1
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Yan J, Zhang FL, Jin KQ, Li JX, Wang LJ, Fan WT, Huang WH, Liu YL. Mechanical Strain Induces and Increases Vesicular Release Monitored by Microfabricated Stretchable Electrodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403241. [PMID: 38710651 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Exocytosis involving the fusion of intracellular vesicles with cell membrane, is thought to be modulated by the mechanical cues in the microenvironment. Single-cell electrochemistry can offer unique information about the quantification and kinetics of exocytotic events; however, the effects of mechanical force on vesicular release have been poorly explored. Herein, we developed a stretchable microelectrode with excellent electrochemical stability under mechanical deformation by microfabrication of functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) conductive ink, which achieved real-time quantitation of strain-induced vesicular exocytosis from a single cell for the first time. We found that mechanical strain could cause calcium influx via the activation of Piezo1 channels in chromaffin cell, initiating the vesicular exocytosis process. Interestingly, mechanical strain increases the amount of catecholamines released by accelerating the opening and prolonging the closing of fusion pore during exocytosis. This work is expected to provide revealing insights into the regulatory effects of mechanical stimuli on vesicular exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Fu-Li Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Kai-Qi Jin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wen-Ting Fan
- Core Facility of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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2
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Kim P, Moon H, Lee HC, Park JH. Electrochemical Detection of Single Aqueous Droplets in Organic Solvents via Pitting Collisions. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4528-4534. [PMID: 38453627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
We report a novel detection method for single aqueous droplets in organic solvents by the collisional contact of the droplet, inducing the partial deformation of the ultramicroelectrode (UME) surface. For various chemical reactions in organic solvents, water impurities affect the catalytic activity, leading to a loss of productivity and selectivity. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the water content of organic solvents in real time between many chemical production processes, from the laboratory to the industrial scale. Our method enables the detection of water contamination by real-time monitoring of the electrochemical signals or observing morphological changes in the microelectrode. When an aqueous droplet collides with the UME, the contact area of the electrode is electrolyzed, forming pits on the surface where the droplet falls. Current transient analysis shows a unique current spike corresponding to the reaction inside the adsorbed single aqueous droplet, which differs from those detected by the faradaic/nonfaradaic reaction of collision of other particles. Moreover, this analytical method can record the history of collision events from pits on the UME surface, implying that inspecting the UME surface could be a quick screening method for solvent contamination. Based on a comparison of the electrochemical signals and morphological changes of the electrode after each event, the sizes of the pits and droplets are related. A COMSOL simulation is performed to explain the shape of the peak current and pit formation during collision events. This experimental concept elucidates the dynamic behavior of aqueous droplets on a positively biased metal electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, South Korea
| | - Hyeongkwon Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, South Korea
| | - Heung Chan Lee
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon 16678, South Korea
| | - Jun Hui Park
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, South Korea
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3
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Zhang Y, Liu J, Mao X, Fan H, Li F, Wang S, Li J, Li M, Zuo X. Reconstruction of Vesicle Assemblies with DNA Nanorulers for Resolving Heterogeneity of Vesicles in Live Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308344. [PMID: 37921116 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale vesicles such as synaptic vesicles play a pivotal role in efficient interneuronal communications in vivo. However, the coexistence of single vesicle and vesicle clusters in living cells increases the heterogeneity of vesicle populations, which largely complicates the quantitative analysis of the vesicles. The high spatiotemporal monitoring of vesicle assemblies is currently incompletely resolved. Here, this work uses synthetic vesicles and DNA nanorulers to reconstruct in vitro the vesicle assemblies that mimic vesicle clusters in living cells. DNA nanorulers program the lateral distance of vesicle assemblies from 3 to 10 nm. This work uses the carbon fiber nanoelectrode (CFNE) to amperometric monitor artificial vesicle assemblies with sub-10 nm interspaces, and obtain a larger proportion of complex events. This work resolves the heterogeneity of individual vesicle release kinetics in PC12 cells with the temporal resolution down to ≈0.1 ms. This work further analyzes the aggregation state of intracellular vesicles and the exocytosis of living cells with electrochemical vesicle cytometry. The results indicate that the exocytosis of vesicle clusters is critically dependent on the size of clusters. This technology has the potential as a tool to shed light on the heterogeneity analysis of vesicle populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jiangbo Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiuhai Mao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hongxuan Fan
- Shanghai Soong Ching Ling School, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Fan Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Institute of Materials Biology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiaolei Zuo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
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4
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Gu C, Philipsen MH, Ewing AG. Omega-3 and -6 Fatty Acids Alter the Membrane Lipid Composition and Vesicle Size to Regulate Exocytosis and Storage of Catecholamines. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:816-826. [PMID: 38344810 PMCID: PMC10884999 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The two essential fatty acids, alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid, and the higher unsaturated fatty acids synthesized from them are critical for the development and maintenance of normal brain functions. Deficiencies of these fatty acids have been shown to cause damage to the neuronal development, cognition, and locomotor function. We combined electrochemistry and imaging techniques to examine the effects of the two essential fatty acids on catecholamine release dynamics and the vesicle content as well as on the cell membrane phospholipid composition to understand how they impact exocytosis and by extension neurotransmission at the single-cell level. Incubation of either of the two fatty acids reduces the size of secretory vesicles and enables the incorporation of more double bonds into the cell membrane structure, resulting in higher membrane flexibility. This subsequently affects proteins regulating the dynamics of the exocytotic fusion pore and thereby affects exocytosis. Our data suggest a possible pathway whereby the two essential fatty acids affect the membrane structure to impact exocytosis and provide a potential treatment for diseases and impairments related to catecholamine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyi Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mai H. Philipsen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular
Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
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5
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De Alwis AC, Denison JD, Shah R, McCarty GS, Sombers LA. Exploiting Microelectrode Geometry for Comprehensive Detection of Individual Exocytosis Events at Single Cells. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3187-3194. [PMID: 37552870 PMCID: PMC10464603 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon fiber microelectrodes are commonly used for real-time monitoring of individual exocytosis events at single cells. Since the nature of an electrochemical signal is fundamentally governed by mass transport to the electrode surface, microelectrode geometry can be exploited to achieve precise and accurate measurements. Researchers traditionally pair amperometric measurements of exocytosis with a ∼10-μm diameter, disk microelectrode in an "artificial synapse" configuration to directly monitor individual release events from single cells. Exocytosis is triggered, and released molecules diffuse to the "post-synaptic" electrode for oxidation. This results in a series of distinct current spikes corresponding to individual exocytosis events. However, it remains unclear how much of the material escapes detection. In this work, the performance of 10- and 34-μm diameter carbon fiber disk microelectrodes was directly compared in monitoring exocytosis at single chromaffin cells. The 34-μm diameter electrode was more sensitive to catecholamines and enkephalins than its traditional, 10-μm diameter counterpart, and it more effectively covered the entire cell. As such, the larger sensor detected more exocytosis events overall, as well as a larger quantal size, suggesting that the traditional tools underestimate the above measurements. Both sensors reliably measured l-DOPA-evoked changes in quantal size, and both exhibited diffusional loss upon adjustment of cell-electrode spacing. Finite element simulations using COMSOL support the improved collection efficiency observed using the larger sensor. Overall, this work demonstrates how electrode geometry can be exploited for improved detection of exocytosis events by addressing diffusional loss─an often-overlooked source of inaccuracy in single-cell measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Chathuri De Alwis
- Department
of Chemistry and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - J. Dylan Denison
- Department
of Chemistry and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Ruby Shah
- Department
of Chemistry and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Gregory S. McCarty
- Department
of Chemistry and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Leslie A. Sombers
- Department
of Chemistry and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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6
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Zhu F, Xue Y, Ji W, Li X, Ma W, Yu P, Jiang Y, Mao L. Galvanic Redox Potentiometry for Fouling-Free and Stable Serotonin Sensing in a Living Animal Brain. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212458. [PMID: 36688872 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a major neurotransmitter broadly involved in many aspects of feeling and behavior. Although its electro-activity makes it a promising candidate for electrochemical sensing, the persistent generation of fouling layers on the electrode by its oxidation products presents a hurdle for reliable sensing. Here, we present a fouling-free 5-HT sensor based on galvanic redox potentiometry. The sensor efficiently minimizes electrode fouling as revealed by in situ Raman spectroscopy, ensuring a less than 3 % signal change in a 2 hour continuous experiment, whereas amperometric sensors losing 90 % within 30 min. Most importantly, the sensor is highly amenable for in vivo studies, permitting real-time 5-HT monitoring, and supporting the mechanism associated with serotonin release in brain. Our system offers an effective way for sensing different neurochemicals having significant fouling issues, thus facilitating the molecular-level understanding of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghui Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yifei Xue
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wenliang Ji
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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7
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Borges R, Gu C, Machado JD, Ewing AG. The dynamic nature of exocytosis from large secretory vesicles. A view from electrochemistry and imaging. Cell Calcium 2023; 110:102699. [PMID: 36708611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this brief review, we discuss the factors that modulate the quantum size and the kinetics of exocytosis. We also discuss the determinants which motivate the type of exocytosis from the so-called kiss-and-run to full fusion and along the intermediate mode of partial release. Kiss-and-run release comprises the transient opening of a nanometer (approx. 2 nm diameter) fusion pore between vesicle and plasma membrane allowing a small amount of release. Partial release comprises a larger more extended opening of the pore to allow a larger fraction of released vesicle content and is what is observed as normal full release in most electrochemical measurements. Partial release appears to be dominant in dense core vesicles and perhaps synaptic vesicles. The concept of partial release leads to the fraction released as a plastic component of exocytosis. Partial vesicular distension and the kinetics of exocytosis can be modulated by second messengers, physiological modulators, and drugs. This concept adds a novel point of regulation for the exocytotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Borges
- Pharmacology Unit, Medical School, Universidad de la Laguna, Tenerife. Spain
| | - Chaoyi Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - José-David Machado
- Pharmacology Unit, Medical School, Universidad de la Laguna, Tenerife. Spain
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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8
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Zhang S, Qin H, Cheng S, Zhang Y, Gao N, Zhang M. An Electrochemical Nanosensor for Monitoring the Dynamics of Intracellular H 2 O 2 Upon NADH Treatment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300083. [PMID: 36807970 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based therapeutic strategies play an important role in cancer treatment. However, in situ, real-time and quantitative analysis of intracellular ROS in cancer treatment for drug screening is still a challenge. Herein we report one selective hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) electrochemical nanosensor, which is prepared by electrodeposition of Prussian blue (PB) and polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) onto carbon fiber nanoelectrode. With the nanosensor, we find that the level of intracellular H2 O2 increases with NADH treatment and that increase is dose-dependent to the concentration of NADH. High-dose of NADH (above 10 mM) can induce cell death and intratumoral injection of NADH is validated for inhibiting tumor growth in mice. This study highlights the potential of electrochemical nanosensor for tracking and understanding the role of H2 O2 in screening new anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Hancheng Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Shuwen Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Meining Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
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9
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Majdi S, Lima AS, Ewing AG. Vesicle Collision Protocols for the Study of Quantum Size and Exocytotic Fraction Released. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2565:223-237. [PMID: 36205898 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2671-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We review the methods of vesicle impact electrochemical cytometry, intracellular impact electrochemical cytometry, and single cell amperometry and their application to measuring the storage of neurotransmitters in cellular vesicles. We provide protocols to measure vesicle content, the release of catecholamines, and from there the fraction of transmitter released in each exocytosis event. The focus here has been a combination of methods to evaluate factors related to neuronal function at the cellular level and implications in, for example, cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodabeh Majdi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alex S Lima
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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10
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Sciurti E, Biscaglia F, Prontera C, Giampetruzzi L, Blasi L, Francioso L. Nanoelectrodes for Intracellular and Intercellular electrochemical detection: working principles, fabrication techniques and applications. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.117125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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11
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Hatamie A, He X, Zhang XW, Oomen PE, Ewing AG. Advances in nano/microscale electrochemical sensors and biosensors for analysis of single vesicles, a key nanoscale organelle in cellular communication. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 220:114899. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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McCarty G, Dunaway LE, Denison JD, Sombers LA. Neurotransmitter Readily Escapes Detection at the Opposing Microelectrode Surface in Typical Amperometric Measurements of Exocytosis at Single Cells. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9548-9556. [PMID: 35750055 PMCID: PMC9281607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For decades, carbon-fiber microelectrodes have been used in amperometric measurements of neurotransmitter release at a wide variety of cell types, providing a tremendous amount of valuable information on the mechanisms involved in dense-core vesicle fusion. The electroactive molecules that are released can be detected at the opposing microelectrode surface, allowing for precise quantification as well as detailed kinetic information on the stages of neurotransmitter release. However, it remains unclear how much of the catecholamine that is released into the artificial synapse escapes detection. This work examines two separate mechanisms by which released neurotransmitter goes undetected in a typical amperometric measurement. First, diffusional loss is assessed by monitoring exocytosis at single bovine chromaffin cells using carbon-fiber microelectrodes fabricated in a recessed (cavity) geometry. This creates a microsampling vial that minimizes diffusional loss of analyte prior to detection. More molecules were detected per exocytotic release event when using a recessed cavity sensor as compared to the conventional configuration. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of the norepinephrine transporter (NET), which serves to remove catecholamine from the extracellular space, increased both the size and the time course of individual amperometric events. Overall, this study characterizes distinct physical and biological mechanisms by which released neurotransmitter escapes detection at the opposing microelectrode surface, while also revealing an important role for the NET in "presynaptic" modulation of neurotransmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory
S. McCarty
- Department
of Chemistry and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Lars E. Dunaway
- Department
of Chemistry and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - J. Dylan Denison
- Department
of Chemistry and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Leslie A. Sombers
- Department
of Chemistry and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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13
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Zhang X, Ewing AG. Pore-Opening Dynamics of Single Nanometer Biovesicles at an Electrified Interface. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9852-9858. [PMID: 35647887 PMCID: PMC9245343 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Release from nanobiovesicles via a pore generated by membrane electroporation at an electrified interface can be monitored by vesicle impact electrochemical cytometry (VIEC) and provides rich information about the various vesicular content transfer processes, including content homeostasis, intraphase content transfer, or the transient fusion of vesicles. These processes are primarily influenced by the vesicular pore-opening dynamics at the electrified interface which has not been disclosed at the single nanobiovesicle level yet. In this work, after simultaneously measuring the size and release dynamics of individual vesicles, we employed a moving mesh-finite element simulation algorithm to reconstruct the accurate pore-opening dynamics of individual vesicles with different sizes during VIEC. We investigated the expansion times and maximal pore sizes as two characteristics of different vesicles. The pore expansion times between nanobiovesicles and pure lipid liposomes were compared, and that of the nanobiovesicles is much longer than that for the liposomes, 2.1 ms vs 0.18 ms, respectively, which reflects the membrane proteins limiting the electroporation process. For the vesicles with different sizes, a positive relationship of pore size (Rp,max) with the vesicle size (Rves) and also their ratio (Rp,max/Rves) versus the vesicle sizes is observed. The mechanism of the pore size determination is discussed and related to the membrane proteins and the vesicle size. This work accurately describes the dynamic pore-opening process of individual vesicles which discloses the heterogeneity in electroporation of different sized vesicles. This should allow us to examine the more complicated vesicular content transfer process between intravesicular compartments.
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14
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He X, Ewing AG. Simultaneous Counting of Molecules in the Halo and Dense-Core of Nanovesicles by Regulating Dynamics of Vesicle Opening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116217. [PMID: 35129861 PMCID: PMC9306628 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the discovery that in the presence of chaotropic anions (SCN−) the opening of nanometer biological vesicles at an electrified interface often becomes a two‐step process (around 30 % doublet peaks). We have then used this to independently count molecules in each subvesicular compartment, the halo and protein dense‐core, and the fraction of catecholamine binding to the dense‐core is 68 %. Moreover, we differentiated two distinct populations of large dense‐core vesicles (LDCVs) and quantified their content, which might correspond to immature (43 %) and mature (30 %) LDCVs, to reveal differences in their biogenesis. We speculate this is caused by an increase in the electrostatic attraction between protonated catecholamine and the negatively charged dense‐core following adsorption of SCN−.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan He
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Nguyen TD, Mellander L, Lork A, Thomen A, Philipsen M, Kurczy ME, Phan NT, Ewing AG. Visualization of Partial Exocytotic Content Release and Chemical Transport into Nanovesicles in Cells. ACS NANO 2022; 16:4831-4842. [PMID: 35189057 PMCID: PMC8945366 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
For decades, "all-or-none" and "kiss-and-run" were thought to be the only major exocytotic release modes in cell-to-cell communication, while the significance of partial release has not yet been widely recognized and accepted owing to the lack of direct evidence for exocytotic partial release. Correlative imaging with transmission electron microscopy and NanoSIMS imaging and a dual stable isotope labeling approach was used to study the cargo status of vesicles before and after exocytosis; demonstrating a measurable loss of transmitter in individual vesicles following stimulation due to partial release. Model secretory cells were incubated with 13C-labeled l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, resulting in the loading of 13C-labeled dopamine into their vesicles. A second label, di-N-desethylamiodarone, having the stable isotope 127I, was introduced during stimulation. A significant drop in the level of 13C-labeled dopamine and a reduction in vesicle size, with an increasing level of 127I-, was observed in vesicles of stimulated cells. Colocalization of 13C and 127I- in several vesicles was observed after stimulation. Thus, chemical visualization shows transient opening of vesicles to the exterior of the cell without full release the dopamine cargo. We present a direct calculation for the fraction of neurotransmitter release from combined imaging data. The average vesicular release is 60% of the total catecholamine. An important observation is that extracellular molecules can be introduced to cells during the partial exocytotic release process. This nonendocytic transport process appears to be a general route of entry that might be exploited pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tho Duc
Khanh Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Lisa Mellander
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Alicia Lork
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Aurélien Thomen
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Mai Philipsen
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Michael E. Kurczy
- DMPK,
Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism
(CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg S-431 83, Sweden
| | - Nhu T.N. Phan
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
- E-mail:
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16
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He X, Ewing AG. Simultaneous Counting of Molecules in the Halo and Dense‐Core of Nanovesicles by Regulating Dynamics of Vesicle Opening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan He
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Kemivägen 10 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Kemivägen 10 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
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