1
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Empel C, Fetzer MNA, Sasmal S, Strothmann T, Janiak C, Koenigs RM. Unlocking catalytic potential: a rhodium(II)-based coordination polymer for efficient carbene transfer reactions with donor/acceptor diazoalkanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7327-7330. [PMID: 38913109 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01386g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the use of a molecular-defined rhodium(II) coordination polymer (Rh-CP) as a heterogeneous, recyclable catalyst in carbene transfer reactions. We showcase the application of this heterogeneous catalyst in a range of carbene transfer reactions and conclude with the functionalization of natural products and drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Empel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Marcus N A Fetzer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Suman Sasmal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Till Strothmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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2
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Li S, Ling J, Zhou L. Visible-Light-Promoted Radical gem-Selenosulfonylation or -Iodosulfonylation of 2,2,2-Trifluorodiazoethane under Photosensitizer-Free Conditions. Org Lett 2024; 26:5220-5225. [PMID: 38856637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
A visible-light-promoted radical gem-difunctionalization of trifluorodiazoethane with RSO2X (X = SeR', I) for the synthesis of α-seleno or α-iodo trifluoroethyl sulfones is described. This atom-economical reaction is external-photocatalyst- and additive-free and uses nontoxic ethyl acetate as the solvent. The resultant products, which incorporate sulfonyl, trifluoromethyl, and iodo or selenyl functional groups onto one carbon atom, can serve as versatile building blocks. A major synthetic application was demonstrated by ATRA reactions with various terminal alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiahao Ling
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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3
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Liu S, Yang Y, Song Q, Liu Z, Lu Y, Wang Z, Sivaguru P, Bi X. Tunable molecular editing of indoles with fluoroalkyl carbenes. Nat Chem 2024; 16:988-997. [PMID: 38443494 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Building molecular complexity from simple feedstocks through precise peripheral and skeletal modifications is central to modern organic synthesis. Nevertheless, a controllable strategy through which both the core skeleton and the periphery of an aromatic heterocycle can be modified with a common substrate remains elusive, despite its potential to maximize structural diversity and applications. Here we report a carbene-initiated chemodivergent molecular editing of indoles that allows both skeletal and peripheral editing by trapping an electrophilic fluoroalkyl carbene generated in situ from fluoroalkyl N-triftosylhydrazones. A variety of fluorine-containing N-heterocyclic scaffolds have been efficiently achieved through tunable chemoselective editing reactions at the skeleton or periphery of indoles, including one-carbon insertion, C3 gem-difluoroolefination, tandem cyclopropanation and N1 gem-difluoroolefination, and cyclopropanation. The power of this chemodivergent molecular editing strategy has been highlighted through the modification of the skeleton or periphery of natural products in a controllable and chemoselective manner. The reaction mechanism and origins of the chemo- and regioselectivity have been probed by both experimental and theoretical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Qingmin Song
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhanjing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Xihe Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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4
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Huang ZM, Sun Y, Wang Y, Wang XW. Unveiling the Selectivity of Ru(II)-Catalyzed C-H Activation for Defluorinative Cyclization of 2-Arylbenzimidazole and Trifluoromethyl Diazo: A DFT Study. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38805363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of monofluorinated heterocyclic compounds by C-H activation combined with defluorination is useful. Studies on the reaction mechanism and selectivity have shown that these processes play a positive role in promoting the development of monofluorinated reactions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to investigate the mechanism and selectivity of Ru(II)-catalyzed 2-arylbenzimidazole with trifluoromethyl diazo. DFT calculations showed that C-H activation occurs through a concerted metalation/deprotonation (CMD) mechanism. After that, deprotonation and defluorinative cyclization are assisted by acetate and trifluoroethanol (TFE). Further mechanistic insights through noncovalent interaction (NCI) analysis were also obtained to elucidate the origin of the selectivity in the defluorination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ming Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yi Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xing-Wang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
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5
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Ru GX, Liu Q, Wei KF, Zhu XH, Jiang XL, Xie LX, Su H, Lv DC, Xie X, Shen WB. Copper(I)-Catalyzed Indolyl Ynamide Oxidation/Dearomatization: Divergent and Regioselective Synthesis of Valuable Indoline Scaffolds. Org Lett 2024; 26:3715-3721. [PMID: 38678545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
A highly convenient copper(I)-catalyzed oxidation-initiated cyclopropanation of indolyl ynamide for the rapid construction of indole-fused cyclopropane-lactams is described, which represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first non-noble-metal-catalyzed indolyl ynamide oxidation/dearomatization by the in situ generated α-oxo copper carbenes. Compared to hydrazone and diazo, the use of alkynes as carbene precursors allows cyclopropanation to occur under a safe and convenient pathway. Moreover, this transformation can lead to the divergent synthesis of pentacyclic spiroindolines involving the reversal of ynamide regioselectivity by engineering substrate structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xin Ru
- College of Sciences and College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michign 49931-1295, United States
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Sciences and College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michign 49931-1295, United States
| | - Kua-Fei Wei
- College of Sciences and College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michign 49931-1295, United States
| | - Xiu-Hong Zhu
- College of Sciences and College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michign 49931-1295, United States
| | - Xiao-Lei Jiang
- College of Sciences and College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michign 49931-1295, United States
| | - Li-Xia Xie
- College of Sciences and College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michign 49931-1295, United States
| | - Hui Su
- College of Sciences and College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michign 49931-1295, United States
| | - Dong-Can Lv
- College of Sciences and College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michign 49931-1295, United States
| | - Xinfeng Xie
- College of Sciences and College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michign 49931-1295, United States
| | - Wen-Bo Shen
- College of Sciences and College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michign 49931-1295, United States
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6
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Yan M, Xiao L, Xiong J, Jin L, Stephan DW, Guo J. Borane catalyzed transesterification of tert-butyl esters using α-aryl α-diazoesters. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8279-8283. [PMID: 37812087 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01548c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The B(C6F5)3-catalyzed transesterification of a series of 3-alkenyl-oxindoles and other unsaturated tert-butyl esters with aryl-diazo esters is reported. This protocol is facile and generally high yielding proceeding under mild conditions and is remarkably chemoselective leaving the CC bonds intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maying Yan
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lei Xiao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiangkun Xiong
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lvnan Jin
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
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7
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Jamali MF, Ahmad M, Chandrasekharan SP, Mohanan K. Trapping of Arynes with In Situ Generated Aryltrifluoromethylnitrones Enables Access to Trifluoromethylated Benzoxazolines. Org Lett 2023; 25:7551-7556. [PMID: 37815503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a rare example of trapping arynes using in situ generated aryltrifluoromethylnitrone to access an important class of trifluoromethylated benzoxazolines. This three-component strategy involves a nitrone formation/[3 + 2] cycloaddition/thermal rearrangement cascade and furnishes trifluoromethylated benzoxazolines in high yields. The scope of the reaction is quite broad with respect to aryltrifluorodiazoethanes, nitrosoarenes, and arynes. The proposed reaction pathway is supported through the isolation and characterization of the key reaction intermediates phenyltrifluoromethylnitrone and benzisoxazoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fahad Jamali
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mumtaz Ahmad
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sanoop P Chandrasekharan
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kishor Mohanan
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
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8
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Xu WY, Xu ZY, Zhang ZK, Gong TJ, Fu Y. Tunable Synthesis of Monofluoroalkenes and Gem-Difluoroalkenes via Solvent-Controlled Rhodium-Catalyzed Arylation of 1-Bromo-2,2-difluoroethylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310125. [PMID: 37589202 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Divergent synthesis of fluorine-containing scaffolds starting from a suite of raw materials is an intriguing topic. Herein, we report the solvent-controlled rhodium-catalyzed tunable arylation of 1-bromo-2,2-difluoroethylene. The selection of the reaction solvents provides switchable defluorinated or debrominated arylation from readily available feedstock resources (both arylboronic acids/esters and 1-bromo-2,2-difluoroethylene are commercially available). This switch is feasible because of the difference in coordination ability between the solvent (CH2 Cl2 or CH3 CN) and the rhodium center, resulting in different olefin insertion. This protocol allows the convenient synthesis of monofluoroalkenes and gem-difluoroalkenes, both of which are important scaffolds in the fields of medicine and materials. Moreover, this newly developed solvent-regulated reaction system can be applied to the site-selective dechlorinated arylation of trichloroethylene. Overall, this study provides a useful strategy for the divergent synthesis of fluorine-containing scaffolds and provides insight into the importance of solvent selection in catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Zhe-Yuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Ze-Kuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Tian-Jun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
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9
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Sun LW, Hu YF, Ji WJ, Zhang PY, Ma M, Shen ZL, Chu XQ. Selective and Controllable Defluorophosphination and Defluorophosphorylation of Trifluoromethylated Enones: An Auxiliary Function of the Carbonyl Group. Org Lett 2023; 25:3745-3749. [PMID: 37167193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The auxiliary function of a carbonyl group in the tunable defluorophosphination and defluorophosphorylation of trifluoromethylated enones with P(O)-containing compounds was demonstrated. Controlled replacement of one or two fluorine atoms in trifluoromethylated enones while maintaining high chemo- and stereoselectivity was achieved under mild conditions, thus enabling diversity-oriented synthesis of skeletally diverse organophosphorus libraries─(Z)-difluoro-1,3-dien-1-yl phosphinates, (1Z,3E)-4-phosphoryl-4-fluoro-buta-1,3-dien-1-yl phosphinates, and (E)-4-phosphoryl-4-fluoro-1,3-but-3-en-1-ones─in good yields with excellent functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wen Sun
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ya-Fei Hu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wen-Jun Ji
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Zhang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Mengtao Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Shen
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Chu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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10
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Wu K, Zhang X, Wu LL, Huang JS, Che CM. A Convergent, Modular Approach to Trifluoromethyl-Bearing 5-Membered Rings via Catalytic C(sp 3 )-H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215891. [PMID: 36596721 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Trifluoromethyl-bearing 5-membered rings are prevalent in bioactive molecules, but modular approaches to these compounds by functionalization of robust C(sp3 )-H bonds in a direct and selective manner are extremely challenging. Herein we report the rhodium-catalyzed α-CF3 -α-alkyl carbene insertion into C(sp3 )-H bonds of a broad range of substrates to access 7 types of CF3 -bearing saturated 5-membered carbo- and heterocycles. The reaction is particularly effective for benzylic C-H insertion exerting good site-, diastereo- and enantiocontrol, and applicable to the synthesis of chiral CF3 analogues of bioactive molecules. Ruthenium α-CF3 -α-alkyl carbene complexes underwent stoichiometric reactions to give C-H insertion products, lending evidence for the involvement of metal α-CF3 -α-alkyl carbene species in the catalytic cycle. DFT calculations revealed that the π⋅⋅⋅π attraction and intra-carbene C-H⋅⋅⋅F hydrogen bond elucidate the origin of selectivity of the benzylic C-H insertion reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.,Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Guangdong Provincial Laboratory, No. 1, College Road, Tuojiang Street, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Liang-Liang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.,Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Guangdong Provincial Laboratory, No. 1, College Road, Tuojiang Street, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China.,Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F., Building 17W, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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11
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Xiao L, Jin L, Zhao Y, Guo J, Stephan DW. B(C 6F 5) 3-catalyzed cyclopropanation of 3-alkenyl-oxindoles with diazomethanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1833-1836. [PMID: 36722917 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06744g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Spirocyclopropane-oxindoles are key motifs in biologically active compounds and are versatile synthetic intermediates. Herein, we report a metal-free, B(C6F5)3 catalyzed cyclopropanation of 3-alkenyl-oxindoles with diazomethanes. This provides 25 variants of spirocyclopropane-oxindole derivatives. These spirocyclopropane-oxindole products were obtained in good to excellent yields (up to 99%) and high diastereoselectivities (up to 20 : 1 d.r.) under mild reaction conditions and could be performed on a gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lvnan Jin
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yunbo Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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12
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Zhang F, Wei Z, Wu W, Liu N, Li X, Zou L, Wang K, Xu J, Fan B. Photocatalyst-free visible light driven synthesis of gem-dihaloenones from alkynes, tetrahalomethanes and water. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:719-723. [PMID: 36416357 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01983c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic reactions, in particular, processes without photosensitisers, have attracted increased attention due to their green aspect and high economic value and are considered valuable tools in organic synthesis. A new practical photocatalytic system was investigated in this study, and it can efficiently produce gem-dihaloenones by combining terminal alkynes with tetrahalomethanes (BrCCl3 and CBr4) and water without a photocatalyst, and the yield can reach up to 87%. The catalytic system is straightforward, the raw materials are inexpensive and easy to obtain, and the operation is simple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqing Zhang
- School of chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunmin 650504, China.
| | - Zixiang Wei
- School of chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunmin 650504, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- School of chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunmin 650504, China.
| | - Na Liu
- School of chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunmin 650504, China. .,Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650504, China
| | - Xinhan Li
- School of chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunmin 650504, China.
| | - Luqian Zou
- School of chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunmin 650504, China.
| | - Kaiming Wang
- School of chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunmin 650504, China.
| | - Jianbin Xu
- School of chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunmin 650504, China. .,Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650504, China
| | - Baomin Fan
- School of chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunmin 650504, China. .,Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650504, China
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13
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Li H, Mei M, Zhou L. Rh(III)-Catalyzed Defluorinative [4 + 2] Annulation of N-Sulfonylarylamides with Ethyl 2-Diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropanoate: Synthesis of 1,3,4-Functionalized Isoquinolines. Org Lett 2022; 24:8969-8974. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haosheng Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mingjing Mei
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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14
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Kremsmair A, Sunagatullina AS, Bole LJ, Mastropierro P, Graßl S, Wilke HR, Godineau E, Hevia E, Knochel P. Exploiting Coordination Effects for the Regioselective Zincation of Diazines Using TMPZnX⋅LiX (X=Cl, Br). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210491. [PMID: 35943036 PMCID: PMC9826189 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A new method for regioselective zincations of challenging N-heterocyclic substrates such as pyrimidines and pyridazine was reported using bimetallic bases TMPZnX⋅LiX (TMP=2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl; X=Cl, Br). Reactions occurred under mild conditions (25-70 °C, using 1.75 equivalents of base without additives), furnishing 2-zincated pyrimidines and 3-zincated pyridazine, which were then trapped with a variety of electrophiles. Contrasting with other s-block metalating systems, which lack selectivity in their reactions even when operating at low temperatures, these mixed Li/Zn bases enabled unprecedented regioselectivities that cannot be replicated by either LiTMP nor Zn(TMP)2 on their own. Spectroscopic and structural interrogations of organometallic intermediates involved in these reactions have shed light on the complex constitution of reaction mixtures and the origins of their special reactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kremsmair
- Department Chemie & BiochemieLudwig Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Alisa S. Sunagatullina
- Department Chemie & BiochemieLudwig Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Leonie J. Bole
- Department für Chemie und BiochemieUniversität BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Pasquale Mastropierro
- Department für Chemie und BiochemieUniversität BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Simon Graßl
- Department Chemie & BiochemieLudwig Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Henrik R. Wilke
- Department Chemie & BiochemieLudwig Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Edouard Godineau
- Forschung & Entwicklung SteinSyngenta Crop Protection AGSchaffhauserstrasse 1014332SteinSwitzerland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Department für Chemie und BiochemieUniversität BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie & BiochemieLudwig Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
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15
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Kremsmair A, Sunagatullina AS, Bole LJ, Mastropierro P, Graßl S, Wilke HR, Godineau E, Hevia E, Knochel P. Exploiting Coordination Effects for the Regioselective Zincation of Diazines Using TMPZnX·LiX (X = Cl, Br). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leonie J. Bole
- Universität Bern: Universitat Bern Department für Chemie und Biochemie SWITZERLAND
| | | | - Simon Graßl
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen Department of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Henrik R. Wilke
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen Department of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Edouard Godineau
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Forschung & Entwicklung Stein SWITZERLAND
| | - Eva Hevia
- Universität Bern: Universitat Bern Chemie und Biochemie SWITZERLAND
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen Department of Chemistry Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München GERMANY
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16
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Xu ZY, Liu YP, Liu X, Fu R, Hao WJ, Tu SJ, Jiang B. Photocatalytic Chemodivergent Synthesis of α‐gem‐Dihalovinyl Ketones and Chromen‐2‐ones from Monoalkynes. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Normal University CHINA
| | - Rong Fu
- Jiangsu Normal University CHINA
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17
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Empel C, Jana S, Koodan A, Koenigs RM. Unlocking C–H Functionalization at Room Temperature via a Light-Mediated Protodemetalation Reaction. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Empel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sripati Jana
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Adithyaraj Koodan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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18
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Rigoulet M, Vesseur D, Miqueu K, Bourissou D. Gold(I) α‐Trifluoromethyl Carbenes: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204781. [PMID: 35466483 PMCID: PMC9323441 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aryl trifluoromethyl diazomethanes 2‐R (R=Ph, OMe, CF3) are readily decomposed by the (o‐carboranyl)diphosphine gold(I) complex 1. The resulting α‐CF3 substituted carbene complexes 3‐R have been characterized by multi‐nuclear NMR spectroscopy as well as X‐ray crystallography (for 3‐Ph). The bonding situation was thoroughly assessed by computational means, showing stabilization of the electrophilic carbene center by π‐donation from the aryl substituent and backdonation from Au, as enhanced by the chelating P^P ligand. Reactivity studies under stoichiometric and catalytic conditions substantiate typical carbene‐type behavior for 3‐Ph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Rigoulet
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
| | - David Vesseur
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
| | - Karinne Miqueu
- CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S-UPPA Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM, UMR 5254) Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Angot 64053 Pau Cedex 09 France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
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19
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Zhang C. Application of Aromatic Substituted 2,2,2-Trifluoro Diazoethanes in Organic Reactions. CURR ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272826666220516113815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
This review provides an overview of metal-, nonmetal-, light-, or catalyst free-promoting reactions of aromatic substituted 2,2,2-trifluoro diazoethanes with organic molecules for the synthesis of trifluoromethyl-substituted compounds. Several approaches will be reviewed and divided into (i) copper-, iron-, Trop(BF4)-, B(C6F5)3-, light-, or rhodium-promoted reactions of aromatic substituted 2,2,2-trifluoro diazoethanes with silanes, amines, mercaptans, phosphonates, p-cyanophenol, benzoic acid, diphenylphosphinic acid, boranes and nBu3SnH, (ii) rhodium-catalyzed reactions of aromatic substituted 2,2,2-trifluoro diazoethanes with amides and phenylhydroxylamine, (iii) copper-, rhodium-, silver-, and light-catalyzed reactions of aromatic substituted 2,2,2-trifluoro diazoethanes with alkynes, (iv) palladium-, copper-, rhodium- and iron-catalyzed reactions of aromatic substituted 2,2,2-trifluoro diazoethanes with alkenes, (v) BF3·OEt2-, copper-, tin- or TBAB-catalyzed reactions of aromatic substituted 2,2,2-trifluoro diazoethanes with HF·Py, (difluoroiodo)toluene (p-TolIF2), TMSCF3, AgSCF3, TMSCF2Br or 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, (vi) palladium-, copper-, gold/silver- or rhodium-catalyzed reactions of aromatic substituted 2,2,2-trifluoro diazoethanes with indoles, benzene compounds or pyridines, and (vii) palladium-catalyzed reaction of aromatic substituted 2,2,2-trifluoro diazoethanes with benzyl or allyl bromides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Zhang
- Department of safety supervision and management, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Safety Technology, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Wang Q, Liu J, Wang N, Pajkert R, Mei H, Röschenthaler G, Han J. One‐Pot Reaction of (β‐Amino‐α,α‐difluoroethyl)phosphonates with Trifluoromethylated Ketones via Aza‐Wittig Reagents. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
| | - Nana Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
| | - Romana Pajkert
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
| | - Haibo Mei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
| | - Gerd‐Volker Röschenthaler
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
| | - Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
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21
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Gold(I) α‐Trifluoromethyl Carbenes: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Xu J, Liu J, Chen G, Xiong B, Zhang X, Lian Z. Palladium-catalysed difluoroolefination of benzyl tosylates toward the synthesis of gem-difluoro-2-trifluromethyl styrene derivatives. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12983-12987. [PMID: 35497019 PMCID: PMC9049850 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02473j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have presented an efficient method to access gem-difluoro-2-trifluromethyl styrene derivatives via palladium catalysis. This method features mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope and good product yields. Moreover, gram–scale reactions demonstrated the robustness and potential of this method. Control experiments revealed that the –CF3 group was essential to the success of this transformation. Finally, the practicality of this method was successfully proven by three synthetic applications. We presented an efficient method to access gem-difluoro-2-trifluromethyl styrene derivatives via palladium catalysis, which features mild reaction conditions and broad substrate scope.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Jiangjun Liu
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Gang Chen
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Baojian Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Zhong Lian
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China.,Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
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23
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Zhang X, Li L, Zanoni G, Han X, Bi X. Direct gem-Difluoroalkenylation of X-H Bonds with Trifluoromethyl Ketone N-Triftosylhydrazones for Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Heteroatomic gem-Difluoroalkenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200280. [PMID: 35191565 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The direct gem-difluoroalkenylation of X-H bonds represents the most straightforward approach to access heteroatomic gem-difluoroalkenes that, as the isostere of the carbonyl group, have great potency in drug discovery. However, the construction of tetrasubstituted heteroatomic gem-difluoroalkenes by this strategy is still an unsolved problem. Here, we report the first direct X-H bond gem-difluoroalkenylation of amines and alcohols with trifluoromethyl ketone N-triftosylhydrazones under silver (for (hetero)aryl hydrazones) or rhodium (for alkyl hydrazones), thereby providing a most powerful method for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted heteroatomic gem-difluoroalkenes. This method features a broad substrate scope, high product yield, excellent functional group tolerance, and operational simplicity (open air conditions). Moreover, the site-specific replacement of the carbonyl group with a gem-difluorovinyl ether bioisostere in drug Trimebutine and the post-modification of bioactive molecules demonstrates potential use in medicinal research. Finally, the reaction mechanism was investigated by combining experiments and DFT calculations, and disclosed that the key step of HF elimination occurred via five-membered ring transition state, and the difference in the electrophilicity of Ag- and Rh-carbenes as well as the multiple intermolecular interactions rendered the effectiveness of Rh catalyst selectively for alkyl hydrazones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Linxuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Xinyue Han
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xihe Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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24
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Chen ZL, Empel C, Wang K, Wu PP, Cai BG, Li L, Koenigs RM, Xuan J. Enabling Cyclopropanation Reactions of Imidazole Heterocycles via Chemoselective Photochemical Carbene Transfer Reactions of NHC-Boranes. Org Lett 2022; 24:2232-2237. [PMID: 35274531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report a site-selective cyclopropanation of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-borane complexes via photochemical carbene transfer reactions. By subtle changes to the reaction conditions, this approach can be further extended toward the difunctionalization of NHC-boranes via cyclopropanation and the B-H insertion reaction. Further investigations in photochemical continuous-flow applications and synthetic transformations proved the utility of the method. Theoretical calculations and control experiments were performed to explain the observed selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Le Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Claire Empel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kun Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Pan-Pan Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Bao-Gui Cai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Lei Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jun Xuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, China
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25
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Huang Z, He Y, Wang L, Li J, Xu BH, Zhou YG, Yu Z. Copper-Catalyzed [4 + 1] Annulation of Enaminothiones with Indoline-Based Diazo Compounds. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4424-4437. [PMID: 35262359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A concise synthetic route to spiroindoline-fused S-heterocycles was developed through copper-catalyzed [4 + 1] annulation using enaminothiones as donor-acceptor synthons. Both 3-diazoindolin-2-imines and 3-diazooxindoles were amenable to work as effective C1 building blocks. The reaction proceeds via a copper-catalyzed cascade process involving the in situ generation of copper(I) carbene and C-S/C-C bond formation. This synthetic protocol features the use of readily available substrates, diverse substituent tolerance, and good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Huang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuan He
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liandi Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jiying Li
- East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Hua Xu
- Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Zhengkun Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.,Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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26
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Empel C, Jana S, Langletz T, Koenigs RM. Rhodium-Catalyzed C-H Methylation and Alkylation Reactions by Carbene-Transfer Reactions. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104321. [PMID: 35015327 PMCID: PMC9302633 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this combined computational and experimental study, the C-H functionalization of 2-phenyl pyridine with diazoalkanes was investigated. Initial evaluation by computational methods allowed the evaluation of different metal catalysts and diazoalkanes and their compatibility in this C-H functionalization reaction. With these findings, suitable reaction conditions for the C-H methylation reactions were quickly identified by using highly reactive TMS diazomethane and C-H alkylation reactions with donor/acceptor diazoalkanes, which is applied to a broad scope on alkylation reactions of 2-aryl pyridines with TMS diazomethane and donor/acceptor diazoalkane (51 examples, up to 98 % yield).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Empel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sripati Jana
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Langletz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
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27
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Su J, Li Q, Shao Y, Sun J. Catalytic Transformations of 2-Pyridones by Rhodium-Mediated Carbene Transfer. Org Lett 2022; 24:1637-1641. [PMID: 35191701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
An enantioselective cyclopropanation reaction of N-substituted 2-pyridones with diazo compounds has been realized by using a chiral rhodium complex as the catalyst, and the corresponding chiral cyclopropanes could be formed in good yields with high enantioselectivities. Moreover, using acceptor-acceptor dimethyl 2-diazomalonate as the carbene precursor, a novel 1,4-rearrangement of a Boc group from N to C has also been discovered under rhodium catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Qiongya Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jiangtao Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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28
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Li F, Pei C, Koenigs RM. Photokatalytische gem‐Difluorolefinierungsreaktionen durch eine formale C−C‐Kupplungs/Defluorierungsreaktion mit Diazoacetaten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Organic Chemistry Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Chao Pei
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Organic Chemistry Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Organic Chemistry Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
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29
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Xiong B, Li Y, Zhang J, Liu J, Zhang X, Lian Z. Cross‐Electrophile Coupling between Aryl/Vinyl Triflates and Vinyl Tosylates for the Synthesis of gem‐Difluoroalkenes via Ni/Pd Cooperative Catalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yue Li
- Sichuan University West China Hospital CHINA
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Sichuan University West China Hospital CHINA
| | | | | | - Zhong Lian
- Sichuan University West China Hospital CHINA
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30
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Ollevier T, Carreras V. Emerging Applications of Aryl Trifluoromethyl Diazoalkanes and Diazirines in Synthetic Transformations. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2022; 2:83-98. [PMID: 36855460 PMCID: PMC9954246 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.1c00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aryl trifluoromethyl diazoalkanes and diazirines have become unique as reactants in synthetic methodology. As privileged compounds containing CF3 groups and ease of synthetic access, aryl trifluoromethyl diazoalkanes and diazirines have been highlighted for their versatility in applications toward a wide range of synthetic transformations. This Perspective highlights the synthetic applications of these reactants as precursors of stabilized metal carbenes, i.e., donor-acceptor-substituted ones.
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31
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Yan G, Gong X, Zhou Q. Recent advances in C-F bond activation of trifluoromethylated carbonyl compounds and derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5365-5376. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00795a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The selective activation of the inert C-F bonds is one of the most challenging topics in modern organic chemistry. Trifluoromethylketones represent a class of versatile building blocks, which are inexpensive...
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32
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Kumar A, Khan WA, Ahamad S, Mohanan K. Trifluorodiazoethane: A versatile building block to access trifluoromethylated heterocycles. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | | | - Shakir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
| | - Kishor Mohanan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Ghaziabad India
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33
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Zhao F, Zhou W, Zuo Z. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Difluorinated Architectures from Trifluoromethyl Groups. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hunan University of Medicine Huaihua 418000 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hunan University of Medicine Huaihua 418000 People's Republic of China
| | - Zuo Zuo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hunan University of Medicine Huaihua 418000 People's Republic of China
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34
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Zeng X, Xu Y, Liu J, Deng Y. Access to gem-Dibromoenones Enabled by Carbon-Centered Radical Addition to Terminal Alkynes in Water Solution. Org Lett 2021; 23:9058-9062. [PMID: 34766780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We herein report a novel and more practical approach to prepare gem-dibromoenones from terminal alkynes, tetrabromomethane (CBr4), and water in a single step. Mechanistic studies reveal that the generation of a tribromomethyl radical with the assistance of a persulfate salt (K2S2O8) is essential to this transformation. The reaction features readily available chemicals, a broad substrate scope, a green solvent, and mild reaction conditions, providing an efficient alternative for construction of halogen-substituted enones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghua Zeng
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing 314001, P.R. China
| | - Yuhai Xu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing 314001, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing 314001, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Deng
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing 314001, P.R. China
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35
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Kaur T, Brooks AF, Lapsys A, Desmond TJ, Stauff J, Arteaga J, Winton WP, Scott PJH. Synthesis and Evaluation of a Fluorine-18 Radioligand for Imaging Huntingtin Aggregates by Positron Emission Tomographic Imaging. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:766176. [PMID: 34924935 PMCID: PMC8675899 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.766176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the huntingtin gene (HTT) triggers aggregation of huntingtin protein (mHTT), which is the hallmark pathology of neurodegenerative Huntington's disease (HD). Development of a high affinity 18F radiotracer would enable the study of Huntington's disease pathology using a non-invasive imaging modality, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Herein, we report the first synthesis of fluorine-18 imaging agent, 6-(5-((5-(2,2-difluoro-2-(fluoro-18F)ethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methoxy)benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)-2-methylpyridazin-3(2H)-one ([18F]1), a radioligand for HD and its preclinical evaluation in vitro (autoradiography of post-mortem HD brains) and in vivo (rodent and non-human primate brain PET). [18F]1 was synthesized in a 4.1% RCY (decay corrected) and in an average molar activity of 16.5 ± 12.5 GBq/μmol (445 ± 339 Ci/mmol). [18F]1 penetrated the blood-brain barrier of both rodents and primates, and specific saturable binding in post-mortem brain slices was observed that correlated to mHTT aggregates identified by immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter J. H. Scott
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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36
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Li F, Pei C, Koenigs RM. Photocatalytic gem-Difluoroolefination Reactions by a Formal C-C Coupling/Defluorination Reaction with Diazoacetates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202111892. [PMID: 34716734 PMCID: PMC9300101 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The photolysis of diazoalkanes to conduct singlet carbene transfer reactions of colored diazoalkanes has recently attracted significant interest in organic synthesis. Herein, we describe a photocatalytic approach that allows the access of triplet carbene intermediates via energy transfer to conduct highly efficient gem‐difluoroolefination reactions with α‐trifluoromethyl styrenes. The use of a tertiary amines proved pivotal to unlock this unusual reaction pathway and to prevent undesired cyclopropanation pathways. The amine further facilitates the ultimate abstraction of fluoride to yield gem‐difluoroolefins (43 examples, up to 88 % yield), which is supported by experimental and theoretical mechanistic studies. We explored this synthesis method with a broad substrate scope, ranging from simple olefins and heterocyclic olefins towards the decoration of pharmaceutically relevant building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Chao Pei
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
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37
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Sang J, Feng L, Hu R, Chen J, Shang D, Bao Q, Rao W. Sc(OTf) 3-Catalyzed C2-Selective Cyanation/Defluorination Cascade of Perfluoroalkylated 3-Indolylmethanols and Application to the Synthesis of 3-Fluoro(perfluoroalkyl)-β-carbolines. Org Lett 2021; 23:7666-7671. [PMID: 34543569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed C2-selective cyanation/defluorination cascade of perfluoroalkylated 3-indolylmethanols with TMSCN is described, which provides a novel and practical strategy for the synthesis of structurally diverse 3-(2-cyano)-indolyl substituted gem-difluoroalkenes and β-fluoro-β-perfluoroalkylalkenes. The reaction features excellent regio- and stereoselectivity and broad substrate scope. Notably, the obtained gem-difluoroalkenes and β-fluoro-β-perfluoroalkylalkenes could be easily transformed into 3-fluoro(perfluoroalkyl)-β-carbolines with excellent efficiency simply by treating them with Grignard reagents or DIBAL-H under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Sang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Li Feng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jichao Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Dandan Shang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Qing Bao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Weidong Rao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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38
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Abstract
Herein, we report on the tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane-catalyzed reaction of carbazole heterocycles with aryldiazoacetates. We could demonstrate that selective N-H functionalization occurs in the case of an unprotected carbazole, other N-heterocycles, and secondary amines in good yields. In contract, the protected carbazole undergoes C-H functionalization at the C-3 position in a good yield. The application of both approaches was studied in 41 examples with up to a 97% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei He
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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39
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Kumar A, Dhami A, Fairoosa J, Kant R, Mohanan K. Silver-Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Enaminopyridines and Isoquinolinones Employing Trifluorodiazoethane. Org Lett 2021; 23:5815-5820. [PMID: 34264078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This Letter reports a Ag-catalyzed three-component approach for the N-alkenylation of 2-aminopyridines employing aldehydes and trifluorodiazoethane. Unlike the known reactions of trifluorodiazoethane with imines, which generate Mannich adducts, aziridines, or triazolines depending on the substrates and conditions, this reaction, after Mannich addition, proceeds via a carbene formation and 1,2-aryl migration sequence to afford (E)-enaminopyridines. This surprising selectivity, which is effective for a wide range of aldehydes and 2-aminopyridines, has been subsequently explored to access trifluoromethylated isoquinolinones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kishor Mohanan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
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40
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Zhang X, Tian C, Wang Z, Sivaguru P, Nolan SP, Bi X. Fluoroalkyl N-Triftosylhydrazones as Easily Decomposable Diazo Surrogates for Asymmetric [2 + 1] Cycloaddition: Synthesis of Chiral Fluoroalkyl Cyclopropenes and Cyclopropanes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Chunqi Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhanjing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | | | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xihe Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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41
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Sar S, Das R, Sen S. Blue LED Induced Manganese (I) Catalysed Direct C2−H Activation of Pyrroles with Aryl Diazoesters. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saibal Sar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Budh Nagar Uttar Pradesh 201314 India
| | - Ranajit Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Budh Nagar Uttar Pradesh 201314 India
| | - Subhabrata Sen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Budh Nagar Uttar Pradesh 201314 India
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42
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Chowdhury R, Mendoza A. N-Hydroxyphthalimidyl diazoacetate (NHPI-DA): a modular methylene linchpin for the C-H alkylation of indoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4532-4535. [PMID: 33956022 PMCID: PMC8101283 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01026c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the extensive studies on the reactions between conventional diazocompounds and indoles, these are still limited by the independent synthesis of the carbene precursors, the specific catalysts, and the required multi-step manipulation of the products. In this work, we explore redox-active carbenes in the expedited and divergent synthesis of functionalized indoles. NHPI-DA displays unusual efficiency and selectivity to yield insertion products that can be swiftly elaborated into boron and carbon substituents that are particularly problematic in carbene-mediated reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdip Chowdhury
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius laboratory, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Abraham Mendoza
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius laboratory, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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43
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Guha S, Gadde S, Kumar N, Black DS, Sen S. Orthogonal Syntheses of γ-Carbolinone and Spiro[pyrrolidinone-3,3']indole Derivatives in One Pot through Reaction Telescoping. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5234-5244. [PMID: 33720725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report a series of telescoping methodologies for one pot synthesis of biologically relevant γ-carboline derivatives 6 and spiro[pyrrolidinone-3,3']indole 7. Initially the three consecutive steps of cyclopropanation, phthalimide deprotection, and Boc-deprotection have been congregated in a single reaction vessel to afford a ∼1:1 mixture of 6 and 7. Next, careful optimization of the reaction sequence and the conditions generated an orthogonal approach to access compounds 6 and 7 exclusively. Air oxidation of the γ-carbolinones 6 afforded aromatic γ-carbolines 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Guha
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Chithera, Gautambudh Nagar, UP 201314, India
| | | | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Subhabrata Sen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Chithera, Gautambudh Nagar, UP 201314, India
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44
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Wu D, Hao WJ, Rao Q, Lu Y, Tu SJ, Jiang B. Engaging 1,7-diynes in a photocatalytic Kharasch-type addition/1,5-(S N'')-substitution cascade toward β-gem-dihalovinyl carbonyls. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1911-1914. [PMID: 33492317 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07880h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new and general photocatalytic Kharasch-type addition/1,5-(SN'')-substitution cascade of 1,7-diynes with alkyl halides such as BrCCl3 and CBr4 was reported for the first time, and used to produce 65 hitherto unreported β-gem-dihalovinyl ketones/aldehydes with moderate to excellent yields in a highly regioselective manner. This reaction tolerates a wide scope of substrates, which offers a green and efficient entry to fabricate synthetically important β-gem-dihalovinyl carbonyl scaffolds. Notably, the late-stage application of these resulting β-gem-dihalovinyl carbonyls shows high and unique reactivity profiles and demonstrates the versatility of their derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China.
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China.
| | - Qian Rao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China.
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China.
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45
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Yang Z, Koenigs RM. Photoinduced Palladium-Catalyzed Dicarbofunctionalization of Terminal Alkynes. Chemistry 2021; 27:3694-3699. [PMID: 33427348 PMCID: PMC7986663 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a conceptually distinct approach was developed that allowed for the dicarbofunctionalization of alkynes at room temperature using simple, bench-stable alkyl iodides and a second molecule of alkyne as coupling partner. Specifically, the photochemical activation of palladium complexes enabled this strategic dicarbofunctionalization via addition of alkyl radicals from secondary and tertiary alkyl iodides and formation of an intermediate palladium vinyl complex that could undergo subsequent Sonogashira reaction with a second alkyne molecule. This alkylation-alkynylation sequence allowed the one-step synthesis of 1,3-enynes including heteroarenes and biologically active compounds with high efficiency without exogenous photosensitizers or oxidants and now opens up pathways towards cascade reactions via photochemical palladium catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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46
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Wu W, Lin J, Xiao J, Cao Y, Ma Y. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of CF
3
‐ or HCF
2
‐Substituted Cyclopropanes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Feng Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Guiyang University 103 Jianlongdong Road Nanming District Guiyang Guizhou 550005 P. R. China
| | - Jin‐Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Ji‐Chang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Cai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Polyolefins and Catalysis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Catalysis Technology for Polyolefins Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Yanfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008 P. R. China
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47
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Jana S, Empel C, Nguyen TV, Koenigs RM. Multi C-H Functionalization Reactions of Carbazole Heterocycles via Gold-Catalyzed Carbene Transfer Reactions. Chemistry 2021; 27:2628-2632. [PMID: 33278310 PMCID: PMC7898811 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe a multiple C-H functionalization reaction of carbazole heterocycles with diazoalkanes. We show that gold catalysts play a distinct role in enabling a multiple C-H functionalization reaction to introduce up to six carbene fragments onto molecules containing multiple carbazole units or to link multiple carbazole units into a single molecule. A one-pot stepwise approach enables the introduction of two different carbene fragments to allow orthogonal deprotection and straightforward derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sripati Jana
- RWTH Aachen UniversityInstitute of Organic ChemistryLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Claire Empel
- RWTH Aachen UniversityInstitute of Organic ChemistryLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
- School of ChemistryUniversity of New South Wales2052SydneyAustralia
| | | | - Rene M. Koenigs
- RWTH Aachen UniversityInstitute of Organic ChemistryLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
- School of ChemistryUniversity of New South Wales2052SydneyAustralia
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48
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Mei H, Liu J, Pajkert R, Wang L, Röschenthaler GV, Han J. Design of (β-diazo-α,α-difluoroethyl)phosphonates and their application as masked carbenes in visible light-promoted coupling reactions with sulfonic acids. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01394c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A new kind of (β-diazo-α,α-difluoroethyl)phosphonate was designed and used as masked carbenes in visible-light-promoted reactions with sulfonic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Mei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- China
| | - Romana Pajkert
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Li Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- China
| | | | - Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- China
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49
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Bera SS, Bahukhandi SB, Empel C, Koenigs RM. Catalyst-controlled site-selective N-H and C3-arylation of carbazole via carbene transfer reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6193-6196. [PMID: 34048520 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01863a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A site-selective direct arylation reaction of carbazole and other N-heterocycles with diazo-naphthalen-2(1H)-ones has been developed. While Au(i)-NHC catalysts lead to selective C3-arylation, palladium acetate allows for selective N-H arylation, displaying complete site-selectivity each. To show the applicability of these arylation reactions, one-pot, two-fold diarylation reactions of carbazole were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Sekhar Bera
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | | | - Claire Empel
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
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50
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Zhou J, Jiang B, Guo M, Sumii Y, Shibata N. Aryl gem-Difluorovinyl Pinacolboronates: Synthesis and Utility for Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling Reaction. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Bingyao Jiang
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Sumii
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Avenue, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
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