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Song Y, Li J, Wu Y. Evolving understanding of autoimmune mechanisms and new therapeutic strategies of autoimmune disorders. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:263. [PMID: 39362875 PMCID: PMC11452214 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune disorders are characterized by aberrant T cell and B cell reactivity to the body's own components, resulting in tissue destruction and organ dysfunction. Autoimmune diseases affect a wide range of people in many parts of the world and have become one of the major concerns in public health. In recent years, there have been substantial progress in our understanding of the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis and mechanisms of autoimmune diseases. Current approved therapeutic interventions for autoimmune diseases are mainly non-specific immunomodulators and may cause broad immunosuppression that leads to serious adverse effects. To overcome the limitations of immunosuppressive drugs in treating autoimmune diseases, precise and target-specific strategies are urgently needed. To date, significant advances have been made in our understanding of the mechanisms of immune tolerance, offering a new avenue for developing antigen-specific immunotherapies for autoimmune diseases. These antigen-specific approaches have shown great potential in various preclinical animal models and recently been evaluated in clinical trials. This review describes the common epidemiology, clinical manifestation and mechanisms of autoimmune diseases, with a focus on typical autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and sjögren's syndrome. We discuss the current therapeutics developed in this field, highlight the recent advances in the use of nanomaterials and mRNA vaccine techniques to induce antigen-specific immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Song
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China.
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Hromić-Jahjefendić A, Mahmutović L, Sezer A, Bećirević T, Rubio-Casillas A, Redwan EM, Uversky VN. The intersection of microbiome and autoimmunity in long COVID-19: Current insights and future directions. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024:S1359-6101(24)00062-5. [PMID: 39179487 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Long COVID-19 affects a significant percentage of patients and is characterized by a wide range of symptoms, including weariness and mental fog as well as emotional symptoms like worry and sadness. COVID-19 is closely linked to the autoimmune disorders that are becoming more prevalent worldwide and are linked to immune system hyperactivation, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) development, and molecular mimicry pathways. Long-term COVID-related autoimmune responses include a watchful immune system referring to the ability of immune system to constantly monitor the body for signs of infection, disease, or abnormal cells; altered innate and adaptive immune cells, autoantigens secreted by living or dead neutrophils, and high concentrations of autoantibodies directed against different proteins. The microbiome, which consists of billions of bacteria living in the human body, is essential for controlling immune responses and supporting overall health. The microbiome can affect the course of long COVID-associated autoimmunity, including the degree of illness, the rate of recovery, and the onset of autoimmune reactions. Although the precise role of the microbiome in long COVID autoimmunity is still being investigated, new studies indicate that probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary changes-interventions that target the microbiome-may be able to reduce autoimmune reactions and enhance long-term outcomes for COVID-19 survivors. More research is required to precisely understand how the microbiome affects COVID-19-related autoimmunity and to create tailored treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altijana Hromić-Jahjefendić
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka cesta 15, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Lejla Mahmutović
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka cesta 15, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Abas Sezer
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka cesta 15, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Tea Bećirević
- Atrijum Polyclinic, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Alberto Rubio-Casillas
- Autlan Regional Hospital, Health Secretariat, Autlan, Jalisco 48900, Mexico; Biology Laboratory, Autlan Regional Preparatory School, University of Guadalajara, Autlan, Jalisco 48900, Mexico.
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg EL-Arab 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC07, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Fan KD, Ogunrinde E, Wan Z, Li C, Jiang W. Racial Disparities in Plasma Cytokine and Microbiome Profiles. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1453. [PMID: 39065221 PMCID: PMC11279229 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many health issues prevalent in African American (AA) populations are associated with chronic inflammation and related health conditions, including autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, neurologic disorders, metabolic syndromes, and others. The current study aims to understand plasma microbiome translocation as a potential trigger for chronic inflammation. METHODS In this study, 16 Caucasian American (CA) and 22 African American (AA) healthy individuals were recruited. Microbial DNA was isolated from the plasma samples and sequenced via microbial 16S rRNA V3-4 sequencing. The plasma levels of 33 cytokines and chemokines were evaluated. The proinflammatory microbiomes were verified using human THP-1 cells in vitro. RESULTS The plasma levels of IL-6, IL-15, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and MIP-3α were higher in the AA people, whereas IL-1α and IL-27 were elevated in the CA people. The plasma microbiomes exhibited eight bacterial genera/phyla differentially enriched in the CA and AA people. Given the critical role of IL-6 in chronic inflammation and associated diseases, we identified five bacteria genera significantly associated with IL-6. The abundance of Actinomyces was positively correlated with the plasma IL-6 level (r = 0.41, p = 0.01), while the abundance of Kurthia (r = -0.34, p = 0.04), Noviherbaspirillum (r = -0.34, p = 0.04), Candidatus Protochlamydia (r = -0.36, p = 0.03), and Reyranella (r = -0.39, p = 0.02) was negatively correlated with this. Finally, the THP-1 cells treated with heat-killed bacteria produced higher levels of IL-6 in vitro in response to the Actinomyces species compared to the species in the genus either uncorrelated or negatively correlated with IL-6. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report potential blood microbiome translocation as a driver for persistently elevated IL-6 levels in the periphery in healthy AA versus CA people. Understanding the plasma microbiome linked to the IL-6 levels in people with different racial backgrounds is essential to unraveling the therapeutic approaches to improve precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Fan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave. Basic Science Building BS208F, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (K.D.F.); (Z.W.)
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Zhuang Wan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave. Basic Science Building BS208F, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (K.D.F.); (Z.W.)
| | - Chao Li
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74106, USA;
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave. Basic Science Building BS208F, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (K.D.F.); (Z.W.)
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
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Jaquez-Durán G, Arellano-Ortiz AL. Western diet components that increase intestinal permeability with implications on health. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:405-421. [PMID: 38009780 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal permeability is a physiological property that allows necessary molecules to enter the organism. This property is regulated by tight junction proteins located between intestinal epithelial cells. However, various factors can increase intestinal permeability (IIP), including diet. Specific components in the Western diet (WD), such as monosaccharides, fat, gluten, salt, alcohol, and additives, can affect the tight junctions between enterocytes, leading to increased permeability. This review explains how these components promote IIP and outlines their potential implications for health. In addition, we describe how a reduction in WD consumption may help improve dietary treatment of diseases associated with IIP. Research has shown that some of these components can cause changes in the gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis, which can promote greater intestinal permeability and displacement of endotoxins into the bloodstream. These endotoxins include lipopolysaccharides derived from gram-negative bacteria, and their presence has been associated with various diseases, such as autoimmune, neurological, and metabolic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, nutrition professionals should promote the reduction of WD consumption and consider the inclusion of healthy diet components as part of the nutritional treatment for diseases associated with increased intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Jaquez-Durán
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División Multidisciplinaria de Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, México
| | - Ana Lidia Arellano-Ortiz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División Multidisciplinaria de Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, México
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Wen X, Ogunrinde E, Wan Z, Cunningham M, Gilkeson G, Jiang W. Racial Differences in Plasma Microbial Translocation and Plasma Microbiome, Implications in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Pathogenesis. ACR Open Rheumatol 2024; 6:365-374. [PMID: 38563441 PMCID: PMC11168915 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Black groups have increased prevalence and accelerated pathogenicity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared to other ethnic/racial groups. The microbiome and systemic microbial translocation are considered contributing factors to SLE disease pathogenesis. However, racial differences in the plasma microbiome and microbial translocation in lupus remain unknown. METHODS In the current study, we investigated plasma levels of microbial translocation (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] and zonulin) and the plasma microbiome using microbial 16S RNA sequencing of Black and White patients with SLE and Black and White healthy controls. RESULTS Plasma microbial translocation was increased in Black patients versus in White patients and in patients with SLE versus healthy controls regardless of race. Compared to sex, age, and disease status, race had the strongest association with plasma microbiome differences. Black groups (Black controls and Black patients) had lower α-diversity than White groups (White controls and White patients) and more distinct β-diversity. Black and White patients demonstrated differences in plasma bacterial presence, including Staphylococcus and Burkholderia. Compared to White patients, Black patients had higher SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) scores and urinary protein levels as well as a trend for increased anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody levels consistent with the known increased severity of lupus in Black patients overall. Certain plasma bacteria at the genus level were identified that were associated with the SLEDAI score, urinary protein, and anti-dsDNA antibody levels. CONCLUSION This study reveals racial differences in both quality and quantity of plasma microbial translocation and identified specific plasma microbiome differences associated with SLE disease pathogenesis. Thus, this study may provide new insights into future potential microbiome therapies on SLE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhuang Wan
- Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston
| | | | - Gary Gilkeson
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCharlestonSouth Carolina
| | - Wei Jiang
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCharlestonSouth Carolina
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Liu B, Li A, Liu Y, Zhou X, Xu J, Zuo X, Xue K, Cui Y. Transcobalamin 2 orchestrates monocyte proliferation and TLR4-driven inflammation in systemic lupus erythematosus via folate one-carbon metabolism. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1339680. [PMID: 38881906 PMCID: PMC11176449 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1339680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background SLE is a complex autoimmune disease with deleterious effects on various organs. Accumulating evidence has shown abnormal vitamin B12 and one-carbon flux contribute to immune dysfunction. Transcobalamin II (TCN2) belongs to the vitamin B12-binding protein family responsible for the cellular uptake of vitamin B12. The role of TCN2 in SLE is still unclear. Methods We collected clinical information and blood from 51 patients with SLE and 28 healthy controls. RNA sequencing analysis, qPCR, and western blot confirmed the alteration of TCN2 in disease monocytes. The correlation between TCN2 expression and clinical features and serological abnormalities was analyzed. TCN2 heterozygous knockout THP1 cells were used to explore the effects of TCN2 dysfunction on monocytes. CCK-8 assay and EdU staining were used to detect cell proliferation. ELISA was conducted to assess vitamin B12, glutathione, and cytokines changes. UHPLC-MRM-MS/MS was used to detect changes in the intermediates of the one-carbon cycle. Flow cytometry is used to detect cell cycle, ROS, mitoROS, and CD14 changes. Results Elevated TCN2 in monocytes was correlated positively with disease progression and specific tissue injuries. Using CD14+ monocytes and TCN2 genetically modified THP1 cell lines, we found that the TCN2 was induced by LPS in serum from SLE patients. TCN2 heterozygous knockout inhibited cellular vitamin B12 uptake and one-carbon metabolism, leading to cell proliferation arrest and decreased Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated CCL2 release. Methionine cycle metabolites, s-adenosylmethionine and homocysteine, rescued these effects, whereas folate treatment proved to be ineffective. Folate deficiency also failed to replicate the impact of TCN2 downregulation on THP1 inflammatory response. Conclusion Our study elucidated the unique involvement of TCN2-driven one-carbon flux on SLE-associated monocyte behavior. Increased TCN2 may promote disease progression and tissue damage by enhancing one-carbon flux, fostering monocyte proliferation, and exacerbating TLR4 mediated inflammatory responses. The inhibition of TCN2 may be a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzhu Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingkai Xu
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xianbo Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Xue
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhao M, Wen X, Liu R, Xu K. Microbial dysbiosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: a scientometric study. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1319654. [PMID: 38863759 PMCID: PMC11166128 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1319654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease. Mounting evidence suggests microbiota dysbiosis augment autoimmune response. This study aims to provide a systematic overview of this research field in SLE through a bibliometric analysis. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search and retrieval of literature related to microbial researches in SLE from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. The retrieved articles were subjected to bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer and Bibliometricx to explore annual publication output, collaborative patterns, research hotspots, current research status, and emerging trends. Results In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of 218 research articles and 118 review articles. The quantity of publications rises annually, notably surging in 2015 and 2018. The United States and China emerged as the leading contributors in microbial research of SLE. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences had the highest publication outputs among the institutions. Frontiers in Immunology published the most papers. Luo XM and Margolles A were the most prolific and highly cited contributors among individual authors. Microbial research in SLE primarily focused on changes in microbial composition, particularly gut microbiota, as well as the mechanisms and practical applications in SLE. Recent trends emphasize "metabolites," "metabolomics," "fatty acids," "T cells," "lactobacillus," and "dietary supplementation," indicating a growing emphasis on microbial metabolism and interventions in SLE. Conclusion This study provides a thorough analysis of the research landscape concerning microbiota in SLE. The microbial research in SLE mainly focused on three aspects: microbial dysbiosis, mechanism studies and translational studies (microbiota-based therapeutics). It identifies current research trends and focal points, offering valuable guidance for scholars in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhao
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoting Wen
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruiling Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Basic Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Silverman GJ, Azzouz DF, Gisch N, Amarnani A. The gut microbiome in systemic lupus erythematosus: lessons from rheumatic fever. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:143-157. [PMID: 38321297 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-01071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
For more than a century, certain bacterial infections that can breach the skin and mucosal barriers have been implicated as common triggers of autoimmune syndromes, especially post-infection autoimmune diseases that include rheumatic fever and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. However, only in the past few years has the importance of imbalances within our own commensal microbiota communities, and within the gut, in the absence of infection, in promoting autoimmune pathogenesis become fully appreciated. A diversity of species and mechanisms have been implicated, including disruption of the gut barrier. Emerging data suggest that expansions (or blooms) of pathobiont species are involved in autoimmune pathogenesis and stimulate clonal expansion of T cells and B cells that recognize microbial antigens. This Review discusses the relationship between the gut microbiome and the immune system, and the potential consequence of disrupting the community balance in terms of autoimmune development, focusing on systemic lupus erythematosus. Notably, inter-relationships between expansions of certain members within gut microbiota communities and concurrent autoimmune responses bear features reminiscent of classical post-infection autoimmune disease. From such insights, new therapeutic opportunities are being considered to restore the balance within microbiota communities or re-establishing the gut-barrier integrity to reinforce immune homeostasis in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg J Silverman
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Doua F Azzouz
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Abhimanyu Amarnani
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Liu X, Wang X, Zhang P, Fang Y, Liu Y, Ding Y, Zhang W. Intestinal homeostasis in the gut-lung-kidney axis: a prospective therapeutic target in immune-related chronic kidney diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1266792. [PMID: 38022571 PMCID: PMC10646503 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1266792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role of intestinal homeostasis in health has received increasing interest, significantly improving our understanding of the complex pathophysiological interactions of the gut with other organs. Microbiota dysbiosis, impaired intestinal barrier, and aberrant intestinal immunity appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of immune-related chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Meanwhile, the relationship between the pathological changes in the respiratory tract (e.g., infection, fibrosis, granuloma) and immune-related CKD cannot be ignored. The present review aimed to elucidate the new underlying mechanism of immune-related CKD. The lungs may affect kidney function through intestinal mediation. Communication is believed to exist between the gut and lung microbiota across long physiological distances. Following the inhalation of various pathogenic factors (e.g., particulate matter 2.5 mum or less in diameter, pathogen) in the air through the mouth and nose, considering the anatomical connection between the nasopharynx and lungs, gut microbiome regulates oxidative stress and inflammatory states in the lungs and kidneys. Meanwhile, the intestine participates in the differentiation of T cells and promotes the migration of various immune cells to specific organs. This better explain the occurrence and progression of CKD caused by upper respiratory tract precursor infection and suggests the relationship between the lungs and kidney complications in some autoimmune diseases (e.g., anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies -associated vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus). CKD can also affect the progression of lung diseases (e.g., acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). We conclude that damage to the gut barrier appears to contribute to the development of immune-related CKD through gut-lung-kidney interplay, leading us to establish the gut-lung-kidney axis hypothesis. Further, we discuss possible therapeutic interventions and targets. For example, using prebiotics, probiotics, and laxatives (e.g., Rhubarb officinale) to regulate the gut ecology to alleviate oxidative stress, as well as improve the local immune system of the intestine and immune communication with the lungs and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiande First People’s Hospital, Jiande, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Lin’an District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Fang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Geriatric, Zhejiang Aged Care Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueyue Ding
- Department of Geriatric, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
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Yang S, Du P, Cui H, Zheng M, He W, Gao X, Hu Z, Jia S, Lu Q, Zhao M. Regulatory factor X1 induces macrophage M1 polarization by promoting DNA demethylation in autoimmune inflammation. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e165546. [PMID: 37733446 PMCID: PMC10619507 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal macrophage polarization is generally present in autoimmune diseases. Overwhelming M1 macrophage activation promotes the continuous progression of inflammation, which is one of the reasons for the development of autoimmune diseases. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here we explore the function of Regulatory factor X1 (RFX1) in macrophage polarization by constructing colitis and lupus-like mouse models. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that RFX1 can promote M1 and inhibit M2 macrophage polarization. Furthermore, we found that RFX1 promoted DNA demethylation of macrophage polarization-related genes by increasing APOBEC3A/Apobec3 expression. We identified a potential RFX1 inhibitor, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), providing a potential strategy for treating autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pei Du
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haobo Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meiling Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofei Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sujie Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Azzouz DF, Chen Z, Izmirly PM, Chen LA, Li Z, Zhang C, Mieles D, Trujillo K, Heguy A, Pironti A, Putzel GG, Schwudke D, Fenyo D, Buyon JP, Alekseyenko AV, Gisch N, Silverman GJ. Longitudinal gut microbiome analyses and blooms of pathogenic strains during lupus disease flares. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:1315-1327. [PMID: 37365013 PMCID: PMC10511964 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-223929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whereas genetic susceptibility for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been well explored, the triggers for clinical disease flares remain elusive. To investigate relationships between microbiota community resilience and disease activity, we performed the first longitudinal analyses of lupus gut-microbiota communities. METHODS In an observational study, taxononomic analyses, including multivariate analysis of ß-diversity, assessed time-dependent alterations in faecal communities from patients and healthy controls. From gut blooms, strains were isolated, with genomes and associated glycans analysed. RESULTS Multivariate analyses documented that, unlike healthy controls, significant temporal community-wide ecological microbiota instability was common in SLE patients, and transient intestinal growth spikes of several pathogenic species were documented. Expansions of only the anaerobic commensal, Ruminococcus (blautia) gnavus (RG) occurred at times of high-disease activity, and were detected in almost half of patients during lupus nephritis (LN) disease flares. Whole genome sequence analysis of RG strains isolated during these flares documented 34 genes postulated to aid adaptation and expansion within a host with an inflammatory condition. Yet, the most specific feature of strains found during lupus flares was the common expression of a novel type of cell membrane-associated lipoglycan. These lipoglycans share conserved structural features documented by mass spectroscopy, and highly immunogenic repetitive antigenic-determinants, recognised by high-level serum IgG2 antibodies, that spontaneously arose, concurrent with RG blooms and lupus flares. CONCLUSIONS Our findings rationalise how blooms of the RG pathobiont may be common drivers of clinical flares of often remitting-relapsing lupus disease, and highlight the potential pathogenic properties of specific strains isolated from active LN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doua F Azzouz
- Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ze Chen
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter M Izmirly
- Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lea Ann Chen
- Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhi Li
- Institute of Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chongda Zhang
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Mieles
- Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kate Trujillo
- Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adriana Heguy
- Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alejandro Pironti
- Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Greg G Putzel
- Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dominik Schwudke
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemsitry, Forschungszentrum Borstel Leibniz Lungenzentrum, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site: Hamburg-Lübeck, Borstel, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Partner Site: Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - David Fenyo
- Institute of Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jill P Buyon
- Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander V Alekseyenko
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Biomedical Informatics Center, Program for Microbiome Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Forschungszentrum Borstel Leibniz Lungenzentrum, Borstel, Germany
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Lupu VV, Butnariu LI, Fotea S, Morariu ID, Badescu MC, Starcea IM, Salaru DL, Popp A, Dragan F, Lupu A, Mocanu A, Chisnoiu T, Pantazi AC, Jechel E. The Disease with a Thousand Faces and the Human Microbiome-A Physiopathogenic Intercorrelation in Pediatric Practice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3359. [PMID: 37571295 PMCID: PMC10420997 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous interrelationships are known in the literature that have the final effect of unmasking or influencing various pathologies. Among these, the present article aims to discuss the connection between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the human microbiome. The main purpose of this work is to popularize information about the impact of dysbiosis on the pathogenesis and evolutionary course of pediatric patients with SLE. Added to this is the interest in knowledge and awareness of adjunctive therapeutic means that has the ultimate goal of increasing the quality of life. The means by which this can be achieved can be briefly divided into prophylactic or curative, depending on the phase of the condition in which the patient is. We thus reiterate the importance of the clinician acquiring an overview of SLE and the human microbiome, doubled by in-depth knowledge of the physio-pathogenic interactions between the two (in part achieved through the much-studied gut-target organ axes-brain, heart, lung, skin), with the target objective being that of obtaining individualized, multimodal and efficient management for each individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Silvia Fotea
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Ionela Daniela Morariu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Minerva Codruta Badescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iuliana Magdalena Starcea
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Delia Lidia Salaru
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Popp
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Felicia Dragan
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Ancuta Lupu
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Adriana Mocanu
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Tatiana Chisnoiu
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | | | - Elena Jechel
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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13
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Ma L, Terrell M, Brown J, Castellanos Garcia A, Elshikha A, Morel L. TLR7/TLR8 activation and susceptibility genes synergize to breach gut barrier in a mouse model of lupus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1187145. [PMID: 37483626 PMCID: PMC10358848 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1187145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mounting evidence suggests that increased gut permeability, or leaky gut, and the resulting translocation of pathobionts or their metabolites contributes to the pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. However, the mechanisms underlying the induction of gut leakage remain unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of a treatment with a TLR7/8 agonist in the B6.Sle1.Sle2.Sle3 triple congenic (TC) mouse, a spontaneous mouse model of lupus without gut leakage. Materials and methods Lupus-prone mice (TC), TC.Rag1-/- mice that lack B and T cells, and congenic B6 healthy controls were treated with R848. Gut barrier integrity was assessed by measuring FITC-dextran in the serum following oral gavage. Claudin-1 and PECAM1 expression as well as the extent of CD45+ immune cells, B220+ B cells, CD3+ T cells and CD11b+ myeloid cells were measured in the ileum by immunofluorescence. NKp46+ cells were measured in the ileum and colon by immunofluorescence. Immune cells in the ileum were also analyzed by flow cytometry. Results R848 decreased gut barrier integrity in TC but not in congenic control B6 mice. Immunofluorescence staining of the ileum showed a reduced expression of the tight junction protein Claudin-1, endothelial cell tight junction PECAM1, as well as an increased infiltration of immune cells, including B cells and CD11b+ cells, in R848-treated TC as compared to untreated control mice. However, NKp46+ cells which play critical role in maintaining gut barrier integrity, had a lower frequency in treated TC mice. Flow cytometry showed an increased frequency of plasma cells, dendritic cells and macrophages along with a decreased frequency of NK cells in R848 treated TC mice lamina propria. In addition, we showed that the R848 treatment did not induce gut leakage in TC.Rag1-/- mice that lack mature T and B cells. Conclusions These results demonstrate that TLR7/8 activation induces a leaky gut in lupus-prone mice, which is mediated by adaptive immune responses. TLR7/8 activation is however not sufficient to breach gut barrier integrity in non-autoimmune mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhuan Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Morgan Terrell
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Josephine Brown
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Abigail Castellanos Garcia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ahmed Elshikha
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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14
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Lei Y, Liu Q, Li Q, Zhao C, Zhao M, Lu Q. Exploring the Complex Relationship Between Microbiota and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2023; 25:107-116. [PMID: 37083877 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-023-01102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by various autoantibodies and multi-organ. Microbiota dysbiosis in the gut, skin, oral, and other surfaces has a significant impact on SLE development. This article summarizes relevant research and provides new microbiome-related strategies for exploring the mechanisms and treating patients with SLE. RECENT FINDINGS SLE patients have disruptions in multiple microbiomes, with the gut microbiota (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) and their metabolites being the most thoroughly researched. This dysbiosis can promote SLE progression through mechanisms such as the leaky gut, molecular mimicry, and epigenetic regulation. Notwithstanding study constraints on the relationship between microbiota and SLE, specific interventions targeting the gut microbiota, such as probiotics, dietary management, and fecal microbiota transplantation, have emerged as promising SLE therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianmei Liu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - Qilin Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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15
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Akhil A, Bansal R, Anupam K, Tandon A, Bhatnagar A. Systemic lupus erythematosus: latest insight into etiopathogenesis. Rheumatol Int 2023:10.1007/s00296-023-05346-x. [PMID: 37226016 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology. Multifactorial interaction among various susceptible factors such as environmental, hormonal, and genetic factors makes it more heterogeneous and complex. Genetic and epigenetic modifications have been realized to regulate the immunobiology of lupus through environmental modifications such as diet and nutrition. Although these interactions may vary from population to population, the understanding of these risk factors can enhance the perception of the mechanistic basis of lupus etiology. To recognize the recent advances in lupus, an electronic search was conducted among search engines such as Google Scholar and PubMed, where we found about 30.4% publications of total studies related to genetics and epigenetics, 33.5% publications related to immunobiology and 34% related to environmental factors. These outcomes suggested that management of diet and lifestyle have a direct relationship with the severity of lupus that influence via modulating the complex interaction among genetics and immunobiology. The present review emphasizes the knowledge about the multifactorial interactions between various susceptible factors based on recent advances that will further update the understanding of mechanisms involved in disease pathoetiology. Knowledge of these mechanisms will further assist in the creation of novel diagnostic and therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Akhil
- Department of Biochemistry, BMS-Block II, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Rohit Bansal
- Department of Biochemistry, BMS-Block II, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kumari Anupam
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Ankit Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Archana Bhatnagar
- Department of Biochemistry, BMS-Block II, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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16
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Nesci A, Carnuccio C, Ruggieri V, D'Alessandro A, Di Giorgio A, Santoro L, Gasbarrini A, Santoliquido A, Ponziani FR. Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence on the Metabolic and Inflammatory Background of a Complex Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109087. [PMID: 37240434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies in recent years have demonstrated that gut microbiota-host interactions play an important role in human health and disease, including inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. Dysbiosis has been linked to not only well-known inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematous, but also to cardiovascular risk factors, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The ways the microbiota is involved in modulating cardiovascular risk are multiple and not only related to inflammatory mechanisms. Indeed, human and the gut microbiome cooperate as a metabolically active superorganism, and this affects host physiology through metabolic pathways. In turn, congestion of the splanchnic circulation associated with heart failure, edema of the intestinal wall, and altered function and permeability of the intestinal barrier result in the translocation of bacteria and their products into the systemic circulation, further enhancing the pro-inflammatory conditions underlying cardiovascular disorders. The aim of the present review is to describe the complex interplay between gut microbiota, its metabolites, and the development and evolution of cardiovascular diseases. We also discuss the possible interventions intended to modulate the gut microbiota to reduce cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Nesci
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Carnuccio
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Ruggieri
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia D'Alessandro
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Di Giorgio
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Santoro
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Digestive Disease Center (CEMAD), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Santoliquido
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Digestive Disease Center (CEMAD), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are a diverse group of conditions characterized by aberrant B cell and T cell reactivity to normal constituents of the host. These diseases occur widely and affect individuals of all ages, especially women. Among these diseases, the most prominent immunological manifestation is the production of autoantibodies, which provide valuable biomarkers for diagnosis, classification and disease activity. Although T cells have a key role in pathogenesis, they are technically more difficult to assay. In general, autoimmune disease results from an interplay between a genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Genetic predisposition to autoimmunity is complex and can involve multiple genes that regulate the function of immune cell populations. Less frequently, autoimmunity can result from single-gene mutations that affect key regulatory pathways. Infection seems to be a common trigger for autoimmune disease, although the microbiota can also influence pathogenesis. As shown in seminal studies, patients may express autoantibodies many years before the appearance of clinical or laboratory signs of disease - a period called pre-clinical autoimmunity. Monitoring autoantibody expression in at-risk populations may therefore enable early detection and the initiation of therapy to prevent or attenuate tissue damage. Autoimmunity may not be static, however, and remission can be achieved by some patients treated with current agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Pisetsky
- Duke University Medical Center, Medical Research Service, Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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18
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Fu X, Cheng D, Luo Z, Heath SL, Adekunle R, McKinnon JE, Martin L, Sheng Z, Espinosa E, Jiang W. Impacts of plasma microbial lipopolysaccharide translocation on B cell perturbations and anti-CD4 autoantibody production in people with HIV on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:78. [PMID: 37138358 PMCID: PMC10157945 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND . Up to 20% of people with HIV (PWH) who undergo virologically suppressed antiretroviral therapy (ART) fail to experience complete immune restoration. We recently reported that plasma anti-CD4 IgG (antiCD4IgG) autoantibodies from immune non-responders specifically deplete CD4 + T cells via antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. However, the mechanism of antiCD4IgG production remains unclear. METHODS . Blood samples were collected from 16 healthy individuals and 25 PWH on suppressive ART. IgG subclass, plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and antiCD4IgG levels were measured by ELISA. Gene profiles in B cells were analyzed by microarray and quantitative PCR. Furthermore, a patient-derived antiCD4IgG-producing B cell line was generated and stimulated with LPS in vitro. B cell IgG class switch recombination (CSR) was evaluated in response to LPS in splenic B cells from C57/B6 mice in vitro. RESULTS . Increased plasma anti-CD4 IgGs in PWH were predominantly IgG1 and associated with increased plasma LPS levels as well as B cell expression of TLR2, TLR4, and MyD88 mRNA in vivo. Furthermore, LPS stimulation induced antiCD4IgG production in the antiCD4IgG B cell line in vitro. Finally, LPS promoted CSR in vitro. CONCLUSION . Our findings suggest that persistent LPS translocation may promote anti-CD4 autoreactive B cell activation and antiCD4IgG production in PWH on ART, which may contribute to gradual CD4 + T cell depletion. This study suggests that reversing a compromised mucosal barrier could improve ART outcomes in PWH who fail to experience complete immune restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Fu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave. BSB207, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Da Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave. BSB207, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Zhenwu Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave. BSB207, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Sonya L Heath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Ruth Adekunle
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave. BSB207, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, 29401, USA
| | - John E McKinnon
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, 29401, USA
| | - Lisa Martin
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, 29401, USA
| | - Zizhang Sheng
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Enrique Espinosa
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave. BSB207, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave. BSB207, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, 29401, USA.
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19
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Johnson D, Jiang W. Infectious diseases, autoantibodies, and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2023; 137:102962. [PMID: 36470769 PMCID: PMC10235211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Infections are known to trigger flares of autoimmune diseases in humans and serve as an inciting cause of autoimmunity in animals. Evidence suggests a causative role of infections in triggering antigen-specific autoimmunity, previous thought mainly through antigen mimicry. However, an infection can induce bystander autoreactive T and B cell polyclonal activation, believed to result in non-pathogenic and pathogenic autoimmune responses. Lastly, epitope spreading in autoimmunity is a mechanism of epitope changes of autoreactive cells induced by infection, promoting the targeting of additional self-epitopes. This review highlights recent research findings, emphasizes infection-mediated autoimmune responses, and discusses the possible mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA; Divison of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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20
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Balmant BD, Fonseca DC, Prudêncio APA, Rocha IM, Callado L, Alves JTM, Torrinhas RSMDM, Borba EF, Waitzberg DL. Megamonas funiformis, Plasma Zonulin, and Sodium Intake Affect C3 Complement Levels in Inactive Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081999. [PMID: 37111218 PMCID: PMC10144636 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unclear, with both genetic and environmental factors potentially contributing. This study aimed to explore the relationship among gut microbiota (GM), intestinal permeability, and food intake with inflammatory markers in inactive SLE patients. A total of 22 women with inactive SLE and 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled, and dietary intake was assessed through 24-h dietary recalls. Plasma zonulin was used to evaluate intestinal permeability, while GM was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. Regression models were used to analyze laboratory markers of lupus disease (C3 and C4 complement and C-reactive protein). Our results showed that the genus Megamonas was significantly enriched in the iSLE group (p < 0.001), with Megamonas funiformis associated with all evaluated laboratory tests (p < 0.05). Plasma zonulin was associated with C3 levels (p = 0.016), and sodium intake was negatively associated with C3 and C4 levels (p < 0.05). A combined model incorporating variables from each group (GM, intestinal permeability, and food intake) demonstrated a significant association with C3 complement levels (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that increased Megamonas funiformis abundance, elevated plasma zonulin, and higher sodium intake may contribute to reduced C3 complement levels in women with inactive SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Depieri Balmant
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System, LIM 35, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Danielle Cristina Fonseca
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System, LIM 35, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Aguiar Prudêncio
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System, LIM 35, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Ilanna Marques Rocha
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System, LIM 35, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Letícia Callado
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System, LIM 35, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Susana Matos de Miranda Torrinhas
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System, LIM 35, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ferreira Borba
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Dan Linetzky Waitzberg
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System, LIM 35, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
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21
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Qu S, Zheng Y, Huang Y, Feng Y, Xu K, Zhang W, Wang Y, Nie K, Qin M. Excessive consumption of mucin by over-colonized Akkermansia muciniphila promotes intestinal barrier damage during malignant intestinal environment. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1111911. [PMID: 36937258 PMCID: PMC10018180 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1111911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota disorders damage the intestinal barrier, which causes intestinal disease. Thus, we screened the microbiota with significant changes using an in situ malignant colorectal cancer (CRC) model. Among the colonies with increased abundance, Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) is known for its characteristic of breaking down mucin, which is an essential component of the intestinal barrier. The role of A. muciniphila remains controversial. To investigate the effect of excess A. muciniphila on the intestinal barrier, we established an over-colonized A. muciniphila mouse model by administering a live bacterial suspension after disrupting the original gut microbiome with antibiotics. The results showed that over-colonization of A. muciniphila decreased intestinal mucin content. The mRNA and protein expression levels of tight junction proteins also decreased significantly in the over-colonized A. muciniphila mouse model. Our findings reveal that excess colonization by A. muciniphila breaks the dynamic balance between mucin secretion and degradation, reduces the thickness of the intestinal mucus layer, and damages the intestinal barrier, which would eventually aggravate the development of colitis and CRC. These results will raise awareness about the safety of A. muciniphila serving as a probiotic.
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Schinnerling K, Penny HA, Soto JA, Melo-Gonzalez F. Immune Responses at Host Barriers and Their Importance in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1408:3-24. [PMID: 37093419 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26163-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Host barriers such as the skin, the lung mucosa, the intestinal mucosa and the oral cavity are crucial at preventing contact with potential threats and are populated by a diverse population of innate and adaptive immune cells. Alterations in antigen recognition driven by genetic and environmental factors can lead to autoimmune systemic diseases such rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and food allergy. Here we review how different immune cells residing at epithelial barriers, host-derived signals and environmental signals are involved in the initiation and progression of autoimmune responses in these diseases. We discuss how regulation of innate responses at these barriers and the influence of environmental factors such as the microbiota can affect the susceptibility to develop local and systemic autoimmune responses particularly in the cases of food allergy, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Induction of pathogenic autoreactive immune responses at host barriers in these diseases can contribute to the initiation and progression of their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugo A Penny
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jorge A Soto
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Felipe Melo-Gonzalez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.
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23
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Long COVID and the Neuroendocrinology of Microbial Translocation Outside the GI Tract: Some Treatment Strategies. ENDOCRINES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines3040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to previous pandemics, COVID-19 has been succeeded by well-documented post-infectious sequelae, including chronic fatigue, cough, shortness of breath, myalgia, and concentration difficulties, which may last 5 to 12 weeks or longer after the acute phase of illness. Both the psychological stress of SARS-CoV-2 infection and being diagnosed with COVID-19 can upregulate cortisol, a stress hormone that disrupts the efferocytosis effectors, macrophages, and natural killer cells, leading to the excessive accumulation of senescent cells and disruption of biological barriers. This has been well-established in cancer patients who often experience unrelenting fatigue as well as gut and blood–brain barrier dysfunction upon treatment with senescence-inducing radiation or chemotherapy. In our previous research from 2020 and 2021, we linked COVID-19 to myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) via angiotensin II upregulation, premature endothelial senescence, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and microbial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract into the systemic circulation. In 2021 and 2022, these hypotheses were validated and SARS-CoV-2-induced cellular senescence as well as microbial translocation were documented in both acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, long COVID, and ME/CFS, connecting intestinal barrier dysfunction to disabling fatigue and specific infectious events. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize what is currently known about host immune responses to translocated gut microbes and how these responses relate to fatiguing illnesses, including long COVID. To accomplish this goal, we examine the role of intestinal and blood–brain barriers in long COVID and other illnesses typified by chronic fatigue, with a special emphasis on commensal microbes functioning as viral reservoirs. Furthermore, we discuss the role of SARS-CoV-2/Mycoplasma coinfection in dysfunctional efferocytosis, emphasizing some potential novel treatment strategies, including the use of senotherapeutic drugs, HMGB1 inhibitors, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) blockers, and membrane lipid replacement.
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24
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Silverman GJ, Deng J, Azzouz DF. Sex-dependent Lupus Blautia (Ruminococcus) gnavus strain induction of zonulin-mediated intestinal permeability and autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:897971. [PMID: 36032126 PMCID: PMC9405438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.897971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Imbalances in the gut microbiome are suspected contributors to the pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, and our studies and others have documented that patients with active Lupus nephritis have expansions of the obligate anaerobe, Blautia (Ruminococcus) gnavus (RG). To investigate whether the RG strains in Lupus patients have in vivo pathogenic properties in a gnotobiotic system, we colonized C57BL/6 mice with individual RG strains from healthy adults or those from Lupus patients. These strains were similar in their capacity for murine intestinal colonization of antibiotic-preconditioned specific-pathogen-free, as well as of germ-free adults and of their neonatally colonized litters. Lupus-derived RG strains induced high levels of intestinal permeability that was significantly greater in female than male mice, whereas the RG species-type strain (ATCC29149/VPI C7-1) from a healthy donor had little or no effects. These Lupus RG strain-induced functional alterations were associated with RG translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes, and raised serum levels of zonulin, a regulator of tight junction formation between cells that form the gut barrier. Notably, the level of Lupus RG-induced intestinal permeability was significantly correlated with serum IgG anti RG cell-wall lipoglycan antibodies, and with anti-native DNA autoantibodies that are a biomarker for SLE. Strikingly, gut permeability was completely reversed by oral treatment with larazotide acetate, an octapeptide that is a specific molecular antagonist of zonulin. Taken together, these studies document a pathway by which RG strains from Lupus patients contribute to a leaky gut and features of autoimmunity implicated in the pathogenesis of flares of clinical Lupus disease.
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Charoensappakit A, Sae-Khow K, Leelahavanichkul A. Gut Barrier Damage and Gut Translocation of Pathogen Molecules in Lupus, an Impact of Innate Immunity (Macrophages and Neutrophils) in Autoimmune Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158223. [PMID: 35897790 PMCID: PMC9367802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut barrier is a single cell layer that separates gut micro-organisms from the host, and gut permeability defects result in the translocation of microbial molecules from the gut into the blood. Despite the silent clinical manifestation, gut translocation of microbial molecules can induce systemic inflammation that might be an endogenous exacerbating factor of systemic lupus erythematosus. In contrast, circulatory immune-complex deposition and the effect of medications on the gut, an organ with an extremely large surface area, of patients with active lupus might cause gut translocation of microbial molecules, which worsens lupus severity. Likewise, the imbalance of gut microbiota may initiate lupus and/or interfere with gut integrity which results in microbial translocation and lupus exacerbation. Moreover, immune hyper-responsiveness of innate immune cells (macrophages and neutrophils) is demonstrated in a lupus model from the loss of inhibitory Fc gamma receptor IIb (FcgRIIb), which induces prominent responses through the cross-link between activating-FcgRs and innate immune receptors. The immune hyper-responsiveness can cause cell death, especially apoptosis and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETosis), which possibly exacerbates lupus, partly through the enhanced exposure of the self-antigens. Leaky gut monitoring and treatments (such as probiotics) might be beneficial in lupus. Here, we discuss the current information on leaky gut in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awirut Charoensappakit
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kritsanawan Sae-Khow
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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26
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Ning W, Cheng D, Howe PH, Bian C, Kamen DL, Luo Z, Fu X, Ogunrinde E, Yang L, Wang X, Li QZ, Oates J, Zhang W, White D, Wan Z, Gilkeson GS, Jiang W. Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan (PGN) induces pathogenic autoantibody production via autoreactive B cell receptor clonal selection, implications in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun 2022; 131:102860. [PMID: 35810689 PMCID: PMC9397544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is an intricate interplay between the microbiome and the immune response impacting development of normal immunity and autoimmunity. However, we do not fully understand how the microbiome affects production of natural-like and pathogenic autoantibodies. Peptidoglycan (PGN) is a component of the bacterial cell wall which is highly antigenic. PGNs from different bacteria can differ in their immune regulatory activities. METHODS C57BL/6 and MRL/lpr mice were intraperitoneally injected with saline or PGN from Staphylococcus aureus or Bacillus subtilis. Spleen anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) IgG + B cells were sorted for B-cell receptor sequencing. Serum autoantibody levels and kidney damage were analyzed. Further, the association between plasma S. aureus translocation and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis was assessed in women. RESULTS Administration of B. subtilis PGN induced natural-like anti-dsDNA autoantibodies (e.g., IgM, short lived IgG response, and no tissue damage), whereas S. aureus PGN induced pathogenic anti-dsDNA autoantibodies (e.g., prolonged IgG production, low IgM, autoantibody-mediated kidney damage) in C57BL/6 and/or MRL/lpr mice. However, serum total IgG did not differ. S. aureus PGN induced antibodies with reduced clonality and greater hypermutation of IGHV3-74 in splenic anti-dsDNA IgG + B cells from C57BL/6 mice. Further, S. aureus PGN promoted IgG class switch recombination via toll-like receptor 2. Plasma S. aureus DNA levels were increased in women with SLE versus control women and correlated with levels of lupus-related autoantibodies and renal involvement. CONCLUSIONS S. aureus PGN induces pathogenic autoantibody production, whereas B. subtilis PGN drives production of natural nonpathogenic autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangbin Ning
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB208D, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Da Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB208D, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA; Department of Infectious Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Philip H Howe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, USA
| | - Chuanxiu Bian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB208D, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Diane L Kamen
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty Street, Strom Thurmond Research Building Room 416, Charleston, SC, 29403, USA
| | - Zhenwu Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB208D, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Fu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB208D, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA; Department of Infectious Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Elizabeth Ogunrinde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB208D, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB208D, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA; The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB208D, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA; Department of Urology, Capital Medical University Affiliated XuanWu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jim Oates
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty Street, Strom Thurmond Research Building Room 416, Charleston, SC, 29403, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Weiru Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - David White
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Zhuang Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB208D, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Gary S Gilkeson
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty Street, Strom Thurmond Research Building Room 416, Charleston, SC, 29403, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB208D, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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27
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An J, Liu Y, Wang Y, Fan R, Hu X, Zhang F, Yang J, Chen J. The Role of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier in Autoimmune Disease: A Potential Target. Front Immunol 2022; 13:871713. [PMID: 35844539 PMCID: PMC9284064 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.871713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are a series of diseases involving multiple tissues and organs, characterized by the over production of abnormal multiple antibodies. Although most studies support that the impaired immune balance participates in the development of autoimmune diseases, the specific pathogenesis of it is not fully understood. Intestinal immunity, especially the intestinal mucosal barrier has become a research hotspot, which is considered to be an upstream mechanism leading to the impaired immune balance. As an important defense barrier, the intestinal mucosal barrier regulates and maintains the homeostasis of internal environment. Once the intestinal barrier function is impaired under the effect of multiple factors, it will destroy the immune homeostasis, trigger inflammatory response, and participate in the development of autoimmune diseases in the final. However, the mechanism of the intestinal mucosal barrier how to regulate the homeostasis and inflammation is not clear. Some studies suggest that it maintains the balance of immune homeostasis through the zonulin pathway, intestinal microbiome, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Our review focused on the composition and the function of the intestinal mucosal barrier to describe the research progress of it in regulating the immune homeostasis and inflammation, and also pointed that the intestinal mucosal barrier was the potential targets in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia An
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yiqi Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ru Fan
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaorong Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinhua Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Central Hospital of Xinghualing District, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junwei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Junwei Chen,
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28
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Human Blood Bacteriome: Eubiotic and Dysbiotic States in Health and Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132015. [PMID: 35805098 PMCID: PMC9265464 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is acknowledged as being associated with homeostasis and the pathogenesis of several diseases. Conventional culture techniques are limited in that they cannot culture the commensals; however, next-generation sequencing has facilitated the discovery of the diverse and delicate microbial relationship in body sites and blood. Increasing evidence regarding the blood microbiome has revolutionized the concept of sterility and germ theory in circulation. Among the types of microbial communities in the blood, bacteriomes associated with many health conditions have been thoroughly investigated. Blood bacterial profiles in healthy subjects are identified as the eubiotic blood bacteriome, whereas the dysbiotic blood bacteriome represents the change in bacterial characteristics in subjects with diseases showing deviations from the eubiotic profiles. The blood bacterial characteristics in each study are heterogeneous; thus, the association between eubiotic and dysbiotic blood bacteriomes and health and disease is still debatable. Thereby, this review aims to summarize and discuss the evidence concerning eubiotic and dysbiotic blood bacteriomes characterized by next-generation sequencing in human studies. Knowledge pertaining to the blood bacteriome will transform the concepts around health and disease in humans, facilitating clinical implementation in the near future.
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Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a complex autoimmune disease and its etiology remains unknown. Increased gut permeability has been reported in lupus patients, yet whether it promotes or results from lupus progression is unclear. Recent studies indicate that an impaired intestinal barrier allows the translocation of bacteria and bacterial components into systemic organs, increasing immune cell activation and autoantibody generation. Indeed, induced gut leakage in a mouse model of lupus enhanced disease characteristics, including the production of anti-dsDNA antibody, serum IL-6 as well as cell apoptosis. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been suggested to be one of the factors that decreases gut barrier integrity by outgrowing harmful bacteria and their products, or by perturbation of gut immune homeostasis, which in turn affects gut barrier integrity. The restoration of microbial balance eliminates gut leakage in mice, further confirming the role of microbiota in maintaining gut barrier integrity. In this review, we discuss recent advances on the association between microbiota dysbiosis and leaky gut, as well as their influences on the progression of lupus. The modifications on host microbiota and gut integrity may offer insights into the development of new lupus treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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30
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The Role of Exposomes in the Pathophysiology of Autoimmune Diseases II: Pathogens. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2022; 29:243-280. [PMID: 35736648 PMCID: PMC9231084 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology29020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In our continuing examination of the role of exposomes in autoimmune disease, we use this review to focus on pathogens. Infections are major contributors to the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases through various mechanisms, foremost being molecular mimicry, when the structural similarity between the pathogen and a human tissue antigen leads to autoimmune reactivity and even autoimmune disease. The three best examples of this are oral pathogens, SARS-CoV-2, and the herpesviruses. Oral pathogens reach the gut, disturb the microbiota, increase gut permeability, cause local inflammation, and generate autoantigens, leading to systemic inflammation, multiple autoimmune reactivities, and systemic autoimmunity. The COVID-19 pandemic put the spotlight on SARS-CoV-2, which has been called “the autoimmune virus.” We explore in detail the evidence supporting this. We also describe how viruses, in particular herpesviruses, have a role in the induction of many different autoimmune diseases, detailing the various mechanisms involved. Lastly, we discuss the microbiome and the beneficial microbiota that populate it. We look at the role of the gut microbiome in autoimmune disorders, because of its role in regulating the immune system. Dysbiosis of the microbiota in the gut microbiome can lead to multiple autoimmune disorders. We conclude that understanding the precise roles and relationships shared by all these factors that comprise the exposome and identifying early events and root causes of these disorders can help us to develop more targeted therapeutic protocols for the management of this worldwide epidemic of autoimmunity.
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31
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Shaheen WA, Quraishi MN, Iqbal TH. Gut microbiome and autoimmune disorders. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 209:161-174. [PMID: 35652460 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases have long been known to share a common pathogenesis involving a dysregulated immune system with failure to recognize self from non-self antigens. This immune dysregulation is now increasingly understood to be induced by environmental triggers in genetically predisposed individuals. Although several external environmental triggers have been defined in different autoimmune diseases, much attention is being paid to the role of the internal micro-environment occupied by the microbiome which was once termed "the forgotten organ". In this regard, the gut microbiome, serving as an intermediary between some of those external environmental effectors and the immune system helps programming of the immune system to be tolerant to innocent external and self antigens. However, in the presence of perturbed gut microbiota (dysbiosis), the immune system could be erroneously directed in favor of pro-inflammatory pathways to instigate different autoimmune processes. An accumulating body of evidence, including both experimental and human studies (observational and interventional) points to a role of gut microbiome in different autoimmune diseases. Such evidence could provide a rationale for gut microbiome manipulation with therapeutic and even preventative intents in patients with established or predisposed to autoimmune diseases respectively. Perturbations of the gut microbiome have been delineated in some immune mediated diseases, IBD in particular. However, such patterns of disturbance (microbiome signatures) and related pathogenetic roles of the gut microbiome are context dependent and cannot be generalized in the same exact way to other autoimmune disorders and the contribution of gut microbiome to different disease phenotypes has to be precisely defined. In this review, we revise the evidence for a role of gut microbiome in various autoimmune diseases and possible mechanisms mediating such a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Abdelaty Shaheen
- University of Birmingham Microbiome Treatment Center, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.,Gastroenterology Department, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Nabil Quraishi
- University of Birmingham Microbiome Treatment Center, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.,University Hospitals of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tariq H Iqbal
- University of Birmingham Microbiome Treatment Center, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, UK.,University Hospitals of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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32
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Liu Y, Xiao F, Zhang R, Zhang X. Alterations of Plasma Microbiome: A Potentially New Perspective to the Dysbiosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? J Rheumatol 2022; 49:549-551. [PMID: 35293332 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.220023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Liu
- Y. Liu, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, X. Zhang, MD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Fei Xiao
- F. Xiao, MD, PhD, Professor, Clinical Biobank, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Rui Zhang
- R. Zhang, PhD, Professor, National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital / National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China. The authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Y. Liu, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, X. Zhang, MD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College;
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33
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Oral Enrichment of Streptococcus and its Role in Systemic Inflammation Related to Monocyte Activation in Humans with Cocaine Use Disorder. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2022; 17:305-317. [PMID: 34448131 PMCID: PMC8881519 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-10007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine use is commonly associated with increased chronic systemic inflammation. However, the drivers for cocaine use-mediated systemic inflammation are not fully understood. In the current study, we recruited individuals with cocaine use disorder and healthy individuals who did not use cocaine and collected paired saliva and blood samples. The saliva samples were used to assess the oral microbiome, and the plasma samples were evaluated for 33 cytokines and chemokines. Cocaine users exhibited decreased saliva microbial diversities compared to non-users. Streptococcus was the only increased genus in the saliva from cocaine users, whereas several genera were decreased in cocaine users compared to non-users. Notably, cocaine users exhibited increased plasma levels of several monocyte activation markers, including monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-4, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3α, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), all of which were correlated with increased saliva levels of three Streptococcus species. Furthermore, treatment with Streptococcus or its lipoteichoic acid preferentially activated primary human monocytes to produce proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as MIP-3α and TARC, in vitro compared to controls. However, monocytes failed to produce these chemokines after exposure to cocaine or cocaine plus bacteria compared to medium or bacteria alone. This study revealed that chronic cocaine use-associated inflammation in the blood may result from increased oral Streptococcus and its effects on myeloid cell activation, but does not result from cocaine directly.
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James WA, Ogunrinde E, Wan Z, Kamen DL, Oates J, Gilkeson GS, Jiang W. A Distinct Plasma Microbiome But Not Gut Microbiome in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Compared to Healthy Individuals. J Rheumatol 2022; 49:592-597. [PMID: 35169056 PMCID: PMC9364828 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.210952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Blood microbiome has been analyzed in cancer patients using machine learning. We aimed to study whether the plasma microbiome represents the microbial community in the gut among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS Paired plasma and stool samples from female patients with SLE and female HCs were assessed for microbiome composition by microbial 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. RESULTS Decreased microbial alpha diversity in stool compared to plasma and distinct plasma and gut beta diversity were found in both HCs and patients with SLE. No difference in gut microbial diversity was found; however, plasma alpha diversity was decreased in patients with SLE compared to HCs. The predominant bacteria differed between plasma and stool in both groups. Although the predominant plasma and stool genus bacteria were similar in patients with SLE and HCs, some were clearly different. CONCLUSION Compared to the gut, the plasma microbiome contained distinct community and greater heterogeneity, indicating that the predominant circulating microbiome may originate from sites (eg, oral or skin) other than the gastrointestinal tract. The decreased plasma but not gut alpha diversity in patients with SLE compared to HCs implies an altered plasma microbiome in SLE, which may be important for systemic immune perturbations and SLE disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren A James
- W.A. James, MD, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Elizabeth Ogunrinde
- E. Ogunrinde, PhD, Z. Wan, MS, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Zhuang Wan
- E. Ogunrinde, PhD, Z. Wan, MS, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Diane L Kamen
- D.L. Kamen, MD, J. Oates, Director and Endowed Chair, MD, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, and Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Jim Oates
- D.L. Kamen, MD, J. Oates, Director and Endowed Chair, MD, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, and Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Gary S Gilkeson
- G.S. Gilkeson, MD, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, and Staff Physician, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center;
| | - Wei Jiang
- W. Jiang, MD, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
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Luo Z, Health SL, Li M, Yang H, Wu Y, Collins M, Deeks SG, Martin JN, Scott A, Jiang W. Variation in blood microbial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contributes to immune reconstitution in response to suppressive antiretroviral therapy in HIV. EBioMedicine 2022; 80:104037. [PMID: 35500539 PMCID: PMC9065923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In HIV infection, even under long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART), up to 20% of HIV-infected individuals fail to restore CD4+ T cell counts to the levels similar to those of healthy controls. The mechanisms of poor CD4+ T cell reconstitution on suppressive ART are not fully understood. METHODS Here, we tested the hypothesis that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from bacteria enriched in the plasma from immune non-responders (INRs) contributes to blunted CD4+ T cell recovery on suppressive ART in HIV. We characterized plasma microbiome in HIV INRs (aviremic, CD4+ T cell counts < 350 cells/μl), immune responders (IRs, CD4+ T cell counts > 500 cells/μl), and healthy controls. Next, we analyzed the structure of the lipid A domain of three bacterial species identified by mass spectrometry (MS) and evaluated the LPS function through LPS induced proinflammatory responses and CD4+ T cell apoptosis in PBMCs. In comparison, we also evaluated plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine patterns in these three groups. At last, to study the causality of microbiome-blunted CD4+ T cell recovery in HIV, B6 mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with heat-killed Burkholderia fungorum, Serratia marcescens, or Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum, twice per week for total of eight weeks. FINDINGS INRs exhibited elevated plasma levels of total microbial translocation compared to the IRs and healthy controls. The most enriched bacteria were Burkholderia and Serratia in INRs and were Phyllobacterium in IRs. Further, unlike P. myrsinacearum LPS, B. fungorum and S. marcescens LPS induced proinflammatory responses and CD4+ T cell apoptosis in PBMCs, and gene profiles of bacteria-mediated cell activation pathways in THP-1 cells in vitro. Notably, LPS structural analysis by mass spectrometry revealed that lipid A from P. myrsinacearum exhibited a divergent structure consistent with weak toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 agonism, similar to the biological profile of probiotic bacteria. In contrast, lipid A from B. fungorum and S. marcescens showed structures more consistent with canonical TLR4 agonists stemming from proinflammatory bacterial strains. Finally, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of inactivated B. fungorum and S. marcescens but not P. myrsinacearum resulted in cell apoptosis in mesenteric lymph nodes of C57BL/6 mice in vivo. INTERPRETATION These results suggest that the microbial products are causally associated with INR phenotype. In summary, variation in blood microbial LPS immunogenicity may contribute to immune reconstitution in response to suppressive ART. Collectively, this work is consistent with immunologically silencing microbiome being causal and targetable with therapy in HIV. FUNDING This work was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID; R01 AI128864, Jiang) (NIAID; P30 AI027767, Saag/Health), the Medical Research Service at the Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center (merit grant VA CSRD MERIT I01 CX-002422, Jiang), and the National Institute of Aging (R21 AG074331, Scott). The SCOPE cohort was supported by the UCSF/Gladstone Institute of Virology & Immunology CFAR (P30 AI027763, Gandhi) and the CFAR Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (R24 AI067039, Saag). The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number UL1TR001450 (the pilot grant, Jiang). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwu Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave. Charleston, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Sonya L Health
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave. Charleston, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hyojik Yang
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, 650 W. Baltimore St. Office 9209, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yongxia Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave. Charleston, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Michael Collins
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Steven G Deeks
- University of California, San FranciscoDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
| | - Jeffrey N Martin
- University of California, San FranciscoDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
| | - Alison Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, 650 W. Baltimore St. Office 9209, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave. Charleston, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Tang Y, Liu X, Feng C, Zhou Z, Liu S. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) of hybrid crucian carp protects intestinal barrier and enhances host immune defense against bacterial infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:104314. [PMID: 34785271 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) can act extracellularly as a mediator of inflammation or intracellularly as a rate-limiting enzyme, regulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis in the NAD salvage pathway. Nampt exerts important immunological functions during infection in mammals. However, the in vivo function of fish Nampt in immune regulation and inflammation is essentially unknown. With an aim to elucidate the antimicrobial mechanism of Nampt in fish, we in this study examined the function of Nampt from hybrid crucian carp. Hybrid crucian carp Nampt (WR-Nampt) possesses the conserved nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase domain and shows high similarity to that of mammalian Nampt. WR-Nampt is expressed in multiple tissues and is upregulated by bacterial infection. Overexpression of WR-Nampt significantly increased the number of goblet cells of distal intestine. In addition, WR-Nampt induced significant inductions in the expression of the antimicrobial molecules (IL-22, Hepcidin-1, LEAP-2 and MUC2) and tight junctions (ZO-1 and Occludin). Consistent with this, fish administered with WR-Nampt significantly alleviated the intestinal permeability and apoptosis, thereby enhancing host's resistance against bacterial infection. Together these results revealed the potential effect of WR-Nampt in intestinal barrier and immune defense against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Chen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Zejun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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Tomofuji Y, Maeda Y, Oguro-Igashira E, Kishikawa T, Yamamoto K, Sonehara K, Motooka D, Matsumoto Y, Matsuoka H, Yoshimura M, Yagita M, Nii T, Ohshima S, Nakamura S, Inohara H, Takeda K, Kumanogoh A, Okada Y. Metagenome-wide association study revealed disease-specific landscape of the gut microbiome of systemic lupus erythematosus in Japanese. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:1575-1583. [PMID: 34426398 PMCID: PMC8600607 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alteration of the gut microbiome has been linked to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, a comprehensive view of the gut microbiome in SLE and its interaction with the host remains to be revealed. This study aimed to reveal SLE-associated changes in the gut microbiome and its interaction with the host by a comprehensive metagenome-wide association study (MWAS) followed by integrative analysis. METHODS We performed a MWAS of SLE based on shotgun sequencing of the gut microbial DNA from Japanese individuals (N case=47, N control=203). We integrated the result of the MWAS with the genome-wide association study (GWAS) data and plasma metabolite data. RESULTS Via species level phylogenetic analysis, we identified and validated increases of Streptococcus intermedius and Streptococcus anginosus in the patients with SLE. Microbial gene analysis revealed increases of Streptococcus-derived genes including one involved in redox reaction. Additionally, microbial pathways related to sulfur metabolism and flagella assembly were altered in the patients with SLE. We identified an overlap in the enriched biological pathways between the metagenome and the germline genome by comparing the result of the MWAS and the GWAS of SLE (ie, MWAS-GWAS interaction). α-diversity and β-diversity analyses provided evidence of dysbiosis in the metagenome of the patients with SLE. Microbiome-metabolome association analysis identified positive dosage correlation of acylcarnitine with Streptococcus intermedius, an SLE-associated taxon. CONCLUSION Our MWAS followed by integrative analysis revealed SLE-associated changes in the gut microbiome and its interaction with the host, which contribute to our understanding of the relationship between the microbiome and SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Tomofuji
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuichi Maeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Eri Oguro-Igashira
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kishikawa
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamamoto
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kyuto Sonehara
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsumoto
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Matsuoka
- Rheumatology and Allergology, NHO Osaka Minami Medical Center, Kawachinagano, Japan
| | - Maiko Yoshimura
- Rheumatology and Allergology, NHO Osaka Minami Medical Center, Kawachinagano, Japan
| | - Mayu Yagita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takuro Nii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shiro Ohshima
- Rheumatology and Allergology, NHO Osaka Minami Medical Center, Kawachinagano, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hidenori Inohara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan .,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Li R, Meng X, Chen B, Zhao L, Zhang X. Gut Microbiota in Lupus: a Butterfly Effect? Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021; 23:27. [PMID: 33864162 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-021-00986-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease that typically displays chronic inflammatory tissue damage and miscellaneous circulatory autoantibodies, as well as distinctive type 1 interferon signatures. The etiology of SLE is unclear and currently is attributed to genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. Gut microbiota has recently been considered a critical environmental pathogenic factor in immune-related disorders, and studies are ongoing to uncover the key pathogens and the imputative mechanisms. Fundamental advancements on the role of the microbiota in SLE pathology have been achieved in recent years and are summarized in this review. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings suggested that gut commensals could propagate autoimmunity via molecular mimicry in which ortholog-carrying microbes cross-activate autoreactive T/B cells and trigger the response against host autoantigens, or via bystander activation by stimulating antigen-presenting cells that present autoantigens and enhancing the expression of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokines, thus leading to the loss of self-tolerance and the production of autoantibodies. Additionally, the break of gut barrier and the translocation of gut commensals to inner organs can trigger immune dysregulation and inappropriate systemic inflammation. All these microbiota-mediated mechanisms could contribute to lupus immunopathogenesis and promote disease development in susceptible individuals. Evidence of the causative role of disturbed gut microbiome in SLE is still limited, and the related molecular mechanisms and pathways are largely elusive. However, the modification of gut microbiota, such as pathobiont vaccine, special diet, restricted consortium transplantation, as well as regulatory metabolites supplementation, might be promising strategies for lupus prophylaxis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongli Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuai-Fu-Yuan, Dong-Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuai-Fu-Yuan, Dong-Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Beidi Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuai-Fu-Yuan, Dong-Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lidan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuai-Fu-Yuan, Dong-Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID); State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), 41 Damucang Hutong, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuai-Fu-Yuan, Dong-Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Clinical Immunology Centre, Medical Epigenetics Research Centre, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuai-Fu-Yuan, Dong-Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Tesser A, Piperno GM, Pin A, Piscianz E, Boz V, Benvenuti F, Tommasini A. Priming of the cGAS-STING-TBK1 Pathway Enhances LPS-Induced Release of Type I Interferons. Cells 2021; 10:785. [PMID: 33916318 PMCID: PMC8067196 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic nucleic acids sensing through cGAS-STING-TBK1 pathway is crucial for the production of antiviral interferons (IFNs). IFN production can also be induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in appropriate conditions. Of note, both IFN production and dysregulated LPS-response could play a role in the pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Indeed, LPS can trigger SLE in lupus-prone mice and bacterial infections can induce disease flares in human SLE. However, the interactions between cGAS and TLR4 pathways to IFNs have been poorly investigated. To address this issue, we studied LPS-stimulation in cellular models with a primed cGAS-STING-TBK1 pathway. cGAS-stimulation was naturally sustained by undigested self-nucleic acids in fibroblasts from DNase2-deficiency interferonopathy, whilst it was pharmacologically obtained by cGAMP-stimulation in THP1 cells and murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. We showed that cells with a primed cGAS-STING-TBK1 pathway displayed enhanced IFNs production after TLR4-challenge. STING-inhibition did not affect IFN production after LPS alone, but prevented the amplified IFN production in cGAMP-primed cells, suggesting that functional STING is required for priming-dependent enhancement. Furthermore, we speculated that an increased PIK3AP1 expression in DNase2-deficient fibroblasts may link cGAMP-priming with increased LPS-induced IFN production. We showed that both the hyper-expression of PIK3API and the enhanced LPS-induced IFN production can be contrasted by STING inhibitors. Our results may explain how bacterial LPS can synergize with cGAS-pathway in promoting the development of SLE-like autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Tesser
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (A.T.); (A.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Giulia Maria Piperno
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy; (G.M.P.); (F.B.)
| | - Alessia Pin
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (A.T.); (A.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Elisa Piscianz
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (A.T.); (A.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Valentina Boz
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Federica Benvenuti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy; (G.M.P.); (F.B.)
| | - Alberto Tommasini
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (A.T.); (A.P.); (E.P.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
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Mangalam AK, Yadav M, Yadav R. The Emerging World of Microbiome in Autoimmune Disorders: Opportunities and Challenges. INDIAN JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY 2021; 16:57-72. [PMID: 34531642 PMCID: PMC8442979 DOI: 10.4103/injr.injr_210_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trillions of commensal bacteria colonizing humans (microbiome) have emerged as essential player(s) in human health. The alteration of the same has been linked with diseases including autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ankylosing spondylitis. Gut bacteria are separated from the host through a physical barrier such as skin or gut epithelial lining. However, the perturbation in the healthy bacterial community (gut dysbiosis) can compromise gut barrier integrity, resulting in translocation of bacterial contents across the epithelial barrier (leaky gut). Bacterial contents such as lipopolysaccharide and bacterial antigens can induce a systemic inflammatory environment through activation and induction of immune cells. The biggest question in the field is whether inflammation causes gut dysbiosis or dysbiosis leads to disease induction or propagation, i.e., it is inside out or outside in or both. In this review, we first discuss the microbiome profiling studies in various autoimmune disorders, followed by a discussion of potential mechanisms through which microbiome is involved in the pathobiology of diseases. A better understanding of the role of the microbiome in health and disease will help us harness the power of commensal bacteria for the development of novel therapeutic agents to treat autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meeta Yadav
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA,
USA
| | - Rajwardhan Yadav
- Department of Rheumatology, St Francis Hospital, Hartford,
CT, USA
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Feng C, Tang Y, Liu X, Zhou Z. CMPK2 of triploid crucian carp is involved in immune defense against bacterial infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 116:103924. [PMID: 33186560 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2) is a thymidylate kinase and in mammals is known to be involved in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) synthesis and antiviral immunity. However, very little is known about the function of CMPK2 in fish. With an aim to elucidate the antimicrobial mechanism of CMPK2 in fish, we in this study examined the function of CMPK2 from triploid crucian carp (3nCmpk2). 3nCmpk2 is 426 residues in length and possesses the conserved thymidylate kinase domain. The deduced amino acid sequence of 3nCmpk2 shares 53.2%-99.1% overall identities with the CMPK2 of several fish species. Quantitative real time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that 3nCmpk2 expression occurred in multiple tissues and was upregulated by bacterial infection in a time-dependent manner. Recombinant 3nCmpk2 (r3nCmpk2) induced mtDNA synthesis and NLRP3 activation. Overexpression of 3nCmpk2 protects the intestinal barrier and hampers the bacterial colonization in fish tissues. These results provide the first evidence that 3nCmpk2 is involved in host innate immunity and plays a protective role in antimicrobial responses during bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yiyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zejun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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Maalouly G, Hajal J, Noujeim C, Choueiry M, Nassereddine H, Smayra V, Saliba Y, Fares N. New insights in gut-liver axis in wild-type murine imiquimod-induced lupus. Lupus 2021; 30:926-936. [PMID: 33596715 DOI: 10.1177/0961203321995254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal and hepatic manifestations of lupus seem to be underestimated in comparison to other major organ lesions. Although recent data point to gut-liver axis involvement in lupus, gut permeability dysfunction and liver inflammation need to be more investigated. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess fecal calprotectin, intestinal tight junction proteins and liver inflammation pathway in wild-type murine imiquimod- induced lupus. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were topically treated on their right ears with 1.25 mg of 5% imiquimod cream, three times per week for six weeks. Fecal calprotectin was collected at day 0, 22 and 45. Renal, liver and intestinal pathology, as well as inflammatory markers, intestinal tight junction proteins, and E. coli protein in liver were assessed at sacrifice. RESULTS At six weeks, lupus nephritis was confirmed on histopathology and NGAL and KIM-1 expression. Calprotectin rise started at day 22 and persists at day 45. Protein expression of Claudine, ZO-1 and occludin was significantly decreased. E. coli protein was significantly increased in liver with necro-inflammation and increased TLR4, TLR7, and pNFκB/NFκB liver expression. CONCLUSION This study is the first to demonstrate early fecal calprotectin increase and liver activation of TLR4- NFκB pathway in wild-type murine imiquimod-induced lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Maalouly
- Faculty of Medicine, CHU Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joelle Hajal
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Charbel Noujeim
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Michel Choueiry
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Nassereddine
- Faculty of Medicine, CHU Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Viviane Smayra
- Faculty of Medicine, CHU Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youakim Saliba
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nassim Fares
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Munroe ME, Anderson JR, Gross TF, Stunz LL, Bishop GA, James JA. Epstein-Barr Functional Mimicry: Pathogenicity of Oncogenic Latent Membrane Protein-1 in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2021; 11:606936. [PMID: 33613527 PMCID: PMC7886997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases are propelled by immune dysregulation and pathogenic, disease-specific autoantibodies. Autoimmunity against the lupus autoantigen Sm is associated with cross-reactivity to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1). Additionally, EBV latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1), initially noted for its oncogenic activity, is an aberrantly active functional mimic of the B cell co-stimulatory molecule CD40. Mice expressing a transgene (Tg) for the mCD40-LMP1 hybrid molecule (containing the cytoplasmic tail of LMP1) have mild autoantibody production and other features of immune dysregulation by 2-3 months of age, but no overt autoimmune disease. This study evaluates whether exposure to the EBV molecular mimic, EBNA-1, stimulates antigen-specific and concurrently-reactive humoral and cellular immunity, as well as lupus-like features. After immunization with EBNA-1, mCD40-LMP1 Tg mice exhibited enhanced, antigen-specific, cellular and humoral responses compared to immunized WT congenic mice. EBNA-1 specific proliferative and inflammatory cytokine responses, including IL-17 and IFN-γ, were significantly increased (p<0.0001) in mCD40-LMP1 Tg mice, as well as antibody responses to amino- and carboxy-domains of EBNA-1. Of particular interest was the ability of mCD40-LMP1 to drive EBNA-1 associated molecular mimicry with the lupus-associated autoantigen, Sm. EBNA-1 immunized mCD40-LMP1 Tg mice exhibited enhanced proliferative and cytokine cellular responses (p<0.0001) to the EBNA-1 homologous epitope PPPGRRP and the Sm B/B' cross-reactive sequence PPPGMRPP. When immunized with the SLE autoantigen Sm, mCD40-LMP1 Tg mice again exhibited enhanced cellular and humoral immune responses to both Sm and EBNA-1. Cellular immune dysregulation with EBNA-1 immunization in mCD40-LMP1 Tg mice was accompanied by enhanced splenomegaly, increased serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, and elevated anti-dsDNA and antinuclear antibody (ANA) levels (p<0.0001 compared to mCD40 WT mice). However, no evidence of immune-complex glomerulonephritis pathology was noted, suggesting that a combination of EBV and genetic factors may be required to drive lupus-associated renal disease. These data support that the expression of LMP1 in the context of EBNA-1 may interact to increase immune dysregulation that leads to pathogenic, autoantigen-specific lupus inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E. Munroe
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jourdan R. Anderson
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Timothy F. Gross
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Laura L. Stunz
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Gail A. Bishop
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Judith A. James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Luo Z, Alekseyenko AV, Ogunrinde E, Li M, Li QZ, Huang L, Tsao BP, Kamen DL, Oates JC, Li Z, Gilkeson GS, Jiang W. Rigorous Plasma Microbiome Analysis Method Enables Disease Association Discovery in Clinic. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:613268. [PMID: 33488555 PMCID: PMC7820181 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.613268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood microbiome is important to investigate microbial-host interactions and the effects on systemic immune perturbations. However, this effort has met with major challenges due to low microbial biomass and background artifacts. In the current study, microbial 16S DNA sequencing was applied to analyze plasma microbiome. We have developed a quality-filtering strategy to evaluate and exclude low levels of microbial sequences, potential contaminations, and artifacts from plasma microbial 16S DNA sequencing analyses. Furthermore, we have applied our technique in three cohorts, including tobacco-smokers, HIV-infected individuals, and individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as well as corresponding controls. More than 97% of total sequence data was removed using stringent quality-filtering strategy analyses; those removed amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were low levels of microbial sequences, contaminations, and artifacts. The specifically enriched pathobiont bacterial ASVs have been identified in plasmas from tobacco-smokers, HIV-infected individuals, and individuals with SLE but not from control subjects. The associations between these ASVs and disease pathogenesis were demonstrated. The pathologic activities of some identified bacteria were further verified in vitro. We present a quality-filtering strategy to identify pathogenesis-associated plasma microbiome. Our approach provides a method for studying the diagnosis of subclinical microbial infection as well as for understanding the roles of microbiome-host interaction in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwu Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Alexander V. Alekseyenko
- Program for Human Microbiome Research, Biomedical Informatics Center, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Department of Healthcare Leadership and Management, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Elizabeth Ogunrinde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Min Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Lei Huang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Betty P. Tsao
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Diane L. Kamen
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Jim C. Oates
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Medical Service, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-James, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Gary S. Gilkeson
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Medical Service, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Chen BD, Jia XM, Xu JY, Zhao LD, Ji JY, Wu BX, Ma Y, Li H, Zuo XX, Pan WY, Wang XH, Ye S, Tsokos GC, Wang J, Zhang X. An Autoimmunogenic and Proinflammatory Profile Defined by the Gut Microbiota of Patients With Untreated Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 73:232-243. [PMID: 33124780 DOI: 10.1002/art.41511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Changes in gut microbiota have been linked to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but knowledge is limited. Our study aimed to provide an in-depth understanding of the contribution of gut microbiota to the immunopathogenesis of SLE. METHODS Fecal metagenomes from 117 patients with untreated SLE and 52 SLE patients posttreatment were aligned with 115 matched healthy controls and analyzed by whole-genome profiling. For comparison, we assessed the fecal metagenome of MRL/lpr mice. The oral microbiota origin of the gut species that existed in SLE patients was documented by single-nucleotide polymorphism-based strain-level analyses. Functional validation assays were performed to demonstrate the molecular mimicry of newly found microbial peptides. RESULTS Gut microbiota from individuals with SLE displayed significant differences in microbial composition and function compared to healthy controls. Certain species, including the Clostridium species ATCC BAA-442 as well as Atopobium rimae, Shuttleworthia satelles, Actinomyces massiliensis, Bacteroides fragilis, and Clostridium leptum, were enriched in SLE gut microbiota and reduced after treatment. Enhanced lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis aligned with reduced branched chain amino acid biosynthesis was observed in the gut of SLE patients. The findings in mice were consistent with our findings in human subjects. Interestingly, some species with an oral microbiota origin were enriched in the gut of SLE patients. Functional validation assays demonstrated the proinflammatory capacities of some microbial peptides derived from SLE-enriched species. CONCLUSION This study provides detailed information on the microbiota of untreated patients with SLE, including their functional signatures, similarities with murine counterparts, oral origin, and the definition of autoantigen-mimicking peptides. Our data demonstrate that microbiome-altering approaches may offer valuable adjuvant therapies in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-di Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Miao Jia
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Yue Xu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Dan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Bing-Xuan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiao-Xia Zuo
- Xiangya Hospital and Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-You Pan
- Huaian First People's Hospital and Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | | | - Shuang Ye
- Renji Hospital and Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - George C Tsokos
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jun Wang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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He H, Xu H, Xu J, Zhao H, Lin Q, Zhou Y, Nie Y. Sodium Butyrate Ameliorates Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Lupus-Like Mice. Front Nutr 2020; 7:604283. [PMID: 33262998 PMCID: PMC7688247 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.604283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has a strong influence on the onset and development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of microbiota-derived butyrate to ameliorate SLE. However, the roles of butyrate on gut microbiota in SLE are not understood. Using MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice, we examined gut microbiota profiles after butyrate treatment by 16S rRNA sequencing. Alterations in intestinal microbiome in mice with lupus-like disease were mainly characterized by a reduction in microbial diversity, with an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes and a decrease of Firmicutes. Treatment of lupus-prone mice with butyrate resulted in increased abundance of Firmicutes (P = 0.003), Clostridia (P = 0.005), Clostridiales (P = 0.005), Lachnospiraceae (P = 0.009), Ruminococcaceae (P = 0.021), Peptostreptococcaceae (P = 0.021), Ruminiclostridium (P = 0.016), Oscillibacter (P = 0.048), Romboutsia (P = 0.025), Lachnoclostridium (P = 0.012), Coprococcus (P = 0.015), Ruminococcus (P = 0.011), Clostridium leptum (P < 0.05), and Dorea_spp. (P = 0.019), and a reduced proportion of Bacteroidetes (P = 0.004), Bacteroidia (P = 0.004), and Bacteroidales (P = 0.004). Further, butyrate supplementation could ameliorate kidney damage. Overall, this study suggests that gut microbiota alterations occur in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice following treatment with butyrate. Butyrate supplementation ameliorated gut microbiota dysbiosis. These findings support the use of butyrate and butyrate-producing bacteria as potential treatments for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchang He
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Haoming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyun Lin
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Youlian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Pachucki RJ, Corradetti C, Kohler L, Ghadiali J, Gallo PM, Nicastro L, Tursi SA, Gallucci S, Tükel Ç, Caricchio R. Persistent Bacteriuria and Antibodies Recognizing Curli/eDNA Complexes From Escherichia coli Are Linked to Flares in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:1872-1881. [PMID: 32840064 PMCID: PMC7722165 DOI: 10.1002/art.41400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infections contribute to morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are known to trigger urinary tract infections (UTIs) and form biofilms, which are multicellular communities of bacteria that are strengthened by amyloids such as curli. We previously reported that curli naturally form complexes with bacterial extracellular DNA (eDNA), and these curli/eDNA complexes induce hallmark features of lupus in mouse models. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether anti-curli/eDNA complex antibodies play a role in the pathogenesis of SLE or development of flares in SLE. METHODS In total, 96 SLE patients who met at least 4 Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics disease criteria were investigated. Anti-curli/eDNA complex antibodies in the plasma were tested for both IgG and IgA subclasses. Results were compared to that in 54 age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-matched healthy controls. Correlations of the levels of anti-curli/eDNA antibodies with clinical parameters, lupus disease status, and frequency of bacteriuria were assessed. RESULTS Anti-curli/eDNA antibodies were detected in the plasma of SLE patients and healthy controls, and their levels correlated with the presence of asymptomatic persistent bacteriuria and occurrence of disease flares in lupus patients. Persistent bacteriuria contained curli-producing UPEC, and this was associated with an inflammatory phenotype. Finally, curli/eDNA complexes cross-reacted with lupus autoantigens, such as double-stranded DNA, in binding autoantibodies. CONCLUSION These results suggest that UTIs and persistent bacteriuria are environmental triggers of lupus and its flares. Antibodies against curli/eDNA could serve as a sign of systemic exposure to bacterial products in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Pachucki
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chelsea Corradetti
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lynne Kohler
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jay Ghadiali
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul M Gallo
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren Nicastro
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah A Tursi
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stefania Gallucci
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Çagla Tükel
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Roberto Caricchio
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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49
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Manirarora JN, Kosiewicz MM, Alard P. Feeding lactobacilli impacts lupus progression in (NZBxNZW)F1 lupus-prone mice by enhancing immunoregulation. Autoimmunity 2020; 53:323-332. [PMID: 32552071 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2020.1777282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the relationship between autoimmunity and microorganisms is complex, there is evidence that microorganisms can prevent the development of various autoimmune diseases. Lactobacilli are beneficial gut bacteria that play an important role in immune system development. The goals of this study were to assess the ability of three different strains of lactobacilli (L. casei B255, L. reuteri DSM 17509 and L. plantarum LP299v) to control lupus development/progression in (NZBxNZW)F1 (BWF1) lupus-prone mice before and after disease onset, and identify the mechanisms mediating protection. BWF1 mice fed with individual L. casei or L. reuteri before disease onset exhibited delayed lupus onset and increased survival, while feeding L. plantarum had little impact. In vitro treatment of BWF1 dendritic cells with individual lactobacilli strains upregulated IL-10 production to various extents, with L. casei being the most effective. The protection mediated by L. casei was associated with upregulation of B7-1 and B7-2 by antigen presenting cells, two costimulatory molecules important for regulatory T cell (Treg) induction. Moreover, feeding L. casei lead to increased percentages of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs and IL10-producing T cells in the lymphoid organs of treated mice. More importantly, mice fed L. casei after disease onset remained stable for several months, i.e. exhibited delayed anti-nucleic acid production and kidney disease progression, and increased survival. Therefore, feeding lactobacilli appears to delay lupus progression possibly via mechanisms involving Treg induction and IL-10 production. Altogether, these data support the notion that ingestion of lactobacilli, with immunoregulatory properties, may be a viable strategy for controlling disease development and progression in patients with lupus, i.e. extending remission length and reducing flare frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean N Manirarora
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Michele M Kosiewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Pascale Alard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Zhang X, Chen BD, Zhao LD, Li H. The Gut Microbiota: Emerging Evidence in Autoimmune Diseases. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:862-873. [PMID: 32402849 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases (AIDs) is not only attributed to genetic susceptibilities but also environmental factors, among which, disturbed gut microbiota has attracted increasing attention. Compositional and functional changes of gut microbiota have been reported in various AIDs, and increasing evidence suggests that disturbed gut microbiota contributes to their immunopathogenesis. The accepted mechanisms include abnormal microbial translocation, molecular mimicry, and dysregulation of both local and systemic immunity. Studies have also suggested microbiota-based classification models and therapeutic interventions for patients with AIDs. Further in-depth mechanistic studies on microbiota-autoimmunity interplay in AIDs are urgently needed and underway to explore novel and precise diagnostic biomarkers and develop disease and patient-tailored therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, China, 100730; Clinical Immunology Centre, Medical Epigenetics Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, 100730.
| | - Bei-di Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, China, 100730; Clinical Immunology Centre, Medical Epigenetics Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, 100730
| | - Li-Dan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, China, 100730
| | - Hao Li
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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