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Chen Y, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Chen X, Liu X, Li L, Cao D, Wang S, Zhang L. A Novel Homoconjugated Propellane Triimide: Synthesis, Structural Analyses, and Gas Separation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401706. [PMID: 38419479 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Rigid three-dimensional (3D) polycyclic propellanes have garnered interest due to their unique conformational spaces, which display great potential use in selectivity, separation and as models to study through-space electronic interactions. Herein we report the synthesis of a novel rigid propellane, trinaphtho[3.3.3]propellane triimide, which comprises three imide groups embedded on a trinaphtho[3.3.3]propellane. This propellane triimide exhibits large bathochromic shift, amplified molar absorptivity, enhanced fluorescence, and lower reduction potential when compared to the subunits. Computational and experimental studies reveal that the effective through-space π-orbitals interacting (homoconjugation) occurs between the subunits. Single-crystal XRD analysis reveals that the propellane triimide has a highly quasi-D3h symmetric skeleton and readily crystallizes into different superstructures by changing alkyl chains at the imide positions. In particular, the porous 3D superstructure with S-shaped channels is promising for taking up ethane (C2H6) with very good selectivity over ethylene (C2H4), which can purify C2H4 from C2H6/C2H4 in a single separation step. This work showcases a new class of rare 3D polycyclic propellane with intriguing electronic and supramolecular properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yongting Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yubo Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiangping Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shitao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
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2
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Li R, Mak CH, Luo K, Wang F, Liu G, Tan B, Liu G, Xu Y, Yang YD, Wei H, Huang Z, Wu L, Zhao X, Hsu HY, He Q, Sessler JL, Zhang Z. Cyclo[2]pyridine[8]pyrrole: An Expanded Porphyrinoid with Three Closed-Shell Oxidation States. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3585-3590. [PMID: 38316138 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
We report here an expanded porphyrinoid, cyclo[2]pyridine[8]pyrrole, 1, that can exist at three closed-shell oxidation levels. Macrocycle 1 was synthesized via the oxidative coupling of two open chain precursors and fully characterized by means of NMR and UV-vis spectroscopies, MS, and X-ray crystallography. Reduction of the fully oxidized form (1, blue) with NaBH4 produced either the half-oxidized (2, teal) or fully reduced forms (3, pale yellow), depending on the amount of reducing agent used and the presence or absence of air. Reduced products 2 or 3 can be oxidized to 1 by various oxidants (quinones, FeCl3, and AgPF6). Macrocycle 1 also undergoes proton-coupled reductions with I-, Br-, Cl-, SO32-, or S2O32- in the presence of an acid. Certain thiol-containing compounds likewise reduce 1 to 2 or 3. This conversion is accompanied by a readily discernible color change, making cyclo[2]pyridine[8]pyrrole 1 able to differentiate biothiols, such as cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiquan Li
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chun-Hong Mak
- School of Energy and Environment & Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ke Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, No. 2 Lushan Road (S), Yuelu District, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, No. 2 Lushan Road (S), Yuelu District, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Guopeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bingbin Tan
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Gen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yajie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yu-Dong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street-Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Huiqi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhengxi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lamei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xinyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- School of Energy and Environment & Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Qing He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, No. 2 Lushan Road (S), Yuelu District, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street-Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
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3
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Sanil G, Krzeszewski M, Chaładaj W, Danikiewicz W, Knysh I, Dobrzycki Ł, Staszewska-Krajewska O, Cyrański MK, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT. Gold-Catalyzed 1,2-Aryl Shift and Double Alkyne Benzannulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311123. [PMID: 37823245 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The tandem intramolecular hydroarylation of alkynes accompanied by a 1,2-aryl shift is described. Harnessing the unique electron-rich character of 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole scaffold, we demonstrate that the hydroarylation of alkynes proceeds at the already occupied positions 2 and 5 leading to a 1,2-aryl shift. Remarkably, the reaction proceeds only in the presence of cationic gold catalyst, and it leads to heretofore unknown π-expanded, centrosymmetric pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles. The utility is verified in the preparation of 13 products that bear six conjugated rings. The observed compatibility with various functional groups allows for increased tunability with regard to the photophysical properties as well as providing sites for further functionalization. Computational studies of the reaction mechanism revealed that the formation of the six-membered rings accompanied with a 1,2-aryl shift is both kinetically and thermodynamically favourable over plausible formation of products containing 7-membered rings. Steady-state UV/Visible spectroscopy reveals that upon photoexcitation, the prepared S-shaped N-doped nanographenes undergo mostly radiative relaxation leading to large fluorescence quantum yields. Their optical properties are rationalized through time-dependent density functional theory calculations. We anticipate that this chemistry will empower the creation of new materials with various functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gana Sanil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Chaładaj
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Witold Danikiewicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iryna Knysh
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Michał K Cyrański
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Matuszczyk D, Lee YJ, Kang S, Chmielewski PJ, Cybińska J, Kim D, Stępień M. π-Extended Hexapyrrolylbenzenes: Exploring Charge-Transfer Phenomena in Donor-Acceptor Propellers. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302429. [PMID: 37624878 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
A family of propeller-shaped donor-acceptor hexapyrrolylbenzenes (HPBs) were designed and synthesized by sequential nucleophilic substitution of hexafluorobenzene with π-extended pyrroles. In particular, four hybrids were obtained, containing various combinations of electron-rich and electron-poor acenaphthylene-fused pyrroles. Additionally, to probe the efficiency of ortho transfer interactions, a system was designed containing unique donor and acceptor subunits spatially separated with four unfunctionalized pyrroles. DFT calculations showed propeller-shaped geometries of all HPB molecules and separation of frontier molecular orbitals between donor and acceptor subunits. Steady-state and time-resolved photophysical measurements revealed charge-transfer (CT) character of the emission with strong positive dependence on solvent polarity. The principal CT pathway involves ortho-positioned pairs of donors and acceptors and requires bending of the acceptor in the excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Matuszczyk
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongsoo Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
- Polski, Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologii (PORT), ul. Stabłowicka147, 54-066, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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5
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Delage-Laurin L, Swager TM. Liquid Crystalline Magneto-Optically Active Peralkylated Azacoronene. JACS AU 2023; 3:1965-1974. [PMID: 37502152 PMCID: PMC10369420 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic Faraday rotators have gained significant attention in recent years as a promising alternative to traditional inorganic magneto-optical (MO) materials as a result of their lower cost, superior mechanical properties, and potential for large-scale deployment. This interest is peaked by the fact that a number of high symmetry, rigid, strongly optically absorbing organic chromophores display Verdet constants an order of magnitude higher than commercial inorganic Faraday rotators. Critical to the development of new generations of organic materials is the ability to organize them in optimal structures for optical coupling/measurements. We report herein the synthesis of a dodecyl-substituted hexapyrrolohexaazacoronene (C12-HPHAC) displaying discotic liquid crystalline (LC) properties and large Faraday rotation. Thin films with a redox mixed C12-HPHAC/C12-HPHAC+2 composition display a discotic columnar LC phase, are stable to air and moisture in the solid and solution states, and achieve a maximum Verdet constant of 3.36 × 105 deg T-1 m-1 at 700 nm. This result is consistent with Serber's model of magnetic circular birefringence and displays one of the largest reported Verdet constants for organic materials in the UV-Vis range. The LC phase aligns the molecules and leads to gains in Verdet constants of up to 105% through the favorable orientation of the molecules' magnetic and electric transition dipole moments with respect to the applied magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Delage-Laurin
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Institute
for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy M. Swager
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Institute
for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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6
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Takase M, Takata T, Oki K, Mori S, Uno H. Substituent effects on paratropicity and diatropicity in π-extended hexapyrrolohexaazacoronene. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7036-7043. [PMID: 37389264 PMCID: PMC10306074 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc07037e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Research into the application of antiaromatic compounds as molecular materials is an attractive strategy in the development of electronic materials. Antiaromatic compounds have traditionally been considered to be unstable, and thus, the creation of stable antiaromatic compounds has been sought in the field of organic chemistry. Recently, some studies have been reported on the synthesis, isolation, and elucidation of the physical properties of compounds with stability and definitive antiaromatic properties. In general, antiaromatic compounds are considered to be more susceptible to substituents due to their inherently narrow HOMO-LUMO gap compared to aromatic compounds. However, there have been no studies examining substituent effects in antiaromatic compounds. In this study, we have developed a synthetic method to introduce various substituents into π-extended hexapyrrolohexaazacoronene (homoHPHAC+), one of the stable and clearly antiaromatic compounds, and investigated the substituent effects on the optical, redox, and geometrical properties and paratropicity of a series of compounds. In addition, the properties of the two-electron oxidized form, homoHPHAC3+, were investigated. Control of electronic properties by introducing substituents into antiaromatic compounds provides a new design guideline for molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Takase
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
- Research Unit on Molecular Materials Science for Toroidal π-Electron Systems, Ehime University Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Toranosuke Takata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Kosuke Oki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Research Unit on Molecular Materials Science for Toroidal π-Electron Systems, Ehime University Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
- Advanced Research Support Center (ADRES), Ehime University Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Uno
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
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7
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Takase M, Sagawa A, Mori S, Okujima T, Uno H. Pyrrole-Fused Azacoronene Analog with Sulfur Embedded in the Outer Periphery. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37256912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of sulfur-embedded hexapyrrolohexaazacoronene (HPHAC) analog 2 and its corresponding desulfurized and rearranged compounds was achieved from tetrafluoroisothianaphthene. Structures of all the new π-skeletons were determined by X-ray crystallography. Comparison of the electronic spectrum of 2 with those of its derivatives revealed less involvement of the sulfur atom in π-conjugation. Similar to the reference HPHAC (1), compound 2 and its derivatives exhibited reversible oxidation behavior. The aromaticity of both neutral and dication states has been investigated through DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Takase
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
- Research Unit on Molecular Materials Science for Toroidal π-Electron Systems, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Aiki Sagawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Research Unit on Molecular Materials Science for Toroidal π-Electron Systems, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
- Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Okujima
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Uno
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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8
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Guo J, Zhang T, Li Z, Ye K, Wang Y, Dou C. Distorted B/O-containing nanographenes with tunable optical properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2644-2647. [PMID: 36779481 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06376j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of two B/O-containing nanographenes, which feature the fusion of three or six planar B/O-heterocycles onto one hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene π-framework. Incorporation of the B/O-heterocycles not only leads to distorted geometries, but also modulates the electronic structures and results in gradually red-shifted absorptions and fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Zeyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China. .,Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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9
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Nebauer J, Neiß C, Krug M, Vogel A, Fehn D, Ozaki S, Rominger F, Meyer K, Kamada K, Guldi DM, Görling A, Kivala M. Oxidative Cyclodehydrogenation of Trinaphthylamine: Selective Formation of a Nitrogen-Centered Polycyclic π-System Comprising 5- and 7-Membered Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205287. [PMID: 35900162 PMCID: PMC9804279 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new type of nitrogen-centered polycyclic scaffold comprising a unique combination of 5-, 6-, and 7-membered rings. The compound is accessible through an intramolecular oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of tri(1-naphthyl)amine. To the best of our knowledge this is the very first example of a direct 3-fold cyclization of a triarylamine under oxidative conditions. The unusual ring fusion motif is confirmed by X-ray crystallography and the impact of cyclization on the electronic and photophysical properties is investigated both experimentally and theoretically based on density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The formation of the unexpected product is rationalized by detailed mechanistic studies on the DFT level. The results suggest the cyclization to occur under kinetic control via a dicationic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Nebauer
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany,Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Christian Neiß
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of Theoretical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Marcel Krug
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInterdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Alexander Vogel
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany,Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Dominik Fehn
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of General and Inorganic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Shuhei Ozaki
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NMRI)National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)1-8-31 MidorigaokaIkeda, Osaka563-8577Japan,Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Science and TechnologyKwansei Gakuin UniversitySanda669-1337Japan
| | - Frank Rominger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of General and Inorganic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Kenji Kamada
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NMRI)National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)1-8-31 MidorigaokaIkeda, Osaka563-8577Japan,Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Science and TechnologyKwansei Gakuin UniversitySanda669-1337Japan
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInterdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of Theoretical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany,Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
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10
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Kumar R, Chmielewski PJ, Lis T, Volkmer D, Stępień M. Tridecacyclene Tetraimide: An Easily Reduced Cyclooctatetraene Derivative. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207486. [PMID: 35819871 PMCID: PMC9545420 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Piotr J. Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Dirk Volkmer
- Institute of Physics Chair of Solid State and Materials Science Augsburg University Universitätsstrasse 1 86159 Augsburg Germany
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
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11
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Abstract
The creation and development of new forms of nanocarbons have fundamentally transformed the scientific landscape in the past three decades. As new members of the nanocarbon family with accurate size, shape, and edge structure, molecular carbon imides (MCIs) have shown unexpected and unique properties. Particularly, the imide functionalization strategy has endowed these rylene-based molecular carbons with fascinating characteristics involving flexible syntheses, tailor-made structures, diverse properties, excellent processability, and good stability. This Perspective elaborates molecular design evolution to functional landscapes, and illustrative examples are given, including a promising library of multi-size and multi-dimensional MCIs with rigidly conjugated π-architectures, ranging from 1D nanoribbon imides and 2D nanographene imides to cross-dimensional MCIs. Although researchers have achieved substantial progress in using MCIs as functional components for exploration of charge transport, photoelectric conversion, and chiral luminescence performances, they are far from unleashing their full potential. Developing highly efficient and regioselective coupling/ring-closure reactions involving the formation of multiple C-C bonds and the annulation of electron-deficient aromatic units is crucial. Prediction by theory with the help of machine learning and artificial intelligence research along with reliable nanotechnology characterization will give an impetus to the blossom of related fields. Future investigations will also have to advance toward─or even focus on─the emerging potential functions, especially in the fields of chiral electronics and spin electronics, which are expected to open new avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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12
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Nebauer J, Neiß C, Krug M, Vogel A, Fehn D, Ozaki S, Rominger F, Meyer K, Kamada K, Guldi DM, Görling A, Kivala M. Oxidative Cyclodehydrogenation of Trinaphthylamine: Selective Formation of a Nitrogen‐Centered Polycyclic π‐System Comprising 5‐ and 7‐Membered Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Nebauer
- Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg Organisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Christian Neiß
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Department Chemie und Pharmazie GERMANY
| | - Marcel Krug
- Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Department Chemie und Pharmazie GERMANY
| | - Alexander Vogel
- Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg Organisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Dominik Fehn
- Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Department Chemie und Pharmazie GERMANY
| | - Shuhei Ozaki
- Kwansei Gakuin University - Kobe Sanda Campus: Kansei Gakuin Daigaku - Kobe Sanda Campus Department of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Frank Rominger
- Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg Fakultat fur Chemie und Geowissenschaften Organisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Department Chemie und Pharmazie GERMANY
| | - Kenji Kamada
- Kwansei Gakuin University - Kobe Sanda Campus: Kansei Gakuin Daigaku - Kobe Sanda Campus Department of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultat Department Chemie und Pharmazie GERMANY
| | - Andreas Görling
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultat Department Chemie und Pharmazie GERMANY
| | - Milan Kivala
- Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg Fakultat fur Chemie und Geowissenschaften Organisch-Chemisches Institute Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg GERMANY
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13
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Kumar R, Chmielewski P, Lis T, Volkmer D, Stępień M. Tridecacyclene Tetraimide: An Easily Reduced Cyclooctatetraene Derivative. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- University of Wroclaw: Uniwersytet Wroclawski Faculty of Chemistry POLAND
| | - Piotr Chmielewski
- University of Wroclaw: Uniwersytet Wroclawski Faculty of Chemistry POLAND
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- University of Wroclaw: Uniwersytet Wroclawski Faculty of Chemistry POLAND
| | - Dirk Volkmer
- Augsburg University Institute of Physics, Chair of Solid State and Materials Science GERMANY
| | - Marcin Stępień
- University of Wroclaw Department of Chemistry ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wroclaw POLAND
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14
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Ji CY, Li X, Chen S, Liu X, Han Y, Hong X, Liang Q, Liu J, Li J. Recent progress on artificial propeller chirality and related circular dichroism engineering. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Maurya YK, Chmielewski PJ, Cybińska J, Prajapati B, Lis T, Kang S, Lee S, Kim D, Stępień M. Naphthalimide-Fused Dipyrrins: Tunable Halochromic Switches and Photothermal NIR-II Dyes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105886. [PMID: 35174648 PMCID: PMC9259717 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A family of tunable halochromic switches is developed using a naphthalimide-fused dipyrrin as the core π-conjugated motif. Electronic properties of these dipyrrins are tuned by substitution of their alpha and meso positions with aryl groups of variable donor-acceptor strength. The first protonation results in a conformational change that enhances electronic coupling between the dipyrrin chromophore and the meso substituent, leading to halochromic effects that occasionally exceed 200 nm and switch the absorption between the near-infrared (NIR)-I and NIR-II ranges. A NIR-II photothermal effect, switchable by acid-base chemistry is demonstrated for selected dipyrrins. Further protonation is possible for derivatives bearing additional amino groups, leading to up to four halochromic switching step. The most electron-rich dipyrrins are also susceptible to chemical oxidation, yielding NIR-absorbing radical cations and closed-shell dications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar Maurya
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławskiul. F. Joliot‐Curie 14Wrocław50‐383Poland
| | | | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławskiul. F. Joliot‐Curie 14Wrocław50‐383Poland
- PORT – Polski Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologiiul. Stabłowicka 147Wrocław54‐066Poland
| | - Bibek Prajapati
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławskiul. F. Joliot‐Curie 14Wrocław50‐383Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławskiul. F. Joliot‐Curie 14Wrocław50‐383Poland
| | - Seongsoo Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π‐Electronic SystemsYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Korea
| | - Seokwon Lee
- PORT – Polski Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologiiul. Stabłowicka 147Wrocław54‐066Poland
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π‐Electronic SystemsYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Korea
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławskiul. F. Joliot‐Curie 14Wrocław50‐383Poland
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16
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Mahlmeister B, Mahl M, Reichelt H, Shoyama K, Stolte M, Würthner F. Helically Twisted Nanoribbons Based on Emissive Near-Infrared Responsive Quaterrylene Bisimides. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10507-10514. [PMID: 35649272 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have the potential for next-generation functional devices. So far, GNRs with defined stereochemistry are rarely reported in literature and their optical response is usually bound to the ultraviolet or visible spectral region, while covering the near-infrared (NIR) regime is still challenging. Herein, we report two novel quaterrylene bisimides with either one- or twofold-twisted π-backbones enabled by the steric congestion of a fourfold bay arylation leading to an end-to-end twist of up to 76°. The strong interlocking effect of the π-stacked aryl substituents introduces a rigidification of the chromophore unambiguously proven by single-crystal X-ray analysis. This leads to unexpectedly strong NIR emissions at 862 and 903 nm with quantum yields of 1.5 and 0.9%, respectively, further ensuring high solubility as well as resolvable and highly stable atropo-enantiomers. Circular dichroism spectroscopy of these enantiopure chiral compounds reveals a strong Cotton effect Δε of up to 67 M-1 cm-1 centered far in the NIR region at 849 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Mahlmeister
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Magnus Mahl
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | | | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany.,Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany.,Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
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17
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Balahoju SA, Maurya YK, Chmielewski PJ, Lis T, Kondratowicz M, Cybińska J, Stępień M. Helicity Modulation in NIR-Absorbing Porphyrin-Ryleneimides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200781. [PMID: 35130373 PMCID: PMC9303407 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral substitution of a π‐extended porphyrin with bulky groups produces a curved chromophore with four helical stereogenic units. The curvature and stereochemistry of such porphyrins can be controlled by varying the substituents, coordinated metal ions, and apical ligands. In particular, when the achiral saddle‐shaped free bases are treated with large metal ions, i.e., CdII or HgII, the resulting complexes convert to chiral propeller‐like configurations. X‐ray diffraction analyses show that apical coordination of a water molecule is sufficient to induce a notable bowl‐like distortion of the cadmium complex, which however retains its chiral structure. For phenyl‐ and tolyl‐substituted derivatives, the conversion is thermodynamically controlled, whereas complexes bearing bulky 4‐(tert‐butyl)phenyl groups transform into their chiral forms upon heating. In the latter case, the chiral Hg porphyrin was converted into the corresponding free base and other metal complexes without any loss of configurational purity, ultimately providing access to stable, enantiopure porphyrin propellers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yogesh Kumar Maurya
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kondratowicz
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.,(PORT) Polski Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologii, ul. Stabłowicka 147, 54-066, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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18
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Balahoju SA, Maurya YK, Chmielewski PJ, Lis T, Kondratowicz M, Cybińska J, Stępień M. Helicity Modulation in NIR‐Absorbing Porphyrin‐Ryleneimides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yogesh Kumar Maurya
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Piotr J. Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Mateusz Kondratowicz
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
- (PORT) Polski Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologii ul. Stabłowicka 147 54-066 Wrocław Poland
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
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19
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Borissov A, Maurya YK, Moshniaha L, Wong WS, Żyła-Karwowska M, Stępień M. Recent Advances in Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 122:565-788. [PMID: 34850633 PMCID: PMC8759089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent progress in the chemistry of polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules with a focus on structural diversity and synthetic methodology. The article covers literature published during the period of 2016-2020, providing an update to our first review of this topic (Chem. Rev. 2017, 117 (4), 3479-3716).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet
Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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20
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Hager J, Kang S, Chmielewski PJ, Lis T, Kim D, Stępień M. Acenaphthylene-Fused Ullazines: Fluorescent π-Extended Monopyrroles with Tunable Electronic Gaps. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00421f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
π-Extended dibenzoullazines containing an acenaphthylene subunit were designed and synthesized. Two different synthetic strategies were employed: route A, based on Pd-catalyzed cyclodehydrohalogenation of α,α-disubstituted N-arylpyrroles, and route B, using a...
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21
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Wu F, Oki K, Xue J, Mori S, Takase M, Shen Z, Uno H. Synthesis, Properties, and Packing Structures of Wing-Shaped N-Doped Nanographene in Various Oxidation States. Org Lett 2021; 24:80-84. [PMID: 34898222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A rigid wing-shaped bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene-fused bis-hexapyrrolohexaazacoronene (HPHAC) is synthesized, and subsequent chemical oxidation affords a stable biradical dication and an aromatic tetracation. The physicochemical properties and single-crystal structures in various oxidation states are characterized. The face-to-face π-stacked dimeric structures are observed in the neutral and dicationic states. The HPHAC flakes can act as aromatic walls in a tetracation state, producing enlarged induced magnetic shielding space through the superimposition effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kosuke Oki
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Jiaying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Takase
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hidemitsu Uno
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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22
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Tsurusaki A, Kamikawa K. Multiple Helicenes Featuring Synthetic Approaches and Molecular Structures. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tsurusaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ken Kamikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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23
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Knippen K, Matuszczyk D, Kraft M, Bredenkötter B, Eickerling G, Lis T, Volkmer D, Stępień M. Acenaphtho[1,2-d][1,2,3]triazole and Its Kuratowski Complex: A π-Extended Tecton for Supramolecular and Coordinative Self-Assembly. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103480. [PMID: 34713520 PMCID: PMC9299806 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
π‐Extended acenaphtho[1,2‐d][1,2,3]triazoles, the unsubstituted Anta‐H and its di‐tert‐butyl derivative Dibanta‐H, as well as 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐1H‐naphtho[2,3‐d][1,2,3]triazole Cybta‐H were obtained in concise syntheses. In the solid state, Dibanta‐H forms an unprecedented hydrogen‐bonded cyclic tetrad, stabilized by dispersion interactions of the bulky tBu substituents, whereas a cyclic triad was found in the crystal structure of Anta‐H. These cyclic assemblies form infinite slipped stacks in the crystals. Evidence for analogous hydrogen‐bonded self‐assembly in solution was provided by low‐temperature NMR spectroscopy and computational analyses. Kuratowski‐type pentanuclear complexes [Zn5Cl4(Dibanta)6] and [Zn5Cl4(Cybta)6] were prepared from the respective triazoles. In the Dibanta complexes, the π‐aromatic surfaces of the ligands extend from the edges of the tetrahedral Zn5 core, yielding an enlarged structure with significant internal molecular free volume and red‐shifted fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Knippen
- Institute of Physics, Chair of Solid State and Materials Science, Augsburg University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Matuszczyk
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maryana Kraft
- Institute of Physics, Chair of Solid State and Materials Science, Augsburg University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Björn Bredenkötter
- Institute of Physics, Chair of Solid State and Materials Science, Augsburg University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Georg Eickerling
- Institute of Physics, Chair of Chemical Physics and Materials Science, Augsburg University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dirk Volkmer
- Institute of Physics, Chair of Solid State and Materials Science, Augsburg University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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24
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Zhang F, Radacki K, Braunschweig H, Lambert C, Ravat P. Zinc‐[7]helicenocyanin und sein diskretes π‐gestapeltes homochirales Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zhang
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Prince Ravat
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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25
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Ravat P, Zhang F, Radacki K, Braunschweig H, Lambert C. Zinc-[7]helicenocyanine and Its Discrete π-Stacked Homochiral Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23656-23660. [PMID: 34403564 PMCID: PMC8597050 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, we demonstrate a novel approach to prepare a discrete dimer of chiral phthalocyanine (Pc) by exploiting the flexible molecular geometry of helicenes, which enables structural interlocking and strong aggregation tendency of Pcs. Synthesized [7]helicene‐Pc hybrid molecular structure, zinc‐[7]helicenocyanine (Zn‐7HPc), exclusively forms a stable dimeric pair consisting of two homochiral molecules. The dimerization constants were estimated to be as high as 8.96×106 M−1 and 3.42×107 M−1 in THF and DMSO, respectively, indicating remarkable stability of dimer. In addition, Zn‐7HPc exhibited chiral self‐sorting behavior, which resulted in preferential formation of a homochiral dimer also in the racemic sample. Two phthalocyanine subunits in the dimeric form strongly communicate with each other as revealed by a large comproportionation constant and observation of an IV‐CT band for the thermodynamically stable mixed‐valence state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Ravat
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, GERMANY
| | - Fangyuan Zhang
- Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, GERMANY
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26
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Reger D, Haines P, Amsharov KY, Schmidt JA, Ullrich T, Bönisch S, Hampel F, Görling A, Nelson J, Jelfs KE, Guldi DM, Jux N. A Family of Superhelicenes: Easily Tunable, Chiral Nanographenes by Merging Helicity with Planar π Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Konstantin Y. Amsharov
- Institute for Organic Chemistry Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Julia A. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London White City Campus, Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Tobias Ullrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Simon Bönisch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Physics Imperial College London South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London White City Campus, Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
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27
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Reger D, Haines P, Amsharov KY, Schmidt JA, Ullrich T, Bönisch S, Hampel F, Görling A, Nelson J, Jelfs KE, Guldi DM, Jux N. A Family of Superhelicenes: Easily Tunable, Chiral Nanographenes by Merging Helicity with Planar π Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18073-18081. [PMID: 34014601 PMCID: PMC8456895 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We designed a straightforward synthetic route towards a full-fledged family of π-extended helicenes: superhelicenes. They have two hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) in common that are connected via a central five-membered ring. By means of structurally altering this 5-membered ring, we realized a versatile library of molecular building blocks. Not only the superhelicene structure, but also their features are tuned with ease. In-depth physico-chemical characterizations served as a proof of concept thereof. The superhelicene enantiomers were separated, their circular dichroism was measured in preliminary studies and concluded with an enantiomeric assignment. Our work was rounded-off by crystal structure analyses. Mixed stacks of M- and P-isomers led to twisted molecular wires. Using such stacks, charge-carrier mobilities were calculated, giving reason to expect outstanding hole transporting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Konstantin Y. Amsharov
- Institute for Organic ChemistryMartin Luther University Halle-WittenbergKurt-Mothes-Straße 206120HalleGermany
| | - Julia A. Schmidt
- Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College LondonWhite City Campus, Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Tobias Ullrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Simon Bönisch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of PhysicsImperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College LondonWhite City Campus, Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
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28
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Ye N, Pei YR, Han Q, Lee M, Jin LY. Self-assembly of propeller-shaped amphiphilic molecules: control over the supramolecular morphology and photoproperties of their aggregates. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:6661-6668. [PMID: 34160543 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00661d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect is an important feature for luminescence studies, which can offer a broader range of applications for fluorescent materials. Herein, we report the morphological control and photoproperties of amphipathic propeller-shaped rod-coil molecules based on a benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) unit, which restricts the intramolecular rotation and leads to the AIE effect during the self-assembly process. Investigations on the assembly of these molecules have revealed that tetragonal perforated lamella, hexagonal columnar, body-centered tetragonal micellar, and hexagonal close-packed nanostructures were spontaneously formed in the solid-state. In the solution-state, these molecules assemble into nanosheet-like aggregates, bowl-like objects, and spherical nanoparticles, respectively. The morphology of the molecular aggregates can be controlled by modifying the molecular chain length or introducing lateral methyl groups in the coil chain. Notably, these molecular assemblies exhibit strong AIE phenomena in a mixed THF/H2O solution and can be used as smart soft materials due to the restriction of their intramolecular motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.
| | - Yi-Rong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.
| | - Qingqing Han
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.
| | - Myongsoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Long Yi Jin
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.
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29
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Chen Y, Lin C, Luo Z, Yin Z, Shi H, Zhu Y, Wang J. Double π-Extended Undecabenzo[7]helicene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7796-7801. [PMID: 33410247 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the first double π-extended undecabenzo[7]helicene 1, which is a large chiral nanographene, composed of 65 fused rings and 186 conjugated carbon atoms. The molecular identity of 1 has been confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. A wine coloured solution of 1 in dichloromethane absorbs light from ultraviolet to the near infrared, featuring an extremely large molar absorption coefficient of 844 000 M-1 cm-1 at 573 nm. Optically pure 1 shows a record high electronic circular dichroism intensity in the visible spectral range (|Δϵ|=1375 M-1 cm-1 at 430 nm) known for any discrete polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. These unusual photophysical properties of 1 contrast sharply with those of a mono-undecabenzo[7]helicene derivative 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chaojun Lin
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhixing Luo
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhibo Yin
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Haonan Shi
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jiaobing Wang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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30
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Chen Y, Lin C, Luo Z, Yin Z, Shi H, Zhu Y, Wang J. Double π‐Extended Undecabenzo[7]helicene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Chaojun Lin
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zhixing Luo
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zhibo Yin
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Haonan Shi
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yanpeng Zhu
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jiaobing Wang
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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31
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Full J, Panchal SP, Götz J, Krause A, Nowak‐Król A. Modular Synthesis of Organoboron Helically Chiral Compounds: Cutouts from Extended Helices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4350-4357. [PMID: 33244880 PMCID: PMC7898935 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Two types of helically chiral compounds bearing one and two boron atoms were synthesized by a modular approach. Formation of the helical scaffolds was executed by the introduction of boron to flexible biaryl and triaryl derived from small achiral building blocks. All-ortho-fused azabora[7]helicenes feature exceptional configurational stability, blue or green fluorescence with quantum yields (Φfl ) of 18-24 % in solution, green or yellow solid-state emission (Φfl up to 23 %), and strong chiroptical response with large dissymmetry factors of up to 1.12×10-2 . Azabora[9]helicenes consisting of angularly and linearly fused rings are blue emitters exhibiting Φfl of up to 47 % in CH2 Cl2 and 25 % in the solid state. As revealed by the DFT calculations, their P-M interconversion pathway is more complex than that of H1. Single-crystal X-ray analysis shows clear differences in the packing arrangement of methyl and phenyl derivatives. These molecules are proposed as primary structures of extended helices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Full
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Santosh P. Panchal
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Julian Götz
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ana‐Maria Krause
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Agnieszka Nowak‐Król
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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32
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Sasaki Y, Takase M, Kobayashi N, Mori S, Ohara K, Okujima T, Uno H. Radially π-Extended Pyrrole-Fused Azacoronene: A Series of Crystal Structures of HPHAC with Various Oxidation States. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4290-4295. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Takase
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Keishi Ohara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Okujima
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Uno
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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33
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Full J, Panchal SP, Götz J, Krause A, Nowak‐Król A. Modulare Synthese helikal‐chiraler Organobor‐Verbindungen: Ausschnitte verlängerter Helices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Full
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Santosh P. Panchal
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Julian Götz
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Ana‐Maria Krause
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Agnieszka Nowak‐Król
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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34
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Ascherl JDR, Neiß C, Vogel A, Graf J, Rominger F, Oeser T, Hampel F, Görling A, Kivala M. Phosphorus-Containing Dibenzonaphthanthrenes: Electronic Fine Tuning of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons through Organophosphorus Chemistry. Chemistry 2020; 26:13157-13162. [PMID: 32558004 PMCID: PMC7693108 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A concise synthetic route towards a new family of phosphorus-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons starting from the versatile acridophosphine has been established. The structural and optoelectronic properties of these compounds were efficiently modulated through derivatization of the phosphorus center. X-ray crystallographic analysis, UV/Vis spectroscopic, and electrochemical studies supported by DFT calculations identified the considerable potential of these scaffolds for the development of organophosphorus functional materials with tailored properties upon further functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes D. R. Ascherl
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Christian Neiß
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of Theoretical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Alexander Vogel
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jürgen Graf
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Thomas Oeser
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of Theoretical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
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35
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Kumar S, Maurya YK, Kang S, Chmielewski P, Lis T, Cybińska J, Kim D, Stępień M. Porphyrin-Ryleneimide Hybrids: Tuning of Visible and Near-Infrared Absorption by Chromophore Desymmetrization. Org Lett 2020; 22:7202-7207. [PMID: 32857521 PMCID: PMC7506948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Unsymmetrically fused
porphyrins containing one or two naphthalimide
subunits were prepared in modular syntheses relying on electron-rich
and electron-poor pyrrole building blocks. These new chromophores
show progressive changes in their electron-deficient character, while
retaining comparably small optical and electrochemical band gaps.
The intrinsic curvature and extended optical absorption of these systems
make them of interest as mono- and difunctional components of multichromophoric
assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunit Kumar
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Yogesh Kumar Maurya
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Seongsoo Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Piotr Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.,PORT - Polski Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologii, ul. Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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36
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Janiga E, Kim G, Chmielewski PJ, Lis T, Kim D, Stępień M. Porphyrin-Ryleneimide Hybrids: Low-Bandgap Acceptors in Energy-Transfer Cassettes. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2854-2858. [PMID: 32667127 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Energy-transfer cassettes consisting of naphthaleneimide-fused metalloporphyrin acceptors (M=Zn and Pd) and BODIPY donors have been designed and synthesized. These systems have rigid pseudo-tetrahedral structures with a donor-acceptor separation of ca. 17.5 Å. Spectroscopic investigations, including femtosecond transient absorption measurements, showed efficient excitation energy transfer (EET) occurring according to the Förster mechanism. Strong fluorescence of the donor units and significant spectral overlap of the donor and acceptor subunits are prerequisites for the efficient EET in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Janiga
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Gakhyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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37
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Li QQ, Ochiai K, Lee CA, Ito S. Synthesis of π-Extended Imidazoles by 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Polycyclic Aromatic Azomethine Ylides with Nitriles. Org Lett 2020; 22:6132-6137. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Qiang Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Kotaro Ochiai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Cherie-Anne Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Shingo Ito
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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38
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Skonieczny K, Papadopoulos I, Thiel D, Gutkowski K, Haines P, McCosker PM, Laurent AD, Keller PA, Clark T, Jacquemin D, Guldi DM, Gryko DT. How To Make Nitroaromatic Compounds Glow: Next-Generation Large X-Shaped, Centrosymmetric Diketopyrrolopyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16104-16113. [PMID: 32492240 PMCID: PMC7689858 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Red‐emissive π‐expanded diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) with fluorescence reaching λ=750 nm can be easily synthesized by a three‐step strategy involving the preparation of diketopyrrolopyrrole followed by N‐arylation and subsequent intramolecular palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation. Comprehensive spectroscopic assays combined with first‐principles calculations corroborated that both N‐arylated and fused DPPs reach a locally excited (S1) state after excitation, followed by internal conversion to states with solvent and structural relaxation, before eventually undergoing intersystem crossing. Only the structurally relaxed state is fluorescent, with lifetimes in the range of several nanoseconds and tens of picoseconds in nonpolar and polar solvents, respectively. The lifetimes correlate with the fluorescence quantum yields, which range from 6 % to 88 % in nonpolar solvents and from 0.4 % and 3.2 % in polar solvents. A very inefficient (T1) population is responsible for fluorescence quantum yields as high as 88 % for the fully fused DPP in polar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skonieczny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Thiel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Gutkowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick M McCosker
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.,School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Adèle D Laurent
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR, 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Paul A Keller
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR, 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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39
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Skonieczny K, Papadopoulos I, Thiel D, Gutkowski K, Haines P, McCosker PM, Laurent AD, Keller PA, Clark T, Jacquemin D, Guldi DM, Gryko DT. How To Make Nitroaromatic Compounds Glow: Next‐Generation Large X‐Shaped, Centrosymmetric Diketopyrrolopyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skonieczny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dominik Thiel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | | | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Patrick M. McCosker
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nägelsbachstrasse 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | | | - Paul A. Keller
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nägelsbachstrasse 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | | | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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40
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Galstyan A, Maurya YK, Zhylitskaya H, Bae YJ, Wu YL, Wasielewski MR, Lis T, Dobrindt U, Stępień M. π-Extended Donor-Acceptor Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation. Chemistry 2020; 26:8262-8266. [PMID: 31968144 PMCID: PMC7384002 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Free base, zinc and palladium π‐extended porphyrins containing fused naphthalenediamide units were employed as photosensitizers in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Their efficacy, assessed by photophysical and in vitro photobiological studies on Gram‐positive bacteria, was found to depend on metal coordination, showing a dramatic enhancement of photosensitizing activity for the palladium complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzhela Galstyan
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Yogesh Kumar Maurya
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Halina Zhylitskaya
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Youn Jue Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208-3113, USA
| | - Yi-Lin Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208-3113, USA.,Current address: School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208-3113, USA
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ulrich Dobrindt
- Institute of Hygiene, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Mendelstraße 7, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50383, Wrocław, Poland
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41
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Moshniaha L, Żyła-Karwowska M, Cybińska J, Chmielewski PJ, Favereau L, Stępień M. Bipyrrole boomerangs via Pd-mediated tandem cyclization-oxygenation. Controlling reaction selectivity and electronic properties. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:895-903. [PMID: 32461771 PMCID: PMC7214875 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Boomerang-shaped bipyrroles containing donor-acceptor units were obtained through a tandem palladium-mediated reaction consisting of a cyclization step, involving double C-H bond activation, and a double α-oxygenation. The latter reaction can be partly suppressed for the least reactive systems, providing access to α-unsubstituted boomerangs for the first time. These "α-free" systems are highly efficient fluorophores, with emission quantum yields exceeding 80% in toluene. Preliminary measurements show that helicene-like boomerangs may be usable as circularly polarized luminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliia Moshniaha
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marika Żyła-Karwowska
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.,PORT - Polski Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologii, ul. Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ludovic Favereau
- Université Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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42
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Sasaki Y, Takase M, Mori S, Uno H. Synthesis and Properties of NitroHPHAC: The First Example of Substitution Reaction on HPHAC. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112486. [PMID: 32471200 PMCID: PMC7321187 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexapyrrolohexaazacoronene (HPHAC) is one of the N-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in which six pyrroles are fused circularly around a benzene. Despite the recent development of HPHAC analogues, there is no report on direct introduction of functional groups into the HPHAC skeleton. This work reports the first example of nitration reaction of decaethylHPHAC. The structures of nitrodecaethylHPHAC including neutral and two oxidized species (radical cation and dication), intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) character, and global aromaticity of the dication are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masayoshi Takase
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (H.U.); Tel.: +81-89-927-9612 (M.T.); +81-89-927-9610 (H.U.)
| | | | - Hidemitsu Uno
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (H.U.); Tel.: +81-89-927-9612 (M.T.); +81-89-927-9610 (H.U.)
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43
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Kinoshita S, Yamano R, Shibata Y, Tanaka Y, Hanada K, Matsumoto T, Miyamoto K, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Tanaka K. Rhodium‐Catalyzed Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of a Configurationally Stable S‐Shaped Double Helicene‐Like Molecule. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzuka Kinoshita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Ryota Yamano
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yu Shibata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kyoichi Hanada
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Rigaku Corporation 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho Akishima Tokyo 196-8666 Japan
| | - Kazunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR) RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR) RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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44
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Kinoshita S, Yamano R, Shibata Y, Tanaka Y, Hanada K, Matsumoto T, Miyamoto K, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Tanaka K. Rhodium-Catalyzed Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of a Configurationally Stable S-Shaped Double Helicene-Like Molecule. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11020-11027. [PMID: 32237104 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An S-shaped double helicene-like molecule (>99 % ee), possessing stable helical chirality, has been synthesized by the rhodium(I)/difluorphos complex-catalyzed highly diastereo- and enantioselective intramolecular double [2+2+2] cycloaddition of a 2-naphthol- and benzene-linked hexayne. The collision between two terminal naphthalene rings destabilizes the helical chirality of the S-shaped double helicene-like molecule, but the introduction of two additional fused benzene rings significantly increases the configurational stability. Thus, no epimerization and racemization were observed even at 100 °C. The enantiopure S-shaped double helicene-like molecule forms a trimer through the multiple C-H⋅⋅⋅π and C-H⋅⋅⋅O interactions in the solid-state. The trimers stack to form columnar packing structures, in which neighboring stacks have opposite dipole directions. The accumulation of helical structures in the same direction in the S-shaped double helicene-like molecule enhanced the chiroptical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzuka Kinoshita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Ryota Yamano
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yu Shibata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Hanada
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima, Tokyo, 196-8666, Japan
| | - Kazunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
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45
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Castro-Fernández S, Cruz CM, Mariz IFA, Márquez IR, Jiménez VG, Palomino-Ruiz L, Cuerva JM, Maçôas E, Campaña AG. Two-Photon Absorption Enhancement by the Inclusion of a Tropone Ring in Distorted Nanographene Ribbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7139-7145. [PMID: 32159924 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A new family of distorted ribbon-shaped nanographenes was designed, synthesized, and their optical and electrochemical properties were evaluated, pointing out an unprecedented correlation between their structural characteristics and the two-photon absorption (TPA) responses and electrochemical band gaps. Three nanographene ribbons have been prepared: a seven-membered-ring-containing nanographene presenting a tropone moiety at the edge, its full-carbon analogue, and a purely hexagonal one. We have found that the TPA cross-sections and the electrochemical band gaps of the seven-membered-ring-containing compounds are higher and lower, respectively, than those of the fully hexagonal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). Interestingly, the inclusion of additional curvature has a positive effect in terms of non-linear optical properties of those ribbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Castro-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos M Cruz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Inês F A Mariz
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Irene R Márquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Vicente G Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucía Palomino-Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan M Cuerva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Ermelinda Maçôas
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Araceli G Campaña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
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46
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Castro‐Fernández S, Cruz CM, Mariz IFA, Márquez IR, Jiménez VG, Palomino‐Ruiz L, Cuerva JM, Maçôas E, Campaña AG. Two‐Photon Absorption Enhancement by the Inclusion of a Tropone Ring in Distorted Nanographene Ribbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Castro‐Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Carlos M. Cruz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Inês F. A. Mariz
- Centro de Química Estrutural Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais, 1 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Irene R. Márquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Vicente G. Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Lucía Palomino‐Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Juan M. Cuerva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Ermelinda Maçôas
- Centro de Química Estrutural Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais, 1 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
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47
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Kawahara KP, Matsuoka W, Ito H, Itami K. Synthesis of Nitrogen-Containing Polyaromatics by Aza-Annulative π-Extension of Unfunctionalized Aromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6383-6388. [PMID: 32011794 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds (N-PACs) are an important class of compounds in materials science. Reported here is a new aza-annulative π-extension (aza-APEX) reaction that allows rapid access to a range of N-PACs in 11-84 % yields from readily available unfunctionalized aromatics and imidoyl chlorides. In the presence of silver hexafluorophosphate, arenes and imidoyl chlorides couple in a regioselective fashion. The follow-up oxidative treatment with p-chloranil affords structurally diverse N-PACs, which are very difficult to synthesize. DFT calculations reveal that the aza-APEX reaction proceeds through the formal [4+2] cycloaddition of an arene and an in situ generated diarylnitrilium salt, with sequential aromatizations having relatively low activation energies. Transformation of N-PACs into nitrogen-doped nanographenes and their photophysical properties are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kou P Kawahara
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Wataru Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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48
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Kawahara KP, Matsuoka W, Ito H, Itami K. Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Containing Polyaromatics by Aza‐Annulative π‐Extension of Unfunctionalized Aromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kou P. Kawahara
- Graduate School of ScienceNagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Wataru Matsuoka
- Graduate School of ScienceNagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of ScienceNagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- JST-ERATOItami Molecular Nanocarbon ProjectNagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of ScienceNagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- JST-ERATOItami Molecular Nanocarbon ProjectNagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM)Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
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49
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Grzybowski M, Sadowski B, Butenschön H, Gryko DT. Synthetic Applications of Oxidative Aromatic Coupling-From Biphenols to Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2998-3027. [PMID: 31342599 PMCID: PMC7027897 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative aromatic coupling occupies a fundamental place in the modern chemistry of aromatic compounds. It is a method of choice for the assembly of large and bewildering architectures. Considerable effort was also devoted to applications of the Scholl reaction for the synthesis of chiral biphenols and natural products. The ability to form biaryl linkages without any prefunctionalization provides an efficient pathway to many complex structures. Although the chemistry of this process is only now becoming fully understood, this reaction continues to both fascinate and challenge researchers. This is especially true for heterocoupling, that is, oxidative aromatic coupling with the chemoselective formation of a C-C bond between two different arenes. Analysis of the progress achieved in this field since 2013 reveals that many groups have contributed by pushing the boundary of structural possibilities, expanding into surface-assisted (cyclo)dehydrogenation, and developing new reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
| | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische ChemieLeibniz Universität HannoverSchneiderberg 1B30167HannoverGermany
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
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50
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Moshniaha L, Żyła-Karwowska M, Chmielewski PJ, Lis T, Cybińska J, Gońka E, Oschwald J, Drewello T, Rivero SM, Casado J, Stępień M. Aromatic Nanosandwich Obtained by σ-Dimerization of a Nanographenoid π-Radical. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3626-3635. [PMID: 31997634 PMCID: PMC7467677 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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A 139-π-electron
nanographenoid radical was obtained by expanding
the periphery of a naphthalimide–azacoronene hybrid with a
methine bridge. The radical was isolated in the form of its σ-dimer,
which was shown to possess a conformationally restricted two-layer
structure both in the solid state and in solution. The dimer is cleaved
into its parent radicals when exposed to ultraviolet or visible radiation
in toluene solutions but is resistant to thermally induced dissociation.
Under inert conditions, the radicals recombine quantitatively into
the σ-dimer with observable kinetics, but they are oxidized
into a ketone derivative in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. Combined
structural, spectroscopic, and theoretical evidence shows that the
σ-dimer contains a weak C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond, but is stabilized against thermal dissociation by a very
strong dispersive interaction between the overlapping π surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliia Moshniaha
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Marika Żyła-Karwowska
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland.,PORT-Polski Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologii , ul. Stabłowicka 147 , 54-066 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Elżbieta Gońka
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Johannes Oschwald
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , Egerlandstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , Egerlandstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Samara Medina Rivero
- Departamento Quı́mica Fı́sica , Universidad de Málaga , Andalucia-Tech Campus de Teatinos s/n , 29071 Málaga , Spain
| | - Juan Casado
- Departamento Quı́mica Fı́sica , Universidad de Málaga , Andalucia-Tech Campus de Teatinos s/n , 29071 Málaga , Spain
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
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