1
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Jamagne R, Power MJ, Zhang ZH, Zango G, Gibber B, Leigh DA. Active template synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:10216-10252. [PMID: 39235620 PMCID: PMC11376342 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00430b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The active template synthesis of mechanically interlocked molecular architectures exploits the dual ability of various structural elements (metals or, in the case of metal-free active template synthesis, particular arrangements of functional groups) to serve as both a template for the organisation of building blocks and as a catalyst to facilitate the formation of covalent bonds between them. This enables the entwined or threaded intermediate structure to be covalently captured under kinetic control. Unlike classical passive template synthesis, the intercomponent interactions transiently used to promote the assembly typically do not 'live on' in the interlocked product, meaning that active template synthesis can be traceless and used for constructing mechanically interlocked molecules that do not feature strong binding interactions between the components. Since its introduction in 2006, active template synthesis has been used to prepare a variety of rotaxanes, catenanes and knots. Amongst the metal-ion-mediated versions of the strategy, the copper(I)-catalysed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) remains the most extensively used transformation, although a broad range of other catalytic reactions and transition metals also provide effective manifolds. In metal-free active template synthesis, the recent discovery of the acceleration of the reaction of primary amines with electrophiles through the cavity of crown ethers has proved effective for forming an array of rotaxanes without recognition elements, including compact rotaxane superbases, dissipatively assembled rotaxanes and molecular pumps. This Review details the active template concept, outlines its advantages and limitations for the synthesis of interlocked molecules, and charts the diverse set of reactions that have been used with this strategy to date. The application of active template synthesis in various domains is discussed, including molecular machinery, mechanical chirality, catalysis, molecular recognition and various aspects of materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Jamagne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Martin J Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Germán Zango
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Benjamin Gibber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
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2
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Lee CK, Feng Y, Tajik M, Violi JP, Donald WA, Stoddart JF, Kim DJ. Concise and Efficient Synthesis of Sequentially Isomeric Hetero[3]rotaxanes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:27109-27116. [PMID: 39305255 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c09406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Stereoisomerism, stemming from the spatial orientation of components in molecular structures, plays a decisive role in nature. While the unconventional bonding found in mechanically interlocked molecules gives rise to unique expressions of stereochemistry, the exploration of their stereoisomers is still in its infancy. Sequence isomerism, characterized by variations in the ordering of mechanically interlocked components in catenanes and rotaxanes, mirrors the sequence variations found in biological macromolecules. Herein, we report the use of artificial molecular pumps for the precise and simple production of sequentially isomeric hetero[3]rotaxanes. Utilizing redox-driven pumping cassettes with different rings, we have synthesized two hetero[3]rotaxane isomers in high isolated yields from two [2]rotaxanes. This research represents a significant advance in sequential molecular assembly, paving the way for the development of sophisticated, functionalized, mechanically interlocked materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K Lee
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yuanning Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Mohammad Tajik
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jake P Violi
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - William A Donald
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311215, China
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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3
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Liu X, Tian F, Zhang Z, Liu J, Wang S, Guo RC, Hu B, Wang H, Zhu H, Liu AA, Shi L, Yu Z. In Vivo Self-Sorting of Peptides via In Situ Assembly Evolution. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:24177-24187. [PMID: 39140408 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c10309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant progress achieved in artificial self-sorting in solution, operating self-sorting in the body remains a considerable challenge. Here, we report an in vivo self-sorting peptide system via an in situ assembly evolution for combined cancer therapy. The peptide E3C16-SS-EIY consists of two disulfide-connected segments, E3C16SH and SHEIY, capable of independent assembly into twisted or flat nanoribbons. While E3C16-SS-EIY assembles into nanorods, exposure to glutathione (GSH) leads to the conversion of the peptide into E3C16SH and SHEIY, thus promoting in situ evolution from the nanorods into self-sorted nanoribbons. Furthermore, incorporation of two ligand moieties targeting antiapoptotic protein XIAP and organellar endoplasmic reticulum (ER) into the self-sorted nanoribbons allows for simultaneous inhibition of XIAP and accumulation surrounding ER. This leads to the cytotoxicity toward the cancer cells with elevated GSH levels, through activating caspase-dependent apoptosis and inducing ER dysfunction. In vivo self-sorting of E3C16-SS-EIY decorated with ligand moieties is thoroughly validated by tissue studies. Tumor-bearing mouse experiments confirm the therapeutic efficacy of the self-sorted assemblies for inhibiting tumor growth, with excellent biosafety. Our findings demonstrate an efficient approach to develop in vivo self-sorting systems and thereby facilitating in situ formulation of biomedical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Juanzu Liu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ruo-Chen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Binbin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Han Zhu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - An-An Liu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Linqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhilin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
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4
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Rivero DS, Pérez-Pérez Y, Perretti MD, Santos T, Scoccia J, Tejedor D, Carrillo R. Kinetic Control of Complexity in Multiple Dynamic Libraries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406654. [PMID: 38660925 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Multiple dynamic libraries of compounds are generated when more than one reversible reaction comes into play. Commonly, two or more orthogonal reversible reactions are used, leading to non-communicating dynamic libraries which share no building blocks. Only a few examples of communicating libraries have been reported, and in all those cases, building blocks are reversibly exchanged from one library to the other, constituting an antiparallel dynamic covalent system. Herein we report that communication between two different dynamic libraries through an irreversible process is also possible. Indeed, alkyl amines cancel the dynamic regime on the nucleophilic substitution of tetrazines, generating kinetically inert compounds. Interestingly, such amine can be part of another dynamic library, an imine-amine exchange. Thus, both libraries are interconnected with each other by an irreversible process which leads to kinetically inert structures that contain parts from both libraries, causing a collapse of the complexity. Additionally, a latent irreversible intercommunication could be developed. In such a way, a stable molecular system with specific host-guest and fluorescence properties, could be irreversibly transformed when the right stimulus was applied, triggering the cancellation of the original supramolecular and luminescent properties and the emergence of new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Rivero
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3, 38206, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Yaiza Pérez-Pérez
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3, 38206, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Marcelle D Perretti
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3, 38206, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Tanausú Santos
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Jimena Scoccia
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3, 38206, La Laguna, Spain
| | - David Tejedor
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3, 38206, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Romen Carrillo
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3, 38206, La Laguna, Spain
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5
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Gallagher P, Savoini A, Saady A, Maynard JRJ, Butler PWV, Tizzard GJ, Goldup SM. Facial Selectivity in Mechanical Bond Formation: Axially Chiral Enantiomers and Geometric Isomers from a Simple Prochiral Macrocycle. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9134-9141. [PMID: 38507717 PMCID: PMC10996000 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
In 1971, Schill recognized that a prochiral macrocycle encircling an oriented axle led to geometric isomerism in rotaxanes. More recently, we identified an overlooked chiral stereogenic unit in rotaxanes that arises when a prochiral macrocycle encircles a prochiral axle. Here, we show that both stereogenic units can be accessed using equivalent strategies, with a single weak stereodifferentiating interaction sufficient for moderate to excellent stereoselectivity. Using this understanding, we demonstrated the first direct enantioselective (70% ee) synthesis of a mechanically axially chiral rotaxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter
R. Gallagher
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Andrea Savoini
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Abed Saady
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - John R. J. Maynard
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Patrick W. V. Butler
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Graham J. Tizzard
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Stephen M. Goldup
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
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6
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A chiral macrocycle for the stereoselective synthesis of mechanically planar chiral rotaxanes and catenanes. Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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7
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Han H, Seale JSW, Feng L, Qiu Y, Stoddart JF. Sequence‐controlled synthesis of rotaxanes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - James S. W. Seale
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - Yunyan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore Republic of Singapore
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- ZJU‐Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou China
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8
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Gaedke M, Hupatz H, Witte F, Rupf SM, Douglas C, Schröder HV, Fischer L, Malischewski M, Paulus B, Schalley CA. Sequence-sorted redox-switchable hetero[3]rotaxanes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01553b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Programming the sequence of functional units in redox-switchable hetero[3]rotaxanes is achieved by integrative self-sorting for a library of five crown ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Gaedke
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Hupatz
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Witte
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne M. Rupf
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Clara Douglas
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik V. Schröder
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Fischer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Malischewski
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Paulus
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Masai H, Oka Y, Terao J. Precision synthesis of linear oligorotaxanes and polyrotaxanes achieving well-defined positions and numbers of cyclic components on the axle. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:1644-1660. [PMID: 34927653 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03507j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interest in macromolecules has increased because of their functional properties, which can be tuned using precise organic synthetic methods. For example, desired functions have been imparted by controlling the nanoscale structures of such macromolecules. In particular, compounds with interlocked structures, including rotaxanes, have attracted attention because of their unique supramolecular structures. In such supramolecular structures, the mobility and freedom of the macrocycles are restricted by an axle and dependent on those of other macrocycles, which imparts unique functions to these threaded structures. Recently, methods for the ultrafine engineering and synthesis, as well as functions, of "defined" rotaxane structures that are not statistically dispersed on the axle (i.e., control over the number and position of cyclic molecules) have been reported. Various synthetic strategies allow access to such well-defined linear oligo- and polyrotaxanes, including [1]rotaxanes and [n]rotaxanes (mostly n > 3). These state-of-the-art synthetic methods have resulted in unique functions of these oligo-and polyrotaxane materials. Herein, we review the effective synthetic protocols and functions of precisely constructed one-dimensional oligomers and polymers bearing defined threaded structures, and discuss the latest reports and trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Masai
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuki Oka
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jun Terao
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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10
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Chan SM, Tang FK, Lam CY, Kwan CS, Hau SCK, Leung KCF. π-Stacking Stopper-Macrocycle Stabilized Dynamically Interlocked [2]Rotaxanes. Molecules 2021; 26:4704. [PMID: 34361858 PMCID: PMC8347712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of mechanically interlocked molecules is valuable due to their unique topologies. With π-stacking intercomponent interaction, e.g., phenanthroline and anthracene, novel [2]rotaxanes have been synthesized by dynamic imine clipping reaction. Their X-ray crystal structures indicate the π-stackings between the anthracene moiety (stopper) on the thread and the (hetero)aromatic rings at the macrocycle of the rotaxanes. Moreover, the length of glycol chains affects the extra π-stacking intercomponent interactions between the phenyl groups and the dimethoxy phenyl groups on the thread. Dynamic combinatorial library has shown at best 84% distribution of anthracene-threaded phenanthroline-based rotaxane, coinciding with the crystallography in that the additional π-stacking intercomponent interactions could increase the thermodynamic stability and selectivity of the rotaxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing-Ming Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (S.-M.C.); (F.-K.T.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Fung-Kit Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (S.-M.C.); (F.-K.T.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Ching-Yau Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (S.-M.C.); (F.-K.T.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Chak-Shing Kwan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (S.-M.C.); (F.-K.T.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Sam C. K. Hau
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ken Cham-Fai Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (S.-M.C.); (F.-K.T.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-S.K.)
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11
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Fuerst R, Breinbauer R. Activity-Based Protein Profiling (ABPP) of Oxidoreductases. Chembiochem 2021; 22:630-638. [PMID: 32881211 PMCID: PMC7894341 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) has been established as a tremendously useful proteomic tool for measuring the activity of proteins in their cellular context, annotating the function of uncharacterized proteins, and investigating the target profile of small-molecule inhibitors. Unlike hydrolases and other enzyme classes, which exhibit a characteristic nucleophilic residue, oxidoreductases have received much less attention in ABPP. In this minireview, the state of the art of ABPP of oxidoreductases is described and the scope and limitations of the existing approaches are discussed. It is noted that several ABPP probes have been described for various oxidases, but none so far for a reductase, which gives rise to opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fuerst
- Institute of Organic ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 98010GrazAustria
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- Institute of Organic ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 98010GrazAustria
- BIOTECHMEDGrazAustria
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12
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Taghavi Shahraki B, Maghsoudi S, Fatahi Y, Rabiee N, Bahadorikhalili S, Dinarvand R, Bagherzadeh M, Verpoort F. The flowering of Mechanically Interlocked Molecules: Novel approaches to the synthesis of rotaxanes and catenanes. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Hoyas Pérez N, Lewis JEM. Synthetic strategies towards mechanically interlocked oligomers and polymers. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6757-6780. [PMID: 32840554 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01583k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules have fascinated chemists for decades. Initially a tantalising synthetic challenge, interlocked molecules have continued to capture the imagination for their aesthetics and, increasingly, for their potential as molecular machines and use in materials applications. Whilst preliminary statistical attempts to prepare these molecules were exceedingly inefficient, a raft of template-directed strategies have now been realised, providing a vast toolbox from which chemists can access interlocked structures in excellent yields. For many envisaged applications it is desirable to move away from small, discrete interlocked molecules and turn to oligomers and polymers instead, either due to the need for multiple mechanical bonds within the desired material, or to exploit an extended scaffold for the organisation and arrangement of individual mechanically interlocked units. In this tutorial-style review we outline the synthetic strategies that have been employed for the synthesis of mechanically interlocked oligomers and polymers, including oligo-/polymerisation of (pseudo)interlocked precursors, metal-organic self-assembly, the use of orthogonal template motifs, iterative approaches and grafting onto polymer backbones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hoyas Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
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14
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Matsumoto K, Miki K, Tanaka R, Matsuda T, Nehira T, Hirao Y, Kurata H, Pescitelli G, Kubo T. Chiral Tetraarylmethane Derivative with Metal‐Coordinating Ability. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kouzou Matsumoto
- Institute of Natural SciencesSenshu University 2-1-1 Higashimita Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8580 Japan
| | - Kaori Miki
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceOsaka University 1-1 Machikaneyamacho Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Rina Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceOsaka University 1-1 Machikaneyamacho Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsuda
- Faculty of Integrated Arts and SciencesHiroshima University 1-7-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-hiroshima 739-8521 Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nehira
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for LifeHiroshima University 1-7-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-hiroshima 739-8521 Japan
| | - Yasukazu Hirao
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceOsaka University 1-1 Machikaneyamacho Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kurata
- Organization for Fundamental EducationFukui University of Technology 3-6-1 Gakuen Fukui 910-8505 Japan
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Department of Chemistry, via Moruzzi 13University of Pisa 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceOsaka University 1-1 Machikaneyamacho Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
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15
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Zhang Z, Tizzard GJ, Williams JAG, Goldup SM. Rotaxane Pt II-complexes: mechanical bonding for chemically robust luminophores and stimuli responsive behaviour. Chem Sci 2020; 11:1839-1847. [PMID: 34123277 PMCID: PMC8148368 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05507j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an approach to rotaxanes in which the metal ion of a cyclometallated PtII luminophore is embedded in the space created by the mechanical bond. Our results show that the interlocked ligand environment stabilises a normally labile PtII–triazole bond against displacement by competing ligands and that the crowded environment of the mechanical bond retards oxidation of the PtII centre, without perturbing the photophysical properties of the complex. When an additional pyridyl binding site is included in the axle, the luminescence of the PtII centre is quenched, an effect that can be selectively reversed by the binding of AgI. Our results suggest that readily available interlocked metal-based phosphors can be designed to be stimuli responsive and have advantages as stabilised triplet harvesting dopants for device applications. We report an approach to interlocked PtII luminophores in which the mechanical bond stabilises the coordination environment of the embedded metal ion.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zhang
- Chemistry, University of Southampton Southampton SO51 5PG UK
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16
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Zhou HY, Zong QS, Han Y, Chen CF. Recent advances in higher order rotaxane architectures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9916-9936. [PMID: 32638726 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03057k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite dramatic advances in the template-directed synthesis of archetypal [2]rotaxanes, higher order rotaxanes with multiple molecular components (rings or dumbbells) are relatively daunting subjects owing to their synthetic challenges. With unique interlocked architectures, higher order rotaxanes have found applications in artificial molecular machines. In this feature article, we will focus on the recent advances in higher order rotaxanes with well-defined structures. Different types of rotaxane architectures will be described, and their synthetic approaches will be highlighted. Moreover, the stimuli-responsive molecular motion with increasing complexity in these diverse architectures will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ye Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian-Shou Zong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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17
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Ye Z, Wang J, Kothapalli SSK, Yang Z, Chen L, Xu W, Cai Y, Zhang T, Xiao X, Deng P, Feng W, Yuan L. Controlling the selective synthesis of [2]- and [3]rotaxanes by intermolecular steric hindrance between the macrocyclic hosts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 56:1066-1069. [PMID: 31872194 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08253k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two hydrogen-bonded azo-macrocycles with little disparity of the side chains in steric hindrance exhibited a substantial difference in complexation (slow/fast exchange) towards bipyridinium. Inspired by this finding, these macrocycles were applied to efficiently and selectively construct [2]- and [3]rotaxanes through one-pot synthesis. The origin of the selectivity in this novel approach was elucidated by comparing single crystal structures, DFT calculations and stepwise synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zecong Ye
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Sudarshana Santhosh Kumar Kothapalli
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhiyao Yang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lixi Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Weitao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yimin Cai
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tinghui Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Pengchi Deng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wen Feng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lihua Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
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18
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Ng AWH, Yee C, Au‐Yeung HY. Radial Hetero[5]catenanes: Peripheral Isomer Sequences of the Interlocked Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17375-17382. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antony Wing Hung Ng
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Chi‐Chung Yee
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Ho Yu Au‐Yeung
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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19
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Ng AWH, Yee C, Au‐Yeung HY. Radial Hetero[5]catenanes: Peripheral Isomer Sequences of the Interlocked Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antony Wing Hung Ng
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Chi‐Chung Yee
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Ho Yu Au‐Yeung
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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20
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Van Raden JM, White BM, Zakharov LN, Jasti R. Nanohoop Rotaxanes from Active Metal Template Syntheses and Their Potential in Sensing Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7341-7345. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff M. Van Raden
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Brittany M. White
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
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21
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Van Raden JM, White BM, Zakharov LN, Jasti R. Nanohoop Rotaxanes from Active Metal Template Syntheses and Their Potential in Sensing Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff M. Van Raden
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Brittany M. White
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
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22
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Ayme JF, Beves JE, Campbell CJ, Leigh DA. Probing the Dynamics of the Imine-Based Pentafoil Knot and Pentameric Circular Helicate Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3605-3612. [PMID: 30707020 PMCID: PMC6429429 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We investigate the self-assembly
dynamics of an imine-based pentafoil
knot and related pentameric circular helicates, each derived from
a common bis(formylpyridine)bipyridyl building block, iron(II) chloride,
and either monoamines or a diamine. The mixing of circular helicates
derived from different amines led to the complete exchange of the N-alkyl residues on the periphery of the metallo-supramolecular
scaffolds over 4 days in DMSO at 60 °C. Under similar conditions,
deuterium-labeled and nonlabeled building blocks showed full dialdehyde
building block exchange over 13 days for open circular helicates but
was much slower for the analogous closed-loop pentafoil knot (>60
days). Although both knots and open circular helicates self-assemble
under thermodynamic control given sufficiently long reaction times,
this is significantly longer than the time taken to afford the maximum
product yield (2 days). Highly effective error correction occurs during
the synthesis of imine-based pentafoil molecular knots and pentameric
circular helicates despite, in practice, the systems not operating
under full thermodynamic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Ayme
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , The King's Buildings, West Mains Road , Edinburgh EH9 3JJ , United Kingdom
| | - Jonathon E Beves
- School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , The King's Buildings, West Mains Road , Edinburgh EH9 3JJ , United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Campbell
- School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , The King's Buildings, West Mains Road , Edinburgh EH9 3JJ , United Kingdom
| | - David A Leigh
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , The King's Buildings, West Mains Road , Edinburgh EH9 3JJ , United Kingdom
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23
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Lopez-Leonardo C, Martinez-Cuezva A, Bautista D, Alajarin M, Berna J. Homo and heteroassembly of amide-based [2]rotaxanes using α,α′-dimethyl-p-xylylenediamines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6787-6790. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02701g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The selective formation of [2]rotaxanes affords two out of seven possible interlocked isomers thanks to a marked conformational preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Lopez-Leonardo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | - A. Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | | | - M. Alajarin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | - J. Berna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
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24
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Cirulli M, Kaur A, Lewis JEM, Zhang Z, Kitchen JA, Goldup SM, Roessler MM. Rotaxane-Based Transition Metal Complexes: Effect of the Mechanical Bond on Structure and Electronic Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:879-889. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Cirulli
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Amanpreet Kaur
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - James E. M. Lewis
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Jonathan A. Kitchen
- Chemistry, Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephen M. Goldup
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Maxie M. Roessler
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
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25
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Ogoshi T, Takashima S, Inada N, Asakawa H, Fukuma T, Shoji Y, Kajitani T, Fukushima T, Tada T, Dotera T, Kakuta T, Yamagishi TA. Ring shape-dependent self-sorting of pillar[n]arenes assembled on a surface. Commun Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-018-0094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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26
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Abstract
Heterorotaxanes, in which at least two types of macrocycles were introduced as the wheel components in rotaxanes, have attracted more and more attention during the past few decades owing to their unique structural features and intriguing properties. The coexistence of varied macrocycles endows the resultant heterorotaxanes not only versatile shuttling and switching behaviors but also great potential for the construction of functional rotaxane systems for applications. In this feature article, a survey of the successful synthesis of heterorotaxanes will be provided based on the various strategies towards the synthesis of heterorotaxanes, i.e. orthogonal binding approach, self-sorting approach, cooperative capture approach, active metal template approach, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Qing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Jinks MA, de Juan A, Denis M, Fletcher CJ, Galli M, Jamieson EMG, Modicom F, Zhang Z, Goldup SM. Stereoselective Synthesis of Mechanically Planar Chiral Rotaxanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14806-14810. [PMID: 30253008 PMCID: PMC6220991 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chiral interlocked molecules in which the mechanical bond provides the sole stereogenic unit are typically produced with no control over the mechanical stereochemistry. Here we report a stereoselective approach to mechanically planar chiral rotaxanes in up to 98:2 d.r. using a readily available α-amino acid-derived azide. Symmetrization of the covalent stereocenter yields a rotaxane in which the mechanical bond provides the only stereogenic element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Jinks
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, HighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Alberto de Juan
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, HighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Mathieu Denis
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, HighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | | | - Marzia Galli
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, HighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | | | - Florian Modicom
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, HighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, HighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
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28
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Jinks MA, de Juan A, Denis M, Fletcher CJ, Galli M, Jamieson EMG, Modicom F, Zhang Z, Goldup SM. Stereoselective Synthesis of Mechanically Planar Chiral Rotaxanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Jinks
- Chemistry; University of Southampton, Highfield; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Alberto de Juan
- Chemistry; University of Southampton, Highfield; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Mathieu Denis
- Chemistry; University of Southampton, Highfield; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | | | - Marzia Galli
- Chemistry; University of Southampton, Highfield; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | | | - Florian Modicom
- Chemistry; University of Southampton, Highfield; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Chemistry; University of Southampton, Highfield; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Stephen M. Goldup
- Chemistry; University of Southampton, Highfield; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
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29
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Jamieson EMG, Modicom F, Goldup SM. Chirality in rotaxanes and catenanes. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5266-5311. [PMID: 29796501 PMCID: PMC6049620 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although chiral mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) have been synthesised and studied, enantiopure examples are relatively under-represented in the pantheon of reported catenanes and rotaxanes and the underlying chirality of the system is often even overlooked. This is changing with the advent of new applications of MIMs in catalysis, sensing and materials and the appearance of new methods to access unusual stereogenic units unique to the mechanical bond. Here we discuss the different stereogenic units that have been investigated in catenanes and rotaxanes, examples of their application, methods for assigning absolute stereochemistry and provide a perspective on future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. M. G. Jamieson
- Chemistry
, University of Southampton
,
University Road, Highfield
, Southampton
, SO17 1BJ
, UK
.
| | - F. Modicom
- Chemistry
, University of Southampton
,
University Road, Highfield
, Southampton
, SO17 1BJ
, UK
.
| | - S. M. Goldup
- Chemistry
, University of Southampton
,
University Road, Highfield
, Southampton
, SO17 1BJ
, UK
.
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30
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Denis M, Qin L, Turner P, Jolliffe KA, Goldup SM. A Fluorescent Ditopic Rotaxane Ion-Pair Host. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5315-5319. [PMID: 29393993 PMCID: PMC5947583 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a rotaxane based on a simple urea motif that binds Cl- selectively as a separated ion pair with H+ and reports the anion binding event through a fluorescence switch-on response. The host selectively binds Cl- over more basic anions, which deprotonate the framework, and less basic anions, which bind more weakly. The mechanical bond also imparts size selectivity to the ditopic host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Denis
- ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonHighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Lei Qin
- School of ChemistryThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Peter Turner
- School of ChemistryThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
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31
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Denis M, Pancholi J, Jobe K, Watkinson M, Goldup SM. Chelating Rotaxane Ligands as Fluorescent Sensors for Metal Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5310-5314. [PMID: 29537728 PMCID: PMC5947674 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although metal-ion-binding interlocked molecules have been under intense investigation for over three decades, their application as scaffolds for the development of sensors for metal ions remains underexplored. In this work, we demonstrate the potential of simple rotaxanes as metal-ion-responsive ligand scaffolds through the development of a proof-of-concept selective sensor for Zn2+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Denis
- ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonHighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Jessica Pancholi
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUK
| | - Kajally Jobe
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUK
| | - Michael Watkinson
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUK
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32
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Ring-through-ring molecular shuttling in a saturated [3]rotaxane. Nat Chem 2018; 10:625-630. [PMID: 29713030 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules such as rotaxanes and catenanes comprise two or more components whose motion relative to each other can be controlled. A [2]rotaxane molecular shuttle, for example, consists of an axle bearing two recognition sites and a single macrocyclic wheel that can undergo a to-and-fro motion along the axle-shuttling between the recognition sites. The ability of mechanically interlocked molecules to undergo this type of large-amplitude change is the core mechanism behind almost every interlocked molecular switch or machine, including sophisticated mechanical systems such as a molecular elevator and a peptide synthesizer. Here, as a way to expand the scope of dynamics possible at the molecular level, we have developed a molecular shuttling mechanism involving the exchange of rings between two recognition sites in a saturated [3]rotaxane (one with no empty recognition sites). This was accomplished by passing a smaller ring through a larger one, thus achieving ring-through-ring molecular shuttling.
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33
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Denis M, Pancholi J, Jobe K, Watkinson M, Goldup SM. Chelating Rotaxane Ligands as Fluorescent Sensors for Metal Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Denis
- Chemistry; University of Southampton; Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Jessica Pancholi
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Queen Mary University of London; Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
| | - Kajally Jobe
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Queen Mary University of London; Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
| | - Michael Watkinson
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Queen Mary University of London; Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
| | - Stephen M. Goldup
- Chemistry; University of Southampton; Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
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34
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Lewis JEM, Modicom F, Goldup SM. Efficient Multicomponent Active Template Synthesis of Catenanes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4787-4791. [PMID: 29558129 PMCID: PMC5916464 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe a simple and high yielding active template synthesis of [2]catenanes. In addition to mechanical bond formation using a single premacrocycle bearing an azide and alkyne moiety, our method is also suitable for the co-macrocyclization of readily available bis-alkyne and bis-azide comonomers and even short alkyne/azide components which oligomerize prior to mechanical bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E M Lewis
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Highfield , Southampton SO17 1BJ , United Kingdom
| | - Florian Modicom
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Highfield , Southampton SO17 1BJ , United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Goldup
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Highfield , Southampton SO17 1BJ , United Kingdom
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35
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Denis M, Qin L, Turner P, Jolliffe KA, Goldup SM. A Fluorescent Ditopic Rotaxane Ion-Pair Host. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201713105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Denis
- Chemistry; University of Southampton; Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Lei Qin
- School of Chemistry; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Peter Turner
- School of Chemistry; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | | | - Stephen M. Goldup
- Chemistry; University of Southampton; Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
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36
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Gaikwad S, Pramanik S, De S, Schmittel M. A high-speed network of nanoswitches for on/off control of catalysis. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:1786-1790. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04695b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Copper(i) ion translocation is the key for fast and reliable communication between networked devices in the catalytic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Gaikwad
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Susnata Pramanik
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Soumen De
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
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37
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Lewis JEM, Galli M, Goldup SM. Properties and emerging applications of mechanically interlocked ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:298-312. [PMID: 27819362 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07377h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules have a long and rich history as ligands thanks to the key role coordination chemistry has played in the development of high yielding passive template syntheses of rotaxanes and catenanes. In this Feature Article, we highlight the effect of the mechanical bond on the properties of metal ions bound within the sterically hindered environment of the macrocycle cavity, and discuss the emerging applications of interlocked ligands in catalysis, sensing and supramolecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E M Lewis
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Marzia Galli
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Stephen M Goldup
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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38
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Ngo TH, Labuta J, Lim GN, Webre WA, D'Souza F, Karr PA, Lewis JEM, Hill JP, Ariga K, Goldup SM. Porphyrinoid rotaxanes: building a mechanical picket fence. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6679-6685. [PMID: 30155230 PMCID: PMC6103255 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03165c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Building on recent progress in the synthesis of functional porphyrins for a range of applications using the Cu-mediated azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction, we describe the active template CuAAC synthesis of interlocked triazole functionalised porphyrinoids in excellent yield. By synthesising interlocked analogues of previously studied porphyrin-corrole conjugates, we demonstrate that this approach gives access to rotaxanes in which the detailed electronic properties of the axle component are unchanged but whose steric properties are transformed by the mechanical "picket fence" provided by the threaded rings. Our results suggest that interlocked functionalised porphyrins, readily available using the AT-CuAAC approach, are sterically hindered scaffolds for the development of new catalysts and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Ngo
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS) , WPI Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science , Namiki 1-1 , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan .
- WPI Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics , National Institute for Materials Science , Namiki 1-1 , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
| | - J Labuta
- WPI Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics , National Institute for Materials Science , Namiki 1-1 , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS-SENGEN) , National Institute for Materials Science , Sengen 1-2-1 , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0047 , Japan
| | - G N Lim
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle , 305070 , Denton , TX 76203 , USA .
| | - W A Webre
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle , 305070 , Denton , TX 76203 , USA .
| | - F D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle , 305070 , Denton , TX 76203 , USA .
| | - P A Karr
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics , Wayne State College , 111 Main Street , Wayne , Nebraska 68787 , USA
| | - J E M Lewis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southampton , University Road , Highfield , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK .
| | - J P Hill
- WPI Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics , National Institute for Materials Science , Namiki 1-1 , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
| | - K Ariga
- WPI Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics , National Institute for Materials Science , Namiki 1-1 , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
| | - S M Goldup
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southampton , University Road , Highfield , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK .
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39
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40
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Rao SJ, Zhang Q, Mei J, Ye XH, Gao C, Wang QC, Qu DH, Tian H. One-pot synthesis of hetero[6]rotaxane bearing three different kinds of macrocycle through a self-sorting process. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6777-6783. [PMID: 29147501 PMCID: PMC5643886 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03232c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A hetero[6]rotaxane bearing three different kinds of macrocycle is designed and successfully synthesized through a one-pot “click” reaction by employing a facile and efficient integrative self-sorting principle.
In this article, a six-component self-sorting process that involves three types of crown ether macrocycle and three types of cation guest molecule was carefully and thoroughly investigated. The six components include three kinds of crown ether, namely bis(p-phenylene-34-crown-10) (BPP34C10), dibenzo-24-crown-8 (DB24C8) and benzo-21-crown-7 (B21C7), and their corresponding cation guest molecules, namely a 4,4′-bipyridine dication (BPY2+) and dibenzylammonium (DBA) and benzylalkylammonium (BAA) ions, respectively. Based on this well-established highly selective six-component self-sorting process, a hetero[6]rotaxane bearing three different kinds of crown ether macrocycle was designed and successfully synthesized through a facile and efficient one-pot “click” stoppering strategy. Such work is proposed to be a significant advance in the construction of mechanically interlocked molecules with high structural complexity, as well as a good supplement in the areas of multi-component self-sorting and noncovalent self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia Rao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials , Institute of Fine Chemicals , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai , 200237 , China .
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials , Institute of Fine Chemicals , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai , 200237 , China .
| | - Ju Mei
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials , Institute of Fine Chemicals , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai , 200237 , China .
| | - Xu-Hao Ye
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials , Institute of Fine Chemicals , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai , 200237 , China .
| | - Chuan Gao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials , Institute of Fine Chemicals , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai , 200237 , China .
| | - Qiao-Chun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials , Institute of Fine Chemicals , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai , 200237 , China .
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials , Institute of Fine Chemicals , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai , 200237 , China .
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials , Institute of Fine Chemicals , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai , 200237 , China .
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41
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Masai H, Fujihara T, Tsuji Y, Terao J. Programmed Synthesis of Molecular Wires with Fixed Insulation and Defined Length Based on Oligo(phenylene ethynylene) and Permethylated α-Cyclodextrins. Chemistry 2017; 23:15073-15079. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Masai
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
- Present address: Graduate School of Frontier Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Chiba 277-8561 Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Fujihara
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yasushi Tsuji
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Jun Terao
- Department of Basic Science; Graduate School of Art and Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
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42
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Izatt-Christensen Award: H. L. Anderson / Cram Lehn Pedersen Prize: T. F. A. de Greef / Bob Hay Lectureship: S. M. Goldup and S. L. Cockroft. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Izatt-Christensen-Preis: H. L. Anderson / Cram-Lehn-Pedersen-Preis: T. F. A. de Greef / Bob Hay Lectureship: S. M. Goldup und S. L. Cockroft. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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44
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Miyazaki Y, Kahlfuss C, Ogawa A, Matsumoto T, Wytko JA, Oohora K, Hayashi T, Weiss J. CuAAC in a Distal Pocket: Metal Active-Template Synthesis of Strapped-Porphyrin [2]Rotaxanes. Chemistry 2017; 23:13579-13582. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Miyazaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Christophe Kahlfuss
- Institut de Chimie; UMR 7177 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg; 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Ayumu Ogawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Application Laboratories; Rigaku Corporation; 3-9-12, Matsubara-cho, Akishima Tokyo 196-8666 Japan
| | - Jennifer A. Wytko
- Institut de Chimie; UMR 7177 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg; 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Koji Oohora
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Jean Weiss
- Institut de Chimie; UMR 7177 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg; 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Gao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced
Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhou-Lin Luan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced
Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced
Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Si-Jia Rao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced
Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced
Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced
Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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46
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Yamazaki Y, Mutoh Y, Saito S. Synthesis of Interlocked Compounds by Utilizing Bond-forming Reactions Mediated by Macrocyclic Phenanthroline-Cu Complexes. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601
| | - Yuichiro Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601
| | - Shinichi Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601
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47
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De Bo G, Dolphijn G, McTernan CT, Leigh DA. [2]Rotaxane Formation by Transition State Stabilization. J Am Chem Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume De Bo
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Dolphijn
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie T. McTernan
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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48
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Lewis JEM, Winn J, Goldup SM. Stepwise, Protecting Group Free Synthesis of [4]Rotaxanes. Molecules 2017; 22:E89. [PMID: 28075366 PMCID: PMC6155830 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the last three decades towards high yielding syntheses of rotaxanes, the preparation of systems constructed from more than two components remains a challenge. Herein we build upon our previous report of an active template copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) rotaxane synthesis with a diyne in which, following the formation of the first mechanical bond, the steric bulk of the macrocycle tempers the reactivity of the second alkyne unit. We have now extended this approach to the use of 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene in order to successively prepare [2]-, [3]- and [4]rotaxanes without the need for protecting group chemistry. Whilst the first two iterations proceeded in good yield, the steric shielding that affords this selectivity also significantly reduces the efficacy of the active template (AT)-CuAAC reaction of the third alkyne towards the preparation of [4]rotaxanes, resulting in severely diminished yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E M Lewis
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Joby Winn
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Stephen M Goldup
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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49
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Nagymihály Z, Caturello NAMS, Takátsy A, Aragay G, Kollár L, Albuquerque RQ, Csók Z. Palladium-Mediated Catalysis Leads to Intramolecular Narcissistic Self-Sorting on a Cavitand Platform. J Org Chem 2016; 82:390-396. [PMID: 27983839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation reactions have been used to directly convert a tetraiodocavitand intermediate into the corresponding carboxamides and 2-ketocarboxamides. When complex mixtures of the amine reactants are employed in competition experiments using polar solvents, such as DMF, no "mixed" products possessing structurally different amide fragments are detected either by 1H or 13C NMR. Only highly symmetrical cavitands are sorted out of a large number of potentially feasible products, which represents a rare example of intramolecular, narcissistic self-sorting. Our experimental results along with thermodynamic energy analysis suggest that the observed self-sorting is a symmetry-driven, kinetically controlled process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Nagymihály
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and MTA-PTE Research Group for Selective Chemical Syntheses, University of Pécs , Ifjúság 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Naidel A M S Caturello
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo , Av. Trab. São-carlense 400, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Anikó Takátsy
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs , Szigeti 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gemma Aragay
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - László Kollár
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and MTA-PTE Research Group for Selective Chemical Syntheses, University of Pécs , Ifjúság 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Rodrigo Q Albuquerque
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo , Av. Trab. São-carlense 400, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.,School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Zsolt Csók
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo , Av. Trab. São-carlense 400, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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50
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Li X, Yuan X, Deng P, Chen L, Ren Y, Wang C, Wu L, Feng W, Gong B, Yuan L. Macrocyclic shape-persistency of cyclo[6]aramide results in enhanced multipoint recognition for the highly efficient template-directed synthesis of rotaxanes. Chem Sci 2016; 8:2091-2100. [PMID: 28451329 PMCID: PMC5399641 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04714a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Examples of using two-dimensional shape-persistent macrocycles, i.e. those having noncollapsible and geometrically well-defined skeletons, for constructing mechanically interlocked molecules are scarce, which contrasts the many applications of these macrocycles in molecular recognition and functional self-assembly. Herein, we report the crucial role played by macrocyclic shape-persistency in enhancing multipoint recognition for the highly efficient template-directed synthesis of rotaxanes. Cyclo[6]aramides, with a near-planar conformation, are found to act as powerful hosts that bind bipyridinium salts with high affinities. This unique recognition module, composed of two macrocyclic molecules with one bipyridinium ion thread through the cavity, is observed both in the solid state and in solution, with unusually high binding constants ranging from ∼1013 M-2 to ∼1015 M-2 in acetone. The high efficacy of this recognition motif is embodied by the formation of compact [3]rotaxanes in excellent yields based on either a "click-capping" (91%) or "facile one-pot" (85%) approach, underscoring the great advantage of using H-bonded aromatic amide macrocycles for the highly efficient template-directed synthesis of mechanically interlocked structures. Furthermore, three cyclo[6]aramides bearing different peripheral chains 1-3 demonstrate high specificity in the synthesis of a [3]rotaxane from 1 and 2, and a [2]rotaxane from 3via a "facile one-pot" approach, in each case as the only isolated product. Analysis of the crystal structure of the [3]rotaxane reveals a highly compact binding mode that would be difficult to access using other macrocycles with a flexible backbone. Leveraging this unique recognition motif, resulting from the shape-persistency of these oligoamide macrocycles, in the template-directed synthesis of compact rotaxanes may open up new opportunities for the development of higher order interlocked molecules and artificial molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- College of Chemistry , Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education , Analytical & Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , Sichuan , China . ; ; Tel: +86-28-85412890
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- College of Chemistry , Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education , Analytical & Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , Sichuan , China . ; ; Tel: +86-28-85412890
| | - Pengchi Deng
- College of Chemistry , Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education , Analytical & Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , Sichuan , China . ; ; Tel: +86-28-85412890
| | - Lixi Chen
- College of Chemistry , Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education , Analytical & Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , Sichuan , China . ; ; Tel: +86-28-85412890
| | - Yi Ren
- College of Chemistry , Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education , Analytical & Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , Sichuan , China . ; ; Tel: +86-28-85412890
| | - Chengyuan Wang
- College of Chemistry , Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education , Analytical & Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , Sichuan , China . ; ; Tel: +86-28-85412890
| | - Lixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Wen Feng
- College of Chemistry , Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education , Analytical & Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , Sichuan , China . ; ; Tel: +86-28-85412890
| | - Bing Gong
- Department of Chemistry , The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260 , USA
| | - Lihua Yuan
- College of Chemistry , Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education , Analytical & Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , Sichuan , China . ; ; Tel: +86-28-85412890
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