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Vyas KD, Singh A. Juncus rigidus high biomass and cellulose productivity under wastewater salinity stress - A paradigm shift to the valorization of RO reject water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173076. [PMID: 38734100 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The use of water purifiers is intensively catching up and disposing of reverse osmosis reject water is of great concern. Reject water management using conventional methods is costly and harmful to the environment. To address this issue, the present study aims to utilize reverse osmosis reject wastewater using an eco-friendly approach. Juncus rigidus was treated with reject wastewater containing different salinity levels. Wastewater-treated plant dry biomass increased with increasing reject water salinity, and 625.3 g dry biomass recovered in treatment-B (~18,520 ppm). However, ~23,220 ppm wastewater salinity was lethal to the plants. The cellulose was extracted by alkali hydrolysis. The cellulose content in the wastewater-treated biomass was significantly higher in Treatment-B compared to both the control and Treatment-A (~12,744 ppm). The water salinity enhanced the cellulose (26.49 %) production in J. rigidus. Cellulose purity was confirmed using spectroscopic and thermogravimetric means. XRD shows highest crystallinity Index (77.29) with a d-spacing of 4.7 Å and 5.7 nm crystallite size in treatment-B. FTIR results reveal well-defined relevant peaks for OH, CH, CO, CH2, C-O-C, CO groups in treatment-B cellulose. Salinity impacts carboxyl groups in treatment B cellulose with a sharper and intense peak at 1644 cm-1 responsible for water absorption. Treatment-B exhibits higher thermal stability due to increased crystallinity. DSC shows endothermic depolymerization of cellulose with distinct peaks for different treatments. Morphological traits got better with increasing salinity with no adverse effect on cellulose. Salinity moderately affected the water absorption capacity of cellulose. All cellulose samples were devoid of gram-negative bacteria known by microbial test. This pioneering work underscores the plant's remarkable capacity not only to accomplish the circular economy by the valorization of wastewater obtained from various water purifiers for Juncus cultivation for cellulose production for diverse applications but also to generate income from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krupali Dipakbhai Vyas
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Aneesha Singh
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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2
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Cai C, Wang G, Bai X, Xu D, Yan C, Yang Y. Optimizing carboxylated nanocellulose preparation: A kinetic and mechanistic study on the enhancement of TEMPO-mediated oxidation via swelling treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133342. [PMID: 38908641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the application of swelling pretreatment as a solution to the high cost and contamination associated with the process of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation for nanocellulose preparation. The results demonstrated that swelling significantly expanded the fibers while preserving the degree of polymerization (DP) of cellulose (approximately 95 %). The native crystal structure and hydrogen bonding of cellulose were disrupted after swelling, leading to a reduction in crystallinity and crystallite size, and the decrease of bonding energy and content of intermolecular O6-H⋯O3'. The TEMPO-mediated oxidation processes of cellulose fibers with or without swelling were successfully fitted using a consecutive first-order reaction kinetic model. The fitting results indicated that swelling significantly reduced the activation energy of TEMPO-mediated oxidation and enhanced the reaction rate. Among three swelling systems, the NaOH/thiourea/water system exhibited the optimal promotion effect. Consequently, the swelling treatment enables a significant reduction of 30 % in the catalyst dose for the TEMPO-mediated oxidation while preserving a competitive reaction rate, yield, and product performance. Lower catalyst dosage helps to reduce cost and environmental impact, facilitating the industrial application of the TEMPO-mediated oxidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cai
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Bai
- School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dongfei Xu
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cuiqiang Yan
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yifei Yang
- School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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3
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Mladenović Nikolić N, Kljajević L, Nenadović SS, Potočnik J, Knežević S, Dolenec S, Trivunac K. Adsorption Efficiency of Cadmium (II) by Different Alkali-Activated Materials. Gels 2024; 10:317. [PMID: 38786234 PMCID: PMC11121154 DOI: 10.3390/gels10050317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to demonstrate the potential utilization of fly ash (FA), wood ash (WA), and metakaolin (MK) in developing new alkali-activated materials (AAMs) for the removal of cadmium ions from waste water. The synthesis of AAMs involved the dissolution of solid precursors, FA, WA, and MK, by a liquid activator (Na2SiO3 and NaOH). In concentrated solutions of the activator, the formation of an aluminosilicate gel structure occurred. DRIFT spectroscopy of the AAMs indicated main vibration bands between 1036 cm-1 and 996 cm-1, corresponding to Si-O-Si/Si-O-Al bands. Shifting vibration bands were seen at 1028 cm-1 to 1021 cm-1, indicating that the Si-O-Si/Si-O-Al bond is elongating, and the bond angle is decreasing. Based on the X-ray diffraction results, alkali-activated samples consist of an amorphous phase and residual mineral phases. The characteristic "hump" of an amorphous phase in the range from 20 to 40° 2θ was observed in FA and in all AWAFA samples. By the XRD patterns of the AAMs obtained by the activation of a solid three-component system, a new crystalline phase, gehlenite, was identified. The efficiency of AAMs in removing cadmium ions from aqueous solutions was tested under various conditions. The highest values of adsorption capacity, 64.76 mg/g (AWAFA6), 67.02 mg/g (AWAFAMK6), and 72.84 mg/g mg/g (AWAMK6), were obtained for materials activated with a 6 M NaOH solution in the alkali activator. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second kinetic order provided the best fit for all investigated AAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Mladenović Nikolić
- Department for Materials, “Vinča“ Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.K.); (S.S.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Ljiljana Kljajević
- Department for Materials, “Vinča“ Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.K.); (S.S.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Snežana S. Nenadović
- Department for Materials, “Vinča“ Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.K.); (S.S.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Jelena Potočnik
- Department of Atomic Physics, “Vinča“ Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Sanja Knežević
- Department for Materials, “Vinča“ Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.K.); (S.S.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Sabina Dolenec
- Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trivunac
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Quality Control, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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Szwajca A, Lucejko JJ, Berdychowska N, Zborowska M. Understanding changes in holocellulose and lignin compounds in wooden structure of veneers: Molecular insights post hydrothermal treatment and aging. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:130920. [PMID: 38513902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Veneers obtained via hydrothermal treatment serve to enhance the aesthetic appeal of furniture and other wooden surfaces. However, the impact of this treatment on the chemical composition of holocellulose and lignin, coupled with their resistance to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, remains a relatively unexplored area requiring further investigation. In the experiment, wood samples of three distinct species underwent hydrothermal treatment followed by exposure to UV aging. Parameters including colour, contact angle, and acid-base properties were examined alongside their chemical alterations during these processes. These observed properties were then correlated with changes identified through FT-IR and Py-GC/MS analyses to uncover their molecular origins. Through these methods, the study offered insights into the chemical transformations driving the observed alterations. Findings revealed the considerable impact of hydrothermal treatment on these properties and their propensity for modification under UV radiation. In most test variations, hydrothermal treatment amplified tendencies toward colour changes, increased hydrophobicity, and basicity. Analysis of chemical changes suggested the degradation of polysaccharides due to hydrothermal treatment and lignin breakdown under UV irradiation. Understanding these molecular changes provides a foundation for mitigating the adverse effects of hydrothermal wood treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szwajca
- Department of Synthesis and Structure of Organic Compounds, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | | | - Natalia Berdychowska
- Department of Chemical Wood Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zborowska
- Department of Chemical Wood Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
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Kúdela J, Ihracký P, Kačík F. Discoloration and Surface Changes in Spruce Wood after Accelerated Aging. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1191. [PMID: 38732660 PMCID: PMC11085342 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Spruce wood is widely used in outdoor applications, but its susceptibility to degradation under exposure to sunlight and moisture is a major concern. This study investigates the impact of accelerated aging on spruce wood's surface chemistry, microstructure, geometry, and discoloration. The study was performed in two outdoor aging modes: dry and wet. The accelerated aging effects were evident in the changes in spruce wood structure, as well as in the other studied properties. During aging, it developed significant discoloration. Under simulated rainless outdoor conditions (dry mode), spruce wood gradually became dark brown. Under conditions involving rain (wet mode), the discoloration was qualitatively different from the dry mode. FTIR spectroscopy showed that during the accelerated aging of wood, lignin was mainly degraded, especially in the early stages of the process. A linear correlation was found between the changes in lignin and the color changes in the wood. There was an increase in carbonyl groups in the dry mode, which contributed to the color change and was also influenced by changes in extractives. The wet mode caused the leaching out of carbonyl groups. The observed decrease in cellulose crystallinity, together with the degradation of hydrophobic lignin, may result in the increased hydrophilicity of photodegraded wood. For both modes, there were different changes in the wood micro- and macrostructure, reflected in the surface morphology. The roughness increased during the aging process in both modes. The slightest changes in the roughness parameters were identified in the grain direction in the dry mode; the most evident was that the roughness parameters increased perpendicular to the grain in the wet mode. The demonstrated mechanism backing up the aging-related changes to the spruce wood structure and the relations unveiled between these changes and the changes in the spruce wood surface properties can provide an issue point for seeking ways how to mitigate the negative effects of the environmental factors the wood is exposed to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Kúdela
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia; (J.K.); (P.I.)
| | - Pavel Ihracký
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia; (J.K.); (P.I.)
| | - František Kačík
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia
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Jesus E, Franca T, Calvani C, Lacerda M, Gonçalves D, Oliveira SL, Marangoni B, Cena C. Making wood inspection easier: FTIR spectroscopy and machine learning for Brazilian native commercial wood species identification. RSC Adv 2024; 14:7283-7289. [PMID: 38433943 PMCID: PMC10906009 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00174e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The molecular structure of wood is mainly based on cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose. However, low concentrations of lipids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, fatty acids, resin acids, and waxes can also be found. In general, their color, smell, texture, quantity, and distribution of pores are used in human sensory analysis to identify native wood species, which may lead to erroneous classification, impairing quality control and inspection of commercialized wood. This study developed a fast and accurate method to discriminate Brazilian native commercial wood species using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and machine learning algorithms. It not only solves the limitations of traditional methods but also goes beyond as it allows fast analyses to be obtained at low cost and high accuracy. In this work, we provide the identification of five Brazilian native wood species: Angelim-pedra (Hymenolobium petraeum Ducke), Cambara (Gochnatia polymorpha), Cedrinho (Erisma uncinatum), Champagne (Dipteryx odorata), and Peroba do Norte (Goupia glabra Aubl). The results showed the great potential of FTIR and multivariate analysis for wood sample classification; here, the Linear SVM differentiated the five wood species with an accuracy of 98%. The developed method allows industries, laboratories, companies, and control bodies to identify the nature of the wood product after being extracted and semi-manufactured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton Jesus
- UFMS - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Optics and Photonic Lab (SISFOTON-UFMS) Campo Grande MS Brazil
| | - Thiago Franca
- UFMS - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Optics and Photonic Lab (SISFOTON-UFMS) Campo Grande MS Brazil
| | - Camila Calvani
- UFMS - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Optics and Photonic Lab (SISFOTON-UFMS) Campo Grande MS Brazil
| | - Miller Lacerda
- UFMS - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Optics and Photonic Lab (SISFOTON-UFMS) Campo Grande MS Brazil
| | - Daniel Gonçalves
- UFGD - Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Dourados MS Brazil
- UEMS - Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul Dourados MS Brazil
| | - Samuel L Oliveira
- UFMS - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Optics and Photonic Lab (SISFOTON-UFMS) Campo Grande MS Brazil
| | - Bruno Marangoni
- UFMS - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Optics and Photonic Lab (SISFOTON-UFMS) Campo Grande MS Brazil
| | - Cicero Cena
- UFMS - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Optics and Photonic Lab (SISFOTON-UFMS) Campo Grande MS Brazil
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Reta Dominguez CV, Wagner JR, Porfiri MC. Nanofibers from soybean hull insoluble polysaccharides as Pickering stabilizers in oil-in-water emulsions formulated under acidic conditions. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:125-133. [PMID: 37535855 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pickering emulsions are a kind of emulsion stabilized by solid particles. These particles generate a physical or mechanical barrier that provides long-term stability to emulsion. Cellulose nanofibers are effective Pickering emulsifiers given their long length, high flexibility and entanglement capability. In this work, soybean hull insoluble polysaccharides (HIPS) were used as source of cellulose nanofibers by using a combination of chemical and mechanical treatment. The chemical composition, morphology, flow behavior, water holding capacity (WHC) and emulsifying properties of the nanofibers were studied. RESULTS Nanofibers with diameters between 35 and 110 nm were obtained. The WHC increased significantly after the mechanical treatment, and the rheological behavior of the nanofibers was typical of cellulosic materials. Nanofibers were effective emulsifiers in oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions formulated under acidic conditions, without the need of using any additional surfactant. Emulsions were not affected by changes in the pH of the medium (3.00-5.00), and were stable to coalescence. CONCLUSION It is possible that cellulose nanofibers form an entangled network which acts as a mechanical steric barrier, providing stability to coalescence. These results are important for the development of effective O/W Pickering emulsifiers/stabilizers, with large applications in the food industry. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila V Reta Dominguez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Funcionalidad y Tecnología de Alimentos (LIFTA), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352 (B1876BXD), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge R Wagner
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Funcionalidad y Tecnología de Alimentos (LIFTA), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352 (B1876BXD), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María C Porfiri
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Funcionalidad y Tecnología de Alimentos (LIFTA), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352 (B1876BXD), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Reyes-Rivera J, Terrazas T. Lignin Analysis by HPLC and FTIR: Spectra Deconvolution and S/G Ratio Determination. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2722:149-169. [PMID: 37897607 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3477-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a simple nondestructive technique that allows the user to obtain quick and accurate information about the structure of the constituents of wood. Spectra deconvolution is a computational technique, complementary to FTIR analysis, which improves the resolution of overlapped or unobserved bands in the raw spectra. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is an analytical technique useful to determine the ratio of the lignin monomers obtained by the alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation method. Furthermore, lignin content has been commonly determined by wet chemical methods; Klason lignin determination is a quick and accessible method. Here, we detail the procedures for chemical analysis of the wood lignin using these techniques. Additionally, the deconvolution process of FTIR spectra for the determination of the S/G ratio, in lignin isolated by this or other methods, is explained in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa Terrazas
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Ghonjizade-Samani F, Haurie L, Malet R, Realinho V. The Components' Roles in Thermal Stability and Flammability of Cork Powder. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103829. [PMID: 37241456 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an analysis of the influence of extractives, suberin and lignocellulosic components on the pyrolysis decomposition and fire reaction mechanisms of a cork oak powder from Quercus suber L. is presented. The summative chemical composition of cork powder was determined. Suberin was the main component at 40% of the total weight, followed by 24% of lignin, 19% of polysaccharides and 14% of extractives. The absorbance peaks of cork and its individual components were further analyzed by means of ATR-FTIR spectrometry. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the removal of extractives from cork slightly increased the thermal stability between 200 °C and 300 °C and led to the formation of a more thermally stable residue at the end of the cork decomposition. Moreover, by removing suberin, a shift of the onset decomposition temperature to a lower temperature was noticed, indicating that suberin plays a major role in enhancing the thermal stability of cork. Furthermore, non-polar extractives showed the highest flammability with a peak of heat release rate (pHRR) of 365 W/g analyzed by means of micro-scale combustion calorimetry (MCC). Above 300 °C, the heat release rate (HRR) of suberin was lower than that of polysaccharides or lignin. However, below that temperature it released more flammable gases with a pHRR of 180 W/g, without significant charring ability, contrary to the mentioned components that showed lower HRR due to their prominent condensed mode of action that slowed down the mass and heat transfer processes during the combustion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Ghonjizade-Samani
- Poly2 Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Escuela Superior de Ingenierías Industrial, Aeroespacial y Audiovisual (ESEIAAT), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC BarcelonaTech), C/de Colom, 11, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
- Elix Polymers, Polígono Industrial, Ctra. de Vilaseca-La Pineda s/n, 43110 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laia Haurie
- GICITED Group, Department of Architectural Technology, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Edificación de Barcelona (EPSEB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC BarcelonaTech), Av. Dr. Marañon 44-50, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Malet
- Elix Polymers, Polígono Industrial, Ctra. de Vilaseca-La Pineda s/n, 43110 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Vera Realinho
- Poly2 Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Escuela Superior de Ingenierías Industrial, Aeroespacial y Audiovisual (ESEIAAT), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC BarcelonaTech), C/de Colom, 11, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
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10
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Laezza A, Celeste A, Curcio M, Teghil R, De Bonis A, Brutti S, Pepe A, Bochicchio B. Cellulose Nanocrystals as Additives in Electrospun Biocompatible Separators for Aprotic Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:1453-1463. [PMID: 36817333 PMCID: PMC9926463 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This work concerns the study of electrospun scaffolds as separators for aprotic lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) composed of the amorphous poly-d,l-lactide (PDLLA), in solution concentrations of 8, 10, and 12 wt % and in different ratios with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). PDLLA has been studied for the first time as a separator, taking into account its amorphous character that could facilitate electrolyte incorporation into the polymer matrix and influence ionic conductivity, together with CNCs, for reducing the hydrophobicity of the scaffolds. The embedding of the nanocrystals in the scaffolds was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The polymer combination influenced the nanofibrous morphology as evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and modulated the electrochemical behavior of the membranes that was investigated through linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. Among the studied categories, the P12 series displayed a nonhomogeneous electrolyte resistance and electrochemical stability, differently from P10, whose results suggested their application in LIBs with standard formulation, as confirmed by a preliminary performance test of the P10N6 formulation in a full Li-ion cell configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Laezza
- Department
of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano
10, Potenza85100, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Celeste
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Roma La
Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma00185, Italy
| | - Mariangela Curcio
- Department
of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano
10, Potenza85100, Italy
| | - Roberto Teghil
- Department
of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano
10, Potenza85100, Italy
| | - Angela De Bonis
- Department
of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano
10, Potenza85100, Italy
| | - Sergio Brutti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Roma La
Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma00185, Italy
- GISEL—National
Centre of Reference for Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems, INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, Firenze50121, Italy
| | - Antonietta Pepe
- Department
of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano
10, Potenza85100, Italy
| | - Brigida Bochicchio
- Department
of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano
10, Potenza85100, Italy
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Isolation and characterization of nanocellulose from selected hardwoods, viz., Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. and Casuarina equisetifolia L., by steam explosion method. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1199. [PMID: 36681725 PMCID: PMC9867748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraction of nanocellulose is challenging, especially from hardwoods due to its complex chemical structure as well as structural hierarchy. In this study, nanocellulose was isolated from wood pulp of two hardwood species, namely Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. and Casuarina equisetifolia L. by steam explosion process. Pure cellulose wood pulp was obtained through Kraft pulping process followed by alkaline and bleaching pre-treatments. Isolated nanocellulose was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) Spectra, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Nanocellulose obtained from both species showed non-significant difference with average diameter of 27.801 nm for eucalyptus and 28.690 nm for casuarina, which was confirmed from TEM and AFM images. FTIR spectra of nanocellulose showed prominent peaks corresponding to cellulose and absence of peaks corresponding to lignin. The elemental purity of nanocellulose was confirmed with EDAX detector. XRD analysis showed the enrichment of crystalline cellulose in nanocellulose, and also confirmed the significant conversion of cellulose I to cellulose II. During TG analysis the untreated fibres started to degrade earlier than the nanocellulose which indicated the higher thermal stability of nanocellulose. Highly entangled network like structure along with high aspect ratio make the nanofibres a versatile material for reinforcing the composites. This successful method can be replicated for industrial level production of cellulose nanofibres.
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Vitalis F, Muncan J, Anantawittayanon S, Kovacs Z, Tsenkova R. Aquaphotomics Monitoring of Lettuce Freshness during Cold Storage. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020258. [PMID: 36673350 PMCID: PMC9858011 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fresh-cut leafy vegetables are one of the most perishable products because they readily deteriorate in quality even during cold storage and have a relatively short shelf life. Since these products are in high demand, methods for rigorous quality control and estimation of freshness that are rapid and non-destructive would be highly desirable. The objective of the present research was to develop a rapid, non-destructive near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-based method for the evaluation of changes during cold storage of lettuce using an aquaphotomics approach to monitor the water molecular structure in lettuce leaves. The reference measurements showed that after 6 days of dark, cold storage, the weight and water activity of lettuce leaves decreased and β-carotene decreased, while chlorophylls slightly increased. Aquaphotomics characterization showed large differences in the lettuce leaves' spectra depending on their growth zone. Difference spectra, principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) confirmed the differences in the inner and outer leaves and revealed that spectra change as a function of storage time. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) allowed the prediction of the time spent in storage with a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.80 and standard error of RMSE = 0.77 days for inner, and R2 = 0.86 and RMSE = 0.66 days for outer leaves, respectively. The following water absorbance bands were found to provide the most information in the spectra: 1348, 1360, 1373, 1385, 1391, 1410, 1416, 1422, 1441, 1447, 1453, 1466, 1472, 1490, 1503, 1515, 1521, 1534 and 1571 nm. They were further used as water matrix coordinates (WAMACs) to define the water spectral patterns (WASPs) of lettuce leaves. The WASPs of leaves served to succinctly describe the state of lettuces during storage. The changes in WASPs during storage reveled moisture loss, damage to cell walls and expulsion of intracellular water, as well as loss of free and weakly hydrogen-bonded water, all leading to a loss of juiciness. The WASPs also showed that damage stimulated the defense mechanisms and production of vitamin C. The leaves at the end of the storage period were characterized by water strongly bound to collapsed structural elements of leaf tissues, mainly cellulose, leading to a loss of firmness that was more pronounced in the outer leaves. All of this information was reflected in the changes of absorbance in the identified WAMACs, showing that the water molecular structure of lettuce leaves accurately reflects the state of the lettuce during storage and that WASPs can be used as a multidimensional biomarker to monitor changes during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Vitalis
- Department of Measurements and Process Control, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Somlói Street 14-16, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jelena Muncan
- Aquaphotomics Research Department, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Sukritta Anantawittayanon
- Aquaphotomics Research Department, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Zoltan Kovacs
- Department of Measurements and Process Control, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Somlói Street 14-16, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Roumiana Tsenkova
- Aquaphotomics Research Department, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-78-803-5911
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Soury R, Teka S, Alenezi KM, Jabli M. Characterization and application of ligno-cellulosic fibers derived from Robinia Pseudoacacia for the bio-sorption of methylene blue from water. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022:1-12. [PMID: 36576064 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2158782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ligno-cellulosic biomasses had been recognized for their potential use to produce chemicals and biomaterials. The current study focused on the use of a new cellulosic Robinia Pseudoacacia fiber and extracted lignin as adsorbents for methylene blue (a cationic dye). The biomaterials were analyzed using FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM, XRD, and TGA-DTA techniques. The surface of Robinia fibers was rough and porous. The crystallinity index (CrI) value for Robinia fibers was found to be 32%. The ability of the studied samples to remove methylene blue from water was assessed under the variation of time, pH, dye concentration, temperature, and NaCl concentration. The maximum adsorption capacity of methylene blue reached 191 mg/g for Robinia fibers and it achieved 22 mg/g for the extracted lignin (T = 20 °C, pH = 6, and time = 90 min). The adsorption data complied with the pseudo second-order kinetic model and both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Based on these findings, the process suggested the occurrence of many physicochemical interactions between methylene blue molecules and the studied biomaterials. The adsorption mechanism was exothermic, non-spontaneous, and it was described by the decrease of the disorder. Adsorption results proved that Robinia fiber was an attractive candidate for the removal of cationic dyes from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoudha Soury
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safa Teka
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf M Alenezi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahjoub Jabli
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
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A Low-Density Cellulose Rich New Natural Fiber Extracted from the Bark of Jack Tree Branches and Its Characterizations. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Keskin ZS, Mine Şenol Z, Kaya S, Şimşek S. Prunus mahaleb shell as a sustainable bioresource for carminic acid removal from aqueous solution: Experimental and theoretical studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Gold Mine Wooden Artefacts: Multianalytical Investigations for the Selection of Appropriate Consolidation Treatments. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165228. [PMID: 36014467 PMCID: PMC9413467 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental conditions present in mines generally are very favourable to decay; high temperature, high humidity, variable oxygen content, numerous metal-wood connections and the presence of a high content of inorganic compounds typical of mines have a significant impact on the biotic and abiotic degradation factors. The state of conservation of wooden artefacts from the Złoty Stok (Poland) gold mine was investigated using a multi-analytical approach. The aim was to select the conservation treatments that would stop decay and improve the conditions and dimensional stability of the wood. FT-IR and Py-GC/MS were used to assess the state of preservation of lignocellulosic material. ED-XRF and SEM-EDS were used to determine—and XRD to identify crystalline phases—salts and minerals in the wood structure or efflorescence on the surface. Highly degraded lignocellulosic material that had undergone depolymerisation and oxidation was found to be severely contaminated by iron-based mineral substances, mainly pyrite, and in some cases greigite and magnetite. The presence of inorganic salts made it difficult to choose the best consolidating material to reduce the level of decay and improve the dimensional stability of the wood.
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ALHAJALİ O, ALİ - NİZAM A, ALMOSTAFA R. Application of Pistacia atlantica Leaves Powder as Natural Material To Remove Nitrate and Phosphate Ions From Domestic Wastewater by Characterization, Bio-removal, and Phytotoxicity Studies. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1026262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of Pistacia atlantica Leaves Powder as Natural Material To Remove Nitrate and Phosphate Ions From Domestic Wastewater by Characterization, Bio-removal, and Phytotoxicity StudiesObaida Alhajali1* , Adnan Ali-Nizam1 , Rasha Almostafa2 1Damascus University, Department of Plant Biology, Damascus, Syria.2International University for Science and Technology, Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, Syria. Abstract: Description of Pistacia leaves powder using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), specific surface area according to nitrogen adsorption (SBET) and methylene Blue (MB), and point of zero charge determination (pHpzc). A series of batch adsorption tests were conducted to study effect of various factors (plant powders dose, contact time, temperature, pH) on the percentage of nitrate and phosphate removal from domestic wastewater. The adsorption kinetics, regeneration ability test of plant powder, and phytotoxicity tests for treated water and spent powder on germination were studied. Results of SBET analysis showed that Pistacia leaves powders have a low surface area and microscopic pores, SEM images revealed rough surfaces with uneven cavities, EDX analysis showed that there are high percentages of carbon and oxygen, good percentages for nitrogen, and few percentages of potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, sulfur and chlorine, and FTIR analysis showed that there are more than five distinct absorption peaks. The maximum value of nitrate and phosphate removal was 76.47% and 52.20%, respectively, at powder dose of 2 g/L, temperature 25 °C, and pH 5, and the percentage of nitrate and phosphate removal increased with increasing contact time until equilibrium was reached after 120 min for nitrate and 180 min for phosphate, and It was found that adsorption of ions follows kinetics of reaction from pseudo-second-order model, and powders can be Regeneration and used for two successive cycles with a slight decrease in removal efficiency. Germination tests on Lepidium sativum indicate no phytotoxicity. That is, Pistacia leaves powder is one of the natural products that are effective in removing nitrate and phosphate from domestic wastewater.
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Ali N, Abbas S, Cao Y, Fazal H, Zhu J, Lai CW, Zai J, Qian X. Low cost, robust, environmentally friendly, wood supported 3D-hierarchical Cu 3SnS 4 for efficient solar powered steam generation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 615:707-715. [PMID: 35168019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Solar steam generation has great potential in alleviating freshwater crises, particularly in regions with accessible seawater and abundant insolation. Inexpensive, efficient, and eco-friendly photothermal materials are desired to fabricate sunlight-driven evaporation devices. Here, we have designed an economical strategy to fabricate a high-performance wood-based solar steam generation device. In current study, 3D-hierarchical Cu3SnS4 has been loaded on wood substrates of variable sizes via an in-situ solvothermal method. Considering the water transportation capacity and thermal insulation property of wood, an enhanced light absorption was achieved by a uniform coating of Cu3SnS4 on the inside and outside of the 3D porous structure of the wood. Thanks for the synergistic effect of Cu3SnS4 and wood substrate, the obtained composite endorsed high-performance solar steam generation with a steam generation efficiency of 90% and an evaporation rate as high as 1.35 kg m-2h-1 under one sun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazakat Ali
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Saghir Abbas
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yucai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Polyolefins and Catalysis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Catalysis Technology for Polyolefins, Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hira Fazal
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jun Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, 28 East Jiangchuan Rd, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Chin Wei Lai
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute For Advanced Studies (IAS), University of Malaya, 3rd Floor, Block A, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jiantao Zai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Polyolefins and Catalysis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Catalysis Technology for Polyolefins, Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Xuefeng Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
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Yuan Y, Chen C, Wang X, Shen S, Guo X, Chen X, Yang F, Li X. A novel accessory protein ArCel5 from cellulose-gelatinizing fungus Arthrobotrys sp. CX1. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:27. [PMID: 38647580 PMCID: PMC10991334 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved understanding of cellulose swelling mechanism is beneficial for increasing the hydrolysis efficiency of cellulosic substrates. Here, we report a family 5 glycoside hydrolase ArCel5 isolated from the cellulose-gelatinizing fungus Arthrobotrys sp. CX1. ArCel5 exhibited low specific hydrolysis activity and high cellulose swelling capability, which suggested that this protein might function as an accessory protein. Homology modeling glycosylation detection revealed that ArCel5 is a multi-domain protein including a family 1 carbohydrate-binding module, a glycosylation linker, and a catalytic domain. The adsorption capacity, structural changes and hydrature index of filter paper treated by different ArCel5 mutants demonstrated that CBM1 and linker played an essential role in recognizing, binding and decrystallizing cellulosic substrates, which further encouraged the synergistic action between ArCel5 and cellulases. Notably, glycosylation modification further strengthened the function of the linker region. Overall, our study provides insight into the cellulose decrystallization mechanism by a novel accessory protein ArCel5 that will benefit future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingziqu, Dalian, 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunshu Chen
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingziqu, Dalian, 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingziqu, Dalian, 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaonian Shen
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingziqu, Dalian, 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingziqu, Dalian, 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingziqu, Dalian, 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingziqu, Dalian, 116034, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianzhen Li
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingziqu, Dalian, 116034, People's Republic of China.
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Bilska-Kos A, Pietrusińska A, Suski S, Niedziela A, Linkiewicz AM, Majtkowski W, Żurek G, Zebrowski J. Cell Wall Properties Determine Genotype-Specific Response to Cold in Miscanthus × giganteus Plants. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030547. [PMID: 35159356 PMCID: PMC8834381 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell wall plays a crucial role in plant growth and development, including in response to environmental factors, mainly through significant biochemical and biomechanical plasticity. The involvement of the cell wall in C4 plants’ response to cold is, however, still poorly understood. Miscanthus × giganteus, a perennial grass, is generally considered cold tolerant and, in contrast to other thermophilic species such as maize or sorgo, can maintain a relatively high level of photosynthesis efficiency at low ambient temperatures. This unusual response to chilling among C4 plants makes Miscanthus an interesting study object in cold acclimation mechanism research. Using the results obtained from employing a diverse range of techniques, including analysis of plasmodesmata ultrastructure by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and biomechanical tests coupled with photosynthetic parameters measurements, we present evidence for the implication of the cell wall in genotype-specific responses to cold in this species. The observed reduction in the assimilation rate and disturbance of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in the susceptible M3 genotype under cold conditions was associated with changes in the ultrastructure of the plasmodesmata, i.e., a constriction of the cytoplasmic sleeve in the central region of the microchannel at the mesophyll–bundle sheath interface. Moreover, this cold susceptible genotype was characterized by enhanced tensile stiffness, strength of leaf wall material, and a less altered biochemical profile of the cell wall, revealed by FTIR spectroscopy, compared to cold tolerant genotypes. These changes indicate that a decline in photosynthetic activity may result from a decrease in leaf CO2 conductance due to the formation of more compact and thicker cell walls and that an enhanced tolerance to cold requires biochemical wall remodelling. Thus, the well-established trade-off between photosynthetic capacity and leaf biomechanics found across multiple species in ecological research may also be a relevant factor in Miscanthus’ tolerance to cold. In this paper, we demonstrate that M. giganteus genotypes showing a high degree of genetic similarity may respond differently to cold stress if exposed at earlier growing seasons to various temperature regimes, which has implications for the cell wall modifications patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bilska-Kos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-733-45-41
| | - Aleksandra Pietrusińska
- National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland;
| | - Szymon Suski
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Niedziela
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland;
| | - Anna M. Linkiewicz
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland;
- Genetically Modified Organisms Controlling Laboratory, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Majtkowski
- Botanical Garden, National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Jeździecka 5, 85-867 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Żurek
- Department of Bioenergetics, Quality Analysis and Seed Science, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland;
| | - Jacek Zebrowski
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszów, Aleja Rejtana 16c, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
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Lilo T, Morais CL, Shenton C, Ray A, Gurusinghe N. Revising Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy towards brain cancer detection. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102785. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Gupta BS, Jelle BP, Gao T. In vitro cell composition identification of wood decay fungi by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:201935. [PMID: 35127108 PMCID: PMC8808097 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Decay pathogens follow dissimilar metabolic mechanisms to cause irreversible damage to woody tissues. The objective of this study is to perform inter- and intra-species microbial cell structural comparison using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Representative fungi species, causing brown rot and white rot, namely, Postia placenta and Trametes versicolor, respectively, were cultured in laboratory conditions. In vitro spectral measurements were performed at periodic two week intervals of fungal growth. The study shows structural differences for both species of fungi. The prominent presence of protein amide, carbohydrate and carboxyl bands was of interest. Spectral deconvolution of the infrared broadband around approximately 3300 cm-1 produced peaks at four different wavenumbers. The hydrogen bond energy obtained at the four wavenumbers, from deconvolution, varied from approximately 41 kJ mol-1 to approximately 7 kJ mol-1, indicating the presence of strong and weak forces in microbial cell structure. The hydrogen bond distance, obtained at the deconvoluted wavenumbers, varied between 2.7 Å-2.8 Å, indicating the presence of short and long-distance forces within microbial cells. Microscopic observation showed mycelium colonization, hyphal tip and lateral branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barun Shankar Gupta
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 7A, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Petter Jelle
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 7A, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tao Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 7A, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Dal Fovo A, Striova J, Quintero Balbas D, Mattana S, Tacconi N, Cicchi R, Fontana R. Nonlinear imaging and vibrational spectroscopic analysis of cellulosic fibres treated with COEX® flame-retardant for tapestry preservation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26744-26752. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02384a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This innovative approach, based on SHG/TPEF imaging and vibrational spectroscopic techniques, investigates the effect of flame-retardant COEX® treatment on flax and cotton fibres by relating micrometric structural properties to the chemical changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Dal Fovo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (CNR-INO), Largo Enrico Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Jana Striova
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (CNR-INO), Largo Enrico Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Diego Quintero Balbas
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (CNR-INO), Largo Enrico Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Sara Mattana
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (CNR-INO), Largo Enrico Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Niccolò Tacconi
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale delle Idee 24, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cicchi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (CNR-INO), Largo Enrico Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Raffaella Fontana
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (CNR-INO), Largo Enrico Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy
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Experimental and Statistical Analysis of Saw Mill Wood Waste Composite Properties for Practical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13224038. [PMID: 34833336 PMCID: PMC8623938 DOI: 10.3390/polym13224038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of composite materials is increasing at a growing rate in almost all types of products, due to their strength-to-stiffness ratio. From this perspective, natural waste composites, i.e., wood waste composites, have also been investigated for their effective and sustainable employment. This paper deals with the application of hard and soft wood waste (i.e., acacia and cedar wood) with epoxy resin polymer to develop high strength and thermally stable wood composites. Mechanical (tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness) and thermal properties of samples are studied using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), respectively. The properties are evaluated by varying the type of wood waste and its percentage by weight. Based on the Taguchi Orthogonal Array Mixture Design, eighteen experiments are investigated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results show that wood waste type and wood waste content have a significant effect on all mechanical properties. From the TGA analysis, it is predicted that both types of wood waste composites exhibit similar thermal-induced degradation profiles in terms of the initial and final degradation temperatures. From the DSC results, higher glass transition temperature Tg is detected in 10% of the hardwood waste composite, and a reducing tendency of glass transition temperature Tg is observed with exceeding wood waste content. Moreover, hardwood waste at 10% demonstrated improved decomposition temperature Td, due to strong adhesion between waste and matrix.
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The Effects of Iron Rust on the Ageing of Woods and Their Derived Pulp Paper. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203483. [PMID: 34685242 PMCID: PMC8537420 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The accelerated ageing of wood in terms of heating or iron rusting has a potential effect on the physio-mechanical, chemical and biological properties of wood. The effects of accelerated ageing on the mechanical, physical and fungal activity properties of some wood materials (Schinus terebinthifolius, Erythrina humeana, Tectona grandis, Pinus rigida and Juglans nigra) were studied after several cycles of heating and iron rusting. The fungal activity was assayed against the growth of Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium culmorum and Stemphylium solani. In addition, the mechanical and optical properties of paper sheets produced from those wood pulps by means of Kraft cooking were evaluated. The mechanical and chemical properties of the studied wood species were affected significantly (p < 0.05) by the accelerated ageing, compared to control woods. With Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, we detected an increase in the intensity of the spectra of the functional groups of cellulose in the heated samples, which indicates an increase in cellulose content and decrease in lignin content, compared to other chemical compounds. For pulp properties, woods treated by heating showed a decrease in the pulp yield. The highest significant values of tensile strength were observed in pulp paper produced from untreated, heated and iron-rusted P. rigida wood and they were 69.66, 65.66 and 68.33 N·m/g, respectively; we calculated the tear resistance from pulp paper of untreated P. rigida (8.68 mN·m2/g) and T. grandis (7.83 mN·m2/g) and rusted P. rigida (7.56 mN·m2/g) wood; we obtained the values of the burst strength of the pulp paper of untreated woods of P. rigida (8.19 kPa·m2/g) and T. grandis (7.49 kPa·m2/g), as well as the fold number of the pulp paper of untreated, heated and rusted woods from P. rigida, with values of 195.66, 186.33 and 185.66, respectively. After 14 days from the incubation, no fungal inhibition zones were observed. Accelerated ageing (heated or iron-rusted) produced significant effects on the mechanical and chemical properties of the studied wood species and affected the properties of the produced pulp paper.
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Insight into the Effects of Solvent Treatment of Natural Fibers Prior to Structural Composite Casting: Chemical, Physical and Mechanical Evaluation. FIBERS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fib9090054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents an optimized washing protocol for as-received natural fibers, prior to large-scale composite manufacturing, for the structural strengthening of historic masonry. The aim was to achieve a simple protocol for standard cleaning of fiber surfaces from low molecular weight constituents that may be detrimental towards interfacial strength without damaging the fibers. The proposed procedure employs the application of the solvent sequence: ethanol, acetone, hexane, with optimized incubation times and stirring conditions. Additionally, this procedure may change the surface of the fiber, thereby enhancing the durability of the fiber-matrix interface. The washing protocol resulted in an increase of tensile strength by 56%, 52% and 22% for flax, hemp and sisal fibers, respectively, as compared to the corresponding non-washed fibers, without loss of elongation. The static contact angle measurements confirmed exposure of a higher fraction of the hydrophilic crystalline cellulose, with a higher wettability observed after washing protocols.
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Chen Z, Zhang S, Ding M, Wang M, Xu X. Construction of a Phytic Acid-Silica System in Wood for Highly Efficient Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4164. [PMID: 34361358 PMCID: PMC8347795 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic flammability of wood restricts its application in various fields. In this study, we constructed a phytic acid (PA)-silica hybrid system in wood by a vacuum-pressure impregnation process to improve its flame retardancy and smoke suppression. The system was derived from a simple mixture of PA and silica sol. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated an incorporation of the PA molecules into the silica network. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis showed that the system greatly enhanced the char yield of wood from 1.5% to 32.1% (in air) and the thermal degradation rates were decreased. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the PA/silica-nanosol-treated wood was 47.3%. Cone calorimetry test (CCT) was conducted, which revealed large reductions in the heat release rate and smoke production rate. The appearance of the second heat release peak was delayed, indicating the enhanced thermal stability of the char residue. The mechanism underlying flame retardancy was analyzed by field-emission scanning electron microscope coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), FTIR, and TG-FTIR. The improved flame retardancy and smoke-suppression property of the wood are mainly attributed to the formation of an intact and coherent char residue with crosslinked structures, which can protect against the transfer of heat and mass (flammable gases, smoke) during burning. Moreover, the hybrid system did not significantly alter the mechanical properties of wood, such as compressive strength and hardness. This approach can be extended to fabricate other phosphorus and silicon materials for enhancing the fire safety of wood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mingzhi Wang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (M.D.); (X.X.)
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Rheology, Hydration, and Microstructure of Portland Cement Pastes Produced with Ground Açaí Fibers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11073036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Açaí (Euterpe oleracea) is a Brazilian typical fruit that is enveloped by natural fibers. This work investigated the effect of incorporating ground açaí fibers (in natura and chemically treated with NaOH and HCl) in 5–10 wt.% replacement of Portland cement on the rheology, hydration, and microstructure of pastes. Rotational rheometry, isothermal calorimetry, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were performed to evaluate the cement pastes, in addition to SEM-EDS, FTIR, zeta potential, and XRD for fiber characterization. The results showed that the chemical treatment reduced the cellulose and lignin contents in açaí fibers while increasing its surface roughness. The addition of 5% of either fiber slightly increased the yield stress and viscosity of paste, while 10% addition drastically increased these properties, reaching yield stress and viscosity values respectively 40 and 8 times higher than those of plain paste. The incorporation of 5% in natura fibers delayed the cement hydration by about 2.5 days while 10% in natura fibers delayed it by over 160 h. The chemical treatment significantly reduced this retarding effect, leading to a 3 h delay when 5% treated fibers were incorporated. Overall, the combined NaOH/HCl treatment was effective for açaí fibers functionalization and these fibers can be used in cementitious composites.
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Ammar C, El-Ghoul Y, Jabli M. Characterization and valuable use of Calotropis gigantea seedpods as a biosorbent of methylene blue. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 23:1085-1094. [PMID: 33511852 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1876629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, powdered Calotropis gigantea seedpods were characterized and used as biosorbents of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution. FT-IR spectroscopy demonstrated functional groups characteristics of cellulose. Steric exclusion chromatography donated an average molecular weight of 230 kg/mol of the biopolymer. The polymolecularity index value (1.95) proved the good homogeneity of the polysaccharide. Scanning electron microscopy features displayed a homogenous morphology and porous structure. X-ray diffraction patterns showed peaks characteristics of cellulose and non-cellulose compositions. Thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis displayed exothermal decompositions at 316.9 °C and 456 °C. The maximum biosorption capacity of methylene blue was 88.36 mg/g at pH = 6, time = 60 min, and T = 21 °C. The level was comparable to some other studied agricultural wastes. The adsorption mechanism followed pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models. As it is abundant, available, low-cost, and easily recovered from solution, C. gigantea seedpods could be used as an effective biomaterial for the removal of organic pollutants from contaminated waters. Novelty statement: An abundant, available, and low-cost Calotropis gigantea seedpod was used, for the first time, as an effective biomaterial for the biosorption of organic pollutants. The biosorption level was found to be comparable to some other agricultural wastes studied previously in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiraz Ammar
- Department of Fashion Design, College of Design, Qassim University, Al Fayziyyah Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Textile Engineering Laboratory, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Yassine El-Ghoul
- Textile Engineering Laboratory, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahjoub Jabli
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
- Textile Materials and Processes Research Unit, Tunisia National Engineering School of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Sasimowski E, Majewski Ł, Grochowicz M. Efficiency of Twin-Screw Extrusion of Biodegradable Poly (Butylene Succinate)-Wheat Bran Blend. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:424. [PMID: 33467119 PMCID: PMC7829807 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Unmodified poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) is characterized by very good processability; however, after the incorporation of various fillers of plant origin, its processing becomes much more complicated and its properties are significantly affected. Detailed studies of the processing aspects of PBS/wheat bran (WB) biocomposition are lacking, despite the addition of WB having a significant impact on both the production efficiency and the properties of end products. This research paper presents test results of the co-rotating twin-screw extrusion processing of a biodegradable polymer blend, the matrix of which was PBS, with WB as the filler. In undertaking this task, we examined the impact of extruder screw rotational speed and WB content on the characteristics of extrusion processing, as well as on certain thermal, physical, structural and processing properties of the obtained blend. The WB introduced to the blend was in the form of a selected fraction with particles smaller than 0.2 mm. The measurements were conducted using the Design of Experiment (DOE) methods, which enabled establishing the studied relationships in the form of polynomials and response surfaces. The determined extrusion process characteristics covered the impact of screw rotational speed and WB content on the mass flow rate of the processed blend and its pressure, the screw drive torque and specific energy consumption. The studies of the obtained polymer blend included determining the impact of the aforementioned variable factors on the melt flow rate (MFR) index, chemical structure (FTIR), thermal properties (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG)), p-v-T relationships, microstructure, density and moisture absorbance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the effect of individual variable factors. The results of this work are presented, inter alia, using Pareto charts of standardized effects, which illustrate the influence of individual terms of the determined regression equations on the studied quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Sasimowski
- Department of Technology and Polymer Processing, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Majewski
- Department of Technology and Polymer Processing, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marta Grochowicz
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-614 Lublin, Poland;
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Sankar Panda S, Kumar Bisaria S, Singh M. The spectroscopic and microscopic evaluation of cellulose used in conservation of archival materials. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Opálková Šišková A, Dvorák T, Šimonová Baranyaiová T, Šimon E, Eckstein Andicsová A, Švajdlenková H, Opálek A, Krížik P, Nosko M. Simple and Eco-Friendly Route from Agro-Food Waste to Water Pollutants Removal. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E5424. [PMID: 33260595 PMCID: PMC7730895 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The current study reflects the demand to mitigate the environmental issues caused by the waste from the agriculture and food industry. The crops that do not meet the supply chain requirements and waste from their processing are overfilling landfills. The mentioned wastes contain cellulose, which is the most abundant carbon precursor. Therefore, one of the possibilities of returning such waste into the life cycle could be preparing the activated carbon through an eco-friendly and simple route. Herein, the carrot pulp from the waste was used. Techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis (EA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to investigate the thermal treatment effect during the carbon material preparation. The development of microstructure, phase formation, and chemical composition of prepared material was evaluated. The obtained carbon material was finally tested for water cleaning from a synthetic pollutant such as rhodamine B and phloxine B. An adsorption mechanism was proposed on the base of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) results and attributed to the responsible interactions. It was shown that a significant carbon sorbent from the organic waste for water purification was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Opálková Šišková
- Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84513 Bratislava, Slovakia; (T.D.); (E.Š.); (A.O.); (P.K.); (M.N.)
- Polymer Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.E.A.); (H.Š.)
| | - Tomáš Dvorák
- Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84513 Bratislava, Slovakia; (T.D.); (E.Š.); (A.O.); (P.K.); (M.N.)
| | - Tímea Šimonová Baranyaiová
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84536 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Erik Šimon
- Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84513 Bratislava, Slovakia; (T.D.); (E.Š.); (A.O.); (P.K.); (M.N.)
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84511 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anita Eckstein Andicsová
- Polymer Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.E.A.); (H.Š.)
| | - Helena Švajdlenková
- Polymer Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.E.A.); (H.Š.)
| | - Andrej Opálek
- Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84513 Bratislava, Slovakia; (T.D.); (E.Š.); (A.O.); (P.K.); (M.N.)
| | - Peter Krížik
- Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84513 Bratislava, Slovakia; (T.D.); (E.Š.); (A.O.); (P.K.); (M.N.)
| | - Martin Nosko
- Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84513 Bratislava, Slovakia; (T.D.); (E.Š.); (A.O.); (P.K.); (M.N.)
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Al-Ghamdi YO, Jabli M, Soury R, Ali Khan S. A Cellulosic Fruit Derived from Nerium oleander Biomaterial: Chemical Characterization and Its Valuable Use in the Biosorption of Methylene Blue in a Batch Mode. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112539. [PMID: 33142972 PMCID: PMC7693694 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose substrate waste has demonstrated great potential as a biosorbent of pollutants from contaminated water. In this study, Neriumoleander fruit, an agricultural waste biomaterial, was used for the biosorption of methylene blue from synthetic solution. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated the presence of the main absorption peak characteristics of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin compositions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern exhibited peaks at 2θ = 14.9° and 2θ = 22°, which are characteristics of cellulose I. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a rough and heterogeneous surface intercepted by some cavities. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed more than a thermal decomposition point, suggesting that Nerium fruit is composed of cellulose and noncellulosic matters. The pHpzc value of Nerium surface was experimentally determined to be 6.2. Nerium dosage, pH, contact time, dye concentration, and temperature significantly affected the adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity reached 259 mg/g at 19 °C. The mean free energy ranged from 74.53 to 84.52 KJ mol−1, suggesting a chemisorption process. Thermodynamic parameters define a chemical, exothermic, and nonspontaneous mechanism. The above data suggest that Nerium fruit can be used as an excellent biomaterial for practical purification of water without the need to impart chemical functionalization on its surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef O. Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahjoub Jabli
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Raoudha Soury
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science of Hail, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shahid Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23561, Pakistan;
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Sasimowski E, Majewski Ł, Grochowicz M. Analysis of Selected Properties of Biocomposites Based on Polyethylene with a Natural Origin Filler. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4182. [PMID: 32962286 PMCID: PMC7560486 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The study investigates the effect of the content and size of wheat bran grains on selected properties of a lignocellulosic biocomposite on a polyethylene matrix. The biocomposite samples were made by injection method of low-density polyethylene with 5%, 10% and 15% by weight of wheat bran. Three bran fractions with grain sizes <0.4 mm, 0.4-0.6 mm and 0.6-0.8 mm were used. The properties of the mouldings (after primary shrinkage) were examined after their 2.5-year natural aging period. Processing properties, such as MFR (mass flow rate) and processing shrinkage, were determined. Selected physical, mechanical and structural properties of the produced biocomposite samples were tested. The results allowed the determination of the influence of both the content of bran and the size of its grains on such properties of the biocomposite as: color, gloss, processing shrinkage, tensile strength, MFR mass flow rate, chemical structure (FTIR), thermal properties (DSC, TG), p-v-T relationship. The tests did not show any deterioration of the mechanical characteristics of the tested composites after natural aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Sasimowski
- Department of Technology and Polymer Processing, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 36 Nadbystrzycka Street, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Majewski
- Department of Technology and Polymer Processing, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 36 Nadbystrzycka Street, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marta Grochowicz
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, 33 Gliniana Street, 20-614 Lublin, Poland;
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Impact of Steaming Mode on Chemical Characteristics and Colour of Birch Wood. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11040478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the changes of the chemical components in birch wood (Betula pendula Roth) caused by steaming with saturated steam at three temperatures—105 °C, 125 °C and 135 °C. In the samples of the original wood and wood after steaming, select chemical characteristics were determined, and wood, isolated holocellulose and Seiferts’s cellulose were analysed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The greatest changes in the birch wood characteristics were observed in steaming mode III (135 °C). The differential spectra of the birch wood samples indicated that the hemicelluloses were significantly degraded and that the dehydration reactions were able to proceed. A clear increase in both unconjugated and conjugated carbonyls was seen only in mode III. The findings also confirmed the greater sensitivity of the guaiacyl lignin contained in broadleaves to elevated steaming temperatures, as well as the course of the thermal oxidation reactions and the formation of new carboxyls in mode III. The decrease in the ratio of absorbances H 1732/2900 and H 1243/2900 demonstrated the cleavage of acyl (acetyl and formyl) groups from birch wood hemicelluloses. The qualitative and quantitative changes of the hemicelluloses and extractive substances in birch wood during steaming were well-correlated with the measured pH values and wood colour.
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Gregory SA, McGettigan CP, McGuinness EK, Rodin DM, Yee SK, Losego MD. Single-Cycle Atomic Layer Deposition on Bulk Wood Lumber for Managing Moisture Content, Mold Growth, and Thermal Conductivity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:1633-1641. [PMID: 32052971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wood is a universal building material. While highly versatile, many of its critical properties vary with water content (e.g., dimensionality, mechanical strength, and thermal insulation). Treatments to control the water content in wood have many technological applications. This study investigates the use of single-cycle atomic layer deposition (1cy-ALD) to apply <1 nm Al2O3, ZnO, or TiO2 coatings to various bulk lumber species (pine, cedar, and poplar) to alter their wettability, fungicidal, and thermal transport properties. Because the 1cy-ALD process only requires a single exposure to the precursors, it is potentially scalable for commodity product manufacturing. While all ALD chemistries are found to make the wood's surface hydrophobic, wood treated with TiO2 (TiCl4 + H2O) shows the greatest bulk water repellency upon full immersion in water. In situ monitoring of the chamber reaction pressure suggests that the TiCl4 + H2O chemistry follows reaction-rate-limited processing kinetics that enables deeper diffusion of the precursors into the wood's fibrous structure. Consequently, in humid or moist environments, 1cy-ALD (TiCl4 + H2O) treated lumber shows a 4 times smaller increase in thermal conductivity and improved resistance to mold growth compared to untreated lumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn A Gregory
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Connor P McGettigan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Emily K McGuinness
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - David Misha Rodin
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Shannon K Yee
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Mark D Losego
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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da Silva Braga R, Poletto M. Preparation and Characterization of Hemicellulose Films from Sugarcane Bagasse. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13040941. [PMID: 32093209 PMCID: PMC7079596 DOI: 10.3390/ma13040941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hemicellulose is one of the most common polysaccharides found in nature. Its use as a green and sustainable raw material for industries is desirable. In this work, an alkaline-alcoholic method was used to extract hemicelluloses from sugarcane bagasse. After extraction, films with 2%, 3% and 4% (w/v) hemicellulose were produced. The films’ morphology, thickness, water solubility, tensile properties and thermal stability were evaluated. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) results reveal that the method used removes the hemicellulose from bagasse with a low concentration of lignin. The films presented a compact and dense structure with uniformity in thickness associated with higher solubility in water. The increase in hemicellulose content increased tensile strength, but reduced the tensile strain of the films. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the increase in hemicellulose content reduced the films’ thermal stability. Thus, these films may act as useful, biodegradable and environmentally friendly materials for engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta da Silva Braga
- Chemical Engineering, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Brazil;
| | - Matheus Poletto
- Postgraduate Program in Engineering of Processes and Technologies (PGEPROTEC), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Syrine L, Jabli M, Abdessalem SB, Almalki SG. FT-IR spectroscopy and morphological study of functionalized cellulosic fibers: Evaluation of their dyeing properties using biological Pistacia vera hulls by-product extract. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 145:1106-1114. [PMID: 31730958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The repulsion between cellulose and anionic entities could be overcome by imparting cationic sites on its structure. In this work, we studied the treatment of cotton fabric with different amounts of chitosan bio-polymer (0.0125-0.075%), dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and diallylamin co-polymer (1-5%), alum (0.5-20 g/L), and sodium chloride (2-40 g/L) in order to improve their dyeing behaviors with an ecological extract of Pistacia vera hulls by-products. The chemical modification of the cellulosic fibers was confirmed using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The unmodified and modified cellulosic samples were, then, dyed with Pistacia vera extract. The dyeing characteristics were assessed through the measurements of the color coordinates and the color strength. Results showed that the dyeing performance followed the order: Cotton-dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and diallylamin co-polymer (K/S = 9.6) > Cotton-Chitosan (K/S = 8.97) > Cotton-Alum (8.84) > Cotton-NaCl (K/S = 6.06) > Untreated cotton (K/S = 1.98). All dyed samples exhibited good fastness to washing, rubbing and light. Overall, it has shown in this study that the functionalization of cellulose structure could greatly improve its dyeing behavior depending on the cationic sites number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ltaief Syrine
- Textile Materials and Processes Research Unit, Tunisia National Engineering School of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mahjoub Jabli
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Al-zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; Textile Materials and Processes Research Unit, Tunisia National Engineering School of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Saber Ben Abdessalem
- Textile Materials and Processes Research Unit, Tunisia National Engineering School of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sami G Almalki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Al-zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biology, College of Science Al-zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
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Examining the Mechanical and Thermomechanical Properties of Polymethylmethacrylate Composites Reinforced with Nettle Fibres. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-019-04136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Kwon GJ, Han SY, Park CW, Park JS, Lee EA, Kim NH, Alle M, Bandi R, Lee SH. Adsorption Characteristics of Ag Nanoparticles on Cellulose Nanofibrils with Different Chemical Compositions. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E164. [PMID: 31936376 PMCID: PMC7023221 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The adsorption characteristics of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were investigated herein with different chemical compositions. Pure cellulose nanofibers (PCNFs), lignocellulose nanofibers (LCNFs) with different lignin contents (LCNF-20% and LCNF-31%), and holocellulose nanofibers (HCNFs) with hemicellulose were used in this study. Furthermore, CNFs and silver nitrate were mixed and reacted at different temperatures, and NaBH4 was used as the reducing agent. First, the effect of temperature on the adsorption of AgNPs on PCNF was studied. At an optimal temperature (45 °C), the effect of the chemical composition of CNF was studied. The overall properties were analyzed using UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The AgNPs were found to be spherical under all conditions with average diameter of 5.3 nm (PCNF), 5.6 nm (HCNF), 6.3 nm (LCNF-20%) and 6.6 nm (LCNF-31%). The amount of AgNPs adsorbed on the CNF was observed to vary, based on the chemical composition of the CNF. The adsorption amount of AgNPs was observed to increase in the order of LCNF-20% > PCNF > LCNF-31% > HCNF. The results indicated that phenolic hydroxyl groups present in LCNF significantly affected the adsorption of AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu-Joong Kwon
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-Si, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea;
| | - Song-Yi Han
- Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea; (S.-Y.H.); (C.-W.P.); (J.-S.P.); (E.-A.L.); (N.-H.K.)
| | - Chan-Woo Park
- Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea; (S.-Y.H.); (C.-W.P.); (J.-S.P.); (E.-A.L.); (N.-H.K.)
| | - Ji-Soo Park
- Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea; (S.-Y.H.); (C.-W.P.); (J.-S.P.); (E.-A.L.); (N.-H.K.)
| | - En-Ah Lee
- Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea; (S.-Y.H.); (C.-W.P.); (J.-S.P.); (E.-A.L.); (N.-H.K.)
| | - Nam-Hun Kim
- Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea; (S.-Y.H.); (C.-W.P.); (J.-S.P.); (E.-A.L.); (N.-H.K.)
| | - Madhusudhan Alle
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea; (M.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Rajkumar Bandi
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea; (M.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea; (S.-Y.H.); (C.-W.P.); (J.-S.P.); (E.-A.L.); (N.-H.K.)
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41
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Chen Q, Shi Y, Chen G, Cai M. Enhanced mechanical and hydrophobic properties of composite cassava starch films with stearic acid modified MCC (microcrystalline cellulose)/NCC (nanocellulose) as strength agent. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 142:846-854. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Influence of the Design Solutions of Extruder Screw Mixing Tip on Selected Properties of Wheat Bran-Polyethylene Biocomposite. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11122120. [PMID: 31861158 PMCID: PMC6960559 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the impact of the extruder screw design solution-the intensive mixing tip used-on the course of the extrusion process and the properties of the obtained biocomposite extrudate. A lignocellulosic wheat bran biocomposite based on a low-density polyethylene matrix was extruded. Three mixing tips of the screw were used interchangeably: apineapple tip, a cut rings tip, and a Maddock tip. The experimental tests carried out included the production of an extrudate with a mass content of bran altered within the range from 10% to 50%. Processing properties such as the melt flow rate (MFR) and mass flow rate of the extruded biocomposite were determined. Selected physical, mechanical, and structural properties of the biocomposite extrudate obtained with the use of the three tested mixing tips at five bran contents were tested.
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43
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Soybean Hull Insoluble Polysaccharides: Improvements of Its Physicochemical Properties Through High Pressure Homogenization. FOOD BIOPHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-019-09613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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44
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Lopičić ZR, Stojanović MD, Marković SB, Milojković JV, Mihajlović ML, Kaluđerović Radoičić TS, Kijevčanin ML. Effects of different mechanical treatments on structural changes of lignocellulosic waste biomass and subsequent Cu(II) removal kinetics. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Seki Y, Altinisik Tagac A. Surface resistivity, surface wettability and thermal stability of the 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium ethyl sulfate and methyl-tri-n-butylammonium methyl sulfate modified polyethylene. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2019.1695263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Seki
- Department of Textile Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
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Andrzejewski J, Barczewski M, Szostak M. Injection Molding of Highly Filled Polypropylene-based Biocomposites. Buckwheat Husk and Wood Flour Filler: A Comparison of Agricultural and Wood Industry Waste Utilization. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1881. [PMID: 31739547 PMCID: PMC6918422 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study presents a comparative analysis for two types of polymer fillers used during the processing of polypropylene by the injection molding technique. The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of buckwheat husk waste as an alternative to the widely used wood fiber fillers. For this purpose, we prepared composite samples containing 10, 30 and 50 wt % of the filler, which were subjected to mechanical tests, thermal analysis, and structural observations in order to evaluate and compare their properties. Additionally, we evaluated the effectiveness of the composite system's compatibility by using maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA). The results of mechanical tests confirmed a more effective reinforcement mechanism for wood fibers; however, with the addition of PP-g-MA compatibilizer, these differences were significantly reduced: we observed a 14% drop for tensile modulus and 5% for strength. This suggests high susceptibility to this type of adhesion promoter, also confirmed by SEM observations. The paper also discusses rheological measurements conducted on a rotational rheometer, which allowed to confirm more favorable flow characteristics for composites based on buckwheat husks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Andrzejewski
- Polymer Processing Division, Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3 Street, 61-138 Poznan, Poland;
| | | | - Marek Szostak
- Polymer Processing Division, Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3 Street, 61-138 Poznan, Poland;
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Pouriman M, Dahresobh A, Moradipour M, Caparanga AR. Thermal and nondestructive analysis of high density polyethylene filled with milled salago fiber. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadhosein Pouriman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Advanced Composite MaterialsThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Ali Dahresobh
- School of Chemical EngineeringIslamic Azad University Tehran North Branch No 159, 7th Boostan St., Pasdaran Avenue Tehran Iran
| | - Mahsa Moradipour
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky 40506
| | - Alvin R. Caparanga
- School of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryMapúa University Intramuros, Manila 1002 Philippines
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Recycling of viscose yarn waste through one-step extraction of nanocellulose. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:729-737. [PMID: 31226379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Textile manufacturing industries generate large amounts of viscose yarn waste (VW) that causes serious environmental pollution. In this study, VW was used as raw material to successfully extract nanocellulose (NC) in a facile one-step extraction process, without any pretreatment. Different hydrolysis reaction times (5-60 min) were employed, and the extracted material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, atomic force microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Interestingly, it was possible to obtain NC in only 5 min of reaction without any pretreatment and with an increase of 50% in the crystallinity, which was attributed to the pretreatments VW undergone in textile industry that swell cellulose chains and make them more accessible to further reactions. The higher crystallinity index was observed after 30 min of reaction (87%), and through microscopy, it was verified that the morphology of the VW was completely changed to irregular nanoparticles with average size of 42 nm. The obtained NC showed interesting properties to be used in several potential applications, including stabilization of oil/water Pickering emulsions. These results indicate that VW is an attractive source to obtain NC, making the extraction of NC from VW a value-added alternative to recycle this textile waste.
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Rawat AP, Singh DP. Synergistic action of adsorption and reductive properties of ash derived from distilled Mentha piperita plant waste in removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 176:27-33. [PMID: 30909001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption behavior of Mentha Plant Ash (MPA) in removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution was analyzed as a function of different pH (3.0-8.0), different concentration of Cr(VI) (10-50 mg L-1), contact time (0-90 min) and doses of adsorbent (0.1-0.5 g/100 mL). Adsorption of Cr(VI) onto MPA was found to be dependent on pH condition of the solution and showed maximum removal of Cr(VI) at pH 3.0. The study of adsorption kinetics on Cr(VI) removal by MPA showed that pseudo-second order kinetic model was more suitable to describe the Cr(VI) removal by adsorption onto MPA. Results on Cyclic Voltammetry study of MPA treated with Cr(VI) solution revealed the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and Cr(II) by MPA particles through multi-step electron transfer reactions. A combined effect of adsorption and reduction properties of MPA was particularly responsible for removal and transformation of Cr(VI). These attributes of MPA were contributed by many active Cr(VI) binding and electron donating ligands present on the MPA surface as evident from FTIR and XPS analysis of MPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Prakash Rawat
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D P Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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50
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Cardoso CMM, Zavarize DG, Lago PDA, Pedroza MM, Brum SS, Mendonça ARV. Evaluating adsorbent properties of drinking water treatment plant sludge-based carbons activated by K2CO3/CH3COOH: a low-cost material for metal ion remediation. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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