1
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Liu JN, Du K, Guo JH, Wang D, Gong CB, Tang Q. Visual Sensor with Host-Guest Specific Recognition and Light-Electrical Co-Controlled Switch. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311823. [PMID: 38456380 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Perception of UV radiation has important applications in medical health, industrial production, electronic communication, etc. In numerous application scenarios, there is an increasing demand for the intuitive and low-cost detection of UV radiation through colorimetric visual behavior, as well as the efficient and multi-functional utilization of UV radiation. However, photodetectors based on photoconductive modes or photosensitive colorimetric materials are not conducive to portable or multi-scene applications owing to their complex and expensive photosensitive components, potential photobleaching, and single-stimulus response behavior. Here, a multifunctional visual sensor based on the "host-guest photo-controlled permutation" strategy and the "lock and key" model is developed. The host-guest specific molecular recognition and electrochromic sensing platform is integrated at the micro-molecular scale, enabling multi-functional and multi-scene applications in the convenient and fast perception of UV radiation, military camouflage, and information erasure at the macro level of human-computer interaction through light-electrical co-controlled visual switching characteristics. This light-electrical co-controlled visual sensor based on an optoelectronic multi-mode sensing system is expected to provide new ideas and paradigms for healthcare, microelectronics manufacturing, and wearable electronic devices owing to its advantages of signal visualization, low energy consumption, low cost, and versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ning Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Kui Du
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Hao Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Bin Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Qian Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
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2
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Holstein LR, Suematsu NJ, Takeuchi M, Harano K, Banno T, Takai A. Reduction-Induced Self-Propelled Oscillatory Motion of Perylenediimides on Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202410671. [PMID: 39083634 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202410671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of macroscopic self-propelled oscillatory motion based on molecular design has attracted continual attention in relation to autonomous systems in living organisms. Herein, a series of perylenediimides (PDIs) with various imide side chains was prepared to explore the impact of molecular design and alignment on the self-propelled motion at the air-water interface. When placed on an aqueous solution containing a reductant, a solid disk of neutral PDI was reduced to form the water-soluble, surface-active PDI dianion species, which induces a surface tension gradient in the vicinity of the disk for self-propelled motion. We found that centimeter-scale oscillatory motion could be elicited by controlling the supply rate of PDI dianion species through the reductant concentration and the structure of the imide side chains. Furthermore, we found that the onset and speed of the self-propelled motion could be changed by the crystallinity of PDI at the water surface. This design principle using π-conjugated molecules and their self-assemblies could advance self-propelled, non-equilibrium systems powered by chemical energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Rae Holstein
- Molecular Design and Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko J Suematsu
- School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences; Graduate School of Advanced Mathematical Sciences, Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences (MIMS), Meiji University, 4-21-1, Nakano, Tokyo, 164-8525, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- Molecular Design and Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Koji Harano
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Taisuke Banno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Atsuro Takai
- Molecular Design and Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
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3
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Kasuya K, Oketani R, Matsuda S, Sato H, Ishiwari F, Saeki A, Hisaki I. Photo-Responsive Hydrogen-Bonded Molecular Networks Capable of Retaining Crystalline Periodicity after Isomerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404700. [PMID: 38577718 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The molecular conformation, crystalline morphology, and properties of photochromic organic crystals can be controlled through photoirradiation, making them promising candidates for functional organic materials. However, photochromic porous molecular crystals with a networked framework structure are rare due to the difficulty in maintaining space that allows for photo-induced molecular motion in the crystalline state. This study describes a photo-responsive single crystal based on hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) network of dihydrodimethylbenzo[e]pyrene derivative 4BDHP. A crystal composed of H-bonded undulate layers, 4BDHP-2, underwent photo-isomerization in the crystalline state due to loose stacking of the layers. Particularly, enantio-pure crystal (S,S)-4BDHP-2 allowed to reveal the structure of the photoisomerized crystal, in which the closed form (4BDHP) and open form (4CPD) were arranged alternately with keeping crystalline periodicity, although side reactions were also implied. The present proof-of-concept system of a photochromic framework that retains crystalline periodicity after photo-isomerization may provide new light-driven porous functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kasuya
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, 560-8531, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryusei Oketani
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, 560-8531, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Souta Matsuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, 565-0871, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akisima, 196-8666, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Ishiwari
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, 565-0871, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, 565-0871, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisaki
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, 560-8531, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
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4
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Gibson W, Mulvey JT, Das S, Selmani S, Merham JG, Rakowski AM, Schwartz E, Hochbaum AI, Guan Z, Green JR, Patterson JP. Observing the Dynamics of an Electrochemically Driven Active Material with Liquid Electron Microscopy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11898-11909. [PMID: 38648551 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical liquid electron microscopy has revolutionized our understanding of nanomaterial dynamics by allowing for direct observation of their electrochemical production. This technique, primarily applied to inorganic materials, is now being used to explore the self-assembly dynamics of active molecular materials. Our study examines these dynamics across various scales, from the nanoscale behavior of individual fibers to the micrometer-scale hierarchical evolution of fiber clusters. To isolate the influences of the electron beam and electrical potential on material behavior, we conducted thorough beam-sample interaction analyses. Our findings reveal that the dynamics of these active materials at the nanoscale are shaped by their proximity to the electrode and the applied electrical current. By integrating electron microscopy observations with reaction-diffusion simulations, we uncover that local structures and their formation history play a crucial role in determining assembly rates. This suggests that the emergence of nonequilibrium structures can locally accelerate further structural development, offering insights into the behavior of active materials under electrochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyeth Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Justin T Mulvey
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Swetamber Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Serxho Selmani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jovany G Merham
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Alexander M Rakowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Eric Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Allon I Hochbaum
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jason R Green
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Joseph P Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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5
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Torigoe S, Nagao K, Kubota R, Hamachi I. Emergence of Dynamic Instability by Hybridizing Synthetic Self-Assembled Dipeptide Fibers with Surfactant Micelles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5799-5805. [PMID: 38407066 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry currently faces the challenge of controlling nonequilibrium dynamics such as the dynamic instability of microtubules. In this study, we explored the emergence of dynamic instability through the hybridization of peptide-type supramolecular nanofibers with surfactant micelles. Using real-time confocal imaging, we discovered that the addition of micelles to nanofibers induced the simultaneous but asynchronous growth and shrinkage of nanofibers during which the total number of fibers decreased monotonically. This dynamic phenomenon unexpectedly persisted for 6 days and was driven not by chemical reactions but by noncovalent supramolecular interactions between peptide-type nanofibers and surfactant micelles. This study demonstrates a strategy for inducing autonomous supramolecular dynamics, which will open up possibilities for developing soft materials applicable to biomedicine and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Torigoe
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Nagao
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ryou Kubota
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Hamachi Innovative Molecular Technology for Neuroscience, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
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6
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Kubota R, Hamachi I. Cell-Like Synthetic Supramolecular Soft Materials Realized in Multicomponent, Non-/Out-of-Equilibrium Dynamic Systems. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306830. [PMID: 38018341 PMCID: PMC10885657 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Living cells are complex, nonequilibrium supramolecular systems capable of independently and/or cooperatively integrating multiple bio-supramolecules to execute intricate physiological functions that cannot be accomplished by individual biomolecules. These biological design strategies offer valuable insights for the development of synthetic supramolecular systems with spatially controlled hierarchical structures, which, importantly, exhibit cell-like responses and functions. The next grand challenge in supramolecular chemistry is to control the organization of multiple types of supramolecules in a single system, thus integrating the functions of these supramolecules in an orthogonal and/or cooperative manner. In this perspective, the recent progress in constructing multicomponent supramolecular soft materials through the hybridization of supramolecules, such as self-assembled nanofibers/gels and coacervates, with other functional molecules, including polymer gels and enzymes is highlighted. Moreover, results show that these materials exhibit bioinspired responses to stimuli, such as bidirectional rheological responses of supramolecular double-network hydrogels, temporal stimulus pattern-dependent responses of synthetic coacervates, and 3D hydrogel patterning in response to reaction-diffusion processes are presented. Autonomous active soft materials with cell-like responses and spatially controlled structures hold promise for diverse applications, including soft robotics with directional motion, point-of-care disease diagnosis, and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryou Kubota
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Hamachi Innovative Molecular Technology for Neuroscience, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Katsura, 615-8530, Japan
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7
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Zhang X, Mao L, He R, Shi Y, Li L, Li S, Zhu C, Zhang Y, Ma D. Tunable cyclic operation of dissipative molecular switches based on anion recognition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1180-1183. [PMID: 38193867 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05912j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Artificial dissipative molecular switches based on anion recognition are of great importance to simulate biological functions and construct smart materials. Five activated carboxylic acids are used as chemical fuels for dissipative molecular switches, which consist of an imidazolium macrocyclic host and a carboxylate anionic guest. By choosing different types of chemical fuels and using varied fuel concentrations, the rates of cyclic operations are tunable. The operation is capable of undergoing at least three cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Lijun Mao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Rongjing He
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Yanting Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Lingyi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Shuo Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Chenghao Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Da Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
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8
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Zhang X, Dai X, Gao L, Xu D, Wan H, Wang Y, Yan LT. The entropy-controlled strategy in self-assembling systems. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6806-6837. [PMID: 37743794 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00347g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of various building blocks has been considered as a powerful approach to generate novel materials with tailorable structures and optimal properties. Understanding physicochemical interactions and mechanisms related to structural formation and transitions is of essential importance for this approach. Although it is well-known that diverse forces and energies can significantly contribute to the structures and properties of self-assembling systems, the potential entropic contribution remains less well understood. The past few years have witnessed rapid progress in addressing the entropic effects on the structures, responses, and functions in the self-assembling systems, and many breakthroughs have been achieved. This review provides a framework regarding the entropy-controlled strategy of self-assembly, through which the structures and properties can be tailored by effectively tuning the entropic contribution and its interplay with the enthalpic counterpart. First, we focus on the fundamentals of entropy in thermodynamics and the entropy types that can be explored for self-assembly. Second, we discuss the rules of entropy in regulating the structural organization in self-assembly and delineate the entropic force and superentropic effect. Third, we introduce the basic principles, significance and approaches of the entropy-controlled strategy in self-assembly. Finally, we present the applications where this strategy has been employed in fields like colloids, macromolecular systems and nonequilibrium assembly. This review concludes with a discussion on future directions and future research opportunities for developing and applying the entropy-controlled strategy in complex self-assembling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xiaobin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Lijuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Duo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Haixiao Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Li-Tang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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9
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Winkens M, Vilcan A, de Visser PJ, de Graaf FV, Korevaar PA. Orbiting Self-Organization of Filament-Tethered Surface-Active Droplets. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206800. [PMID: 36799188 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Dissipative chemical systems hold the potential to enable life-like behavior in synthetic matter, such as self-organization, motility, and dynamic switching between different states. Here, out-of-equilibrium self-organization is demonstrated by interconnected source and drain droplets at an air-water interface, which display dynamic behavior due to a hydrolysis reaction that generates a concentration gradient around the drain droplets. This concentration gradient interferes with the adhesion of self-assembled amphiphile filaments that grow from a source droplet. The chemical gradient sustains a unique orbiting of the drain droplet, which is proposed to be driven by the selective adhesion of the filaments to the front of the moving droplet, while filaments approaching from behind are destabilized upon contact with the hydrolysis product in the trail of the droplet. Potential applications are foreseen in the transfer of chemical signals amongst communicating droplets in rearranging networks, and the implementation of chemical reactions to drive complex positioning routines in life-like systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitch Winkens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandru Vilcan
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J de Visser
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Freek V de Graaf
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A Korevaar
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
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10
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Chau AKH, Leung FKC. Exploration of molecular machines in supramolecular soft robotic systems. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 315:102892. [PMID: 37084547 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Soft robotic system, a new era of material science, is rapidly developing with advanced processing technology in soft matters, featured with biomimetic nature. An important bottom-up approach is through the implementation of molecular machines into polymeric materials, however, the synchronized molecular motions, acumination of strain across multiple length-scales, and amplification into macroscopic actuations remained highly challenging. This review presents the significances, key design strategies, and outlook of the hierarchical supramolecular systems of molecular machines to develop novel types of supramolecular-based soft robotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson Kwok-Hei Chau
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Franco King-Chi Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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11
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Barpuzary D, Hurst PJ, Patterson JP, Guan Z. Waste-Free Fully Electrically Fueled Dissipative Self-Assembly System. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3727-3735. [PMID: 36746118 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The importance and prevalence of energy-fueled active materials in living systems have inspired the design of synthetic active materials using various fuels. However, several major limitations of current designs remain to be addressed, such as the accumulation of chemical wastes during the process, unsustainable active behavior, and the lack of precise spatiotemporal control. Here, we demonstrate a fully electrically fueled (e-fueled) active self-assembly material that can overcome the aforementioned limitations. Using an electrochemical setup with dual electrocatalysts, the anodic oxidation of one electrocatalyst (ferrocyanide, [Fe(CN)6]4-) creates a positive fuel to activate the self-assembly, while simultaneously, the cathodic reduction of the other electrocatalyst (methyl viologen, [MV]2+) generates a negative fuel triggering fiber disassembly. Due to the fully catalytic nature for the reaction networks, this fully e-fueled active material system does not generate any chemical waste, can sustain active behavior for an extended period when the electrical potential is maintained, and provides spatiotemporal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Barpuzary
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States
| | - Paul J Hurst
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States
| | - Joseph P Patterson
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States
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12
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Ragazzon G, Malferrari M, Arduini A, Secchi A, Rapino S, Silvi S, Credi A. Autonomous Non-Equilibrium Self-Assembly and Molecular Movements Powered by Electrical Energy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214265. [PMID: 36422473 PMCID: PMC10107654 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ability to exploit energy autonomously is one of the hallmarks of life. Mastering such processes in artificial nanosystems can open technological opportunities. In the last decades, light- and chemically driven autonomous systems have been developed in relation to conformational motion and self-assembly, mostly in relation to molecular motors. In contrast, despite electrical energy being an attractive energy source to power nanosystems, its autonomous harnessing has received little attention. Herein we consider an operation mode that allows the autonomous exploitation of electrical energy by a self-assembling system. Threading and dethreading motions of a pseudorotaxane take place autonomously in solution, powered by the current flowing between the electrodes of a scanning electrochemical microscope. The underlying autonomous energy ratchet mechanism drives the self-assembly steps away from equilibrium with a higher energy efficiency compared to other autonomous systems. The strategy is general and might be extended to other redox-driven systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Ragazzon
- Institut de Science et d'Ingégnierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) UMR 7006, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marco Malferrari
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arturo Arduini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,CLAN-Center for Light-Activated Nanostructures (CLAN), Università di Bologna and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light-Activated Nanostructures (CLAN), Università di Bologna and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
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13
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Zhang H, Zeng H, Eklund A, Guo H, Priimagi A, Ikkala O. Feedback-controlled hydrogels with homeostatic oscillations and dissipative signal transduction. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:1303-1310. [PMID: 36443600 PMCID: PMC9747616 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Driving systems out of equilibrium under feedback control is characteristic for living systems, where homeostasis and dissipative signal transduction facilitate complex responses. This feature not only inspires dissipative dynamic functionalities in synthetic systems but also poses great challenges in designing novel pathways. Here we report feedback-controlled systems comprising two coupled hydrogels driven by constant light, where the system can be tuned to undergo stable homeostatic self-oscillations or damped steady states of temperature. We demonstrate that stable temperature oscillations can be utilized for dynamic colours and cargo transport, whereas damped steady states enable signal transduction pathways. Here mechanical triggers cause temperature changes that lead to responses such as bending motions inspired by the single-touch mechanoresponse in Mimosa pudica and the frequency-gated snapping motion inspired by the plant arithmetic in the Venus flytrap. The proposed concepts suggest generalizable feedback pathways for dissipative dynamic materials and interactive soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hao Zeng
- Smart Photonic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Amanda Eklund
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hongshuang Guo
- Smart Photonic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arri Priimagi
- Smart Photonic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
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14
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Bartholomew AK, Stone IB, Steigerwald ML, Lambert TH, Roy X. Highly Twisted Azobenzene Ligand Causes Crystals to Continuously Roll in Sunlight. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16773-16777. [PMID: 36084324 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct conversion of solar energy to mechanical work promises higher efficiency than multistep processes, adding a key tool to the arsenal of energy solutions necessary for our global future. The ideal photomechanical material would convert sunlight into mechanical motion rapidly, without attrition, and proportionally to the stimulus. We describe crystals of a tetrahedral isocyanoazobenzene-copper complex that roll continuously when irradiated with broad spectrum white light, including sunlight. The rolling results from bending and straightening of the crystal due to blue light-driven isomerization of a highly twisted azobenzene ligand. These findings introduce geometrically constrained crystal packing as a strategy for manipulating the electronic properties of chromophores. Furthermore, the continuous, solar-driven motion of the crystals demonstrates direct conversion of solar energy to continuous physical motion using easily accessed molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilana B Stone
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael L Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Tristan H Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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15
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Corra S, Bakić MT, Groppi J, Baroncini M, Silvi S, Penocchio E, Esposito M, Credi A. Kinetic and energetic insights into the dissipative non-equilibrium operation of an autonomous light-powered supramolecular pump. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:746-751. [PMID: 35760895 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural and artificial autonomous molecular machines operate by constantly dissipating energy coming from an external source to maintain a non-equilibrium state. Quantitative thermodynamic characterization of these dissipative states is highly challenging as they exist only as long as energy is provided. Here we report on the detailed physicochemical characterization of the dissipative operation of a supramolecular pump. The pump transduces light energy into chemical energy by bringing self-assembly reactions to non-equilibrium steady states. The composition of the system under light irradiation was followed in real time by 1H NMR for four different irradiation intensities. The experimental composition and photon flow were then fed into a theoretical model describing the non-equilibrium dissipation and the energy storage at the steady state. We quantitatively probed the relationship between the light energy input and the deviation of the dissipative state from thermodynamic equilibrium in this artificial system. Our results provide a testing ground for newly developed theoretical models for photoactivated artificial molecular machines operating away from thermodynamic equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Corra
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNR, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale 'Toso Montanari', Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina Tranfić Bakić
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNR, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale 'Toso Montanari', Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Groppi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNR, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNR, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNR, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'G. Ciamician', Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuele Penocchio
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Massimiliano Esposito
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNR, Bologna, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale 'Toso Montanari', Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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16
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Selmani S, Schwartz E, Mulvey JT, Wei H, Grosvirt-Dramen A, Gibson W, Hochbaum AI, Patterson JP, Ragan R, Guan Z. Electrically Fueled Active Supramolecular Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7844-7851. [PMID: 35446034 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fuel-driven dissipative self-assemblies play essential roles in living systems, contributing both to their complex, dynamic structures and emergent functions. Several dissipative supramolecular materials have been created using chemicals or light as fuel. However, electrical energy, one of the most common energy sources, has remained unexplored for such purposes. Here, we demonstrate a new platform for creating active supramolecular materials using electrically fueled dissipative self-assembly. Through an electrochemical redox reaction network, a transient and highly active supramolecular assembly is achieved with rapid kinetics, directionality, and precise spatiotemporal control. As electronic signals are the default information carriers in modern technology, the described approach offers a potential opportunity to integrate active materials into electronic devices for bioelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serxho Selmani
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Eric Schwartz
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Justin T Mulvey
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Hong Wei
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Adam Grosvirt-Dramen
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Wyeth Gibson
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Allon I Hochbaum
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Joseph P Patterson
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Regina Ragan
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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17
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Transient chirality inversion during racemization of a helical cobalt(III) complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2113237119. [PMID: 35259015 PMCID: PMC8931221 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113237119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceWe first observed a transient chirality inversion on a simple unimolecular platform during the racemization of a chiral helical complex [LCo3A6]3+, i.e., the helicity changed from P-rich (right-handed) to M-rich (left-handed), which then racemized to a P/M equimolar mixture in spite of the absence of a reagent that could induce the M helix. This transient chirality inversion was observed only in the forward reaction, whereas the reverse reaction showed a simple monotonic change with an induction time. Consequently, the M helicity appeared only in the forward reaction. These forward and reverse reactions constitute a hysteretic cycle. Compounds showing such unique time responses would be useful for developing time-programmable switchable materials that can control the physical/chemical properties in a time-dependent manner.
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18
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Matsubara M, Ukai H, Kuragano M, Tokuraku K, Nakano H. Chiral Photomechanical Behavior of Achiral Azobenzene-based Molecular Glass Particles Fixed in Agar Gel. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.220054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Motona Matsubara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1, Mizumoto-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585
| | - Hiroyasu Ukai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1, Mizumoto-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585
| | - Masahiro Kuragano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1, Mizumoto-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585
| | - Kiyotaka Tokuraku
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1, Mizumoto-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585
| | - Hideyuki Nakano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1, Mizumoto-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585
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19
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Obara K, Kageyama Y, Takeda S. Self-Propulsion of a Light-Powered Microscopic Crystalline Flapper in Water. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105302. [PMID: 34837473 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A key goal in developing molecular microrobots that mimic real-world animal dynamic behavior is to understand better the self-continuous progressive motion resulting from collective molecular transformation. This study reports, for the first time, the experimental realization of directional swimming of a microcrystal that exhibits self-continuous reciprocating motion in a 2D water tank. Although the reciprocal flip motion of the crystals is like that of a fish wagging its tail fin, many of the crystals swam in the opposite direction to which a fish would swim. Here the directionality generation mechanism and physical features of the swimming behavior is explored by constructing a mathematical model for the crystalline flapper. The results show that a tiny crystal with a less-deformable part in its flip fin exhibits a pull-type stroke swimming, while a crystal with a fin that uniformly deforms exhibits push-type kicking motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Obara
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kageyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Sadamu Takeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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20
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Kotani Y, Yasuda H, Higashiguchi K, Matsuda K. Re-entrant Photoinduced Morphological Transformation and Temperature-Dependent Kinetic Products of a Rectangular Amphiphilic Diarylethene Assembly. Chemistry 2021; 27:11158-11166. [PMID: 33988257 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An amphiphilic rectangular-shaped photochromic diarylethene bearing two hydrophobic alkyl chains and two hydrophilic tri(ethylene glycol) chains was synthesized, and its photoinduced morphological transformation in water was investigated. Two unexpected phenomena were revealed in the course of the experiments: a re-entrant photoinduced macroscopic morphological transformation and temperature-dependent kinetic products of supramolecular assembly. When the pure closed-ring isomer was dispersed in water, a re-entrant photoinduced morphological transformation, that is, a photoinduced transition from the hydrated phase to the dehydrated phase and then back to the hydrated phase, was observed by optical microscopy upon irradiation with green light at 20 °C; this was interpreted by the V-shaped phase diagram of the LCST transition. The aqueous assembly of the pure closed-ring isomer was controlled by changing the temperature; specifically, rapid cooling to 15 and 5 °C gave J and H aggregates, respectively, as the kinetic products. The thermodynamic product at both temperatures was a mixture of mostly H aggregate with a small amount of J aggregate. This behavior was rationalized by the temperature-dependent potential energy surface of the supramolecular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Kotani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Haruka Yasuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Higashiguchi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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21
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Cheng G, Lin C, Perez-Mercader J. Self-Organizing Microdroplet Protocells Displaying Light-Driven Oscillatory and Morphological Evolution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101162. [PMID: 33977654 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of synthetic systems that enable the sustained active self-assembly of molecular blocks to mimic the complexity and dynamic behavior of living systems is of great interest in elucidating the origins of life, understanding the basic principles behind biological organization, and designing active materials. However, it remains a challenge to construct microsystems with dynamic behaviors and functions that are connected to molecular self-assembly processes driven by external energy. Here, an active self-assembly of microdroplet protocells with dynamic structure and high structural complexity through living radical polymerization under constant energy flux is reported. The active microdroplet protocells exhibit nonlinear behaviors including oscillatory growth and shrinkage. This relies on the transient stabilization of molecular assembly, which can channel the inflow of energy through noncovalent interactions of pure synthetic components. The intercommunication of microdroplet protocells through stochastic fusion leads to the formation of a variety of dynamic and higher-order biomimetic microstructures. This work constitutes an important step toward the realization of autonomous and dynamic microsystems and active materials with life-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Cheng
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Origins of Life Initiative, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Chenyu Lin
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Origins of Life Initiative, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Juan Perez-Mercader
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Origins of Life Initiative, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA
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22
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Hou J, Mondal A, Long G, de Haan L, Zhao W, Zhou G, Liu D, Broer DJ, Chen J, Feringa BL. Photo-responsive Helical Motion by Light-Driven Molecular Motors in a Liquid-Crystal Network. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8251-8257. [PMID: 33511680 PMCID: PMC8048625 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Controlling sophisticated motion by molecular motors is a major goal on the road to future actuators and soft robotics. Taking inspiration from biological motility and mechanical functions common to artificial machines, responsive small molecules have been used to achieve macroscopic effects, however, translating molecular movement along length scales to precisely defined linear, twisting and rotary motions remain particularly challenging. Here, we present the design, synthesis and functioning of liquid‐crystal network (LCN) materials with intrinsic rotary motors that allow the conversion of light energy into reversible helical motion. In this responsive system the photochemical‐driven molecular motor has a dual function operating both as chiral dopant and unidirectional rotor amplifying molecular motion into a controlled and reversible left‐ or right‐handed macroscopic twisting movement. By exploiting the dynamic chirality, directionality of motion and shape change of a single motor embedded in an LC‐network, complex mechanical motions including bending, walking and helical motion, in soft polymer materials are achieved which offers fascinating opportunities toward inherently photo‐responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Hou
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and DisplaysNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Anirban Mondal
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Guiying Long
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and DisplaysNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Laurens de Haan
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper DisplaysSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and DevicesDepartment of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyDen Dolech 2, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Wei Zhao
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper DisplaysSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and DisplaysNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper DisplaysSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Danqing Liu
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper DisplaysSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and DevicesDepartment of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyDen Dolech 2, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Broer
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper DisplaysSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and DevicesDepartment of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyDen Dolech 2, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Jiawen Chen
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and DisplaysNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and DisplaysNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006China
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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23
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Hou J, Mondal A, Long G, Haan L, Zhao W, Zhou G, Liu D, Broer DJ, Chen J, Feringa BL. Photo‐responsive Helical Motion by Light‐Driven Molecular Motors in a Liquid‐Crystal Network. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Hou
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Anirban Mondal
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Guiying Long
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Laurens Haan
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Wei Zhao
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Danqing Liu
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Broer
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Jiawen Chen
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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24
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Wang J, Huang S, Zhang Y, Liu J, Yu M, Yu H. Hydrogen Bond Enhances Photomechanical Swing of Liquid-Crystalline Polymer Bilayer Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6585-6596. [PMID: 33512986 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical swing is common in nature, such as sound waves, wingbeat of birds, and heartbeat, which is important to convert input energy into continuous motion. Here, we report a photodriven swing actuator composed of commercially available polyimide (Kapton) and azobenzene-containing liquid-crystalline polymers. The liquid-crystalline polymers act as the photoactive layer, which were synthesized by copolymerization of one benzenecarboxylic acid-containing monomer (M6BCOOH) and one azobenzene-containing monomer (M6ABOC2) with different molar ratios. The Kapton layer with a high elastic modulus is photoinert and functions as the substrate layer. After thermal annealing, the film displays chaotic swing under continuous irradiation of actinic light. Interestingly, the swing amplitude is greatly enhanced by the existence of supramolecular hydrogen bonding in liquid-crystalline polymer films. It is the introduction of M6BCOOH to the copolymer that accelerates the trans-cis photoisomerization rate of azobenzenes. Also, it forms a hydrogen bond as physical crosslinking sites, enabling the polymer film to work as a whole. Thus, it enhances the driving force for photomechanical deformation. Moreover, it improves the elastic modulus of the photoactive layer and modulates the swing behavior of the bilayer strip. More importantly, the formation of a hydrogen bond in the form of acidic dimers has a spatial confinement effect, extending the timescale of photodriven swing. The photomechanical self-vibration of the bilayer film can be ascribed to the combination of the photoisomerization process of azobenzenes with the local photosoftening effect of liquid-crystalline polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchuang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Waste, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Sciences and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Waste, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Sciences and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jingang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Waste, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Sciences and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Haifeng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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25
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Tong F, Kitagawa D, Bushnak I, Al-Kaysi RO, Bardeen CJ. Light-Powered Autonomous Flagella-Like Motion of Molecular Crystal Microwires. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2414-2423. [PMID: 33185017 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability to exhibit life-like oscillatory motion fueled by light represents a new capability for stimuli-responsive materials. Although this capability has been demonstrated in soft materials like polymers, it has never been observed in molecular crystals, which are not generally regarded as dynamic objects. In this work, it is shown that molecular crystalline microwires composed of (Z)-2-(3-(anthracen-9-yl)allylidene)malononitrile ((Z)-DVAM) can be continuously actuated when exposed to a combination of ultraviolet and visible light. The photo-induced motion mimics the oscillatory behavior of biological flagella and enables propagation of microwires across a surface and through liquids, with translational speeds up to 7 μm s-1 . This is the first example of molecular crystals that show complex oscillatory behavior under continuous irradiation. A model that relates the rotation of the transition dipole moment between reversible E→Z photoisomerization to the microscopic torque can qualitatively reproduce how the rotational frequency depends on light intensity and polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.,Current Address: Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Daichi Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Ibraheem Bushnak
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, and, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, (Nanomedicine), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabih O Al-Kaysi
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, and, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, (Nanomedicine), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher J Bardeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Kulkarni C, Curvers RHN, Vantomme G, Broer DJ, Palmans ARA, Meskers SCJ, Meijer EW. Consequences of Chirality in Directing the Pathway of Cholesteric Helix Inversion of π-Conjugated Polymers by Light. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005720. [PMID: 33270297 PMCID: PMC11468155 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Control over main-chain motion of chiral π-conjugated polymers can lead to unexpected new functionalities. Here, it is shown that by combining photoswitchable azobenzene units in conjugation with chiral fluorene comonomers and appropriate plasticizers, the polymer organization and chiroptical properties of these alternating copolymers steered by light and its state of polarization can be dynamically controlled. The configuration of the stereogenic centers in the side chains of the fluorene units determines the handedness of the cholesteric organization in thermally annealed films, indicating cooperative behavior. The polymer alignment and helicity of the supramolecular arrangement can be switched by irradiating with linearly and circularly polarized light, respectively. Intriguingly, when switching the handedness of thermally induced cholesteric organizations by illuminating with circularly polarized light that is opposite to the handedness of the cholesteric phases, a nematic-like intermediate state is observed during helix interconversion. By the sequence of irradiation with left and right circularly polarized light followed by thermal annealing, an asymmetric motion, reminiscent of that seen in molecular motors is observed. These findings suggest that functional conjugated polymers can exhibit emergent properties at mesoscopic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidambar Kulkarni
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology (IIT) BombayPowaiMumbai400076India
| | - Rick H. N. Curvers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
| | - Ghislaine Vantomme
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Broer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory for Functional Organic Materials and Devices (SFD)Eindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
| | - Stefan C. J. Meskers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Molecular Materials and NanosystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513Eindhoven5600 MBThe Netherlands
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Tong F, Kitagawa D, Bushnak I, Al‐Kaysi RO, Bardeen CJ. Light‐Powered Autonomous Flagella‐Like Motion of Molecular Crystal Microwires. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tong
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Riverside 501 Big Springs Road Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Current Address: Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Daichi Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka City University 3-3-138 Sugimoto Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Ibraheem Bushnak
- College of Science and Health Professions King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, (Nanomedicine) Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs Riyadh 11426 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabih O. Al‐Kaysi
- College of Science and Health Professions King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, (Nanomedicine) Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs Riyadh 11426 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher J. Bardeen
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Riverside 501 Big Springs Road Riverside CA 92521 USA
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28
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Robust Dynamics of Synthetic Molecular Systems as a Consequence of Broken Symmetry. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The construction of molecular robot-like objects that imitate living things is an important challenge for current chemists. Such molecular devices are expected to perform their duties robustly to carry out mechanical motion, process information, and make independent decisions. Dissipative self-organization plays an essential role in meeting these purposes. To produce a micro-robot that can perform the above tasks autonomously as a single entity, a function generator is required. Although many elegant review articles featuring chemical devices that mimic biological mechanical functions have been published recently, the dissipative structure, which is the minimum requirement for mimicking these functions, has not been sufficiently discussed. This article aims to show clearly that dissipative self-organization is a phenomenon involving autonomy, robustness, mechanical functions, and energy transformation. Moreover, it reports the results of recent experiments with an autonomous light-driven molecular device that achieves all of these features. In addition, a chemical model of cell-amplification is also discussed to focus on the generation of hierarchical movement by dissipative self-organization. By reviewing this research, it may be perceived that mainstream approaches to synthetic chemistry have not always been appropriate. In summary, the author proposes that the integration of catalytic functions is a key issue for the creation of autonomous microarchitecture.
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29
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Kageyama Y, Ikegami T, Satonaga S, Obara K, Sato H, Takeda S. Light-Driven Flipping of Azobenzene Assemblies-Sparse Crystal Structures and Responsive Behaviour to Polarised Light. Chemistry 2020; 26:10759-10768. [PMID: 32190919 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For creation of autonomous microrobots, which are able to move under conditions of a constant environment and a constant energy supply, a mechanism for maintenance of mechanical motion with a capacity for self-control is required. This requirement, known as self-organisation, represents the ability of a system to evade equilibrium through formation of a spatio-temporal pattern. Following our previous finding of a self-oscillatory flipping motion of an azobenzene-containing co-crystal, we present here regulation of the flipping motion by a light-receiving sensor molecule in relation to the alignment and role of azobenzene molecules in crystals. In the anisotropic structure, a specific azobenzene molecule acts as a reaction centre for the conversion of light to a mechanical function process, whereas the other molecules act as modulators for spatio-pattern regulation. The present results demonstrate that autonomously drivable molecular materials can exhibit information-responsive, self-sustainable motion by incorporating stimulus-responsive sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kageyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tomonori Ikegami
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Satonaga
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kazuma Obara
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | | | - Sadamu Takeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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30
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Shao Q, Zhang S, Hu Z, Zhou Y. Multimode Self‐Oscillating Vesicle Transformers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Shaodong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zhen Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
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31
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Shao Q, Zhang S, Hu Z, Zhou Y. Multimode Self‐Oscillating Vesicle Transformers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17125-17129. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Shaodong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zhen Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
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32
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Kitano A, Nakano H. Photomechanical Behaviors of Azobenzene-based Amorphous Molecular Materials: Photoinduced Structural Changes of Amorphous Films of 4-[Bis(9,9-dimethylfluoren-2-yl)amino]azobenzene Analogues Fabricated on the Surface of Agar Gel. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2020. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.33.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayame Kitano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Muroran Institute of Technology
| | - Hideyuki Nakano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Muroran Institute of Technology
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33
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Chen S, Leung FKC, Stuart MCA, Wang C, Feringa BL. Dynamic Assemblies of Molecular Motor Amphiphiles Control Macroscopic Foam Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10163-10172. [PMID: 32379449 PMCID: PMC7273467 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive supramolecular assemblies controlling macroscopic transformations with high structural fluidity, i.e., foam properties, have attractive prospects for applications in soft materials ranging from biomedical systems to industrial processes, e.g., textile coloring. However, identifying the key processes for the amplification of molecular motion to a macroscopic level response is of fundamental importance for exerting the full potential of macroscopic structural transformations by external stimuli. Herein, we demonstrate the control of dynamic supramolecular assemblies in aqueous media and as a consequence their macroscopic foam properties, e.g., foamability and foam stability, by large geometrical transformations of dual light/heat stimuli-responsive molecular motor amphiphiles. Detailed insight into the reversible photoisomerization and thermal helix inversion at the molecular level, supramolecular assembly transformations at the microscopic level, and the stimuli-responsive foam properties at the macroscopic level, as determined by UV-vis absorption and NMR spectroscopies, electron microscopy, and foamability and in situ surface tension measurements, is presented. By selective use of external stimuli, e.g., light or heat, multiple states and properties of macroscopic foams can be controlled with very dilute aqueous solutions of the motor amphiphiles (0.2 weight%), demonstrating the potential of multiple stimuli-responsive supramolecular systems based on an identical molecular amphiphile and providing opportunities for future soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Chen
- Center
for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Key
Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles
Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Franco King-Chi Leung
- Center
for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- Center
for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chaoxia Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles
Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Center
for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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34
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Goulet-Hanssens A, Eisenreich F, Hecht S. Enlightening Materials with Photoswitches. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905966. [PMID: 31975456 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating molecular photoswitches into various materials provides unique opportunities for controlling their properties and functions with high spatiotemporal resolution using remote optical stimuli. The great and largely still untapped potential of these photoresponsive systems has not yet been fully exploited due to the fundamental challenges in harnessing geometrical and electronic changes on the molecular level to modulate macroscopic and bulk material properties. Herein, progress made during the past decade in the field of photoswitchable materials is highlighted. After pointing to some general design principles, materials with an increasing order of the integrated photoswitchable units are discussed, spanning the range from amorphous settings over surfaces/interfaces and supramolecular ensembles, to liquid crystalline and crystalline phases. Finally, some potential future directions are pointed out in the conclusion. In view of the exciting recent achievements in the field, the future emergence and further development of light-driven and optically programmable (inter)active materials and systems are eagerly anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Goulet-Hanssens
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Eisenreich
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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35
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Nishiguchi A, Zhang H, Schweizerhof S, Schulte MF, Mourran A, Möller M. 4D Printing of a Light-Driven Soft Actuator with Programmed Printing Density. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:12176-12185. [PMID: 32073253 PMCID: PMC7135850 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the concept of four-dimensional (4D) printing that combines a three-dimensional (3D) manufacturing process with dynamic modulation for bioinspired soft materials exhibiting more complex functionality. However, conventional approaches have drawbacks of low resolution, control of internal micro/nanostructure, and creation of fast, complex actuation due to a lack of high-resolution fabrication technology and suitable photoresist for soft materials. Here, we report an approach of 4D printing that develops a bioinspired soft actuator with a defined 3D geometry and programmed printing density. Multiphoton lithography (MPL) allows for controlling printing density in gels at pixel-by-pixel with a resolution of a few hundreds of nanometers, which tune swelling behaviors of gels in response to external stimuli. We printed a 3D soft actuator composed of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) and gold nanorods (AuNRs). To improve the resolution of printing, we synthesized a functional, thermoresponsive macrocrosslinker. Through plasmonic heating by AuNRs, nanocomposite-based soft actuators undergo nonequilibrium, programmed, and fast actuation. Light-mediated manufacture and manipulation (MPL and photothermal effect) offer the feasibility of 4D printing toward adaptive bioinspired soft materials.
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36
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37
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Sakakibara S, Yotsuji H, Higashiguchi K, Matsuda K. Photoinduced repetitive separation of a supramolecular assembly composed of an amphiphilic diarylethene mixture. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:7918-7925. [PMID: 31538159 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01301f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A supramolecular assembly composed of a two-component mixture of amphiphilic diarylethenes, which have octyloxycarbonyl and N-octylcarbamoyl groups, showed a unique macroscopic transformation upon irradiation with UV light and subsequent standing in the dark. Unlike the pure compounds, the assembly was repetitively separated into a blue sphere and a red-purple sparse structure. Both the blue sphere and the sparse structure turned into colorless spheres upon irradiation with visible light and the divided colorless spheres showed the same response to UV and visible light. Phase diagrams based on the change in absorption spectra upon temperature change suggested that the transformation originates from a LCST transition. In the 0.5 : 0.5 mixture, in contrast to the pure compounds, the transition temperature sharply changed at around 50% of the fraction of the closed-ring isomer. TEM imaging showed that the 0.5 : 0.5 mixture with high photoisomerization yield formed a 10 nm-sized network. Judging from the phase diagram and TEM images, the separation is understood as the local phase transition of the regions with a high fraction of the closed-ring isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Sakakibara
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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38
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Izumi A, Kumaoka K, Shimomura M, Sugita A. Nonresonant and Resonant Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of N-Ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-(4-nitrophenylazo) Aniline in Poly(methyl methacrylate) on Ag Films with Surface Roughness. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Izumi
- Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kumaoka
- Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Masaru Shimomura
- Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugita
- Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
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39
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Leung FK, Kajitani T, Stuart MCA, Fukushima T, Feringa BL. Dual‐Controlled Macroscopic Motions in a Supramolecular Hierarchical Assembly of Motor Amphiphiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10985-10989. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franco King‐Chi Leung
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen Netherlands
| | - Takashi Kajitani
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life ScienceInstitute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen Netherlands
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life ScienceInstitute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen Netherlands
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40
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Leung FK, Kajitani T, Stuart MCA, Fukushima T, Feringa BL. Dual‐Controlled Macroscopic Motions in a Supramolecular Hierarchical Assembly of Motor Amphiphiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franco King‐Chi Leung
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen Netherlands
| | - Takashi Kajitani
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life ScienceInstitute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen Netherlands
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life ScienceInstitute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen Netherlands
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41
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Kageyama Y. Light‐Powered Self‐Sustainable Macroscopic Motion for the Active Locomotion of Materials. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kageyama
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Science, Hokkaido University Kita-10 Nishi-8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0810 JAPAN
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tena‐Solsona
- Department of ChemistryTechnical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
- Institute for Advanced StudyTechnical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 2a 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Job Boekhoven
- Department of ChemistryTechnical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
- Institute for Advanced StudyTechnical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 2a 85748 Garching Germany
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43
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Higashiguchi K, Matsuda K. Photoinduced LCST Behavior of Amphiphilic Diarylethene Assemblies: Phototransformative Supramolecular Architectures and Photodriven Actuation. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2019. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.77.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University
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44
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Leung FKC, van den Enk T, Kajitani T, Chen J, Stuart MCA, Kuipers J, Fukushima T, Feringa BL. Supramolecular Packing and Macroscopic Alignment Controls Actuation Speed in Macroscopic Strings of Molecular Motor Amphiphiles. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17724-17733. [PMID: 30462498 PMCID: PMC6302472 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Three-dimensional organized unidirectionally
aligned and responsive
supramolecular structures have much potential in adaptive materials
ranging from biomedical components to soft actuator systems. However,
to control the supramolecular structure of these stimuli responsive,
for example photoactive, materials and control their actuation remains
a major challenge. Toward the design of “artificial muscles”,
herein, we demonstrate an approach that allows hierarchical control
of the supramolecular structure, and as a consequence its photoactuation
function, by electrostatic interaction between motor amphiphiles (MA)
and counterions. Detailed insight into the effect of various ions
on structural parameters for self-assembly from nano- to micrometer
scale in water including nanofiber formation and nanofiber aggregation
as well as the packing structure, degree of alignment, and actuation
speed of the macroscopic MA strings prepared from various metal chlorides
solution, as determined by electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction,
and actuation speed measurements, is presented. Macroscopic MA strings
prepared from calcium and magnesium ions provide a high degree of
alignment and fast response photoactuation. By the selection of metal
ions and chain length of MAs, the macroscopic MA string structure
and function can be controlled, demonstrating the potential of generating
multiple photoresponsive supramolecular systems from an identical
molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco King-Chi Leung
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Tobias van den Enk
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Takashi Kajitani
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta , Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503 , Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center , 1-1-1 Kouto , Sayo , Hyogo 679-5148 , Japan
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kuipers
- Department of Cell Biology, Molecular Imaging and Electron Microscopy, University Medical Center Groningen , University of Groningen , 9712 CP Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta , Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503 , Japan
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
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45
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Ragazzon G, Prins LJ. Energy consumption in chemical fuel-driven self-assembly. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 13:882-889. [PMID: 30224796 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nature extensively exploits high-energy transient self-assembly structures that are able to perform work through a dissipative process. Often, self-assembly relies on the use of molecules as fuel that is consumed to drive thermodynamically unfavourable reactions away from equilibrium. Implementing this kind of non-equilibrium self-assembly process in synthetic systems is bound to profoundly impact the fields of chemistry, materials science and synthetic biology, leading to innovative dissipative structures able to convert and store chemical energy. Yet, despite increasing efforts, the basic principles underlying chemical fuel-driven dissipative self-assembly are often overlooked, generating confusion around the meaning and definition of scientific terms, which does not favour progress in the field. The scope of this Perspective is to bring closer together current experimental approaches and conceptual frameworks. From our analysis it also emerges that chemically fuelled dissipative processes may have played a crucial role in evolutionary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Ragazzon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonard J Prins
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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46
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Nakano H, Ichikawa R, Ukai H, Kitano A. Photoinduced Shape Changes of Mixed Molecular Glass Particles Containing Azobenzene-Based Photochromic Amorphous Molecular Materials Fixed in Agar Gel. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:7775-7781. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b03651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Nakano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Muroran Institute of Technology, Mizumoto-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
| | - Ryota Ichikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Muroran Institute of Technology, Mizumoto-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Ukai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Muroran Institute of Technology, Mizumoto-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
| | - Ayame Kitano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Muroran Institute of Technology, Mizumoto-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
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47
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Baumann A, Sánchez-Ferrer A, Jacomine L, Martinoty P, Le Houerou V, Ziebert F, Kulić IM. Motorizing fibres with geometric zero-energy modes. NATURE MATERIALS 2018; 17:523-527. [PMID: 29713038 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Responsive materials1-3 have been used to generate structures with built-in complex geometries4-6, linear actuators7-9 and microswimmers10-12. These results suggest that complex, fully functional machines composed solely from shape-changing materials might be possible 13 . Nonetheless, to accomplish rotary motion in these materials still relies on the classical wheel and axle motifs. Here we explore geometric zero-energy modes to elicit rotary motion in elastic materials in the absence of a rigid wheel travelling around an axle. We show that prestrained polymer fibres closed into rings exhibit self-actuation and continuous motion when placed between two heat baths due to elastic deformations that arise from rotational-symmetry breaking around the rod's axis. Our findings illustrate a simple but robust model to create active motion in mechanically prestrained objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Baumann
- Institut Charles Sadron UPR22-CNRS, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Antoni Sánchez-Ferrer
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology (D-HEST), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Falko Ziebert
- Institut Charles Sadron UPR22-CNRS, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Igor M Kulić
- Institut Charles Sadron UPR22-CNRS, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
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48
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Li Z, Tang M, Jiang C, Bai R, Bai W. Photoinduced Reversible Morphological Transformation of Azobenzene-Containing Pseudo-2D Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1700880. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zili Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Miao Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Chen Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Ruke Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Wei Bai
- Institute of Material Science and Information Technology; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 P. R. China
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49
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van Rossum SAP, Tena-Solsona M, van Esch JH, Eelkema R, Boekhoven J. Dissipative out-of-equilibrium assembly of man-made supramolecular materials. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:5519-5535. [PMID: 28703817 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00246g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of dissipative self-assembly driven by chemical reaction networks for the creation of unique structures is gaining in popularity. In dissipative self-assembly, precursors are converted into self-assembling building blocks by the conversion of a source of energy, typically a photon or a fuel molecule. The self-assembling building block is intrinsically unstable and spontaneously reverts to its original precursor, thus giving the building block a limited lifetime. As a result, its presence is kinetically controlled, which gives the associated supramolecular material unique properties. For instance, formation and properties of these materials can be controlled over space and time by the kinetics of the coupled reaction network, they are autonomously self-healing and they are highly adaptive to small changes in their environment. By means of an example of a biological dissipative self-assembled material, the unique concepts at the basis of these supramolecular materials will be discussed. We then review recent efforts towards man-made dissipative assembly of structures and how their unique material properties have been characterized. In order to help further the field, we close with loosely defined design rules that are at the basis of the discussed examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A P van Rossum
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
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50
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Casimiro L, Groppi J, Baroncini M, La Rosa M, Credi A, Silvi S. Photochemical investigation of cyanoazobenzene derivatives as components of artificial supramolecular pumps. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:734-740. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00062j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The threading kinetics of a self-assembled molecular pump is increased upon functionalization of the azobenzene moiety with a cyano group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Casimiro
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”
- Università di Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures
| | - Jessica Groppi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures
- Università di Bologna and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures
- Università di Bologna and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari
| | - Marcello La Rosa
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures
- Università di Bologna and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures
- Università di Bologna and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”
- Università di Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures
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