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Fu L, Luo Y, Niu L, Lin Y, Chen X, Zhang J, Tang W, Chen Y, Jiao Y. M 1/M 4 receptors as potential therapeutic treatments for schizophrenia: A comprehensive study. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 105:117728. [PMID: 38640587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) play a significant role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Although activating mAChRs holds potential in addressing the full range of schizophrenia symptoms, clinical application of many non-selective mAChR agonists in cognitive deficits, positive and negative symptoms is hindered by peripheral side effects (gastrointestinal disturbances and cardiovascular effects) and dosage restrictions. Ligands binding to the allosteric sites of mAChRs, particularly the M1 and M4 subtypes, demonstrate activity in improving cognitive function and amelioration of positive and negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia, enhancing our understanding of schizophrenia. The article aims to critically examine current design concepts and clinical advancements in synthesizing and designing small molecules targeting M1/M4, providing theoretical insights and empirical support for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingsheng Fu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yi Luo
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Longyan Niu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Ying Lin
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Xingru Chen
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Junhao Zhang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Weifang Tang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China..
| | - Yadong Chen
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China..
| | - Yu Jiao
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China..
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2
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He J, Liu X, Zhu C, Zha J, Li Q, Zhao M, Wei J, Li M, Wu C, Wang J, Jiao Y, Ning S, Zhou J, Hong Y, Liu Y, He H, Zhang M, Chen F, Li Y, He X, Wu J, Lu S, Song K, Lu X, Zhang J. ASD2023: towards the integrating landscapes of allosteric knowledgebase. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:D376-D383. [PMID: 37870448 PMCID: PMC10767950 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Allosteric regulation, induced by perturbations at an allosteric site topographically distinct from the orthosteric site, is one of the most direct and efficient ways to fine-tune macromolecular function. The Allosteric Database (ASD; accessible online at http://mdl.shsmu.edu.cn/ASD) has been systematically developed since 2009 to provide comprehensive information on allosteric regulation. In recent years, allostery has seen sustained growth and wide-ranging applications in life sciences, from basic research to new therapeutics development, while also elucidating emerging obstacles across allosteric research stages. To overcome these challenges and maintain high-quality data center services, novel features were curated in the ASD2023 update: (i) 66 589 potential allosteric sites, covering > 80% of the human proteome and constituting the human allosteric pocketome; (ii) 748 allosteric protein-protein interaction (PPI) modulators with clear mechanisms, aiding protein machine studies and PPI-targeted drug discovery; (iii) 'Allosteric Hit-to-Lead,' a pioneering dataset providing panoramic views from 87 well-defined allosteric hits to 6565 leads and (iv) 456 dualsteric modulators for exploring the simultaneous regulation of allosteric and orthosteric sites. Meanwhile, ASD2023 maintains a significant growth of foundational allosteric data. Based on these efforts, the allosteric knowledgebase is progressively evolving towards an integrated landscape, facilitating advancements in allosteric target identification, mechanistic exploration and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chunhao Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jinyin Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiacheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chengwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Junyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yonglai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shaobo Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiamin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yue Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hongxi He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Feiying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yanxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xinheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Kun Song
- Nutshell Therapeutics, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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3
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Zha J, He J, Wu C, Zhang M, Liu X, Zhang J. Designing drugs and chemical probes with the dualsteric approach. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8651-8677. [PMID: 37990599 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00650f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, drugs are monovalent, targeting only one site on the protein surface. This includes orthosteric and allosteric drugs, which bind the protein at orthosteric and allosteric sites, respectively. Orthosteric drugs are good in potency, whereas allosteric drugs have better selectivity and are solutions to classically undruggable targets. However, it would be difficult to simultaneously reach high potency and selectivity when targeting only one site. Also, both kinds of monovalent drugs suffer from mutation-caused drug resistance. To overcome these obstacles, dualsteric modulators have been proposed in the past twenty years. Compared to orthosteric or allosteric drugs, dualsteric modulators are bivalent (or bitopic) with two pharmacophores. Each of the two pharmacophores bind the protein at the orthosteric and an allosteric site, which could bring the modulator with special properties beyond monovalent drugs. In this study, we comprehensively review the current development of dualsteric modulators. Our main effort reason and illustrate the aims to apply the dualsteric approach, including a "double win" of potency and selectivity, overcoming mutation-caused drug resistance, developments of function-biased modulators, and design of partial agonists. Moreover, the strengths of the dualsteric technique also led to its application outside pharmacy, including the design of highly sensitive fluorescent tracers and usage as molecular rulers. Besides, we also introduced drug targets, designing strategies, and validation methods of dualsteric modulators. Finally, we detail the conclusions and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyin Zha
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jixiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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4
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Heinz CS, Bermudez M, Jaiswal N, Große C, Kauk M, Hoffmann C, Holzgrabe U. Hybridization into a Bitopic Ligand Increased Muscarinic Receptor Activation for Isopilocarpine but Not for Pilocarpine Derivatives. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:869-881. [PMID: 37042802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pilocarpine (1), a secondary metabolite of several Pilocarpus species, is a therapeutically used partial agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). The available pharmacological data and structure-activity relationships do not provide comparable data for all five receptor subtypes. In this study, pilocarpine (1), its epimer isopilocarpine (2), racemic analogues pilosinine (3) and desmethyl pilosinine (4), and the respective hybrid ligands with a naphmethonium fragment (5-C6 to 8-C6) were synthesized and analyzed in mini-G nano-BRET assays at the five mAChRs. In line with earlier studies, pilocarpine was the most active compound among the orthosteric ligands 1-4. Computational docking of pilocarpine and isopilocarpine to the active M2 receptor suggests that the trans-configuration of isopilocarpine leads to a loss of the hydrogen bond from the lactone carbonyl to N6.52, explaining the lower activity of isopilocarpine. Hybrid formation of pilocarpine (1) and isopilocarpine (2) led to an inverted activity rank, with the trans-configured isopilocarpine hybrid (6-C6) being more active. The hydrogen bond of interest is formed by the isopilocarpine hybrid (6-C6) but not by the pilocarpine hybrid (5-C6). Hybridization thus leads to a modified binding mode of the orthosteric moiety, as the binding mode of the hybrid is dominated by the high-affinity allosteric moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine S Heinz
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Bermudez
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Natasha Jaiswal
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Carolin Große
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Kauk
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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5
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Zhao N, Wu W, Wang Y, Song K, Chen G, Chen Y, Wang R, Xu J, Cui K, Chen H, Tan W, Zhang J, Xiao Z. DNA-modularized construction of bivalent ligands precisely regulates receptor binding and activation. Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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6
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Myslivecek J. Multitargeting nature of muscarinic orthosteric agonists and antagonists. Front Physiol 2022; 13:974160. [PMID: 36148314 PMCID: PMC9486310 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.974160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscarinic receptors (mAChRs) are typical members of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and exist in five subtypes from M1 to M5. Muscarinic receptor subtypes do not sufficiently differ in affinity to orthosteric antagonists or agonists; therefore, the analysis of receptor subtypes is complicated, and misinterpretations can occur. Usually, when researchers mainly specialized in CNS and peripheral functions aim to study mAChR involvement in behavior, learning, spinal locomotor networks, biological rhythms, cardiovascular physiology, bronchoconstriction, gastrointestinal tract functions, schizophrenia, and Parkinson’s disease, they use orthosteric ligands and they do not use allosteric ligands. Moreover, they usually rely on manufacturers’ claims that could be misleading. This review aimed to call the attention of researchers not deeply focused on mAChR pharmacology to this fact. Importantly, limited selective binding is not only a property of mAChRs but is a general attribute of most neurotransmitter receptors. In this review, we want to give an overview of the most common off-targets for established mAChR ligands. In this context, an important point is a mention the tremendous knowledge gap on off-targets for novel compounds compared to very well-established ligands. Therefore, we will summarize reported affinities and give an outline of strategies to investigate the subtype’s function, thereby avoiding ambiguous results. Despite that, the multitargeting nature of drugs acting also on mAChR could be an advantage when treating such diseases as schizophrenia. Antipsychotics are a perfect example of a multitargeting advantage in treatment. A promising strategy is the use of allosteric ligands, although some of these ligands have also been shown to exhibit limited selectivity. Another new direction in the development of muscarinic selective ligands is functionally selective and biased agonists. The possible selective ligands, usually allosteric, will also be listed. To overcome the limited selectivity of orthosteric ligands, the recommended process is to carefully examine the presence of respective subtypes in specific tissues via knockout studies, carefully apply “specific” agonists/antagonists at appropriate concentrations and then calculate the probability of a specific subtype involvement in specific functions. This could help interested researchers aiming to study the central nervous system functions mediated by the muscarinic receptor.
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Gado F, Ferrisi R, Polini B, Mohamed KA, Ricardi C, Lucarini E, Carpi S, Domenichini F, Stevenson LA, Rapposelli S, Saccomanni G, Nieri P, Ortore G, Pertwee RG, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Chiellini G, Laprairie RB, Manera C. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of New CB2 Receptor Ligands: from Orthosteric and Allosteric Modulators to Dualsteric/Bitopic Ligands. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9918-9938. [PMID: 35849804 PMCID: PMC10168668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The design of dualsteric/bitopic agents as single chemical entities able to simultaneously interact with both the orthosteric and an allosteric binding site represents a novel approach in medicinal chemistry. Biased dualsteric/bitopic agents could enhance certain signaling pathways while diminishing the others that cause unwanted side effects. We have designed, synthesized, and functionally characterized the first CB2R heterobivalent bitopic ligands. In contrast to the parent orthosteric compound, our bitopic ligands selectively target CB2R versus CB1R and show a functional selectivity for the cAMP signaling pathway versus βarrestin2 recruitment. Moreover, the most promising bitopic ligand FD-22a displayed anti-inflammatory activity in a human microglial cell inflammatory model and antinociceptive activity in vivo in an experimental mouse model of neuropathic pain. Finally, computational studies clarified the binding mode of these compounds inside the CB2R, further confirming their bitopic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gado
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Rebecca Ferrisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Beatrice Polini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy.,Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Kawthar A Mohamed
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | | | - Elena Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Sara Carpi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy.,NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | | | - Lesley A Stevenson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, U.K
| | - Simona Rapposelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy.,CISUP, Centre for Instrumentation Sharing Pisa University, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | | | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | | | - Roger G Pertwee
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, U.K
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Grazia Chiellini
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy.,CISUP, Centre for Instrumentation Sharing Pisa University, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Robert B Laprairie
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Clementina Manera
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy.,CISUP, Centre for Instrumentation Sharing Pisa University, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, Pisa 56126, Italy
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8
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Kühnen P, Biebermann H, Wiegand S. Pharmacotherapy in Childhood Obesity. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 95:177-192. [PMID: 34351307 DOI: 10.1159/000518432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing number of obese children and adolescence is a major problem in health-care systems. Currently, the gold standard for the treatment of these patients with obesity is a multicomponent lifestyle intervention. Unfortunately, this strategy is not leading to a substantial and long-lasting weight loss in the majority of patients. This is the reason why there is an urgent need to establish new treatment strategies for children and adolescents with obesity to reduce the risk for the development of any comorbidities like cardiovascular diseases or diabetes mellitus type 2. SUMMARY In this review, we outline available pharmacological therapeutic options for children and compare the available study data with the outcome of conservative treatment approaches. KEY MESSAGES We discussed, in detail, how knowledge about underlying molecular mechanisms might support the identification of effective antiobesity drugs in the future and in which way this might modulate current treatment strategies to support children and adolescence with obesity to lose body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kühnen
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Biebermann
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanna Wiegand
- Center for Social-Pediatric Care/Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Drakopoulos A, Moianos D, Prifti GM, Zoidis G, Decker M. Opioid ligands addressing unconventional binding sites and more than one opioid receptor subtype. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200169. [PMID: 35560796 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Opioid receptors (ORs) represent one of the most significant groups of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) drug targets and also act as prototypical models for GPCR function. In a constant effort to develop drugs with less side effects, and tools to explore the ORs nature and function, various (poly)pharmacological ligand design approaches have been performed. That is, besides classical ligands, a great number of bivalent ligands (i.e. aiming on two distinct OR subtypes), univalent heteromer-selective ligands and bitopic and allosteric ligands have been synthesized for the ORs. The scope of our review is to present the most important of the aforementioned ligands, highlight their properties and exhibit the current state-of-the-art pallet of promising drug candidates or useful molecular tools for the ORs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Drakopoulos
- University of Gothenburg: Goteborgs Universitet, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Kemigåden 4, 431 45, Göteborg, SWEDEN
| | - Dimitrios Moianos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens: Ethniko kai Kapodistriako Panepistemio Athenon, Department of Pharmacy, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, 15771, Athens, GREECE
| | - Georgia-Myrto Prifti
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens: Ethniko kai Kapodistriako Panepistemio Athenon, Department of Pharmacy, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, 15771, Athens, GREECE
| | - Grigoris Zoidis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Panepistimioupolis-Zografou, 15771, Athens, GREECE
| | - Michael Decker
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, GERMANY
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10
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Speck D, Kleinau G, Szczepek M, Kwiatkowski D, Catar R, Philippe A, Scheerer P. Angiotensin and Endothelin Receptor Structures With Implications for Signaling Regulation and Pharmacological Targeting. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:880002. [PMID: 35518926 PMCID: PMC9063481 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.880002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In conjunction with the endothelin (ET) type A (ETAR) and type B (ETBR) receptors, angiotensin (AT) type 1 (AT1R) and type 2 (AT2R) receptors, are peptide-binding class A G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) acting in a physiologically overlapping context. Angiotensin receptors (ATRs) are involved in regulating cell proliferation, as well as cardiovascular, renal, neurological, and endothelial functions. They are important therapeutic targets for several diseases or pathological conditions, such as hypertrophy, vascular inflammation, atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, and cancer. Endothelin receptors (ETRs) are expressed primarily in blood vessels, but also in the central nervous system or epithelial cells. They regulate blood pressure and cardiovascular homeostasis. Pathogenic conditions associated with ETR dysfunctions include cancer and pulmonary hypertension. While both receptor groups are activated by their respective peptide agonists, pathogenic autoantibodies (auto-Abs) can also activate the AT1R and ETAR accompanied by respective clinical conditions. To date, the exact mechanisms and differences in binding and receptor-activation mediated by auto-Abs as opposed to endogenous ligands are not well understood. Further, several questions regarding signaling regulation in these receptors remain open. In the last decade, several receptor structures in the apo- and ligand-bound states were determined with protein X-ray crystallography using conventional synchrotrons or X-ray Free-Electron Lasers (XFEL). These inactive and active complexes provide detailed information on ligand binding, signal induction or inhibition, as well as signal transduction, which is fundamental for understanding properties of different activity states. They are also supportive in the development of pharmacological strategies against dysfunctions at the receptors or in the associated signaling axis. Here, we summarize current structural information for the AT1R, AT2R, and ETBR to provide an improved molecular understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Speck
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michal Szczepek
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Kwiatkowski
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rusan Catar
- Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aurélie Philippe
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Scheerer
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Franco R, Morales P, Navarro G, Jagerovic N, Reyes-Resina I. The Binding Mode to Orthosteric Sites and/or Exosites Underlies the Therapeutic Potential of Drugs Targeting Cannabinoid CB2 Receptors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:852631. [PMID: 35250601 PMCID: PMC8889005 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.852631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical terms agonists and antagonists for G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) have often become misleading. Even the biased agonism concept does not describe all the possibilities already demonstrated for GPCRs. The cannabinoid CB2 receptor (CB2R) emerged as a promising target for a variety of diseases. Reasons for such huge potential are centered around the way drugs sit in the orthosteric and/or exosites of the receptor. On the one hand, a given drug in a specific CB2R conformation leads to a signaling cascade that differs qualitatively and/or quantitatively from that triggered by another drug. On the other hand, a given drug may lead to different signaling outputs in two different tissues (or cell contexts) in which the conformation of the receptor is affected by allosteric effects derived from interactions with other proteins or with membrane lipids. This highlights the pharmacological complexity of this receptor and the need to further unravel the binding mode of CB2R ligands in order to fine-tune signaling effects and therapeutic propositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- CiberNed. Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biolomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Rafael Franco,
| | - Paula Morales
- Medicinal Chemistry Institute, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- CiberNed. Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nadine Jagerovic
- Medicinal Chemistry Institute, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- CiberNed. Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biolomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Raïch I, Rivas-Santisteban R, Lillo A, Lillo J, Reyes-Resina I, Nadal X, Ferreiro-Vera C, de Medina VS, Majellaro M, Sotelo E, Navarro G, Franco R. Similarities and differences upon binding of naturally occurring Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-derivatives to cannabinoid CB 1 and CB 2 receptors. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105970. [PMID: 34758399 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have here assessed, using Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) for comparison, the effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (Δ9-THCA) and of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (Δ9-THCV) that is mediated by human versions of CB1, CB2, and CB1-CB2 receptor functional units, expressed in a heterologous system. Binding to the CB1 and CB2 receptors was addressed in living cells by means of a homogeneous assay. A biphasic competition curve for the binding to the CB2 receptor, was obtained for Δ9-THCV in cells expressing the two receptors. Signaling studies included cAMP level determination, activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and ß-arrestin recruitment were performed. The signaling triggered by Δ9-THCA and Δ9-THCV via individual receptors or receptor heteromers disclosed differential bias, i.e. the bias observed using a given phytocannabinoid depended on the receptor (CB1, CB2 or CB1-CB2) and on the compound used as reference to calculate the bias factor (Δ9-THC, a selective agonist or a non-selective agonist). These results are consistent with different binding modes leading to differential functional selectivity depending on the agonist structure, and the state (monomeric or heteromeric) of the cannabinoid receptor. In addition, on studying Gi-coupling we showed that Δ9-THCV and Δ9-THCA and Δ9-THCV were able to revert the effect of a selective CB2 receptor agonist, but only Δ9-THCV, and not Δ9-THCA, reverted the effect of arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA 100 nM) a selective agonist of the CB1 receptor. Overall, these results indicate that cannabinoids may have a variety of binding modes that results in qualitatively different effects depending on the signaling pathway that is engaged upon cannabinoid receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iu Raïch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Spanish National Institute of Health, Carlos iii, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Spanish National Institute of Health, Carlos iii, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Lillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Spanish National Institute of Health, Carlos iii, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt 39118, Germany
| | - Xavier Nadal
- Ethnophytotech Research & Consulting S.L.U., Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | - Maria Majellaro
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eddy Sotelo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rafael Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Spanish National Institute of Health, Carlos iii, 28034 Madrid, Spain; School of Chemistry. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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13
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Chatzigoulas A, Cournia Z. Rational design of allosteric modulators: Challenges and successes. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexios Chatzigoulas
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens Athens Greece
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Zoe Cournia
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens Athens Greece
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14
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Weinhart CG, Wifling D, Schmidt MF, Neu E, Höring C, Clark T, Gmeiner P, Keller M. Dibenzodiazepinone-type muscarinic receptor antagonists conjugated to basic peptides: Impact of the linker moiety and unnatural amino acids on M 2R selectivity. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113159. [PMID: 33571911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The family of human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (MRs) is characterized by a high sequence homology among the five subtypes (M1R-M5R), being the reason for a lack of subtype selective MR ligands. In continuation of our work on dualsteric dibenzodiazepinone-type M2R antagonists, a series of M2R ligands containing a dibenzodiazepinone pharmacophore linked to small basic peptides was synthesized (64 compounds). The linker moiety was varied with respect to length, number of basic nitrogens (0-2) and flexibility. Besides proteinogenic basic amino acids (Lys, Arg), shorter homologues of Lys and Arg, containing three and two methylene groups, respectively, as well as D-configured amino acids were incorporated. The type of linker had a marked impact on M2R affinity and also effected M2R selectivity. In contrast, the structure of the basic peptide rather determined M2R selectivity than M2R affinity. For example, the most M2R selective compound (UR-CG188, 89) with picomolar M2R affinity (pKi 9.60), exhibited a higher M2R selectivity (ratio of Ki M1R/M2R/M3R/M4R/M5R: 110:1:5200:55:2300) compared to the vast majority of reported M2R preferring MR ligands. For selected ligands, M2R antagonism was confirmed in a M2R miniG protein recruitment assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna G Weinhart
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Wifling
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian F Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer-Chemistry-Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eduard Neu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer-Chemistry-Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carina Höring
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer-Chemistry-Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max Keller
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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15
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Rahman S, Tomiyasu H, Wang CZ, Georghiou PE, Alodhayb A, Carpenter-Warren CL, Elsegood MRJ, Teat SJ, Redshaw C, Yamato T. Allosteric binding properties of a 1,3-alternate thiacalix[4]arene-based receptor having phenylthiourea and 2-pyridylmethyl moieties on opposite faces. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02991f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thiacalix[4]arene receptors with two thiourea moieties and two 2-pyridyl moieties exhibited a heteroditopic dinuclear receptor with F− and Ag+ ions by a positive allosteric effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shofiur Rahman
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjo-machi 1, Saga 840-8502, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Hirotsugu Tomiyasu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjo-machi 1, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Chuan-Zeng Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjo-machi 1, Saga 840-8502, Japan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
| | - Paris E. Georghiou
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Abdullah Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Simon J. Teat
- ALS, Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Road, Bereleley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Takehiko Yamato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjo-machi 1, Saga 840-8502, Japan
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16
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Morales P, Navarro G, Gómez‐Autet M, Redondo L, Fernández‐Ruiz J, Pérez‐Benito L, Cordomí A, Pardo L, Franco R, Jagerovic N. Discovery of Homobivalent Bitopic Ligands of the Cannabinoid CB 2 Receptor*. Chemistry 2020; 26:15839-15842. [PMID: 32794211 PMCID: PMC7756656 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Single chemical entities with potential to simultaneously interact with two binding sites are emerging strategies in medicinal chemistry. We have designed, synthesized and functionally characterized the first bitopic ligands for the CB2 receptor. These compounds selectively target CB2 versus CB1 receptors. Their binding mode was studied by molecular dynamic simulations and site-directed mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Morales
- Medicinal Chemistry InstituteSpanish Research CouncilMadridSpain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, CIBERNEDFaculty of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Marc Gómez‐Autet
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics UnitFaculty of MedicineUniversitat Autónoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Laura Redondo
- Medicinal Chemistry InstituteSpanish Research CouncilMadridSpain
| | - Javier Fernández‐Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CIBERNED, IRYCISFaculty of MedicineUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Laura Pérez‐Benito
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics UnitFaculty of MedicineUniversitat Autónoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Present address: Computational ChemistryJanssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V.Belgium
| | - Arnau Cordomí
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics UnitFaculty of MedicineUniversitat Autónoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Leonardo Pardo
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics UnitFaculty of MedicineUniversitat Autónoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, CIBERNEDFaculty of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CIBERNEDSchool of ChemistryUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Nadine Jagerovic
- Medicinal Chemistry InstituteSpanish Research CouncilMadridSpain
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17
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Ma H, Obeng S, Wang H, Zheng Y, Li M, Jali AM, Stevens DL, Dewey WL, Selley DE, Zhang Y. Application of Bivalent Bioisostere Concept on Design and Discovery of Potent Opioid Receptor Modulators. J Med Chem 2019; 62:11399-11415. [PMID: 31782922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we described the structural modification of previously identified μ opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist NAN, a 6α-N-7'-indolyl substituted naltrexamine derivative, and its 6β-N-2'-indolyl substituted analogue INTA by adopting the concept of "bivalent bioisostere". Three newly prepared opioid ligands, 25 (NBF), 31, and 38, were identified as potent MOR antagonists both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, these three compounds significantly antagonized DAMGO-induced intracellular calcium flux and displayed varying degrees of inhibition on cAMP production. Furthermore, NBF produced much less significant withdrawal effects than naloxone in morphine-pelleted mice. Molecular modeling studies revealed that these bivalent bioisosteres may adopt similar binding modes in the MOR and the "address" portions of them may have negative or positive allosteric modulation effects on the function of their "message" portions compared with NAN and INTA. Collectively, our successful application of the "bivalent bioisostere concept" identified a promising lead to develop novel therapeutic agents toward opioid use disorder treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Virginia Commonwealth University , 800 E Leigh Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - Samuel Obeng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Virginia Commonwealth University , 800 E Leigh Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - Huiqun Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Virginia Commonwealth University , 800 E Leigh Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Virginia Commonwealth University , 800 E Leigh Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - Mengchu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Virginia Commonwealth University , 800 E Leigh Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - Abdulmajeed M Jali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Virginia Commonwealth University , 410 North 12th Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - David L Stevens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Virginia Commonwealth University , 410 North 12th Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - William L Dewey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Virginia Commonwealth University , 410 North 12th Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - Dana E Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Virginia Commonwealth University , 410 North 12th Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Virginia Commonwealth University , 800 E Leigh Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
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18
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Presley C, Perry CK, Childress ES, Mulder MJ, Luscombe VB, Rodriguez AL, Niswender CM, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW. Evaluation of Synthetic Cytochrome P 450-Mimetic Metalloporphyrins To Facilitate "Biomimetic" Biotransformation of a Series of mGlu 5 Allosteric Ligands. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:12782-12789. [PMID: 31460402 PMCID: PMC6690571 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Allosteric ligands within a given chemotype can have the propensity to display a wide range of pharmacology, as well as unexpected changes in GPCR subtype selectivity, typically mediated by single-atom modifications to the ligand. Due to the unexpected nature of these "molecular switches", chemotypes with this property are typically abandoned in lead optimization. Recently, we have found that in vivo oxidative metabolism by CYP450s can also engender molecular switches within allosteric ligands, changing the mode of pharmacology and leading to unwanted toxicity. We required a higher-throughput approach to assess in vivo metabolic molecular switches, and we turned to a "synthetic liver", a 96 well kit of biomimetic catalysts (e.g., metalloporphyrins) to rapidly survey a broad panel of synthetic CYP450s' ability to oxidize/"metabolize" an mGlu5 PAM (VU0403602) known to undergo an in vivo CYP450-mediated molecular switch. While the synthetic CYP450s did generate a number of oxidative "metabolites" at known "hot spots", several of which proved to be pure mGlu5 PAMs comparable in potency to the parent, the known CYP450-mediated in vivo ago-PAM metabolite, namely, VU0453103, was not formed. Thus, this technology platform has potential to identify hot spots for oxidative metabolism and produce active metabolites of small-molecule ligands in a high-throughput, scalable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher
C. Presley
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry, and Vanderbilt Kennedy
Center, Vanderbilt University School of
Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Charles K. Perry
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry, and Vanderbilt Kennedy
Center, Vanderbilt University School of
Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Elizabeth S. Childress
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry, and Vanderbilt Kennedy
Center, Vanderbilt University School of
Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Matthew J. Mulder
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry, and Vanderbilt Kennedy
Center, Vanderbilt University School of
Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Vincent B. Luscombe
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry, and Vanderbilt Kennedy
Center, Vanderbilt University School of
Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Alice L. Rodriguez
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry, and Vanderbilt Kennedy
Center, Vanderbilt University School of
Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Colleen M. Niswender
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry, and Vanderbilt Kennedy
Center, Vanderbilt University School of
Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute
of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry, and Vanderbilt Kennedy
Center, Vanderbilt University School of
Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute
of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry, and Vanderbilt Kennedy
Center, Vanderbilt University School of
Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute
of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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19
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Schramm S, Agnetta L, Bermudez M, Gerwe H, Irmen M, Holze J, Littmann T, Wolber G, Tränkle C, Decker M. Novel BQCA- and TBPB-Derived M 1 Receptor Hybrid Ligands: Orthosteric Carbachol Differentially Regulates Partial Agonism. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1349-1358. [PMID: 31166078 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recently, investigations of the complex mechanisms of allostery have led to a deeper understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation and signaling processes. In this context, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are highly relevant due to their exemplary role in the study of allosteric modulation. In this work, we compare and discuss two sets of putatively dualsteric ligands, which were designed to connect carbachol to different types of allosteric ligands. We chose derivatives of TBPB [1-(1'-(2-tolyl)-1,4'-bipiperidin-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one] as M1 -selective putative bitopic ligands, and derivatives of benzyl quinolone carboxylic acid (BQCA) as an M1 positive allosteric modulator, varying the distance between the allosteric and orthosteric building blocks. Luciferase protein complementation assays demonstrated that linker length must be carefully chosen to yield either agonist or antagonist behavior. These findings may help to design biased signaling and/or different extents of efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schramm
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Luca Agnetta
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Bermudez
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hubert Gerwe
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Irmen
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 3, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Janine Holze
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 3, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Timo Littmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Tränkle
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 3, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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20
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Obeng S, Jali A, Zheng Y, Wang H, Schwienteck KL, Chen C, Stevens DL, Akbarali HI, Dewey WL, Banks ML, Liu-Chen LY, Selley DE, Zhang Y. Characterization of 17-Cyclopropylmethyl-3,14β-dihydroxy-4,5α-epoxy-6α-(indole-7-carboxamido)morphinan (NAN) as a Novel Opioid Receptor Modulator for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2518-2532. [PMID: 30758946 PMCID: PMC6520168 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The opioid crisis is a significant public health issue with more than 115 people dying from opioid overdose per day in the United States. The aim of the present study was to characterize the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects of 17-cyclopropylmethyl-3,14β-dihydroxy-4,5α-epoxy-6α-(indole-7-carboxamido)morphinan (NAN), a μ opioid receptor (MOR) ligand that may be a potential candidate for opioid use disorder treatment that produces less withdrawal signs than naltrexone. The efficacy of NAN was compared to varying efficacy ligands at the MOR, and determined at the δ opioid receptor (DOR) and κ opioid receptor (KOR). NAN was identified as a low efficacy partial agonist for G-protein activation at the MOR and DOR, but had relatively high efficacy at the KOR. In contrast to high efficacy MOR agonists, NAN did not induce MOR internalization, downregulation, or desensitization, but it antagonized agonist-induced MOR internalization and stimulation of intracellular Ca2+ release. Opioid withdrawal studies conducted using morphine-pelleted mice demonstrated that NAN precipitated significantly less withdrawal signs than naltrexone at similar doses. Furthermore, NAN failed to produce fentanyl-like discriminative stimulus effects in rats up to doses that produced dose- and time-dependent antagonism of fentanyl. Overall, these results provide converging lines of evidence that NAN functions mainly as a MOR antagonist and support further consideration of NAN as a candidate medication for opioid use disorder treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Obeng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Abdulmajeed Jali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Huiqun Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Kathryn L. Schwienteck
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Chongguang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - David L. Stevens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Hamid I. Akbarali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - William L. Dewey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Mathew L. Banks
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Lee-Yuan Liu-Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Dana E. Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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21
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Obeng S, Wang H, Jali A, Stevens DL, Akbarali HI, Dewey WL, Selley DE, Zhang Y. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of 6α- and 6β-Indolylacetamidonaltrexamine Derivatives as Bitopic Mu Opioid Receptor Modulators and Elaboration of the "Message-Address Concept" To Comprehend Their Functional Conversion. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1075-1090. [PMID: 30156823 PMCID: PMC6405326 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of numerous opioid ligands have shown that introduction of a methyl or ethyl group on the tertiary amino group at position 17 of the epoxymorphinan skeleton generally results in a mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonist while introduction of a cyclopropylmethyl group typically leads to an antagonist. Furthermore, it has been shown that introduction of heterocyclic ring systems at position 6 can favor antagonism. However, it was reported that 17-cyclopropylmethyl-3,14β-dihydroxy-4,5α-epoxy-6β-[(2'-indolyl)acetamido]morphinan (INTA), which bears a cyclopropylmethyl group at position 17 and an indole ring at position 6, acted as a MOR agonist. We herein report a SAR study on INTA with a series of its complementary derivatives to understand how introduction of an indole moiety with α or β linkage at position 6 of the epoxymorphinan skeleton may influence ligand function. Interestingly, one of INTA derivatives, compound 15 (NAN) was identified as a MOR antagonist both in vitro and in vivo. Molecular modeling studies revealed that INTA and NAN may interact with different domains of the MOR allosteric binding site. In addition, INTA may interact with W293 and N150 residues found in the orthosteric site to stabilize MOR activation conformation while NAN does not. These results suggest that INTA and NAN may be bitopic ligands and the type of allosteric interactions with the MOR influence their functional activity. These insights along with our enriched comprehension of the "message-address" concept will to benefit future ligand design.
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MESH Headings
- Allosteric Regulation/drug effects
- Allosteric Regulation/physiology
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemistry
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- CHO Cells
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Male
- Mice
- Narcotic Antagonists/chemistry
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Protein Binding/physiology
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/physiology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Obeng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Huiqun Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Abdulmajeed Jali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - David L. Stevens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Hamid I. Akbarali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - William L. Dewey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Dana E. Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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22
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Agnetta L, Bermudez M, Riefolo F, Matera C, Claro E, Messerer R, Littmann T, Wolber G, Holzgrabe U, Decker M. Fluorination of Photoswitchable Muscarinic Agonists Tunes Receptor Pharmacology and Photochromic Properties. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3009-3020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Agnetta
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Bermudez
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2 + 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabio Riefolo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlo Matera
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Claro
- Institut de Neurociències (INc) and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Regina Messerer
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Timo Littmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2 + 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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23
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Designing Hybrids Targeting the Cholinergic System by Modulating the Muscarinic and Nicotinic Receptors: A Concept to Treat Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123230. [PMID: 30544533 PMCID: PMC6320942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cholinergic hypothesis has been reported first being the cause of memory dysfunction in the Alzheimer's disease. Researchers around the globe have focused their attention on understanding the mechanisms of how this complicated system contributes to processes such as learning, memory, disorientation, linguistic problems, and behavioral issues in the indicated chronic neurodegenerative disease. The present review reports recent updates in hybrid molecule design as a strategy for selectively addressing multiple target proteins involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the study of their therapeutic relevance. The rationale and the design of the bifunctional compounds will be discussed in order to understand their potential as tools to investigate the role of the cholinergic system in AD.
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24
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Pulido D, Casadó-Anguera V, Pérez-Benito L, Moreno E, Cordomí A, López L, Cortés A, Ferré S, Pardo L, Casadó V, Royo M. Design of a True Bivalent Ligand with Picomolar Binding Affinity for a G Protein-Coupled Receptor Homodimer. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9335-9346. [PMID: 30257092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bivalent ligands have emerged as chemical tools to study G protein-coupled receptor dimers. Using a combination of computational, chemical, and biochemical tools, here we describe the design of bivalent ligand 13 with high affinity ( KDB1 = 21 pM) for the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) homodimer. Bivalent ligand 13 enhances the binding affinity relative to monovalent compound 15 by 37-fold, indicating simultaneous binding at both protomers. Using synthetic peptides with amino acid sequences of transmembrane (TM) domains of D2R, we provide evidence that TM6 forms the interface of the homodimer. Notably, the disturber peptide TAT-TM6 decreased the binding of bivalent ligand 13 by 52-fold and had no effect on monovalent compound 15, confirming the D2R homodimer through TM6 ex vivo. In conclusion, by using a versatile multivalent chemical platform, we have developed a precise strategy to generate a true bivalent ligand that simultaneously targets both orthosteric sites of the D2R homodimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pulido
- Biomaterials and Nanomedicine , Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) , Barcelona Science Park , 08028 Barcelona , Spain.,Combinatorial Chemistry Unit , Barcelona Science Park , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Verònica Casadó-Anguera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology , University of Barcelona , 08028 Barcelona , Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) , 08028 Barcelona , Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine , University of Barcelona (IBUB) , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Laura Pérez-Benito
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra , Spain
| | - Estefanía Moreno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology , University of Barcelona , 08028 Barcelona , Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) , 08028 Barcelona , Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine , University of Barcelona (IBUB) , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Arnau Cordomí
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra , Spain
| | - Laura López
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra , Spain
| | - Antoni Cortés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology , University of Barcelona , 08028 Barcelona , Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) , 08028 Barcelona , Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine , University of Barcelona (IBUB) , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Sergi Ferré
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program , National Institutes of Health , Baltimore , Maryland 21224 , United States
| | - Leonardo Pardo
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra , Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology , University of Barcelona , 08028 Barcelona , Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) , 08028 Barcelona , Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine , University of Barcelona (IBUB) , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Miriam Royo
- Biomaterials and Nanomedicine , Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) , Barcelona Science Park , 08028 Barcelona , Spain.,Combinatorial Chemistry Unit , Barcelona Science Park , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
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25
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Shibuya K, Kawamine K, Miura T, Ozaki C, Edano T, Mizuno K, Yoshinaka Y, Tsunenari Y. Design, synthesis and pharmacology of aortic-selective acyl-CoA: Cholesterol O-acyltransferase (ACAT/SOAT) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4001-4013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Alejandro Rodríguez-Soacha
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry; Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg; Würzburg 97074 Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry; Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg; Würzburg 97074 Germany
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27
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Lu S, Zhang J. Small Molecule Allosteric Modulators of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors: Drug–Target Interactions. J Med Chem 2018; 62:24-45. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyong Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
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28
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Bock A, Schrage R, Mohr K. Allosteric modulators targeting CNS muscarinic receptors. Neuropharmacology 2017; 136:427-437. [PMID: 28935216 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) which are broadly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and other tissues in the periphery. They emerge as important drug targets for a number of diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia. Muscarinic receptors are divided into five subtypes (M1-M5) of which M1-M4 have been crystalized. All subtypes possess at least one allosteric binding site which is located in the extracellular region of the receptor on top of the ACh (i.e. orthosteric) binding site. The former can be specifically targeted by chemical compounds (mostly small molecules) and binding of such allosteric modulators affects the affinity and/or efficacy of orthosteric ligands. This allows highly specific modulation of GPCR function and, from a drug discovery point of view, may be advantageous in terms of subtype selectivity and biased signaling. There is a plethora of allosteric modulators for all five muscarinic receptor subtypes. This review presents the basic principles of allosteric modulation of GPCRs on both the molecular and structural level focusing on allosteric modulators of the muscarinic receptor family. Further we discuss dualsteric (i.e. bitopic orthosteric/allosteric) ligands emphasizing their potential in modulating muscarinic receptor dynamics and signaling. The common mechanisms of muscarinic receptor allosteric modulation have been proven to be generalizable and are at play at many, if not all GPCRs. Given this paradigmatic role of muscarinic receptors we suggest that also new developments in muscarinic allosteric modulation may also be extended to other members of the GPCR superfamily. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Neuropharmacology on Muscarinic Receptors'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bock
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ramona Schrage
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Mohr
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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29
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Lee Y, Basith S, Choi S. Recent Advances in Structure-Based Drug Design Targeting Class A G Protein-Coupled Receptors Utilizing Crystal Structures and Computational Simulations. J Med Chem 2017; 61:1-46. [PMID: 28657745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest and most physiologically important integral membrane protein family, and these receptors respond to a wide variety of physiological and environmental stimuli. GPCRs are among the most critical therapeutic targets for numerous human diseases, and approximately one-third of the currently marketed drugs target this receptor family. The recent breakthroughs in GPCR structural biology have significantly contributed to our understanding of GPCR function, ligand binding, and pharmacological action as well as to the design of new drugs. This perspective highlights the latest advances in GPCR structures with a focus on the receptor-ligand interactions of each receptor family in class A nonrhodopsin GPCRs as well as the structural features for their activation, biased signaling, and allosteric mechanisms. The current state-of-the-art methodologies of structure-based drug design (SBDD) approaches in the GPCR research field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonji Lee
- National Leading Research Laboratory (NLRL) of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Shaherin Basith
- National Leading Research Laboratory (NLRL) of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Choi
- National Leading Research Laboratory (NLRL) of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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30
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Sakkal LA, Rajkowski KZ, Armen RS. Prediction of consensus binding mode geometries for related chemical series of positive allosteric modulators of adenosine and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:1209-1228. [PMID: 28130813 PMCID: PMC5403616 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Following insights from recent crystal structures of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, binding modes of Positive Allosteric Modulators (PAMs) were predicted under the assumption that PAMs should bind to the extracellular surface of the active state. A series of well-characterized PAMs for adenosine (A1 R, A2A R, A3 R) and muscarinic acetylcholine (M1 R, M5 R) receptors were modeled using both rigid and flexible receptor CHARMM-based molecular docking. Studies of adenosine receptors investigated the molecular basis of the probe-dependence of PAM activity by modeling in complex with specific agonist radioligands. Consensus binding modes map common pharmacophore features of several chemical series to specific binding interactions. These models provide a rationalization of how PAM binding slows agonist radioligand dissociation kinetics. M1 R PAMs were predicted to bind in the analogous M2 R PAM LY2119620 binding site. The M5 R NAM (ML-375) was predicted to bind in the PAM (ML-380) binding site with a unique induced-fit receptor conformation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon A. Sakkal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, 901 Walnut St. Suite 918. Philadelphia, PA 19170
| | - Kyle Z. Rajkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, 901 Walnut St. Suite 918. Philadelphia, PA 19170
| | - Roger S. Armen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, 901 Walnut St. Suite 918. Philadelphia, PA 19170
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31
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Agnetta L, Kauk M, Canizal MCA, Messerer R, Holzgrabe U, Hoffmann C, Decker M. Ein photoschaltbarer Ligand zur Regulierung der Rezeptoraktivierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Agnetta
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie; Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Michael Kauk
- Pharmakologie und Toxikologie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Versbacher Str. 9 97078 Würzburg Deutschland
- Rudolf Virchow Zentrum für Experimentelle Biomedizin; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Josef-Schneider-Str. 2 97080 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Maria Consuelo Alonso Canizal
- Pharmakologie und Toxikologie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Versbacher Str. 9 97078 Würzburg Deutschland
- Rudolf Virchow Zentrum für Experimentelle Biomedizin; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Josef-Schneider-Str. 2 97080 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Regina Messerer
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie; Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie; Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Pharmakologie und Toxikologie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Versbacher Str. 9 97078 Würzburg Deutschland
- Rudolf Virchow Zentrum für Experimentelle Biomedizin; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Josef-Schneider-Str. 2 97080 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB - Zentrum für Molekulare Biomedizin; Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Hans-Knöll-Str. 2 07745 Jena Deutschland
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie; Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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Agnetta L, Kauk M, Canizal MCA, Messerer R, Holzgrabe U, Hoffmann C, Decker M. A Photoswitchable Dualsteric Ligand Controlling Receptor Efficacy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7282-7287. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Agnetta
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry; Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Michael Kauk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg; Versbacher Strasse 9 97078 Würzburg Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine; Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg; Josef Schneider Strasse 2 97080 Würzburg Germany
| | - Maria Consuelo Alonso Canizal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg; Versbacher Strasse 9 97078 Würzburg Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine; Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg; Josef Schneider Strasse 2 97080 Würzburg Germany
| | - Regina Messerer
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry; Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry; Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg; Versbacher Strasse 9 97078 Würzburg Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine; Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg; Josef Schneider Strasse 2 97080 Würzburg Germany
- Current address: Institute for Molecular Cell Biology; CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine; University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Hans-Knöll-Strasse 2 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry; Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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Messerer R, Kauk M, Volpato D, Alonso Canizal MC, Klöckner J, Zabel U, Nuber S, Hoffmann C, Holzgrabe U. FRET Studies of Quinolone-Based Bitopic Ligands and Their Structural Analogues at the Muscarinic M 1 Receptor. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:833-843. [PMID: 28117571 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aiming to design partial agonists as well as allosteric modulators for the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine (M1AChR) receptor, two different series of bipharmacophoric ligands and their structural analogues were designed and synthesized. The hybrids were composed of the benzyl quinolone carboxylic acid (BQCA)-derived subtype selective allosteric modulator 3 and the orthosteric building block 4-((4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)oxy)-N,N-dimethylbut-2-yn-1-amine (base of iperoxo) 1 or the endogenous ligand 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acetate (base of acetylcholine) 2, respectively. The two pharmacophores were linked via alkylene chains of different lengths (C4, C6, C8, and C10). Furthermore, the corresponding structural analogues of 1 and 2 and of modified BQCA 3 with varying alkyl chain length between C2 and C10 were investigated. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements in a living single cell system were investigated in order to understand how these compounds interact with a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) on a molecular level and how the single moieties contribute to ligand receptor interaction. The characterization of the modified orthosteric ligands indicated that a linker attached to an orthoster rapidly attenuates the receptor response. Linker length elongation increases the receptor response of bitopic ligands, until reaching a maximum, followed by a gradual decrease. The optimal linker length was found to be six methylene groups at the M1AChR. A new conformational change is described that is not of inverse agonistic origin for long linker bitopic ligands and was further investigated by exceptional fragment-based screening approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Messerer
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kauk
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher
Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf
Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Volpato
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Consuelo Alonso Canizal
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher
Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf
Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jessika Klöckner
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Zabel
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher
Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf
Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Nuber
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher
Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf
Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher
Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf
Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Fronik P, Gaiser BI, Sejer Pedersen D. Bitopic Ligands and Metastable Binding Sites: Opportunities for G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR) Medicinal Chemistry. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4126-4134. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Fronik
- Department of Drug Design
and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgit I. Gaiser
- Department of Drug Design
and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Sejer Pedersen
- Department of Drug Design
and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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35
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Schrage R, Kostenis E. Functional selectivity and dualsteric/bitopic GPCR targeting. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 32:85-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Milligan G, Bolognini D, Sergeev E. Ligands at the Free Fatty Acid Receptors 2/3 (GPR43/GPR41). Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 236:17-32. [PMID: 27757758 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A large number of reviews and commentaries have highlighted the potential role of the short-chain fatty acid receptors GPR41 (FFA3) and, particularly, GPR43 (FFA2) as an interface between the intestinal microbiota and metabolic and inflammatory disorders. However, short-chain fatty acids have very modest potency and display limited selectivity between these two receptors, and studies on receptor knockout mice have resulted in non-uniform conclusions; therefore, selective and high-potency/high-affinity synthetic ligands are required to further explore the contribution of these receptors to health and disease. Currently no useful orthosteric ligands of FFA3 have been reported and although a number of orthosteric FFA2 agonists and antagonists have been described, a lack of affinity of different chemotypes of FFA2 antagonists at the mouse and rat orthologs of this receptor has hindered progress. Selective allosteric regulators of both FFA2 and FFA3 have provided tools to address a number of basic questions in both in vitro and ex vivo preparations, but at least some of the positive modulators appear to be biased and able to regulate only a subset of the functional capabilities of the short-chain fatty acids. Significant further progress is required to provide improved tool compounds to better assess potential translational opportunities of these receptors for short-chain fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK.
| | - Daniele Bolognini
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Eugenia Sergeev
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
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Holzgrabe U, Decker M. Bitopic muscarinic agonists and antagonists and uses thereof: a patent evaluation of US20160136145A1. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 27:121-125. [PMID: 27967250 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1272577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bitopic M ligands, that is, ligands that interact both with the ortho- and allosteric binding sites of the M receptor subtypes, hold great potential as novel selective for muscarinic acetylcholine (M) ligands for several therapeutic applications. Areas covered: The patent application describes a set of compounds based on the neurotransmitter acetylcholine applying the Schulman-model for M ligands comprising heterocyclic (often quaternary) amines and a benzene ring (often as benzoic acid esters) to act as bitopic ligands. The compounds claimed hold functional selectivity and are supposed to be therapeutically applied as neuromuscular blocking agents, in asthma as well as CNS diseases. In vitro evaluations of selected compounds supported bitopic binding and some degree of functional selectivity was observed - albeit no selectivity was observed in binding studies. Expert opinion: The quaternary amine structure of the compounds claimed will prohibit penetration into the CNS and their ester structure will lead to significant metabolic instability which will hamper therapeutic applications for many indications. Furthermore, high affinity and subtype selectivity with regard to binding affinity which is observed for bitopic and allosteric ligands in the current literature is not observed for the compounds described in the patent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Holzgrabe
- a Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , University of Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- a Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , University of Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany
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Seemann WK, Wenzel D, Schrage R, Etscheid J, Bödefeld T, Bartol A, Warnken M, Sasse P, Klöckner J, Holzgrabe U, DeAmici M, Schlicker E, Racké K, Kostenis E, Meyer R, Fleischmann BK, Mohr K. Engineered Context-Sensitive Agonism: Tissue-Selective Drug Signaling through a G Protein-Coupled Receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 360:289-299. [PMID: 28082514 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.237149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery strives for selective ligands to achieve targeted modulation of tissue function. Here we introduce engineered context-sensitive agonism as a postreceptor mechanism for tissue-selective drug action through a G protein-coupled receptor. Acetylcholine M2-receptor activation is known to mediate, among other actions, potentially dangerous slowing of the heart rate. This unwanted side effect is one of the main reasons that limit clinical application of muscarinic agonists. Herein we show that dualsteric (orthosteric/allosteric) agonists induce less cardiac depression ex vivo and in vivo than conventional full agonists. Exploration of the underlying mechanism in living cells employing cellular dynamic mass redistribution identified context-sensitive agonism of these dualsteric agonists. They translate elevation of intracellular cAMP into a switch from full to partial agonism. Designed context-sensitive agonism opens an avenue toward postreceptor pharmacologic selectivity, which even works in target tissues operated by the same subtype of pharmacologic receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke K Seemann
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Daniela Wenzel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Ramona Schrage
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Justine Etscheid
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Theresa Bödefeld
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Anna Bartol
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Mareille Warnken
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Philipp Sasse
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Jessica Klöckner
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Marco DeAmici
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Eberhard Schlicker
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Kurt Racké
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Rainer Meyer
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Klaus Mohr
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
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RGS10 Negatively Regulates Platelet Activation and Thrombogenesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165984. [PMID: 27829061 PMCID: PMC5102365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins act as GTPase activating proteins to negatively regulate G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. Although several RGS proteins including RGS2, RGS16, RGS10, and RGS18 are expressed in human and mouse platelets, the respective unique function(s) of each have not been fully delineated. RGS10 is a member of the D/R12 subfamily of RGS proteins and is expressed in microglia, macrophages, megakaryocytes, and platelets. We used a genetic approach to examine the role(s) of RGS10 in platelet activation in vitro and hemostasis and thrombosis in vivo. GPCR-induced aggregation, secretion, and integrin activation was much more pronounced in platelets from Rgs10-/- mice relative to wild type (WT). Accordingly, these mice had markedly reduced bleeding times and were more susceptible to vascular injury-associated thrombus formation than control mice. These findings suggest a unique, non-redundant role of RGS10 in modulating the hemostatic and thrombotic functions of platelets in mice. RGS10 thus represents a potential therapeutic target to control platelet activity and/or hypercoagulable states.
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40
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Zhang R, Wong K. High performance enzyme kinetics of turnover, activation and inhibition for translational drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 12:17-37. [PMID: 27784173 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1245721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Enzymes are the macromolecular catalysts of many living processes and represent a sizable proportion of all druggable biological targets. Enzymology has been practiced just over a century during which much progress has been made in both the identification of new enzymes and the development of novel methodologies for enzyme kinetics. Areas covered: This review aims to address several key practical aspects in enzyme kinetics in reference to translational drug discovery research. The authors first define what constitutes a high performance enzyme kinetic assay. The authors then review the best practices for turnover, activation and inhibition kinetics to derive critical parameters guiding drug discovery. Notably, the authors recommend global progress curve analysis of dose/time dependence employing an integrated Michaelis-Menten equation and global curve fitting of dose/dose dependence. Expert opinion: The authors believe that in vivo enzyme and substrate abundance and their dynamics, binding modality, drug binding kinetics and enzyme's position in metabolic networks should be assessed to gauge the translational impact on drug efficacy and safety. Integrating these factors in a systems biology and systems pharmacology model should facilitate translational drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumin Zhang
- a Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Kenny Wong
- a Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
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41
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Bock A, Bermudez M, Krebs F, Matera C, Chirinda B, Sydow D, Dallanoce C, Holzgrabe U, De Amici M, Lohse MJ, Wolber G, Mohr K. Ligand Binding Ensembles Determine Graded Agonist Efficacies at a G Protein-coupled Receptor. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16375-89. [PMID: 27298318 PMCID: PMC4965584 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.735431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors constitute the largest family of membrane receptors and modulate almost every physiological process in humans. Binding of agonists to G protein-coupled receptors induces a shift from inactive to active receptor conformations. Biophysical studies of the dynamic equilibrium of receptors suggest that a portion of receptors can remain in inactive states even in the presence of saturating concentrations of agonist and G protein mimetic. However, the molecular details of agonist-bound inactive receptors are poorly understood. Here we use the model of bitopic orthosteric/allosteric (i.e. dualsteric) agonists for muscarinic M2 receptors to demonstrate the existence and function of such inactive agonist·receptor complexes on a molecular level. Using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, dynophores (i.e. a combination of static three-dimensional pharmacophores and molecular dynamics-based conformational sampling), ligand design, and receptor mutagenesis, we show that inactive agonist·receptor complexes can result from agonist binding to the allosteric vestibule alone, whereas the dualsteric binding mode produces active receptors. Each agonist forms a distinct ligand binding ensemble, and different agonist efficacies depend on the fraction of purely allosteric (i.e. inactive) versus dualsteric (i.e. active) binding modes. We propose that this concept may explain why agonist·receptor complexes can be inactive and that adopting multiple binding modes may be generalized also to small agonists where binding modes will be only subtly different and confined to only one binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bock
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany,
| | - Marcel Bermudez
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2 und 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany,
| | - Fabian Krebs
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Carlo Matera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica "Pietro Pratesi," Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy, and
| | - Brian Chirinda
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominique Sydow
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2 und 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Clelia Dallanoce
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica "Pietro Pratesi," Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy, and
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco De Amici
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica "Pietro Pratesi," Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy, and
| | - Martin J Lohse
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2 und 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Mohr
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany,
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42
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Kleinau G, Müller A, Biebermann H. Oligomerization of GPCRs involved in endocrine regulation. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 57:R59-80. [PMID: 27151573 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
More than 800 different human membrane-spanning G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) serve as signal transducers at biological barriers. These receptors are activated by a wide variety of ligands such as peptides, ions and hormones, and are able to activate a diverse set of intracellular signaling pathways. GPCRs are of central importance in endocrine regulation, which underpins the significance of comprehensively studying these receptors and interrelated systems. During the last decade, the capacity for multimerization of GPCRs was found to be a common and functionally relevant property. The interaction between GPCR monomers results in higher order complexes such as homomers (identical receptor subtype) or heteromers (different receptor subtypes), which may be present in a specific and dynamic monomer/oligomer equilibrium. It is widely accepted that the oligomerization of GPCRs is a mechanism for determining the fine-tuning and expansion of cellular processes by modification of ligand action, expression levels, and related signaling outcome. Accordingly, oligomerization provides exciting opportunities to optimize pharmacological treatment with respect to receptor target and tissue selectivity or for the development of diagnostic tools. On the other hand, GPCR heteromerization may be a potential reason for the undesired side effects of pharmacological interventions, faced with numerous and common mutual signaling modifications in heteromeric constellations. Finally, detailed deciphering of the physiological occurrence and relevance of specific GPCR/GPCR-ligand interactions poses a future challenge. This review will tackle the aspects of GPCR oligomerization with specific emphasis on family A GPCRs involved in endocrine regulation, whereby only a subset of these receptors will be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Kleinau
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology (IEPE)Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology (IEPE)Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Biebermann
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology (IEPE)Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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43
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Milligan G, Shimpukade B, Ulven T, Hudson BD. Complex Pharmacology of Free Fatty Acid Receptors. Chem Rev 2016; 117:67-110. [PMID: 27299848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are historically the most successful family of drug targets. In recent times it has become clear that the pharmacology of these receptors is far more complex than previously imagined. Understanding of the pharmacological regulation of GPCRs now extends beyond simple competitive agonism or antagonism by ligands interacting with the orthosteric binding site of the receptor to incorporate concepts of allosteric agonism, allosteric modulation, signaling bias, constitutive activity, and inverse agonism. Herein, we consider how evolving concepts of GPCR pharmacology have shaped understanding of the complex pharmacology of receptors that recognize and are activated by nonesterified or "free" fatty acids (FFAs). The FFA family of receptors is a recently deorphanized set of GPCRs, the members of which are now receiving substantial interest as novel targets for the treatment of metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Further understanding of the complex pharmacology of these receptors will be critical to unlocking their ultimate therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Bharat Shimpukade
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Brian D Hudson
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
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44
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Allegretti M, Cesta MC, Locati M. Allosteric Modulation of Chemoattractant Receptors. Front Immunol 2016; 7:170. [PMID: 27199992 PMCID: PMC4852175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoattractants control selective leukocyte homing via interactions with a dedicated family of related G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Emerging evidence indicates that the signaling activity of these receptors, as for other GPCR, is influenced by allosteric modulators, which interact with the receptor in a binding site distinct from the binding site of the agonist and modulate the receptor signaling activity in response to the orthosteric ligand. Allosteric modulators have a number of potential advantages over orthosteric agonists/antagonists as therapeutic agents and offer unprecedented opportunities to identify extremely selective drug leads. Here, we resume evidence of allosterism in the context of chemoattractant receptors, discussing in particular its functional impact on functional selectivity and probe/concentration dependence of orthosteric ligands activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Massimo Locati
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
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45
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Matucci R, Nesi M, Martino MV, Bellucci C, Manetti D, Ciuti E, Mazzolari A, Dei S, Guandalini L, Teodori E, Vistoli G, Romanelli MN. Carbachol dimers as homobivalent modulators of muscarinic receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 108:90-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Guo D, Heitman LH, IJzerman AP. Kinetic Aspects of the Interaction between Ligand and G Protein-Coupled Receptor: The Case of the Adenosine Receptors. Chem Rev 2016; 117:38-66. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Guo
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry,
Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura H. Heitman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry,
Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P. IJzerman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry,
Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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47
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Rahman S, Tomiyasu H, Kawazoe H, Zhao JL, Cong H, Ni XL, Zeng X, Elsegood MRJ, Warwick TG, Teat SJ, Redshaw C, Georghiou PE, Yamato T. A study of anion binding behaviour of 1,3-alternate thiacalix[4]arene-based receptors bearing urea moieties. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00923a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Thiacalix[4]arene receptors with two urea moieties exhibited a high affinity towards all of the selected anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shofiur Rahman
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Saga University
- Saga 840-8502
- Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Tomiyasu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Saga University
- Saga 840-8502
- Japan
| | - Hiroto Kawazoe
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Saga University
- Saga 840-8502
- Japan
| | - Jiang-Lin Zhao
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Saga University
- Saga 840-8502
- Japan
| | - Hang Cong
- Department Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang
- China
| | - Xin-Long Ni
- Department Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang
- China
| | - Xi Zeng
- Department Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang
- China
| | | | | | | | | | - Paris E. Georghiou
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John’s
- Canada
| | - Takehiko Yamato
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Saga University
- Saga 840-8502
- Japan
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48
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Mistry SN, Shonberg J, Draper-Joyce CJ, Herenbrink CK, Michino M, Shi L, Christopoulos A, Capuano B, Scammells PJ, Lane JR. Discovery of a Novel Class of Negative Allosteric Modulator of the Dopamine D2 Receptor Through Fragmentation of a Bitopic Ligand. J Med Chem 2015; 58:6819-43. [PMID: 26258690 PMCID: PMC10823399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have demonstrated that N-((trans)-4-(2-(7-cyano-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (SB269652) (1) adopts a bitopic pose at one protomer of a dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) dimer to negatively modulate the binding of dopamine at the other protomer. The 1H-indole-2-carboxamide moiety of 1 extends into a secondary pocket between the extracellular ends of TM2 and TM7 within the D2R protomer. To target this putative allosteric site, we generated and characterized fragments that include and extend from the 1H-indole-2-carboxamide moiety of 1. N-Isopropyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (3) displayed allosteric pharmacology and sensitivity to mutations of the same residues at the top of TM2 as was observed for 1. Using 3 as an "allosteric lead", we designed and synthesized an extensive fragment library to generate novel SAR and identify N-butyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (11d), which displayed both increased negative cooperativity and affinity for the D2R. These data illustrate that fragmentation of extended compounds can expose fragments with purely allosteric pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh N. Mistry
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeremy Shonberg
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Draper-Joyce
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carmen Klein Herenbrink
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mayako Michino
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Capuano
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J. Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - J. Robert Lane
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
Opioids are the oldest and most potent drugs for the treatment of severe pain. Their clinical application is undisputed in acute (e.g., postoperative) and cancer pain, but their long-term use in chronic pain has met increasing scrutiny. This article reviews mechanisms underlying opioid analgesia and other opioid actions. It discusses the structure, function, and plasticity of opioid receptors; the central and peripheral sites of analgesic actions and side effects; endogenous and exogenous opioid receptor ligands; and conventional and novel opioid compounds. Challenging clinical situations, such as the tension between chronic pain and addiction, are also illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Stein
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12200 Berlin, Germany; .,Helmholtz Virtual Institute, Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, 14513 Teltow, Germany
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50
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The regulator of G-protein signaling 18 regulates platelet aggregation, hemostasis and thrombosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 462:378-82. [PMID: 25969426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins are known to interact with and negatively regulate/turn-off G protein activation. RGS18 is identified as an R4 subfamily member of this family with specific expression in hematopoietic progenitors, myeloerythroid cells, megakaryocytes and platelets. Studies focused on understanding its function in platelet biology have been limited, in part, due to lack of pharmacological inhibitors. Thus, the present study investigated the function of RGS18 in platelets, using the RGS18 knockout mouse model (RGS18(-/-)). We identified phenotypic differences between RGS18(-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice, and show that RGS18 plays a significant role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Hence, RGS18 deficiency markedly shortened bleeding as well as occlusion times (in vivo). Furthermore, RGS18(-/-) platelets displayed hyper-responsiveness with regards to agonist induced aggregation (in vitro). This gain of function phenotype may serve as the mechanism or explain, at least in part, the enhanced hemostasis and thrombosis phenotype observed in the RGS18 deletion mice. Collectively, our findings provide valuable insight and highlight a critical and direct role for RGS18 in modulating platelet function.
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