1
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Wang L, Sorum AW, Huang BS, Kern MK, Su G, Pawar N, Huang X, Liu J, Pohl NLB, Hsieh-Wilson LC. Efficient platform for synthesizing comprehensive heparan sulfate oligosaccharide libraries for decoding glycosaminoglycan-protein interactions. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1108-1117. [PMID: 37349377 PMCID: PMC10979459 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01248-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are abundant, ubiquitous carbohydrates in biology, yet their structural complexity has limited an understanding of their biological roles and structure-function relationships. Synthetic access to large collections of well defined, structurally diverse GAG oligosaccharides would provide critical insights into this important class of biomolecules and represent a major advance in glycoscience. Here we report a new platform for synthesizing large heparan sulfate (HS) oligosaccharide libraries displaying comprehensive arrays of sulfation patterns. Library synthesis is made possible by improving the overall synthetic efficiency through universal building blocks derived from natural heparin and a traceless fluorous tagging method for rapid purification with minimal manual manipulation. Using this approach, we generated a complete library of 64 HS oligosaccharides displaying all possible 2-O-, 6-O- and N-sulfation sequences in the tetrasaccharide GlcN-IdoA-GlcN-IdoA. These diverse structures provide an unprecedented view into the sulfation code of GAGs and identify sequences for modulating the activities of important growth factors and chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Alexander W Sorum
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Bo-Shun Huang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Mallory K Kern
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Guowei Su
- Glycan Therapeutics Corp, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Nitin Pawar
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicola L B Pohl
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Linda C Hsieh-Wilson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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2
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Sun L, Chopra P, Tomris I, van der Woude R, Liu L, de Vries RP, Boons GJ. Well-Defined Heparin Mimetics Can Inhibit Binding of the Trimeric Spike of SARS-CoV-2 in a Length-Dependent Manner. JACS AU 2023; 3:1185-1195. [PMID: 37101566 PMCID: PMC10089289 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants and the dangers of long-covid necessitate the development of broad-acting therapeutics that can reduce viral burden. SARS-CoV-2 employs heparan sulfate (HS) as an initial cellular attachment factor, and therefore, there is interest in developing heparin as a therapeutic for SARS-CoV-2. Its use is, however, complicated by structural heterogeneity and the risk of causing bleeding and thrombocytopenia. Here, we describe the preparation of well-defined heparin mimetics by a controlled head-to-tail assembly of HS oligosaccharides having an alkyne or azide moiety by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). Alkyne- and azide-containing sulfated oligosaccharides were prepared from a common precursor by modifying an anomeric linker with 4-pentynoic acid and by enzymatic extension with an N-acetyl-glucosamine having an azide moiety at C-6 (GlcNAc6N3), respectively, followed by CuAAC. The process of enzymatic extension with GlcNAc6N3 followed by CuAAC with the desired alkyne-containing oligosaccharides could be repeated to give compounds composed of 20 and 27 monosaccharides, respectively. The heparin mimetics could inhibit the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike or RBD to immobilized heparin or to Vero E6 cells. The inhibitory potency increased with increasing chain length, and a compound composed of four sulfated hexasaccharides linked by triazoles had a similar potency as unfractionated heparin. Sequence analysis and HS microarray binding studies with a wide range of RBDs of variants of concern indicate that they have maintained HS-binding capabilities and selectivities. The heparin mimetics exhibit no or reduced binding to antithrombin-III and platelet factor 4, respectively, which are associated with side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Sun
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pradeep Chopra
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, The University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Ilhan Tomris
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roosmarijn van der Woude
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lin Liu
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, The University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Robert P. de Vries
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, The University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Bijvoet
Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht
University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Chemistry
Department, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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3
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Nag A, Banerjee K, Barman R, Kar J, Sarkar DP, Jana SS, Ghosh S. Direct Correlation between the Secondary Structure of an Amphiphilic Polymer and Its Prominent Antiviral Activity. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:579-584. [PMID: 36524964 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An amphiphilic segmented polyurethane (F-PU-S), with pendant sulfate groups and a flexible hydrocarbon backbone, exhibits intrachain H-bonding-reinforced folding and hierarchical assembly, producing an anionic polymersome with efficient display of sulfate groups at the surface. It shows an excellent antiviral activity against Sendai virus (SV) by inhibiting its entry to the cells. Mechanistic investigation suggests fusion of the SV and the polymersome to produce larger particles in which neither the folded structure of the polymer nor the fusogenic property of the SV exists anymore. In sharp contrast, a structurally similar polymer R-PU-S, in which the chain folding pathway is blocked by replacing the flexible C6 chain with a rigid cyclohexane chain in the backbone, cannot form a similar polymersome structure and hence does not exhibit any antiviral activity. On the other hand, the third polymer (F-PU-C), which is similar to F-PU-S except for the pendant anionic groups (carboxylate instead of sulfate), also fails to exhibit any antiviral activity against SV, confirming the essential role of the chain folding as well as the pendant sulfate groups for the fusion-induced antiviral activity of F-PU-S, which provides an important structural guideline for developing new antiviral polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish Nag
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Kumarjeet Banerjee
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Ranajit Barman
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Joy Kar
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Debi P Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Siddhartha Sankar Jana
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
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4
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Zhang J, Liang L, Yang W, Ramadan S, Baryal K, Huo C, Bernard JJ, Liu J, Hsieh‐Wilson L, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Huang X. Expedient Synthesis of a Library of Heparan Sulfate-Like "Head-to-Tail" Linked Multimers for Structure and Activity Relationship Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209730. [PMID: 36199167 PMCID: PMC9675719 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) plays important roles in many biological processes. The inherent complexity of naturally existing HS has severely hindered the thorough understanding of their structure-activity relationship. To facilitate biological studies, a new strategy has been developed to synthesize a HS-like pseudo-hexasaccharide library, where HS disaccharides were linked in a "head-to-tail" fashion from the reducing end of a disaccharide module to the non-reducing end of a neighboring module. Combinatorial syntheses of 27 HS-like pseudo-hexasaccharides were achieved. This new class of compounds bound with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) with similar structure-activity trends as HS oligosaccharides bearing native glycosyl linkages. The ease of synthesis and the ability to mirror natural HS activity trends suggest that the new head-to-tail linked pseudo-oligosaccharides could be an exciting tool to facilitate the understanding of HS biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Zhang
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyCenter for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA
| | - Weizhun Yang
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA
| | - Sherif Ramadan
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA,Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceBenha UniversityBenhaQaliobiya13518Egypt
| | - Kedar Baryal
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA
| | - Chang‐Xin Huo
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA
| | - Jamie J. Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryEshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27599USA
| | - Linda Hsieh‐Wilson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91125USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyCenter for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyCenter for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA,Institute for Quantitative Health Science and EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA,Department of Biomedical EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA
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5
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Sun L, Chopra P, Boons G. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides having a Domain Structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211112. [PMID: 36148891 PMCID: PMC9828060 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) has a domain structure in which regions that are modified by epimerization and sulfonation (NS domains) are interspersed by unmodified fragments (NA domains). There is data to support that domain organization of HS can regulate binding of proteins, however, such model has been difficult to probe. Here, we report a chemoenzymatic methodology that can provide HS oligosaccharides composed of two or more NS domains separated by NA domains of different length. It is based on the chemical synthesis of a HS oligosaccharide that enzymatically was extended by various GlcA-GlcNAc units and terminated in GlcNAc having an azido moiety at C-6 position. HS oligosaccharides having an azide and alkyne moiety could be assembled by copper catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition to give compounds having various NS domains separated by unsulfonated regions. Competition binding studies showed that the length of an NA domain modulates the binding of the chemokines CCL5 and CXCL8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Sun
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht University3584 CGUtrecht (TheNetherlands
| | - Pradeep Chopra
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA-30602USA
| | - Geert‐Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht University3584 CGUtrecht (TheNetherlands,Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA-30602USA,Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular ResearchUtrecht UniversityUtrecht (TheNetherlands,Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA-30602USA
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6
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Hoffmann M, Snyder NL, Hartmann L. Polymers Inspired by Heparin and Heparan Sulfate for Viral Targeting. Macromolecules 2022; 55:7957-7973. [PMID: 36186574 PMCID: PMC9520969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Hoffmann
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole L. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035, United States
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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7
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Hoffmann M, Snyder NL, Hartmann L. Glycosaminoglycan Mimetic Precision Glycomacromolecules with Sequence-Defined Sulfation and Rigidity Patterns. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4004-4014. [PMID: 35959886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) such as heparan sulfate (HS) are structurally diverse linear polysaccharides that are involved in many biological processes and have gained interest as antiviral compounds. Their recognition is driven by a complex orchestra of structural parameters that are still under intense investigation. One distinct characteristic is the incorporation of sulfation patterns including highly sulfated and non-sulfated sequences that provide variations in flexibility and conformation, which in turn impact the biological function of sGAGs. However, these distinct features have not yet been fully realized in the synthetic preparation of sGAG mimetics. Here, we present the synthesis of three groups of sulfated glycomacromolecules as sGAG mimetics: (i) globally sulfated glycooligomers, (ii) glycooligomers with sequence-defined sulfation patterns, and (iii) a globally sulfated glycooligomer-oligo-L-proline hybrid structure. The complete synthesis, including chemical sulfation, was conducted on solid support, enabled by the introduction of a commercially available photocleavable linker allowing for the preservation of sensitive sulfates during cleavage of the products. Structures were obtained in good purity and with high degrees of sulfation demonstrating the wide applicability of this methodology to prepare tailor-made sulfated glycomacromolecules and similar sGAG mimetics. Structures were tested for their anticoagulant properties showing activity similar to their natural HS counterpart and significantly lower than HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Hoffmann
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole L Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035, United States
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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8
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Griffin ME, Hsieh-Wilson LC. Tools for mammalian glycoscience research. Cell 2022; 185:2657-2677. [PMID: 35809571 PMCID: PMC9339253 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellular carbohydrates or glycans are critical mediators of biological function. Their remarkably diverse structures and varied activities present exciting opportunities for understanding many areas of biology. In this primer, we discuss key methods and recent breakthrough technologies for identifying, monitoring, and manipulating glycans in mammalian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Linda C. Hsieh-Wilson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 92115, USA,Correspondence: (L.C.H.W.)
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9
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Loka RS, Song Z, Sletten ET, Kayal Y, Vlodavsky I, Zhang K, Nguyen HM. Heparan Sulfate Mimicking Glycopolymer Prevents Pancreatic β Cell Destruction and Suppresses Inflammatory Cytokine Expression in Islets under the Challenge of Upregulated Heparanase. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1387-1400. [PMID: 35658404 PMCID: PMC9251817 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease in which the levels of blood glucose are too high because the body does not effectively produce insulin to meet its needs or is resistant to insulin. β Cells in human pancreatic islets produce insulin, which signals glucogen production by the liver and causes muscles and fat to uptake glucose. Progressive loss of insulin-producing β cells is the main cause of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Heparan sulfate (HS) is a ubiquitous polysaccharide found at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of a variety of tissues. HS binds to and assembles proteins in ECM, thus playing important roles in the integrity of ECM (particularly basement membrane), barrier function, and ECM-cell interactions. Islet HS is highly expressed by the pancreatic β cells and critical for the survival of β cells. Heparanase is an endoglycosidase and cleaves islet HS in the pancreas, resulting in β-cell death and oxidative stress. Heparanase could also accelerate β-cell death by promoting cytokine release from ECM and secretion by activated inflammatory and endothelial cells. We demonstrate that HS-mimicking glycopolymer, a potent heparanase inhibitor, improves the survival of cultured mouse pancreatic β cells and protects HS contents under the challenge of heparanase in human pancreatic islets. Moreover, this HS-mimicking glycopolymer reduces the expression levels of cytokines (IL8, IL1β, and TNFα) and the gene encoding Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) in human pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S Loka
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Zhenfeng Song
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Eric T Sletten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Yasmin Kayal
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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10
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Varghese M, Haque F, Lu W, Grinstaff MW. Synthesis and Characterization of Regioselectively Functionalized Mono-Sulfated and -Phosphorylated Anionic Poly-Amido-Saccharides. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2075-2088. [PMID: 35420791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are abundant in nature and employed in various biomedical applications ranging from scaffolds for tissue engineering to carriers for drug delivery systems. However, drawbacks such as tedious isolation protocols, contamination, batch-to-batch consistency, and lack of compositional control with regards to stereo- and regioselectivity impede the development and utility of polysaccharides, and thus mimetics are highly sought after. We report a synthetic strategy to regioselectively functionalize poly-amido-saccharides with sulfate or phosphate groups using post-polymerization modification reactions. Orthogonally protected β-lactam monomers, synthesized from D-glucal, undergo anionic ring-opening polymerization to yield polymers with degrees of polymerization of 12, 25, and 50. Regioselective deprotection followed by functionalization and global deprotection affords the sulfated and phosphorylated poly-amido-saccharides. The resulting anionic polymers are water soluble and non-cytotoxic and adopt helical conformations. This new methodology provides access to otherwise inaccessible functional polysaccharide mimetics for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Varghese
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Farihah Haque
- Tosoh Bioscience LLC, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-4705, United States
| | - Wei Lu
- Tosoh Bioscience LLC, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-4705, United States
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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11
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Yu X, Su Q, Chang X, Chen K, Yuan P, Liu T, Tian R, Bai Y, Zhang Y, Chen X. Multimodal obstruction of tumorigenic energy supply via bionic nanocarriers for effective tumor therapy. Biomaterials 2021; 278:121181. [PMID: 34653932 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sufficient energy generation based on effective transport of nutrient via abundant blood vessels in tumor tissue and subsequent oxidative metabolism in mitochondria is critical for growth, proliferation and migration of tumor. Thus the strategy to cut off this transport pathway (blood vessels) and simultaneously close the power house (mitochondria) is highly desired for tumor treatment. Herein, we fabricated a bionic nanocarrier with core-shell-corona structure to give selective and effective tumor therapy via stepwise destruction of existed tumor vessel, inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and dysfunction of tumor mitochondria. The core of this bionic nanocarrier consists of combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) and vitamin K2 (VK2) co-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSNs), which is in charge of the vasculature destruction and mitochondrial dysfunction after cargos release. The N-tert-butylacrylamide (TBAM) and tri-sulfated N-acetylglucosamine (TSAG) shell served as artificial affinity reagent against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for angiogenesis inhibition. As to guarantee that these actions only happened in tumor, the hyaluronic acid (HA) corona was introduced to endow the nanocarrier with tumor targeting property and stimuli-responsiveness for accurate therapy. Both in vitro and in vivo results indicated that the CA4P/VK2-MSNs-TBAM/TSAG-HA (CVMMGH for short) nanocarrier combined well-controllable manipulation of tumor vasculature and tumor mitochondria to effectivly cut off the tumorigenic energy supply, which performed significant inhibition of tumor growth, demonstrating the great candidate of our strategy for effective tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Institute of Polymer Science in Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qi Su
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Institute of Polymer Science in Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Kun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Pingyun Yuan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Institute of Polymer Science in Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Institute of Polymer Science in Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ran Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Institute of Polymer Science in Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yongkang Bai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Institute of Polymer Science in Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Institute of Polymer Science in Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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12
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Varghese M, Rokosh RS, Haller CA, Chin SL, Chen J, Dai E, Xiao R, Chaikof EL, Grinstaff MW. Sulfated poly-amido-saccharides (sulPASs) are anticoagulants in vitro and in vivo. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12719-12725. [PMID: 34703558 PMCID: PMC8494039 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02302k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Anticoagulant therapeutics are a mainstay of modern surgery and of clotting disorder management such as venous thrombosis, yet performance and supply limitations exist for the most widely used agent - heparin. Herein we report the first synthesis, characterization, and performance of sulfated poly-amido-saccharides (sulPASs) as heparin mimetics. sulPASs inhibit the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, specifically FXa and FXIa, as revealed by ex vivo human plasma clotting assays and serine protease inhibition assays. sulPASs activity positively correlates with molecular weight and degree of sulfation. Importantly, sulPASs are not degraded by heparanases and are non-hemolytic. In addition, their activity is reversed by protamine sulfate, unlike small molecule anticoagulants. In an in vivo murine model, sulPASs extend clotting time in a dose dependent manner with bleeding risk comparable to heparin. These findings support continued development of synthetic anticoagulants to address the clinical risks and shortages associated with heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Varghese
- Departments of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Medicine, Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Rae S Rokosh
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering of Harvard University Boston MA USA mailto:
| | - Carolyn A Haller
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering of Harvard University Boston MA USA mailto:
| | - Stacy L Chin
- Departments of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Medicine, Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Jiaxuan Chen
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering of Harvard University Boston MA USA mailto:
| | - Erbin Dai
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering of Harvard University Boston MA USA mailto:
| | - Ruiqing Xiao
- Departments of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Medicine, Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Elliot L Chaikof
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering of Harvard University Boston MA USA mailto:
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Departments of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Medicine, Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
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13
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Yu M, Zhang T, Li JP, Tan Y. Elucidating the Binding Mode between Heparin and Inflammatory Cytokines by Molecular Modeling. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:966-975. [PMID: 34596979 PMCID: PMC8485826 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) interacts with a broad spectrum of inflammatory cytokines, thereby modulating their biological activities. It is believed that there is a structural-functional correlation between each protein and sugar sequences in the HS polysaccharides, however, the information in this regard is limited. In this study, we compared the binding of four inflammatory cytokines (CCL8, IL-1beta, IL-2 and IL-6) to immobilized heparin by an SPR analysis. To define the molecular base of the binding, we used a heparin pentasaccharide as representative structure to dock into the 3D-molecular structure of the cytokines. The results show a discrepancy in KD values obtained by SPR analysis and theoretical calculation, pointing to the importance to apply more than one method when describing affinity between proteins and HS. By cluster analysis of the complex formed between the pentasaccharide and cytokines, we have identified several groups in heparin forming strong hydrogen bonds with all four cytokines, which is a significant finding. This molecular and conformational information should be valuable for rational design of HS/heparin-mimetics to interfere cytokine-HS interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjia Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tianji Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yingxia Tan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100000, China
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14
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Su L, Feng Y, Wei K, Xu X, Liu R, Chen G. Carbohydrate-Based Macromolecular Biomaterials. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10950-11029. [PMID: 34338501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are the most abundant and one of the most important biomacromolecules in Nature. Except for energy-related compounds, carbohydrates can be roughly divided into two categories: Carbohydrates as matter and carbohydrates as information. As matter, carbohydrates are abundantly present in the extracellular matrix of animals and cell walls of various plants, bacteria, fungi, etc., serving as scaffolds. Some commonly found polysaccharides are featured as biocompatible materials with controllable rigidity and functionality, forming polymeric biomaterials which are widely used in drug delivery, tissue engineering, etc. As information, carbohydrates are usually referred to the glycans from glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans, which bind to proteins or other carbohydrates, thereby meditating the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. These glycans could be simplified as synthetic glycopolymers, glycolipids, and glycoproteins, which could be afforded through polymerization, multistep synthesis, or a semisynthetic strategy. The information role of carbohydrates can be demonstrated not only as targeting reagents but also as immune antigens and adjuvants. The latter are also included in this review as they are always in a macromolecular formulation. In this review, we intend to provide a relatively comprehensive summary of carbohydrate-based macromolecular biomaterials since 2010 while emphasizing the fundamental understanding to guide the rational design of biomaterials. Carbohydrate-based macromolecules on the basis of their resources and chemical structures will be discussed, including naturally occurring polysaccharides, naturally derived synthetic polysaccharides, glycopolymers/glycodendrimers, supramolecular glycopolymers, and synthetic glycolipids/glycoproteins. Multiscale structure-function relationships in several major application areas, including delivery systems, tissue engineering, and immunology, will be detailed. We hope this review will provide valuable information for the development of carbohydrate-based macromolecular biomaterials and build a bridge between the carbohydrates as matter and the carbohydrates as information to promote new biomaterial design in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Su
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Yingle Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Kongchang Wei
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Department of Materials meet Life, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Xuyang Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rongying Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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15
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Rojo J, Nieto PM, de Paz JL. GAG Multivalent Systems to interact with Langerin. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1173-1192. [PMID: 34225602 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210705143102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Langerin is a C-type Lectin expressed at the surface of Langerhans cells, which play a pivotal role in protecting organisms against pathogen infections. To address this aim, Langerin presents at least two recognition sites, one Ca2+-dependent and another one independent, capable of recognizing a variety of carbohydrate ligands. In contrast to other lectins, Langerin recognizes sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), a family of complex and heterogeneous polysaccharides present in the cell membrane and the extracellular matrix at the interphase generated in the trimeric form of Langerin but absent in the monomeric form. The complexity of these oligosaccharides has impeded the development of well-defined monodisperse structures to study these interaction processes. However, in the last few decades, an improvement of synthetic developments to achieve the preparation of carbohydrate multivalent systems mimicking the GAGs has been described. Despite all these contributions, very few examples are reported where the GAG multivalent structures are used to evaluate the interaction with Langerin. These molecules should pave the way to explore these GAG-Langerin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rojo
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Pedro M Nieto
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - José Luis de Paz
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain
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16
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Collis DWP, Yilmaz G, Yuan Y, Monaco A, Ochbaum G, Shi Y, O'Malley C, Uzunova V, Napier R, Bitton R, Becer CR, Azevedo HS. Hyaluronan (HA)-inspired glycopolymers as molecular tools for studying HA functions. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:568-576. [PMID: 34458800 PMCID: PMC8341579 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00223b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), the only non-sulphated glycosaminoglycan, serves numerous structural and biological functions in the human body, from providing viscoelasticity in tissues to creating hydrated environments for cell migration and proliferation. HA is also involved in the regulation of morphogenesis, inflammation and tumorigenesis through interactions with specific HA-binding proteins. Whilst the physicochemical and biological properties of HA have been widely studied for decades, the exact mechanisms by which HA exerts its multiple functions are not completely understood. Glycopolymers offer a simple and precise synthetic platform for the preparation of glycan analogues, being an alternative to the demanding synthetic chemical glycosylation. A library of homo, statistical and alternating HA glycopolymers were synthesised by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerisation and post-modification utilising copper alkyne-azide cycloaddition to graft orthogonal pendant HA monosaccharides (N-acetyl glucosamine: GlcNAc and glucuronic acid: GlcA) onto the polymer. Using surface plasmon resonance, the binding of the glycopolymers to known HA-binding peptides and proteins (CD44, hyaluronidase) was assessed and compared to carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins). These studies revealed potential structure-binding relationships between HA monosaccharides and HA receptors and novel HA binders, such as Dectin-1 and DEC-205 lectins. The inhibitory effect of HA glycopolymers on hyaluronidase (HAase) activity was also investigated suggesting GlcNAc- and GlcA-based glycopolymers as potential HAase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic W P Collis
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
| | - Yichen Yuan
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | - Alessandra Monaco
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
| | - Guy Ochbaum
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Ilza Katz, Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Yejiao Shi
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | - Clare O'Malley
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
| | | | - Richard Napier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
| | - Ronit Bitton
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Ilza Katz, Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - C Remzi Becer
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
| | - Helena S Azevedo
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS UK
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17
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Gockel LM, Heyes M, Li H, Al Nahain A, Gorzelanny C, Schlesinger M, Holdenrieder S, Li JP, Ferro V, Bendas G. Inhibition of Tumor-Host Cell Interactions Using Synthetic Heparin Mimetics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:7080-7093. [PMID: 33533245 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is the guideline-based drug for antithrombotic treatment of cancer patients, while its direct antitumor effects are a matter of ongoing debate. Although therapeutically established for decades, LMWH has several drawbacks mainly associated with its origin from animal sources. Aiming to overcome these limitations, a library of synthetic heparin mimetic polymers consisting of homo- and copolymers of sulfonated and carboxylated noncarbohydrate monomers has recently been synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. These heparin mimetics were investigated for their capacities to interfere with simulated steps of tumor cell metastasis. Among them, homo- and copolymers from sodium 4-styrenesulfonate (poly(SSS)) with acrylic acid (poly(SSS-co-AA)) with an MW between 5 and 50 kDa efficiently attenuated cancer cell-induced coagulation and thus platelet activation and degranulation similar to or even better than LMWH. Furthermore, independent of anticoagulant activities, these polymers affected other metastasis-relevant targets with impressive affinities. Hence, they blocked heparanase enzymatic activity outmatching commercial heparins or a glycosidic drug candidate. Furthermore, these polymers bind P-selectin and the integrin VLA-4 similar to or even better than heparin, indicated by a biosensor approach and thus efficiently blocked melanoma cell binding to endothelium under blood flow conditions. This is the first report on the prospects of synthetic heparin mimetics as promising nontoxic compounds in oncology to potentially substitute heparin as an anticoagulant and to better understand its role as an antimetastatic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas M Gockel
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Heyes
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Honglian Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, SciLifeLab Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Abdullah Al Nahain
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Christian Gorzelanny
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schlesinger
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- The German Heart Centre of Technical University Munich, Laboratory Medicine, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, SciLifeLab Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Gerd Bendas
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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18
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Choi W, Sun H, Battistella C, Berger O, Vratsanos MA, Wang MM, Gianneschi NC. Biomolecular Densely Grafted Brush Polymers: Oligonucleotides, Oligosaccharides and Oligopeptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19762-19772. [PMID: 32436259 PMCID: PMC11042487 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this Minireview, we describe synthetic polymers densely functionalized with sequence-defined biomolecular sidechains. We focus on synthetic brush polymers of oligonucleotides, oligosaccharides, and oligopeptides, prepared via graft-through polymerization from biomolecule functionalized monomers. The resulting structures are brush polymers wherein a biomolecular graft is positioned at each monomer backbone unit. We describe key synthetic milestones, identify synthetic opportunities, and highlight recent advances in the field, including biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonmin Choi
- Department Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Hao Sun
- Department Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Claudia Battistella
- Department Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Or Berger
- Department Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Maria A. Vratsanos
- Department Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Max M. Wang
- Department Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
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19
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Choi W, Sun H, Battistella C, Berger O, Vratsanos MA, Wang MM, Gianneschi NC. Biomolecular Densely Grafted Brush Polymers: Oligonucleotides, Oligosaccharides and Oligopeptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wonmin Choi
- Department Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Hao Sun
- Department Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Claudia Battistella
- Department Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Or Berger
- Department Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Maria A. Vratsanos
- Department Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Max M. Wang
- Department Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
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20
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Wang D, Xu Y, Lin YJ, Yilmaz G, Zhang J, Schmidt G, Li Q, Thomson JA, Turng LS. Biologically Functionalized Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Blood Vessel Grafts. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3807-3816. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Wang
- School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research of Micro−Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Yiyang Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Yu-Jyun Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Galip Yilmaz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Jue Zhang
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - George Schmidt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Qian Li
- School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research of Micro−Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - James A. Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
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21
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Zhu S, Li J, Loka RS, Song Z, Vlodavsky I, Zhang K, Nguyen HM. Modulating Heparanase Activity: Tuning Sulfation Pattern and Glycosidic Linkage of Oligosaccharides. J Med Chem 2020; 63:4227-4255. [PMID: 32216347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Heparanase cleaves polymeric heparan sulfate (HS) molecules into smaller oligosaccharides, allowing for release of angiogenic growth factors promoting tumor development and autoreactive immune cells to reach the insulin-producing β cells. Interaction of heparanase with HS chains is regulated by specific substrate sulfation sequences. We have synthesized 11 trisaccharides that are highly tunable in structure and sulfation pattern, allowing us to determine how heparanase recognizes HS substrate and selects a favorable cleavage site. Our study shows that (1) N-SO3- at +1 subsite and 6-O-SO3- at -2 subsite of trisaccharides are critical for heparanase recognition, (2) addition of 2-O-SO3- at the -1 subsite and of 3-O-SO3- to GlcN unit is not advantageous, and (3) the anomeric configuration (α or β) at the reducing end is crucial in controlling heparanase activity. Our study also illustrates that the α-trisaccharide having N- and 6-O-SO3- at -2 and +1 subsites inhibited heparanase and was resistant toward hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Ravi S Loka
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Zhenfeng Song
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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22
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Soria-Martinez L, Bauer S, Giesler M, Schelhaas S, Materlik J, Janus K, Pierzyna P, Becker M, Snyder NL, Hartmann L, Schelhaas M. Prophylactic Antiviral Activity of Sulfated Glycomimetic Oligomers and Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5252-5265. [PMID: 32105452 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the potential of highly sulfated synthetic glycomimetics to act as inhibitors of viral binding/infection. Our results indicate that both long-chain glycopolymers and short-chain glycooligomers are capable of preventing viral infection. Notably, glycopolymers efficiently inhibit Human Papillomavirus (HPV16) infection in vitro and maintain their antiviral activity in vivo, while the glycooligomers exert their inhibitory function post attachment of viruses to cells. Moreover, when we tested the potential for broader activity against several other human pathogenic viruses, we observed broad-spectrum antiviral activity of these compounds beyond our initial assumptions. While the compounds tested displayed a range of antiviral efficacies, viruses with rather diverse glycan specificities such as Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), Influenza A Virus (IAV), and Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV) could be targeted. This opens new opportunities to develop broadly active glycomimetic inhibitors of viral entry and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Soria-Martinez
- Institute of Cellular Virology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.,Research Group "ViroCarb: glycans controlling non-enveloped virus infections" (FOR2327), Coordinating University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Markus Giesler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Sonja Schelhaas
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre CiMIC, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Jennifer Materlik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Kevin Janus
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Patrick Pierzyna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Miriam Becker
- Institute of Cellular Virology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.,Research Group "ViroCarb: glycans controlling non-enveloped virus infections" (FOR2327), Coordinating University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - Nicole L Snyder
- Research Group "ViroCarb: glycans controlling non-enveloped virus infections" (FOR2327), Coordinating University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035, United States
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Research Group "ViroCarb: glycans controlling non-enveloped virus infections" (FOR2327), Coordinating University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Mario Schelhaas
- Institute of Cellular Virology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.,Research Group "ViroCarb: glycans controlling non-enveloped virus infections" (FOR2327), Coordinating University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre CiMIC, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
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23
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Miyagawa A, Yamamura H. Synthesis of β-1,3-glucan mimics by β-1,3-glucan trisaccharyl monomer polymerization. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 227:115105. [PMID: 31590847 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
β-1,3-Glucans are important as immunostimulating agents in living organisms. The multivalent binding of β-1,3-glucans to dectin-1, a cell surface receptor, activates immunological defenses. To study artificial immunostimulating agents, glycopolymers carrying β-1,3-glucan trisaccharides as artificial ligands were synthesized. The β-1,3-glucan trisaccharide, defined as an active unit of β-1,3-glucan, was constructed from D-glucose by glycosylation. A norbornene group was introduced as a polymerizable group into the trisaccharide derivative at the aglycone. The prepared endo/exo norbornene stereoisomers of the monomers were separated by silica gel chromatography and identified by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The synthesized glycosyl monomers were polymerized and copolymerized with norbornene using 2nd generation Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst, deprotected, and purified by gel filtration to prepare water-soluble glycopolymers of varied compositions and high molecular weights. These polymers will have the potential for multivalent binding to dectin-1 to activate immune response and facilitate studies to understand the binding mechanisms of β-1,3-glucans with dectin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Miyagawa
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Hatsuo Yamamura
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555, Japan.
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24
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Nahain AA, Ignjatovic V, Monagle P, Tsanaktsidis J, Vamvounis G, Ferro V. Anticoagulant Heparin Mimetics via RAFT Polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2019; 21:1009-1021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vera Ignjatovic
- Haematology Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul Monagle
- Haematology Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - John Tsanaktsidis
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - George Vamvounis
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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25
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Synthesis of a Fluorous-Tagged Hexasaccharide and Interaction with Growth Factors Using Sugar-Coated Microplates. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 24:molecules24081591. [PMID: 31013665 PMCID: PMC6515340 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the synthesis of a sulfated, fully protected hexasaccharide as a glycosaminoglycan mimetic and the study of its interactions with different growth factors: midkine, basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Following a fluorous-assisted approach, monosaccharide building blocks were successfully assembled and the target oligosaccharide was prepared in excellent yield. The use of more acid stable 4,6-O-silylidene protected glucosamine units was crucial for the efficiency of this strategy because harsh reaction conditions were needed in the glycosylations to avoid the formation of orthoester side products. Fluorescence polarization experiments demonstrated the strong interactions between the synthesized hexamer, and midkine and FGF-2. In addition, we have developed an alternative assay to analyse these molecular recognition events. The prepared oligosaccharide was non-covalently attached to a fluorous-functionalized microplate and the direct binding of the protein to the sugar-immobilized surface was measured, affording the corresponding KD,surf value.
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26
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Debsharma T, Behrendt FN, Laschewsky A, Schlaad H. Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Biomass-Derived Levoglucosenol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6718-6721. [PMID: 30835937 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The readily available cellulose-derived bicyclic compound levoglucosenol was polymerized through ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) to yield polylevoglucosenol as a novel type of biomass-derived thermoplastic polyacetal, which, unlike polysaccharides, contains cyclic as well as linear segments in its main chain. High-molar-mass polyacetals with apparent weight-average molar masses of up to 100 kg mol-1 and dispersities of approximately 2 were produced despite the non-living/controlled character of the polymerization due to irreversible deactivation or termination of the catalyst/active chain ends. The resulting highly functionalized polyacetals are glassy in bulk with a glass transition temperature of around 100 °C. In analogy to polysaccharides, polylevoglucosenol degrades slowly in an acidic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Debsharma
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Felix N Behrendt
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - André Laschewsky
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Potsdam, 14476, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
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27
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Debsharma T, Behrendt FN, Laschewsky A, Schlaad H. Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Biomass‐Derived Levoglucosenol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Debsharma
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25 Potsdam 14476 Germany
| | - Felix N. Behrendt
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25 Potsdam 14476 Germany
| | - André Laschewsky
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25 Potsdam 14476 Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research IAP Geiselbergstraße 69 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25 Potsdam 14476 Germany
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28
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Loka RS, Sletten ET, Barash U, Vlodavsky I, Nguyen HM. Specific Inhibition of Heparanase by a Glycopolymer with Well-Defined Sulfation Pattern Prevents Breast Cancer Metastasis in Mice. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:244-254. [PMID: 30543095 PMCID: PMC6512314 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase, the heparan sulfate polysaccharide degrading endoglycosidase enzyme, has been correlated with tumor angiogenesis and metastasis and therefore has become a potential target for anticancer drug development. In this systematic study, the sulfation pattern of the pendant disaccharide moiety on synthetic glycopolymers was synthetically manipulated to achieve optimal heparanase inhibition. Upon evaluation, a glycopolymer with 12 repeating units was determined to be the most potent inhibitor of heparanase (IC50 = 0.10 ± 0.36 nM). This glycopolymer was further examined for cross-bioactivity using a solution-based competitive biolayer interferometry assay with other HS-binding proteins (growth factors, P-selectin, and platelet factor 4), which are responsible for mediating angiogenic activity, cell metastasis, and antibody-induced thrombocytopenia. The synthetic glycopolymer has low affinity for these HS-binding proteins in comparison to natural heparin. In addition, the glycopolymer possessed no proliferative properties toward human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) and a potent antimetastatic effect against 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells. Thus, our study not only establishes a specific inhibitor of heparanase with high affinity but also illustrates the high effectiveness of this multivalent heparanase inhibitor in inhibiting experimental metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S Loka
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Eric T Sletten
- Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242 , United States
| | - Uri Barash
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
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29
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Minoda M, Otsubo T, Yamamoto Y, Zhao J, Honda Y, Tanaka T, Motoyanagi J. The First Synthesis of Periodic and Alternating Glycopolymers by RAFT Polymerization: A Novel Synthetic Pathway for Glycosaminoglycan Mimics. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E70. [PMID: 30960054 PMCID: PMC6401991 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study concerned the controlled synthesis of periodic glycopolymers by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization. To this end, maltose- and lactose-substituted vinyl ethers (MalVE and LacVE, respectively) and maltose-substituted maleimide (MalMI) were newly synthesized. RAFT copolymerization of MalVE and ethyl maleimide (EtMI) (monomer feed ratio: MalVE:EtMI = 1:1) afforded periodic glycopolymers (poly(MalVE-co-EtMI)) consisting of major parts of alternating structure (-(MalVE-EtMI)n-) and a small part of consecutive sequences of EtMI (⁻EtMI-EtMI-). Occurrence of the latter sequences was caused by the homopolymerizability of maleimide under the present polymerization condition, and the formation of the consecutive sequences of EtMI was successfully suppressed by varying the monomer feed ratio. RAFT copolymerization of LacVE and EtMI was also found to proceed and similarly yielded periodic glycopolymers (poly(LacVE-co-EtMI)). Moreover, RAFT copolymerization of LacVE and MalMI (monomer feed ratio: LacVE:MalMI = 1:1) was performed to give copolymers (poly(LacVE-co-MalMI)) having composition ratio of LacVE/MalMI ≈ 36/64. The resultant periodic glycopolymers poly(MalVE-co-EtMI) and poly(LacVE-co-EtMI) were subjected to lectin binding assay using concanavalin A and peanut agglutinin, exhibiting the glycocluster effect. Moreover, these glycopolymers obtained from the copolymerization of VE and MI were found to be non-cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Minoda
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Otsubo
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Yohei Yamamoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan.
| | - Yoshitomo Honda
- Institute of Dental Research, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan.
| | - Tomonari Tanaka
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Jin Motoyanagi
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
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30
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Koide H, Yoshimatsu K, Hoshino Y, Ariizumi S, Okishima A, Ide T, Egami H, Hamashima Y, Nishimura Y, Kanazawa H, Miura Y, Asai T, Oku N, Shea KJ. Sequestering and inhibiting a vascular endothelial growth factor in vivo by systemic administration of a synthetic polymer nanoparticle. J Control Release 2018; 295:13-20. [PMID: 30578808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein affinity reagents (PARs), frequently antibodies, are essential tools for basic research, diagnostics, separations and for clinical applications. However, there is growing concern about the reproducibility, quality and cost of recombinant and animal-derived antibodies. This has prompted the development of alternatives that could offer economic, and time-saving advantages without the use of living organisms. Synthetic copolymer nanoparticles (NPs), engineered with affinity for specific protein targets, are potential alternatives to PARs. Although there are now a number of examples of abiotic protein affinity reagents (APARs), most have been evaluated in vitro limiting a realistic assessment of their potential for more demanding, practical in vivo applications. We demonstrate for the first time that an abiotic copolymer hydrogel nanoparticle (NP1) engineered to bind a key signaling protein, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165), functions in vivo to suppress tumor growth by regulating angiogenesis. Lightly cross-linked N-isopropylacrylamide based NPs that incorporate both sulfated N-acetylglucosamine and hydrophobic monomers were optimized by dynamic chemical evolution for VEGF165 affinity. NP1 efficacy in vivo was evaluated by systemic administration to tumor-bearing mice. The study found that NP1 suppresses tumor growth and reduces tumor vasculature density. Combination therapy with doxorubicin resulted in increased doxorubicin concentration in the tumor and dramatic inhibition of tumor growth. NP1 treatment did not show off target anti-coagulant activity. In addition, >97% of injected NPs are rapidly excreted from the body following IV injection. These results establish the use of APARs as inhibitors of protein-protein interactions in vivo and may point the way to their broader use as abiotic, cost effective protein affinity reagents for the treatment of certain cancers and more broadly for regulating signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Koide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yoshimatsu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yu Hoshino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Saki Ariizumi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Anna Okishima
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ide
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Egami
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hamashima
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yuri Nishimura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanazawa
- Department of Functional Anatomy, School of Nursing, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Miura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Asai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Naoto Oku
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Kenneth J Shea
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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31
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Huang ML, Tota EM, Lucas TM, Godula K. Influencing Early Stages of Neuromuscular Junction Formation through Glycocalyx Engineering. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:3086-3093. [PMID: 30095249 PMCID: PMC6395550 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving molecular control over the formation of synaptic contacts in the nervous system can provide important insights into their regulation and can offer means for creating well-defined in vitro systems to evaluate modes of therapeutic intervention. Agrin-induced clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at postsynaptic sites is a hallmark of the formation of the neuromuscular junction, a synapse between motoneurons and muscle cells. In addition to the cognate agrin receptor LRP4 (low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein-4), muscle cell heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have also been proposed to contribute to AChR clustering by acting as agrin co-receptors. Here, we provide direct evidence for the role of HS GAGs in agrin recruitment to the surface of myotubes, as well as their functional contributions toward AChR clustering. We also demonstrate that engineering of the myotube glycocalyx using synthetic HS GAG polymers can replace native HS structures to gain control over agrin-mediated AChR clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ember M. Tota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Taryn M. Lucas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Kamil Godula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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32
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Revuelta J, Fuentes R, Lagartera L, Hernáiz MJ, Bastida A, García-Junceda E, Fernández-Mayoralas A. Assembly of glycoamino acid building blocks: a new strategy for the straightforward synthesis of heparan sulfate mimics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13455-13458. [PMID: 30431033 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08067d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy that enables a modular straightforward synthesis of heparan sulfate oligosaccharide mimics by the assembly of simple glycoamino acid building blocks is described. The coupling between units is readily carried out by an amidation reaction. Several glycoamino acid oligomers were prepared and their interaction with the FGF2 protein was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Revuelta
- Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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33
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Loka RS, Yu F, Sletten ET, Nguyen HM. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of heparan sulfate mimicking glycopolymers for inhibiting heparanase activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:9163-9166. [PMID: 28766595 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc04156j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heparanase is an enzyme which cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) polysaccharides of the extracellular matrix. It is a regulator of tumor behavior, plays a key role in kidney related diseases and autoimmune diabetes. We report herein the use of computational studies to extract the natural HS-heparanase interactions as a template for the design of HS mimicking glycopolymers. Upon evaluation, a glycopolymer with 12 repeating units was determined to be the most potent inhibitor and to have tight-binding characteristics. This glycopolymer also lacks anticoagulant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S Loka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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34
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Zhang X, Liu H, Lin L, Yao W, Zhao J, Wu M, Li Z. Synthesis of Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate Nonasaccharide as a Novel Anticoagulant Targeting Intrinsic Factor Xase Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Department of Chemical Biology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Huiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Department of Chemical Biology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Lisha Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China; Kunming Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650201 China
| | - Wang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Department of Chemical Biology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China; Kunming Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650201 China
| | - Mingyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China; Kunming Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650201 China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Department of Chemical Biology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
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35
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Zhang X, Liu H, Lin L, Yao W, Zhao J, Wu M, Li Z. Synthesis of Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate Nonasaccharide as a Novel Anticoagulant Targeting Intrinsic Factor Xase Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12880-12885. [PMID: 30067300 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Department of Chemical Biology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Huiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Department of Chemical Biology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Lisha Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China; Kunming Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650201 China
| | - Wang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Department of Chemical Biology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China; Kunming Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650201 China
| | - Mingyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China; Kunming Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650201 China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Department of Chemical Biology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
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36
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Maza S, Gandia-Aguado N, de Paz JL, Nieto PM. Fluorous-tag assisted synthesis of a glycosaminoglycan mimetic tetrasaccharide as a high-affinity FGF-2 and midkine ligand. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:1076-1085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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37
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Nahain AA, Ignjatovic V, Monagle P, Tsanaktsidis J, Ferro V. Heparin mimetics with anticoagulant activity. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1582-1613. [PMID: 29446104 DOI: 10.1002/med.21489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Heparin, a sulfated polysaccharide belonging to the glycosaminoglycan family, has been widely used as an anticoagulant drug for decades and remains the most commonly used parenteral anticoagulant in adults and children. However, heparin has important clinical limitations and is derived from animal sources which pose significant safety and supply problems. The ever growing shortage of the raw material for heparin manufacturing may become a very significant issue in the future. These global limitations have prompted much research, especially following the recent well-publicized contamination scandal, into the development of alternative anticoagulants derived from non-animal and/or totally synthetic sources that mimic the structural features and properties of heparin. Such compounds, termed heparin mimetics, are also needed as anticoagulant materials for use in biomedical applications (e.g., stents, grafts, implants etc.). This review encompasses the development of heparin mimetics of various structural classes, including synthetic polymers and non-carbohydrate small molecules as well as sulfated oligo- and polysaccharides, and fondaparinux derivatives and conjugates, with a focus on developments in the past 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Nahain
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vera Ignjatovic
- Haematology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Monagle
- Haematology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Tsanaktsidis
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Clayton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Zhang GL, Ye XS. Synthetic Glycans and Glycomimetics: A Promising Alternative to Natural Polysaccharides. Chemistry 2018; 24:6696-6704. [PMID: 29282776 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A large quantity of polysaccharide-derived conjugate vaccines have been developed to combat various pathogenic infections. Another prominent polysaccharide, heparin, is listed as an essential drug by the World Health Organization (WHO) to treat thrombus. One of their common problems is that they all derive from natural polysaccharides. Specifically, capsular polysaccharides are mainly obtained from bacterial fermentation and unfractionated heparin is extracted from animal tissues such as porcine mucosa. The quality of natural polysaccharides is inconsistent and traces of contamination would cause a disaster. By contrast, the use of chemical or chemoenzymatic methods could provide structurally homogeneous and quality-controlled glycans. To date, large numbers of polysaccharide fragments and their analogues have been synthesized and evaluated. Some of them even showed comparable activities to their corresponding natural polysaccharides. Here, the latest advances in these synthetic glycan analogues ranging from carbohydrate-based vaccines, heparin-related therapeutics and glycomimetics of polysaccharides are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of National and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 10091, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of National and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 10091, P. R. China
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Baier M, Ruppertz JL, Pfleiderer MM, Blaum BS, Hartmann L. Synthesis of highly controlled carbohydrate–polymer based hybrid structures by combining heparin fragments and sialic acid derivatives, and solid phase polymer synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10487-10490. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04898c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Heparin fragments have been used in solid phase polymer synthesis to derive biomimetic model compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mischa Baier
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf
- Duesseldorf 40225
- Germany
| | - Jana L. Ruppertz
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf
- Duesseldorf 40225
- Germany
| | - Moritz M. Pfleiderer
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry
- University of Tuebingen
- Tuebingen 72076
- Germany
| | - Bärbel S. Blaum
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry
- University of Tuebingen
- Tuebingen 72076
- Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf
- Duesseldorf 40225
- Germany
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40
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Zhang X, Yao W, Xu X, Sun H, Zhao J, Meng X, Wu M, Li Z. Synthesis of Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate Glycoclusters: A Robust Route to New Anticoagulant Agents. Chemistry 2017; 24:1694-1700. [PMID: 29131431 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Wang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Huifang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P.R. China
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Mingyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P.R. China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
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Sletten ET, Loka RS, Yu F, Nguyen HM. Glycosidase Inhibition by Multivalent Presentation of Heparan Sulfate Saccharides on Bottlebrush Polymers. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:3387-3399. [PMID: 28846389 PMCID: PMC6044434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the first-time exploration of the attachment of well-defined saccharide units onto a synthetic polymer backbone for the inhibition of a glycosidase. More specifically, glycopolymers endowed with heparan sulfate (HS) disaccharides were established to inhibit the glycosidase, heparanase, with an IC50 value in the low nanomolar range (1.05 ± 0.02 nm), a thousand-fold amplification over its monovalent counterpart. The monomeric moieties of these glycopolymers were designed in silico to manipulate the well-established glycotope of heparanase into an inhitope. Studies concluded that (1) the glycopolymers are hydrolytic stable toward heparanase, (2) longer polymer length provides greater inhibition, and (3) increased local saccharide density (monoantennary vs diantennary) is negligible due to hindered active site of heparanase. Furthermore, HS oligosaccharide and polysaccharide controls illustrate the enhanced potency of a multivalent scaffold. Overall, the results on these studies of the multivalent presentation of saccharides on bottlebrush polymers serve as the platform for the design of potent glycosidase inhibitors and have potential to be applied to other HS-degrading proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fei Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Hien M. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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Heparin Mimetics: Their Therapeutic Potential. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:ph10040078. [PMID: 28974047 PMCID: PMC5748635 DOI: 10.3390/ph10040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin mimetics are synthetic and semi-synthetic compounds that are highly sulfated, structurally distinct analogues of glycosaminoglycans. These mimetics are often rationally designed to increase potency and binding selectivity towards specific proteins involved in disease manifestations. Some of the major therapeutic arenas towards which heparin mimetics are targeted include: coagulation and thrombosis, cancers, and inflammatory diseases. Although Fondaparinux, a rationally designed heparin mimetic, is now approved for prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism, the search for novel anticoagulant heparin mimetics with increased affinity and fewer side effects remains a subject of research. However, increasingly, research is focusing on the non-anticoagulant activities of these molecules. Heparin mimetics have potential as anti-cancer agents due to their ability to: (1) inhibit heparanase, an endoglycosidase which facilitates the spread of tumor cells; and (2) inhibit angiogenesis by binding to growth factors. The heparin mimetic, PI-88 is in clinical trials for post-surgical hepatocellular carcinoma and advanced melanoma. The anti-inflammatory properties of heparin mimetics have primarily been attributed to their ability to interact with: complement system proteins, selectins and chemokines; each of which function differently to facilitate inflammation. The efficacy of low/non-anticoagulant heparin mimetics in animal models of different inflammatory diseases has been demonstrated. These findings, plus clinical data that indicates heparin has anti-inflammatory activity, will raise the momentum for developing heparin mimetics as a new class of therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases.
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Synthetic heparin and heparan sulfate: probes in defining biological functions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017; 40:152-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Chen J, Travelet C, Borsali R, Halila S. Hemicellulosic Polysaccharides Mimics: Synthesis of Tailored Bottlebrush-Like Xyloglucan Oligosaccharide Glycopolymers as Binders of Nanocrystalline Cellulose. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:3410-3417. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Travelet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Redouane Borsali
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sami Halila
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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Paluck SJ, Maynard HD. Structure Activity Relationship of Heparin Mimicking Polymer p(SS- co-PEGMA): Effect of Sulfonation and Polymer Size on FGF2-Receptor Binding. Polym Chem 2017; 8:4548-4556. [PMID: 29181096 PMCID: PMC5701782 DOI: 10.1039/c7py00861a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) is a heparin binding protein that plays a role in a range of biological functions such as wound healing and bone regeneration. Heparin, a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan, is required for FGF2 to bind to its receptor. Therefore, polymeric mimics of heparin are widely studied for their ability to manipulate FGF2-induced biological interactions. It is known that altering the degree of sulfonated monomer incorporation and size of heparin-mimicking polymers can affect protein-receptor binding. To elucidate the relationship between degree of sulfonation and receptor binding for the heparin-mimicking polymer, poly(styrene sulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (p(SS-co-PEGMA)) a library was synthesized to contain nine polymers with degrees of sulfonation ranging from 0-100%. Kinetics of the polymerization was evaluated and reactivity ratios compared to literature results. These polymers were then tested for their ability to enhance FGF2 binding with its receptor as both covalent conjugates and as excipients. In a receptor based enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), as well as a cell-based study, the polymer with 81% SS incorporation enhanced receptor binding compared to FGF2 alone, and to a greater extent than the other polymers. Therefore, another library of polymers was prepared maintaining the degree of sulfonation at 81% and changing the size from 41 to 390 monomer repeat units. The polymers were again tested in receptor based ELISA and cell studies, and all of the different sizes performed similarly, except for degree of polymerization 295 and 390, which had reduced response in the cellular assay. These results provide important information for the use of pSS-co-PEGMA as a potential heparin-mimicking therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Paluck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569 United States
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569 United States
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Domínguez-Rodríguez P, Reina JJ, Gil-Caballero S, Nieto PM, de Paz JL, Rojo J. Glycodendrimers as Chondroitin Sulfate Mimetics: Synthesis and Binding to Growth Factor Midkine. Chemistry 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Domínguez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); CSIC- Universidad de Sevilla; Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Seville Spain
| | - José J. Reina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); CSIC- Universidad de Sevilla; Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Seville Spain
- Current address: Singular Research Centre in Chemical Biology and Molecular Materials (CIQUS); Organic Chemistry Department; University of Santiago de Compostela (USC); Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Sergio Gil-Caballero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); CSIC- Universidad de Sevilla; Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Seville Spain
| | - Pedro M. Nieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); CSIC- Universidad de Sevilla; Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Seville Spain
| | - José L. de Paz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); CSIC- Universidad de Sevilla; Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Seville Spain
| | - Javier Rojo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); CSIC- Universidad de Sevilla; Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Seville Spain
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48
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Zhang GL, Yang L, Zhu J, Wei M, Yan W, Xiong DC, Ye XS. Synthesis and Antigenic Evaluation of Oligosaccharide Mimics of Vi Antigen from Salmonella typhi. Chemistry 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Mengman Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Wanjun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - De-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
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49
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In vitro anticoagulant activity of polyanionic graft chains modified poly(vinyl alcohol) particles. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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50
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Koide H, Yoshimatsu K, Hoshino Y, Lee SH, Okajima A, Ariizumi S, Narita Y, Yonamine Y, Weisman AC, Nishimura Y, Oku N, Miura Y, Shea KJ. A polymer nanoparticle with engineered affinity for a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF 165). Nat Chem 2017. [PMID: 28644480 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein affinity reagents are widely used in basic research, diagnostics and separations and for clinical applications, the most common of which are antibodies. However, they often suffer from high cost, and difficulties in their development, production and storage. Here we show that a synthetic polymer nanoparticle (NP) can be engineered to have many of the functions of a protein affinity reagent. Polymer NPs with nM affinity to a key vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165) inhibit binding of the signalling protein to its receptor VEGFR-2, preventing receptor phosphorylation and downstream VEGF165-dependent endothelial cell migration and invasion into the extracellular matrix. In addition, the NPs inhibit VEGF-mediated new blood vessel formation in Matrigel plugs in vivo. Importantly, the non-toxic NPs were not found to exhibit off-target activity. These results support the assertion that synthetic polymers offer a new paradigm in the search for abiotic protein affinity reagents by providing many of the functions of their protein counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Koide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Keiichi Yoshimatsu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Yu Hoshino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shih-Hui Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Ai Okajima
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Saki Ariizumi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yudai Narita
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yonamine
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Adam C Weisman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Yuri Nishimura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Naoto Oku
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Miura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kenneth J Shea
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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