1
|
Sala J, Capdevila L, Berga C, de Aquino A, Rodríguez L, Simon S, Ribas X. Luminescent Chiral Furanol-PAHs via Straightforward Ni-Catalysed C sp2 -F Functionalization: Mechanistic Insights into the Scholl Reaction. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303200. [PMID: 37903141 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the stepwise synthesis of new nanographenes (NGs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) obtained via Scholl ring fusion applied at aromatic homologation compounds, which are obtained through one-step Ni-catalysed Csp2 -F functionalization. The latter are rapidly accessed valid precursors for the Scholl reaction, and screening of experimental conditions allowed us to describe for the first time furanol-bearing PAHs. Mechanistic insights are obtained by DFT to rationalize the formation of the furanol PAHs under moderately acidic conditions. All PAHs and NGs synthesized show moderate/weak fluorescent properties, and all PAHs crystallized show some degree of curvature and are obtained as racemic mixtures. Enantiomeric separation by chiral HPLC of one furanol-bearing PAH allowed the study of their chiroptical CD properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Sala
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lorena Capdevila
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina Berga
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Araceli de Aquino
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona (Spain), Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona (Spain), Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sílvia Simon
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavi Ribas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Toyota S, Ban S, Hara M, Kawamura M, Ikeda H, Tsurumaki E. Synthesis and Properties of Rubicene-Based Aromatic π-Conjugated Compounds as Five-Membered Ring Embedded Planar Nanographenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301346. [PMID: 37278362 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of two or three rubicene substructures were designed as π-conjugated compounds embedding five-membered rings. The target compounds with t-butyl groups were synthesized by the Scholl reaction of precursors consisting of 9,10-diphenylanthracene units, even though a partially precyclized precursor was required for the synthesis of the trimer. These compounds were isolated as stable and dark blue solids. Single-crystal X-ray analysis and DFT calculations revealed the planar aromatic framework of these compounds. In the electronic spectra, the absorption and emission bands were considerably red-shifted compared with those of the reference rubicene compound. In particular, the emission band of the trimer extended to the near-IR region while retaining the emissive property. The narrowed HOMO-LUMO gap with the extension of the π-conjugation was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry and DFT calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Toyota
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ban
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Muneyasu Hara
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
- Tokyo Metropolitan College of Industrial Technology, 1-10-40 Higashi-Oi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-0011, Japan
| | - Eiji Tsurumaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu X, Muñoz-Mármol R, Vasylevskyi S, Villa A, Folpini G, Scotognella F, Maria Paternò G, Narita A. Synthesis of Bioctacene-Incorporated Nanographene with Near-Infrared Chiroptical Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218350. [PMID: 36727244 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a hexabenzoperihexacene (HBPH) with two incorporated octacene substructures, which was unambiguously characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The theoretical isomerization barrier of the (P,P)-/(P,M)-forms was estimated to be 38.4 kcal mol-1 , and resolution was achieved by chiral HPLC. Notably, the enantiomers exhibited opposite circular dichroism responses up to the near-infrared (NIR) region (830 nm) with a high gabs value of 0.017 at 616 nm. Moreover, HBPH demonstrated NIR emission with a maximum at 798 nm and an absolute PLQY of 41 %. The excited-state photophysical properties of HBPH were investigated by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, revealing an intriguing feature that was attributed to the rotational and/or conformational dynamics of HBPH after excitation. These results provide new insight into the design of chiral nanographene with NIR optical properties for potential chiroptical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiushang Xu
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Rafael Muñoz-Mármol
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Serhii Vasylevskyi
- Engineering Section, Research Support Division, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Andrea Villa
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Folpini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Scotognella
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maria Paternò
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.,Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gilmartin P, Vu C, Rotella M, Kaur J, Kozlowski M. Edge-Decorated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by an Oxidative Coupling Approach. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203405. [PMID: 36332182 PMCID: PMC9957926 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative phenol coupling reduces reliance on halo/metalated substrates used in conventional redox neutral couplings. A new strategy for constructing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that incorporates oxidative phenol coupling is outlined in a three-stage approach: oxidative fragment coupling, linking of the two resultant units, and oxidative cyclization. The protocol allows rapid assembly of both planar and helical systems with a high degree of edge functionalization. The incorporation of 12 alkoxy groups on systems with 12 rings gave rise to lower optical gaps compared to systems with a lesser degree of edge functionalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Gilmartin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cassandra Vu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Madeline Rotella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jasjit Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marisa Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Izquierdo-García P, Fernández-García JM, Perles J, Fernández I, Martín N. Electronic Control of the Scholl Reaction: Selective Synthesis of Spiro vs Helical Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215655. [PMID: 36495528 PMCID: PMC10107473 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Scholl oxidation has become an essential reaction in the bottom-up synthesis of molecular nanographenes. Herein, we describe a Scholl reaction controlled by the electronic effects on the starting substrate (1 a, b). Anthracene-based polyphenylenes lead to spironanographenes under Scholl conditions. In contrast, an electron-deficient anthracene substrate affords a helically arranged molecular nanographene formed by two orthogonal dibenzo[fg,ij]phenanthro-[9,10,1,2,3-pqrst]pentaphene (DBPP) moieties linked through an octafluoroanthracene core. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations predict that electronic effects control either the first formation of spirocycles and subsequent Scholl reaction to form spironanographene 2, or the expected dehydrogenation reaction leading solely to the helical nanographene 3. The crystal structures of four of the new spiro compounds (syn 2, syn 9, anti 9 and syn 10) were solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The photophysical properties of the new molecular nanographene 3 reveal a remarkable dual fluorescent emission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Izquierdo-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. de la Complutense, S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. de la Complutense, S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefina Perles
- Laboratorio de Difracción de Rayos X de Monocristal, SIdI, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7 Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. de la Complutense, S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. de la Complutense, S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mai J, Morasch M, Jędrzkiewicz D, Langer J, Rösch B, Harder S. Alkaline-Earth Metal Mediated Benzene-to-Biphenyl Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212463. [PMID: 36426597 PMCID: PMC10107259 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Complex [(DIPeP BDI)Ca]2 (C6 H6 ), with a C6 H6 2- dianion bridging two Ca2+ ions, reacts with benzene to yield [(DIPeP BDI)Ca]2 (biphenyl) with a bridging biphenyl2- dianion (DIPeP BDI=HC[C(Me)N-DIPeP]2 ; DIPeP=2,6-CH(Et)2 -phenyl). The biphenyl complex was also prepared by reacting [(DIPeP BDI)Ca]2 (C6 H6 ) with biphenyl or by reduction of [(DIPeP BDI)CaI]2 with KC8 in presence of biphenyl. Benzene-benzene coupling was also observed when the deep purple product of ball-milling [(DIPP BDI)CaI(THF)]2 with K/KI was extracted with benzene (DIPP=2,6-CH(Me)2 -phenyl) giving crystalline [(DIPP BDI)Ca(THF)]2 (biphenyl) (52 % yield). Reduction of [(DIPeP BDI)SrI]2 with KC8 gave highly labile [(DIPeP BDI)Sr]2 (C6 H6 ) as a black powder (61 % yield) which reacts rapidly and selectively with benzene to [(DIPeP BDI)Sr]2 (biphenyl). DFT calculations show that the most likely route for biphenyl formation is a pathway in which the C6 H6 2- dianion attacks neutral benzene. This is facilitated by metal-benzene coordination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Mai
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Michael Morasch
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Dawid Jędrzkiewicz
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Bastian Rösch
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hung TY, Kuck D, Chow HF. Donor-Acceptor Tribenzotriquinacene-Based Molecular Wizard Hats Bearing Three ortho-Benzoquinone Units. Chemistry 2022; 29:e202203749. [PMID: 36585931 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Two π-extended bay-bridged tribenzotriquinacenes ("TBTQ wizard hats") 12 and 16 bearing three mutually conjugated, alternating veratrole-type and ortho-benzoquinone units were synthesized. The electronic properties of these complementarily arranged, nonplanar push-pull systems are affected by the fusion with the rigid, C3 -symmetric TBTQ core to a different extent, as revealed by X-ray structural analysis, UV-vis spectroscopy and cyclovoltammetry. The combination of three quinone units within the original TBTQ core and three veratrole-type bay bridging units in 12 gives rise to a more efficiently π-conjugated chromophore, as reflected by the shallower shape of wizard hat and its absorption in the visible up to 750 nm in comparison to 16. Congener 12 contains an aromatic 18-π electron system in contrast to the cross-conjugated analog 16. X-ray structure analysis of the precursor dodecaether 15 revealed the formation of a cage-like supramolecular dimer, in which the peripheral dioxane-type ether groups interlace by twelve noncovalent C-H⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅O bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsz-Yu Hung
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Dietmar Kuck
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hak-Fun Chow
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu Z, Reichert H, Reichelt H, Basché T, Müllen K. Photostable NIR-II Pigments from Extended Rylenecarboximides. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202291. [PMID: 35876273 PMCID: PMC9804991 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of near-infrared (NIR) organic absorbers, named FNs and FPs, have been obtained with absorption maxima from 870 nm to 1100 nm and thus falling into the attractive second near-infrared region (NIR-II). The synthesis of their extended aromatic cores utilized an initial aryl-amination between 4-aminonaphthalene-1,8-dicarboximide (NMI-NH2 ) or 9-aminoperylene-3,4-dicarboximide (PMI-NH2 ) with chloro-substituted 9,10-anthraquinones followed by a novel base-induced cyclodehydrogenation. A NIR-II pigment, compound FPP, was obtained through de-alkylation of a soluble precursor. The synthesis of this photostable pigment is high-yielding and avoids column chromatographic purification which is important for many applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze‐Hua Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany,Institute for Physical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Hans Reichert
- BASF Schweiz AGBaselRheinfelderstrasse 4133 SchweizerhalleSwitzerland
| | - Helmut Reichelt
- BASF Schweiz AGBaselRheinfelderstrasse 4133 SchweizerhalleSwitzerland
| | - Thomas Basché
- Institute for Physical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany,Institute for Physical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sugawara M, Sawamura M, Akakabe M, Ramadoss B, Sohtome Y, Sodeoka M. Pd-catalyzed Aerobic Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Catechols with 2-Oxindoles and Benzofuranones: Reactivity Difference Between Monomer and Dimer. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200807. [PMID: 36062560 PMCID: PMC9825984 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Persistent radicals, which are generated from 2-oxindole or benzofuranone dimers, are useful tools for designing the radical-based cross-coupling reaction to provide molecules containing a quaternary carbon. The persistent radical is accessible from both the dimer and monomer; however, the reactivity difference between these substrates for the oxidative cross-coupling reaction is not fully understood, most likely because of the mechanistic complexity. Here, we present details of an aerobic cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction using various monomers and catechols. UV-Vis analysis and mechanistic control experiments showed that the monomer is less reactive than the dimer under aerobic conditions. Our Pd(II)-BINAP-μ-hydroxo complex significantly improved the reactivity of the monomers for the aerobic CDC reaction with catechols, yielding results comparable to those of the corresponding dimer. The procedure, which enables the generation of the persistent radical in situ, is particularly useful when employing the monomer that is not readily converted to the corresponding dimer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Sugawara
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research2-1 HirosawaWakoSaitamaJapan
| | - Miki Sawamura
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research2-1 HirosawaWakoSaitamaJapan,Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyo113-8510Japan
| | - Mai Akakabe
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research2-1 HirosawaWakoSaitamaJapan,Catalysis and Integrated Research Group RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
| | - Boobalan Ramadoss
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
| | - Yoshihiro Sohtome
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research2-1 HirosawaWakoSaitamaJapan,Catalysis and Integrated Research Group RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research2-1 HirosawaWakoSaitamaJapan,Catalysis and Integrated Research Group RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science,Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyo113-8510Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun W, Guo J, Fan Z, Yuan L, Ye K, Dou C, Wang Y. Ribbon‐Type Boron‐Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Conformations, Dynamic Complexation and Electronic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209271. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Jiaxiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Zengming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Liuzhong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nebauer J, Neiß C, Krug M, Vogel A, Fehn D, Ozaki S, Rominger F, Meyer K, Kamada K, Guldi DM, Görling A, Kivala M. Oxidative Cyclodehydrogenation of Trinaphthylamine: Selective Formation of a Nitrogen-Centered Polycyclic π-System Comprising 5- and 7-Membered Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205287. [PMID: 35900162 PMCID: PMC9804279 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new type of nitrogen-centered polycyclic scaffold comprising a unique combination of 5-, 6-, and 7-membered rings. The compound is accessible through an intramolecular oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of tri(1-naphthyl)amine. To the best of our knowledge this is the very first example of a direct 3-fold cyclization of a triarylamine under oxidative conditions. The unusual ring fusion motif is confirmed by X-ray crystallography and the impact of cyclization on the electronic and photophysical properties is investigated both experimentally and theoretically based on density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The formation of the unexpected product is rationalized by detailed mechanistic studies on the DFT level. The results suggest the cyclization to occur under kinetic control via a dicationic mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Nebauer
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany,Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Christian Neiß
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of Theoretical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Marcel Krug
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInterdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Alexander Vogel
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany,Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Dominik Fehn
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of General and Inorganic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Shuhei Ozaki
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NMRI)National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)1-8-31 MidorigaokaIkeda, Osaka563-8577Japan,Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Science and TechnologyKwansei Gakuin UniversitySanda669-1337Japan
| | - Frank Rominger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of General and Inorganic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Kenji Kamada
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NMRI)National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)1-8-31 MidorigaokaIkeda, Osaka563-8577Japan,Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Science and TechnologyKwansei Gakuin UniversitySanda669-1337Japan
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInterdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of Theoretical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany,Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bergner J, Walla C, Rominger F, Dreuw A, Kivala M. Inducing Curvature to Pyracylene upon π‐Expansion. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201554. [PMID: 35652474 PMCID: PMC9543126 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We disclose a successive π‐expansion of pyracylene towards boat‐shaped polycyclic scaffolds. The unique structural features of the resulting compounds were revealed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Depending on the extent of π‐expansion the compounds display intense bathochromically shifted absorption bands in their UV/Vis spectra and are prone to several redox events as documented by cyclic voltammetry. The experimental observations are in line with the computational studies based on density functional theory, suggesting progressive narrowing of the HOMO–LUMO gap and distinct evolution of the electronic structure and aromaticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Bergner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Christian Walla
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sun W, Guo J, Fan Z, Yuan L, Ye K, Dou C, Wang Y. Ribbon‐Type Boron‐Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Conformations, Dynamic Complexation and Electronic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kaiqi Ye
- Jilin University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Chuandong Dou
- Jilin University State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials No.2699 Qianjin Street 130012 Changchun CHINA
| | - Yue Wang
- Jilin University College of Chemistry CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nebauer J, Neiß C, Krug M, Vogel A, Fehn D, Ozaki S, Rominger F, Meyer K, Kamada K, Guldi DM, Görling A, Kivala M. Oxidative Cyclodehydrogenation of Trinaphthylamine: Selective Formation of a Nitrogen‐Centered Polycyclic π‐System Comprising 5‐ and 7‐Membered Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Nebauer
- Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg Organisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Christian Neiß
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Department Chemie und Pharmazie GERMANY
| | - Marcel Krug
- Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Department Chemie und Pharmazie GERMANY
| | - Alexander Vogel
- Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg Organisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Dominik Fehn
- Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Department Chemie und Pharmazie GERMANY
| | - Shuhei Ozaki
- Kwansei Gakuin University - Kobe Sanda Campus: Kansei Gakuin Daigaku - Kobe Sanda Campus Department of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Frank Rominger
- Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg Fakultat fur Chemie und Geowissenschaften Organisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Department Chemie und Pharmazie GERMANY
| | - Kenji Kamada
- Kwansei Gakuin University - Kobe Sanda Campus: Kansei Gakuin Daigaku - Kobe Sanda Campus Department of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultat Department Chemie und Pharmazie GERMANY
| | - Andreas Görling
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultat Department Chemie und Pharmazie GERMANY
| | - Milan Kivala
- Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg Fakultat fur Chemie und Geowissenschaften Organisch-Chemisches Institute Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Turley AT, Saha PK, Danos A, Bismillah AN, Monkman AP, Yufit DS, Curchod BFE, Etherington MK, McGonigal PR. Extended Conjugation Attenuates the Quenching of Aggregation-Induced Emitters by Photocyclization Pathways. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202193. [PMID: 35343025 PMCID: PMC9325432 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we expose how the antagonistic relationship between solid‐state luminescence and photocyclization of oligoaryl alkene chromophores is modulated by the conjugation length of their alkenyl backbones. Heptaaryl cycloheptatriene molecular rotors exhibit aggregation‐induced emission characteristics. We show that their emission is turned off upon breaking the conjugation of the cycloheptatriene by epoxide formation. While this modification is deleterious to photoluminescence, it enables formation of extended polycyclic frameworks by Mallory reactions. We exploit this dichotomy (i) to manipulate emission properties in a controlled manner and (ii) as a synthetic tool to link together pairs of phenyl rings in a specific sequence. This method to alter the tendency of oligoaryl alkenes to undergo photocyclization can inform the design of solid‐state emitters that avoid this quenching mechanism, while also allowing selective cyclization in syntheses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Turley
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Promeet K Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Andrew Danos
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Aisha N Bismillah
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Andrew P Monkman
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Dmitry S Yufit
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Basile F E Curchod
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Marc K Etherington
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.,Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Ellison Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Paul R McGonigal
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Akhmetov V, Feofanov M, Ruppenstein C, Lange J, Sharapa D, Krstić M, Hampel F, Kataev EA, Amsharov K. Acenaphthenoannulation Induced by the Dual Lewis Acidity of Alumina. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200584. [PMID: 35313382 PMCID: PMC9321853 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We have discovered a dual (i. e., soft and hard) Lewis acidity of alumina that enables rapid one‐pot π‐extension through the activation of terminal alkynes followed by C−F activation. The tandem reaction introduces an acenaphthene fragment – an essential moiety of geodesic polyarenes. This reaction provides quick access to elusive non‐alternant polyarenes such as π‐extended buckybowls and helicenes through three‐point annulation of the 1‐(2‐ethynyl‐6‐fluorophenyl)naphthalene moiety. The versatility of the developed method was demonstrated by the synthesis of unprecedented structural fragments of elusive geodesic graphene nanoribbons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Akhmetov
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Mikhail Feofanov
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Cordula Ruppenstein
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Josefine Lange
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Dmitry Sharapa
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Marjan Krstić
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–Nuernberg Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II Nikolaus-Fiebiger Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Evgeny A. Kataev
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–Nuernberg Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II Nikolaus-Fiebiger Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Konstantin Amsharov
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2 06120 Halle Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Turley AT, Saha PK, Danos A, Bismillah AN, Monkman AP, Yufit DS, Curchod BFE, Etherington MK, McGonigal PR. Extended Conjugation Attenuates the Quenching of Aggregation‐Induced Emitters by Photocyclization Pathways. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Danos
- Durham University Department of Physics UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | - Dmitry S Yufit
- Durham University Department of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Marc Kenneth Etherington
- Northumbria University Department of Mathematics, Physics, and Electrical Engineering UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Paul Ronald McGonigal
- Durham University Department of Chemistry Lower Mountjoy DH1 3LE Durham UNITED KINGDOM
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Morimoto Y, Koo YH, Otsubo K, Kitakado H, Seki S, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Dibenzodiazapyracylenes: Doubly N‐Doped Cyclopenta‐Fused Polycyclic Molecules That Exhibit High Carrier Mobility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200341. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Yun Hee Koo
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kazuya Otsubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Kitakado
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Varghese EV, Gao CF, Chang YL, Chen HY, Chen CH. Synthesis of Distorted Nitrogen-Doped Nanographenes by Partially Oxidative Cyclodehydrogenation Reaction. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200114. [PMID: 35137559 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of partially fused N-doped nanographenes are synthesized via the oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of oligoaryl-substituted dibenzo[ e,l ]pyrene ( 1 ), including compounds ( 2 - 4 ) with five, six, and seven new C-C bonds are formed, respectively, implying stepwise C-C bond fusion and extended π-conjugation. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of compound 4a revealed that the presence of sterically demanding groups hindered the formation of planar and fully fused nanographene in the oxidative cyclodehydrogenation reaction step. Optical study of compounds 2 to 4 showed that extended π-conjugation leads to a regular stepwise bathochromic shift in the absorption and emission spectra. Furthermore, the HOMO-LUMO gaps of these compounds exhibit a decrease as C-C bond formation proceeds. Thus, the optoelectronic properties of nanographenes are highly dependent on the formation of new C-C bonds in the molecular skeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eldhose V Varghese
- KMU: Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | - Chen-Feng Gao
- KMU: Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | - Yu-Lun Chang
- KMU: Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | - Hsing-Yin Chen
- KMU: Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | - Chia-Hsiang Chen
- Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, No.100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, 807, Kaohsiung, TAIWAN
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang J, Shen C, Zhang G, Gan F, Ding Y, Qiu H. Transformation of Crowded Oligoarylene into Perylene‐Cored Chiral Nanographene by Sequential Oxidative Cyclization and 1,2‐Phenyl Migration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Chengshuo Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Guoli Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Fuwei Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Yongle Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Morimoto Y, Koo YH, Otsubo K, Kitakado H, Seki S, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Dibenzodiazapyracylenes: Doubly N‐Doped Cyclopenta‐fused Polycyclic Molecules That Exhibit High Carrier Mobility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yun Hee Koo
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Molecular Engineering JAPAN
| | | | | | - Shu Seki
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Molecular Engineering JAPAN
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pelliccioli V, Hartung T, Simon M, Golz C, Licandro E, Cauteruccio S, Alcarazo M. Enantioselective Synthesis of Dithia[5]helicenes and their Postsynthetic Functionalization to Access Dithia[9]helicenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pelliccioli
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
- Department of Chemistry University of Milan Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Thierry Hartung
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Martin Simon
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Emanuela Licandro
- Department of Chemistry University of Milan Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Silvia Cauteruccio
- Department of Chemistry University of Milan Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pun SH, Cheung KM, Yang D, Chen H, Wang Y, Kershaw SV, Miao Q. A Near‐Infrared Absorbing and Emissive Quadruple Helicene Enabled by the Scholl Reaction of Perylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Ho Pun
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Ka Man Cheung
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Daiyue Yang
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 230032 China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Yujing Wang
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Stephen V. Kershaw
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP) City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 230032 China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Steuer L, Kaifer E, Himmel HJ. Redox‐Active Dendrimer‐Like Oligoguanidines and Their Use in a Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer Reaction. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Steuer
- Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg Fakultat fur Chemie und Geowissenschaften Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg Fakultat fur Chemie und Geowissenschaften Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Institut für Anorganische Chemie Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pun SH, Cheung KM, Yang D, Chen H, Wang Y, Kershaw SV, Miao Q. A Near-Infrared Absorbing and Emissive Quadruple Helicene Enabled by the Scholl Reaction of Perylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113203. [PMID: 34921485 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis, structural analysis, optical and chiroptical properties of a novel quadruple helicene, which has two [6] and two [7]helicene moieties fused in a contorted framework of 92 sp 2 carbon atoms. It was synthesized by the Scholl reaction of a perylene-containing substrate with the formation of eight carbon-carbon bonds on the perylene unit in a single synthetic operation. Chemical oxidation of the quadruple helicene with tris(4-bromophenyl)ammoniumyl hexachloroantimonate resulted in an air-stable dication, which exhibits the same helicity in its four helicene moieties as unambiguously identified by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The quadruple helicene exhibits unusual near-infrared absorption and emission with absorption and emission maxima at 848 nm and 977 nm, respectively, and its isolated enantiomers exhibit electronic circular dichroism in the near-infrared and visible light regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Ho Pun
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of chemistry, HONG KONG
| | - Ka Man Cheung
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of chemistry, HONG KONG
| | - Daiyue Yang
- SIOC: Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, CHINA
| | - Han Chen
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of chemistry, HONG KONG
| | - Yujing Wang
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of chemistry, HONG KONG
| | - Stephen V Kershaw
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, HONG KONG
| | - Qian Miao
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Chemistry, Shatin, HONG KONG
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Rearrangements in Scholl reaction are mostly serendipitous. The design of molecular precursors is what seems to guide the course of rearrangement. This review consolidates different classes of precursors used in Scholl reaction and their accompanying rearrangements that include aryl migration, migration followed by cyclization and skeletal rearrangements involving ring expansion, ring contraction and both, under the reaction conditions. The attempt in collating heretofore-reported examples in this review is to guide designing appropriate precursors to predictably achieve complex molecular structures or nanographenes or defect-nanographenes via rearrangement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nagaraju Ponugoti
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chemistry, Adyar, 600036, Chennai, INDIA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pelliccioli V, Hartung T, Simon M, Golz C, Licandro E, Cauteruccio S, Alcarazo M. Enantioselective Synthesis of Dithia[5]helicenes and their Postsynthetic Functionalization to Access Dithia[9]helicenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114577. [PMID: 34874602 PMCID: PMC9302117 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective synthesis of 5,13-disubstituted dibenzo[d,d']benzo[1,2-b:4,3-b']dithiophenes is reported. Key for the successful assembly of these helical architectures is the last two successive Au-catalyzed intramolecular alkyne hydroarylation events. Specifically, the second cyclization is the enantiodetermining step of the whole process and provides the desired helicenes with excellent ee values when a TADDOL-derived 1,2,3-(triazolium)phosphonite moiety (TADDOL: α,α,α',α'-tetraaryl-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dimethanol) is employed as an ancillary ligand. The absolute stereochemistry of the newly prepared structures has been determined by X-ray crystallography to be P; the optical properties of these heterohelicenes are also reported. A three-step procedure was subsequently developed that allows the transformation of the initially obtained dithia[5]helicenes into dithia[9]helicenes without erosion of the enantiopurity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pelliccioli
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Thierry Hartung
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Simon
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Emanuela Licandro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Cauteruccio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang J, Shen C, Zhang G, Gan F, Ding Y, Qiu H. Transformation of Crowded Oligoarylene into Perylene-Cored Chiral Nanographene by Sequential Oxidative Cyclization and 1,2-Phenyl Migration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115979. [PMID: 34854182 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic innovation for constructing sophisticated nanographenes is of fundamental significance for a variety of advanced applications. Herein, we report a distinctive method to prepare π-extended chiral nanographenes with 29 benzenoid rings and two helical breaches from a highly crowded perylene-cored oligoarylene precursor. Under Scholl's conditions, the reaction predominantly involves the regioselective and sequential cyclization in the peri- and bay regions of the perylene core, and the complanation of the 1-phenyl[5]helicene intermediate module via 1,2-phenyl migration. The resulting chiral nanographenes are configurationally stable at 180 °C due to the high diastereomerization barriers of ca. 45 kcal mol-1 . These molecules also possess globally delocalized π-systems with low HOMO/LUMO gaps, leading to nearly panchromatic absorption, intensive electronic circular dichroism signals and deep-red circularly polarized luminescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chengshuo Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Guoli Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Fuwei Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yongle Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Maddala S, Panua A, Venkatakrishnan P. Steering Scholl Oxidative Heterocoupling by Tuning Topology and Electronics for Building Thiananographenes and Their Functional N-/C-Congeners. Chemistry 2021; 27:16013-16020. [PMID: 34459037 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While intramolecular Scholl oxidative coupling between two arenes is common, successful C-C heterocoupling between thiophene and arene is scarce. The latter is due to the notorious reactivity of thiophene towards polymerization under oxidative conditions. This report systematically demonstrates how topological variation of electronics and reactivity in thiophene substrates can lead to efficient oxidative heterocoupling. Bis(biaryl)thiophenes having reactive α- and β-positions open are the choice of substrates. The cyclizing arene partners are so electronically tuned for thiophene's reactivity (at α- and β-) as to establish C-C bond oxidatively generating symmetrical as well as unsymmetrical diphenanthrothiophenes which are basic thiananographenes. Depending on the cyclizing-couple's electronics, either arene- or thiophene-centered oxidation initiates C-C heterocoupling. The potential utility of these simple thiananographenes is further unfurled by converting them to functional N-/C-graphene segments that are aza-corannulene precursor and tetrabenzospirobifluorene. Their bright emission and extended electrochemical stability are remarkable that may be potentially important and applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Maddala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anirban Panua
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhao M, Pun SH, Gong Q, Miao Q. Carbazole‐Fused Polycyclic Aromatics Enabled by Regioselective Scholl Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Zhao
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Sai Ho Pun
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Qi Gong
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhao M, Pun SH, Gong Q, Miao Q. Carbazole-Fused Polycyclic Aromatics Enabled by Regioselective Scholl Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24124-24130. [PMID: 34519417 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of new carbazole-fused polycyclic aromatics with interesting geometry and useful properties was explored using Scholl reactions. As found from the Scholl reactions of substrates having two carbazole units linked at different positions through o-phenylene, oxidative coupling of carbazole units occurred in a regioselective manner with new carbon-carbon bonds preferably formed at C3 and C4 in N-alkyl carbazoles. A new N-containing aromatic bowl was characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and new p-type organic semiconductors exhibited field effect mobility of up to 0.070 cm2 V-1 s-1 in solution-processed thin-film transistors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sai Ho Pun
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qi Gong
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chaolumen, Stepek IA, Yamada KE, Ito H, Itami K. Construction of Heptagon-Containing Molecular Nanocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23508-23532. [PMID: 33547701 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular nanocarbons containing heptagonal rings have attracted increasing interest due to their dynamic behavior, electronic properties, aromaticity, and solid-state packing. Heptagon incorporation can not only induce negative curvature within nanocarbon scaffolds, but also confer significantly altered properties through interaction with adjacent non-hexagonal rings. Despite the disclosure of several beautiful examples in recent years, synthetic strategies toward heptagon-embedded molecular nanocarbons remain relatively limited due to the intrinsic challenges of heptagon formation and incorporation into polyarene frameworks. In this Review, recent advances in solution-mediated and surface-assisted synthesis of heptagon-containing molecular nanocarbons, as well as the intriguing properties of these frameworks, will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaolumen
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Iain A Stepek
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Keigo E Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yang X, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Contorted Heteroannulated Tetraareno[a,d,j,m]coronenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:14345-14352. [PMID: 34374459 PMCID: PMC8596641 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fused polycyclic aromatic compounds are interesting materials for organic electronics applications. To fine-tune photophysical or electrochemical properties, either various substituents can be attached or heteroatoms (such as N or S) can be incorporated into the fused aromatic backbone. Coronenes and heterocoronenes are promising compounds in this respect. Up until now, the possibilities for varying the attached fused heteroaromatics at the coronene core were quite limited, and realizing both electron-withdrawing and -donating rings at the same time was very difficult. Here, a series of pyridine, anisole and thiophene annulated tetraareno[a,d,j,m]coronenes has been synthesized by a facile two-step route that is a combination of Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and a following cyclization step, starting from three different diarenoperylene dibromides. The contorted molecular π-planes of the obtained cata-condensed tetraarenocoronenes were analyzed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and the photophysical and electrochemical properties were systematically investigated by UV/Vis spectroscopy and cyclovoltammetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Venkateswarlu S, Kumar S, Tao Y. One‐step Annulation/Chlorination towards Chlorinated Diphenanthro, Dibenzophenanthro, and Dichrysenothiophens. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samala Venkateswarlu
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Tai Tao
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Krzeszewski M, Dobrzycki Ł, Sobolewski AL, Cyrański MK, Gryko DT. Bowl-Shaped Pentagon- and Heptagon-Embedded Nanographene Containing a Central Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14998-15005. [PMID: 33831270 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A bowl-shaped nitrogen-doped nanographene composed of a pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole core substituted with six arene rings circularly bonded with one another has been prepared via a concise synthetic strategy encompassing the multicomponent tetraarylpyrrolopyrrole (TAPP) synthesis, the Scholl reaction, and intramolecular direct arylation. This synthesis represents the first case of programmed sequential intramolecular direct arylation reactions utilizing the different reactivity of C-Br and C-Cl bonds. The target compound contains two central pentagons confined between two adjacent heptagons-the inverse Stone-Thrower-Wales topology. The presence of both five- and seven-membered rings in the final structure is responsible for interesting properties such as a perpendicularly aligned dipole moment, absorption and fluorescence in the orange-red region, weak emission originating from the charge-transfer character of a low-energy absorption band, and a high lying HOMO. In the solid state slipped convex-to-convex π-π stacking dominates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej L Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał K Cyrański
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zou Y, Han Y, Wu S, Hou X, Chow CHE, Wu J. Scholl Reaction of Perylene-Based Polyphenylene Precursors under Different Conditions: Formation of Hexagon or Octagon? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17654-17663. [PMID: 34002913 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A planar dibenzo-peri-hexacene derivative (2) was synthesized via FeCl3 -mediated Scholl reaction from a cyclopenta-fused perylene (CP) based polyphenylene precursor (1). However, an unexpected octagon-containing, negatively curved molecule (3) was obtained in nearly quantitative yield when 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) and methanesulfonic acid (MeSO3 H) were used. Similar results were observed when two smaller-sized precursors containing one (4) or two CP units (5) were tested. X-ray crystallographic analysis also revealed that there is no close π-π stacking between neighboring π-conjugated skeletons. DFT calculations suggest a radical cation mechanism in the presence of FeCl3 while an arenium ion pathway for the DDQ/MeSO3 H mediated Scholl reaction, which can well explain the selective formation of hexagons and octagons under different conditions. The obtained compounds showed tunable optical and electrochemical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xudong Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chi Hao Eugene Chow
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zou Y, Han Y, Wu S, Hou X, Chow CHE, Wu J. Scholl Reaction of Perylene‐Based Polyphenylene Precursors under Different Conditions: Formation of Hexagon or Octagon? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zou
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Xudong Hou
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Chi Hao Eugene Chow
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ribar P, Valenta L, Šolomek T, Juríček M. Rules of Nucleophilic Additions to Zigzag Nanographene Diones*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13521-13528. [PMID: 33645878 PMCID: PMC8251702 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophilic addition of carbon-centered nucleophiles to nanographene ketones represents a valuable late-stage method for the functionalization of zigzag nanographenes, but its use is rare in the chemical literature. Using two model systems, non-Kekulé triangulene-4,8-dione and Kekulé anthanthrone, we identify unexpected regioselectivities and uncover the rules that govern these reactions. Considering the large number of nanographene ketones that have been reported since the pioneering work of Eric Clar, this method enables synthesis and exploration of hitherto unknown functionalized nanographenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ribar
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Leoš Valenta
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Tomáš Šolomek
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056BaselSwitzerland
- Prievidza Chemical SocietyM. Hodžu 10/16971 01PrievidzaSlovak Republic
- Current address: Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
- Prievidza Chemical SocietyM. Hodžu 10/16971 01PrievidzaSlovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ribar P, Valenta L, Šolomek T, Juríček M. Rules of Nucleophilic Additions to Zigzag Nanographene Diones**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ribar
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Leoš Valenta
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Tomáš Šolomek
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
- Prievidza Chemical Society M. Hodžu 10/16 971 01 Prievidza Slovak Republic
- Current address: Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
- Prievidza Chemical Society M. Hodžu 10/16 971 01 Prievidza Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Krzeszewski M, Dobrzycki Ł, Sobolewski AL, Cyrański MK, Gryko DT. Bowl‐Shaped Pentagon‐ and Heptagon‐Embedded Nanographene Containing a Central Pyrrolo[3,2‐
b
]pyrrole Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44–52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Andrzej L. Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Al. Lotników 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał K. Cyrański
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44–52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Schmiel S, Butenschön H. New π‐Extended 1,1′‐Disubstituted Ferrocenes with Thioate and Dithioate End Groups. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sinem‐Fatma Schmiel
- Institut für Organische Chemie Leibniz Universität Hannover Schneiderberg 1B 30167 Hannover Germany
| | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische Chemie Leibniz Universität Hannover Schneiderberg 1B 30167 Hannover Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ma T, Zhong YJ, Wang HF, Zhao KQ, Wang BQ, Hu P, Monobe H, Donnio B. Butterfly-like Shape Liquid Crystals Based Fused-Thiophene as Unidimensional Ambipolar Organic Semiconductors with High Mobility. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1106-1117. [PMID: 33704900 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesomorphous butterfly-like shape molecules based on benzodithiophene, benzodithiophene-4,8-dione and cyclopentadithiophen-4-one core moieties were efficiently synthesized by the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and Scholl oxidative cyclo-dehydrogenation reactions' tandem. Most of the butterfly molecules spontaneously self-organize into columnar hexagonal mesophase. The electron-deficient systems possess strong solvent-gelling ability but are not luminescent, whereas the electron-rich terms do not form gels but strongly emit light between 400 and 600 nm. The charge carrier mobility was also measured by time-of-flight transient photocurrent technique in the mesophases for some of the compounds. They display hole-transport performances with positive charge mobility in the 10-3 cm-2 V-1 s-1 range, consistent with the high degree of ordering and stability of the columnar superstructures. In particular, the mesogen with a benzodithiophen-4,8-dione core shows ambipolar charge carrier transport with both high electron (μe =6.6×10-3 cm-2 V-1 s-1 ) and hole (μh =4.5×10-3 cm-2 V-1 s-1 ) mobility values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Feng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Qing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, P. R. China
| | - Bi-Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, P. R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, P. R. China
| | - Hirosato Monobe
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg (UMR 7504), 67034, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang CS, Sun Q, García F, Wang C, Yoshikai N. Robust Cobalt Catalyst for Nitrile/Alkyne [2+2+2] Cycloaddition: Synthesis of Polyarylpyridines and Their Mechanochemical Cyclodehydrogenation to Nitrogen-Containing Polyaromatics*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9627-9634. [PMID: 33559370 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The transition-metal-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition of nitriles and alkynes is an established synthetic approach to pyridines; however, these cycloadditions often rely on the use of tethered diynes or cyanoalkynes as one of the reactants. Thus, examples of efficient, fully intermolecular catalytic [2+2+2] pyridine synthesis, especially those employing unactivated nitriles and internal alkynes leading to pentasubstituted pyridines, remain scarce. Herein, we report on simple and inexpensive catalytic systems based on cobalt(II) iodide, 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane, and Zn that promote [2+2+2] cycloaddition of various nitriles and diarylacetylenes for the synthesis of a broad range of polyarylated pyridines. DFT studies support a reaction pathway involving oxidative coupling of two alkynes, insertion of the nitrile into a cobaltacyclopentadiene, and C-N reductive elimination. The resulting tetra- and pentaarylpyridines serve as precursors to hitherto unprecedented nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via mechanochemically assisted multifold reductive cyclodehydrogenation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sheng Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Qiao Sun
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Felipe García
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Chen Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemical Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, P. R. China
| | - Naohiko Yoshikai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang C, Sun Q, García F, Wang C, Yoshikai N. Robust Cobalt Catalyst for Nitrile/Alkyne [2+2+2] Cycloaddition: Synthesis of Polyarylpyridines and Their Mechanochemical Cyclodehydrogenation to Nitrogen‐Containing Polyaromatics**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang‐Sheng Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Qiao Sun
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Felipe García
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Chen Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemical Process Shaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 P. R. China
| | - Naohiko Yoshikai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hang J, Lin H, Zhao K, Hu P, Wang B, Monobe H, Zhu C, Donnio B. Butterfly Mesogens Based on Carbazole, Fluorene or Fluorenone: Mesomorphous, Gelling, Photophysical, and Photoconductive Properties. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun‐Fang Hang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610066 China
| | - Hang Lin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610066 China
| | - Ke‐Qing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610066 China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610066 China
| | - Bi‐Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610066 China
| | - Hirosato Monobe
- Nanomaterials Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Ikeda Osaka 5638577 Japan
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Department Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Rd., M/S 15R0217 Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Materiaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) CNRS-Universite de Strasbourg (UMR 7504) Strasbourg 67034 France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Xia Z, Pun SH, Chen H, Miao Q. Synthesis of Zigzag Carbon Nanobelts through Scholl Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Xia
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Sai Ho Pun
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Casadio DS, Aikonen S, Lenarda A, Nieger M, Hu T, Taubert S, Sundholm D, Muuronen M, Wirtanen T, Helaja J. Divergent Carbocatalytic Routes in Oxidative Coupling of Benzofused Heteroaryl Dimers: A Mechanistic Update. Chemistry 2021; 27:5283-5291. [PMID: 33427343 PMCID: PMC8048508 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mildly thermal air or HNO3 oxidized activated carbons catalyse oxidative dehydrogenative couplings of benzo[b]fused heteroaryl 2,2'-dimers, e.g., 2-(benzofuran-2-yl)-1H-indole, to chiral 3,3'-coupled cyclooctatetraenes or carbazole-type migrative products under O2 atmosphere. DFT calculations show that the radical cation and the Scholl-type arenium cation mechanisms lead to different products with 2-(benzofuran-2-yl)-1H-indole, being in accord with experimental product distributions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David S. Casadio
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 5500014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Santeri Aikonen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 5500014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Anna Lenarda
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 5500014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 5500014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Tao Hu
- Research Unit of Sustainable ChemistryFaculty of TechnologyUniversity of Oulu90014OuluFinland
| | - Stefan Taubert
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 5500014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 5500014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Mikko Muuronen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 5500014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Tom Wirtanen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 5500014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Juho Helaja
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 5500014HelsinkiFinland
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Xia Z, Pun SH, Chen H, Miao Q. Synthesis of Zigzag Carbon Nanobelts through Scholl Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10311-10318. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Xia
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Sai Ho Pun
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Morimoto Y, Chen F, Matsuo Y, Kise K, Tanaka T, Osuka A. Improved Synthesis of ortho-Phenylene-bridged Cyclic Tetrapyrroles and Oxidative Fusion Reactions Toward Substituted Tetraaza[8]circulenes. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:648-655. [PMID: 33428328 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hetero[8]circulenes have emerged as novel functionalized heteronanographenes that show various promising functions such as bright fluorescence, charge transporting, and redox reactivities. One of the effective synthetic strategy is the fold-in type oxidative fusion reaction of ortho-phenylene-bridged cyclic tetrapyrroles, whose construction, however, is not well-sophisticated in terms of reproducibility and possibility for versatile derivatization. In this paper, a "reverse" coupling strategy has been developed, which enabled synthesis of opp-type low symmetric analogues of cyclic tetrapyrroles. Oxidative fusion reaction conditions to afford tetraaza[8]circulenes have also been reinvestigated and improved. Substituent effects of cyclic tetrapyrroles and tetrabenzotetraaza[8]circulenes are studied for solid-state structures and packing structures, redox potentials, and optical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Fengkun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Koki Kise
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|