1
|
He M, Tian Z, Lin H, Wang G. Dual-Atom P-Co-Dy Charge-Transfer Bridge on Black Phosphorus for Enhanced Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2404162. [PMID: 38958083 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The synergistic effect of rare earth single-atoms and transition metal single-atoms may enable us to achieve some unprecedented performance and characteristics. Here, Co-Dy dual-atoms on black phosphorus with a P-Co-Dy charge-transfer bridge are designed and fabricated as the active center for the CO2 photoreduction reaction. The synergistic effect of Co-Dy on the performance of black phosphorus is studied by combining X-ray absorption spectroscopy, ultrafast spectral analysis, and in situ technology with DFT calculations. The results show that the Co and Dy bimetallic active site can promote charge transfer by the charge transfer bridge from P to Dy, and then to Co, thereby improving the photocatalytic activity of black phosphorus. The performance of catalysts excited at different wavelength light indicates that the 4G11/2/2I15/2/4F9/2→6H15/2 and 4F9/2→6H13/2 emissions of Dy can be absorbed by black phosphorus to improve the utilization of sunlight. The in situ DRIFTS and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to investigate the CO2 photoreduction pathway. This work provides an depth insight into the mechanism of dual-atom catalysts with enhanced photocatalytic performance, which helps to design novel atomic photocatalysts with excellent activity for CO2 reduction reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghao He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zhenghui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Huinan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Guofeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu A, Zhang X, Liu Z, Li Y, Peng X, Li X, Qin Y, Hu C, Qiu Y, Jiang H, Wang Y, Li Y, Tang J, Liu J, Guo H, Deng T, Peng S, Tian H, Ren TL. The Roadmap of 2D Materials and Devices Toward Chips. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:119. [PMID: 38363512 PMCID: PMC10873265 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Due to the constraints imposed by physical effects and performance degradation, silicon-based chip technology is facing certain limitations in sustaining the advancement of Moore's law. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as highly promising candidates for the post-Moore era, offering significant potential in domains such as integrated circuits and next-generation computing. Here, in this review, the progress of 2D semiconductors in process engineering and various electronic applications are summarized. A careful introduction of material synthesis, transistor engineering focused on device configuration, dielectric engineering, contact engineering, and material integration are given first. Then 2D transistors for certain electronic applications including digital and analog circuits, heterogeneous integration chips, and sensing circuits are discussed. Moreover, several promising applications (artificial intelligence chips and quantum chips) based on specific mechanism devices are introduced. Finally, the challenges for 2D materials encountered in achieving circuit-level or system-level applications are analyzed, and potential development pathways or roadmaps are further speculated and outlooked.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anhan Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuning Li
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyang Peng
- High-Frequency High-Voltage Device and Integrated Circuits R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
- School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Sensing and Precision Measurement, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Sensing and Precision Measurement, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Hu
- High-Frequency High-Voltage Device and Integrated Circuits R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
- School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Qiu
- High-Frequency High-Voltage Device and Integrated Circuits R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
- School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Jiang
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Li
- School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Sensing and Precision Measurement, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Sensing and Precision Measurement, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Sensing and Precision Measurement, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Deng
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Songang Peng
- High-Frequency High-Voltage Device and Integrated Circuits R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
- IMECAS-HKUST-Joint Laboratory of Microelectronics, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - He Tian
- School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tian-Ling Ren
- School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He Z, Du J, Miao Y, Li Y. Recent Developments of Inorganic Nanosensitizers for Sonodynamic Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300234. [PMID: 37070721 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
As a noninvasive treatment, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has been widely used in the treatment of tumors because of its ability to penetrate deep tissue with few side effects. As the key factor of SDT, it is meaningful to design and synthesize efficient sonosensitizers. Compared with organic sonosensitizers, inorganic sonosensitizers can be easily excited by ultrasound. In addition, inorganic sonosensitizers with stable properties, good dispersion, and long blood circulation time, have great development potential in SDT. This review summarizes possible mechanisms of SDT (sonoexcitation and ultrasonic cavitation) in detail. Based on these mechanisms, the design and synthesis of inorganic nanosonosensitizers can be divided into three categories: traditional inorganic semiconductor sonosensitizers, enhanced inorganic semiconductor sonosensitizers, and cavitation-enhanced sonosensitizers. Subsequently, the current efficient construction methods of sonosensitizers are summarized including accelerated semiconductor charge separation and enhanced production of reactive oxygen species through ultrasonic cavitation. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of different inorganic sonosensitizers and detailed strategies are systematically discussed on how to enhance SDT. Hopefully, this review could provide new insights into the design and synthesis of efficient inorganic nano-sonosensitizers for SDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongyan He
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Jun Du
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tian H, Wang J, Lai G, Dou Y, Gao J, Duan Z, Feng X, Wu Q, He X, Yao L, Zeng L, Liu Y, Yang X, Zhao J, Zhuang S, Shi J, Qu G, Yu XF, Chu PK, Jiang G. Renaissance of elemental phosphorus materials: properties, synthesis, and applications in sustainable energy and environment. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5388-5484. [PMID: 37455613 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs01018f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The polymorphism of phosphorus-based materials has garnered much research interest, and the variable chemical bonding structures give rise to a variety of micro and nanostructures. Among the different types of materials containing phosphorus, elemental phosphorus materials (EPMs) constitute the foundation for the synthesis of related compounds. EPMs are experiencing a renaissance in the post-graphene era, thanks to recent advancements in the scaling-down of black phosphorus, amorphous red phosphorus, violet phosphorus, and fibrous phosphorus and consequently, diverse classes of low-dimensional sheets, ribbons, and dots of EPMs with intriguing properties have been produced. The nanostructured EPMs featuring tunable bandgaps, moderate carrier mobility, and excellent optical absorption have shown great potential in energy conversion, energy storage, and environmental remediation. It is thus important to have a good understanding of the differences and interrelationships among diverse EPMs, their intrinsic physical and chemical properties, the synthesis of specific structures, and the selection of suitable nanostructures of EPMs for particular applications. In this comprehensive review, we aim to provide an in-depth analysis and discussion of the fundamental physicochemical properties, synthesis, and applications of EPMs in the areas of energy conversion, energy storage, and environmental remediation. Our evaluations are based on recent literature on well-established phosphorus allotropes and theoretical predictions of new EPMs. The objective of this review is to enhance our comprehension of the characteristics of EPMs, keep abreast of recent advances, and provide guidance for future research of EPMs in the fields of chemistry and materials science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haijiang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Gengchang Lai
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanpeng Dou
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, P. R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Zunbin Duan
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Feng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Xingchen He
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
| | - Li Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
| | - Yanna Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Shulin Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang, Hubei 443007, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu Y, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Chen T, Zhang C. BP@Au undergoes rapid degradation and releases singlet oxygen under dark conditions: Doping effect and detrimental effects on superoxide-producing marine algae. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131502. [PMID: 37121040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) shows encouraging utility in many fields, and metal doping has been suggested as an efficient way to improve stability. However, controversial results and inconsistent mechanisms have been reported for doping modulation and stability change. We observed the unforeseen evolution of singlet oxygen (1O2) from BP integrated with gold nanoparticles (BP@Au) under dark conditions, and this led to rapid BP deterioration, even though enhanced stability is commonly thought via surface doping. Briefly, the BP reacted with oxygen and water to yield superoxide (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide. Au0 acted as an enzyme mimic and catalyzed the conversion of these derivatives, and Au0 was converted to a mixture of Au3+ and Au+. The O2•- was converted to 1O2 via direct donation of electrons to the Au3+/+. The Au-catalyzed redox reactions accelerated the degradation of the BP nanosheets. BP@Au showed significant toxicity toward marine alga that produce O2•- in the dark, as indicated by a more than 30% reduction in cell viability after 12 h of incubation with 7.56 mg/L BP@Au. The novelty of this work lies in the demonstration of a dopant-related degradation pathway of BP that shows unrevealed toxicity toward O2•--producing marine algae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yining Wu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100857, China
| | - Yating Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100857, China
| | - Qiurong Zhang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Tianmin Chen
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100857, China
| | - Chengdong Zhang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100857, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang X, Li Y, Qu G, Yu XF, Cao D, Liu Q, Jiang G. Molecular-level degradation pathways of black phosphorus revealed by mass spectrometry fingerprinting. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6669-6678. [PMID: 37350838 PMCID: PMC10284102 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06297f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanism of material transformation raises a great challenge for material characterization techniques. As a promising 2D material, the application potential of black phosphorus (BP) is seriously compromised by its environmental instability. However, until now, the degradation mechanism of BP remains ambiguous. Here we show that by using laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) fingerprinting it is possible to unravel the degradation pathways of BP at the molecular level without any chemical labeling. We found that BP-based materials can generate intrinsic phosphorus cluster (Pn+ or Pn-) fingerprint peaks in LDI-MS in both positive-ion and negative-ion modes, which allows the degradation processes of BP materials to be monitored by providing abundant mass information about intermediates and products with the sample-to-sample RSDs in the range of 1.0-28.4%. The stability of BP or cerium-encapsulated BP was monitored under ambient and increased temperature conditions for up to 20 or 180 days. Notably, by using LDI-MS fingerprinting, we reveal an unreported BP degradation pathway, i.e., nitrogen (N2)-addition oxidation, in addition to the direct oxidation pathway. Our results not only enable an in-depth understanding of the chemical instability of BP, but also, importantly, demonstrate a new powerful platform for monitoring and characterization of material transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Dong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University Wuhan 430056 China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang L, Jaramillo R, Kalia RK, Nakano A, Vashishta P. Pressure-Controlled Layer-by-Layer to Continuous Oxidation of ZrS 2(001) Surface. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7576-7583. [PMID: 37053468 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding oxidation mechanisms of layered semiconducting transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) is important not only for controlling native oxide formation but also for synthesis of oxide and oxysulfide products. Here, reactive molecular dynamics simulations show that oxygen partial pressure controls not only the ZrS2 oxidation rate but also the oxide morphology and quality. We find a transition from layer-by-layer oxidation to amorphous-oxide-mediated continuous oxidation as the oxidation progresses, where different pressures selectively expose different oxidation stages within a given time window. While the kinetics of the fast continuous oxidation stage is well described by the conventional Deal-Grove model, the layer-by-layer oxidation stage is dictated by reactive bond-switching mechanisms. This work provides atomistic details and a potential foundation for rational pressure-controlled oxidation of TMDC materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiu Yang
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0242, United States
| | - Rafael Jaramillo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rajiv K Kalia
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0242, United States
| | - Aiichiro Nakano
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0242, United States
| | - Priya Vashishta
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0242, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lu N, Hu X, Jiang J, Guo H, Zuo GZ, Zhuo Z, Wu X, Zeng XC. Highly anisotropic and ultra-diffusive vacancies in α-antimonene. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4821-4829. [PMID: 36794788 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00194f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
α-Antimonene has recently been successfully fabricated in experiment; hence, it is timely to examine how various types of point defects in α-antimonene can affect its novel electronic properties. Herein, we present a comprehensive investigation of a total of nine possible types of point defects in α-antimonene via first-principles calculations. Particular attention is placed on the structural stability of the point defects and the effects of point defects on the electronic properties of α-antimonene. Compared with its structural analogs, such as phosphorene, graphene, and silicene, we find that most defects in α-antimonene can be more easily generated, and that among the nine types of point defects, the single vacancy SV-(5|9) is likely the most stable one while its presence can be orders of magnitude higher in concentration than that in phosphorene. Moreover, we find that the vacancy exhibits anisotropic and low diffusion barriers, of merely 0.10/0.30 eV in the zigzag/armchair direction. Notably, at room temperature, the migration of SV-(5|9) in the zigzag direction of α-antimonene is estimated to be three orders faster than that along the armchair direction, and also three orders faster than that of phosphorene in the same direction. Overall, the point defects in α-antimonene can significantly affect the electronic properties of the host two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor and thus the light absorption capability. The anisotropic, ultra-diffusive, and charge tunable single vacancies, along with the high oxidation resistance, render the α-antimonene sheet a unique 2D semiconductor (beyond the phosphorene) for developing vacancy-enabled nanoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, and Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China.
| | - Xin Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, and Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China.
| | - Jiaxin Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, and Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China.
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, and Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China.
| | - Gui Zhong Zuo
- Institute of Plasma Physics, HIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhuo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, and Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, and School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yan S, Xu C, Zhong C, Chen Y, Che X, Luo X, Zhu Y. Phase Instability in van der Waals In 2 Se 3 Determined by Surface Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300302. [PMID: 36861653 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
van der Waals In2 Se3 has attracted significant attention for its room-temperature 2D ferroelectricity/antiferroelectricity down to monolayer thickness. However, instability and potential degradation pathway in 2D In2 Se3 have not yet been adequately addressed. Using a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches, we here unravel the phase instability in both α- and β'-In2 Se3 originating from the relatively unstable octahedral coordination. Together with the broken bonds at the edge steps, it leads to moisture-facilitated oxidation of In2 Se3 in air to form amorphous In2 Se3-3x O3x layers and Se hemisphere particles. Both O2 and H2 O are required for such surface oxidation, which can be further promoted by light illumination. In addition, the self-passivation effect from the In2 Se3-3x O3x layer can effectively limit such oxidation to only a few nanometer thickness. The achieved insight paves way for better understanding and optimizing 2D In2 Se3 performance for device applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanru Yan
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Cenchen Zhong
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Yancong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiangli Che
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Xin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fu W, Wan J, Zhang H, Li J, Chen W, Li Y, Guo Z, Wang Y. Photoinduced loading of electron-rich Cu single atoms by moderate coordination for hydrogen evolution. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5496. [PMID: 36127356 PMCID: PMC9489781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts offer maximal atom utilization efficiencies and high-electronegativity heteroatoms play a crucial role in coordinating reactive single metal atoms to prevent agglomeration. However, these strong coordination bonds withdraw electron density for coordinated metal atoms and consequently affect their catalytic activity. Herein we reveal the high loading (11.3 wt%) and stabilization of moderately coordinated Cu-P3 structure on black phosphorus support by a photochemical strategy with auxiliary hydrogen. Single-atom Cu sites with an exceptional electron-rich feature show the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\triangle {G}_{{{{{{\rm{H}}}}}}*}$$\end{document}△GH* close to zero to favor catalysis. Neighboring Cu atoms work in synergy to lower the energy of key water adsorption and dissociation intermediates. The reported catalyst shows a low overpotential of only 41 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 53.4 mV dec−1 for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction, surpassing both isolated Cu single atoms and Cu nanoclusters. The promising materials design strategy sheds light on the design and fabrication of high-loading single metal atoms and the role of neighboring single atoms for enhanced reaction kinetics. While atomically dispersed metals can maximize reaction catalytic sites, it is challenging to achieve high atomic densities without agglomeration. Here, authors prepared Cu single-atoms on black phosphorous using a photochemical strategy and auxiliary H2 as proton reduction electrocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Fu
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, PR China
| | - Jin Wan
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, PR China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- The school of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, China
| | - Weigen Chen
- The school of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zaiping Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Yu Wang
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, PR China. .,The school of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li J, Yi S, Wang K, Liu Y, Li J. Alkene-Catalyzed Rapid Layer-by-Layer Thinning of Black Phosphorus for Precise Nanomanufacturing. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13111-13122. [PMID: 35943043 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) is a promising material for electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, it is still challenging to obtain geometrically well-defined BP with desirable thickness. The method involving rapid BP surface reaction via alkene-catalyzed oxidation and easy removal of reactants by a mechanical effect was proposed to achieve the precise layer-by-layer thinning and real-time thickness monitoring of BP for nanopatterning with high spatial resolution based on mechanical scanning probe nanolithography. The enhanced electron affinity of oxygen with the assistance of a carbon-carbon double bond (C═C) in the alkene was demonstrated by density functional theory calculations, shortening the BP surface oxidation period by 99%, which provides access for the rapid thinning. The few-layer BP nanoflake with nested structure and arbitrary thickness on various substrates and the nanopatterned heterojunctions (BP/graphene and BP/hexagonal boron nitride) can be precisely fabricated by the adjustment of scanning number under a small load. This thinning technology was efficient and universal, which could be used to fabricate a BP field-effect transistor with a thinned channel to enhance the capability for current modulation, showing great potential applications for designing high-performance nanodevices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuang Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Kaiqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinjin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang Y, Zhou J, Xie X, Zhang X, Li Z, Liu S, Ai L, Ma Q, Leng P, Zhao M, Wang J, Shi Y, Xiu F. Photodetection and Infrared Imaging Based on Cd 3As 2 Epitaxial Vertical Heterostructures. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12244-12252. [PMID: 35929766 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the nontrivial electronic structure, Cd3As2 is predicted to possess various transport properties and outstanding photoresponses. Photodetectors based on topological materials are mostly made up of nanoplates, yet monolithic in situ heteroepitaxial Cd3As2 photodetectors are rarely reported to date owing to the crystal mismatch between Cd3As2 and semiconductors. Here, we demonstrate Cd3As2/ZnxCd1-xTe/GaSb vertical heteroepitaxial photodetectors via molecule beam epitaxy. By constructing dual-Schottky junctions, these photodetectors show high responsivity and external quantum efficiency in a broadband spectrum. Based on the strong and fast photoresponse, we achieved visible light to near-infrared imaging using a one-pixel imaging system with a galvo. Our results illustrate that the integration of three-dimensional Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 with semiconductors has potential applications in broadband photodetection and infrared cameras.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunkun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xingchao Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Zihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Linfeng Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Pengliang Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Minhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yi Shi
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Faxian Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41st Floor, AI Tower, No. 701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200232, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Huang W, Zhang Y, Song M, Wang B, Hou H, Hu X, Chen X, Zhai T. Encapsulation strategies on 2D materials for field effect transistors and photodetectors. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
15
|
Ling Z, Li P, Zhang SY, Arif N, Zeng YJ. Stability and passivation of 2D group VA elemental materials: black phosphorus and beyond. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:224004. [PMID: 35259736 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac5bce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since the successful isolation of graphene in 2004, two-dimensional (2D) materials have become one of the focuses in material science owing to their extraordinary physical and chemical properties. In particular, 2D group VA elemental materials exhibit fascinating thickness-dependent band structures. Unfortunately, the well-known instability issue hinders their fundamental researches and practical applications. In this review, we first discuss the degradation mechanism of black phosphorus (BP), a most studied group VA material. Next, we summarize the methods to enhance BP stability with the focus of multifunctional passivation. Finally, we briefly discuss the protection strategies of other emerging group VA materials in recent years. This review provides insight for the degradation mechanism and protecting strategy for 2D group VA elements materials, which will promote their potential applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and biomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoheng Ling
- Key laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Yun Zhang
- Key laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Nayab Arif
- Key laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jia Zeng
- Key laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang T, Grzeszczyk M, Li J, Yu W, Xu H, He P, Yang L, Qiu Z, Lin H, Yang H, Zeng J, Sun T, Li Z, Wu J, Lin M, Loh KP, Su C, Novoselov KS, Carvalho A, Koperski M, Lu J. Degradation Chemistry and Kinetic Stabilization of Magnetic CrI 3. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5295-5303. [PMID: 35294182 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the intrinsic magnetic order in single-layer chromium trihalides (CrX3, X = I, Br, and Cl) has drawn intensive interest due to their potential application in spintronic devices. However, the notorious environmental instability of this class of materials under ambient conditions renders their device fabrication and practical application extremely challenging. Here, we performed a systematic investigation of the degradation chemistry of chromium iodide (CrI3), the most studied among CrX3 families, via a joint spectroscopic and microscopic analysis of the structural and composition evolution of bulk and exfoliated nanoflakes in different environments. Unlike other air-sensitive 2D materials, CrI3 undergoes a pseudo-first-order hydrolysis in the presence of pure water toward the formation of amorphous Cr(OH)3 and hydrogen iodide (HI) with a rate constant of kI = 0.63 day-1 without light. In contrast, a faster pseudo-first-order surface oxidation of CrI3 occurs in a pure O2 environment, generating CrO3 and I2 with a large rate constant of kCr = 4.2 day-1. Both hydrolysis and surface oxidation of CrI3 can be accelerated via light irradiation, resulting in its ultrafast degradation in air. The new chemical insights obtained allow for the design of an effective stabilization strategy for CrI3 with preserved optical and magnetic properties. The use of organic acid solvents (e.g., formic acid) as reversible capping agents ensures that CrI3 nanoflakes remain stable beyond 1 month due to the effective suppression of both hydrolysis and oxidation of CrI3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiming Zhang
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Magdalena Grzeszczyk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore.,Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Haomin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Peng He
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Liming Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Zhizhan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - HuiHui Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Huimin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jian Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zejun Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ming Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Chenliang Su
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Kostya S Novoselov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore.,Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Alexandra Carvalho
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore.,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Maciej Koperski
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore.,Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Jiong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu D, Gan K, Wang Y, Wu Z, Wang Y, Zhang S, Peng Y, Fang X, Wei H, Zhang Y, Ma W, Chen J. A Composite Deferoxamine/Black Phosphorus Nanosheet/Gelatin Hydrogel Scaffold for Ischemic Tibial Bone Repair. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:1015-1030. [PMID: 35299865 PMCID: PMC8923703 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s351814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bone delay union is mostly caused by lack of blood supply. Although autografts, allografts and artificial bone have been widely used to treat bone delay union, the bone regeneration fails in the ischemic site accompanied by the bone donor site complications and disease transmission. Recently, there is a growing recognition of the importance of hydrogel scaffolds which are regarded as an eligible engineer tissue for bone repair. However, hydrogel is still limited in improving neovascularization. Methods In this work, black phosphorus nanosheet and deferoxamine (BPN-DFO) were loaded in the gelatin hydrogel to overcome the high risk of bone delay union and systemically investigated the regeneration capability of BPN-DFO hydrogel in vitro and vivo. Results The resulting BPN-DFO hydrogel scaffold showed superior swollen, degradation and release rate, as well as satisfied biocompatibility. BPN-DFO hydrogel shown the significant up-expression of mRNA related to bone regeneration and cell proliferation. In vivo, the proposed BPN-DFO hydrogel significantly improved osteogenesis and neovascularization in the ischemic tibial bone site of SD rats with acute femoral artery occlusion. Both macroscopic and histological evaluation of new regenerated bone showed newly formed blood vessel and collagen using BPN-DFO hydrogel. The immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR revealed that the bone regeneration could be improved via BMP/Runx2 pathway. Conclusion The BPN-DFO hydrogel possesses potential tissue engineer material for ischemic bone defect treatment. However, furthermore studies are needed to testify the safety and efficacy of BPN-DFO hydrogel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingli Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University Medical School, Ningbo, 315000, People’s Republic of China
- Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaifeng Gan
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 31500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University Medical School, Ningbo, 315000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeting Wu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University Medical School, Ningbo, 315000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulong Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University Medical School, Ningbo, 315000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University Medical School, Ningbo, 315000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujie Peng
- Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuguang Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi ‘an Medical University, Xi’an, 710082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Wei
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yansheng Zhang
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihu Ma
- Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Weihu Ma; Jing Chen, Email ;
| | - Jing Chen
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315300, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhao Y, Sun Z, Zhang B, Yan Q. Unveiling the Degradation Chemistry of Fibrous Red Phosphorus under Ambient Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9925-9932. [PMID: 35138816 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The practical applications of fibrous red phosphorus (FRP), an emerging quasi-one-dimensional material, might be hindered by its environmental instability. Although other phosphorus allotropes such as white phosphorus, violet phosphorus, and black phosphorus are reported unstable under ambient conditions, the chemical stability of FRP remains unexplored. Herein, we investigate the degradation chemistry of FRP by combining experimental study and density functional theory calculations. The results reveal that both oxygen and water can react with FRP, while light illumination may accelerate these reactions. Furthermore, the degradation behavior of FRP shows a pseudo-first-order reaction in oxygenated water, while it follows a pseudo-zero-order reaction in deoxygenated water. Such different reaction kinetics originates from the preferable dissociative adsorption behaviors of O2 molecular and H2O molecular on a FRP surface or at a FRP edge. A covalent modification approach using an aryl diazonium salt was adopted to passivate the surface of FRP flakes and significantly enhance their stability in air.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunke Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhaojian Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingfeng Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kumar J, Shrivastava M. First-Principles Molecular Dynamics Insight into the Atomic Level Degradation Pathway of Phosphorene. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:696-704. [PMID: 35036736 PMCID: PMC8756585 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite its remarkable properties, phosphorene is not promising for device application due to its instability or gradual degradation under ambient conditions. The issue still persists, and no technological solution is available to address this degradation due to a lack of clarity about degradation dynamics at the atomic level. Here, we discuss atomic level degradation dynamics of phosphorene under ambient conditions while investigating the involvement of degrading agents like oxygen and water using density functional theory and first-principles molecular dynamics computations. The study reveals that the oxygen molecule dissociates spontaneously over pristine phosphorene in an ambient environment, resulting in an exothermic reaction, which is boosted further by increasing the partial pressure and temperature. The surface reaction is mainly due to the lone pair electrons of phosphorous atoms, making the degradation directional and spontaneous under oxygen atoms. We also found that while the pristine phosphorene is hydrophobic, it becomes hydrophilic after surface oxidation. Furthermore, water molecules play a vital role in the degradation process by changing the reaction dynamics path of the phosphorene-oxygen interaction and reducing the activation energy and reaction energy due to its catalyzing action. In addition, our study reveals the role of phosphorous vacancies in the degradation, which we found to act as an epicenter for the observed oxidation. The oxygen attacks directly over the vacant site and reacts faster compared to its pristine counterpart. As a result, phosphorene edges resembling extended vacancy are prominent reaction sites that oxidize anisotropically due to different bond angle strains. Our study clears the ambiguities in the kinetics of phosphorene degradation, which will help engineer passivation techniques to make phosphorene devices stable in the ambient environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeevesh Kumar
- Department of Electronic
Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Mayank Shrivastava
- Department of Electronic
Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jeong JH, Kang S, Kim N, Joshi RK, Lee GH. Recent trends in covalent functionalization of 2D materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10684-10711. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04831g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covalent functionalization of the surface is more crucial in 2D materials than in conventional bulk materials because of their atomic thinness, large surface-to-volume ratio, and uniform surface chemical potential. Because...
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang X, Wärnå JP, Wang J, Zhang P, Luo W, Ahuja R. Enhanced overall water splitting under visible light of MoSSe∣WSSe heterojunction by lateral interfacial engineering. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
22
|
Liu X, Chen K, Li X, Xu Q, Weng J, Xu J. Electron Matters: Recent Advances in Passivation and Applications of Black Phosphorus. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005924. [PMID: 34050548 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
2D materials have experienced rapid and explosive development in the past decades. Among them, black phosphorus (BP) is one of the most promising materials on account of its thickness-dependent bandgap, high charge-carrier mobility, in-plane anisotropic structure, and excellent biocompatibility, as well as the broad applications brought by the properties. In view of the electron configuration, the most unique feature of BP is the lone-pair electrons on each P atom. The lone-pair electrons inevitably cause high reactivity of BP, particularly toward water/oxygen, which greatly limits the practical application of BP under ambient conditions. The other side of the coin is that BP can serve as an electron donor to promote the construction of BP-based hybrid materials and/or to boost the performance of BP or BP-based hybrid materials in applications. Here, recent advances in passivation and application of BP by addressing the interaction between the lone-pair electrons of BP and the other materials are discussed, and prospects for future research on BP are also proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xingyun Li
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qingchi Xu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jian Weng
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu Y, Li Z, Fan F, Zhu X, Jia L, Chen M, Du P, Yang L, Yang S. Boosting Antitumor Sonodynamic Therapy Efficacy of Black Phosphorus via Covalent Functionalization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102422. [PMID: 34390202 PMCID: PMC8529424 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) triggered by ultrasound represents an emerging tumor therapy approach with minimally invasive treatment featuring nontoxicity and deep tissue-penetration, and its efficacy sensitively depends on the sonosensitizer which determines the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, for the first time covalently functionalized few-layer black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) are applied as novel sonosensitizers in SDT, achieving not only boosted SDT efficacy but also inhibited cytotoxicity relative to the pristine BPNSs. Three different covalently functionalized-BPNSs are synthesized, including the first fullerene-functionalized BPNSs with C60 covalently bonded onto the surface of BPNSs (abbreviated as C60 -s-BP), surface-functionalized BPNSs by benzoic acid (abbreviated as BA-s-BP), and edge-functionalized BPNSs by C60 (abbreviated as C60 -e-BP), and the role of covalent functionalization pattern of BPNSs on its SDT efficacy is systematically investigated. Except C60 -e-BP, both surface-functionalized BPNSs (C60 -s-BP, BA-s-BP) exhibit higher SDT efficacies than the pristine BPNSs, while the highest SDT efficacy is achieved for BA-s-BP due to its strongest capability of generating the hydroxyl (·OH) radicals, which act as the dominant ROS to kill the tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at MicroscaleCAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringAnhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at MicroscaleCAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Feng Fan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at MicroscaleCAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at MicroscaleCAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringAnhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of MicroelectronicsNanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing210023China
| | - Lingbo Jia
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at MicroscaleCAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringAnhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at MicroscaleCAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringAnhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at MicroscaleCAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringAnhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at MicroscaleCAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at MicroscaleCAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringAnhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li N, Wang R, Wang C, Gao J, Liu Z, Gu J, Jiao T. Self-assembled photo-responsive black phosphorus-azobenzene composite Langmuir films with chemical gas sensor and photoelectric conversion applications. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
25
|
Mitrović A, Abellán G, Hirsch A. Covalent and non-covalent chemistry of 2D black phosphorus. RSC Adv 2021; 11:26093-26101. [PMID: 34381597 PMCID: PMC8320089 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04416h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The post-graphene era is undoubtedly marked by two-dimensional (2D) sheet polymers, such as black phosphorus (BP). This emerging material has a fascinating structure and outstanding electronic properties and has been postulated for a plethora of applications. The need to circumvent the pronounced oxophilicity of P atoms has dominated the research on this material in recent years, with the objective of finding the most effective method to improve its environmental stability. When it comes to chemical functionalization, the few approaches reported so far involve some drawbacks such as low degree of addition and low production ability. This review presents the concepts and strategies of our studies on the chemical functionalization of BP, both non-covalent and covalent, emphazising the current synthetic challenges. Moreover, we also provide some effective pathways for the chemical activation of the unreactive basal plane, the identification of the effective binding strategies, and the concept to overcome hurdles associated with characterization tools. This work will provide fundamental insights into the controlled chemical functionalization and characterization of BP, fostering the research on this appealing 2D material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Mitrović
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry Studentski trg 12-16 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Gonzalo Abellán
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna Valencia Spain
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang X, Raghupathy RKM, Querebillo CJ, Liao Z, Li D, Lin K, Hantusch M, Sofer Z, Li B, Zschech E, Weidinger IM, Kühne TD, Mirhosseini H, Yu M, Feng X. Interfacial Covalent Bonds Regulated Electron-Deficient 2D Black Phosphorus for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reactions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008752. [PMID: 33939200 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing resource-abundant and sustainable metal-free bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts is essential for the practical application of zinc-air batteries (ZABs). 2D black phosphorus (BP) with fully exposed atoms and active lone pair electrons can be promising for oxygen electrocatalysts, which, however, suffers from low catalytic activity and poor electrochemical stability. Herein, guided by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, an efficient metal-free electrocatalyst is demonstrated via covalently bonding BP nanosheets with graphitic carbon nitride (denoted BP-CN-c). The polarized PN covalent bonds in BP-CN-c can efficiently regulate the electron transfer from BP to graphitic carbon nitride and significantly promote the OOH* adsorption on phosphorus atoms. Impressively, the oxygen evolution reaction performance of BP-CN-c (overpotential of 350 mV at 10 mA cm-2 , 90% retention after 10 h operation) represents the state-of-the-art among the reported BP-based metal-free catalysts. Additionally, BP-CN-c exhibits a small half-wave overpotential of 390 mV for oxygen reduction reaction, representing the first bifunctional BP-based metal-free oxygen catalyst. Moreover, ZABs are assembled incorporating BP-CN-c cathodes, delivering a substantially higher peak power density (168.3 mW cm-2 ) than the Pt/C+RuO2 -based ZABs (101.3 mW cm-2 ). The acquired insights into interfacial covalent bonds pave the way for the rational design of new and affordable metal-free catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Ramya Kormath Madam Raghupathy
- Dynamics of Condensed Matter and Center for Sustainable Systems Design, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn, 33098, Germany
| | - Christine Joy Querebillo
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, Dresden, 01062, Germany
- Institute for Complex MateSrials, Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Zhongquan Liao
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (IKTS), Maria-Reiche-Strasse 2, Dresden, 01109, Germany
| | - Dongqi Li
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Kui Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Power Battery Safety and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Martin Hantusch
- Institute for Complex MateSrials, Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Baohua Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Power Battery Safety and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ehrenfried Zschech
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (IKTS), Maria-Reiche-Strasse 2, Dresden, 01109, Germany
| | - Inez M Weidinger
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Thomas D Kühne
- Dynamics of Condensed Matter and Center for Sustainable Systems Design, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn, 33098, Germany
| | - Hossein Mirhosseini
- Dynamics of Condensed Matter and Center for Sustainable Systems Design, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, Paderborn, 33098, Germany
| | - Minghao Yu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
An D, Fu J, Xie Z, Xing C, Zhang B, Wang B, Qiu M. Progress in the therapeutic applications of polymer-decorated black phosphorus and black phosphorus analog nanomaterials in biomedicine. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:7076-7120. [PMID: 32648567 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00824a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Wonderful black phosphorus (BP) and some BP analogs (BPAs) have been increasingly studied for their biomedical applications owing to their fascinating properties and biodegradability, but opportunities and challenges have always coexisted in their study. Poor stability upon exposure to the natural environment is the major obstacle hampering their in vivo applications. BP/polymer and BPAs/polymer nanocomposites can not only efficiently prevent their oxidation and aggregation but also exhibit "biological activity" due to synergistic effects. In this review, we briefly describe the synthesis methods and stability strategies of BP/polymer and BPAs/polymer. Then, advances pertaining to their exciting therapeutic applications in various fields are systematically introduced, such as cancer therapy (phototherapy, drug delivery, and synergistic immunotherapy), bone regeneration, and neurogenesis. Some challenges for future clinical trials and possible directions for further study are finally discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong An
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China.
| | - Jianye Fu
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China.
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, Shenzhen 518116, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Xing
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Meng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Steiner A, Sharapa DI, Troyanov SI, Nuss J, Amsharov K. Carbon Origami via an Alumina-Assisted Cyclodehydrofluorination Strategy. Chemistry 2021; 27:6223-6229. [PMID: 32871018 PMCID: PMC8048823 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of pristine non-planar nanographenes (NGs) via a cyclodehydrofluorination strategy is reported and the creation of highly strained systems via alumina-assisted C-F bond activation is shown. Steric hindrance could execute an alternative coupling program leading to rare octagon formation offering access to elusive non-classical NGs. The combination of two alternative ways of folding could lead to the formation of various 3D NG objects, resembling the Japanese art of origami. The power of the presented "origami" approach is proved by the assembly of 12 challenging nanographenes that are π-isoelectronic to planar hexabenzocoronene but forced out of planarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann‐Kristin Steiner
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInstitute of Organic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Dmitry I. Sharapa
- Institute of Catalysis Research and TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Sergey I. Troyanov
- Department of ChemistryLomonosov Moscow State UniversityLeninskie gory119991MoscowRussia
| | - Jürgen Nuss
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State ResearchHeisenbergstraße 170569StuttgartGermany
| | - Konstantin Amsharov
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInstitute of Organic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
- South Ural State Universitypr. Lenina 76454080ChelyabinskRussia
- Institute of ChemistryOrganic ChemistryMartin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergKurt-Mothes-Strasse 206120HalleGermany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jin T, Zheng Y, Gao J, Wang Y, Li E, Chen H, Pan X, Lin M, Chen W. Controlling Native Oxidation of HfS 2 for 2D Materials Based Flash Memory and Artificial Synapse. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:10639-10649. [PMID: 33606512 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials based artificial synapses are important building blocks for the brain-inspired computing systems that are promising in handling large amounts of informational data with high energy-efficiency in the future. However, 2D devices usually rely on deposited or transferred insulators as the dielectric layer, resulting in various challenges in device compatibility and fabrication complexity. Here, we demonstrate a controllable and reliable oxidation process to turn 2D semiconductor HfS2 into native oxide, HfOx, which shows good insulating property and clean interface with HfS2. We then incorporate the HfOx/HfS2 heterostructure into a flash memory device, achieving a high on/off current ratio of ∼105, a large memory window over 60 V, good endurance, and a long retention time over 103 seconds. In particular, the memory device can work as an artificial synapse to emulate basic synaptic functions and feature good linearity and symmetry in conductance change during long-term potentiation/depression processes. A simulated artificial neural network based on our synaptic device achieves a high accuracy of ∼88% in MNIST pattern recognition. Our work provides a simple and effective approach for integrating high-k dielectrics into 2D material-based memory and synaptic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengyu Jin
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Enlong Li
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Huipeng Chen
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Pan
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Ming Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency of Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis 138634, Singapore
| | - Wei Chen
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang R, Li M, Zhou J, Zhang L, Gu J, Wang M, Jiao T. Self-Assembled Black Phosphorus-Based Composite Langmuir-Blodgett Films with an Enhanced Photocurrent Generation Capability and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Properties. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4430-4439. [PMID: 33644555 PMCID: PMC7906586 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) composite thin films were successfully prepared using black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNS) and dye molecules. Black phosphorus (BP) was first exfoliated in isopropanol solution to form BPNS, and then, BPNS were modified with 4-azidobenzoic acid (Az-BPNS) to improve their stability. The characterization results showed that the synthesized Az-BPNS-dye LB films have a uniform and ordered structure. In addition, the synthesized Az-BPNS-dye LB films exhibit excellent photoelectrochemical performance, and Az-BPNS-methylene blue (MB) produces higher photocurrent compared to Az-BPNS-Neutral red (NR) films. The current work shows an effective way to prepare functionalized BP-based materials and provide evidence for their application in optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, 438West Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
- Hebei
Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical
Engineering, Yanshan University, 438West Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- Hebei
Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical
Engineering, Yanshan University, 438West Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Jingxin Zhou
- Hebei
Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical
Engineering, Yanshan University, 438West Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Lexin Zhang
- Hebei
Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical
Engineering, Yanshan University, 438West Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Gu
- Hebei
Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical
Engineering, Yanshan University, 438West Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Mingli Wang
- Key
Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province,
School of Science, Yanshan University, 438West Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Tifeng Jiao
- State
Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, 438West Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
- Hebei
Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical
Engineering, Yanshan University, 438West Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
- . Phone: 0086-335-8056854
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dusold C, Sharapa DI, Hampel F, Hirsch A. π-Extended Diaza[7]helicenes by Hybridization of Naphthalene Diimides and Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:2332-2341. [PMID: 32815577 PMCID: PMC7898888 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of an unprecedented, π-extended hexabenzocorene (HBC)-based diaza[7]helicene is presented. The target compound was synthesized by an ortho-fusion of two naphthalene diimide (NDI) units to a HBC-skeleton. A combination of Diels-Alder and Scholl-type oxidation reactions involving a symmetric di-NDI-tolane precursor were crucial for the very selective formation of the helical superstructure via a hexaphenyl-benzene (HPB) derivative. The formation of the diaza[7]helicene moiety in the final Scholl oxidation is favoured, affording the symmetric π-extended helicene as the major product as a pair of enantiomers. The separation of the enantiomers was successfully accomplished by HPLC involving a chiral stationary phase. The absolute configuration of the enantiomers was assigned by comparison of circular dichroism spectra with quantum mechanical calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Dusold
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Dmitry I. Sharapa
- Institute of Catalysis Research and TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Han X, Song P, Xing J, Chen Z, Li D, Xu G, Zhao X, Ma F, Rong D, Shi Y, Islam MR, Liu K, Huang Y. High-Performance Phototransistors Based on MnPSe 3 and Its Hybrid Structures with Au Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:2836-2844. [PMID: 33426871 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Layered metal thiophosphates with a general formula MPX3 (M is a group VIIB or VIII element and X is a chalcogen) have emerged as a novel member in a two-dimensional (2D) family with fascinating physical and chemical properties. Herein, the photoelectric performance of the few-layer MnPSe3 was studied for the first time. The multilayer MnPSe3 shows p-type conductivity and its field-effect transistor delivers an ultralow dark current of about 0.1 pA. The photoswitching ratio reaches ∼103 at a wavelength of 375 nm, superior to that of other thiophosphates. A responsivity and detectivity of 392.78 mA/W and 2.19 × 109 Jones, respectively, have been demonstrated under irradiation of 375 nm laser with a power intensity of 0.1 mW/cm2. In particular, the photocurrent can be remarkably increased up to 30 times by integrating a layer of Au nanoparticle array at the bottom of the MnPSe3 layer. The metal-semiconductor interfacial electric field and the strain-induced flexoelectric polarization field caused by the underlying nanorugged Au nanoparticles are proposed to contribute together to the significant current improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Pengbo Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jie Xing
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Danyang Li
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guangyuan Xu
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhao
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fangyuan Ma
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dongke Rong
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Youguo Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Md Rasidul Islam
- Key laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kong Liu
- Key laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dong Y, Wang S, Yu C, Li F, Gong J, Zhao J. First-principles explorations on P8 and N2 assembled nanowire and nanosheet. NANO EXPRESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/abd899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
‘Bottom-up’ method is a powerful approach to design nanomaterials with desired properties. The bottle neck of being oxidized of phosphorous structures may be conquered by cluster assembling method. Here, we used P8 and N2 as assembling units to construct one-dimensional (1D) nanowire (NW) and two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet (NS), the stability, electronic and magnetic properties of these assembled nanomaterials are investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The assembled 1D-P8N2 NW and 2D-P8N4 NS are identified to possess good stability, as demonstrated by their high cohesive energies, positive phonon dispersions, and structural integrity through molecular dynamics simulations at 300 and 500 K. Moreover, they also exhibit good anti-oxidization property. The 2D-P8N4 NS is a direct bandgap semiconductor with the HSE06 gap of 2.61 eV, and shows appropriate band-edge aliments and moderate carrier mobility for photocatalyzing water splitting. The 1D-P8N2 NW is an indirect bandgap semiconductor, and Mn doping could convert it into a dilute magnetic semiconductor (DMS) with one Dirac cone in the spin-up channel, while the vdW-type sheet composed of Mn1@1D-P8N2 NWs is a ferromagnetic metal. Our theoretical study is helpful to design stable phosphorus-based nanomaterials with diverse properties and potential applications.
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhu C, Shoyama K, Würthner F. Conformation and Aromaticity Switching in a Curved Non-Alternant sp 2 Carbon Scaffold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21505-21509. [PMID: 32815658 PMCID: PMC7756343 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A curved sp2 carbon scaffold containing fused pentagon and heptagon units (1) was synthesized by Pd-catalyzed [5+2] annulation from a 3,9-diboraperylene precursor and shows two reversible oxidation processes at low redox potential, accompanied by a butterfly-like motion. Stepwise oxidation produced radical cation 1.+ and dication 12+ . In the crystal structure, 1 exhibits a chiral cisoid conformation and partial π-overlap between the enantiomers. For the radical cation 1.+ , a less curved cisoid conformation is observed with a π-dimer-type arrangement. 12+ adopts a more planar structure with transoid conformation and slip-stacked π-overlap with closest neighbors. We also observed an intermolecular mixed-valence complex of 1⋅(1.+ )3 that has a huge trigonal unit cell [(1)72 (SbF6 )54 ⋅(hexane)101 ] and hexagonal columnar stacks. In addition to the conformational change, the aromaticity of 1 changes from localized to delocalized, as demonstrated by AICD and NICS(1)zz calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongwei Zhu
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kirschbaum T, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. An Isosteric Triaza Analogue of a Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Monkey Saddle. Chemistry 2020; 26:14560-14564. [PMID: 32539193 PMCID: PMC7756504 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Since a few years, the interest in negatively-curved fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has significantly increased. Recently, the first chiral negatively-curved PAH with the topology of a monkey saddle was introduced. Herein the synthesis of its triaza congener is reported. The influence of this CH↔N exchange on photophysical and electrochemical properties is studied as well as the isomerization process of the enantiomers. The aza analogue has a significantly higher inversion barrier, which makes it easier to handle at room temperature. All experimental results are underpinned by theoretical DFT calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kirschbaum
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lu F, Li Z, Kang Y, Su Z, Yu R, Zhang S. Black phosphorus quantum dots encapsulated in anionic waterborne polyurethane nanoparticles for enhancing stability and reactive oxygen species generation for cancer PDT/PTT therapy. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10650-10661. [PMID: 33150923 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02101f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) with excellent biocompatibility, outstanding photothermal and photodynamic efficacies have attracted significant attention in cancer therapy. However, the low environmental stability and poor dispersity of BPQDs limit their practical applications. In the present work, biocompatible anionic waterborne polyurethane (WPU) nanoparticles were synthesized from castor oil to encapsulate the BPQDs. The WPU-BPQDs with a BPQDs loading capacity of about 13.8% (w/w) exhibited significantly improved dispersion and environmental stability without affecting the photothermal efficiency of BPQDs. Intriguingly, it was found that WPU encapsulation led to significant enhancement in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation of BPQDs, which indicated the enhanced photodynamic efficacy of the encapsulated BPQDs as compared to the bare BPQDs. The effect of solution pH on the ROS generation efficiency of BPQDs and the pH variation caused by BPQDs degradation was then investigated to explore the possible mechanism. In acidic solution, ROS generation was suppressed, while BPQDs degradation led to the acidification of the solution. Fortunately, after being encapsulated inside the WPU nanoparticles, the degradation rate of BPQDs became slower, while the acidic environment around BPQDs was favorably regulated by WPU nanoparticles having a special electrochemical double layer consisting of interior COO- and exterior NH(Et3)+, thus endowing the WPU-BPQDs-boosted production of ROS as compared to the bare BPQDs. Considering the undesired acidic tumor environment, this unique pH regulation effect of WPU-BPQDs would be beneficial for in vivo photodynamic efficacy. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that WPU-BPQDs could effectively improve photodynamic therapy (PDT) and maintain outstanding photothermal therapy (PTT) effects. Together with the excellent dispersity, biocompatibility, and easy biodegradability, WPU-BPQDs can be a promising agent for PDT/PTT cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sun S, Yang T, Luo YZ, Gou J, Huang Y, Gu C, Ma Z, Lian X, Duan S, Wee ATS, Lai M, Zhang JL, Feng YP, Chen W. Realization of a Buckled Antimonene Monolayer on Ag(111) via Surface Engineering. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8976-8982. [PMID: 33035053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The degree of buckling of two-dimensional (2D) materials can have a dramatic impact on their corresponding electronic structures. Antimonene (β-phase), a new 2D material with air stability and promising electronic properties, has been engineered to adopt flat or two-heights-buckling geometries by employing different supporting substrates for epitaxial growth. However, studies of the antimonene monolayer with a more buckled configuration are still lacking. Here, we report the synthesis of an antimonene monolayer with a three-heights-buckling configuration overlaid on SbAg2 surface alloy-covered Ag(111) by molecular beam epitaxy, in which the underlying surface alloy provides interfacial interactions to modulate the structure of the antimonene monolayer. The atomic structure of the synthesized antimonene has been precisely identified through a combination of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations. The successful fabrication of a buckled antimonene monolayer could provide a promising way to modulate the structures of 2D materials for future electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | - Tong Yang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore
| | - Yong Zheng Luo
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore
| | - Jian Gou
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore
| | - Yuli Huang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore
| | - Chengding Gu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | - Zhirui Ma
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | - Xu Lian
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | - Sisheng Duan
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore
| | - Andrew T S Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore
| | - Min Lai
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jia Lin Zhang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | - Yuan Ping Feng
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542 Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wan D, Huang H, Wang Z, Liu X, Liao L. Recent advances in long-term stable black phosphorus transistors. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:20089-20099. [PMID: 33006355 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05204c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional black phosphorus (BP) presents extensive exciting properties attributed to the high mobility and non-dangling bonds uniform surface with simultaneously obtained atomically ultrathin body and offer opportunities beyond the traditional materials. BP has thus emerged as a unique material in the post-silicon era for low-power electronics and photo-electronics. Tremendous efforts have been invested in fully developing the extreme potentiality of BP for future nanoelectronics. However, the accompanying challenges, especially the poor stability that originates from the active surface, in fabricating large-area BP transistors with comparable electrical performance to silicon electronics prevent their practical application. Herein, we review the progress of recent works that demonstrated the feasibility of enhancing the stability of BP electronics, and identify the opportunities and challenges in developing BP as atomically thin semiconductors for next-generation nanoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Wan
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Hao Huang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhongzheng Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xingqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-/Nano-Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Lei Liao
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shen X, Xu W, Guo J, Ouyang J, Na N. Chemiluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Mesoporous Silica Nanosensors for the Detection of miRNA. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2800-2805. [PMID: 32786376 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET)-based method is free of autofluorescence interference, which can achieve an extremely high signal-to-background ratio for detection. Nevertheless, this method is still hindered by the inner filter effect, quenching effect, and nonspecific absorption of reported nanoparticles. Herein, mesoporous silica nanomaterials (MSNs) acted as carriers to load both the donor (horseradish peroxidase, HRP) and the acceptor (a functional DNA duplex). This approach realized the construction of a new CRET-based nanosensor for the sensitive detection of miRNA. By controlling the energy-transfer distance with the designed DNAs, the donor emission at 430 nm could be quenched by the adsorption of the dye labeled on the acceptor DNA. The CRET system could be destroyed by releasing acceptor DNA from linker DNA via the competitive hybridization of target miRNA, resulting in emission recovery for quantification. With the cancer biomarker miR-155 as the model, the sensitive and selective detection of miR-155 was achieved, which showed high energy-transfer efficiency, good specificity, favorable biodegradability, and low toxicity. This work provides a potential pathway for biological detection and clinical diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Shen
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiabao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jin Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Na Na
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu Y, Zhu D, Zhu X, Cai G, Wu J, Chen M, Du P, Chen Y, Liu W, Yang S. Enhancing the photodynamic therapy efficacy of black phosphorus nanosheets by covalently grafting fullerene C 60. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11435-11442. [PMID: 34094386 PMCID: PMC8162772 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03349a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Few-layer black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets show potential application in biomedicine such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), and are therefore commonly used in anticancer therapy and nanomedicine due to being relatively less invasive. However, they suffer from low ambient stability and poor therapeutic efficacy. Herein, C60 was covalently grafted onto the edges of BP nanosheets, and the resultant BP-C60 hybrid was applied as a novel endocytosing photosensitizer, resulting in not only significantly enhanced PDT efficacy relative to that of the pristine BP nanosheets, but also drastically improved stability in a physiological environment, as confirmed by both in vitro and in vivo studies. Such improved stability was due to shielding effect of the stable hydrophobic C60 molecules. The enhanced PDT efficacy is interpreted from the photoinduced electron transfer from BP to C60, leading to the promoted generation of ˙OH radicals, acting as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) that is effective in killing tumor cells. Furthermore, the BP-C60 hybrid exhibited low systemic toxicity in the major organs of mice. The BP-C60 hybrid represents the first BP-fullerene hybrid nanomaterial fulfilling promoted ROS generation and consequently enhanced PDT efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Daoming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Gaoke Cai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Yongshun Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ohayon D, Inal S. Organic Bioelectronics: From Functional Materials to Next-Generation Devices and Power Sources. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001439. [PMID: 32691880 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) possess a unique set of features setting them apart from other materials. These properties make them ideal when interfacing the biological world electronically. Their mixed electronic and ionic conductivity can be used to detect weak biological signals, deliver charged bioactive molecules, and mechanically or electrically stimulate tissues. CPs can be functionalized with various (bio)chemical moieties and blend with other functional materials, with the aim of modulating biological responses or endow specificity toward analytes of interest. They can absorb photons and generate electronic charges that are then used to stimulate cells or produce fuels. These polymers also have catalytic properties allowing them to harvest ambient energy and, along with their high capacitances, are promising materials for next-generation power sources integrated with bioelectronic devices. In this perspective, an overview of the key properties of CPs and examination of operational mechanism of electronic devices that leverage these properties for specific applications in bioelectronics is provided. In addition to discussing the chemical structure-functionality relationships of CPs applied at the biological interface, the development of new chemistries and form factors that would bring forth next-generation sensors, actuators, and their power sources, and, hence, advances in the field of organic bioelectronics is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Ohayon
- Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahika Inal
- Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hsieh YL, Su WH, Huang CC, Su CY. In Situ Cleaning and Fluorination of Black Phosphorus for Enhanced Performance of Transistors with High Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:37375-37383. [PMID: 32700524 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Most two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors suffer from intrinsic instability under ambient conditions, especially 2D black phosphorus (BP). Although much effort has been made to study the passivation of 2D materials against corrosion by oxygen and water molecules, facile and effective passivation with long-term stability is still challenging; in particular, selective passivation, which is critical for integration into nanoelectronics, is still lacking. Here, we develop a novel passivation route for BP using a fluorinated self-assembled thin film of PFSA (perfluorosulfonic acid, PFSA), where the surface modifier with high hydrophobicity on BP presents extremely stable characteristics over five months under ambient conditions. Moreover, we report for the first time in situ cleaning and selective fluorination of only BP flakes on a SiO2/Si substrate by a spin-coating process followed by ultrasonication, which was attributed to the formation of P-F covalent bonds on the BP surface. Selectively fluorinated BP shows not only enhanced stability in air but also electrical properties of the BP field-effect transistor (FET), with the on-current of the BP FET increasing and presenting enhanced carrier mobility (125 cm2 V-1 s-1) and on/off ratio (104). This significant finding sheds light on fabricating vertical 2D heterostructures to realize high performance and reliability with versatile 2D materials. This work demonstrates an emerging passivation approach for long-term stability together with superior electrical properties, which paves the way for integrating 2D semiconductors into critical channel materials in FETs that are favorable for next-generation digital logic circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Tao-Yuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsuan Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Tao-Yuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chun Huang
- Graduate Institute of Energy Engineering, National Central University, Tao-Yuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuan Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Tao-Yuan 32001, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Energy Engineering, National Central University, Tao-Yuan 32001, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Material Science and Engineering, National Central University, Tao-Yuan 32001, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
A synthetic route towards a novel hexabenzocoronene-based helical nanographene motif was developed. A hexaphenylbenzene precursor was therefore designed, which cannot undergo, due to steric restrictions, a complete planarization reaction. This precursor was transformed under oxidative cyclodehydrogenation conditions to a π-extended [5]helicene, which was fully characterized including X-ray diffraction analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max M. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for, Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NuernbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for, Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NuernbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for, Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NuernbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ma B, Martín C, Kurapati R, Bianco A. Degradation-by-design: how chemical functionalization enhances the biodegradability and safety of 2D materials. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6224-6247. [PMID: 32724940 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00822e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A large number of graphene and other 2D materials are currently used for the development of new technologies, increasingly entering different industrial sectors. Interrogating the impact of such 2D materials on health and environment is crucial for both modulating their potential toxicity in living organisms and eliminating them from the environment. In this context, understanding if 2D materials are bio-persistent is mandatory. In this review we describe the importance of biodegradability and decomposition of 2D materials. We initially cover the biodegradation of graphene family materials, followed by other emerging classes of 2D materials including transition metal dichalcogenides and oxides, Xenes, Mxenes and other non-metallic 2D materials. We explain the role of defects and functional groups, introduced onto the surface of the materials during their preparation, and the consequences of chemical functionalization on biodegradability. In strong relation to the chemistry on 2D materials, we describe the concept of "degradation-by-design" that we contributed to develop, and which concerns the covalent modification with appropriate molecules to enhance the biodegradability of 2D materials. Finally, we cover the importance of designing new biodegradable 2D conjugates and devices for biomedical applications as drug delivery carriers, in bioelectronics, and tissue engineering. We would like to highlight that the biodegradation of 2D materials mainly depends on the type of material, the chemical functionalization, the aqueous dispersibility and the redox potentials of the different oxidative environments. Biodegradation is one of the necessary conditions for the safe application of 2D materials. Therefore, we hope that this review will help to better understand their biodegradation processes, and will stimulate the chemists to explore new chemical strategies to design safer products, composites and devices containing 2D materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baojin Ma
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Oxidation promoted osmotic energy conversion in black phosphorus membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:13959-13966. [PMID: 32513735 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003898117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanofluidic ion transporting membranes show great promise in harvesting the "blue" osmotic energy between river water and sea water. Black phosphorus (BP), an emerging layered material, has recently been explored for a wide range of ambient applications. However, little attention has been paid to the extraction of the worldwide osmotic energy, despite its large potential as an energy conversion membrane. Here, we report an experimental investigation of BP membrane in osmotic energy conversion and reveal how the oxidation of BP influences power generation. Through controllable oxidation in water, power output of the BP membrane can be largely enhanced, which can be attributed to the generated charged phosphorus compounds. Depending on the valence of oxidized BP that is associated with oxygen concentration, the power density can be precisely controlled and substantially promoted by ∼220% to 1.6 W/m2 (compared with the pristine BP membrane). Moreover, through constructing a heterostructure with graphene oxide, ion selectivity of the BP membrane increases by ∼80%, contributing to enhanced charge separation efficiency and thus improved performance of ∼4.7 W/m2 that outperforms most of the state-of-the-art 2D nanofluidic membranes.
Collapse
|
46
|
Recent insights into the robustness of two-dimensional black phosphorous in optoelectronic applications. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2020.100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
47
|
Yang H, Xiang D, Mao H, Liu T, Wang Y, Guo R, Zheng Y, Ye X, Gao J, Ge Q, Deng C, Cai W, Zhang X, Qin S, Chen W. Native Oxide Seeded Spontaneous Integration of Dielectrics on Exfoliated Black Phosphorus. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:24411-24418. [PMID: 32352282 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have been a central focus for next-generation electronics and optoelectronics owing to their great potential to extend the scaling limits in a silicon transistor. However, due to the lack of surface dangling bonds in most 2D semiconductors, such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), the direct growth of the high-κ film on these 2D materials via an atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique often produces dielectrics with poor quality, which hinders their integration in the modern semiconductor industry. Here, we comprehensively investigate the ALD growth of the Al2O3 layer on 2D exfoliated black phosphorus (BP). Intriguingly, we found that the 2D BP with "silicon-like" characteristics possesses a native surface oxide layer PxOy after air exposure. The PxOy-induced surface dangling bonds enable the spontaneous integration of the high-quality Al2O3 layer on the BP flake without any pretreatments to functionalize the surface. Additionally, the Al2O3 layer could effectively passivate BP to prevent its degradation in ambient conditions, which addresses the most serious problem of the BP material. Moreover, the Al2O3-encapsulated BP field-effect transistor (FET) exhibits good electrical transport performance, with a high hole mobility of ∼420 cm2 V-1 s-1 and electron mobility of ∼80 cm2 V-1 s-1. Moreover, the high-quality Al2O3 layer can also be integrated into the top-gated BP transistor and inverter. Our findings reveal the silicon-like characteristics of BP for the high-κ ALD dielectric growth technology, which promises the seamless integration of 2D BP in the modern semiconductor industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- College of Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Du Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hongying Mao
- Department of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Qi Ge
- Chongqing 2D Materials Institute, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Chuyun Deng
- College of Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xueao Zhang
- Chongqing 2D Materials Institute, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing 400714, China
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shiqiao Qin
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gu C, Zhang JL, Sun S, Lian X, Ma Z, Mao H, Guo L, Wang Y, Chen W. Molecular-Scale Investigation of the Thermal and Chemical Stability of Monolayer PTCDA on Cu(111) and Cu(110). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:22327-22334. [PMID: 32314565 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) has been intensively investigated for decades because of its unique electronic and optical properties and its applications in organic electronics and surface engineering and passivation of 2D materials. Recently, the high demand for achieving selective area deposition in device fabrications drives the research of utilizing organic molecules as a passivation layer on metals in the semiconductor industry. PTCDA molecules show promising potential to be used as a passivation layer on a metal surface because of their ability to form self-assembled compact lying-down layers with the well-exposed inert conjugated molecular π-plane. However, the thermal and chemical stabilities of monolayer PTCDA on metal surfaces have not been thoroughly studied. In this paper, we demonstrate that monolayer PTCDA on Cu(110) and Cu(111) surfaces exhibit good thermal and chemical stabilities, as revealed through the combination of in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy measurements. We show that monolayer PTCDA on copper is stable up to 220 °C and decomposes to perylene at higher temperature. Monolayer PTCDA also shows good chemical stability when exposed to O2 and water, demonstrating good potential for its future applications as passivation layers in selective area deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengding Gu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jia Lin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore
| | - Shuo Sun
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore
| | - Xu Lian
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhirui Ma
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hongying Mao
- Department of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development (EPD), Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore
| | - Yongping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Caporali M, Serrano-Ruiz M, Telesio F, Heun S, Verdini A, Cossaro A, Dalmiglio M, Goldoni A, Peruzzini M. Enhanced ambient stability of exfoliated black phosphorus by passivation with nickel nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:275708. [PMID: 32235041 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab851e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery, the environmental instability of exfoliated black phosphorus (2D bP) has emerged as a challenge that hampers its wide application in chemistry, physics, and materials science. Many studies have been carried out to overcome this drawback. Here we show a relevant enhancement of ambient stability in few-layer bP decorated with nickel nanoparticles as compared to pristine bP. In detail, the behavior of the Ni-functionalized material exposed to ambient conditions in the dark is accurately studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Raman Spectroscopy, and high resolution x-ray Photoemission and Absorption Spectroscopy. These techniques provide a morphological and quantitative insight of the oxidation process taking place at the surface of the bP flakes. In the presence of Ni nanoparticles (NPs), the decay time of 2D bP to phosphorus oxides is more than three time slower compared to pristine bP, demonstrating an improved structural stability within 20 months of observation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caporali
- CNR ICCOM, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Naclerio AE, Zakharov DN, Kumar J, Rogers B, Pint CL, Shrivastava M, Kidambi PR. Visualizing Oxidation Mechanisms in Few-Layered Black Phosphorus via In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:15844-15854. [PMID: 32134627 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Layered two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (BP) exhibits novel semiconducting properties including a tunable bandgap and high electron mobility. However, the poor stability of BP in ambient environment severely limits potential for application in future electronic and optoelectronic devices. While passivation or encapsulation of BP using inert materials/polymers has emerged as a plausible solution, a detailed fundamental understanding of BP's reaction with oxygen is imperative to rationally advance its use in applications. Here, we use in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy to elucidate atomistic structural changes in mechanically exfoliated few-layered BP during exposure to varying partial pressures of oxygen. An amorphous oxide layer is seen on the actively etching BP edges, and the thickness of this layer increases with increasing oxygen partial pressure, indicating that oxidation proceeds via initial formation of amorphous PxOy species which sublime to result in the etching of the BP crystal. We observe that while few-layered BP is stable under the 80 kV electron beam (e-beam) in vacuum, the lattice oxidizes and degrades at room temperature in the presence of oxygen only in the region under the e-beam. The oxidative etch rate also increases with increasing e-beam dosage, suggesting the presence of an energy barrier for the oxidation reaction. Preferential oxidative etching along the [0 0 1] and [0 0 1] crystallographic directions is observed, in good agreement with density functional theory calculations showing favorable thermodynamic stability of the oxidized BP (0 0 1) planes compared to the (1 0 0) planes. We expect the atomistic insights and fundamental understanding obtained here to aid in the development of novel approaches to integrate BP in future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Naclerio
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1826, United States
| | - Dmitri N Zakharov
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jeevesh Kumar
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Bridget Rogers
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1826, United States
| | - Cary L Pint
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Mayank Shrivastava
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Piran R Kidambi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1826, United States
| |
Collapse
|