1
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Wu K, He M, Mao B, Xing Y, Wei S, Jiang D, Wang S, Alkuhali AA, Guo J, Gan Z, Li M, Li X, Chen H. Enhanced delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system based on biomimetic nanoparticles for hepatitis B virus therapy. J Control Release 2024; 374:293-311. [PMID: 39151831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The persistent presence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in hepatocyte nuclei poses a significant obstacle to achieving a comprehensive cure for hepatitis B virus (HBV). Current applications of CRISPR/Cas9 for targeting and eliminating cccDNA have been confined to in vitro studies due to challenges in stable cccDNA expression in animal models and the limited non-immunogenicity of delivery systems. This study addresses these limitations by introducing a novel non-viral gene delivery system utilizing Gemini Surfactant (GS). The developed system creates stable and targeted CRISPR/Cas9 nanodrugs with a negatively charged surface through modification with red blood cell membranes (RBCM) or hepatocyte membranes (HCM), resulting in GS-pDNA@Cas9-CMs complexes. These GS-pDNA complexes demonstrated complete formation at a 4:1 w/w ratio. The in vitro transfection efficiency of GS-pDNA-HCM reached 54.61%, showing homotypic targeting and excellent safety. Additionally, the study identified the most effective single-guide RNA (sgRNA) from six sequences delivered by GS-pDNA@Cas9-HCM. Using GS-pDNA@Cas9-HCM, a significant reduction of 96.47% in in vitro HBV cccDNA and a 52.34% reduction in in vivo HBV cccDNA were observed, along with a notable decrease in other HBV-related markers. The investigation of GS complex uptake by AML-12 cells under varied time and temperature conditions revealed clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) for GS-pDNA and caveolin-mediated endocytosis (CVME) for GS-pDNA-HCM and GS-pDNA-RBCM. In summary, this research presents biomimetic gene-editing nanovectors based on GS (GS-pDNA@Cas9-CMs) and explores their precise and targeted clearance of cccDNA using CRISPR/Cas9, demonstrating good biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. This innovative approach provides a promising therapeutic strategy for advancing the cure of HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Miao He
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Binli Mao
- Western (Chongqing) Collaborative Innovation Center for Intelligent Diagnostics and Digital Medicine, Chongqing National Biomedicine Industry Base, Chongqing 401329, PR China; Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yangchen Xing
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Shiqi Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Dongjun Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Shunyao Wang
- Clinical Molecular Medicine Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Asma A Alkuhali
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Jinjun Guo
- Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Zongjie Gan
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Clinical Molecular Medicine Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Western (Chongqing) Collaborative Innovation Center for Intelligent Diagnostics and Digital Medicine, Chongqing National Biomedicine Industry Base, Chongqing 401329, PR China.
| | - Huali Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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2
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Masarwy R, Stotsky-Oterin L, Elisha A, Hazan-Halevy I, Peer D. Delivery of nucleic acid based genome editing platforms via lipid nanoparticles: Clinical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 211:115359. [PMID: 38857763 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas technology presents a promising approach for treating a wide range of diseases, including cancer and genetic disorders. Despite its potential, the translation of CRISPR/Cas into effective in-vivo gene therapy encounters challenges, primarily due to the need for safe and efficient delivery mechanisms. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), FDA-approved for RNA delivery, show potential for delivering also CRISPR/Cas, offering the capability to efficiently encapsulate large mRNA molecules with single guide RNAs. However, achieving precise targeting in-vivo remains a significant obstacle, necessitating further research into optimizing LNP formulations. Strategies to enhance specificity, such as modifying LNP structures and incorporating targeting ligands, are explored to improve organ and cell type targeting. Furthermore, the development of base and prime editing technology presents a potential breakthrough, offering precise modifications without generating double-strand breaks (DSBs). Prime editing, particularly when delivered via targeted LNPs, holds promise for treating diverse diseases safely and precisely. This review assesses both the progress made and the persistent challenges faced in using LNP-encapsulated CRISPR-based technologies for therapeutic purposes, with a particular focus on clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan Masarwy
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lior Stotsky-Oterin
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aviad Elisha
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inbal Hazan-Halevy
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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3
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Zhang Y, Zhuang X, Hu Y, Chen J, Hao K, Tang Z, Tian M, Tian H, Jin N, Chen X. Constructing a Ready-to-Use mRNA Vaccine Delivery System for the Prevention of Influenza A virus, Utilizing FDA-Approved Raw Materials. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:4281-4291. [PMID: 38843459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines, serving as a rapid and easily scalable emergency preventive measure, have played a pivotal role in preventing infectious diseases. The effectiveness of mRNA vaccines heavily relies on the delivery carrier, but the current market options are predominantly lipid nanoparticles. Their intricate preparation process and high transportation costs pose challenges for widespread use in remote areas. In this study, we harnessed FDA-approved polymer PLGA and lipid components widely employed in clinical experiments to craft a ready-to-use mRNA vaccine delivery system known as lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPP). Following formulation optimization, the PDCD nanoparticles emerged as the most effective, showcasing exceptional mRNA delivery capabilities both in vitro and in vivo. Loading PDCD nanoparticles with mRNA encoding the H1N1 influenza virus HA antigen-fused M2e peptide enabled the successful induction of M2e-specific antibodies and T cell immune responses in immunized mice. After three rounds of vaccine immunization, the mice demonstrated weight recovery to normal levels and maintained a survival rate exceeding 80% following an encounter with the H1N1 influenza virus. The innovative mRNA delivery system that we designed demonstrates outstanding effectiveness in preventing infectious diseases, with the potential to play an even more significant role in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xinyu Zhuang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Kai Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mingyao Tian
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Huayu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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4
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Zhang T, Yin H, Li Y, Yang H, Ge K, Zhang J, Yuan Q, Dai X, Naeem A, Weng Y, Huang Y, Liang XJ. Optimized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for organ-selective nucleic acids delivery in vivo. iScience 2024; 27:109804. [PMID: 38770138 PMCID: PMC11103379 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics offer tremendous promise for addressing a wide range of common public health conditions. However, the in vivo nucleic acids delivery faces significant biological challenges. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) possess several advantages, such as simple preparation, high stability, efficient cellular uptake, endosome escape capabilities, etc., making them suitable for delivery vectors. However, the extensive hepatic accumulation of LNPs poses a challenge for successful development of LNPs-based nucleic acid therapeutics for extrahepatic diseases. To overcome this hurdle, researchers have been focusing on modifying the surface properties of LNPs to achieve precise delivery. The review aims to provide current insights into strategies for LNPs-based organ-selective nucleic acid delivery. In addition, it delves into the general design principles, targeting mechanisms, and clinical development of organ-selective LNPs. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview to provide guidance and valuable insights for further research and development of organ-selective nucleic acid delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Han Yin
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Li
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haiyin Yang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002 China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002 China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xuyan Dai
- Apharige Therapeutics Co., Ltd, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Abid Naeem
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuhua Weng
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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5
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Lei L, Pan W, Shou X, Shao Y, Ye S, Zhang J, Kolliputi N, Shi L. Nanomaterials-assisted gene editing and synthetic biology for optimizing the treatment of pulmonary diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:343. [PMID: 38890749 PMCID: PMC11186260 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02627-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials in gene editing and synthetic biology has emerged as a pivotal strategy in the pursuit of refined treatment methodologies for pulmonary disorders. This review discusses the utilization of nanomaterial-assisted gene editing tools and synthetic biology techniques to promote the development of more precise and efficient treatments for pulmonary diseases. First, we briefly outline the characterization of the respiratory system and succinctly describe the principal applications of diverse nanomaterials in lung ailment treatment. Second, we elaborate on gene-editing tools, their configurations, and assorted delivery methods, while delving into the present state of nanomaterial-facilitated gene-editing interventions for a spectrum of pulmonary diseases. Subsequently, we briefly expound on synthetic biology and its deployment in biomedicine, focusing on research advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary conditions against the backdrop of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Finally, we summarize the extant lacunae in current research and delineate prospects for advancement in this domain. This holistic approach augments the development of pioneering solutions in lung disease treatment, thereby endowing patients with more efficacious and personalized therapeutic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanjie Lei
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China
| | - Wenjie Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China
| | - Xin Shou
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China
| | - Yunyuan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China
| | - Shuxuan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Narasaiah Kolliputi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Liyun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China.
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6
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Androsavich JR. Frameworks for transformational breakthroughs in RNA-based medicines. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:421-444. [PMID: 38740953 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-024-00943-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
RNA has sparked a revolution in modern medicine, with the potential to transform the way we treat diseases. Recent regulatory approvals, hundreds of new clinical trials, the emergence of CRISPR gene editing, and the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines in dramatic response to the COVID-19 pandemic have converged to create tremendous momentum and expectation. However, challenges with this relatively new class of drugs persist and require specialized knowledge and expertise to overcome. This Review explores shared strategies for developing RNA drug platforms, including layering technologies, addressing common biases and identifying gaps in understanding. It discusses the potential of RNA-based therapeutics to transform medicine, as well as the challenges associated with improving applicability, efficacy and safety profiles. Insights gained from RNA modalities such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and small interfering RNAs are used to identify important next steps for mRNA and gene editing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Androsavich
- RNA Accelerator, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Ginkgo Bioworks, Boston, MA, USA.
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7
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Simonsen JB. Lipid nanoparticle-based strategies for extrahepatic delivery of nucleic acid therapies - challenges and opportunities. J Control Release 2024; 370:763-772. [PMID: 38621638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The advent of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) containing ionizable cationic lipids has enabled the encapsulation, stabilization, and intracellular delivery of nucleic acid payloads, leading to FDA-approved siRNA-based therapy and mRNA-based vaccines. Other nucleic acid-based therapeutic modalities, including protein replacement and CRISPR-mediated gene knockout and editing, are being tested in clinical trials, in many cases, for the treatment of liver-related diseases. However, to fully exploit these therapies beyond the liver, improvements in their delivery to extrahepatic targets are needed. Towards this end, both active targeting strategies based on targeting ligands grafted onto LNPs and passive targeting relying on physicochemical LNP parameters such as surface composition, charge, and size are being evaluated. Often, the latter strategy depends on the interaction of LNPs with blood components, forming what is known as the biomolecular corona. Here, I discuss potential challenges related to current LNP-based targeting strategies and the studies of the biomolecular corona on LNPs. I propose potential solutions to overcome some of these obstacles and present approaches currently being tested in preclinical and clinical studies, which face fewer biological barriers than traditional organ-targeting approaches.
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8
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Tang X, Chen Y, Wang B, Luo D, Wang J, He Y, Feng L, Xu Y, Xie S, Chen M, Chang K. Autonomous Feedback-Driven Engineered DNAzyme-Coated Trojan Horse-like Nanocapsules for On-Demand CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery. ACS NANO 2024; 18:13950-13965. [PMID: 38751197 PMCID: PMC11140835 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Manipulating the expression of cellular genes through efficient CRISPR/Cas9 delivery is rapidly evolving into a desirable tumor therapeutics. The exposure of CRISPR/Cas9 to a complex external environment poses challenges for conventional delivery carriers in achieving responsive and accurate release. Here, we report a Trojan horse-like nanocapsule for the on-demand delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 in a microRNA-responsive manner, enabling precise tumor therapy. The nanocapsule comprises a nanoassembled, engineered DNAzyme shell encasing a Cas9/sgRNA complex core. The DNAzyme, functioning as a catalytic unit, undergoes a conformational change in the presence of tumor-associated microRNA, followed by activating a positive feedback-driven autonomous catabolic cycle of the nanocapsule shell. This catabolic cycle is accomplished through chain reactions of DNAzyme "cleavage-hybridization-cleavage", which ensures sensitivity in microRNA recognition and effective release of Cas9/sgRNA. Utilizing this Trojan horse-like nanocapsule, as low as 1.7 pM microRNA-21 can trigger the on-demand release of Cas9/sgRNA, enabling the specific editing of the protumorigenic microRNA coding gene. The resulting upregulation of tumor suppressor genes induces apoptosis in tumor cells, leading to significant inhibition of tumor growth by up to 75.94%. The Trojan horse-like nanocapsule, with superior programmability and biocompatibility, is anticipated to serve as a promising carrier for tailoring responsive gene editing systems, achieving enhanced antitumor specificity and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Tang
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yihui Chen
- Department
of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army
Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Binpan Wang
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department
of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca New York 14853-5701, United States
| | - Jue Wang
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yuan He
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Liu Feng
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School
of Clinical Medicine & The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu
Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Shuang Xie
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China
- College
of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third
Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Kai Chang
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China
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9
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Jolly KJ, Zhang F. IVT-mRNA reprogramming of myeloid cells for cancer immunotherapy. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2024; 100:247-288. [PMID: 39034054 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
In the past decade, in vitro transcribed messenger RNAs (IVT-mRNAs) have emerged as promising therapeutic molecules. The clinical success of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, have demonstrated that IVT-mRNAs can be safely and successfully used in a clinical setting, and efforts are underway to develop IVT-mRNAs for therapeutic applications. Current applications of mRNA-based therapy have been focused on (1) mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases and cancer treatment; (2) protein replacement therapy; (3) gene editing therapy; and (4) cell-reprogramming therapies. Due to the recent clinical progress of cell-based immunotherapies, the last direction-the use of IVT-mRNAs as a therapeutic approach to program immune cells for the treatment of cancer has received extensive attention from the cancer immunotherapy field. Myeloid cells are important components of our immune system, and they play critical roles in mediating disease progression and regulating immunity against diseases. In this chapter, we discussed the progress of using IVT-mRNAs as a therapeutic approach to program myeloid cells against cancer and other immune-related diseases. Towards this direction, we first reviewed the pharmacology of IVT-mRNAs and the biology of myeloid cells as well as myeloid cell-targeting therapeutics. We then presented a few cases of current IVT-mRNA-based approaches to target and reprogram myeloid cells for disease treatment and discussed the advantages and limitations of these approaches. Finally, we presented our considerations in designing mRNA-based approaches to target myeloid cells for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevon J Jolly
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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10
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Gurrola TE, Effah SN, Sariyer IK, Dampier W, Nonnemacher MR, Wigdahl B. Delivering CRISPR to the HIV-1 reservoirs. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1393974. [PMID: 38812680 PMCID: PMC11133543 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1393974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is well known as one of the most complex and difficult viral infections to cure. The difficulty in developing curative strategies arises in large part from the development of latent viral reservoirs (LVRs) within anatomical and cellular compartments of a host. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/ CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system shows remarkable potential for the inactivation and/or elimination of integrated proviral DNA within host cells, however, delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to infected cells is still a challenge. In this review, the main factors impacting delivery, the challenges for delivery to each of the LVRs, and the current successes for delivery to each reservoir will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore E. Gurrola
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Samuel N. Effah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ilker K. Sariyer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation and Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Will Dampier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael R. Nonnemacher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Brian Wigdahl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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11
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Dimitrievska M, Bansal D, Vitale M, Strouboulis J, Miccio A, Nicolaides KH, El Hoss S, Shangaris P, Jacków-Malinowska J. Revolutionising healing: Gene Editing's breakthrough against sickle cell disease. Blood Rev 2024; 65:101185. [PMID: 38493007 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2024.101185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in gene editing illuminate new potential therapeutic approaches for Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), a debilitating monogenic disorder caused by a point mutation in the β-globin gene. Despite the availability of several FDA-approved medications for symptomatic relief, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the sole curative option, underscoring a persistent need for novel treatments. This review delves into the growing field of gene editing, particularly the extensive research focused on curing haemoglobinopathies like SCD. We examine the use of techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 and homology-directed repair, base editing, and prime editing to either correct the pathogenic variant into a non-pathogenic or wild-type one or augment fetal haemoglobin (HbF) production. The article elucidates ways to optimize these tools for efficacious gene editing with minimal off-target effects and offers insights into their effective delivery into cells. Furthermore, we explore clinical trials involving alternative SCD treatment strategies, such as LentiGlobin therapy and autologous HSCT, distilling the current findings. This review consolidates vital information for the clinical translation of gene editing for SCD, providing strategic insights for investigators eager to further the development of gene editing for SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Dimitrievska
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Dravie Bansal
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Marta Vitale
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - John Strouboulis
- Red Cell Hematology Lab, Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Annarita Miccio
- Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation During Development, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris 75015, France
| | - Kypros H Nicolaides
- Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom; Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara El Hoss
- Red Cell Hematology Lab, Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Panicos Shangaris
- Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom; Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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12
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Srinivas T, Siqueira E, Guil S. Techniques for investigating lncRNA transcript functions in neurodevelopment. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:874-890. [PMID: 38145986 PMCID: PMC11176085 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are sequences of 200 nucleotides or more that are transcribed from a large portion of the mammalian genome. While hypothesized to have a variety of biological roles, many lncRNAs remain largely functionally uncharacterized due to unique challenges associated with their investigation. For example, some lncRNAs overlap with other genomic loci, are expressed in a cell-type-specific manner, and/or are differentially processed at the post-transcriptional level. The mammalian CNS contains a vast diversity of lncRNAs, and lncRNAs are highly abundant in the mammalian brain. However, interrogating lncRNA function in models of the CNS, particularly in vivo, can be complex and challenging. Here we review the breadth of methods used to investigate lncRNAs in the CNS, their merits, and the understanding they can provide with respect to neurodevelopment and pathophysiology. We discuss remaining challenges in the field and provide recommendations to assay lncRNAs based on current methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Srinivas
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Edilene Siqueira
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sonia Guil
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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13
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Moitra P, Skrodzki D, Molinaro M, Gunaseelan N, Sar D, Aditya T, Dahal D, Ray P, Pan D. Context-Responsive Nanoparticle Derived from Synthetic Zwitterionic Ionizable Phospholipids in Targeted CRISPR/Cas9 Therapy for Basal-like Breast Cancer. ACS NANO 2024; 18:9199-9220. [PMID: 38466962 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The majority of triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are basal-like breast cancers (BLBCs), which tend to be more aggressive, proliferate rapidly, and have poor clinical outcomes. A key prognostic biomarker and regulator of BLBC is the Forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) transcription factor. However, because of its functional placement inside the cell nucleus and its structural similarity with other related proteins, targeting FOXC1 for therapeutic benefit, particularly for BLBC, continues to be difficult. We envision targeted nonviral delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid toward the efficacious knockdown of FOXC1. Keeping in mind the challenges associated with the use of CRISPR/Cas9 in vivo, including off-targeting modifications, and effective release of the cargo, a nanoparticle with context responsive properties can be designed for efficient targeted delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid. Consequently, we have designed, synthesized, and characterized a zwitterionic amino phospholipid-derived transfecting nanoparticle for delivery of CRISPR/Cas9. The construct becomes positively charged only at low pH, which encourages membrane instability and makes it easier for nanoparticles to exit endosomes. This has enabled effective in vitro and in vivo downregulation of protein expression and genome editing. Following this, we have used EpCAM aptamer to make the system targeted toward BLBC cell lines and to reduce its off-target toxicity. The in vivo efficacy, biodistribution, preliminary pharmacokinetics, and biosafety of the optimized targeted CRISPR nanoplatform is then validated in a rodent xenograft model. Overall, we have attempted to knockout the proto-oncogenic FOXC1 expression in BLBC cases by efficient delivery of CRISPR effectors via a context-responsive nanoparticle delivery system derived from a designer lipid derivative. We believe that the nonviral approach for in vitro and in vivo delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 targeted toward FOXC1, studied herein, will greatly emphasize the therapeutic regimen for BLBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parikshit Moitra
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre of Blood Oxygen Transport & Hemostasis, University of Maryland-Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - David Skrodzki
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre of Blood Oxygen Transport & Hemostasis, University of Maryland-Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Matthew Molinaro
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Nivetha Gunaseelan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Dinabandhu Sar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Teresa Aditya
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Dipendra Dahal
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre of Blood Oxygen Transport & Hemostasis, University of Maryland-Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Priyanka Ray
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, University of Maryland-Baltimore County, Baltimore County, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre of Blood Oxygen Transport & Hemostasis, University of Maryland-Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, University of Maryland-Baltimore County, Baltimore County, Maryland 21250, United States
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, 101 Huck Life Sciences Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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14
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Witten J, Hu Y, Langer R, Anderson DG. Recent advances in nanoparticulate RNA delivery systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2307798120. [PMID: 38437569 PMCID: PMC10945842 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307798120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based RNA delivery has shown great progress in recent years with the approval of two mRNA vaccines for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and a liver-targeted siRNA therapy. Here, we discuss the preclinical and clinical advancement of new generations of RNA delivery therapies along multiple axes. Improvements in cargo design such as RNA circularization and data-driven untranslated region optimization can drive better mRNA expression. New materials discovery research has driven improved delivery to extrahepatic targets such as the lung and splenic immune cells, which could lead to pulmonary gene therapy and better cancer vaccines, respectively. Other organs and even specific cell types can be targeted for delivery via conjugation of small molecule ligands, antibodies, or peptides to RNA delivery nanoparticles. Moreover, the immune response to any RNA delivery nanoparticle plays a crucial role in determining efficacy. Targeting increased immunogenicity without induction of reactogenic side effects is crucial for vaccines, while minimization of immune response is important for gene therapies. New developments have addressed each of these priorities. Last, we discuss the range of RNA delivery clinical trials targeting diverse organs, cell types, and diseases and suggest some key advances that may play a role in the next wave of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Witten
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Yizong Hu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Daniel G. Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
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15
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Waldo JJ, Halmai JANM, Fink KD. Epigenetic editing for autosomal dominant neurological disorders. Front Genome Ed 2024; 6:1304110. [PMID: 38510848 PMCID: PMC10950933 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2024.1304110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to the molecules and mechanisms that modify gene expression states without changing the nucleotide context. These modifications are what encode the cell state during differentiation or epigenetic memory in mitosis. Epigenetic modifications can alter gene expression by changing the chromatin architecture by altering the affinity for DNA to wrap around histone octamers, forming nucleosomes. The higher affinity the DNA has for the histones, the tighter it will wrap and therefore induce a heterochromatin state, silencing gene expression. Several groups have shown the ability to harness the cell's natural epigenetic modification pathways to engineer proteins that can induce changes in epigenetics and consequently regulate gene expression. Therefore, epigenetic modification can be used to target and treat disorders through the modification of endogenous gene expression. The use of epigenetic modifications may prove an effective path towards regulating gene expression to potentially correct or cure genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kyle D. Fink
- Neurology Department, Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, MIND Institute, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, United States
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16
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Obrador E, Moreno-Murciano P, Oriol-Caballo M, López-Blanch R, Pineda B, Gutiérrez-Arroyo JL, Loras A, Gonzalez-Bonet LG, Martinez-Cadenas C, Estrela JM, Marqués-Torrejón MÁ. Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2529. [PMID: 38473776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) stands out as the most prevalent and lethal form of brain cancer. Although great efforts have been made by clinicians and researchers, no significant improvement in survival has been achieved since the Stupp protocol became the standard of care (SOC) in 2005. Despite multimodality treatments, recurrence is almost universal with survival rates under 2 years after diagnosis. Here, we discuss the recent progress in our understanding of GB pathophysiology, in particular, the importance of glioma stem cells (GSCs), the tumor microenvironment conditions, and epigenetic mechanisms involved in GB growth, aggressiveness and recurrence. The discussion on therapeutic strategies first covers the SOC treatment and targeted therapies that have been shown to interfere with different signaling pathways (pRB/CDK4/RB1/P16ink4, TP53/MDM2/P14arf, PI3k/Akt-PTEN, RAS/RAF/MEK, PARP) involved in GB tumorigenesis, pathophysiology, and treatment resistance acquisition. Below, we analyze several immunotherapeutic approaches (i.e., checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, CAR-modified NK or T cells, oncolytic virotherapy) that have been used in an attempt to enhance the immune response against GB, and thereby avoid recidivism or increase survival of GB patients. Finally, we present treatment attempts made using nanotherapies (nanometric structures having active anti-GB agents such as antibodies, chemotherapeutic/anti-angiogenic drugs or sensitizers, radionuclides, and molecules that target GB cellular receptors or open the blood-brain barrier) and non-ionizing energies (laser interstitial thermal therapy, high/low intensity focused ultrasounds, photodynamic/sonodynamic therapies and electroporation). The aim of this review is to discuss the advances and limitations of the current therapies and to present novel approaches that are under development or following clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Oriol-Caballo
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Blanch
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Pineda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Alba Loras
- Department of Medicine, Jaume I University of Castellon, 12071 Castellon, Spain
| | - Luis G Gonzalez-Bonet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Castellon General University Hospital, 12004 Castellon, Spain
| | | | - José M Estrela
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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17
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Ha Thi HT, Than VT. Recent applications of RNA therapeutic in clinics. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 203:115-150. [PMID: 38359994 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) therapy has been extensively researched for several decades and has garnered significant attention in recent years owing to its potential in treating a broad spectrum of diseases. It falls under the domain of gene therapy, leveraging RNA molecules as a therapeutic approach in medicine. RNA can be targeted using small-molecule drugs, or RNA molecules themselves can serve as drugs by interacting with proteins or other RNA molecules. While several RNA drugs have been granted clinical approval, numerous RNA-based therapeutics are presently undergoing clinical investigation or testing for various conditions, including genetic disorders, viral infections, and diverse forms of cancer. These therapies offer several advantages, such as high specificity, enabling precise targeting of disease-related genes or proteins, cost-effectiveness, and a relatively straightforward manufacturing process. Nevertheless, successful translation of RNA therapies into widespread clinical use necessitates addressing challenges related to delivery, stability, and potential off-target effects. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the general concepts of various classes of RNA-based therapeutics, the mechanistic basis of their function, as well as recent applications of RNA therapeutic in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyen Trang Ha Thi
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Van Thai Than
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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18
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Woodward EA, Wang E, Wallis C, Sharma R, Tie AWJ, Murthy N, Blancafort P. Protocol for Delivery of CRISPR/dCas9 Systems for Epigenetic Editing into Solid Tumors Using Lipid Nanoparticles Encapsulating RNA. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2842:267-287. [PMID: 39012601 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4051-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Genome editing tools, particularly the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) systems (e.g., CRISPR/Cas9), and their repurposing into epigenetic editing platforms, offer enormous potential as safe and customizable therapies for cancer. Specifically, various transcriptional abnormalities in human malignancies, such as silencing of tumor suppressors and ectopic re-expression of oncogenes, have been successfully targeted with virtually no off-target effects using CRISPR activation and repression systems. In these systems, the nuclease-deactivated Cas9 protein (dCas9) is fused to one or more domains inducing selective activation or repression of the targeted genes. Despite these advances, the efficient in vivo delivery of these molecules into the target cancer cells represents a critical barrier to accomplishing translation into a clinical therapy setting for cancer. Major obstacles include the large size of dCas9 fusion proteins, the necessity of multimodal delivery of protein and gRNAs, and the potential of these formulations to elicit detrimental immune responses.In this context, viral methods for delivering CRISPR face several limitations, such as the packaging capacity of the viral genome, the potential for integration of the nucleic acids into the host cells genome, and immunogenicity of viral proteins, posing serious safety concerns. The rapid development of mRNA vaccines in response to the COVID-19 pandemic has rekindled interest in mRNA-based approaches for CRISPR/dCas9 delivery. Simultaneously, due to their high loading capacity, scalability, customizable surface modification for cell targeting, and low immunogenicity, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been widely explored as nonviral vectors. In this chapter, we first describe the design of optimized dCas9-effector mRNAs and gRNAs for epigenetic editing. We outline formulations of LNPs suitable for dCas9 mRNA delivery. Additionally, we provide a protocol for the co-encapsulation of the dCas9-effector mRNAs and gRNA into these LNPs, along with detailed methods for delivering these formulations to both cell lines (in vitro) and mouse models of breast cancer (in vivo).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor A Woodward
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Edina Wang
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher Wallis
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- The Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ash W J Tie
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Niren Murthy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- The Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Pilar Blancafort
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
- The Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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19
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He S, Liu S. Zwitterionic materials for nucleic acid delivery and therapeutic applications. J Control Release 2024; 365:919-935. [PMID: 38103789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics have demonstrated substantial potential in combating various diseases. However, challenges persist, particularly in the delivery of multifunctional nucleic acids. To address this issue, numerous gene delivery vectors have been developed to fully unlock the potential of gene therapy. The advancement of innovative materials with exceptional delivery properties is critical to propel the clinical translation of nucleic acid drugs. Cationic vector materials have received extensive attention, while zwitterionic materials remain relatively underappreciated in delivery. In this review, we outline a diverse range of zwitterionic material nucleic acid carriers, predominantly encompassing zwitterionic lipids, polymers and peptides. Their respective chemical structures, synthesis approaches, properties, advantages, and therapeutic applications are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, we highlight the challenges and future opportunities associated with the development of zwitterionic vector materials. This review will aid to understand the zwitterionic materials in aiding gene delivery, contributing to the continual progress of nucleic acid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun He
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China; National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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20
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Fu Y, He X, Gao XD, Li F, Ge S, Yang Z, Fan X. Prime editing: current advances and therapeutic opportunities in human diseases. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:3278-3291. [PMID: 37973465 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Gene editing ushers in a new era of disease treatment since many genetic diseases are caused by base-pair mutations in genomic DNA. With the rapid development of genome editing technology, novel editing tools such as base editing and prime editing (PE) have attracted public attention, heralding a great leap forward in this field. PE, in particular, is characterized by no need for double-strand breaks (DSBs) or homology sequence templates with variable application scenarios, including point mutations as well as insertions or deletions. With higher editing efficiency and fewer byproducts than traditional editing tools, PE holds great promise as a therapeutic strategy for human diseases. Subsequently, a growing demand for the standard construction of PE system has spawned numerous easy-to-access internet resources and tools for personalized prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA) design and off-target site prediction. In this review, we mainly introduce the innovation and evolutionary strategy of PE systems and the auxiliary tools for PE design and analysis. Additionally, its application and future potential in the clinical field have been summarized and envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidian Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xin D Gao
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge MA 02141, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China.
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21
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Cheng Q, Farbiak L, Vaidya A, Guerrero E, Lee EE, Rose EK, Wang X, Robinson J, Lee SM, Wei T, Miller WE, Alvarez Benedicto E, Lian X, Wang RC, Siegwart DJ. In situ production and secretion of proteins endow therapeutic benefit against psoriasiform dermatitis and melanoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2313009120. [PMID: 38109533 PMCID: PMC10756300 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313009120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic medicines have the potential to treat various diseases; however, certain ailments including inflammatory diseases and cancer would benefit from control over extracellular localization of therapeutic proteins. A critical gap therefore remains the need to develop and incorporate methodologies that allow for posttranslational control over expression dynamics, localization, and stability of nucleic acid-generated protein therapeutics. To address this, we explored how the body's endogenous machinery controls protein localization through signal peptides (SPs), including how these motifs could be incorporated modularly into therapeutics. SPs serve as a virtual zip code for mRNA transcripts that direct the cell where to send completed proteins within the cell and the body. Utilizing this signaling biology, we incorporated secretory SP sequences upstream of mRNA transcripts coding for reporter, natural, and therapeutic proteins to induce secretion of the proteins into systemic circulation. SP sequences generated secretion of various engineered proteins into the bloodstream following intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous SP mRNA delivery by lipid, polymer, and ionizable phospholipid delivery carriers. SP-engineered etanercept/TNF-α inhibitor proteins demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in an imiquimod-induced psoriasis model by reducing hyperkeratosis and inflammation. An SP-engineered anti-PD-L1 construct mediated mRNA encoded proteins with longer serum half-lives that reduced tumor burden and extended survival in MC38 and B16F10 cancer models. The modular nature of SP platform should enable intracellular and extracellular localization control of various functional proteins for diverse therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Lukas Farbiak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Amogh Vaidya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Erick Guerrero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Eunice E. Lee
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Elysha K. Rose
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Joshua Robinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Sang M. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Tuo Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - William E. Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Ester Alvarez Benedicto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Xizhen Lian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Richard C. Wang
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Daniel J. Siegwart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
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22
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Saiding Q, Zhang Z, Chen S, Xiao F, Chen Y, Li Y, Zhen X, Khan MM, Chen W, Koo S, Kong N, Tao W. Nano-bio interactions in mRNA nanomedicine: Challenges and opportunities for targeted mRNA delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115116. [PMID: 37871748 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Upon entering the biological milieu, nanomedicines swiftly interact with the surrounding tissue fluid, subsequently being enveloped by a dynamic interplay of biomacromolecules, such as carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and cellular metabolites, but with predominant serum proteins within the biological corona. A notable consequence of the protein corona phenomenon is the unintentional loss of targeting ligands initially designed to direct nanomedicines toward particular cells or organs within the in vivo environment. mRNA nanomedicine displays high demand for specific cell and tissue-targeted delivery to effectively transport mRNA molecules into target cells, where they can exert their therapeutic effects with utmost efficacy. In this review, focusing on the delivery systems and tissue-specific applications, we aim to update the nanomedicine population with the prevailing and still enigmatic paradigm of nano-bio interactions, a formidable hurdle in the pursuit of targeted mRNA delivery. We also elucidate the current impediments faced in mRNA therapeutics and, by contemplating prospective avenues-either to modulate the corona or to adopt an 'ally from adversary' approach-aim to chart a course for advancing mRNA nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimanguli Saiding
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Zhongyang Zhang
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Shuying Chen
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Fan Xiao
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Yumeng Chen
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yongjiang Li
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Xueyan Zhen
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Muhammad Muzamil Khan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Seyoung Koo
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Na Kong
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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23
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Zong Y, Lin Y, Wei T, Cheng Q. Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) Enables mRNA Delivery for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303261. [PMID: 37196221 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) has received great attention in the prevention and treatment of various diseases due to the success of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines (Comirnaty and Spikevax). To meet the therapeutic purpose, it is required that mRNA must enter the target cells and express sufficient proteins. Therefore, the development of effective delivery systems is necessary and crucial. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) represents a remarkable vehicle that has indeed accelerated mRNA applications in humans, as several mRNA-based therapies have already been approved or are in clinical trials. In this review, the focus is on mRNA-LNP-mediated anticancer therapy. It summarizes the main development strategies of mRNA-LNP formulations, discusses representative therapeutic approaches in cancer, and points out current challenges and possible future directions of this research field. It is hoped that these delivered messages can help further improve the application of mRNA-LNP technology in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tuo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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24
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Wei T, Sun Y, Cheng Q, Chatterjee S, Traylor Z, Johnson LT, Coquelin ML, Wang J, Torres MJ, Lian X, Wang X, Xiao Y, Hodges CA, Siegwart DJ. Lung SORT LNPs enable precise homology-directed repair mediated CRISPR/Cas genome correction in cystic fibrosis models. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7322. [PMID: 37951948 PMCID: PMC10640563 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 10% of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients, particularly those with CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene nonsense mutations, lack effective treatments. The potential of gene correction therapy through delivery of the CRISPR/Cas system to CF-relevant organs/cells is hindered by the lack of efficient genome editor delivery carriers. Herein, we report improved Lung Selective Organ Targeting Lipid Nanoparticles (SORT LNPs) for efficient delivery of Cas9 mRNA, sgRNA, and donor ssDNA templates, enabling precise homology-directed repair-mediated gene correction in CF models. Optimized Lung SORT LNPs deliver mRNA to lung basal cells in Ai9 reporter mice. SORT LNP treatment successfully corrected the CFTR mutations in homozygous G542X mice and in patient-derived human bronchial epithelial cells with homozygous F508del mutations, leading to the restoration of CFTR protein expression and chloride transport function. This proof-of-concept study will contribute to accelerating the clinical development of mRNA LNPs for CF treatment through CRISPR/Cas gene correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yehui Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sumanta Chatterjee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zachary Traylor
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lindsay T Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Jialu Wang
- ReCode Therapeutics, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Xizhen Lian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yufen Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Craig A Hodges
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniel J Siegwart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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25
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Zha MJ, Cai CE, He PM. Outlook on the Security and Potential Improvements of CRISPR-Cas9. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1729-1736. [PMID: 36881252 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00708-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Gene editing technology is regarded as a good news to save patients with genetic diseases because of its significant function of specifically changing genetic information. From zinc-finger proteins to transcription activator-like effector protein nucleases gene editing tools are constantly updated. At the same time, scientists are constantly developing a variety of new gene editing therapy strategies, in order to promote gene editing therapy from various aspects and realize the maturity of the technology as soon as possible. In 2016, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated CAR-T therapy was the first to enter the clinical trial stage, indicating that the use of CRISPR-Cas system as the blade of the genetic lancet to save patients is officially on the schedule. The first challenge to achieve this exciting goal is to improve the security of the technology. This review will introduce the gene security issues faced by the CRISPR system as a clinical treatment tool, the current safer delivery methods and the newly developed CRISPR editing tools with higher precision. Many reviews summarize the means of improving the security of gene editing therapy and the comprehensive delivery method, while few articles focus on the threat of gene editing to the genomic security of the treatment target. Therefore, this review focuses on the risks brought by gene editing therapy to the patient genome, which provides a broader perspective for exploring and improving the security of gene editing therapy from two aspects of delivery system and CRISPR editing tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jun Zha
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Chun-Er Cai
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Pei-Min He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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26
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Zhang H, Tu T. Targeting Hepatitis B Virus DNA Using Designer Gene Editors. Clin Liver Dis 2023; 27:895-916. [PMID: 37778776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious disease that currently has no cure. Key forms of HBV include covalently closed circular DNA, which mediates chronic persistence, and integrated DNA, which contributes to immune evasion and carcinogenesis. These forms are not targeted by current therapies; however, gene editing technologies have emerged as promising tools for disrupting HBV DNA. Gene editor-induced double-stranded breaks at precise locations within the HBV genome can induce effects ranging from inactivation of target genes to complete degradation of the target genome. Although promising, several challenges remain in efficacy and safety that require solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Zhang
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney School of Medicine and Health, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Thomas Tu
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney School of Medicine and Health, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
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27
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Madigan V, Zhang F, Dahlman JE. Drug delivery systems for CRISPR-based genome editors. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:875-894. [PMID: 37723222 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-based drugs can theoretically manipulate any genetic target. In practice, however, these drugs must enter the desired cell without eliciting an unwanted immune response, so a delivery system is often required. Here, we review drug delivery systems for CRISPR-based genome editors, focusing on adeno-associated viruses and lipid nanoparticles. After describing how these systems are engineered and their subsequent characterization in preclinical animal models, we highlight data from recent clinical trials. Preclinical targeting mediated by polymers, proteins, including virus-like particles, and other vehicles that may deliver CRISPR systems in the future is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Madigan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James E Dahlman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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28
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Kevadiya BD, Islam F, Deol P, Zaman LA, Mosselhy DA, Ashaduzzaman M, Bajwa N, Routhu NK, Singh PA, Dawre S, Vora LK, Nahid S, Mathur D, Nayan MU, Baldi A, Kothari R, Patel TA, Madan J, Gounani Z, Bariwal J, Hettie KS, Gendelman HE. Delivery of gene editing therapeutics. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023; 54:102711. [PMID: 37813236 PMCID: PMC10843524 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2023.102711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
For the past decades, gene editing demonstrated the potential to attenuate each of the root causes of genetic, infectious, immune, cancerous, and degenerative disorders. More recently, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) editing proved effective for editing genomic, cancerous, or microbial DNA to limit disease onset or spread. However, the strategies to deliver CRISPR-Cas9 cargos and elicit protective immune responses requires safe delivery to disease targeted cells and tissues. While viral vector-based systems and viral particles demonstrate high efficiency and stable transgene expression, each are limited in their packaging capacities and secondary untoward immune responses. In contrast, the nonviral vector lipid nanoparticles were successfully used for as vaccine and therapeutic deliverables. Herein, we highlight each available gene delivery systems for treating and preventing a broad range of infectious, inflammatory, genetic, and degenerative diseases. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing for disease treatment and prevention is an emerging field that can change the outcome of many chronic debilitating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh D Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
| | - Farhana Islam
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
| | - Pallavi Deol
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA; Institute of Modeling Collaboration and Innovation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA.
| | - Lubaba A Zaman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
| | - Dina A Mosselhy
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Microbiological Unit, Fish Diseases Department, Animal Health Research Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt.
| | - Md Ashaduzzaman
- Department of Computer Science, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.
| | - Neha Bajwa
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Nanda Kishore Routhu
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Preet Amol Singh
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab.
| | - Shilpa Dawre
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs, NMIMS, Babulde Banks of Tapi River, MPTP Park, Mumbai-Agra Road, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India.
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
| | - Sumaiya Nahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
| | | | - Mohammad Ullah Nayan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
| | - Ashish Baldi
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab.
| | - Ramesh Kothari
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India.
| | - Tapan A Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Jitender Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-NIPER, Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India.
| | - Zahra Gounani
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jitender Bariwal
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430-6551, USA.
| | - Kenneth S Hettie
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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Zeng Y, Shen M, Pattipeiluhu R, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Bakkum T, Sharp TH, Boyle AL, Kros A. Efficient mRNA delivery using lipid nanoparticles modified with fusogenic coiled-coil peptides. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15206-15218. [PMID: 37671560 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02175k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Gene delivery has great potential in modulating protein expression in specific cells to treat diseases. Such therapeutic gene delivery demands sufficient cellular internalization and endosomal escape. Of various nonviral nucleic acid delivery systems, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the most advanced, but still, are very inefficient as the majority are unable to escape from endosomes/lysosomes. Here, we develop a highly efficient gene delivery system using fusogenic coiled-coil peptides. We modified LNPs, carrying EGFP-mRNA, and cells with complementary coiled-coil lipopeptides. Coiled-coil formation between these lipopeptides induced fast nucleic acid uptake and enhanced GFP expression. The cellular uptake of coiled-coil modified LNPs is likely driven by membrane fusion thereby omitting typical endocytosis pathways. This direct cytosolic delivery circumvents the problems commonly observed with the limited endosomal escape of mRNA. Therefore fusogenic coiled-coil peptide modification of existing LNP formulations to enhance nucleic acid delivery efficiency could be beneficial for several gene therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zeng
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Mengjie Shen
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Roy Pattipeiluhu
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Xuequan Zhou
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Thomas Bakkum
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Thomas H Sharp
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Section Electron Microscopy, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aimee L Boyle
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexander Kros
- Department of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Yuan M, Han Z, Liang Y, Sun Y, He B, Chen W, Li F. mRNA nanodelivery systems: targeting strategies and administration routes. Biomater Res 2023; 27:90. [PMID: 37740246 PMCID: PMC10517595 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With the great success of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines, mRNA therapeutics have gained significant momentum for the prevention and treatment of various refractory diseases. To function efficiently in vivo and overcome clinical limitations, mRNA demands safe and stable vectors and a reasonable administration route, bypassing multiple biological barriers and achieving organ-specific targeted delivery of mRNA. Nanoparticle (NP)-based delivery systems representing leading vector approaches ensure the successful intracellular delivery of mRNA to the target organ. In this review, chemical modifications of mRNA and various types of advanced mRNA NPs, including lipid NPs and polymers are summarized. The importance of passive targeting, especially endogenous targeting, and active targeting in mRNA nano-delivery is emphasized, and different cellular endocytic mechanisms are discussed. Most importantly, based on the above content and the physiological structure characteristics of various organs in vivo, the design strategies of mRNA NPs targeting different organs and cells are classified and discussed. Furthermore, the influence of administration routes on targeting design is highlighted. Finally, an outlook on the remaining challenges and future development toward mRNA targeted therapies and precision medicine is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujie Yuan
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Zeyu Han
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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31
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Liu X, Cao Z, Wang W, Zou C, Wang Y, Pan L, Jia B, Zhang K, Zhang W, Li W, Hao Q, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Xue X, Lin W, Li M, Gu J. Engineered Extracellular Vesicle-Delivered CRISPR/Cas9 for Radiotherapy Sensitization of Glioblastoma. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16432-16447. [PMID: 37646615 PMCID: PMC10510715 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a mainstay of glioblastoma (GBM) treatment; however, the development of therapeutic resistance has hampered the efficacy of radiotherapy, suggesting that additional treatment strategies are needed. Here, an in vivo loss-of-function genome-wide CRISPR screen was carried out in orthotopic tumors in mice subjected to radiation treatment to identify synthetic lethal genes associated with radiotherapy. Using functional screening and transcriptome analyses, glutathione synthetase (GSS) was found to be a potential regulator of radioresistance through ferroptosis. High GSS levels were closely related to poor prognosis and relapse in patients with glioma. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that GSS was associated with the suppression of radiotherapy-induced ferroptosis in glioma cells. The depletion of GSS resulted in the disruption of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, thereby causing the inactivation of GPX4 and iron accumulation, thus enhancing the induction of ferroptosis upon radiotherapy treatment. Moreover, to overcome the obstacles to broad therapeutic translation of CRISPR editing, we report a previously unidentified genome editing delivery system, in which Cas9 protein/sgRNA complex was loaded into Angiopep-2 (Ang) and the trans-activator of the transcription (TAT) peptide dual-modified extracellular vesicle (EV), which not only targeted the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and GBM but also permeated the BBB and penetrated the tumor. Our encapsulating EVs showed encouraging signs of GBM tissue targeting, which resulted in high GSS gene editing efficiency in GBM (up to 67.2%) with negligible off-target gene editing. These results demonstrate that a combination of unbiased genetic screens, and CRISPR-Cas9-based gene therapy is feasible for identifying potential synthetic lethal genes and, by extension, therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of
Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710000, China
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Xi’an, 710000, China
| | - Zhengcong Cao
- State
Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of
Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710000, China
| | - Weizhong Wang
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Xi’an, 710000, China
| | - Cheng Zou
- State
Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of
Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710000, China
| | - Yingwen Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of
Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710000, China
| | - Luxiang Pan
- State
Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of
Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710000, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Xi’an, 710000, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of
Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710000, China
| | - Wangqian Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of
Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710000, China
| | - Weina Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of
Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710000, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- State
Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of
Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710000, China
| | - Yingqi Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of
Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of
Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710000, China
| | - Xiaochang Xue
- The
Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710000, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Xi’an, 710000, China
| | - Meng Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of
Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710000, China
| | - Jintao Gu
- State
Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of
Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710000, China
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32
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Zheng R, Zhang L, Parvin R, Su L, Chi J, Shi K, Ye F, Huang X. Progress and Perspective of CRISPR-Cas9 Technology in Translational Medicine. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300195. [PMID: 37356052 PMCID: PMC10477906 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Translational medicine aims to improve human health by exploring potential treatment methods developed during basic scientific research and applying them to the treatment of patients in clinical settings. The advanced perceptions of gene functions have remarkably revolutionized clinical treatment strategies for target agents. However, the progress in gene editing therapy has been hindered due to the severe off-target effects and limited editing sites. Fortunately, the development in the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) system has renewed hope for gene therapy field. The CRISPR-Cas9 system can fulfill various simple or complex purposes, including gene knockout, knock-in, activation, interference, base editing, and sequence detection. Accordingly, the CRISPR-Cas9 system is adaptable to translational medicine, which calls for the alteration of genomic sequences. This review aims to present the latest CRISPR-Cas9 technology achievements and prospect to translational medicine advances. The principle and characterization of the CRISPR-Cas9 system are firstly introduced. The authors then focus on recent pre-clinical and clinical research directions, including the construction of disease models, disease-related gene screening and regulation, and disease treatment and diagnosis for multiple refractory diseases. Finally, some clinical challenges including off-target effects, in vivo vectors, and ethical problems, and future perspective are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixuan Zheng
- Joint Centre of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Division of Pulmonary MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
| | - Lexiang Zhang
- Joint Centre of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative MedicineVision and Brain Health); Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
| | - Rokshana Parvin
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative MedicineVision and Brain Health); Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
| | - Lihuang Su
- Joint Centre of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Division of Pulmonary MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
| | - Junjie Chi
- Joint Centre of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
| | - Keqing Shi
- Joint Centre of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Joint Centre of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative MedicineVision and Brain Health); Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Joint Centre of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Division of Pulmonary MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325000P. R. China
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33
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Lin L, Su K, Cheng Q, Liu S. Targeting materials and strategies for RNA delivery. Theranostics 2023; 13:4667-4693. [PMID: 37649616 PMCID: PMC10465230 DOI: 10.7150/thno.87316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-based therapeutics have shown great promise in various medical applications, including cancers, infectious diseases, and metabolic diseases. The recent success of mRNA vaccines for combating the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the medical value of RNA drugs. However, one of the major challenges in realizing the full potential of RNA drugs is to deliver RNA into specific organs and tissues in a targeted manner, which is crucial for achieving therapeutic efficacy, reducing side effects, and enhancing overall treatment efficacy. Numerous attempts have been made to pursue targeting, nonetheless, the lack of clear guideline and commonality elucidation has hindered the clinical translation of RNA drugs. In this review, we outline the mechanisms of action for targeted RNA delivery systems and summarize four key factors that influence the targeting delivery of RNA drugs. These factors include the category of vector materials, chemical structures of vectors, administration routes, and physicochemical properties of RNA vectors, and they all notably contribute to specific organ/tissue tropism. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the main RNA-based drugs that are currently in clinical trials, highlighting their design strategies and tissue tropism applications. This review will aid to understand the principles and mechanisms of targeted delivery systems, accelerating the development of future RNA drugs for different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kexin Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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34
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Zheng Q, Wang W, Zhou Y, Mo J, Chang X, Zha Z, Zha L. Synthetic nanoparticles for the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system: classification and biomedical applications. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:5361-5389. [PMID: 37381725 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00788j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Gene editing has great potential in biomedical research including disease diagnosis and treatment. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is the most straightforward and cost-effective method. The efficient and precise delivery of CRISPR can impact the specificity and efficacy of gene editing. In recent years, synthetic nanoparticles have been discovered as effective CRISPR/Cas9 delivery vehicles. We categorized synthetic nanoparticles for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery and discribed their advantages and disadvantages. Further, the building blocks of different kinds of nanoparticles and their applications in cells/tissues, cancer and other diseases were described in detail. Finally, the challenges encountered in the clinical application of CRISPR/Cas9 delivery materials were discussed, and potential solutions were provided regarding efficiency and biosafety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zheng
- International Immunology Centre, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China.
| | - Weitao Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- International Immunology Centre, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China.
| | - Jiayin Mo
- International Immunology Centre, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyue Chang
- International Immunology Centre, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengbao Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Lisha Zha
- International Immunology Centre, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China.
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35
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Kawamoto Y, Wu Y, Takahashi Y, Takakura Y. Development of nucleic acid medicines based on chemical technology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114872. [PMID: 37244354 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide-based therapeutics have attracted attention as an emerging modality that includes the modulation of genes and their binding proteins related to diseases, allowing us to take action on previously undruggable targets. Since the late 2010s, the number of oligonucleotide medicines approved for clinical uses has dramatically increased. Various chemistry-based technologies have been developed to improve the therapeutic properties of oligonucleotides, such as chemical modification, conjugation, and nanoparticle formation, which can increase nuclease resistance, enhance affinity and selectivity to target sites, suppress off-target effects, and improve pharmacokinetic properties. Similar strategies employing modified nucleobases and lipid nanoparticles have been used for developing coronavirus disease 2019 mRNA vaccines. In this review, we provide an overview of the development of chemistry-based technologies aimed at using nucleic acids for developing therapeutics over the past several decades, with a specific emphasis on the structural design and functionality of chemical modification strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kawamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - You Wu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Takakura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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36
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Yang K, Ni M, Xu C, Wang L, Han L, Lv S, Wu W, Zheng D. Microfluidic one-step synthesis of a metal-organic framework for osteoarthritis therapeutic microRNAs delivery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1239364. [PMID: 37576986 PMCID: PMC10415039 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1239364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a class of short non-coding ribonucleic acids (RNAs), microRNAs (miRNA) regulate gene expression in human cells and are expected to be nucleic acid drugs to regulate and treat a variety of biological processes and diseases. However, the issues with potential materials toxicity, quantity production, poor cellular uptake, and endosomal entrapment limit their further applications in clinical practice. Herein, ZIF-8, a metal-organic framework with noncytotoxic zinc (II) as the metal coordination center, was selected as miRNA delivery vector was used to prepare miR-200c-3p@ZIF-8 in one step by Y-shape microfluidic chip to achieve intracellular release with low toxicity, batch size, and efficient cellular uptake. The obtained miR-200c-3p@ZIF-8 was identified by TEM, particle size analysis, XRD, XPS, and zeta potential. Compared with the traditional hydrothermal method, the encapsulation efficiency of miR-200c-3p@ZIF-8 prepared by the microfluidic method is higher, and the particle size is more uniform and controllable. The experimental results in cellular level verified that the ZIF-8 vectors with low cytotoxicity and high miRNAs loading efficiency could significantly improve cellular uptake and endosomal escape of miRNAs, providing a robust and general strategy for nucleic acid drug delivery. As a model, the prepared miR-200c-3p@ZIF-8 is confirmed to be effective in osteoarthritis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Min Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Long Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Songwei Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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Forgham H, Liu L, Zhu J, Javed I, Cai W, Qiao R, Davis TP. Vector enabled CRISPR gene editing - A revolutionary strategy for targeting the diversity of brain pathologies. Coord Chem Rev 2023; 487:215172. [PMID: 37305445 PMCID: PMC10249757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Brain pathologies are considered one of the greatest contributors of death and disability worldwide. Neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease is the second leading cause of death in adults, whilst brain cancers including glioblastoma multiforme in adults, and pediatric-type high-grade gliomas in children remain largely untreatable. A further compounding issue for patients with brain pathologies is that of long-term neuropsychiatric sequela - as a symptom or arising from high dose therapeutic intervention. The major challenge to effective, low dose treatment is finding therapeutics that successfully cross the blood-brain barrier and target aberrant cellular processes, while having minimum effect on essential cellular processes, and healthy bystander cells. Following over 30 years of research, CRISPR technology has emerged as a biomedical tour de force with the potential to revolutionise the treatment of both neurological and cancer related brain pathologies. The aim of this review is to take stock of the progress made in CRISPR technology in relation to treating brain pathologies. Specifically, we will describe studies which look beyond design, synthesis, and theoretical application; and focus instead on in vivo studies with translation potential. Along with discussing the latest breakthrough techniques being applied within the CRISPR field, we aim to provide a prospective on the knowledge gaps that exist and challenges that still lay ahead for CRISPR technology prior to successful application in the brain disease treatment field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Forgham
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Liwei Liu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jiayuan Zhu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ibrahim Javed
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ruirui Qiao
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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38
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Sahel DK, Vora LK, Saraswat A, Sharma S, Monpara J, D'Souza AA, Mishra D, Tryphena KP, Kawakita S, Khan S, Azhar M, Khatri DK, Patel K, Singh Thakur RR. CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing for Tissue-Specific In Vivo Targeting: Nanomaterials and Translational Perspective. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207512. [PMID: 37166046 PMCID: PMC10323670 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Clustered randomly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) and its associated endonuclease protein, i.e., Cas9, have been discovered as an immune system in bacteria and archaea; nevertheless, they are now being adopted as mainstream biotechnological/molecular scissors that can modulate ample genetic and nongenetic diseases via insertion/deletion, epigenome editing, messenger RNA editing, CRISPR interference, etc. Many Food and Drug Administration-approved and ongoing clinical trials on CRISPR adopt ex vivo strategies, wherein the gene editing is performed ex vivo, followed by reimplantation to the patients. However, the in vivo delivery of the CRISPR components is still under preclinical surveillance. This review has summarized the nonviral nanodelivery strategies for gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 and its recent advancements, strategic points of view, challenges, and future aspects for tissue-specific in vivo delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 components using nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Sahel
- Department of PharmacyBirla Institute of Technology and Science‐PilaniBITS‐Pilani, Vidya ViharPilaniRajasthan333031India
| | - Lalitkumar K. Vora
- School of PharmacyQueen's University Belfast97 Lisburn RoadBelfastBT9 7BLUK
| | - Aishwarya Saraswat
- College of Pharmacy & Health SciencesSt. John's UniversityQueensNY11439USA
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical InnovationLos AngelesCA90064USA
| | - Jasmin Monpara
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of SciencesPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Anisha A. D'Souza
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of PharmacyDuquesne UniversityPittsburghPA15282USA
| | - Deepakkumar Mishra
- School of PharmacyQueen's University Belfast97 Lisburn RoadBelfastBT9 7BLUK
| | - Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience LabDepartment of Pharmacology and ToxicologyNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)‐HyderabadTelangana500037India
| | - Satoru Kawakita
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA
| | - Shahid Khan
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical InnovationLos AngelesCA90064USA
| | - Mohd Azhar
- Research and Development Tata Medical and Diagnostics LimitedMumbaiMaharashtra400001India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience LabDepartment of Pharmacology and ToxicologyNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)‐HyderabadTelangana500037India
| | - Ketan Patel
- College of Pharmacy & Health SciencesSt. John's UniversityQueensNY11439USA
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Rhym LH, Manan RS, Koller A, Stephanie G, Anderson DG. Peptide-encoding mRNA barcodes for the high-throughput in vivo screening of libraries of lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:901-910. [PMID: 37127709 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Developing safe and effective nanoparticles for the delivery of messenger RNA (mRNA) is slow and expensive, partly due to the lack of predictive power of in vitro screening methods and the low-throughput nature of in vivo screening. While DNA barcoding and batch analysis present methods for increasing in vivo screening throughput, they can also result in incomplete or misleading measures of efficacy. Here, we describe a high-throughput and accurate method for the screening of pooled nanoparticle formulations within the same animal. The method uses liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to detect peptide barcodes translated from mRNAs in nanoparticle-transfected cells. We show the method's applicability by evaluating a library of over 400 nanoparticle formulations with 384 unique ionizable lipids using only nine mice to optimize the formulation of a biodegradable lipid nanoparticle for mRNA delivery to the liver. Barcoding lipid nanoparticles with peptide-encoding mRNAs may facilitate the rapid development of nanoparticles for mRNA delivery to specific cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke H Rhym
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rajith S Manan
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Antonius Koller
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Georgina Stephanie
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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40
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Bez Batti Angulski A, Hosny N, Cohen H, Martin AA, Hahn D, Bauer J, Metzger JM. Duchenne muscular dystrophy: disease mechanism and therapeutic strategies. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1183101. [PMID: 37435300 PMCID: PMC10330733 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1183101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe, progressive, and ultimately fatal disease of skeletal muscle wasting, respiratory insufficiency, and cardiomyopathy. The identification of the dystrophin gene as central to DMD pathogenesis has led to the understanding of the muscle membrane and the proteins involved in membrane stability as the focal point of the disease. The lessons learned from decades of research in human genetics, biochemistry, and physiology have culminated in establishing the myriad functionalities of dystrophin in striated muscle biology. Here, we review the pathophysiological basis of DMD and discuss recent progress toward the development of therapeutic strategies for DMD that are currently close to or are in human clinical trials. The first section of the review focuses on DMD and the mechanisms contributing to membrane instability, inflammation, and fibrosis. The second section discusses therapeutic strategies currently used to treat DMD. This includes a focus on outlining the strengths and limitations of approaches directed at correcting the genetic defect through dystrophin gene replacement, modification, repair, and/or a range of dystrophin-independent approaches. The final section highlights the different therapeutic strategies for DMD currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joseph M. Metzger
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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41
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Liu C, Shi Q, Huang X, Koo S, Kong N, Tao W. mRNA-based cancer therapeutics. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00586-2. [PMID: 37311817 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the fact that mRNA technology allows the production of diverse vaccines and treatments in a shorter time frame and with reduced expense compared to conventional approaches, there has been a surge in the use of mRNA-based therapeutics in recent years. With the aim of encoding tumour antigens for cancer vaccines, cytokines for immunotherapy, tumour suppressors to inhibit tumour development, chimeric antigen receptors for engineered T cell therapy or genome-editing proteins for gene therapy, many of these therapeutics have shown promising efficacy in preclinical studies, and some have even entered clinical trials. Given the evidence supporting the effectiveness and safety of clinically approved mRNA vaccines, coupled with growing interest in mRNA-based therapeutics, mRNA technology is poised to become one of the major pillars in cancer drug development. In this Review, we present in vitro transcribed mRNA-based therapeutics for cancer treatment, including the characteristics of the various types of synthetic mRNA, the packaging systems for efficient mRNA delivery, preclinical and clinical studies, current challenges and future prospects in the field. We anticipate the translation of promising mRNA-based treatments into clinical applications, to ultimately benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Liu
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anaesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiangqiang Shi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anaesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangang Huang
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anaesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seyoung Koo
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anaesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Na Kong
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anaesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anaesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Nakamura S, Inada E, Saitoh I, Sato M. Recent Genome-Editing Approaches toward Post-Implanted Fetuses in Mice. BIOTECH 2023; 12:biotech12020037. [PMID: 37218754 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome editing, as exemplified by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, has recently been employed to effectively generate genetically modified animals and cells for the purpose of gene function analysis and disease model creation. There are at least four ways to induce genome editing in individuals: the first is to perform genome editing at the early preimplantation stage, such as fertilized eggs (zygotes), for the creation of whole genetically modified animals; the second is at post-implanted stages, as exemplified by the mid-gestational stages (E9 to E15), for targeting specific cell populations through in utero injection of viral vectors carrying genome-editing components or that of nonviral vectors carrying genome-editing components and subsequent in utero electroporation; the third is at the mid-gestational stages, as exemplified by tail-vein injection of genome-editing components into the pregnant females through which the genome-editing components can be transmitted to fetal cells via a placenta-blood barrier; and the last is at the newborn or adult stage, as exemplified by facial or tail-vein injection of genome-editing components. Here, we focus on the second and third approaches and will review the latest techniques for various methods concerning gene editing in developing fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Emi Inada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Issei Saitoh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho-shi 501-0296, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sato
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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Zhao Y, Li Y, Wang F, Gan X, Zheng T, Chen M, Wei L, Chen J, Yu C. CES1-Triggered Liver-Specific Cargo Release of CRISPR/Cas9 Elements by Cationic Triadic Copolymeric Nanoparticles Targeting Gene Editing of PCSK9 for Hyperlipidemia Amelioration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2300502. [PMID: 37083231 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The broad application of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 genome editing tools is hindered by challenges in the efficient delivery of its two components into specific cells and intracytoplasmic release. Herein, a novel copolymer for delivery of Cas9-mRNA/ single-guide RNA (Cas9-mRNA/sgRNA) in vitro and vivo, using carboxylesterase-responsive cationic triadic copolymeric nanoparticles targeted proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) for hyperlipidemia amelioration is reported. A dimethyl biguanide derivative is designed and synthesized to form cationic block, and copolymerization onto prepolymer with propyl methacrylate, to fabricate a triadic copolymer mPEG-b-P(Met/n-PMA). The copolymer can self-assemble with Cas9-mRNA/sgRNA, indicating the excellent potential of nanoparticles to form a delivery carrier. This vehicle can efficiently release RNA in response to the hepatocytes carboxylesterase for genome editing. It was demonstrated that the mPEG-b-P(Met/n-PMA)/Cas9 mRNA/sgRNA nanoparticles effectively accumulated in hepatocytes, lead to the inhibition of PCSK9, and lowered the levels of Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol in mouse serum down 20% of nontreatment. Interestingly, the nanoparticles even enable multiple functions in the regulation of blood glucose and weight. This study establishes a novel method to achieve complex CRISPR components stable loading, safe delivery, and fixed-point release, which expand the application of CRISPR delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Yun Li
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Xuelan Gan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Tianye Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Mengyue Chen
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Li Wei
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Chao Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
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Carneiro SP, Greco A, Chiesa E, Genta I, Merkel OM. Shaping the future from the small scale: dry powder inhalation of CRISPR-Cas9 lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of lung diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:471-487. [PMID: 36896650 PMCID: PMC7614984 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2185220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most lung diseases are serious conditions resulting from genetic and environmental causes associated with high mortality and severe symptoms. Currently, treatments available have a palliative effect and many targets are still considered undruggable. Gene therapy stands as an attractive approach to offering innovative therapeutic solutions. CRISPRCas9 has established a remarkable potential for genome editing with high selectivity to targeted mutations. To ensure high efficacy with minimum systemic exposure, the delivery and administration route are key components that must be investigated. AREAS COVERED This review is focused on the delivery of CRISPRCas9 to the lungs, taking advantage of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), the most clinically advanced nucleic acid carriers. We also aim to highlight the benefits of pulmonary administration as a local delivery route and the use of spray drying to prepare stable nucleic-acid-based dry powder formulations that can overcome multiple lung barriers. EXPERT OPINION Exploring the pulmonary administration to deliver CRISPRCas9 loaded in LNPs as a dry powder increases the chances to achieve high efficacy and reduced adverse effects. CRISPRCas9 loaded in LNP-embedded microparticles has not yet been reported in the literature but has the potential to reach and accumulate in target cells in the lung, thus, enhancing overall efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone P. Carneiro
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Antonietta Greco
- University School for Advanced Studies (IUSS), Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrica Chiesa
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ida Genta
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy
| | - Olivia M. Merkel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Zhong Y, Du S, Dong Y. mRNA delivery in cancer immunotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:1348-1357. [PMID: 37139419 PMCID: PMC10150179 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) has drawn much attention in the medical field. Through various treatment approaches including protein replacement therapies, gene editing, and cell engineering, mRNA is becoming a potential therapeutic strategy for cancers. However, delivery of mRNA into targeted organs and cells can be challenging due to the unstable nature of its naked form and the low cellular uptake. Therefore, in addition to mRNA modification, efforts have been devoted to developing nanoparticles for mRNA delivery. In this review, we introduce four categories of nanoparticle platform systems: lipid, polymer, lipid-polymer hybrid, and protein/peptide-mediated nanoparticles, together with their roles in facilitating mRNA-based cancer immunotherapies. We also highlight promising treatment regimens and their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Zhong
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Shi Du
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yizhou Dong
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Center for Cancer Engineering, Center for Cancer Metabolism, Pelotonia Institute for Immune-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Corresponding author.
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46
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Zhang YQ, Guo RR, Chen YH, Li TC, Du WZ, Xiang RW, Guan JB, Li YP, Huang YY, Yu ZQ, Cai Y, Zhang P, Ling GX. Ionizable drug delivery systems for efficient and selective gene therapy. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:9. [PMID: 36843103 PMCID: PMC9968649 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy has shown great potential to treat various diseases by repairing the abnormal gene function. However, a great challenge in bringing the nucleic acid formulations to the market is the safe and effective delivery to the specific tissues and cells. To be excited, the development of ionizable drug delivery systems (IDDSs) has promoted a great breakthrough as evidenced by the approval of the BNT162b2 vaccine for prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2021. Compared with conventional cationic gene vectors, IDDSs can decrease the toxicity of carriers to cell membranes, and increase cellular uptake and endosomal escape of nucleic acids by their unique pH-responsive structures. Despite the progress, there remain necessary requirements for designing more efficient IDDSs for precise gene therapy. Herein, we systematically classify the IDDSs and summarize the characteristics and advantages of IDDSs in order to explore the underlying design mechanisms. The delivery mechanisms and therapeutic applications of IDDSs are comprehensively reviewed for the delivery of pDNA and four kinds of RNA. In particular, organ selecting considerations and high-throughput screening are highlighted to explore efficiently multifunctional ionizable nanomaterials with superior gene delivery capacity. We anticipate providing references for researchers to rationally design more efficient and accurate targeted gene delivery systems in the future, and indicate ideas for developing next generation gene vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qi Zhang
- Faculty of Medical Device, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Ran-Ran Guo
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yong-Hu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Tian-Cheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Wen-Zhen Du
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Rong-Wu Xiang
- Faculty of Medical Device, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Ji-Bin Guan
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yu-Peng Li
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yuan-Yu Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science; School of Life Science; School of Medical Technology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523018, Guangdong, China
| | - Yin Cai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Gui-Xia Ling
- Faculty of Medical Device, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China.
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Ghani MW, Iqbal A, Ghani H, Bibi S, Wang Z, Pei R. Recent advances in nanocomposite-based delivery systems for targeted CRISPR/Cas delivery and therapeutic genetic manipulation. J Mater Chem B 2023. [PMID: 36779580 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02610d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas systems are novel gene editing tools with tremendous capacity and accuracy for gene editing and hold great potential for therapeutic genetic manipulation. However, the lack of safe and efficient delivery methods for CRISPR/Cas and its guide RNA hinders their wide adoption for therapeutic applications. To this end, there is an increasing demand for safe, efficient, precise, and non-pathogenic delivery approaches, both in vitro and in vivo. With the convergence of nanotechnology and biomedicine, functional nanocomposites have demonstrated unparalleled sophistication to overcome the limits of CRISPR/Cas delivery. The tunability of the physicochemical properties of nanocomposites makes it very easy to conjugate them with different functional substances. The combinatorial application of diverse functional materials in the form of nanocomposites has shown excellent properties for CRISPR/Cas delivery at the target site with therapeutic potential. The recent highlights of selective organ targeting and phase I clinical trials for gene manipulation by CRISPR/Cas after delivery through LNPs are at the brink of making it to routine clinical practice. Here we summarize the recent advances in delivering CRISPR/Cas systems through nanocomposites for targeted delivery and therapeutic genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waseem Ghani
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Ambreen Iqbal
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Hammad Ghani
- Basic Health Unit Laleka, Primary and Secondary Healthcare Department, Bahawalngar, 62300, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Bibi
- Department of Biology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar Campus 62300, Pakistan
| | - Zixun Wang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Renjun Pei
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
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48
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Ohno H, Akamine S, Mochizuki M, Hayashi K, Akichika S, Suzuki T, Saito H. Versatile strategy using vaccinia virus-capping enzyme to synthesize functional 5' cap-modified mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:e34. [PMID: 36731515 PMCID: PMC10085709 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of synthetic mRNA as a genetic carrier has increased its application in scientific fields. Because the 5' cap regulates the stability and translational activity of mRNAs, there are concerted efforts to search for and synthesize chemically-modified 5' caps that improve the functionality of mRNA. Here, we report an easy and efficient method to synthesize functional mRNAs by modifying multiple 5' cap analogs using a vaccinia virus-capping enzyme. We show that this enzyme can introduce a variety of GTP analogs to the 5' end of RNA to generate 5' cap-modified mRNAs that exhibit different translation levels. Notably, some of these modified mRNAs improve translation efficiency and can be conjugated to chemical structures, further increasing their functionality. Our versatile method to generate 5' cap-modified mRNAs will provide useful tools for RNA therapeutics and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Ohno
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Sae Akamine
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Megumi Mochizuki
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Karin Hayashi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Akichika
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hirohide Saito
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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49
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Seo H, Jeon L, Kwon J, Lee H. High-Precision Synthesis of RNA-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203033. [PMID: 36737864 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of RNA-based therapeutics in delivering nucleic acids for gene editing and regulating protein translation has led to the effective treatment of various diseases including cancer, inflammatory and genetic disorder, as well as infectious diseases. Among these, lipid nanoparticles (LNP) have emerged as a promising platform for RNA delivery and have shed light by resolving the inherent instability issues of naked RNA and thereby enhancing the therapeutic potency. These LNP consisting of ionizable lipid, helper lipid, cholesterol, and poly(ethylene glycol)-anchored lipid can stably enclose RNA and help them release into the cells' cytosol. Herein, the significant progress made in LNP research starting from the LNP constituents, formulation, and their diverse applications is summarized first. Moreover, the microfluidic methodologies which allow precise assembly of these newly developed constituents to achieve LNP with controllable composition and size, high encapsulation efficiency as well as scalable production are highlighted. Furthermore, a short discussion on current challenges as well as an outlook will be given on emerging approaches to resolving these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjin Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Leekang Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Jaeyeong Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Hyomin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
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Wang Y, Wang X, Xie R, Burger JC, Tong Y, Gong S. Overcoming the Blood-Brain Barrier for Gene Therapy via Systemic Administration of GSH-Responsive Silica Nanocapsules. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208018. [PMID: 36445243 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR genome editing can potentially treat the root causes of many genetic diseases, including central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, the promise of brain-targeted therapeutic genome editing relies on the efficient delivery of biologics bypassing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which represents a major challenge in the development of CRISPR therapeutics. We created and screened a library of glutathione (GSH)-responsive silica nanocapsules (SNCs) for brain targeted delivery of biologics via systemic administration. In vivo studies demonstrate that systemically delivered SNCs conjugated with glucose and rabies virus glycoprotein peptide under glycemic control can efficiently bypass the intact BBB, enabling brain-wide delivery of various biologics including CRISPR genome editors targeting different genes in both Ai14 reporter mice and wild-type mice. In particular, up to 28% neuron editing via systemic delivery of Cre mRNA in Ai14 mice, up to 6.1% amyloid precursor protein (App) gene editing (resulting in 19.1% reduction in the expression level of intact APP), and up to 3.9% tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) gene editing (resulting in 30.3% reduction in the expression level of TH) in wild-type mice are observed. This versatile SNC nanoplatform may offer a novel strategy for the treatment of CNS disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Xiuxiu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Ruosen Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Jacobus C Burger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Yao Tong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Shaoqin Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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