1
|
Gu M, Liu Y, Xin P, Guo W, Zhao Z, Yang X, Ma R, Jiao T, Zheng W. Fundamental insights and molecular interactions in pancreatic cancer: Pathways to therapeutic approaches. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216738. [PMID: 38401887 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract can be affected by a number of diseases that pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant manifestation of them. The prognosis of PC patients is unfavorable and because of their diagnosis at advanced stage, the treatment of this tumor is problematic. Owing to low survival rate, there is much interest towards understanding the molecular profile of PC in an attempt in developing more effective therapeutics. The conventional therapeutics for PC include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as emerging immunotherapy. However, PC is still incurable and more effort should be performed. The molecular landscape of PC is an underlying factor involved in increase in progression of tumor cells. In the presence review, the newest advances in understanding the molecular and biological events in PC are discussed. The dysregulation of molecular pathways including AMPK, MAPK, STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin and non-coding RNA transcripts has been suggested as a factor in development of tumorigenesis in PC. Moreover, cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis and necroptosis demonstrate abnormal levels. The EMT and glycolysis in PC cells enhance to ensure their metastasis and proliferation. Furthermore, such abnormal changes have been used to develop corresponding pharmacological and nanotechnological therapeutics for PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Peng Xin
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Zimo Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Ruiyang Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
| | - Taiwei Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xie G, Tong F, Xu M, Shu Y, Li Z. DT-13 inhibits the proliferation of pancreatic cancer by inducing apoptosis via AMPK-mTOR signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 695:149451. [PMID: 38176173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE DT-13, the principal active component of Mysidium shortscapes from the Liliaceae family, has garnered substantial interest in cancer therapy owing to its potential anticancer properties. This study investigated the effects of DT-13 on the proliferation and apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer cell lines and aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS PANC1 and CFPAC1 cells were exposed to DT-13 and their proliferation was assessed using RTCA and clone formation assays. Apoptotic protein expression was analyzed by western blotting, and apoptotic cells were identified by flow cytometry. RNA was extracted from DT-13 treated and untreated PANC1 cells for RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed genes were identified and subjected to GO bioprocess, KEGG pathway analysis, and western blotting. Finally, to evaluate tumor growth, CFPAC1 cells were subcutaneously injected into BALB/c nude mice. RESULTS DT-13 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of PANC1 and CFPAC1 cells by activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway and suppressing p70 S6K. Moreover, DT-13 hindered the growth of CFPAC1 xenograft tumors in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS DT-13 effectively inhibited the growth of human pancreatic cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gangyin Xie
- Department of Breast, Thyroid and Vascular Surgery, Chongqing University FuLing Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fuyun Tong
- Department of Breast, Thyroid and Vascular Surgery, Chongqing University FuLing Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meiling Xu
- Department of Breast, Thyroid and Vascular Surgery, Chongqing University FuLing Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing University FuLing Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ziwei Li
- Central Laboratory, Chongqing University FuLing Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mohamed MR, Osman SA, Hassan AA, Raafat AI, Refaat MM, Fathy SA. Gemcitabine and synthesized silver nanoparticles impact on chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma in male rats. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2024; 38:3946320241263352. [PMID: 39046434 PMCID: PMC11271163 DOI: 10.1177/03946320241263352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Gemcitabine (GEM) is a deoxycytidine analog chemotherapeutic drug widely used to treat many cancers. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are important nanomaterials used to treat many diseases. Using gamma radiation in nanoparticle preparation is a new eco-friendly method. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of co-treating gemcitabine and silver nanoparticles in treating hepatocellular carcinoma. Method: The AgNPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD, TEM, and EDX. The MTT cytotoxicity in vitro assay of gemcitabine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide was assessed against Wi38 normal fibroblast and HepG2 HCC cell lines. After HCC development, rats received (10 µg/g b.wt.) of AgNPs three times a week for 4 weeks and/or GEM (5 mg/kg b.wt.) twice weekly for 4 weeks. Liver function enzymes were investigated. Cytochrome P450 and miR-21 genes were studied. Apoptosis was determined by using flow cytometry, and apoptotic modifications in signaling pathways were evaluated via Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-9, and SMAD-4. Results: The co-treatment of GEM and AgNPs increased apoptosis by upregulating Bax and caspase 9 while diminishing Bcl2 and SMAD4. It also improved cytochrome P450 m-RNA relative expression. The results also proved the cooperation between GEM and AgNPs in deactivating miR21. The impact of AgNPs as an adjuvant treatment with GEM was recognized. Conclusions: The study showed that co-treating AgNPs and GEM can improve the efficiency of GEM alone in treating HCC. This is achieved by enhancing intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways while diminishing some drawbacks of using GEM alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soheir A Osman
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Hassan
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany I Raafat
- Polymer Chemistry Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Refaat
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shadia A Fathy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ashrafizadeh M, Luo K, Zhang W, Reza Aref A, Zhang X. Acquired and intrinsic gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer therapy: Environmental factors, molecular profile and drug/nanotherapeutic approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117443. [PMID: 37863168 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
A high number of cancer patients around the world rely on gemcitabine (GEM) for chemotherapy. During local metastasis of cancers, surgery is beneficial for therapy, but dissemination in distant organs leads to using chemotherapy alone or in combination with surgery to prevent cancer recurrence. Therapy failure can be observed as a result of GEM resistance, threatening life of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients. The mortality and morbidity of PC in contrast to other tumors are increasing. GEM chemotherapy is widely utilized for PC suppression, but resistance has encountered its therapeutic impacts. The purpose of current review is to bring a broad concept about role of biological mechanisms and pathways in the development of GEM resistance in PC and then, therapeutic strategies based on using drugs or nanostructures for overcoming chemoresistance. Dysregulation of the epigenetic factors especially non-coding RNA transcripts can cause development of GEM resistance in PC and miRNA transfection or using genetic tools such as siRNA for modulating expression level of these factors for changing GEM resistance are suggested. The overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins and survival genes can contribute to GEM resistance in PC. Moreover, supportive autophagy inhibits apoptosis and stimulates GEM resistance in PC cells. Increase in metabolism, glycolysis induction and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) stimulation are considered as other factors participating in GEM resistance in PC. Drugs can suppress tumorigenesis in PC and inhibit survival factors and pathways in increasing GEM sensitivity in PC. More importantly, nanoparticles can increase pharmacokinetic profile of GEM and promote its blood circulation and accumulation in cancer site. Nanoparticles mediate delivery of GEM with genes and drugs to suppress tumorigenesis in PC and increase drug sensitivity. The basic research displays significant connection among dysregulated pathways and GEM resistance, but the lack of clinical application is a drawback that can be responded in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; International Association for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Kuo Luo
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Hyheia Hospital, Chongqing, 4001331, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xianbin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen T, Bao S, Chen J, Zhang J, Wei H, Hu X, Liang Y, Li J, Yan S. Xiaojianzhong decoction attenuates aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/ULK1 and AMPK/ULK1 pathways. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1234-1248. [PMID: 37602379 PMCID: PMC10443964 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2243998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Xiaojianzhong decoction (XJZD), classically prescribed in Chinese medicine, has protective and healing effects on gastric mucosal injury. However, the exact mechanism behind this effect remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of XJZD on gastric mucosal injury and explore its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were randomized into six groups (n = 10): the control group receiving sterile water, the model (aspirin 300 mg/kg), the XJZD high-dose (12 g/kg), XJZD medium-dose (6 g/kg), XJZD low-dose (3 g/kg) and omeprazole (20 mg/kg) groups, by gavage daily for 14 days. The area of gastric mucosal injury, mucosal injury index and degree of histopathological damage were analysed. Gastric mucosal epithelial cell apoptosis was detected. Epithelial cell autophagy was observed. The expression levels of tight junction proteins and proteins related to apoptosis, autophagy and the pentose phosphate pathway were analysed. RESULTS The results showed that after treatment with XJZD (12, 6 and 3 g/kg), the mucosal injury area was reduced (83.4%, 22.6% and 11.3%), the expression level of ZO-1 and occludin was up-regulated, the apoptosis rate of epithelial cells was reduced (40.8%, 25.4% and 8.7%), the expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3 and Beclin1 was decreased and the expression of p62 was increased, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/ULK1(ser757) signalling pathway was activated, and the AMPK/ULK1(ser317) signalling pathway was inhibited. In addition, XJZD can antagonize the imbalance of redox homeostasis caused by aspirin and protect the gastric mucosa. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS XJZD protects against aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury, implying it to be a potential therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases and Prescriptions in Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Shengchuan Bao
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases and Prescriptions in Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Juan Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases and Prescriptions in Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases and Prescriptions in Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Hailiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases and Prescriptions in Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Xin Hu
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center of Fu tea, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center of Fu tea, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Jingtao Li
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases and Prescriptions in Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Shuguang Yan
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases and Prescriptions in Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guo F, Kan K, Rückert F, Rückert W, Li L, Eberhard J, May T, Sticht C, Dirks WG, Reißfelder C, Pallavi P, Keese M. Comparison of Tumour-Specific Phenotypes in Human Primary and Expandable Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13530. [PMID: 37686338 PMCID: PMC10488093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an ongoing need for patient-specific chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer. Tumour cells isolated from human tissues can be used to predict patients' response to chemotherapy. However, the isolation and maintenance of pancreatic cancer cells is challenging because these cells become highly vulnerable after losing the tumour microenvironment. Therefore, we investigated whether the cells retained their original characteristics after lentiviral transfection and expansion. Three human primary pancreatic cancer cell lines were lentivirally transduced to create expandable (Ex) cells which were then compared with primary (Pri) cells. No obvious differences in the morphology or epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were observed between the primary and expandable cell lines. The two expandable cell lines showed higher proliferation rates in the 2D and 3D models. All three expandable cell lines showed attenuated migratory ability. Differences in gene expression between primary and expandable cell lines were then compared using RNA-Seq data. Potential target drugs were predicted by differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and differentially expressed pathways (DEPs) related to tumour-specific characteristics such as proliferation, migration, EMT, drug resistance, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were investigated using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. We found that the two expandable cell lines expressed similar chemosensitivity and redox-regulatory capability to gemcitabine and oxaliplatin in the 2D model as compared to their counterparts. In conclusion, we successfully generated expandable primary pancreatic cancer cell lines using lentiviral transduction. These expandable cells not only retain some tumour-specific biological traits of primary cells but also show an ongoing proliferative capacity, thereby yielding sufficient material for drug response assays, which may provide a patient-specific platform for chemotherapy drug screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (F.G.); (K.K.); (L.L.); (J.E.); (C.R.)
| | - Kejia Kan
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (F.G.); (K.K.); (L.L.); (J.E.); (C.R.)
- European Center of Angioscience ECAS, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Felix Rückert
- Surgical Department, Diakonissen Krankenhaus Speyer, 67346 Speyer, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Rückert
- Ingenieurbüro Dr. Ing. Rückert Data Analysis, Kirchweg 4, 57647 Nistertal, Germany;
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (F.G.); (K.K.); (L.L.); (J.E.); (C.R.)
- European Center of Angioscience ECAS, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Eberhard
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (F.G.); (K.K.); (L.L.); (J.E.); (C.R.)
| | - Tobias May
- InSCREENeX GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Next Generation Sequencing Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Wilhelm G. Dirks
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Christoph Reißfelder
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (F.G.); (K.K.); (L.L.); (J.E.); (C.R.)
| | - Prama Pallavi
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (F.G.); (K.K.); (L.L.); (J.E.); (C.R.)
- European Center of Angioscience ECAS, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Keese
- European Center of Angioscience ECAS, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Theresienkrankenhaus, 68165 Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alattar A, Alshaman R, Althobaiti YS, Soliman GM, Ali HS, Khubrni WS, Koh PO, Rehman NU, Shah FA. Quercetin Alleviated Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis and Modulated the mTOR/P70S6/P6/eIF4E/4EBP1 Pathway in Ischemic Stroke. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1182. [PMID: 37631097 PMCID: PMC10459024 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke ranks as the world's second most prevalent cause of mortality, and it represents a major public health concern with profound economic and social implications. In the present study, we elucidated the neuroprotective role of quercetin on NLRP3-associated pyroptosis, Nrf2-coupled anti-inflammatory, and mTOR-dependent downstream pathways. Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to 72 h of transient middle cerebral artery ischemia, followed by the administration of 10 mg/kg of quercetin. Our findings demonstrated that MCAO induced elevated ROS which were coupled to inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and altered mTOR-related signaling proteins. We performed ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting to unveil the underlying role of the Nrf2/HO-1 and PDK/AKT/mTOR pathways in the ischemic cortex and striatum. Our results showed that quercetin post-treatment activated the Nrf2/HO-1 cascade, reversed pyroptosis, and modulated the autophagy-related pathway PDK/AKT/mTOR/P70S6/P6/eIF4E/4EBP1. Further, quercetin enhances the sequestering effect of 14-3-3 and reversed the decrease in interaction between p-Bad and 14-3-3 and p-FKHR and 14-3-3. Our findings showed that quercetin exerts its protective benefits and rescues neuronal damage by several mechanisms, and it might be a viable neuroprotective drug for ischemic stroke therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alattar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (W.S.K.)
| | - Reem Alshaman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (W.S.K.)
| | - Yusuf S. Althobaiti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 21944, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghareb M. Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Howaida S. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit 71515, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Salman Khubrni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (W.S.K.)
| | - Phil Ok Koh
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sttam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ashrafizadeh M, Zhang W, Zou R, Sethi G, Klionsky DJ, Zhang X. A bioinformatics analysis, pre-clinical and clinical conception of autophagy in pancreatic cancer: Complexity and simplicity in crosstalk. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106822. [PMID: 37336429 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a serious gastrointestinal tract disease for which the 5-year survival rate is less than 10%, even in developed countries such as the USA. The genomic profile alterations and dysregulated biological mechanisms commonly occur in PC. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a cell death process that is maintained at a basal level in physiological conditions, whereas its level often changes during tumorigenesis. The function of autophagy in human cancers is dual and can be oncogenic and onco-suppressor. Autophagy is a potent controller of tumorigenesis in PC. The supportive autophagy in PC escalates the growth rate of PC cells and its suppression can mediate cell death. Autophagy also determines the metastasis of PC cells, and it can control the EMT in affecting migration. Moreover, starvation and hypoxia can stimulate glycolysis, and glycolysis induction can be mediated by autophagy in enhancing tumorigenesis in PC. Furthermore, protective autophagy stimulates drug resistance and gemcitabine resistance in PC cells, and its inhibition can enhance radiosensitivity. Autophagy can degrade MHC-I to mediate immune evasion and also regulates polarization of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Modulation of autophagy activity is provided by silibinin, ursolic acid, chrysin and huaier in the treatment of PC. Non-coding RNAs are also controllers of autophagy in PC and its inhibition can improve therapy response in patients. Moreover, mitophagy shows dysregulation in PC, which can enhance the proliferation of PC cells. Therefore, a bioinformatics analysis demonstrates the dysregulation of autophagy-related proteins and genes in PC as biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Rongjun Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology and NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xianbin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Marin-Muller C, Li D, Lü JM, Liang Z, Vega-Martínez O, Crawford SE, Estes MK, Fisher WE, Chen C, Yao Q. Nanoparticle-Mediated Therapy with miR-198 Sensitizes Pancreatic Cancer to Gemcitabine Treatment through Downregulation of VCP-Mediated Autophagy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2038. [PMID: 37631252 PMCID: PMC10457905 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains an extremely aggressive disease characterized by rapidly acquired multi-drug resistance, including to first-line chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine. Autophagy is a process that is often exploited by cancer and is one of several intrinsic factors associated with resistance to gemcitabine. We have previously found that miR-198 acts as a tumor suppressor in PDAC through the targeting of factors including Valosin-containing protein (VCP). VCP has been reported to play an important role in autophagic flux. In this study, we investigated whether the repression of VCP through miR-198 administration disrupts the autophagy process and sensitizes PDAC cells to gemcitabine treatment in vitro. Moreover, we used LGA-PEI (LPNP) nanoparticles to effectively administer miR-198 to tumors in vivo, inducing tumor sensitization to gemcitabine and leading to a significant reduction in tumor burden and metastases and a concomitant downregulation of VCP expression and autophagy maturation. Our results indicate a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting gemcitabine resistant PDAC and establishes the use of LPNPs for effective therapeutic delivery of nucleic acids in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Marin-Muller
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.M.-M.)
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Speratum Biopharma, Inc., Dover, DE 19901, USA
| | - Dali Li
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.M.-M.)
| | - Jian-Ming Lü
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.M.-M.)
| | - Zhengdong Liang
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.M.-M.)
| | | | - Sue E. Crawford
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mary K. Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William E. Fisher
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.M.-M.)
| | - Changyi Chen
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.M.-M.)
| | - Qizhi Yao
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.M.-M.)
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gillson J, Abd El-Aziz YS, Leck LYW, Jansson PJ, Pavlakis N, Samra JS, Mittal A, Sahni S. Autophagy: A Key Player in Pancreatic Cancer Progression and a Potential Drug Target. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3528. [PMID: 35884592 PMCID: PMC9315706 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is known to have the lowest survival outcomes among all major cancers, and unfortunately, this has only been marginally improved over last four decades. The innate characteristics of pancreatic cancer include an aggressive and fast-growing nature from powerful driver mutations, a highly defensive tumor microenvironment and the upregulation of advantageous survival pathways such as autophagy. Autophagy involves targeted degradation of proteins and organelles to provide a secondary source of cellular supplies to maintain cell growth. Elevated autophagic activity in pancreatic cancer is recognized as a major survival pathway as it provides a plethora of support for tumors by supplying vital resources, maintaining tumour survival under the stressful microenvironment and promoting other pathways involved in tumour progression and metastasis. The combination of these features is unique to pancreatic cancer and present significant resistance to chemotherapeutic strategies, thus, indicating a need for further investigation into therapies targeting this crucial pathway. This review will outline the autophagy pathway and its regulation, in addition to the genetic landscape and tumor microenvironment that contribute to pancreatic cancer severity. Moreover, this review will also discuss the mechanisms of novel therapeutic strategies that inhibit autophagy and how they could be used to suppress tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Gillson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (J.G.); (Y.S.A.E.-A.); (L.Y.W.L.); (P.J.J.); (N.P.); (J.S.S.); (A.M.)
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Yomna S. Abd El-Aziz
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (J.G.); (Y.S.A.E.-A.); (L.Y.W.L.); (P.J.J.); (N.P.); (J.S.S.); (A.M.)
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Lionel Y. W. Leck
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (J.G.); (Y.S.A.E.-A.); (L.Y.W.L.); (P.J.J.); (N.P.); (J.S.S.); (A.M.)
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Cancer Drug Resistance and Stem Cell Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J. Jansson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (J.G.); (Y.S.A.E.-A.); (L.Y.W.L.); (P.J.J.); (N.P.); (J.S.S.); (A.M.)
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Cancer Drug Resistance and Stem Cell Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nick Pavlakis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (J.G.); (Y.S.A.E.-A.); (L.Y.W.L.); (P.J.J.); (N.P.); (J.S.S.); (A.M.)
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Jaswinder S. Samra
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (J.G.); (Y.S.A.E.-A.); (L.Y.W.L.); (P.J.J.); (N.P.); (J.S.S.); (A.M.)
- Upper GI Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital and North Shore Private Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Australian Pancreatic Centre, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Anubhav Mittal
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (J.G.); (Y.S.A.E.-A.); (L.Y.W.L.); (P.J.J.); (N.P.); (J.S.S.); (A.M.)
- Upper GI Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital and North Shore Private Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Australian Pancreatic Centre, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (J.G.); (Y.S.A.E.-A.); (L.Y.W.L.); (P.J.J.); (N.P.); (J.S.S.); (A.M.)
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Australian Pancreatic Centre, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
PD-1 Cellular Nanovesicles Carrying Gemcitabine to Inhibit the Proliferation of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061263. [PMID: 35745835 PMCID: PMC9229990 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PD-1 inhibitor Keytruda combined with chemotherapy for Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been approved for FDA, successfully representing the combination therapy of immunotherapy and chemotherapy for the first time in 2020. However, PD-L1 inhibitor Tecentriq combined with albumin paclitaxel using the similar strategy failed to achieve the expected effect. Therefore, it is still necessary to explore new effective immunotherapy and chemotherapy-based combined strategies. We developed a cell membrane-derived programmed death-ligand 1(PD-1) nanovesicle to encapsulate low-dose gemcitabine (PD-1&GEM NVs) to study the effect on breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. We found that engineered PD-1&GEM NVs could synergistically inhibit the proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer, which interacted with PD-L1 in triple-negative breast cancer to disrupt the PD-L1/PD-1 immune inhibitory axis and promoted cancer cell apoptosis. Moreover, PD-1&GEM NVs had better tumor targeting ability for PD-L1 highly-expressed TNBC cells, contributing to increasing the drug effectiveness and reducing toxicity. Importantly, gemcitabine-encapsulated PD-1 NVs exerted stronger effects on promoting apoptosis of tumor cells, increasing infiltrated CD8+ T cell activation, delaying the tumor growth and prolonging the survival of tumor-bearing mice than PD-1 NVs or gemcitabine alone. Thus, our study highlighted the power of combined low-dose gemcitabine and PD-1 in the nanovesicles as treatment to treat triple-negative breast cancer.
Collapse
|
12
|
Exploration of the System-Level Mechanisms of the Herbal Drug FDY003 for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment: A Network Pharmacological Investigation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7160209. [PMID: 35591866 PMCID: PMC9113891 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7160209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the most lethal cancer with the lowest survival rate globally. Although the prescription of herbal drugs against PC is gaining increasing attention, their polypharmacological therapeutic mechanisms are yet to be fully understood. Based on network pharmacology, we explored the anti-PC properties and system-level mechanisms of the herbal drug FDY003. FDY003 decreased the viability of human PC cells and strengthened their chemosensitivity. Network pharmacological analysis of FDY003 indicated the presence of 16 active phytochemical components and 123 PC-related pharmacological targets. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the PC-related targets of FDY003 participate in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation, cell cycle process, cell survival, and cell death. In addition, FDY003 was shown to target diverse key pathways associated with PC pathophysiology, namely, the PIK3-Akt, MAPK, FoxO, focal adhesion, TNF, p53, HIF-1, and Ras pathways. Our network pharmacological findings advance the mechanistic understanding of the anti-PC properties of FDY003 from a system perspective.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma J, Xue H, He LH, Wang LY, Wang XJ, Li X, Zhang L. The Role and Mechanism of Autophagy in Pancreatic Cancer: An Update Review. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:8231-8240. [PMID: 34754243 PMCID: PMC8572014 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s328786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, with high morbidity and mortality rates, is one of the most malignant tumors worldwide. Despite extensive research, the prognosis remains poor. Autophagy, a lysosomal-mediated, highly conserved degradation process that removes abnormal proteins and damaged organelles from the body, is upregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Based on differences in the tumor microenvironment and tumor stage, the functions of autophagy in the pathophysiology and treatment of pancreatic cancer differ. In the initial phase, autophagy inhibits the transformation of precancerous lesions to cancer. However, in the progressive stage, autophagy promotes tumor growth. Autophagy is also one of the main mechanisms of drug resistance during treatment. Here, we describe the role of autophagy in pancreatic cancer progression and discuss relevant treatment strategies for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Hong He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu J, Liu L, Han YS, Yi J, Guo C, Zhao HQ, Ling J, Wang YH. The molecular mechanism underlying mitophagy-mediated hippocampal neuron apoptosis in diabetes-related depression. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7342-7353. [PMID: 34213839 PMCID: PMC8335699 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes‐related depression (DD) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. Our previous studies indicated that glutamate (Glu) and hippocampal neuron apoptosis are key signal and direct factor leading to diabetes‐related depression, respectively. However, the accurate pathogenesis remains to be unclear. We hypothesized that diabetes‐related depression might be associated with the mitophagy‐mediated hippocampal neuron apoptosis, triggered by aberrant Glu‐glutamate receptor2 (GluR2)‐Parkin pathway. To testify this hypothesis, here the rat model of DD in vivo and in vitro were both established so as to uncover the potential mechanism of DD based on mitophagy and apoptosis. We found that DD rats exhibit an elevated glutamate levels followed by monoamine neurotransmitter deficiency and depressive‐like behaviour, and DD modelling promoted autophagosome formation and caused mitochondrial impairment, eventually leading to hippocampal neuron apoptosis via aberrant Glu‐GluR2‐Parkin pathway. Further, in vitro study demonstrated that the simulated DD conditions resulted in an abnormal glutamate and monoamine neurotransmitter levels followed by autophagic flux increment, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and lactic dehydrogenase elevation. Interestingly, both GluR2 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) receptor blocker aggravated mitophagy‐induced hippocampal neuron apoptosis and abnormal expression of apoptotic protein. In contrast, both GluR2 and mTOR receptor agonist ameliorated those apoptosis in simulated DD conditions. Our findings revealed that mitophagy‐mediated hippocampal neuron apoptosis, triggered by aberrant Glu‐GluR2‐Parkin pathway, is responsible for depressive‐like behaviour and monoamine neurotransmitter deficiency in DD rats. This work provides promising molecular targets and strategy for the treatment of DD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Liu
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan-Shan Han
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Yi
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Chun Guo
- The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Qing Zhao
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Material Medical Power and Innovation Drugs Established by Provincial and Ministry, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Ling
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Material Medical Power and Innovation Drugs Established by Provincial and Ministry, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Hong Wang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Material Medical Power and Innovation Drugs Established by Provincial and Ministry, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ye W, Huang Q, Tang T, Qin G. Synergistic effects of piperlongumine and gemcitabine against KRAS mutant lung cancer. TUMORI JOURNAL 2021; 107:119-124. [PMID: 32515291 DOI: 10.1177/0300891620930789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the combined efficacy of piperlongumine and gemcitabine for treatment of KRAS mutant lung cancer. METHODS The cell growth inhibition of piperlongumine, gemcitabine, and piperlongumine plus gemcitabine was measured by Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay and the combination index was calculated. In addition, the combined effects of piperlongumine and gemcitabine on cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents, and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) expression were examined. RESULTS Piperlongumine increased ROS contents and LC3B-II expression. Following the combined treatment with piperlongumine and 10 mM N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), intracellular ROS and cell viability returned to normal levels, and the expression of LC3B-II decreased to the predose level. Gemcitabine also induced cell apoptosis, increased ROS contents, and LC3B-II expression. The combination of piperlongumine with gemcitabine exhibited a synergetic anticancer activity with the combination index <1. The combined application of gemcitabine and piperlongumine yielded synergistic effects on cell apoptosis, but failed to synergistically increase ROS levels and LC3B-II expression. CONCLUSION Combination therapy with piperlongumine and gemcitabine is a promising treatment option for KRAS mutant lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Ye
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingdong Huang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingyu Tang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyue Qin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Malarz K, Zych D, Gawecki R, Kuczak M, Musioł R, Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A. New derivatives of 4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine as promising anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 212:113032. [PMID: 33261897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Terpyridine derivatives are known from their broad application including anticancer properties. In this work we present the newly synthesized 4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine group with high antiproliferative activity. We suggest that these compounds influence cellular redox homeostasis. Cancer cells are particularly susceptible to any changes in the redox balance because of their handicapped and inefficient antioxidant cellular systems. The antiproliferative activity of the studied compounds was tested on five different cell lines that represent several types of tumours; glioblastoma, leukemia, breast, pancreatic and colon. Additionally, we also tested their selectivity towards normal cells. We performed molecular biology studies in order to detect the response of a cell to its treatment with the compounds that were tested. We looked at the in-depth changes in the proteins and cellular pathways that lead to cell cycle inhibition (G0/G1 and S), and consequently, death on the apoptosis and autophagy pathways. We proved that the studied compounds targeted DNA as well. Special attention was paid to the targets connected with ROS generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Malarz
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland.
| | - Dawid Zych
- Wroclaw School of Information Technology, Ks. M. Lutra 4, 54-239, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Robert Gawecki
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland
| | - Michał Kuczak
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland; Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, 40-006, Katowice, Poland
| | - Robert Musioł
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, 40-006, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cao S, Shen WB, Reece EA, Yang P. Deficiency of the oxidative stress-responsive kinase p70S6K1 restores autophagy and ameliorates neural tube defects in diabetic embryopathy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223:753.e1-753.e14. [PMID: 32416155 PMCID: PMC7609618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is highly active in neuroepithelial cells of the developing neuroepithelium, and impairment of autophagy leads to neural tube defects. In this study, we have found that maternal diabetes suppresses autophagy that leads to neural tube defects and consequent cellular imbalance in the endoplasmic reticulum where critical events occur, leading to the induction of diabetic embryopathy. Because the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway suppresses autophagy, we hypothesized that 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (p70S6K1), a major downstream effector of mammalian target of rapamycin, mediates the inhibitory effect of maternal diabetes on autophagy in the developing neuroepithelium. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether p70S6K1 mediates the inhibitory effect of maternal diabetes on autophagy during neurulation. We also examined whether p70S6K1 deficiency restores autophagy and therefore relieves endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibits maternal diabetes-induced apoptosis, which leads to reduction in neural tube defect incidence in diabetic embryopathy. STUDY DESIGN Female p70S6K1 heterogeneous knockout (p70S6K1+/-) mice were bred with male p70S6K1 heterogeneous knockout (p70S6K1+/-) mice to generate wild-type (WT), p70S6K1+/- and p70S6K1 knockout (p70S6K1-/-) embryos. Embryos at embryonic day 8.5 were harvested for the assessment of indices of autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis. Neural tube defect incidence in embryos was determined at embryonic day 10.5. For in vitro studies, small interfering RNA knockdown of p70S6K1 in C17.2 mouse neural stem cells was used to determine the effect of p70S6K1 deficiency on autophagy impairment and endoplasmic reticulum stress under high glucose conditions. RESULTS Knockout of the Rps6kb1 gene, which encodes for p70S6K1, ameliorated maternal diabetes-induced NTDs and restored autophagosome formation in neuroepithelial cells suppressed by maternal diabetes. Maternal diabetes-suppressed conversion of LC3-I (microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3) to LC3-II, an index of autophagic activity, in neurulation stage embryos was abrogated in the absence of p70S6K1. p70S6K1 knockdown in neural stem cells also restored autophagosome formation and the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. The activation of the major unfolded protein response, indicated by phosphorylation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha, and protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α, and the increase of the endoplasmic reticulum stress marker, C/EBP homologous protein, were induced by maternal diabetes in vivo and high glucose in vitro. Unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by maternal diabetes or high glucose were reduced by Rps6kb1 deletion or p70S6K1 knockdown, respectively. Rps6kb1 knockout blocked maternal diabetes-induced caspase cleavage and neuroepithelial cell apoptosis. The superoxide dismutase mimetic Tempol abolished high glucose-induced p70S6K1 activation. CONCLUSION The study revealed the critical involvement of p70S6K1 in the pathogenesis of diabetic embryopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songying Cao
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wei-Bin Shen
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - E Albert Reece
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peixin Yang
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ando T, Ichikawa J, Fujimaki T, Taniguchi N, Takayama Y, Haro H. Gemcitabine and Rapamycin Exhibit Additive Effect against Osteosarcoma by Targeting Autophagy and Apoptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113097. [PMID: 33114161 PMCID: PMC7690839 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall prognosis for sarcoma-based cancer patients has remained largely unchanged over the past 10 years. Because there is no effective anticancer drug for patients with chemoresistant osteosarcoma (OS), novel approaches are needed to improve the prognosis. Here, we investigated whether rapamycin (Rapa) could enhance the anti-tumor effects of gemcitabine (Gem) in OS. Gem dose-dependently killed the OS cells, but exhibited much lower cytotoxicity on osteoblasts. Treatment with a combination Gem and Rapa was much more effective than that of either single agent with respect to reducing cell viability, cell invasion, cell migration, and vascular endothelial growth factor production in vitro. Moreover, the combination of these agents suppressed tumor growth, angiogenesis, and lung metastasis in allograft and xenograft murine models of OS with minimal adverse effects. Overall, the combination therapy prolonged the overall survival of tumor-bearing mice. Mechanistically, Gem induced apoptosis and increased the levels of cleaved caspases, while Rapa induced autophagy and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-I/LC3-II expression both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that chemotherapy using Gem combined with Rapa may be a novel and promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of OS.
Collapse
|
19
|
Bobiński M, Okła K, Łuszczki J, Bednarek W, Wawruszak A, Moreno-Bueno G, Garcia-Sanz P, Dmoszyńska-Graniczka M, Tarkowski R, Kotarski J. Gemcitabine and Selected mTOR Inhibitors in Uterine Sarcomas and Carcinosarcoma Cells- an Isobolographic Analysis. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2987-2997. [PMID: 33173419 PMCID: PMC7646097 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.48187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: mTOR inhibitors are anticancer agents affecting mTOR/AKT/PI3K pathway that is one of the most important in human cancer cells. Hyperactivation of mTOR/AKT/PI3K and overexpression of this pathway members are frequently reported in uterine sarcoma and carcinosarcoma. Present study is aimed to assess the activity of the two mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin - RAP and sapanisertib - MLN) as a single agent and combined with gemcitabine (GEM, one of substances commonly used in systemic anticancer treatment) in uterine sarcoma and carcinosarcoma in vitro models. Material and methods: SK-UT-1 and SK-UT1-B (uterine carcinosarcoma), MES-SA (leiomyosarcoma) and ESS-1 (endometrial stromal sarcoma) cell lines were used. An MTT assay was performed to examine the cytotoxicity of RAP, MLN and mixtures: RAP+MLN, RAP+GEM, MLN+GEM against these cells. The interactions between tested compounds were assessed in isobolographic analysis. Results and conclusions: Carcinosarcoma cell lines (both SK-UT-1 and SK-UT-1B) do not respond to RAP and respond relatively weakly to MLN treatment. Additive and supraadditive effects were noted for combined treatment with GEM and MLN. Endometrial stromal sarcoma cell line (ESS-1) occured to be sensitive to both RAP and MLN, but the response was stronger for MLN. Additive effect of all tested drug combinations was observed for ESS-1. Leiomyosarcoma cell line (MES-SA) was found sensitive to both mTOR inhibitors. Additive effects in combinations of GEM, RAP and MLN were observed, what makes them promising for future preclinical and clinical trials. Additivity with slight tendency towards antagonism between GEM and MLN observed in MES-SA cell line is unexpected finding and might prompt the mechanistic research aimed to explain this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Bobiński
- Medical University of Lublin, I Chair and Department of Gynaecological Oncology and Gynaecology, Poland
| | - Karolina Okła
- Medical University of Lublin, I Chair and Department of Gynaecological Oncology and Gynaecology, Poland
| | - Jarogniew Łuszczki
- Medical University of Lublin, Chair and Department of Pathophisiology, Poland
| | - Wiesława Bednarek
- Medical University of Lublin, I Chair and Department of Gynaecological Oncology and Gynaecology, Poland
| | - Anna Wawruszak
- Medical University of Lublin, Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poland
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- MD Anderson Cancer Centre Madrid, Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Garcia-Sanz
- MD Anderson Cancer Centre Madrid, Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rafał Tarkowski
- Medical University of Lublin, I Chair and Department of Gynaecological Oncology and Gynaecology, Poland
| | - Jan Kotarski
- Medical University of Lublin, I Chair and Department of Gynaecological Oncology and Gynaecology, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Upregulation of Akt/Raptor signaling is associated with rapamycin resistance of breast cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 330:109243. [PMID: 32861747 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
mTOR inhibitors are considered today to be one of the most promising anticancer drugs. Here to study the mechanism of the acquired resistance of MCF-7 breast cancer cells to mTOR inhibitors two different models of the cell resistance were used: rapamycin-resistant MCF-7/Rap subline developed under long-term rapamycin treatment, and metformin-resistant MCF-7/M subline obtained by long-term metformin treatment. We have found that both resistant sublines were characterized by common features: increased expression of mTOR-interacting Raptor protein, increased phosphorylation of Akt, and activation of growth-related transcriptional factor AP-1. Cell response to mTOR inhibitors was partially restored under treatment with PI3K inhibitor wortmannin supporting the direct connection between Akt activation and poor cell response to therapeutic drugs. Transfection of mir-181c, one of the positive regulators of Akt and mTOR, led to an increase in the cell resistance to both mTOR inhibitors, rapamycin and metformin, which correlated with Raptor overexpression and activation of Akt/AP-1 signaling. In general, the effect of Raptor overexpression in the resistant cells, as well as the ability of mir-181c to modulate the Raptor expression, can open novel perspectives in the treatment of rapalogues-resistant cancers, based on the drugs design targeting mir-181c/Raptor axis.
Collapse
|
21
|
El‐Mesery M, Seher A, El‐Shafey M, El‐Dosoky M, Badria FA. Repurposing of quinoline alkaloids identifies their ability to enhance doxorubicin‐induced sub‐G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cervical and hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:832-840. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El‐Mesery
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Axel Seher
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery University Hospital Wuerzburg Wuerzburg Germany
| | - Mohamed El‐Shafey
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Egypt
- Physiological Sciences Department Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El‐Dosoky
- Department of Neuroscience Technology, College of Applied Medical Science in Jubail Imam Abdulalrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid A Badria
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Mansoura University Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Puckett DL, Alquraishi M, Alani D, Chahed S, Donohoe D, Voy B, Whelan J, Bettaieb A. Zyflamend induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells via modulation of the JNK pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:126. [PMID: 32795297 PMCID: PMC7427957 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00609-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current pharmacological therapies and treatments targeting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) have proven ineffective, far too often. Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternative therapeutic approaches. Zyflamend, a combination of anti-inflammatory herbal extracts, that has proven to be effective in various in vitro and in vivo cancer platforms, shows promise. However, its effects on pancreatic cancer, in particular, remain largely unexplored. Methods In the current study, we investigated the effects of Zyflamend on the survival of beta-TC-6 pancreatic insulinoma cells (β-TC6) and conducted a detailed analysis of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results Herein, we demonstrate that Zyflamend treatment decreased cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, concomitant with increased apoptotic cell death and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. At the molecular level, treatment with Zyflamend led to the induction of ER stress, autophagy, and the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. Notably, pharmacological inhibition of JNK abrogated the pro-apoptotic effects of Zyflamend. Furthermore, Zyflamend exacerbated the effects of streptozotocin and adriamycin-induced ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis. Conclusion The current study identifies Zyflamend as a potential novel adjuvant in the treatment of pancreatic cancer via modulation of the JNK pathway. Video abstract
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dexter L Puckett
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA
| | - Mohammed Alquraishi
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA
| | - Dina Alani
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA
| | - Samah Chahed
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA
| | - Dallas Donohoe
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA
| | - Brynn Voy
- Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA.,Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA
| | - Jay Whelan
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA.,Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 Jessie Harris Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA. .,Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang FT, Wang H, Wang QW, Pan MS, Li XP, Sun W, Fan YZ. Inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine enhances the antitumor activity of gemcitabine for gallbladder cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 86:221-232. [PMID: 32654071 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GEM), as an anti-metabolic nucleoside analog, has been shown to have anticancer effects in various tumors, but its chemotherapy resistance is still an important factor leading to poor prognosis of cancer patient. A large number of studies in recent years have shown that autophagy plays an important role in the chemotherapy sensitivity of many tumors, including pancreatic, non-small cell lung, and bladder cancer. However, whether GEM causes autophagy in gallbladder cancer (GBC) and whether it is related to chemotherapy resistance is unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that GEM induced apoptosis and protective autophagy in GBC cells, which may be related to the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and GEM in combination with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine can strengthen the cytotoxic effect of GEM on GBC in vitro and in vivo. These findings showed that both autophagy and AKT/mTOR signals were engaged in GBC cell death evoked by GEM, GBC patients might benefit from this new treatment strategy, and molecular targeted treatment in combination with autophagy inhibitors shows promise as a treatment improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Tao Wang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Putuo Central Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu-Su Pan
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ping Li
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yue-Zu Fan
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fan C, Tang X, Ye M, Zhu G, Dai Y, Yao Z, Yao X. Qi-Li-Qiang-Xin Alleviates Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Injury by Inhibiting Excessive Autophagy via Activating AKT/mTOR Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1329. [PMID: 31780944 PMCID: PMC6861302 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Apoptosis and autophagy are two important patterns of cell death in the process of heart failure. Qi-Li-Qiang-Xin (QLQX), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been frequently used in the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF) in China. However, the potential effect of QLQX on autophagy has not been reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether QLQX alleviated isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial injury through regulating autophagy. Methods: The rapid identification of chemical ingredients of QLQX was performed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, and the contents of major constituents in QLQX were also measured by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. ISO was used to induce myocardial injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and SD rats. In vivo, cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography and cardiac structure was observed by HE and Masson staining. Expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, LC3, P62, AKT, p-AKT, mTOR, and p-mTOR were detected by western blotting. In vitro, H9c2 cells were pretreated with QLQX for 3 h before ISO (80 µM, 48h) addressed. Cell viability, LDH and CK-MB release, apoptosis ratio, and the level of autophagy were measured. Western blotting was also performed to detected related protein expressions. Result: In vivo, treatment by QLQX significantly improved cardiac function and alleviated ISO-induced myocardial structural damage. In addition, QLQX markedly decreased apoptosis and inhibited autophagic activity, accompanied by activating the AKT/mTOR pathway. In vitro, the increased cell apoptosis induced by ISO was paralleling with the gradually increasing level of autophagy. Furthermore, 3-MA, an autophagic inhibitor, could block ISO-induced autophagy in H9c2 cells. Our results suggested that both QLQX and 3-MA treatment could decrease cell death induced by ISO, implying that QLQX protected against ISO-induced myocardial injury possibly by inhibiting excessive autophagy-mediated cell death. In addition, blockage of AKT signaling by an AKT inhibitor, capivasertib, could reduce the effect of QLQX on inhibiting ISO-induced apoptosis and autophagy-mediated cell death. Conclusion: QLQX could alleviate ISO-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting apoptosis and excessive autophagy-mediated cell death via activating the AKT/mTOR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cailian Fan
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiyang Tang
- College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengnan Ye
- College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Research Core Facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Dai
- College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Yao
- College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- College of Pharmacy and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li L, Ng SR, Colón CI, Drapkin BJ, Hsu PP, Li Z, Nabel CS, Lewis CA, Romero R, Mercer KL, Bhutkar A, Phat S, Myers DT, Muzumdar MD, Westcott PMK, Beytagh MC, Farago AF, Vander Heiden MG, Dyson NJ, Jacks T. Identification of DHODH as a therapeutic target in small cell lung cancer. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaaw7852. [PMID: 31694929 PMCID: PMC7401885 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw7852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive lung cancer subtype with extremely poor prognosis. No targetable genetic driver events have been identified, and the treatment landscape for this disease has remained nearly unchanged for over 30 years. Here, we have taken a CRISPR-based screening approach to identify genetic vulnerabilities in SCLC that may serve as potential therapeutic targets. We used a single-guide RNA (sgRNA) library targeting ~5000 genes deemed to encode "druggable" proteins to perform loss-of-function genetic screens in a panel of cell lines derived from autochthonous genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of SCLC, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Cross-cancer analyses allowed us to identify SCLC-selective vulnerabilities. In particular, we observed enhanced sensitivity of SCLC cells toward disruption of the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. Pharmacological inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a key enzyme in this pathway, reduced the viability of SCLC cells in vitro and strongly suppressed SCLC tumor growth in human patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and in an autochthonous mouse model. These results indicate that DHODH inhibition may be an approach to treat SCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Li
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sheng Rong Ng
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Caterina I Colón
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Peggy P Hsu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhaoqi Li
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Christopher S Nabel
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Caroline A Lewis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rodrigo Romero
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kim L Mercer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Arjun Bhutkar
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sarah Phat
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David T Myers
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mandar Deepak Muzumdar
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Peter M K Westcott
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mary Clare Beytagh
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anna F Farago
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas J Dyson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang ZC, Huang FZ, Xu HB, Sun JC, Wang CF. MicroRNA-137 inhibits autophagy and chemosensitizes pancreatic cancer cells by targeting ATG5. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 111:63-71. [PMID: 30710750 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autophagy play an important role in tumor chemotherapy resistance. It has been reported that miR-137 expression was reducedand involved in the regulation of sensitivity of PC cells to chemotherapy. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, we hypothesized that miR-137 might sensitize PC cells to chemotherapy thought regulating cell autophagy. METHODS Cell survival was determined with MTT assay. Apoptotic cells were assessed with flow cytometric analysis. Fluorescence intensity of GFP-LC3 and RFP-GFP-LC3 were examined with immunofluorescence analysis to determine the autophagy and autophagic flux level. Western blotting assay was used to determine protein expression levels of LC3II/LC3I, P62, FUNDC1 and ATG5. mRNA expression level of miR-137 was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate the directly binding of miR-137 with its targets. Xenograft model was setup to evaluate tumor growth. RESULTS The results showed that doxorubicin (Dox) induced autophagy but downregulated the expression level of miR-137 in pancreatic cancer (PC) cells. In turn, overexpression of miR-137 enhanced the effect of Dox on decreasing cell survival, inducing cell apoptosis and inhibiting autophagy rather than influencing autophagic flux in PC cells. Further mechanistic study identified that ATG5 was a direct target of miR-137. Moreover, overexpression of ATG5 dramatically reversed the promotion of apoptosis and inhibition of autophagy mediated by higher expression level of miR-137. We also demonstrated that miR-137 sensitized PANC-1 cells to Dox through inhibiting ATG5 and autophagy in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated for the first time that miR-137 was able to promote sensitivity of PC cells to chemotherapy via inhibition of autophagy mediated by ATG5. Therefore, miR-137 may act as a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China
| | - Fei-Zhou Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China
| | - Hong-Bo Xu
- Department of Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Ji-Chun Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China
| | - Chang-Fa Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
ISSUE HIGHLIGHTS. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
28
|
Wang Y, Liu LL, Tian Y, Chen Y, Zha WH, Li Y, Wu FJ. Upregulation of DAPK2 ameliorates oxidative damage and apoptosis of placental cells in hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy by suppressing human placental microvascular endothelial cell autophagy through the mTOR signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 121:488-497. [PMID: 30243997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Death-associated protein kinase 2 (DAPK2) has indicated functional roles in cellular processes, including survival, apoptosis, and autophagy. This study is aimed to identify the effect of DAPK2 on oxidative damage and apoptosis of placental cells in hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP) through mTOR pathway. Microarray-based gene expression analysis was performed to predict the differentially expressed genes related to HDCP. To investigate the specific mechanism of DAPK2 in HDCP cells, placental microvascular endothelial cells were treated with mimic or siRNA of DAPK2 and mTOR to detect the expression of related genes, cell autophagy and apoptosis and oxidative damage. Finally, rats were modeled with HDCP to verify the cell experiment results. DAPK2 was downregulated in HDCP, and could activate mTOR. Besides, DAPK2 overexpression led to decreases in autophagy in HPVECs as well as apoptosis and oxidative damage in placental cells indicated by a substantial decrease in Beclin-1, LC3 II/LC3 I and Bax along with an increase in Bcl-2, 4EBP1 and p70S6K. It also ameliorates blood pressure elevation in HDCP rats. The study defined remission effect of DAPK2 on placental cell oxidative damage and apoptosis in HDCP via mTOR activation. Together, DAPK2 regulating mTOR pathway presents a promising therapy for HDCP treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Lian-Lian Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Wen-Hui Zha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Fu-Ju Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|