1
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Zhang S, Lv K, Liu Z, Zhao R, Li F. Fatty acid metabolism of immune cells: a new target of tumour immunotherapy. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:39. [PMID: 38245525 PMCID: PMC10799907 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01807-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic competition between tumour cells and immune cells for limited nutrients is an important feature of the tumour microenvironment (TME) and is closely related to the outcome of tumour immune escape. A large number of studies have proven that tumour cells need metabolic reprogramming to cope with acidification and hypoxia in the TME while increasing energy uptake to support their survival. Among them, synthesis, oxidation and uptake of fatty acids (FAs) in the TME are important manifestations of lipid metabolic adaptation. Although different immune cell subsets often show different metabolic characteristics, various immune cell functions are closely related to fatty acids, including providing energy, providing synthetic materials and transmitting signals. In the face of the current situation of poor therapeutic effects of tumour immunotherapy, combined application of targeted immune cell fatty acid metabolism seems to have good therapeutic potential, which is blocked at immune checkpoints. Combined application of adoptive cell therapy and cancer vaccines is reflected. Therefore, it is of great interest to explore the role of fatty acid metabolism in immune cells to discover new strategies for tumour immunotherapy and improve anti-tumour immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kebing Lv
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Li
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Nanchang, China.
- Institute of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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2
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Huang L, Xing Y, Ning X, Yu Z, Bai X, Liu L, Sun S. Roles of Twist1 in lipid and glucose metabolism. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:270. [PMID: 37784111 PMCID: PMC10544448 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal lipid and glucose metabolisms are linked to the metabolic disorders, tumorigenesis, and fibrotic diseases, which attracts the increasing attention to find out the key molecules involved in the lipid and glucose metabolism as the possible therapeutic targets on these diseases. A transcriptional factor Twist1 has been associated with not only the embryonic development, cancer, and fibrotic diseases, but also the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. In this review, we will discuss the roles and mechanisms of Twist1 in the obesity-associated white adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, brown adipose tissue metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle to provide a rational perspective to consider Twist1 as a potential treatment target in clinic. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyifei Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Road, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Road, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ning
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Road, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhixiang Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Road, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Road, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Limin Liu
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shiren Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Road, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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3
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Zhang Y, Yang M, Xie H, Hong F, Yang S. Role of miRNAs in Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy. Cells 2023; 12:1749. [PMID: 37443783 PMCID: PMC10340706 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease characterized by autoimmunity, synovial inflammation and joint destruction. Pannus formation in the synovial cavity can cause irreversible damage to the joint and cartilage and eventually permanent disability. Current conventional treatments for RA have limitations regarding efficacy, safety and cost. microRNA (miRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) that regulates gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The dysregulation of miRNA has been observed in RA patients and implicated in the pathogenesis of RA. miRNAs have emerged as potential biomarkers or therapeutic agents. In this review, we explore the role of miRNAs in various aspects of RA pathophysiology, including immune cell imbalance, the proliferation and invasion of fibroblast-like synovial (FLS) cell, the dysregulation of inflammatory signaling and disturbance in angiogenesis. We delve into the regulatory effects of miRNAs on Treg/Th17 and M1/M2 polarization, the activation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, neovascular formation, energy metabolism induced by FLS-cell-induced energy metabolism, apoptosis, osteogenesis and mobility. These findings shed light on the potential applications of miRNAs as diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers for RA management. Furthermore, there are some strategies to regulate miRNA expression levels by utilizing miRNA mimics or exosomes and to hinder miRNA activity via competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network-based antagonists. We conclude that miRNAs offer a promising avenue for RA therapy with unlimited potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, Fuzhou Medical University, Fuzhou 344000, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Y.)
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Meiwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, Fuzhou Medical University, Fuzhou 344000, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Physiology, Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344100, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Chronic Disease Research in Fuzhou City, Fuzhou Science and Technology Bureau, Fuzhou 344100, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Department of Foreign Language, Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344100, China;
| | - Fenfang Hong
- Experimental Centre of Pathogen Biology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shulong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Diseases, Fuzhou Medical University, Fuzhou 344000, China; (Y.Z.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Physiology, Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344100, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Chronic Disease Research in Fuzhou City, Fuzhou Science and Technology Bureau, Fuzhou 344100, China
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4
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Hu W, Li P, Zeng N, Tan S. Exploring the hub mechanisms of ischemic stroke based on protein-protein interaction networks related to ischemic stroke and inflammatory bowel disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1741. [PMID: 36720935 PMCID: PMC9887582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27459-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is highly concerning because it often leads to severe long-term neurological disability. Among clinical trials, ischemic stroke and inflammatory bowel disease interactions have been increasingly reported in recent years. Therefore, using bioinformatics approaches to explore novel protein interactions between them is of interest. We performed this exploratory analysis by using bioinformatics tools such as string to analyze gene data downloaded from NHGRI-GWAS data related to ischemic stroke and inflammatory bowel disease. We constructed a prospective protein interaction network for ischemic stroke and inflammatory bowel disease, identifying cytokine and interleukin-related signaling pathways, Spliceosome, Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS), Thrombus, and Anticoagulation pathways as the crucial biological mechanisms of the network. Furthermore, we also used data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) to detect differential protein expression in eight samples, which also suggested that immune system, signal transduction, and hemostasis-related pathways are key signaling pathways. These findings may provide a basis for understanding the interaction between these two states and exploring possible molecular and therapeutic studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Bo'ai Rehabilitation Hospital, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Bo'ai Rehabilitation Hospital, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Nianju Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Bo'ai Rehabilitation Hospital, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Sheng Tan
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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5
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Rajendiran A, Subramanyam SH, Klemm P, Jankowski V, van Loosdregt J, Vastert B, Vollbach K, Wagner N, Tenbrock K, Ohl K. NRF2/Itaconate Axis Regulates Metabolism and Inflammatory Properties of T Cells in Children with JIA. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122426. [PMID: 36552634 PMCID: PMC9774972 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD4+ T cells critically contribute to the initiation and perturbation of inflammation. When CD4+ T cells enter inflamed tissues, they adapt to hypoxia and oxidative stress conditions, and to a reduction in nutrients. We aimed to investigate how this distinct environment regulates T cell responses within the inflamed joints of patients with childhood rheumatism (JIA) by analyzing the behavior of NRF2-the key regulator of the anti-oxidative stress response-and its signaling pathways. METHODS Flow cytometry and quantitative RT-PCR were used to perform metabolic profiling of T cells and to measure the production of inflammatory cytokines. Loss of function analyses were carried out by means of siRNA transfection experiments. NRF2 activation was induced by treatment with 4-octyl-Itaconate (4-OI). RESULTS Flow cytometry analyses revealed a high metabolic status in CD4+ T cells taken from synovial fluid (SF) with greater mitochondrial mass, and increased glucose and fatty acid uptake. This resulted in a heightened oxidative status of SF CD4+ T cells. Despite raised ROS levels, expression of NRF2 and its target gene NQO1 were lower in CD4+ T cells from SF than in those from blood. Indeed, NRF2 activation of CD4+ T cells downregulated oxidative stress markers, altered the metabolic phenotype and reduced secretion of IFN-γ. CONCLUSION NRF2 could be a potential regulator in CD4+ T cells during chronic inflammation and could instigate a drift toward disease progression or regression, depending on the inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandhi Rajendiran
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sudheendra Hebbar Subramanyam
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.H.S.); (K.O.); Tel.: +49-0241-8089140 (K.O.)
| | - Patricia Klemm
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Vera Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jorg van Loosdregt
- Laboratory for Translational Medicine, Department of Pediatric Immunology & Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Vastert
- Laboratory for Translational Medicine, Department of Pediatric Immunology & Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina Vollbach
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kim Ohl
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.H.S.); (K.O.); Tel.: +49-0241-8089140 (K.O.)
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6
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Chang HD, Radbruch A, Kallinich T, Mashreghi MF, Hegazy AN, Kruglov A, Nedospasov S, Baumgrass R. [How T lymphocytes coordinate rheumatic inflammation]. Z Rheumatol 2022; 81:635-641. [PMID: 35380250 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-022-01186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Helper T (Th) cells play a decisive role in triggering and maintaining chronic rheumatic inflammation. Via secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and expression of costimulatory cell surface molecules, Th lymphocytes coordinate the recruitment and activation of effector cells, which are ultimately responsible for the immunopathology and tissue destruction. However, therapeutic approaches aimed at eliminating Th cells were unsuccessful due to their lack of selectivity. At the German Rheumatism Research Center (Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, DRFZ), we are working to improve the understanding of the Th cells involved in chronic inflammatory reactions. Based on this understanding, our aim is to develop novel treatment strategies that selectively target the pathogenic Th lymphocytes causing rheumatic inflammation. The current article summarizes the DRFZ's research activities on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Dong Chang
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, ein Institut der Leibniz Gemeinschaft, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
- Institut für Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, ein Institut der Leibniz Gemeinschaft, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Tilmann Kallinich
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, ein Institut der Leibniz Gemeinschaft, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
- Klinik für Pädiatrie mit Schwerpunkt Pneumologie, Immunologie und Intensivmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, ein Institut der Leibniz Gemeinschaft, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
- Single Cell Laboratory for Advanced Cellular Therapies, Berlin Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Ahmed N Hegazy
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, ein Institut der Leibniz Gemeinschaft, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Andrey Kruglov
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, ein Institut der Leibniz Gemeinschaft, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Sergei Nedospasov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russland
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russland
| | - Ria Baumgrass
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, ein Institut der Leibniz Gemeinschaft, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
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7
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Liu L, Ning X, Wei L, Zhou Y, Zhao L, Ma F, Bai M, Yang X, Wang D, Sun S. Twist1 downregulation of PGC-1α decreases fatty acid oxidation in tubular epithelial cells, leading to kidney fibrosis. Theranostics 2022; 12:3758-3775. [PMID: 35664054 PMCID: PMC9131259 DOI: 10.7150/thno.71722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: A deficiency of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is the metabolic hallmark in proximal tubular cells (PTCs) in renal fibrosis owing to utilization of fatty acids by PTCs as the main energy source. Lipid accumulation may promote lipotoxicity-induced pathological injury in renal tissue. However, the molecular mechanism underlying lipotoxicity and renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) remains unclear. Twist1 has been identified to play an essential role in fatty acid metabolism. We hypothesized that Twist1 may regulate FAO in PTCs and consequently facilitate lipotoxicity-induced TIF. Methods: We used hypoxia-induced Twist1 overexpression to incite defective mitochondrial FAO in PTCs, and used renal ischemia-reperfusion or unilateral ureteral obstruction to induce renal injury in mice. We used knockout cells, mice of Twist1, and Harmine to determine the role of Twist1 in FAO and TIF. Results: Overexpression of Twist1 downregulates the transcription of PGC-1α and further inhibits the expression of FAO-associated genes, such as PPARα, CPT1 and ACOX1. Consequently, reduced FAO and increased intracellular lipid droplet accumulation in a human PTC line (HK-2), leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, and production of increased profibrogenic factors. Twist1 knockout mice with renal injury had increased expression of PGC-1α, which restored FAO and obstructed progression of TIF. Strikingly, pharmacological inhibition of Twist1 by using Harmine reduced lipid accumulation and restored FAO in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Twist1-mediated inhibition of FAO in PTCs results in TIF and suggest that Twist1-targeted inhibition could provide a potential strategy for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Chang le West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.,School of Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ning
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Chang le West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Chang le West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Chang le West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Chang le West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Feng Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Chang le West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ming Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Chang le West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Chang le West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Chang le West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Shiren Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Chang le West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
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8
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Hunyenyiwa T, Hendee K, Matus K, Kyi P, Mammoto T, Mammoto A. Obesity Inhibits Angiogenesis Through TWIST1-SLIT2 Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:693410. [PMID: 34660572 PMCID: PMC8511494 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.693410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is required for functional adipose tissue maintenance, remodeling, and expansion. Physiologically balanced adipogenesis and angiogenesis are inhibited in subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese humans. However, the mechanism by which angiogenesis is inhibited in obese adipose tissue is not fully understood. Transcription factor TWIST1 controls angiogenesis and vascular function. TWIST1 expression is lower in obese human adipose tissues. Here, we have demonstrated that angiogenesis is inhibited in endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from adipose tissues of obese humans through TWIST1-SLIT2 signaling. The levels of TWIST1 and SLIT2 are lower in ECs isolated from obese human adipose tissues compared to those from lean tissues. Knockdown of TWIST1 in lean human adipose ECs decreases, while overexpression of TWIST1 in obese adipose ECs restores SLIT2 expression. DNA synthesis and cell migration are inhibited in obese adipose ECs and the effects are restored by TWIST1 overexpression. Obese adipose ECs also inhibit blood vessel formation in the gel subcutaneously implanted in mice, while these effects are restored when gels are mixed with SLIT2 or supplemented with ECs overexpressing TWIST1. These findings suggest that obesity impairs adipose tissue angiogenesis through TWIST1-SLIT2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tendai Hunyenyiwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Kathryn Hendee
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Kienna Matus
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Priscilla Kyi
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Tadanori Mammoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Akiko Mammoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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9
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Rosa Neto JC, Calder PC, Curi R, Newsholme P, Sethi JK, Silveira LS. The Immunometabolic Roles of Various Fatty Acids in Macrophages and Lymphocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168460. [PMID: 34445165 PMCID: PMC8395092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages and lymphocytes demonstrate metabolic plasticity, which is dependent partly on their state of activation and partly on the availability of various energy yielding and biosynthetic substrates (fatty acids, glucose, and amino acids). These substrates are essential to fuel-based metabolic reprogramming that supports optimal immune function, including the inflammatory response. In this review, we will focus on metabolism in macrophages and lymphocytes and discuss the role of fatty acids in governing the phenotype, activation, and functional status of these important cells. We summarize the current understanding of the pathways of fatty acid metabolism and related mechanisms of action and also explore possible new perspectives in this exciting area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Cesar Rosa Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
- LIM-26, Hospital das Clínicas of the University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Philip C. Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (P.C.C.); (J.K.S.)
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo 01506-000, Brazil;
| | - Philip Newsholme
- Curtin Medical School and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia;
| | - Jaswinder K. Sethi
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (P.C.C.); (J.K.S.)
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Loreana S. Silveira
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
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10
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Immunological memory in rheumatic inflammation - a roadblock to tolerance induction. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:291-305. [PMID: 33824526 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00601-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Why do we still have no cure for chronic inflammatory diseases? One reason could be that current therapies are based on the assumption that chronic inflammation is driven by persistent 'acute' immune reactions. Here we discuss a paradigm shift by suggesting that beyond these reactions, chronic inflammation is driven by imprinted, pathogenic 'memory' cells of the immune system. This rationale is based on the observation that in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases refractory to conventional immunosuppressive therapies, therapy-free remission can be achieved by resetting the immune system; that is, by ablating immune cells and regenerating the immune system from stem cells. The success of this approach identifies antigen-experienced and imprinted immune cells as essential and sufficient drivers of inflammation. The 'dark side' of immunological memory primarily involves memory plasma cells secreting pathogenic antibodies and memory T lymphocytes secreting pathogenic cytokines and chemokines, but can also involve cells of innate immunity. New therapeutic strategies should address the persistence of these memory cells. Selective targeting of pathogenic immune memory cells could be based on their specificity, which is challenging, or on their lifestyle, which differs from that of protective immune memory cells, in particular for pathogenic T lymphocytes. The adaptations of such pathogenic memory cells to chronic inflammation offers entirely new therapeutic options for their selective ablation and the regeneration of immunological tolerance.
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11
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Zheng H, Jin S, Li T, Ying W, Ying B, Chen D, Ning J, Zheng C, Li Y, Li C, Chen C, Li X, Gao H. Metabolomics reveals sex-specific metabolic shifts and predicts the duration from positive to negative in non-severe COVID-19 patients during recovery process. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1863-1873. [PMID: 33841749 PMCID: PMC8021501 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic profiling in COVID-19 patients has been associated with disease severity, but there is no report on sex-specific metabolic changes in discharged survivors. Herein we used an integrated approach of LC-MS-and GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics to analyze plasma metabolic characteristics in men and women with non-severe COVID-19 at both acute period and 30 days after discharge. The results demonstrate that metabolic alterations in plasma of COVID-19 patients during the recovery and rehabilitation process were presented in a sex specific manner. Overall, the levels of most metabolites were increased in COVID-19 patients after the cure relative to acute period. The major plasma metabolic changes were identified including fatty acids in men and glycerophosphocholines and carbohydrates in women. In addition, we found that women had shorter length of hospitalization than men and metabolic characteristics may contribute to predict the duration from positive to negative in non-severe COVID-19 patients. Collectively, this study shed light on sex-specific metabolic shifts in non-severe COVID-19 patients during the recovery process, suggesting a sex bias in prognostic and therapeutic evaluations based on metabolic profiling.
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Key Words
- ALT, Alanine aminotransferase
- AP, Acute period (AP)
- APTT, Activated partial thromboplastin time
- BCAAs, Branched‐chain amino acids
- BP, Blood platelet
- CA, Carbamide
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Novel coronavirus disease 2019
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- DAA, Dehydroascorbic acid
- DD, D-dimer
- DP, Diastolic pressure
- FIB, Fibrinogen
- FP, Follow-up period
- Fatty acid
- GPCs, Glycerophosphocholines
- HGB, Hemoglobin
- LY, Lymphocyte
- Metabolism
- NG, Neutrophilic granulocyte
- NK, Natural killer
- PCT, Procalcitonin
- PLS-DA, Partial least squares-discriminant analysis
- PLSR, Partial least squares regression
- PT, Prothrombin time
- PTC, Phosphatidylcholine
- RDW, Red cell distribution width
- RR, Respiratory rate
- S1P, Sphingosine-1-phosphate
- SARS-CoV
- Sex difference
- TBL, Total B lymphocyte
- TTL, Total T lymphocyte
- WBC, White blood cell
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Shengwei Jin
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ting Li
- Clinical Research Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Weiyang Ying
- Department of Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binyu Ying
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Jie Ning
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chanfan Zheng
- Clinical Research Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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12
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Shuvalov O, Daks A, Fedorova O, Petukhov A, Barlev N. Linking Metabolic Reprogramming, Plasticity and Tumor Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040762. [PMID: 33673109 PMCID: PMC7917602 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the present review, we discuss the role of metabolic reprogramming which occurs in malignant cells. The process of metabolic reprogramming is also known as one of the “hallmarks of cancer”. Due to several reasons, including the origin of cancer, tumor microenvironment, and the tumor progression stage, metabolic reprogramming can be heterogeneous and dynamic. In this review, we provide evidence that the usage of metabolic drugs is a promising approach to treat cancer. However, because these drugs can damage not only malignant cells but also normal rapidly dividing cells, it is important to understand the exact metabolic changes which are elicited by particular drivers in concrete tissue and are specific for each stage of cancer development, including metastases. Finally, the review highlights new promising targets for the development of new metabolic drugs. Abstract The specific molecular features of cancer cells that distinguish them from the normal ones are denoted as “hallmarks of cancer”. One of the critical hallmarks of cancer is an altered metabolism which provides tumor cells with energy and structural resources necessary for rapid proliferation. The key feature of a cancer-reprogrammed metabolism is its plasticity, allowing cancer cells to better adapt to various conditions and to oppose different therapies. Furthermore, the alterations of metabolic pathways in malignant cells are heterogeneous and are defined by several factors including the tissue of origin, driving mutations, and microenvironment. In the present review, we discuss the key features of metabolic reprogramming and plasticity associated with different stages of tumor, from primary tumors to metastases. We also provide evidence of the successful usage of metabolic drugs in anticancer therapy. Finally, we highlight new promising targets for the development of new metabolic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Shuvalov
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 194064 St-Petersburg, Russia; (O.S.); (A.D.); (O.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Alexandra Daks
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 194064 St-Petersburg, Russia; (O.S.); (A.D.); (O.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Olga Fedorova
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 194064 St-Petersburg, Russia; (O.S.); (A.D.); (O.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Alexey Petukhov
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 194064 St-Petersburg, Russia; (O.S.); (A.D.); (O.F.); (A.P.)
- Almazov National Medical Research Center, 197341 St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nickolai Barlev
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 194064 St-Petersburg, Russia; (O.S.); (A.D.); (O.F.); (A.P.)
- MIPT, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
- Orekhovich IBMC, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-812-297-4519
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13
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Maschmeyer P, Heinz GA, Skopnik CM, Lutter L, Mazzoni A, Heinrich F, von Stuckrad SL, Wirth LE, Tran CL, Riedel R, Lehmann K, Sakwa I, Cimaz R, Giudici F, Mall MA, Enghard P, Vastert B, Chang HD, Durek P, Annunziato F, van Wijk F, Radbruch A, Kallinich T, Mashreghi MF. Antigen-driven PD-1 + TOX + BHLHE40 + and PD-1 + TOX + EOMES + T lymphocytes regulate juvenile idiopathic arthritis in situ. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:915-929. [PMID: 33296081 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes accumulate in inflamed tissues of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) and express pro-inflammatory cytokines upon re-stimulation in vitro. Further, a significant genetic linkage to MHC genes suggests that T lymphocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of CIDs including juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). However, the functions of T lymphocytes in established disease remain elusive. Here we dissect the transcriptional and the clonal heterogeneity of synovial T lymphocytes in JIA patients by single-cell RNA sequencing combined with T cell receptor profiling on the same cells. We identify clonally expanded subpopulations of T lymphocytes expressing genes reflecting recent activation by antigen in situ. A PD-1+ TOX+ EOMES+ population of CD4+ T lymphocytes expressed immune regulatory genes and chemoattractant genes for myeloid cells. A PD-1+ TOX+ BHLHE40+ population of CD4+ , and a mirror population of CD8+ T lymphocytes expressed genes driving inflammation, and genes supporting B lymphocyte activation in situ. This analysis points out that multiple types of T lymphocytes have to be targeted for therapeutic regeneration of tolerance in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Maschmeyer
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gitta Anne Heinz
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Mark Skopnik
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisanne Lutter
- Center for Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alessio Mazzoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Frederik Heinrich
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sae Lim von Stuckrad
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin SPZ (Center for Chronically Sick Children), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenz Elias Wirth
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cam Loan Tran
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - René Riedel
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Lehmann
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Imme Sakwa
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rolando Cimaz
- Anna Meyer Children's Hospital and University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Giudici
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marcus Alexander Mall
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Enghard
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bas Vastert
- Center for Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Durek
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.,BCRT/DRFZ Single-Cell Laboratory for Advanced Cellular Therapies - Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Femke van Wijk
- Center for Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilmann Kallinich
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.,BCRT/DRFZ Single-Cell Laboratory for Advanced Cellular Therapies - Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
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14
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Souto-Carneiro MM, Klika KD, Abreu MT, Meyer AP, Saffrich R, Sandhoff R, Jennemann R, Kraus FV, Tykocinski L, Eckstein V, Carvalho L, Kriegsmann M, Giese T, Lorenz HM, Carvalho RA. Effect of Increased Lactate Dehydrogenase A Activity and Aerobic Glycolysis on the Proinflammatory Profile of Autoimmune CD8+ T Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:2050-2064. [PMID: 32602217 DOI: 10.1002/art.41420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CD8+ T cells contribute to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by releasing proinflammatory and cytolytic mediators, even in a challenging hypoxic and nutrient-poor microenvironment such as the synovial membrane. This study was undertaken to explore the mechanisms through which CD8+ T cells meet their metabolic demands in the blood and synovial membrane of patients with RA. METHODS Purified blood CD8+ T cells from patients with RA, patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA), as well as healthy control subjects, and CD8+ T cells from RA synovial membrane were stimulated in medium containing 13 C-labeled metabolic substrates in the presence or absence of metabolic inhibitors, under conditions of normoxia or hypoxia. The production of metabolic intermediates was quantified by 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance. The expression of metabolic enzymes, transcription factors, and immune effector molecules was assessed at both the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. CD8+ T cell functional studies were performed. RESULTS RA blood CD8+ T cells met their metabolic demands through aerobic glycolysis, production of uniformly 13 C-enriched lactate in the RA blood (2.6 to 3.7-fold higher than in patients with SpA, patients with PsA, and healthy controls; P < 0.01), and induction of glutaminolysis. Overexpression of Warburg effect-linked enzymes in all RA CD8+ T cell subsets maintained this metabolic profile, conferring to the cells the capacity to proliferate under hypoxia and low-glucose conditions. In all RA CD8+ T cell subsets, lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) was overexpressed at the mRNA level (P < 0.03 versus controls; n = 6 per group) and protein level (P < 0.05 versus controls; n = 17 RA patients, n = 9 controls). In RA blood, inhibition of LDHA with FX11 led to reductions in lipogenesis, migration and proliferation of CD8+ T cells, and CD8+ T cell effector functions, while production of reactive oxygen species was increased by 1.5-fold (P < 0.03 versus controls). Following inhibition of LDHA with FX11, RA CD8+ T cells lost their capacity to induce healthy B cells to develop a proinflammatory phenotype. Similar metabolic alterations were observed in RA CD8+ T cells from the synovial membrane. CONCLUSION Remodeling glucose and glutamine metabolism in RA CD8+ T cells by targeting LDHA activity can reduce the deleterious inflammatory and cytolytic contributions of these cells to the development of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mónica T Abreu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André P Meyer
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, and Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Saffrich
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, and Deutsches Rotes Kreuz Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lina Carvalho
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Rui A Carvalho
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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15
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Ren J, Crowley SD. Twist1: A Double-Edged Sword in Kidney Diseases. KIDNEY DISEASES 2020; 6:247-257. [PMID: 32903940 DOI: 10.1159/000505188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Twist1 is a basic helix-loop-helix domain containing transcription factor that regulates cell differentiation, migration, proliferation, survival, and inflammatory responses by transcriptionally regulating a wide range of downstream target genes. Its homologous protein, Twist2, shares many structural and functional similarities with Twist1. Summary Accumulating evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies suggests that Twist1 is a pivotal regulator of several forms of renal disease. Twist1 is persistently activated following renal insults, particularly in chronic kidney diseases, and contributes to the renal inflammatory responses, tubular cell transformation programs, and possibly fibroblast activation, all of which are involved in the initiation and progression of kidney diseases. Key Message This review will specifically focus on Twist1 and outline our understanding of its functions in kidney disorders along with the introduction of Twist2 where pertinent. The thorough knowledge of Twist1's actions in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases should facilitate the development of novel therapeutics for kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafa Ren
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven D Crowley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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