1
|
Baumann D, Van Helden D, Evans LC, Vulchanova L, Dayton A, Osborn JW. IL-1R Mediated Activation of Renal Sensory Nerves in DOCA-Salt Hypertension. Hypertension 2024; 81:1811-1821. [PMID: 38841853 PMCID: PMC11254549 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.22620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical trials of renal denervation for the treatment of hypertension have shown a variety of off-target improvements in conditions associated with sympathetic overactivity. This may be due to the ablation of sympathoexcitatory afferent renal nerves, which are overactive under conditions of renal inflammation. Renal IL (interleukin)-1β is elevated in the deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt model of hypertension, and its activity may be responsible for the elevation in afferent renal nerve activity and arterial pressure. METHODS Continuous blood pressure recording of deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt mice with IL-1R (IL-1 receptor) knockout or antagonism was used individually and combined with afferent renal denervation (ARDN) to assess mechanistic overlap. Protein quantification and histological analysis of kidneys were performed to characterize renal inflammation. RESULTS ARDN attenuated deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension (-20±2-Δmm Hg mean arterial pressure [MAP] relative to control at study end) to a similar degree as total renal denervation (-21±2-Δmm Hg MAP), IL-1R knockout (-16±4-Δmm Hg MAP), or IL-1R antagonism (-20±3-Δmm Hg MAP). The combination of ARDN with knockout (-18±2-Δmm Hg MAP) or antagonism (-19±4-Δmm Hg MAP) did not attenuate hypertension any further than ARDN alone. IL-1R antagonism was found to have an acute depressor effect (-15±3-Δmm Hg MAP, day 10) in animals with intact renal nerves but not those with ARDN. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that IL-1R signaling is partially responsible for the elevated afferent renal nerve activity, which stimulates central sympathetic outflow to drive deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Baumann
- Graduate Program in Integrative Biology and Physiology (D.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Surgery (D.B., D.V.H., L.C.E., J.W.O.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Dusty Van Helden
- Department of Surgery (D.B., D.V.H., L.C.E., J.W.O.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Louise C Evans
- Department of Surgery (D.B., D.V.H., L.C.E., J.W.O.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Neuroscience (L.V.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Alex Dayton
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (A.D.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - John W Osborn
- Department of Surgery (D.B., D.V.H., L.C.E., J.W.O.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salib AMN, Crane MJ, Jamieson AM, Lipscombe D. Peripheral Ca V 2.2 channels in skin regulate prolonged heat hypersensitivity during neuroinflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.13.603149. [PMID: 39071304 PMCID: PMC11275762 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.13.603149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation can lead to chronic maladaptive pain affecting millions of people worldwide. Neurotransmitters, cytokines, and ion channels are implicated in neuro-immune cell signaling but their roles in specific behavioral responses are not fully elucidated. Voltage-gated Ca V 2.2 channel activity in skin controls rapid and transient heat hypersensitivity induced by intradermal capsaicin via IL-1α cytokine signaling. Ca V 2.2 channels are not, however, involved in mechanical hypersensitivity that developed in the same animal model. Here, we show that Ca V 2.2 channels are also critical for heat hypersensitivity induced by the intradermal ( id ) Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) model of chronic neuroinflammation that involves ongoing cytokine signaling for days. Ongoing CFA-induced cytokine signaling cascades in skin lead to pronounced edema, and hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli. Peripheral Ca V 2.2 channel activity in skin is required for the full development and week-long time course of heat hypersensitivity induced by id CFA. Ca V 2.2 channels, by contrast, are not involved in paw edema and mechanical hypersensitivity. CFA induced increases in cytokines in hind paws including IL-6 which was dependent on Ca V 2.2 channel activity. Using IL-6 specific neutralizing antibodies, we show that IL-6 contributes to heat hypersensitivity and, neutralizing both IL-1α and IL-6 was even more effective at reducing the magnitude and duration of CFA-induced heat hypersensitivity. Our findings demonstrate a functional link between Ca V 2.2 channel activity and the release of IL-6 in skin and show that Ca V 2.2 channels have a privileged role in the induction and maintenance of heat hypersensitivity during chronic forms of neuroinflammation in skin. Significance Statement Neuroinflammation can lead to chronic maladaptive pain. Neurotransmitters, ion channels, cytokines, and cytokine receptors are implicated in neuron-immune signaling, but their importance in mediating specific behavioral responses are not fully elucidated. We show that the activity of peripheral Ca V 2.2 calcium ion channels in skin play a unique role in the induction and maintenance of heat hypersensitivity in the CFA model of prolonged neuroinflammation, without accompanying effects on edema and mechanical hypersensitivity. Blocking peripheral Ca V 2.2 channel activity reduces local cytokine levels in hind paws injected with CFA including IL-6 and neutralizing IL-6 reduces CFA- induced heat hypersensitivity. Our studies define key signaling molecules that act locally in skin to trigger and maintain heat hypersensitivity during chronic neuroinflammation.
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Z, Cheng W, Gao K, Liang S, Ke L, Wang M, Fan J, Li D, Zhang P, Xu Z, Li N. Pyroptosis: A spoiler of peaceful coexistence between cells in degenerative bone and joint diseases. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00247-9. [PMID: 38876191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As people age, degenerative bone and joint diseases (DBJDs) become more prevalent. When middle-aged and elderly people are diagnosed with one or more disorders such as osteoporosis (OP), osteoarthritis (OA), and intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), it often signals the onset of prolonged pain and reduced functionality. Chronic inflammation has been identified as the underlying cause of various degenerative diseases, including DBJDs. Recently, excessive activation of pyroptosis, a form of programed cell death (PCD) mediated by inflammasomes, has emerged as a primary driver of harmful chronic inflammation. Consequently, pyroptosis has become a potential target for preventing and treating DBJDs. AIM OF REVIEW This review explored the physiological and pathological roles of the pyroptosis pathway in bone and joint development and its relation to DBJDs. Meanwhile, it elaborated the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis within individual cell types in the bone marrow and joints, as well as the interplay among different cell types in the context of DBJDs. Furthermore, this review presented the latest compelling evidence supporting the idea of regulating the pyroptosis pathway for DBJDs treatment, and discussed the potential, limitations, and challenges of various therapeutic strategies involving pyroptosis regulation. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW In summary, an interesting identity for the unregulated pyroptosis pathway in the context of DBJDs was proposed in this review, which was undertaken as a spoiler of peaceful coexistence between cells in a degenerative environment. Over the extended course of DBJDs, pyroptosis pathway perpetuated its activity through crosstalk among pyroptosis cascades in different cell types, thus exacerbating the inflammatory environment throughout the entire bone marrow and joint degeneration environment. Correspondingly, pyroptosis regulation therapy emerged as a promising option for clinical treatment of DBJDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Li
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenxiang Cheng
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kuanhui Gao
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Songlin Liang
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liqing Ke
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jilin Fan
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000 China; Shandong Zhongke Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250300 China.
| | - Zhanwang Xu
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Nianhu Li
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Deng D, Zhang T, Ma L, Zhao W, Huang S, Wang K, Shu S, Chen X. PD-L1/PD-1 pathway: a potential neuroimmune target for pain relief. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:51. [PMID: 38643205 PMCID: PMC11031890 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Pain is a common symptom of many diseases with a high incidence rate. Clinically, drug treatment, as the main method to relieve pain at present, is often accompanied by different degrees of adverse reactions. Therefore, it is urgent to gain a profound understanding of the pain mechanisms in order to develop advantageous analgesic targets. The PD-L1/PD-1 pathway, an important inhibitory molecule in the immune system, has taken part in regulating neuroinflammation and immune response. Accumulating evidence indicates that the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway is aberrantly activated in various pain models. And blocking PD-L1/PD-1 pathway will aggravate pain behaviors. This review aims to summarize the emerging evidence on the role of the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway in alleviating pain and provide an overview of the mechanisms involved in pain resolution, including the regulation of macrophages, microglia, T cells, as well as nociceptor neurons. However, its underlying mechanism still needs to be further elucidated in the future. In conclusion, despite more deep researches are needed, these pioneering studies indicate that PD-L1/PD-1 may be a potential neuroimmune target for pain relief.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daling Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Lulin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiqian Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaixing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaofang Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Reel JM, Abbadi J, Cox MA. T cells at the interface of neuroimmune communication. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:894-903. [PMID: 37952833 PMCID: PMC10999355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The immune system protects the host from infection and works to heal damaged tissue after infection or injury. There is increasing evidence that the immune system and the nervous system work in concert to achieve these goals. The sensory nervous system senses injury, infection, and inflammation, which results in a direct pain signal. Direct activation of peripheral sensory nerves can drive an inflammatory response in the skin. Immune cells express receptors for numerous transmitters released from sensory and autonomic nerves, which allows the nervous system to communicate directly with the immune system. This communication is bidirectional because immune cells can also produce neurotransmitters. Both innate and adaptive immune cells respond to neuronal signaling, but T cells appear to be at the helm of neuroimmune communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Reel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Jumana Abbadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Maureen A Cox
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Warfield R, Robinson JA, Podgorski RM, Miller AD, Burdo TH. Neuroinflammation in the Dorsal Root Ganglia and Dorsal Horn Contributes to Persistence of Nociceptor Sensitization in SIV-Infected Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated Macaques. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:2017-2030. [PMID: 37734588 PMCID: PMC10699130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite the development of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-associated distal sensory polyneuropathy remains prevalent. Using SIV-infected rhesus macaques, this study examined molecular mechanisms of peripheral and central sensitization to infer chronic pain from HIV infection. Previous studies identified atrophy in nociceptive neurons during SIV infection, which was associated with monocyte infiltration into the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). However, the sensory signaling mechanism connecting this pathology to symptoms remains unclear, especially because pain persists after resolution of high viremia and inflammation with ART. We hypothesized that residual DRG and dorsal horn neuroinflammation contributes to nociceptive sensitization. Using three cohorts of macaques [uninfected (SIV-), SIV-infected (SIV+), and SIV infected with ART (SIV+/ART)], this study showed an increase in the cellular and cytokine inflammatory profiles in the DRG of SIV+/ART macaques compared with uninfected animals. It found significant increase in the expression of nociceptive ion channels, TRPV1, and TRPA1 among DRG neurons in SIV+/ART compared with uninfected animals. SIV-infected and SIV+/ART animals showed reduced innervation of the nonpeptidergic nociceptors into the dorsal horn compared with uninfected animals. Finally, there were a significantly higher number of CD68+ cells in the dorsal horn of SIV+/ART macaques compared with uninfected animals. In summary, these data demonstrate that neuroinflammation, characteristics of nociceptor sensitization, and central terminal atrophy persists in SIV+/ART animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Warfield
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Center for NeuroVirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jake A Robinson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Center for NeuroVirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rachel M Podgorski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Center for NeuroVirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York
| | - Tricia H Burdo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Center for NeuroVirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jha R, Bernstock JD, Chalif JI, Hoffman SE, Gupta S, Guo H, Lu Y. Updates on Pathophysiology of Discogenic Back Pain. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6907. [PMID: 37959372 PMCID: PMC10647359 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Discogenic back pain, a subset of chronic back pain, is caused by intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, and imparts a notable socioeconomic health burden on the population. However, degeneration by itself does not necessarily imply discogenic pain. In this review, we highlight the existing literature on the pathophysiology of discogenic back pain, focusing on the biomechanical and biochemical steps that lead to pain in the setting of IVD degeneration. Though the pathophysiology is incompletely characterized, the current evidence favors a framework where degeneration leads to IVD inflammation, and subsequent immune milieu recruitment. Chronic inflammation serves as a basis of penetrating neovascularization and neoinnervation into the IVD. Hence, nociceptive sensitization emerges, which manifests as discogenic back pain. Recent studies also highlight the complimentary roles of low virulence infections and central nervous system (CNS) metabolic state alteration. Targeted therapies that seek to disrupt inflammation, angiogenesis, and neurogenic pathways are being investigated. Regenerative therapy in the form of gene therapy and cell-based therapy are also being explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Jha
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua D. Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua I. Chalif
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samantha E. Hoffman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Saksham Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dai X, Li L, Yan X, Fan Q, Wang R, Zhang W, Chen W, Liu Y, Meng J, Wang J. Myeloid Vamp3 deletion attenuates CFA-induced inflammation and pain in mice via ameliorating macrophage infiltration and inflammatory cytokine production. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239592. [PMID: 37965323 PMCID: PMC10641732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent inflammation and associated pain significantly impact individuals' quality of life, posing substantial healthcare challenges. Proinflammatory cytokines, released by activated macrophages, play crucial roles in the development of chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. To identify and evaluate potential therapeutic interventions targeting this process for mitigating inflammation and pain, we created myeloid cell-specific knockout of Vamp3 (vesicle-associated membrane protein 3) mice (Vamp3 Δmyel) by crossing LysM-Cre mice with newly engineered Vamp3flox/flox mice. Bone marrow-derived macrophages and peritoneal resident macrophages from Vamp3 Δmyel mice exhibited a significant reduction in TNF-α and IL-6 release compared to control mice. Moreover, Vamp3 deficiency led to decreased paw edema and ankle joint swelling induced by intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Furthermore, Vamp3 depletion also mitigated CFA-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Mechanistically, Vamp3 loss ameliorated the infiltration of macrophages in peripheral sites of the hind paw and resulted in reduced levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the CFA-injected paw and serum. RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated downregulation of various inflammation-associated genes, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, CXCL11, TIMP-1, COX-2, CD68, and CD54 in the injected paw at the test day 14 following CFA administration. These findings highlight the novel role of Vamp3 in regulating inflammatory responses and suggest it as a potential therapeutic target for the development of novel Vamp-inactivating therapeutics, with potential applications in the management of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lianlian Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xinrong Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qianqian Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ruizhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jianghui Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jiafu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Irwin MR, Straub RH, Smith MT. Heat of the night: sleep disturbance activates inflammatory mechanisms and induces pain in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:545-559. [PMID: 37488298 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-00997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Sleep has a homeostatic role in the regulation of the immune system and serves to constrain activation of inflammatory signalling and expression of cellular inflammation. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a misaligned inflammatory profile induces a dysregulation of sleep-wake activity, which leads to excessive inflammation and the induction of increased sensitivity to pain. Given that multiple biological mechanisms contribute to sleep disturbances (such as insomnia), and that the central nervous system communicates with the innate immune system via neuroendocrine and neural effector pathways, potential exists to develop prevention opportunities to mitigate the risk of insomnia in RA. Furthermore, understanding these risk mechanisms might inform additional insomnia treatment strategies directed towards steering and reducing the magnitude of the inflammatory response, which together could influence outcomes of pain and disease activity in RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Irwin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behaviour, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Rainer H Straub
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael T Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wei H, Liu B, Yin C, Zeng D, Nie H, Li Y, Tai Y, He X, Liu B. Electroacupuncture improves gout arthritis pain via attenuating ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome overactivation. Chin Med 2023; 18:86. [PMID: 37464384 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gout results from disturbed uric acid metabolism, which causes urate crystal deposition in joints and surrounding tissues. Gout pain management is largely limited to colchicine and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Constant usage of these medications leads to severe side effects. We previously showed electroacupuncture (EA) is effective for relieving pain in animal model of gout arthritis. Here we continued to study the mechanisms underlying how EA alleviates gout pain. METHODS Monosodium urate was injected into ankle joint to establish gout arthritis model in mice. EA or sham EA was applied at ST36 and BL60 acupoints of model animals. Biochemical assays, immunostaining, live cell Ca2+ imaging and behavioral assays were applied. RESULTS Model mice displayed obvious mechanical allodynia, accompanied with gait impairments. EA attenuated mechanical hypersensitivities and improved gait impairments. EA reduced the overexpression of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling molecules in ankle joints of model animals. EA-induced anti-allodynia, as well as inhibition on NLRP3 inflammasome, were mimicked by antagonizing but abolished by activating NLRP3 inflammasome via pharmacological methods. EA attenuated oxidative stress, an upstream signaling of NLRP3 inflammasome in ankle joints of model mice. Exogenously increasing oxidative stress abolished EA's inhibitory effect on NLRP3 inflammasome and further reversed EA's anti-allodynic effect. EA reduced neutrophil infiltrations in ankle joint synovium, a major mechanism contributing to oxidative stress in gout. Pharmacological blocking NLRP3 inflammasome or EA reduced TRPV1 channel overexpression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Ca2+ imaging confirmed that EA could reduce functional enhancement in TRPV1 channel in DRG neurons during gout. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that EA reduces gout pain possibly through suppressing ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in inflamed ankle joints and TRPV1 upregulation in sensory neurons, supporting EA as a treatment option for gout pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huina Wei
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Boyu Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Chengyu Yin
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Danyi Zeng
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Huimin Nie
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yan Tai
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xiaofen He
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Boyi Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dainese P, Mahieu H, De Mits S, Wittoek R, Stautemas J, Calders P. Associations between markers of inflammation and altered pain perception mechanisms in people with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review. RMD Open 2023; 9:rmdopen-2022-002945. [PMID: 37225282 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To provide an extensive review on the associations between knee inflammation and altered pain perception mechanisms in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA). MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE and Scopus were searched up to 13 December 2022. We included articles reporting associations between knee inflammation (measured by effusion, synovitis, bone marrow lesions (BMLs) and cytokines) and signs of altered pain processing (assessed by quantitative sensory testing and/or questionnaire for neuropathic-like pain) in people with knee OA. Methodological quality was evaluated using the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Study Quality Assessment Tool. Level of evidence and strength of conclusion were determined using the Evidence-Based Guideline Development method. Nine studies were included, comprising of 1889 people with knee OA. Signs of greater effusion/synovitis may be positively associated with lower knee pain pressure threshold (PPT) and neuropathic-like pain. Current evidence could not establish an association between BMLs and pain sensitivity. Evidence on associations between inflammatory cytokines and pain sensitivity or neuropathic-like pain was conflicting. There are indications of a positive association between higher serum C reactive protein (CRP) levels and lower PPT and presence of temporal summation. Methodological quality varied from level C to A2. Signs of effusion/synovitis may be positively associated with neuropathic-like pain and pain sensitivity. There are indications of a possible positive association between serum CRP levels and pain sensitivity. Given the quality and the small amount of included studies, uncertainty remains. Future studies with adequate sample size and follow-up are needed to strengthen the level of evidence.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022329245.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Dainese
- Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanne Mahieu
- Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie De Mits
- Rheumatology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Smart Space, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruth Wittoek
- Rheumatology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Stautemas
- Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fülöp B, Hunyady Á, Bencze N, Kormos V, Szentes N, Dénes Á, Lénárt N, Borbély É, Helyes Z. IL-1 Mediates Chronic Stress-Induced Hyperalgesia Accompanied by Microglia and Astroglia Morphological Changes in Pain-Related Brain Regions in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065479. [PMID: 36982563 PMCID: PMC10052634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress causes several pain conditions including fibromyalgia. Its pathophysiological mechanisms are unknown, and the therapy is unresolved. Since the involvement of interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been described in stress and inflammatory pain but no data are available regarding stress-induced pain, we studied its role in a chronic restraint stress (CRS) mouse model. Female and male C57Bl/6J wild-type (WT) and IL-1αβ-deficient (knock-out: IL-1 KO) mice were exposed to 6 h of immobilization/day for 4 weeks. Mechanonociception, cold tolerance, behavioral alterations, relative thymus/adrenal gland weights, microglia ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1) and astrocyte glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) integrated density, number and morphological transformation in pain-related brain regions were determined. CRS induced 15–20% mechanical hyperalgesia after 2 weeks in WT mice in both sexes, which was significantly reduced in female but not in male IL-1 KOs. Increased IBA1+ integrated density in the central nucleus of amygdala, primary somatosensory cortex hind limb representation part, hippocampus cornu ammonis area 3 (CA3) and periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) was present, accompanied by a cell number increase in IBA1+ microglia in stressed female WTs but not in IL-1 KOs. CRS induced morphological changes of GFAP+ astrocytes in WT but not in KO mice. Stress evoked cold hypersensitivity in the stressed animals. Anxiety and depression-like behaviors, thymus and adrenal gland weight changes were detectable in all groups after 2 but not 4 weeks of CRS due to adaptation. Thus, IL-1 mediates chronic stress-induced hyperalgesia in female mice, without other major behavioral alterations, suggesting the analgesic potentials of IL-1 in blocking drugs in stress-related pain syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Fülöp
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Centre of Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Hunyady
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Centre of Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Noémi Bencze
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Centre of Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktória Kormos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Centre of Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Szentes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Centre of Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dénes
- “Momentum” Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Lénárt
- “Momentum” Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Borbély
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Centre of Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Centre of Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Eotvos Lorand Research Network, Chronic Pain Research Group, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Baamonde A, Menéndez L. Experiences and reflections about behavioral pain assays in laboratory animals. J Neurosci Methods 2023; 386:109783. [PMID: 36610617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.109783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological assays based on the measurement of nociceptive responses in laboratory animals are a fundamental tool to assess analgesic strategies. During our experience with this type of experiments, we have been repeatedly challenged by different concerns related to their interpretation or relevance. Although these subjects are frequently discussed in our lab, they do not usually find a place in research articles with original data, in which the focus on results seems mandatory. In the present manuscript we try to discuss as central issues some of these aspects that often cross transversally our research. We have gathered them in five topics inspired by the results obtained in our laboratory. The two initial sections are devoted to the influence of the behavioral method used to assess nociception on the results achieved, as well as to the possibility that data may be more easily accepted when obtained with standard methods than with alternative ones. The third topic is related to the difficulties encountered when working with a molecule that may evoke dual effects, acting as pronociceptive or antinociceptive depending on the dose. The fourth point deals with the situation in which a particular hyperalgesic reaction is related to several molecules but the single inhibition of only one of them can completely prevent it. Finally, the last issue is addressed to comment the impact in the progress of pain research of experiments performed in animal models of pathological settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Baamonde
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Luis Menéndez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Di Maio G, Villano I, Ilardi CR, Messina A, Monda V, Iodice AC, Porro C, Panaro MA, Chieffi S, Messina G, Monda M, La Marra M. Mechanisms of Transmission and Processing of Pain: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3064. [PMID: 36833753 PMCID: PMC9964506 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about the mechanisms of transmission and the processing of nociceptive information, both in healthy and pathological states, has greatly expanded in recent years. This rapid progress is due to a multidisciplinary approach involving the simultaneous use of different branches of study, such as systems neurobiology, behavioral analysis, genetics, and cell and molecular techniques. This narrative review aims to clarify the mechanisms of transmission and the processing of pain while also taking into account the characteristics and properties of nociceptors and how the immune system influences pain perception. Moreover, several important aspects of this crucial theme of human life will be discussed. Nociceptor neurons and the immune system play a key role in pain and inflammation. The interactions between the immune system and nociceptors occur within peripheral sites of injury and the central nervous system. The modulation of nociceptor activity or chemical mediators may provide promising novel approaches to the treatment of pain and chronic inflammatory disease. The sensory nervous system is fundamental in the modulation of the host's protective response, and understanding its interactions is pivotal in the process of revealing new strategies for the treatment of pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Girolamo Di Maio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ines Villano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Rosario Ilardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Ashlei Clara Iodice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Panaro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Sergio Chieffi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco La Marra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Easson GWD, Savadipour A, Anandarajah A, Iannucci LE, Lake SP, Guilak F, Tang SY. Modulation of TRPV4 protects against degeneration induced by sustained loading and promotes matrix synthesis in the intervertebral disc. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22714. [PMID: 36583692 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201388r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
While it is well known that mechanical signals can either promote or disrupt intervertebral disc (IVD) homeostasis, the molecular mechanisms for transducing mechanical stimuli are not fully understood. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channel activated in isolated IVD cells initiates extracellular matrix (ECM) gene expression, while TRPV4 ablation reduces cytokine production in response to circumferential stretching. However, the role of TRPV4 on ECM maintenance during tissue-level mechanical loading remains unknown. Using an organ culture model, we modulated TRPV4 function over both short- (hours) and long-term (days) and evaluated the IVDs' response. Activating TRPV4 with the agonist GSK101 resulted in a Ca2+ flux propagating across the cells within the IVD. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling in the IVD peaked at 6 h following TRPV4 activation that subsequently resulted in higher interleukin (IL)-6 production at 7 days. These cellular responses were concomitant with the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and increased hydration in the nucleus pulposus that culminated in higher stiffness of the IVD. Sustained compressive loading of the IVD resulted in elevated NF-κB activity, IL-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) production, and degenerative changes to the ECM. TRPV4 inhibition using GSK205 during loading mitigated the changes in inflammatory cytokines, protected against IVD degeneration, but could not prevent ECM disorganization due to mechanical damage in the annulus fibrosus. These results indicate TRPV4 plays an important role in both short- and long-term adaptations of the IVD to mechanical loading. The modulation of TRPV4 may be a possible therapeutic for preventing load-induced IVD degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garrett W D Easson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alireza Savadipour
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriner's Hospital for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Akila Anandarajah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Leanne E Iannucci
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Spencer P Lake
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriner's Hospital for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Simon Y Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang T, Zhang M, Cui S, Liang W, Jia Z, Guo F, Ou W, Wu Y, Zhang S. The core of maintaining neuropathic pain: Crosstalk between glial cells and neurons (neural cell crosstalk at spinal cord). Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2868. [PMID: 36602945 PMCID: PMC9927860 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain (NP) caused by the injury or dysfunction of the nervous system is a chronic pain state accompanied by hyperalgesia, and the available clinical treatment is relatively scarce. Hyperalgesia mediated by pro-inflammatory factors and chemokines plays an important role in the occurrence and maintenance of NP. DATA TREATMENT Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review of experimental NP (PubMed Medline), in order to find the mechanism of inducing central sensitization and explore the intervention methods of hyperalgesia caused by real or simulated injury. RESULT In this review, we sorted out the activation pathways of microglia, astrocytes and neurons, and the process of crosstalk among them. It was found that in NP, the microglia P2X4 receptor is the key target, which can activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inward and then activate astrocytes and outwardly activate neuronal tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor to activate neurons. At the same time, activated neurons continue to maintain the activation of astrocytes and microglia through chemokines on CXCL13/CXCR5 and CX3CL1/CX3CR1. This crosstalk process is the key to maintaining NP. CONCLUSION We summarize the further research on crosstalk among neurons, microglia, and astrocytes in the central nervous system, elaborate the ways and connections of relevant crosstalk, and find potential crosstalk targets, which provides a reference for drug development and preclinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianrui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Cui
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wulin Liang
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanhong Jia
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fanfan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Ou
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Wu
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuofeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Niu M, Zhao F, Chen R, Li P, Bi L. The transient receptor potential channels in rheumatoid arthritis: Need to pay more attention. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127277. [PMID: 36926330 PMCID: PMC10013686 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the augment of vascular permeability, increased inflammatory cells infiltration, dysregulated immune cells activation, pannus formation and unbearable pain hyperalgesia. Ca2+ affect almost every aspect of cellular functions, involving cell migration, signal transduction, proliferation, and apoptosis. Transient receptor potential channels (TRPs) as a type of non-selective permeable cation channels, can regulate Ca2+ entry and intracellular Ca2+ signal in cells including immune cells and neurons. Researches have demonstrated that TRPs in the mechanisms of inflammatory diseases have achieved rapid progress, while the roles of TRPs in RA pathogenesis and pain hyperalgesia are still not well understood. To solve this problem, this review presents the evidence of TRPs on vascular endothelial cells in joint swelling, neutrophils activation and their trans-endothelial migration, as well as their bridging role in the reactive oxygen species/TRPs/Ca2+/peptidyl arginine deiminases networks in accelerating citrullinated proteins formation. It also points out the distinct functions of TRPs subfamilies expressed in the nervous systems of joints in cold hyperalgesia and neuro-inflammation mutually influenced inflammatory pain in RA. Thus, more attention could be paid on the impact of TRPs in RA and TRPs are useful in researches on the molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammation and analgesic therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengwen Niu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liqi Bi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Proinflammatory cytokines and their receptors as druggable targets to alleviate pathological pain. Pain 2022; 163:S79-S98. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
19
|
Silva Santos Ribeiro P, Willemen HLDM, Eijkelkamp N. Mitochondria and sensory processing in inflammatory and neuropathic pain. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 3:1013577. [PMID: 36324872 PMCID: PMC9619239 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.1013577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, affect over 750 million people worldwide and contribute to approximately 40% of chronic pain cases. Inflammation and tissue damage contribute to pain in rheumatic diseases, but pain often persists even when inflammation/damage is resolved. Mechanisms that cause this persistent pain are still unclear. Mitochondria are essential for a myriad of cellular processes and regulate neuronal functions. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in multiple neurological disorders, but its role in sensory processing and pain in rheumatic diseases is relatively unexplored. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of how mitochondrial dysfunction connects inflammation and damage-associated pathways to neuronal sensitization and persistent pain. To provide an overall framework on how mitochondria control pain, we explored recent evidence in inflammatory and neuropathic pain conditions. Mitochondria have intrinsic quality control mechanisms to prevent functional deficits and cellular damage. We will discuss the link between neuronal activity, mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic pain. Lastly, pharmacological strategies aimed at reestablishing mitochondrial functions or boosting mitochondrial dynamics as therapeutic interventions for chronic pain are discussed. The evidence presented in this review shows that mitochondria dysfunction may play a role in rheumatic pain. The dysfunction is not restricted to neuronal cells in the peripheral and central nervous system, but also includes blood cells and cells at the joint level that may affect pain pathways indirectly. Pre-clinical and clinical data suggest that modulation of mitochondrial functions can be used to attenuate or eliminate pain, which could be beneficial for multiple rheumatic diseases.
Collapse
|
20
|
Asiedu K. Role of ocular surface neurobiology in neuronal-mediated inflammation in dry eye disease. Neuropeptides 2022; 95:102266. [PMID: 35728484 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is the consequence of dry eye disease regardless of its etiology. Several injurious or harmless processes to the ocular surface neurons promote ocular surface neurogenic inflammation, leading to the vicious cycle of dry eye disease. These processes include the regular release of neuromediators during the conduction of ocular surface sensations, hyperosmolarity-induced ocular surface neuronal damage, neuro-regenerative activities, and neuronal-mediated dendritic cell activities. Neurogenic inflammation appears to be the main culprit, instigating the self-perpetuating inflammation observed in patients with dry eye disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kofi Asiedu
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu XG. Normalization of Neuroinflammation: A New Strategy for Treatment of Persistent Pain and Memory/Emotional Deficits in Chronic Pain. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:5201-5233. [PMID: 36110505 PMCID: PMC9469940 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s379093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain, which affects around 1/3 of the world population and is often comorbid with memory deficit and mood depression, is a leading source of suffering and disability. Studies in past decades have shown that hyperexcitability of primary sensory neurons resulting from abnormal expression of ion channels and central sensitization mediated pathological synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation in spinal dorsal horn, underlie the persistent pain. The memory/emotional deficits are associated with impaired synaptic connectivity in hippocampus. Dysregulation of numerous endogenous proteins including receptors and intracellular signaling molecules is involved in the pathological processes. However, increasing knowledge contributes little to clinical treatment. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that the neuroinflammation, characterized by overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and glial activation, is reliably detected in humans and animals with chronic pain, and is sufficient to induce persistent pain and memory/emotional deficits. The abnormal expression of ion channels and pathological synaptic plasticity in spinal dorsal horn and in hippocampus are resulting from neuroinflammation. The neuroinflammation is initiated and maintained by the interactions of circulating monocytes, glial cells and neurons. Obviously, unlike infectious diseases and cancer, which are caused by pathogens or malignant cells, chronic pain is resulting from alterations of cells and molecules which have numerous physiological functions. Therefore, normalization (counterbalance) but not simple inhibition of the neuroinflammation is the right strategy for treating neuronal disorders. Currently, no such agent is available in clinic. While experimental studies have demonstrated that intracellular Mg2+ deficiency is a common feature of chronic pain in animal models and supplement Mg2+ are capable of normalizing the neuroinflammation, activation of upregulated proteins that promote recovery, such as translocator protein (18k Da) or liver X receptors, has a similar effect. In this article, relevant experimental and clinical evidence is reviewed and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Guo Liu
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Su PYP, Zhang L, He L, Zhao N, Guan Z. The Role of Neuro-Immune Interactions in Chronic Pain: Implications for Clinical Practice. J Pain Res 2022; 15:2223-2248. [PMID: 35957964 PMCID: PMC9359791 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s246883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yi Paul Su
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lingyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangliang He
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pain Management, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhonghui Guan
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Correspondence: Zhonghui Guan, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA, Tel +415.885.7246, Fax +415.885.7575, Email
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gao D, Gao X, Yang F, Wang Q. Neuroimmune Crosstalk in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158158. [PMID: 35897734 PMCID: PMC9332175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that immunological disease progression is closely related to abnormal function of the central nervous system (CNS). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory synovitis-based systemic immune disease of unknown etiology. In addition to joint pathological damage, RA has been linked to neuropsychiatric comorbidities, including depression, schizophrenia, and anxiety, increasing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases in life. Immune cells and their secreted immune factors will stimulate the peripheral and central neuronal systems that regulate innate and adaptive immunity. The understanding of autoimmune diseases has largely advanced insights into the molecular mechanisms of neuroimmune interaction. Here, we review our current understanding of CNS comorbidities and potential physiological mechanisms in patients with RA, with a focus on the complex and diverse regulation of mood and distinct patterns of peripheral immune activation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. And in our review, we also discussed the role that has been played by peripheral neurons and CNS in terms of neuron mechanisms in RA immune challenges, and the related neuron-immune crosstalk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dashuang Gao
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen 518036, China;
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Fan Yang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qingwen Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen 518036, China;
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Correspondence: (F.Y.); (Q.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Inflammatory-associated apoptotic markers: are they the culprit to rheumatoid arthritis pain? Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10077-10090. [PMID: 35699858 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prolonged inflammatory disease resulting from autoimmune reactions that leads to local and systemic bone erosion, joint defects and functional impairment. Although the inflammation is subsided through the prescription of anti-inflammatory therapeutics, the patients persistently complained of sleepless nights due to flare pain. This indicates the possible contribution of other pathways besides inflammation in leading to RA pain. This review aims to uncover the roles and involvement of several inflammatory-associated apoptotic markers in facilitating pain transmission and processing during the pathogenesis of RA. MATERIALS AND METHODS This narrative review focused on the reports from the previous literature based on the search string of "apoptotic marker AND inflammation AND 'chronic pain' OR 'neuropathic pain' and apoptosis AND 'rheumatoid arthritis' OR arthritis from the databases including Science Direct and Scopus, considering the exclusion criteria of the published abstracts, proceedings or articles on other neuropathic pain types such as painful bowel syndrom, insterstitial cystitis, fibrosis and so on. RESULTS Several studies in the literature demonstrate a close association between imbalanced apoptotic regulations and an increased number of synovial fibroblasts and inflammatory cells in RA. Cell death or specific cell survival has been linked with increased central hypersensitivity in various types of chronic and neuropathic pain. CONCLUSION The RA-related flare pain is possibly contributed by the abnormal regulation of apoptosis through several inflammatory-related pathways, and further studies need to modulate these pathways for the putative anti-nociceptive benefits.
Collapse
|
25
|
Mustafa S, Evans S, Barry B, Barratt D, Wang Y, Lin C, Wang X, Hutchinson MR. Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Pain: Bridging Molecules-to-Cells-to-Systems. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2022; 276:239-273. [PMID: 35434749 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pain impacts the lives of billions of people around the world - both directly and indirectly. It is complex and transcends beyond an unpleasant sensory experience to encompass emotional experiences. To date, there are no successful treatments for sufferers of chronic pain. Although opioids do not provide any benefit to chronic pain sufferers, they are still prescribed, often resulting in more complications such as hyperalgesia and dependence. In order to develop effective and safe medications to manage, and perhaps even treat pain, it is important to evaluate novel contributors to pain pathologies. As such, in this chapter we review the role of Toll-like receptor 4, a receptor of the innate immune system, that continues to gain substantial attention in the field of pain research. Positioned in the nexus of the neuro and immune systems, TLR4 may provide one of the missing pieces in understanding the complexities of pain. Here we consider how TLR4 enables a mechanistical understanding of pain as a multidimensional biopsychosocial state from molecules to cells to systems and back again.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Mustafa
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Samuel Evans
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Benjamin Barry
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Daniel Barratt
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yibo Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Cong Lin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lasagni Vitar RM, Bonelli F, Rama P, Ferrari G. Immunity and pain in the eye: focus on the ocular surface. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 207:149-163. [PMID: 35020868 PMCID: PMC8982975 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Most ocular diseases are associated with pain. While pain has been generally considered a mere (deleterious) additional symptom, it is now emerging that it is a key modulator of innate/adaptive immunity. Because the cornea receives the highest nerve density of the entire body, it is an ideal site to demonstrate interactions between pain and the immune response. Indeed, most neuropeptides involved in pain generation are also potent regulators of innate and adaptive leukocyte physiology. On the other hand, most inflammatory cells can modulate the generation of ocular pain through release of specific mediators (cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and lipid mediators). This review will discuss the reciprocal role(s) of ocular surface (and specifically: corneal) pain on the immune response of the eye. Finally, we will discuss the clinical implications of such reciprocal interactions in the context of highly prevalent corneal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Mayra Lasagni Vitar
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Bonelli
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Rama
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrari
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy,Correspondence: Giulio Ferrari, Cornea and Ocular Surface Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Roversi K, Callai-Silva N, Roversi K, Griffith M, Boutopoulos C, Prediger RD, Talbot S. Neuro-Immunity and Gut Dysbiosis Drive Parkinson's Disease-Induced Pain. Front Immunol 2021; 12:759679. [PMID: 34868000 PMCID: PMC8637106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.759679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 1-2% of the population aged 65 and over. Additionally, non-motor symptoms such as pain and gastrointestinal dysregulation are also common in PD. These impairments might stem from a dysregulation within the gut-brain axis that alters immunity and the inflammatory state and subsequently drives neurodegeneration. There is increasing evidence linking gut dysbiosis to the severity of PD's motor symptoms as well as to somatosensory hypersensitivities. Altogether, these interdependent features highlight the urgency of reviewing the links between the onset of PD's non-motor symptoms and gut immunity and whether such interplays drive the progression of PD. This review will shed light on maladaptive neuro-immune crosstalk in the context of gut dysbiosis and will posit that such deleterious interplays lead to PD-induced pain hypersensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katiane Roversi
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Natalia Callai-Silva
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Karine Roversi
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - May Griffith
- Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christos Boutopoulos
- Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rui Daniel Prediger
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Sébastien Talbot
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zaki S, Smith MM, Little CB. Pathology-pain relationships in different osteoarthritis animal model phenotypes: it matters what you measure, when you measure, and how you got there. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1448-1461. [PMID: 34332049 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether osteoarthritis (OA) pain characteristics and mechanistic pathways in pre-clinical models are phenotype-specific. DESIGN Male 11-week-old C57BL6 mice had unilateral medial-meniscal-destabilization (DMM) or antigen-induced-arthritis (AIA), vs sham-surgery/immunised-controls (Sham/Im-CT). Pain behaviour (allodynia, mechanical- and thermal-hyperalgesia, hindlimb static weight-bearing, stride-length) and lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) gene-expression were measured at baseline, day-3, week-1/-2/-4/-8/-16, and pain-behaviour:gene-expression:joint-pathology associations investigated. RESULTS DMM and AIA induced structural OA defined by progressively increasing cartilage erosion, subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophyte size and maturation. All pain-behaviours were modified, with model-specific differences in severity and temporal pattern. Tactile allodynia developed acutely in both models and persisted to week-16. During early-OA (wk4-8) there was; reduced right hindlimb weight-bearing in AIA; thermal-hyperalgesia and reduced stride-length in DMM. During chronic-OA (wk12-16); mechanical-hyperalgesia and reduced right hindlimb weight-bearing were observed in DMM only. There were no associations in either model between different pain-behaviour outcomes. A coordinated DRG-expression profile was observed in sham and Im-CT for all 11 genes tested, but not in AIA and DMM. At wk-16 despite equivalent joint pathology, changes in DRG-expression (Calca, Trpa1, Trpv1, Trpv4) were observed only in DMM. In AIA mechanical-hyperalgesia was associated with Trpv1 (r = -0.79) and Il1b (r = 0.53). In DMM stride-length was associated with Calca, Tac1, Trpv1, Trpv2, Trpv4 and Adamts5 (r = 0.4-0.57). DRG gene-expression change was correlated with subchondral-bone sclerosis in DMM, and cartilage damage in AIA. Positive pain-behaviour:joint-pathology associations were only present in AIA - for synovitis, subchondral-bone resorption, chondrocyte-hypertrophy and cartilage damage. CONCLUSION Pain and peripheral sensory neuronal responses are OA-phenotype-specific with distinct pathology:pain-outcome:molecular-mechanism relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Zaki
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Australia; Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, at Royal North Shore Hospital, Australia.
| | - M M Smith
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, at Royal North Shore Hospital, Australia.
| | - C B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, at Royal North Shore Hospital, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Schneider AH, Machado CC, Veras FP, Maganin AGDM, de Souza FFL, Barroso LC, de Oliveira RDR, Alves-Filho JC, Cunha TM, Fukada SY, Louzada-Júnior P, da Silva TA, Cunha FQ. Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate joint hyperalgesia induced by immune inflammation. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:3461-3473. [PMID: 33367912 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the genesis of joint hyperalgesia using an experimental model of arthritis and transpose the findings to clinical investigation. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were subjected to antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) and treated with Pulmozyme (PLZ) to degrade NETs or Cl-amidine to inhibit NET production. Oedema formation, the histopathological score and mechanical hyperalgesia were evaluated. NETs were injected intra-articularly in wild type (WT), Tlr4-/-, Tlr9-/-, Tnfr1-/- and Il1r-/- mice, and the levels of cytokines and Cox2 expression were quantified. NETs were also quantified from human neutrophils isolated from RA patients and individual controls. RESULTS AIA mice had increased NET concentration in joints, accompanied by increased Padi4 gene expression in the joint cells. Treatment of AIA mice with a peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 inhibitor or with PLZ inhibited the joint hyperalgesia. Moreover, the injection of NETs into joints of naïve animals generated a dose-dependent reduction of mechanical threshold, an increase of articular oedema, inflammatory cytokine production and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. In mice deficient for Tnfr1, Il1r, Tlr4 and Tlr9, joint hyperalgesia induced by NETs was prevented. Last, we found that neutrophils from RA patients were more likely to release NETs, and the increase in synovial fluid NET concentration correlated with an increase in joint pain. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that NETs cause hyperalgesia possibly through Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and TLR-9. These data support the idea that NETs contribute to articular pain, and this pathway can be an alternative target for the treatment of pain in RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Henriques Schneider
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, CRID.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School
| | - Caio Cavalcante Machado
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, CRID.,Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology Division, Medicine Faculty of Ribeirão Preto
| | - Flávio Protásio Veras
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, CRID.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School
| | | | - Flávio Falcão Lima de Souza
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, CRID.,Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology Division, Medicine Faculty of Ribeirão Preto
| | - Lívia Corrêa Barroso
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, CRID.,Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology Division, Medicine Faculty of Ribeirão Preto
| | - Renê Donizeti Ribeiro de Oliveira
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, CRID.,Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology Division, Medicine Faculty of Ribeirão Preto
| | - José Carlos Alves-Filho
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, CRID.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School
| | - Thiago Mattar Cunha
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, CRID.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School
| | - Sandra Yasuyo Fukada
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, CRID.,Department of Bio Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo
| | - Paulo Louzada-Júnior
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, CRID.,Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology Division, Medicine Faculty of Ribeirão Preto
| | - Tarcília Aparecida da Silva
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, CRID.,Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernando Queiroz Cunha
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, CRID.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Macrophage as a Peripheral Pain Regulator. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081881. [PMID: 34440650 PMCID: PMC8392675 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A neuroimmune crosstalk is involved in somatic and visceral pathological pain including inflammatory and neuropathic components. Apart from microglia essential for spinal and supraspinal pain processing, the interaction of bone marrow-derived infiltrating macrophages and/or tissue-resident macrophages with the primary afferent neurons regulates pain signals in the peripheral tissue. Recent studies have uncovered previously unknown characteristics of tissue-resident macrophages, such as their origins and association with regulation of pain signals. Peripheral nerve macrophages and intestinal resident macrophages, in addition to adult monocyte-derived infiltrating macrophages, secrete a variety of mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, high mobility group box 1 and bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2), that regulate the excitability of the primary afferents. Neuron-derived mediators including neuropeptides, ATP and macrophage-colony stimulating factor regulate the activity or polarization of diverse macrophages. Thus, macrophages have multitasks in homeostatic conditions and participate in somatic and visceral pathological pain by interacting with neurons.
Collapse
|
31
|
König C, Vazquez E, Eß S, Ebbinghaus M, Vorpahl B, Ebersberger A, Schaible HG. Spinal interleukin-1β induces mechanical spinal hyperexcitability in rats: Interactions and redundancies with TNF and IL-6. J Neurochem 2021; 158:898-911. [PMID: 34050952 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Both spinal tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) contribute to the development of "mechanical" spinal hyperexcitability in inflammatory pain states. Recently, we found that spinal sensitization by TNF was significantly reduced by blockade of spinal IL-6 signaling suggesting that IL-6 signaling is involved in spinal TNF effects. Here, we explored whether spinal interleukin-1β (IL-1β), also implicated in inflammatory pain, induces "mechanical" spinal hyperexcitability, and whether spinal IL-1β effects are related to TNF and IL-6 effects. We recorded the responses of spinal cord neurons to mechanical stimulation of the knee joint in vivo and used cellular approaches on microglial and astroglial cell lines to identify interactions of IL-1β, TNF, and IL-6. Spinal application of IL-1β in anesthetized rats modestly enhanced responses of spinal cord neurons to innocuous and noxious mechanical joint stimulation. This effect was blocked by minocycline indicating microglia involvement, and significantly attenuated by interfering with IL-6 signaling. In the BV2 microglial cell line, IL-1β, like TNF, enhanced the release of soluble IL-6 receptor, necessary for spinal IL-6 actions. Different to TNF, IL-1β caused SNB-19 astrocytes to release interleukin-11. The generation of "mechanical" spinal hyperexcitability by IL-1β was more pronounced upon spinal TNF neutralization with etanercept, suggesting that concomitant TNF limits IL-1β effects. In BV2 cells, TNF stimulated the release of IL-1Ra, an endogenous IL-1β antagonist. Thus, spinal IL-1β has the potential to induce spinal hyperexcitability sharing with TNF dependency on IL-6 signaling, but TNF also limited IL-1β effects explaining the modest effect of IL-1β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian König
- Institute of Physiology1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Enrique Vazquez
- Institute of Physiology1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sabrina Eß
- Institute of Physiology1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Ebbinghaus
- Institute of Physiology1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Björn Vorpahl
- Institute of Physiology1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Ebersberger
- Institute of Physiology1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Schaible
- Institute of Physiology1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mechanisms and Mediators of Pain in Chronic Inflammatory Arthritis. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN RHEUMATOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40674-021-00178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of the review
Pain in chronic inflammatory joint diseases is a common symptom reported by patients. Pain becomes of absolute clinical relevance especially when it becomes chronic, i.e., when it persists beyond normal healing times. As an operational definition, pain is defined chronic when it lasts for more than 3 months. This article aims to provide a review of the main mechanisms underlying pain in patients with chronic inflammatory joint diseases, discussing in particular their overlap.
Recent findings
While it may be intuitive how synovial inflammation or enthesitis are responsible for nociceptive pain, in clinical practice, it is common to find patients who continue to complain of symptoms despite optimal control of inflammation. In this kind of patients at the genesis of pain, there may be neuropathic or nociplastic mechanisms.
Summary
In the context of chronic inflammatory joint diseases, multiple mechanisms generally coexist behind chronic pain. It is the rheumatologist’s task to identify the mechanisms of pain that go beyond the nociceptive mechanisms, to adopt appropriate therapeutic strategies, including avoiding overtreatment of patients with immunosuppressive drugs. In this sense, future research will have to be oriented to search for biomarkers of non-inflammatory pain in patients with chronic inflammatory joint diseases.
Collapse
|
33
|
Tauber M, Wang F, Kim B, Gaudenzio N. Bidirectional sensory neuron-immune interactions: a new vision in the understanding of allergic inflammation. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 72:79-86. [PMID: 33873125 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neurons (including sensory neurons) are ubiquitously distributed in all tissues, particularly at the interface with the environment. The primary function of sensory neurons is the transmission of sensations of temperature, pain and itch to elicit appropriate behavioral responses. More recently, sensory neurons have emerged as potent regulators of type 2 immune responses and allergic inflammation. There is increasing evidence showing that neurons can express receptors previously thought to be restricted to the immune compartment. In addition, certain subtypes of immune cells (e.g. mast cells, ILC2s or macrophages) also express specific neuroreceptors that provide them with the capacity to integrate neuron-derived signals and modulate their activation status during the development of allergic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Tauber
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Inserm UMR1291 CNRS UMR5051, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France; Department of Dermatology, Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Fang Wang
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Brian Kim
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Nicolas Gaudenzio
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Inserm UMR1291 CNRS UMR5051, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pongratz G. [Pain in rheumatic diseases : What can biologics and JAK inhibitors offer?]. Z Rheumatol 2021; 80:214-225. [PMID: 33443608 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-020-00957-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Persistent pain despite adequate inflammation control poses a big challenge in many rheumatic diseases for patients as well as physicians. The focus of drug development over the past years was on anti-inflammatory therapies. Enormous progress has been made and several treatment options have been added. It has been observed that pain triggered by inflammation can be effectively treated by inflammation control; however, the chronic pain component remains a problem, is little studied and specific treatment options are missing. Pain is influenced by inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, which act on peripheral nociceptors and lead to peripheral sensitization. If inflammation continues, this can potentially lead to central sensitization and chronification of pain via immigration of immune cells and/or local activation of e.g. microglia. This leads to increasing autonomization and uncoupling of pain from the actual inflammatory process. The present review deals with the question if bDMARD or tsDMARD also show benefits concerning pain processes in addition to the profound inhibitory effects on inflammation. There are preclinical data that show an influence on sensitization following the use of cytokine inhibitors. On the other hand, so far clinical data show that bDMARDs as well as tsDMARDs consistently rapidly and reliably reduce nociceptive inflammatory pain across disease entities. An effect especially on the process of central sensitization and therefore on chronification of pain cannot be finally evaluated based on the currently available data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Pongratz
- Poliklink, Funktionsbereich und Hiller Forschungszentrum für Rheumatologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen W, Li Z, Wang Z, Gao H, Ding J, He Z. Intraarticular Injection of Infliximab-Loaded Thermosensitive Hydrogel Alleviates Pain and Protects Cartilage in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Pain Res 2020; 13:3315-3329. [PMID: 33324092 PMCID: PMC7733037 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s283518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pain and cartilage destruction caused by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are major challenges during clinical treatment. Traditional systemic administration not only has obvious side effects but also provides limited relief for local symptoms in major joints. Local delivery of therapeutics for RA treatment is a potential strategy but is limited by rapid intraarticular release. Materials and Methods In this study, we prepared a thermoresponsive injectable hydrogel by mixing pluronic F127 (F127) and hyaluronic acid (HA) with poly (γ-glutamic acid) (PGA) incorporating infliximab (IFX), a new generation monoclonal antibody drug. We investigated the biocompatibility of the hydrogel and its IFX release profile. In vivo, we studied the clinical manifestations (articular skin temperature and joint diameter), detected cytokines in the synovial fluid and cartilage, performed behavioral studies on pain relief, and evaluated the cartilage protection effect. Results A thermoresponsive hydrogel was successfully prepared by mixing F127, HA, and PGA with injectable properties. The F127-HA-PGA hydrogel had a porous structure with interconnected pores. The infliximab-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel exhibited good biocompatibility and biodegradability and sustained release properties. Intraarticular injection of the IFX-loaded F127-HA-PGA hydrogel could alleviate the expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-17 (IL-17), in the synovial fluid and cartilage as well as relieve pain and inhibit cartilage destruction in RA. Conclusion The double effect on pain relief and cartilage protection indicated the significant potential of the IFX-loaded injectable hydrogel for RA treatment in major joint lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Chen
- School of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201112, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuhao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201112, People's Republic of China.,Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201112, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Gao
- School of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyun Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201112, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhou He
- School of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201112, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
von Loga IS, Miotla-Zarebska J, Huang YS, Williams R, Jostins L, Vincent TL. Comparison of LABORAS with static incapacitance testing for assessing spontaneous pain behaviour in surgically-induced murine osteoarthritis. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2020; 2:100101. [PMID: 33381766 PMCID: PMC7762826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2020.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Evoked responses following mechanical or thermal stimulation are typically used to assess pain behaviour in murine osteoarthritis (OA). However, there is no consensus on how best to measure spontaneous pain behaviour. Method OA by partial meniscectomy (PMX), or sham surgery was performed in 10-week old C57BL/6 male mice. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in 10 week old DBA1 male mice. Spontaneous pain behaviour, either at the time of active inflammatory disease (CIA), or over the 12 weeks after induction of OA, was assessed by static incapacitance testing (measuring percentage of weight placed through each hindlimb), and Laboratory Animal Behaviour Observation Registration and Analysis System (LABORAS) (translating cage vibrations of singly house animals into specific activities). Data were analysed by repeated measures two way ANOVA with post hoc testing comparing experimental groups with either sham operated or naïve controls. Results By incapacitance testing, two phases of painful behaviour were evident after PMX: a transient, post-operative phase, which resolved within one week, and a late OA pain phase starting 8 weeks post surgery and reaching statistical significance at week 12 (95% CI: sham 89.51-98.19, PMX 76.18-98.16). LABORAS, was able to detect pain behaviour in mice with CIA, but no statistically significant pain behaviour was observed in OA mice either post operatively (once analgesia had been controlled for) or at any later time points for any activity compared with the sham group. Conclusion Static incapacitance testing is superior to LABORAS for measuring spontaneous pain behaviour in surgically induced murine OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabell S von Loga
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Jadwiga Miotla-Zarebska
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Yi-Shu Huang
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Williams
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Luke Jostins
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kanno K, Shimizu K, Shinoda M, Hayashi M, Takeichi O, Iwata K. Role of macrophage-mediated Toll-like receptor 4-interleukin-1R signaling in ectopic tongue pain associated with tooth pulp inflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:312. [PMID: 33081813 PMCID: PMC7576725 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01995-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The existence of referred pain and ectopic paresthesia caused by tooth pulp inflammation may make definitive diagnosis difficult and cause misdiagnosis or mistreatment; thus, elucidation of that molecular mechanism is urgent. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying ectopic pain, especially tongue hyperalgesia, after tooth pulp inflammation. Methods A rat model with mandibular first molar tooth pulp exposure was employed. Tooth pulp exposure-induced heat and mechanical-evoked tongue hypersensitivity was measured, and immunohistochemical staining for Iba1, a marker of active macrophages, IL-1β, IL-1 type I receptor (IL-1RΙ), and toll-like receptor 4 in the trigeminal ganglion was performed. In addition, we investigated the effects of injections of liposomal clodronate Clophosome-A (LCCA), a selective macrophage depletion agent, lipopolysaccharide from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (LPS-RS, a toll-like receptor 4 antagonist), IL-1β, or heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70, a selective agonist of toll-like receptor 4), to examine changes in tongue hypersensitivity and in the regulation of IL-1RΙ, toll-like receptor 4, and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) biosynthesis. Results At day 1 after tooth pulp exposure, obvious tooth pulp inflammation was observed. Tooth pulp exposure-induced heat and mechanical tongue hypersensitivity was observed from days 1 to 3 after tooth pulp exposure. The production of IL-1β in activated macrophages and toll-like receptor 4 and IL-1RΙ expression were significantly increased in trigeminal ganglion neurons innervating the tongue following tooth pulp exposure. Intra-trigeminal ganglion injection of LCCA significantly suppressed tongue hypersensitivity; however, toll-like receptor 4 and IL-1RΙ expression in trigeminal ganglion neurons innervating the tongue was not significantly altered. Intra-trigeminal ganglion injection of LPS-RS significantly suppressed tongue hypersensitivity and reduced IL-1RΙ expression in the trigeminal ganglion neurons innervating the tongue following tooth pulp exposure. Intra-trigeminal ganglion injection of recombinant Hsp70 significantly promoted tongue hypersensitivity and increased IL-1RI expression in trigeminal ganglion neurons innervating the tongue in naive rats. Furthermore, intra-trigeminal ganglion injection of recombinant IL-1β led to tongue hypersensitivity and enhanced TRPV1 expression in trigeminal ganglion neurons innervating the tongue in naive rats. Conclusions The present findings suggest that the neuron-macrophage interaction mediated by toll-like receptor 4 and IL-1RI activation in trigeminal ganglion neurons affects the pathogenesis of abnormal tongue pain following tooth pulp inflammation via IL-1RI and TRPV1 signaling in the trigeminal ganglion. Further research may contribute to the establishment of new therapeutic and diagnostic methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kanno
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Kohei Shimizu
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan. .,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masamichi Shinoda
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Hayashi
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Takeichi
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pain Mechanism in Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Cytokines to Central Sensitization. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:2076328. [PMID: 33005097 PMCID: PMC7503123 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2076328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is the most common symptom in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although in recent years, through the implementation of targeted treatment and the introduction of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), the treatment of RA patients has made a significant progress, a large proportion of patients still feel pain. Finding appropriate treatment to alleviate the pain is very important for RA patients. Current research showed that, in addition to inflammation, RA pain involves peripheral sensitization and abnormalities in the central nervous system (CNS) pain regulatory mechanisms. This review summarized the literature on pain mechanisms of RA published in recent years. A better understanding of pain mechanisms will help to develop new analgesic targets and deploy new and existing therapies.
Collapse
|
39
|
Pain-related behaviors associated with persistence of mechanical hyperalgesia after antigen-induced arthritis in rats. Pain 2020; 161:1571-1583. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
40
|
Yin C, Liu B, Wang P, Li X, Li Y, Zheng X, Tai Y, Wang C, Liu B. Eucalyptol alleviates inflammation and pain responses in a mouse model of gout arthritis. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:2042-2057. [PMID: 31883118 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Gout arthritis, which is provoked by monosodium urate (MSU) crystal accumulation in the joint and periarticular tissues, induces severe pain and affects quality of life of the patients. Eucalyptol (1,8-cineol), the principal component in the essential oils of eucalyptus leaves, is known to possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. We aimed to examine the therapeutic effects of eucalyptol on gout arthritis and related mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A mouse model of gout arthritis was established via MSU injection into the ankle joint. Ankle oedema, mechanical allodynia, neutrophil infiltration, oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome, and TRPV1 expression were examined. KEY RESULTS Eucalyptol attenuated MSU-induced mechanical allodynia and ankle oedema in dose-dependently, with effectiveness similar to indomethacin. Eucalyptol reduced inflammatory cell infiltrations in ankle tissues. Eucalyptol inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production induced by MSU in ankle tissues in vivo. Eucalyptol reduced oxidative stress induced by MSU in RAW264.7 cells in vitro as well as in ankle tissues in vivo, indicated by an increase in activities of antioxidant enzymes and reduction of ROS. Eucalyptol attenuated MSU-induced up-regulation of TRPV1 expression in ankle tissues and dorsal root ganglion neurons innervating the ankle. The in vivo effects of eucalyptol on ankle oedema, mechanical allodynia, NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, and TRPV1 expression were mimicked by treating MSU-injected mice with antioxidants. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Eucalyptol alleviates MSU-induced pain and inflammation via mechanisms possibly involving anti-oxidative effect. Eucalyptol and other antioxidants may represent promising therapeutic options for gout arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Yin
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boyu Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Tai
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Boyi Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gonçalves dos Santos G, Delay L, Yaksh TL, Corr M. Neuraxial Cytokines in Pain States. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3061. [PMID: 32047493 PMCID: PMC6997465 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-intensity potentially tissue-injuring stimulus generates a homotopic response to escape the stimulus and is associated with an affective phenotype considered to represent pain. In the face of tissue or nerve injury, the afferent encoding systems display robust changes in the input-output function, leading to an ongoing sensation reported as painful and sensitization of the nociceptors such that an enhanced pain state is reported for a given somatic or visceral stimulus. Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this non-linear processing of nociceptive stimuli has led to our appreciation of the role played by the functional interactions of neural and immune signaling systems in pain phenotypes. In pathological states, neural systems interact with the immune system through the actions of a variety of soluble mediators, including cytokines. Cytokines are recognized as important mediators of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, supporting system sensitization and the development of a persistent pathologic pain. Cytokines can induce a facilitation of nociceptive processing at all levels of the neuraxis including supraspinal centers where nociceptive input evokes an affective component of the pain state. We review here several key proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and explore their underlying actions at four levels of neuronal organization: (1) peripheral nociceptor termini; (2) dorsal root ganglia; (3) spinal cord; and (4) supraspinal areas. Thus, current thinking suggests that cytokines by this action throughout the neuraxis play key roles in the induction of pain and the maintenance of the facilitated states of pain behavior generated by tissue injury/inflammation and nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauriane Delay
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tony L. Yaksh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Maripat Corr
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Pathogenesis of Arthritis Pain Using Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020533. [PMID: 31947680 PMCID: PMC7013391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthritis, including osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is the leading cause of years lived with disability (YLD) worldwide. Although pain is the cardinal symptom of arthritis, which is directly related to function and quality of life, the elucidation of the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of pain in arthritis has lagged behind other areas, such as inflammation control and regulation of autoimmunity. The lack of therapeutics for optimal pain management is partially responsible for the current epidemic of opioid and narcotic abuse. Recent advances in animal experimentation and molecular biology have led to significant progress in our understanding of arthritis pain. Despite the inherent problems in the extrapolation of data gained from animal pain studies to arthritis in human patients, the critical assessment of molecular mediators and translational studies would help to define the relevance of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of arthritis pain. This review discusses biological and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of arthritis pain determined in animal models of OA and RA, along with the methodologies used.
Collapse
|
43
|
Electroacupuncture Alleviates Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathic Pain in Rats via Suppressing TLR4 Signaling and TRPV1 Upregulation in Sensory Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235917. [PMID: 31775332 PMCID: PMC6929119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy is a common adverse effect during paclitaxel treatment resulting in sensory abnormalities and neuropathic pain during chemotherapy and in cancer survivors. Conventional therapies are usually ineffective and possess adverse effects. Here, we examined the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on a rat model of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain and related mechanisms. EA robustly and persistently alleviated paclitaxel-induced pain hypersensitivities. Mechanistically, TLR4 (Toll-Like Receptor 4) and downstream signaling MyD88 (Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response 88) and TRPV1 (Transient Receptor Potential Vallinoid 1) were upregulated in dorsal root ganglion (DRGs) of paclitaxel-treated rats, whereas EA reduced their overexpression. Ca2+ imaging further indicated that TRPV1 channel activity was enhanced in DRG neurons of paclitaxel-treated rats whereas EA suppressed the enhanced TRPV1 channel activity. Pharmacological blocking of TRPV1 mimics the analgesic effects of EA on the pain hypersensitivities, whereas capsaicin reversed EA’s effect. Spinal astrocytes and microglia were activated in paclitaxel-treated rats, whereas EA reduced the activation. These results demonstrated that EA alleviates paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathic pain via mechanisms possibly involving suppressing TLR4 signaling and TRPV1 upregulation in DRG neurons, which further result in reduced spinal glia activation. Our work supports EA as a potential alternative therapy for paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Pain is a hallmark of tissue injury, inflammatory diseases, pathogen invasion and neuropathy. It is mediated by nociceptor sensory neurons that innervate the skin, joints, bones, muscles and mucosal tissues and protects organisms from noxious stimuli. Nociceptors are sensitized by inflammatory mediators produced by the immune system, including cytokines, lipid mediators and growth factors, and can also directly detect pathogens and their secreted products to produce pain during infection. Upon activation, nociceptors release neuropeptides from their terminals that potently shape the function of innate and adaptive immune cells. For some pathogens, neuron-immune interactions enhance host protection from infection, but for other pathogens, neuron-immune signalling pathways can be exploited to facilitate pathogen survival. Here, we discuss the role of nociceptor interactions with the immune system in pain and infection and how understanding these pathways could produce new approaches to treat infectious diseases and chronic pain.
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang L, Jiang X, Zheng Q, Jeon SM, Chen T, Liu Y, Kulaga H, Reed R, Dong X, Caterina MJ, Qu L. Neuronal FcγRI mediates acute and chronic joint pain. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3754-3769. [PMID: 31211699 DOI: 10.1172/jci128010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although joint pain in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is conventionally thought to result from inflammation, arthritis pain and joint inflammation are at least partially uncoupled. This suggests that additional pain mechanisms in RA remain to be explored. Here we show that FcγRI, an immune receptor for IgG immune complex (IgG-IC), is expressed in a subpopulation of joint sensory neurons and that, under naïve conditions, FcγRI crosslinking by IgG-IC directly activates the somata and peripheral terminals of these neurons to evoke acute joint hypernociception without obvious concurrent joint inflammation. These effects were diminished in both global and sensory neuron-specific Fcgr1 knockout mice. In murine models of inflammatory arthritis, FcγRI signaling was upregulated in joint sensory neurons. Acute blockade or global genetic deletion of Fcgr1 significantly attenuated arthritis pain and hyperactivity of joint sensory neurons without measurably altering joint inflammation. Conditional deletion of Fcgr1 in sensory neurons produced similar analgesic effects in these models. We therefore suggest that FcγRI expressed in sensory neurons contributes to arthritis pain independently of its functions in inflammatory cells. These findings expand our understanding of the immunosensory capabilities of sensory neurons and imply that neuronal FcγRI merits consideration as a target for treating RA pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute
| | - Qin Zheng
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience
| | - Sang-Min Jeon
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute
| | - Tiane Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute
| | | | - Randall Reed
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, and
| | | | - Michael J Caterina
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lintao Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
|
47
|
Karateev AE, Nasonov EL. Chronic pain and central sensitization in immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases: pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, the possibility of using targeted disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. RHEUMATOLOGY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.14412/1995-4484-2019-197-209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is one of the main manifestations of immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IIRD), such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), which determines the severity of suffering, reduced quality of life and disability of patients. Unfortunately, the use of synthetic and biological disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, as well as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs does not always provide sufficient control of pain in IIRD, even when it is possible to achieve a significant reduction in inflammatory activity. The reason for this is the complex mechanism of chronic pain. It includes not onlystimulation of pain receptors caused by damage of the elements of the musculoskeletal system, but also a change in the perception of pain associated with the phenomenon of central sensitization (CS). CS is characterized by a significant and persistent increase in the sensitivity of nociceptive neurons to pain and nonpain stimuli. One of the main theories of the CS development consider this phenomenon as an inflammatory reaction of the neuronenvironmentthe activation of astrocytes and microglial cells, local hyperproduction of cytokines, inflammatory mediators and neurotrophic factors. Factors contributing to the development of CS in IIRD are obesity, depression and anxiety, damage of the somatosensory system, insufficient relief of pain in the onset of the disease. Clinical manifestations of CS in IIRD is hyperalgesia, allodinia, «expanded pain» and secondary fibromyalgia. An important role in the development of chronic pain and CS plays the intracellular inflammatory pathway JAK-STAT. Therefore, JAK inhibitors, such as tofacitinib, used in RA and PsA, can also be considered as an effective means of controlling chronic pain in these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - E. L. Nasonov
- V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Quintão NLM, Pastor MVD, Antonialli CDS, da Silva GF, Rocha LW, Berté TE, de Souza MM, Meyre-Silva C, Lucinda-Silva RM, Bresolin TMB, Cechinel Filho V. Aleurites moluccanus and its main active constituent, the flavonoid 2″-O-rhamnosylswertisin, in experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 235:248-254. [PMID: 30769038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aleurites moluccana is used in folk medicine to treat pain, fever, asthma, hepatitis, gastric ulcer and inflammatory process in general, and the nut oil had been topically applied to treat arthritis and other joint pain, however the seeds are classified as toxic for oral use. AIM Faced with the need for new alternative to treat the symptoms and modify rheumatoid arthritis (RA) the aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of A. moluccanus' leaves dried extract in rats and mice submitted to complete Freund adjuvant (CFA)-induced RA. MATERIAL AND METHODS Wistar Rats and Swiss mice were submitted to CFA-induced RA in the right hindpaw. They received A. moluccanus extract (orally; p.o.), dexamethasone (subcutaneously), 2″-O-rhamnosylswertisin (p.o.) or vehicle (p.o.), from the 14th day after the CFA injection for up to 8 days. The mechanical hypersensitivity was evaluated using the von Frey filaments and the paw-oedema was measured using a plethysmometer. The rats' injected hindpaw was used to perform the histological analysis. RESULTS A. moluccanus was able to significantly reduce the mechanical hypersensitivity in both ipsi- and contralateral hindpaws of mice injected with CFA, in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, the paw-oedema was progressively reduced by A. moluccanus. Similar results were obtained for the positive-control drug dexamethasone and the isolated compound 2″-O-rhamnosylswertisin. Besides the effects mentioned above, the extract was also effective to repair the joint damage in CFA-induced RA rats, including reduction of fibrosis, cartilage degradation and bone erosion scores. CONCLUSION These results together with the literature data reinforce the anti-hypersensitivity and anti-inflammatory activity of A. moluccanus extract. Part of the observed effects is due to the presence of the compound 2″-O-rhamnosylswertisin. The fact that the extract acted as a disease modifier point this herbal product as a promisor and safe tool to treat RA and other associated chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nara Lins Meira Quintão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | | | - Carla de-Souza Antonialli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Francieli da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lilian Wünsch Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Talita Elisa Berté
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Márcia Maria de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Pharmacy Course, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Christiane Meyre-Silva
- Pharmacy Course, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ruth Meri Lucinda-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Pharmacy Course, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Tania Mari Belle Bresolin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Pharmacy Course, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Pharmacy Course, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhu S, Zhu J, Zhen G, Hu Y, An S, Li Y, Zheng Q, Chen Z, Yang Y, Wan M, Skolasky RL, Cao Y, Wu T, Gao B, Yang M, Gao M, Kuliwaba J, Ni S, Wang L, Wu C, Findlay D, Eltzschig HK, Ouyang HW, Crane J, Zhou FQ, Guan Y, Dong X, Cao X. Subchondral bone osteoclasts induce sensory innervation and osteoarthritis pain. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1076-1093. [PMID: 30530994 DOI: 10.1172/jci121561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Joint pain is the defining symptom of osteoarthritis (OA) but its origin and mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated an unprecedented role of osteoclast-initiated subchondral bone remodeling in sensory innervation for OA pain. We show that osteoclasts secrete netrin-1 to induce sensory nerve axonal growth in subchondral bone. Reduction of osteoclast formation by knockout of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (Rankl) in osteocytes inhibited the growth of sensory nerves into subchondral bone, dorsal root ganglion neuron hyperexcitability, and behavioral measures of pain hypersensitivity in OA mice. Moreover, we demonstrated a possible role for netrin-1 secreted by osteoclasts during aberrant subchondral bone remodeling in inducing sensory innervation and OA pain through its receptor DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer). Importantly, knockout of Netrin1 in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP-positive) osteoclasts or knockdown of Dcc reduces OA pain behavior. In particular, inhibition of osteoclast activity by alendronate modifies aberrant subchondral bone remodeling and reduces innervation and pain behavior at the early stage of OA. These results suggest that intervention of the axonal guidance molecules (e.g., netrin-1) derived from aberrant subchondral bone remodeling may have therapeutic potential for OA pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shouan Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxi Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gehua Zhen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Senbo An
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, and Dermatology, Center of Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ya Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard Leroy Skolasky
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tianding Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Manman Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Julia Kuliwaba
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shuangfei Ni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chuanlong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Findlay
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hong Wei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,ZJU-UoE Joint Institute, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Janet Crane
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Feng-Quan Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, and Dermatology, Center of Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pain in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may be due to different etiologies, ranging from peripheral inflammation to dysregulation of central nervous system (CNS) processing. This review evaluates relevant literature published on RA pain mechanisms in recent years. RECENT FINDINGS Despite successes of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), pain persists for many RA patients. Studies involving patient-reported outcomes, quantitative sensory testing, and neuroimaging indicate that, in addition to joint inflammation, abnormalities in CNS pain processing may contribute to pain. Some DMARDs (e.g., janus kinus inhibitors) may work via multiple pathways to decrease pain. Adjunctive treatments (e.g., antidepressants, antiepileptics) may also be useful in managing pain in RA patients with well-controlled disease. Both peripheral and central mechanisms play key roles in the expression of pain in RA. To effectively manage pain, physicians need accurate assessment tools to identify the pathways involved in each patient so that treatments may be appropriately targeted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Zhang
- Commonwealth Honors College University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Yvonne C Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|