1
|
Bahmanpour A, Ghoreishian SM, Sepahvandi A. Electromagnetic Modulation of Cell Behavior: Unraveling the Positive Impacts in a Comprehensive Review. Ann Biomed Eng 2024:10.1007/s10439-024-03519-8. [PMID: 38652384 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
There are numerous effective procedures for cell signaling, in which humans directly transmit detectable signals to cells to govern their essential behaviors. From a biomedical perspective, the cellular response to the combined influence of electrical and magnetic fields holds significant promise in various domains, such as cancer treatment, targeted drug delivery, gene therapy, and wound healing. Among these modern cell signaling methods, electromagnetic fields (EMFs) play a pivotal role; however, there remains a paucity of knowledge concerning the effects of EMFs across all wavelengths. It's worth noting that most wavelengths are incompatible with human cells, and as such, this study excludes them from consideration. In this review, we aim to comprehensively explore the most effective and current EMFs, along with their therapeutic impacts on various cell types. Specifically, we delve into the influence of alternating electromagnetic fields (AEMFs) on diverse cell behaviors, encompassing proliferation, differentiation, biomineralization, cell death, and cell migration. Our findings underscore the substantial potential of these pivotal cellular behaviors in advancing the treatment of numerous diseases. Moreover, AEMFs wield a significant role in the realms of biomaterials and tissue engineering, given their capacity to decisively influence biomaterials, facilitate non-invasive procedures, ensure biocompatibility, and exhibit substantial efficacy. It is worth mentioning that AEMFs often serve as a last-resort treatment option for various diseases. Much about electromagnetic fields remains a mystery to the scientific community, and we have yet to unravel the precise mechanisms through which wavelengths control cellular fate. Consequently, our understanding and knowledge in this domain predominantly stem from repeated experiments yielding similar effects. In the ensuing sections of this article, we delve deeper into our extended experiments and research.
Collapse
|
2
|
Su DB, Zhao ZX, Yin DC, Ye YJ. Promising application of pulsed electromagnetic fields on tissue repair and regeneration. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 187:36-50. [PMID: 38280492 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Tissue repair and regeneration is a vital biological process in organisms, which is influenced by various internal mechanisms and microenvironments. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are becoming a potential medical technology due to its advantages of effectiveness and non-invasiveness. Numerous studies have demonstrated that PEMFs can stimulate stem cell proliferation and differentiation, regulate inflammatory reactions, accelerate wound healing, which is of great significance for tissue regeneration and repair, providing a solid basis for enlarging its clinical application. However, some important issues such as optimal parameter system and potential deep mechanisms remain to be resolved due to PEMFs window effect and biological complexity. Thus, it is of great importance to comprehensively summarizing and analyzing the literature related to the biological effects of PEMFs in tissue regeneration and repair. This review expounded the biological effects of PEMFs on stem cells, inflammation response, wound healing and musculoskeletal disorders in order to improve the application value of PEMFs in medicine. It is believed that with the continuous exploration of biological effects of PEMFs, it will be applied increasingly widely to tissue repair and other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Bo Su
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Zi-Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Da-Chuan Yin
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Ya-Jing Ye
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu X, Su Y, Xu J, Cheng YY, Liu T, Li X, Ma X, Chen Z, Song K. Electromagnetic field-mediated chitosan/gelatin/nano-hydroxyapatite and bone-derived scaffolds regulate the osteoblastic and chondrogenic phenotypes of adipose-derived stem cells to construct osteochondral tissue engineering niche in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128829. [PMID: 38128807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
It is critical to explore the effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) on the construction of functional osteochondral tissue, which has shown certain clinical significance for the treatment of osteochondral injury. At present, there are few studies on the effect of the direction of EMF on cells. This study aimed to investigate the effects of EMF coupling on different parameters to control adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) proliferation and specific chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation at 2D level and 3D level. The proliferation and differentiation of EMF-induced ADSCs are jointly regulated by EMF and space structure. In this study, Cs7/Gel3/nHAP scaffolds were prepared with good degradation rate (86.75 ± 4.96 %) and absorb water (1100 %), and the pore size was 195.63 ± 54.72 μm. The bone-derived scaffold with a pore size of 267.17 ± 129.18 μm was obtained and its main component was hydroxyapatite. Cs7/Gel3/nHAP scaffolds and bone-derived scaffolds are suitable as 3D level materials. The optimal EMF intensity was 2 mT for chondrogenic differentiation and proliferation and 1 mT for osteogenic differentiation and proliferation. It is noteworthy that EMF has a negative correlation with ADSCs proliferation in the vertical direction at 2D level, while it has a positive correlation with ADSCs proliferation at 3D level. EMF mediated 3D osteochondral scaffold provide good strategy for osteochondral tissue engineering construction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ya Su
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuen Yee Cheng
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Tianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiangqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Zhen Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Kedong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou Z, Zheng J, Meng X, Wang F. Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Articular Cartilage Regeneration with a Focus on Piezoelectric Biomaterials for Articular Cartilage Tissue Repair and Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031836. [PMID: 36768157 PMCID: PMC9915254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that chondrocytes within articular cartilage are affected by endogenous force-related electrical potentials. Furthermore, electrical stimulation (ES) promotes the proliferation of chondrocytes and the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, which accelerate the healing of cartilage defects. These findings suggest the potential application of ES in cartilage repair. In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis of articular cartilage injuries and the current clinical strategies for the treatment of articular cartilage injuries. We then focus on the application of ES in the repair of articular cartilage in vivo. The ES-induced chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and its potential regulatory mechanism are discussed in detail. In addition, we discuss the potential of applying piezoelectric materials in the process of constructing engineering articular cartilage, highlighting the important advances in the unique field of tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jingtong Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaoting Meng
- Department of Histology & Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: (X.M.); (F.W.); Tel.: +86-0431-8561-9486 (X.M. & F.W.)
| | - Fang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: (X.M.); (F.W.); Tel.: +86-0431-8561-9486 (X.M. & F.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xiao Y, Shen Q, Li W, Zhang Y, Yin K, Xu Y. 280 mT static magnetic field promotes the growth of postpartum condylar cartilage. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 64:248-261. [PMID: 36469671 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2148527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Functional appliances made of permanent magnets have been used in jaw orthopedic treatment. However, whether the static magnetic field (SMF) generated by permanent magnets promotes the developmental sequence of condylar cartilage and thus promotes the growth of the mandible remains to be studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 280 mT SMF on postnatal condylar chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification and the roles of FLRT3, FGF2 and BMP2 signaling in this chondrodevelopmental sequences. METHODS Forty-eight rats were assigned to two groups (control and SMF). The condyles were collected at the specified time points. The histomorphological changes in the condyle were observed by histological staining. The expression of proteins related to the proliferation and differentiation of the condylar cartilage and the changes in subchondral bone microstructure were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and micro-CT scanning. FLRT3, FGF2, and BMP2 expression was detected by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Under SMF stimulation, the cartilage of young rats grew longitudinally and laterally, and the thickness of the cartilage became thinner as it grew. The SMF promoted the proliferation and differentiation of condylar chondrocytes and endochondral ossification and increased subchondral bone mineral density, and BMP2 signaling was involved. Moreover, under SMF loading, the increased expression of FGF2 and FLRT3 were involved in regulating cartilage morphogenesis and growth. In late development, the decreased expression of FGF2/FLRT3 and the increased expression of BMP2 promoted endochondral ossification. The SMF accelerated this opposite expression trend. CONCLUSION FGF2/FLRT3 and BMP2 signals are involved in the regulatory effect of SMF exposure on chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification, which provides a theoretical basis for the clinical use of magnetic appliances to promote condylar growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Xiao
- Department of Orthodontics, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, China.,Department of Stomatology, Hubei NO. 3 People's Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Qinhao Shen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China.,Department of the first dental clinic, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Weihao Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Kang Yin
- Department of Orthodontics, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Yanhua Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Safavi AS, Sendera A, Haghighipour N, Banas-Zabczyk A. The Role of Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation: A Systematic Review. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:1147-1160. [PMID: 36042129 PMCID: PMC9679119 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) influence biological processes. This present study was aimed at the scientific literature on the use of EMFs in the mesenchymal stem cell differentiation process. MATERIALS AND METHODS The electronic search was carried out in PubMed and Web of Science, a database with a combination of the sinusoidal and pulsed low- and extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields stimulation and mesenchymal stem cells differentiation, considering the period of publication until December 2021. The literature search identified 118 references in PubMed and Web of Science of which 46 articles were selected, respectively, according to the eligibility requirements. CONCLUSION The analysis of research indicated that EMFs are an easy-to-apply and practical way in cell therapy and tissue engineering when regulation of stem cells is required. Studies have shown that EMFs have positive effects on stem cell differentiation, accelerating its process regardless of the parameters and type of stem cells. However, the exact amplitude, frequency, duration of the electrical field, and application method remain elusive and need more study in future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atiyeh Sadat Safavi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Anna Sendera
- Department of Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszow, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Banas-Zabczyk
- Department of Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Y, Li L, Li Y, Feng L, Wang B, Wang M, Wang H, Zhu M, Yang Y, Waldorff EI, Zhang N, Viohl I, Lin S, Bian L, Lee WYW, Li G. Enhancing cartilage repair with optimized supramolecular hydrogel-based scaffold and pulsed electromagnetic field. Bioact Mater 2022; 22:312-324. [PMID: 36263100 PMCID: PMC9576572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional tissue engineering strategies provide innovative approach for the repair and regeneration of damaged cartilage. Hydrogel is widely used because it could provide rapid defect filling and proper structure support, and is biocompatible for cell aggregation and matrix deposition. Efforts have been made to seek suitable scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Here Alg-DA/Ac-β-CD/gelatin hydrogel was designed with the features of physical and chemical multiple crosslinking and self-healing properties. Gelation time, swelling ratio, biodegradability and biocompatibility of the hydrogels were systematically characterized, and the injectable self-healing adhesive hydrogel were demonstrated to exhibit ideal properties for cartilage repair. Furthermore, the new hydrogel design introduces a pre-gel state before photo-crosslinking, where increased viscosity and decreased fluidity allow the gel to remain in a semi-solid condition. This granted multiple administration routes to the hydrogels, which brings hydrogels the ability to adapt to complex clinical situations. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) have been recognized as a promising solution to various health problems owing to their noninvasive properties and therapeutic potentials. PEMF treatment offers a better clinical outcome with fewer, if any, side effects, and wildly used in musculoskeletal tissue repair. Thereby we propose PEMF as an effective biophysical stimulation to be 4th key element in cartilage tissue engineering. In this study, the as-prepared Alg-DA/Ac-β-CD/gelatin hydrogels were utilized in the rat osteochondral defect model, and the potential application of PEMF in cartilage tissue engineering were investigated. PEMF treatment were proven to enhance the quality of engineered chondrogenic constructs in vitro, and facilitate chondrogenesis and cartilage repair in vivo. All of the results suggested that with the injectable self-healing adhesive hydrogel and PEMF treatment, this newly proposed tissue engineering strategy revealed superior clinical potential for cartilage defect treatment. The supramolecular Alg-DA/Ac-β-CD/gelatin hydrogel with physical and chemical multiple crosslinking was fabricated. The multi-crosslinked structure of the hydrogels endows strong injection, adhesion abilities and mechanical performance. A pre-gel state of the hydrogel grants it more administration routes and ability to adapt to complex clinical scenarios. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) serves as the 4th element in mesenchymal stem cell-based cartilage tissue engineering. Bioinformatics analysis reveal that PEMF regulates chondrogenesis and cell hypertrophy via ERK and p38 MAPK pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Linlong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Bin Wang
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Haixing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Meiling Zhu
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yongkang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Erik I. Waldorff
- Research & Clinical Affairs, Orthofix Medical Inc., Lewisville, TX, USA
| | - Nianli Zhang
- Research & Clinical Affairs, Orthofix Medical Inc., Lewisville, TX, USA
| | - Ingmar Viohl
- Research & Clinical Affairs, Orthofix Medical Inc., Lewisville, TX, USA
| | - Sien Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Liming Bian
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wayne Yuk-Wai Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dittmann KH, Mayer C, Stephan H, Mieth C, Bonin M, Lechmann B, Rodemann HP. Exposure of primary osteoblasts to combined magnetic and electric fields induced spatiotemporal endochondral ossification characteristic gene- and protein expression profiles. J Exp Orthop 2022; 9:39. [PMID: 35499653 PMCID: PMC9061914 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-022-00477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Molecular processes in primary osteoblasts were analyzed in response to magnetic and electric field exposure to examine its potential impact on bone healing. Methods Primary osteoblasts were exposed to a combination of a magnetic field and an additional electric field (EFMF) (20 Hz, 700 mV, 5 mT, continuous sinusoids) in vitro. mRNA- and protein-expressions were assessed during a time interval of 21 days and compared with expression data obtained from control osteoblasts. Results We observed an autonomous osteoblast differentiation process in vitro under the chosen cultivation conditions. The initial proliferative phase was characterized by a constitutively high mRNA expression of extracellular matrix proteins. Concurrent EFMF exposure resulted in significanly increased cell proliferation (fold change: 1.25) and reduced mRNA-expressions of matrix components (0.5–0.75). The following reorganization of the extracellular matrix is prerequisite for matrix mineralization and is characterised by increased Ca2+ deposition (1.44). On molecular level EFMF exposure led to a significant decreased thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) mRNA- (0.81) and protein- (0.54) expression, which in turn reduced the TGFß1-dependent mRNA- (0.68) and protein- (0.5) expression of transforming growth factor beta induced (ßIG-H3) significantly, an inhibitor of endochondral ossification. Consequently, EFMF exposure stimulated the expression of genes characteristic for endochondral ossification, such as collagen type 10, A1 (1.50), osteopontin (1.50) and acellular communication network factor 3 (NOV) (1.45). Conclusions In vitro exposure of osteoblasts to EFMF supports cell differentiation and induces gene- and protein-expression patterns characteristic for endochondral ossification during bone fracture healing in vivo. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40634-022-00477-9.
Collapse
|
9
|
Haroutunian GG, Tsaghikian A, Fedorova E, Chaurasia P, Gusella GL, Mosoian A. Electromagnetic Fields Generated by the IteraCoil Device Differentiate Mesenchymal Stem Progenitor Cells Into the Osteogenic Lineage. Bioelectromagnetics 2022; 43:245-256. [PMID: 35391494 PMCID: PMC9325380 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rapid advances in mesenchymal stem progenitor cells (MSPCs) have rendered impetus into the area of cell therapy and regenerative medicine. The main promise of future stem cell therapies is their reliance on autologous stem cells derived from adipose tissue, which also includes treatments of bone fractures and degeneration. The effectiveness of different electric devices utilized to reprogram MSPCs toward osteogenic differentiation has provided varying degrees of effectiveness for clinical use. Adipose tissue-derived MSPCs were flow-cytometrically characterized and further differentiated into osteoblasts by culturing either in growth medium with pro-osteogenic supplements or without supplements with alternating electromagnetic field (EMF) generated by IteraCoil. IteraCoil is a multi-solenoid coil with a specific complex geometry that creates a 3D-EMF with desired parameters without directly applying electrodes to the cells and tissues. The flow-cytometric analysis of highly enriched (≥95%) adipose-derived MSPCs (CD34- , CD73+ , CD90+ , and CD105+ ) was utilized for the study. Osteoblasts and chondrocyte differentiations were then assessed by specific staining and quantified using ImageJ (National Institutes of Health). The osteoblastic differentiation of MSPCs cultured in regular medium and exposed to EMF at 0.05 and 1 kHz frequencies was compared with MSPCs cultured in a pro-osteogenic supplemented medium. In this study, we demonstrated that EMF from IteraCoil might have affected the signaling pathways that induce the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived MSPCs in the absence of exogenous osteogenic factors. Therefore, EMF-generated osteogenic differentiation of reprogrammed adipose-derived autologous MSPCs may treat the loss of osteoblasts and osteoporosis and open new avenues for the development of regenerative cellular therapy. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashot Tsaghikian
- Data Processing and Field Engineering Corp., Glendale, California
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hung CT, Racine-Avila J, Pellicore MJ, Aaron R. Biophysical Modulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation in the Context of Skeletal Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073919. [PMID: 35409277 PMCID: PMC8998876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A prominent feature of the skeleton is its ability to remodel in response to biophysical stimuli and to repair under varied biophysical conditions. This allows the skeleton considerable adaptation to meet its physiological roles of stability and movement. Skeletal cells and their mesenchymal precursors exist in a native environment rich with biophysical signals, and they sense and respond to those signals to meet organismal demands of the skeleton. While mechanical strain is the most recognized of the skeletal biophysical stimuli, signaling phenomena also include fluid flow, hydrostatic pressure, shear stress, and ion-movement-related electrokinetic phenomena including, prominently, streaming potentials. Because of the complex interactions of these electromechanical signals, it is difficult to isolate the significance of each. The application of external electrical and electromagnetic fields allows an exploration of the effects of these stimuli on cell differentiation and extra-cellular matrix formation in the absence of mechanical strain. This review takes a distinctly translational approach to mechanistic and preclinical studies of differentiation and skeletal lineage commitment of mesenchymal cells under biophysical stimulation. In vitro studies facilitate the examination of isolated cellular responses while in vivo studies permit the observation of cell differentiation and extracellular matrix synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clark T. Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (C.T.H.); (M.J.P.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jennifer Racine-Avila
- Department of Orthopedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA;
| | - Matthew J. Pellicore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (C.T.H.); (M.J.P.)
| | - Roy Aaron
- Department of Orthopedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-401-274-9660
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Filippi M, Garello F, Yasa O, Kasamkattil J, Scherberich A, Katzschmann RK. Engineered Magnetic Nanocomposites to Modulate Cellular Function. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104079. [PMID: 34741417 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have various applications in biomedicine, including imaging, drug delivery and release, genetic modification, cell guidance, and patterning. By combining MNPs with polymers, magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) with diverse morphologies (core-shell particles, matrix-dispersed particles, microspheres, etc.) can be generated. These MNCs retain the ability of MNPs to be controlled remotely using external magnetic fields. While the effects of these biomaterials on the cell biology are still poorly understood, such information can help the biophysical modulation of various cellular functions, including proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation. After recalling the basic properties of MNPs and polymers, and describing their coassembly into nanocomposites, this review focuses on how polymeric MNCs can be used in several ways to affect cell behavior. A special emphasis is given to 3D cell culture models and transplantable grafts, which are used for regenerative medicine, underlining the impact of MNCs in regulating stem cell differentiation and engineering living tissues. Recent advances in the use of MNCs for tissue regeneration are critically discussed, particularly with regard to their prospective involvement in human therapy and in the construction of advanced functional materials such as magnetically operated biomedical robots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Filippi
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Garello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Oncay Yasa
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Jesil Kasamkattil
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Scherberich
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, Allschwil, 4123, Switzerland
| | - Robert K Katzschmann
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hamid HA, Sarmadi VH, Prasad V, Ramasamy R, Miskon A. Electromagnetic field exposure as a plausible approach to enhance the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in clinically relevant scenarios. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:42-57. [PMID: 35029087 PMCID: PMC8758935 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy has been regarded as one of the most revolutionary breakthroughs in the history of modern medicine owing to its myriad of immunoregulatory and regenerative properties. With the rapid progress in the fields of osteo- and musculoskeletal therapies, the demand for MSC-based treatment modalities is becoming increasingly prominent. In this endeavor, researchers around the world have devised new and innovative techniques to support the proliferation of MSCs while minimizing the loss of hallmark features of stem cells. One such example is electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure, which is an alternative approach with promising potential. In this review, we present a critical discourse on the efficiency, practicability, and limitations of some of the relevant methods, with insurmountable evidence backing the implementation of EMF as a feasible strategy for the clinically relevant expansion of MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haslinda Abdul Hamid
- Bio-artificial Organ and Regenerative Medicine Unit, National Defense University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Vahid Hosseinpour Sarmadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 144961 4535, Iran.,Institutes of Regenerative Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 199671 4353, Iran
| | - Vivek Prasad
- Stem Cell and Immunity Research Group, Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Rajesh Ramasamy
- Stem Cell and Immunity Research Group, Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Azizi Miskon
- Bio-artificial Organ and Regenerative Medicine Unit, National Defense University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kong Y, Duan J, Liu F, Han L, Li G, Sun C, Sang Y, Wang S, Yi F, Liu H. Regulation of stem cell fate using nanostructure-mediated physical signals. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12828-12872. [PMID: 34661592 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00572c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the major issues in tissue engineering is regulation of stem cell differentiation toward specific lineages. Unlike biological and chemical signals, physical signals with adjustable properties can be applied to stem cells in a timely and localized manner, thus making them a hot topic for research in the fields of biomaterials, tissue engineering, and cell biology. According to the signals sensed by cells, physical signals used for regulating stem cell fate can be classified into six categories: mechanical, light, thermal, electrical, acoustic, and magnetic. In most cases, external macroscopic physical fields cannot be used to modulate stem cell fate, as only the localized physical signals accepted by the surface receptors can regulate stem cell differentiation via nanoscale fibrin polysaccharide fibers. However, surface receptors related to certain kinds of physical signals are still unknown. Recently, significant progress has been made in the development of functional materials for energy conversion. Consequently, localized physical fields can be produced by absorbing energy from an external physical field and subsequently releasing another type of localized energy through functional nanostructures. Based on the above concepts, we propose a methodology that can be utilized for stem cell engineering and for the regulation of stem cell fate via nanostructure-mediated physical signals. In this review, the combined effect of various approaches and mechanisms of physical signals provides a perspective on stem cell fate promotion by nanostructure-mediated physical signals. We expect that this review will aid the development of remote-controlled and wireless platforms to physically guide stem cell differentiation both in vitro and in vivo, using optimized stimulation parameters and mechanistic investigations while driving the progress of research in the fields of materials science, cell biology, and clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Jiazhi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266200, China.
| | - Gang Li
- Neurological Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chunhui Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Yuanhua Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Shuhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Fan Yi
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Scarano A, Sbarbati A, Amore R, Iorio EL, Ferraro G, Lorusso F, Amuso D. A New Treatment for Stretch Marks and Skin Ptosis with Electromagnetic Fields and Negative Pressure: A Clinical and Histological Study. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2021; 14:222-228. [PMID: 34566367 PMCID: PMC8423202 DOI: 10.4103/jcas.jcas_122_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stretch marks (SM) are nowadays the most common aesthetic pathology of the body; in the XX century, it mainly affected pregnant women, while today it also affects teenagers during puberty, boys and girls without distinction. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible variations in the histological structure of the skin—in terms of quality/quantity of the extracellular matrix and of the collagen and elastic fibers—following the electromagnetic fields and negative pressure (V-EMF) treatment as regards hypotonia and SMs. Materials and Methods: For the current study, 60 women, aged between 25 and 45, were examined. All of them presented deep, white or pearly white colored SMs having had them for between 12 and 25 years. These were documented, asking patients their level of satisfaction, through pictures and biopsies. All patients underwent a cycle of 6 or 8 weekly sessions; everyone was highly satisfied with the results obtained. Results: Biopsies proved that the tissue was reorganized and restored to the original volume, characterized by the production of new, high-quality collagen and elastin molecules, by the reorganization of the basement membrane and by the correct positioning of the melanocytes. No side effects were observed during the treatments. This synergy stands as the most suitable treatment of striae rubra and alba. Conclusion: V-EMF enhances the keratinocyte migration base, melanocytes, and promotes neoangiogenesis with the result of improvement in the SM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Scarano
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Sbarbati
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Eugenio L Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Lorusso
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University "G.D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Domenico Amuso
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li K, Fan L, Lin J, Heng BC, Deng Z, Zheng Q, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Ge Z. Nanosecond pulsed electric fields prime mesenchymal stem cells to peptide ghrelin and enhance chondrogenesis and osteochondral defect repair in vivo. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:927-939. [PMID: 34586575 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are important cell sources in cartilage tissue development and homeostasis, and multiple strategies have been developed to improve MSCs chondrogenic differentiation with an aim of promoting cartilage regeneration. Here we report the effects of combining nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) followed by treatment with ghrelin (a hormone that stimulates release of growth hormone) to regulate chondrogenesis of MSCs. nsPEFs and ghrelin were observed to separately enhance the chondrogenesis of MSCs, and the effects were significantly enhanced when the bioelectric stimulation and hormone were combined, which in turn improved osteochondral tissue repair of these cells within Sprague Dawley rats. We further found that nsPEFs can prime MSCs to be more receptive to subsequent stimuli of differentiation by upregulated Oct4/Nanog and activated JNK signaling pathway. Ghrelin initiated chondrogenic differentiation by activation of ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and RNA-seq results indicated 243 genes were regulated, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway was involved. Interestingly, the sequential order of applying these two stimuli is critical, with nsPEFs pretreatment followed by ghrelin enhanced chondrogenesis of MSCs in vitro and subsequent cartilage regeneration in vivo, but not vice versa. This synergistic prochondrogenic effects provide us new insights and strategies for future cell-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Litong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianjing Lin
- Arthritis Clinical and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.,Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhantao Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiujian Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jue Zhang
- Institute of Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yangzi Jiang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
| | - Zigang Ge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chondrogenic Potential of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Cultured as Microtissues. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:7843798. [PMID: 34539791 PMCID: PMC8443354 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7843798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several tissue engineering stem cell-based procedures improve hyaline cartilage repair. In this work, the chondrogenic potential of dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) organoids or microtissues was studied. After several weeks of culture in proliferation or chondrogenic differentiation media, synthesis of aggrecan and type II and I collagen was immunodetected, and SOX9, ACAN, COL2A1, and COL1A1 gene expression was analysed by real-time RT-PCR. Whereas microtissues cultured in proliferation medium showed the synthesis of aggrecan and type II and I collagen at the 6th week of culture, samples cultured in chondrogenic differentiation medium showed an earlier and important increase in the synthesis of these macromolecules after 4 weeks. Gene expression analysis showed a significant increase of COL2A1 after 3 days of culture in chondrogenic differentiation medium, while COL1A1 was highly expressed after 14 days. Cell-cell proximity promotes the chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs and important synthesis of hyaline chondral macromolecules.
Collapse
|
17
|
DNMT1 and miRNAs: possible epigenetics footprints in electromagnetic fields utilization in oncology. Med Oncol 2021; 38:125. [PMID: 34495398 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01574-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Many studies were performed to unravel the effects of different types of Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on biological systems. Some studies were conducted to exploit EMFs for medical purposes mainly in cancer therapy. Although many studies suggest that the EMFs exposures can be effective in pre-clinical cancer issues, the treatment outcomes of these exposures on the cancer cells, especially at the molecular level, are challenging and overwhelmingly complicated yet. This article aims to review the epigenetic mechanisms that can be altered by EMFs exposures with the main emphasis on Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF). The epigenetic mechanisms are reversible and affected by environmental factors, thus, EMFs exposures can modulate these mechanisms. According to the reports, ELF-EMF exposures affect epigenetic machinery directly or through the molecular signaling pathways. ELF-EMF in association with DNA methylation, histone modification, miRNAs, and nucleosome remodeling could affect the homeostasis of cancer cells and play a role in DNA damage repairing, apoptosis induction, prevention of metastasis, differentiation, and cell cycle regulation. In general, the result of this study shows that ELF-EMF exposure probably can be effective in cancer epigenetic therapy, but more molecular and clinical investigations are needed to clarify the safe and specific dosimetric characteristics of ELF-EMF in practice.
Collapse
|
18
|
Dutta SD, Bin J, Ganguly K, Patel DK, Lim KT. Electromagnetic field-assisted cell-laden 3D printed poloxamer-407 hydrogel for enhanced osteogenesis. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20342-20354. [PMID: 35479929 PMCID: PMC9033958 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01143j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
3D bioprinted hydrogel has gained enormous attention, especially in tissue engineering, owing to its attractive structure and excellent biocompatibility. In this study, we demonstrated that 3D bioprinted cell-laden 'thermoresponsive' poloxamer-407 (P407) gels have the potential to stimulate osteogenic differentiation of apical papilla stem cells (SCAPs) under the influence of low voltage-frequency (5 V-1 Hz, 0.62 mT) electromagnetic fields (EMFs). SCAPs were initially used for cell-laden 3D printing to biomimic the apical papilla of human teeth. The developed hydrogel exhibited higher mechanical strength as well as good printability, showing high-quality micro-architecture. Moreover, the as-printed hydrogels (5 mm × 5 mm) were loaded with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) for testing the combined effect of PAI-1 and EMFs on SCAP differentiation. Interestingly, the 3D hydrogels showed improved viability and differentiation of SCAPs under EMFs' influence as examined by live/dead assay and alizarin Red-S staining, respectively. Therefore, our results confirmed that P407 hydrogels are non-toxic for encapsulation of SCAPs, yielding high cell viability and accelerate the cell migration potential. The 3D hydrogels with PAI-1 exhibited high mRNA expression levels for osteogenic/odontogenic gene markers (ALP, Col-1, DSPP, and DMP-1) vis-à-vis control after 14 days of in vitro culture. Our findings suggest that 3D bioprinted P407 hydrogels are biocompatible for SCAP encapsulation, and the applied low voltage-frequency EMFs could effectively improve dental tissue regeneration, particularly for oral applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University Chuncheon-24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Bin
- School of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University Yanji-136200 Beijing China
| | - Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University Chuncheon-24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh K Patel
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University Chuncheon-24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University Chuncheon-24341 Republic of Korea
- Biomechagen Co., Ltd Chuncheon-24341 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Recent Developed Strategies for Enhancing Chondrogenic Differentiation of MSC: Impact on MSC-Based Therapy for Cartilage Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8830834. [PMID: 33824665 PMCID: PMC8007380 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8830834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is susceptible to damage, but its self-repair is hindered by its avascular nature. Traditional treatment methods are not able to achieve satisfactory repair effects, and the development of tissue engineering techniques has shed new light on cartilage regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most commonly used seed cells in cartilage tissue engineering. However, MSCs tend to lose their multipotency, and the composition and structure of cartilage-like tissues formed by MSCs are far from those of native cartilage. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop strategies that promote MSC chondrogenic differentiation to give rise to durable and phenotypically correct regenerated cartilage. This review provides an overview of recent advances in enhancement strategies for MSC chondrogenic differentiation, including optimization of bioactive factors, culture conditions, cell type selection, coculture, gene editing, scaffolds, and physical stimulation. This review will aid the further understanding of the MSC chondrogenic differentiation process and enable improvement of MSC-based cartilage tissue engineering.
Collapse
|
20
|
Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Stimulation in Osteogenesis and Chondrogenesis: Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020809. [PMID: 33467447 PMCID: PMC7830993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the main cell players in tissue repair and thanks to their self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation capabilities, they gained significant attention as cell source for tissue engineering (TE) approaches aimed at restoring bone and cartilage defects. Despite significant progress, their therapeutic application remains debated: the TE construct often fails to completely restore the biomechanical properties of the native tissue, leading to poor clinical outcomes in the long term. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are currently used as a safe and non-invasive treatment to enhance bone healing and to provide joint protection. PEMFs enhance both osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. Here, we provide extensive review of the signaling pathways modulated by PEMFs during MSCs osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Particular attention has been given to the PEMF-mediated activation of the adenosine signaling and their regulation of the inflammatory response as key player in TE approaches. Overall, the application of PEMFs in tissue repair is foreseen: (1) in vitro: to improve the functional and mechanical properties of the engineered construct; (2) in vivo: (i) to favor graft integration, (ii) to control the local inflammatory response, and (iii) to foster tissue repair from both implanted and resident MSCs cells.
Collapse
|
21
|
Celik C, Franco-Obregón A, Lee EH, Hui JH, Yang Z. Directionalities of magnetic fields and topographic scaffolds synergise to enhance MSC chondrogenesis. Acta Biomater 2021; 119:169-183. [PMID: 33130304 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis is modulated by diverse biophysical cues. We have previously shown that brief, low-amplitude pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) differentially enhance MSC chondrogenesis in scaffold-free pellet cultures versus conventional tissue culture plastic (TCP), indicating an interplay between magnetism and micromechanical environment. Here, we examined the influence of PEMF directionality over the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs laden on electrospun fibrous scaffolds of either random (RND) or aligned (ALN) orientations. Correlating MSCs' chondrogenic outcome to pFAK activation and YAP localisation, MSCs on the RND scaffolds experienced the least amount of resting mechanical stress and underwent greatest chondrogenic differentiation in response to brief PEMF exposure (10 min at 1 mT) perpendicular to the dominant plane of the scaffolds (Z-directed). By contrast, in MSC-impregnated RND scaffolds, greatest mitochondrial respiration resulted from X-directed PEMF exposure (parallel to the scaffold plane), and was associated with curtailed chondrogenesis. MSCs on TCP or the ALN scaffolds exhibited greater resting mechanical stress and accordingly, were unresponsive, or negatively responsive, to PEMF exposure from all directions. The efficacy of PEMF-induced MSC chondrogenesis is hence regulated in a multifaceted manner involving focal adhesion dynamics, as well as mitochondrial responses, culminating in a final cellular response. The combined contributions of micromechanical environment and magnetic field orientation hence will need to be considered when designing magnetic exposure paradigms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cenk Celik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Alfredo Franco-Obregón
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228; BioIonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory, BICEPS, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599; Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, iHealthtech, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, #04-01, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117593.
| | - Eng Hin Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228; Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, #04-01, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510
| | - James Hp Hui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228; Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, #04-01, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228; Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, #04-01, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Vinod E, Kachroo U, Rebekah G, Thomas S, Ramasamy B. In vitro chondrogenic differentiation of human articular cartilage derived chondroprogenitors using pulsed electromagnetic field. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2020; 14:22-28. [PMID: 33717892 PMCID: PMC7920151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to grow new cartilage remains the standard goal of any treatment strategy directed at cartilage repair. Chondroprogenitors have garnered interest due to their applicability in cell therapy. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) favors chondrogenesis by possible upregulation of genes belonging to TGFβ superfamily. Since TGFβ is implicated in chondrogenic signalling, the aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of PEMF to induce chondrogenesis via endogenous TGFβ production in chondroprogenitors vs differentiation using chondrogenic medium inclusive of TGFβ. METHODS Chondroprogenitors were harvested from three non-diseased human knee joints via fibronectin assay. Passage 3 pellets were subjected to four different culture conditions: a) negative control contained chondrogenic medium without TGFβ2, b) positive control contained medium with TGFβ2, c) PEMF 1 contained medium of negative control plus single exposure to PEMF and d) PEMF 2 contained medium of negative control plus multiple exposures to PEMF. Following differentiation (day 21), pellets were assessed for gene expression of ACAN, SOX9, COL2A1, TGFβ1, TGFβ2, and TGFβ3. Alcian blue staining to detect glycosaminoglycan deposition was also performed. Medium supernatant was used to detect endogenous latent TGF-β1 levels using ELISA. RESULTS All study arms exhibited comparable gene expression without any significant difference. Although positive control and PEMF study arms demonstrated notably better staining than negative control, the level of latent TGF-β1 was seen to be significantly high in supernatant from positive control (P < 0.05) when compared to other groups. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that PEMF induced chondrogenesis might involve other signalling molecules, which require further evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Vinod
- Department of Physiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002, India
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002, India
| | - Upasana Kachroo
- Department of Physiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002, India
| | - Grace Rebekah
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002, India
| | - Sajo Thomas
- Department of Physiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002, India
| | - Boopalan Ramasamy
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Darwin Hospital, 105 Rocklands Drive, Tiwi NT, 0810, Australia
- Corresponding author. Orthopaedics, Royal Darwin Hospital, 105 Rocklands Drive, Tiwi, NT, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Moussi K, Abusamra DB, Yassine O, Merzaban J, Kosel J. Strain-induced Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:2239-2244. [PMID: 33018453 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Directing the fate of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) toward bone formation using mechanical strain is a promising approach in regenerative medicine related to bone diseases. Numerous studies have evaluated the effects of vibration or cyclic tensile strain on MSCs towards developing a mechanically-based method for stimulating differentiation. Here, we study the differentiation of hMSCs cultured on elastic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane, which is magnetically actuated to induce periodically varying strain. The strain distribution across the membrane was calculated by finite-element modeling and demonstrates three main areas of different strain amplitudes. The strain effect on the hMSCs was evaluated by measuring the mineralization of differentiated hMSCs using Alizarin S red stain. The results indicate a strain-dependent differentiation of hMSCs, where the highest region of strain on the membrane resulted in the most accelerated differentiation. Osteogenic differentiation was achieved as early as two weeks, which is significantly sooner than control hMSCs treated with osteogenic media alone.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhao D, Feng PJ, Liu JH, Dong M, Shen XQ, Chen YX, Shen QD. Electromagnetized-Nanoparticle-Modulated Neural Plasticity and Recovery of Degenerative Dopaminergic Neurons in the Mid-Brain. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003800. [PMID: 32924217 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The degeneration of dopaminergic neurons is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of mid-brain disorders. Clinically, cell therapeutic solutions, by increasing the neurotransmitter dopamine levels in the patients, are hindered by low efficiency and/or side effects. Here, a strategy using electromagnetized nanoparticles to modulate neural plasticity and recover degenerative dopamine neurons in vivo is reported. Remarkably, electromagnetic fields generated by the nanoparticles under ultrasound stimulation modulate intracellular calcium signaling to influence synaptic plasticity and control neural behavior. Dopaminergic neuronal functions are reversed by upregulating the expression tyrosine hydroxylase, thus resulting in ameliorating the neural behavioral disorders in zebrafish. This wireless tool can serve as a viable and safe strategy for the regenerative therapy of the neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Pei-Jian Feng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia-Hao Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Quan Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ying-Xin Chen
- College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Qun-Dong Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Samiei M, Aghazadeh Z, Abdolahinia ED, Vahdati A, Daneshvar S, Noghani A. The effect of electromagnetic fields on survival and proliferation rate of dental pulp stem cells. Acta Odontol Scand 2020; 78:494-500. [PMID: 32191156 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1734655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) can affect biological systems and alter some cell functions like proliferation rate. Dental pulp tissue is known as a source of multipotent stromal stem cells (MSCs), which can be obtained by a less invasive and more available process compared to bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs). This study aimed to consider the effect of ELF-EMF on proliferation rates of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).Material and methods: ELF-EMF was generated by a system including autotransformer, multi-meter, solenoid coils, teslameter and its probe. The effect of ELF-EMF with the intensity of 0.5 and 1 mT and 50 Hz on the proliferation rate of hDPSCs was assessed in 20 and 40 min per day for 7 days. MTT assay and DAPI test were used to determine the growth and proliferation of DPSCs.Results: Based on MTT, ELF-EMF has maximum effect with the intensity of 1 mT for 20 min/day on the proliferation of hDPSCs. The survival and proliferation rate in all exposure groups were significantly higher than the control group. Based on the data obtained from MTT and DAPI assay, the number of viable cells in the group exposed to 1 mT for 20 min/day was higher than other groups (p < .05).Conclusions: Regarding to the results of this study, 0.5 and 1 mT ELF-EMF can enhance survival and proliferation rates of hDPSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Samiei
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Aghazadeh
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Vahdati
- Dental Public Health Program, Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Sabalan Daneshvar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Atefe Noghani
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Increase the Expression of Anagen-Related Molecules in Human Dermal Papilla Cells via GSK-3β/ERK/Akt Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030784. [PMID: 31991762 PMCID: PMC7037017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in medical treatments, the proportion of the population suffering from alopecia is increasing, thereby creating a need for new treatments to control hair loss and prevent balding. Human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (hDPCs), a type of specialized fibroblast in the hair bulb, play an essential role in controlling hair growth and in conditions like androgenic alopecia. This study aimed to evaluate the intensity-dependent effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on the expression of anagen-related molecules in hDPCs in vitro. We examined the effect of ELF-EMF on hDPCs to determine whether activation of the GSK-3β/ERK/Akt signaling pathway improved hDPC activation and proliferation; hDPCs were exposed to ELF-EMFs at a frequency of 70 Hz and at intensities ranging from 5 to 100 G, over four days. Various PEMF intensities significantly increased the expression of anagen-related molecules, including collagen IV, laminin, ALP, and versican. In particular, an intensity of 10 G is most potent for promoting the proliferation of hDPC and expression of anagen-related molecules. Moreover, 10 G ELF-EMF significantly increased β-catenin and Wnt3α expression and GSK-3β/ERK/Akt phosphorylation. Our results confirmed that ELF-EMFs enhance hDPC activation and proliferation via the GSK-3β/ERK/Akt signaling pathway, suggesting a potential treatment strategy for alopecia.
Collapse
|
27
|
Huang J, Jia Z, Liang Y, Huang Z, Rong Z, Xiong J, Wang D. Pulse electromagnetic fields enhance the repair of rabbit articular cartilage defects with magnetic nano-hydrogel. RSC Adv 2019; 10:541-550. [PMID: 35492543 PMCID: PMC9048220 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07874f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel is an important scaffold material in regenerative medicine and cartilage tissue engineering. Hydrogel material combined with pulse electromagnetic fields (PEMFs), PEMFs has the potential to manage the repair of defective articular cartilage. Here, we developed a new type of magnetic hydrogel. The data shows that the magnetic hydrogel had good mechanical properties, and its surface had micropores and unevenness, which was conducive to cell adhesion growth. Infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that the magnetic particles were evenly distributed in the hydrogel, and the addition of constant static magnetic field yielded magnetic water. The hydrogel exhibited good superparamagnetism. The co-culture of the magnetic hydrogel and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) showed good biocompatibility. The PEMFs promoted the differentiation of the BMSCs into cartilage, and the index of cartilage differentiation increased obviously. The results of the animal experiments showed that the magnetic hydrogel and BMSCs combined with pulsed electromagnetic field had a strong repair effect. They also showed that the magnetic nano-hydrogel combined with the PEMFs induced chondrogenic differentiation of the BMSCs. The positive experimental results suggested that the combination of magnetic hydrogel and the PEMFs can be used as an effective method for repairing articular cartilage defects in rabbit model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Huang
- Shenzhen National Key Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518035 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518035 P. R. China
| | - Zhaofeng Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518020 P. R. China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center Shenzhen Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Zhiwang Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shantou University Medical College Shantou Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Rong
- Shijiazhuang Maternal and Child Health Hospital Shijiazhuang Hebei Province P. R. China
| | - Jianyi Xiong
- Shenzhen National Key Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518035 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518035 P. R. China
| | - Daping Wang
- Shenzhen National Key Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518035 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518035 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hesari R, Keshvarinia M, Kabiri M, Rad I, Parivar K, Hoseinpoor H, Tavakoli R, Soleimani M, Kouhkan F, Zamanluee S, Hanaee-Ahvaz H. Comparative impact of platelet rich plasma and transforming growth factor-β on chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 10:37-43. [PMID: 31988855 PMCID: PMC6977594 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2020.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Introduction: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is known as standard chondrogenic differentiation agent, even though it comes with undesirable side effects such as early hypertrophic maturation, mineralization, and secretion of inflammatory/angiogenic factors. On the other hand, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is found to have a chondrogenic impact on mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation, with no considerable side effects. Therefore, we compared chondrogenic impact of TGF-β and PRP on adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), to see if PRP could be introduced as an alternative to TGF-β.
Methods: Differentiation of ADSCs was monitored using a couple of methods including glycosaminoglycan production, miRNAs expression, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) secretion, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and calcium content assays.
Results: Accordingly, the treatment of differentiating cells with 5% (v/v) PRP resulted in higher glycosaminoglycan production, enhanced SOX9 transcription, and lowered TNFα and VEGF secretion compared to the control and TGF-β groups. Besides, the application of PRP to the media up-regulated miR-146a and miR-199a in early and late stages of chondrogenesis, respectively.
Conclusion: PRP induces in vitro chondrogenesis, as well as TGF-β with lesser inflammatory and hypertrophic side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Hesari
- Institute of Materials and Biomaterials, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Keshvarinia
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Kabiri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Rad
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Parivar
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Masoud Soleimani
- Hematology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Soheila Zamanluee
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gonzalez-Fernandez T, Sikorski P, Leach JK. Bio-instructive materials for musculoskeletal regeneration. Acta Biomater 2019; 96:20-34. [PMID: 31302298 PMCID: PMC6717669 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and cost of disorders affecting the musculoskeletal system are predicted to rise significantly in the coming years due to the aging global population and the increase of associated risk factors. Despite being the second largest cause of disability, the clinical options for therapeutic intervention remain limited. The clinical translation of cell-based therapies for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders faces many challenges including maintenance of cell survival in the harsh in vivo environment and the lack of control over regulating cell phenotype upon implantation. In order to address these challenges, the development of bio-instructive materials to modulate cell behavior has taken center stage as a strategy to increase the therapeutic potential of various cell populations. However, the determination of the necessary cues for a specific application and how these signals should be presented from a biomaterial remains elusive. This review highlights recent biochemical and physical strategies used to engineer bio-instructive materials for the repair of musculoskeletal tissues. There is a particular emphasis on emerging efforts such as the engineering of immunomodulatory and antibacterial materials, as well as the incorporation of these strategies into biofabrication and organ-on-a-chip approaches. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Disorders affecting the musculoskeletal system affect individuals across the lifespan and have a profound effect on mobility and quality of life. While small defects in many tissues can heal successfully, larger defects are often unable to heal or instead heal with inferior quality fibrous tissue and require clinical intervention. Cell-based therapies are a promising option for clinical translation, yet challenges related to maintaining cell survival and instructing cell phenotype upon implantation have limited the success of this approach. Bio-instructive materials provide an exciting opportunity to modulate cell behavior and enhance the efficacy of cell-based approaches for musculoskeletal repair. However, the identification of critical instructive cues and how to present these stimuli is a focus of intense investigation. This review highlights recent biochemical and physical strategies used to engineer bio-instructive materials for the repair of musculoskeletal tissues, while also considering exciting progress in the engineering of immunomodulatory and antibacterial materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pawel Sikorski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - J Kent Leach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Leberfinger AN, Dinda S, Wu Y, Koduru SV, Ozbolat V, Ravnic DJ, Ozbolat IT. Bioprinting functional tissues. Acta Biomater 2019; 95:32-49. [PMID: 30639351 PMCID: PMC6625952 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the numerous lives that have been saved since the first successful procedure in 1954, organ transplant has several shortcomings which prevent it from becoming a more comprehensive solution for medical care than it is today. There is a considerable shortage of organ donors, leading to patient death in many cases. In addition, patients require lifelong immunosuppression to prevent graft rejection postoperatively. With such issues in mind, recent research has focused on possible solutions for the lack of access to donor organs and rejections, with the possibility of using the patient's own cells and tissues for treatment showing enormous potential. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a rapidly emerging technology, which holds great promise for fabrication of functional tissues and organs. Bioprinting offers the means of utilizing a patient's cells to design and fabricate constructs for replacement of diseased tissues and organs. It enables the precise positioning of cells and biologics in an automated and high throughput manner. Several studies have shown the promise of 3D bioprinting. However, many problems must be overcome before the generation of functional tissues with biologically-relevant scale is possible. Specific focus on the functionality of bioprinted tissues is required prior to clinical translation. In this perspective, this paper discusses the challenges of functionalization of bioprinted tissue under eight dimensions: biomimicry, cell density, vascularization, innervation, heterogeneity, engraftment, mechanics, and tissue-specific function, and strives to inform the reader with directions in bioprinting complex and volumetric tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: With thousands of patients dying each year waiting for an organ transplant, bioprinted tissues and organs show the potential to eliminate this ever-increasing organ shortage crisis. However, this potential can only be realized by better understanding the functionality of the organ and developing the ability to translate this to the bioprinting methodologies. Considering the rate at which the field is currently expanding, it is reasonable to expect bioprinting to become an integral component of regenerative medicine. For this purpose, this paper discusses several factors that are critical for printing functional tissues including cell density, vascularization, innervation, heterogeneity, engraftment, mechanics, and tissue-specific function, and inform the reader with future directions in bioprinting complex and volumetric tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Leberfinger
- Department of Surgery, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Shantanab Dinda
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yang Wu
- The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Srinivas V Koduru
- Department of Surgery, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Veli Ozbolat
- The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Ceyhan Engineering Faculty, Cukurova University, Ceyhan, Adana 01950, Turkey
| | - Dino J Ravnic
- Department of Surgery, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Vaca-González JJ, Guevara JM, Moncayo MA, Castro-Abril H, Hata Y, Garzón-Alvarado DA. Biophysical Stimuli: A Review of Electrical and Mechanical Stimulation in Hyaline Cartilage. Cartilage 2019; 10:157-172. [PMID: 28933195 PMCID: PMC6425540 DOI: 10.1177/1947603517730637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyaline cartilage degenerative pathologies induce morphologic and biomechanical changes resulting in cartilage tissue damage. In pursuit of therapeutic options, electrical and mechanical stimulation have been proposed for improving tissue engineering approaches for cartilage repair. The purpose of this review was to highlight the effect of electrical stimulation and mechanical stimuli in chondrocyte behavior. DESIGN Different information sources and the MEDLINE database were systematically revised to summarize the different contributions for the past 40 years. RESULTS It has been shown that electric stimulation may increase cell proliferation and stimulate the synthesis of molecules associated with the extracellular matrix of the articular cartilage, such as collagen type II, aggrecan and glycosaminoglycans, while mechanical loads trigger anabolic and catabolic responses in chondrocytes. CONCLUSION The biophysical stimuli can increase cell proliferation and stimulate molecules associated with hyaline cartilage extracellular matrix maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Vaca-González
- Biomimetics Laboratory, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
- Numerical Methods and Modeling Research Group (GNUM), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Johana M. Guevara
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Miguel A. Moncayo
- Biomimetics Laboratory, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
- Numerical Methods and Modeling Research Group (GNUM), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Hector Castro-Abril
- Biomimetics Laboratory, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
- Numerical Methods and Modeling Research Group (GNUM), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Yoshie Hata
- Biomimetics Laboratory, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Diego A. Garzón-Alvarado
- Biomimetics Laboratory, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
- Numerical Methods and Modeling Research Group (GNUM), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Huang J, Liang Y, Huang Z, Zhao P, Liang Q, Liu Y, Duan L, Liu W, Zhu F, Bian L, Xia J, Xiong J, Wang D. Magnetic Enhancement of Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2200-2207. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yujie Liang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | | | - Pengchao Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Liming Bian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ross CL, Ang DC, Almeida-Porada G. Targeting Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/Pericytes (MSCs) With Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) Has the Potential to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:266. [PMID: 30886614 PMCID: PMC6409305 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of synovium (synovitis), with inflammatory/immune cells and resident fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) acting as major players in the pathogenesis of this disease. The resulting inflammatory response poses considerable risks as loss of bone and cartilage progresses, destroying the joint surface, causing joint damage, joint failure, articular dysfunction, and pre-mature death if left untreated. At the cellular level, early changes in RA synovium include inflammatory cell infiltration, synovial hyperplasia, and stimulation of angiogenesis to the site of injury. Different angiogenic factors promote this disease, making the role of anti-angiogenic therapy a focus of RA treatment. To control angiogenesis, mesenchymal stromal cells/pericytes (MSCs) in synovial tissue play a vital role in tissue repair. While recent evidence reports that MSCs found in joint tissues can differentiate to repair damaged tissue, this repair function can be repressed by the inflammatory milieu. Extremely-low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF), a biophysical form of stimulation, has an anti-inflammatory effect by causing differentiation of MSCs. PEMF has also been reported to increase the functional activity of MSCs to improve differentiation to chondrocytes and osteocytes. Moreover, PEMF has been demonstrated to accelerate cell differentiation, increase deposition of collagen, and potentially return vascular dysfunction back to homeostasis. The aim of this report is to review the effects of PEMF on MSC modulation of cytokines, growth factors, and angiogenesis, and describe its effect on MSC regeneration of synovial tissue to further understand its potential role in the treatment of RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Ross
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.,Wake Forest Center for Integrative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Dennis C Ang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Graça Almeida-Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Marycz K, Kornicka K, Röcken M. Static Magnetic Field (SMF) as a Regulator of Stem Cell Fate - New Perspectives in Regenerative Medicine Arising from an Underestimated Tool. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2019; 14:785-792. [PMID: 30225821 PMCID: PMC6223715 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering and stem cell-based therapies are one of the most rapidly developing fields in medical sciences. Therefore, much attention has been paid to the development of new drug-delivery systems characterized by low cytotoxicity, high efficiency and controlled release. One of the possible strategies to achieve these goals is the application of magnetic field and/or magnetic nanoparticles, which have been shown to exert a wide range of effects on cellular metabolism. Static magnetic field (SMF) has been commonly used in medicine as a tool to increase wound healing, bone regeneration and as a component of magnetic resonance technique. However, recent data shed light on deeper mechanism of SMF action on physiological properties of different cell populations, including stem cells. In the present review, we focused on SMF effects on stem cell biology and its possible application as a tool for controlled drug delivery. We also highlighted the perspectives, in which SMF can be used in future therapies in tissue engineering due to its easy application and a wide range of possible effects on cells and organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, Wrocław, Poland. .,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic - Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Gießen, Germany.
| | - K Kornicka
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, Wrocław, Poland
| | - M Röcken
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic - Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Huang X, Das R, Patel A, Nguyen TD. Physical Stimulations for Bone and Cartilage Regeneration. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 4:216-237. [PMID: 30740512 PMCID: PMC6366645 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-018-0064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of techniques and methods are actively invented by clinicians and scientists who are dedicated to the field of musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. Biological, chemical, and physiological factors, which play key roles in musculoskeletal tissue development, have been extensively explored. However, physical stimulation is increasingly showing extreme importance in the processes of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, proliferation and maturation through defined dose parameters including mode, frequency, magnitude, and duration of stimuli. Studies have shown manipulation of physical microenvironment is an indispensable strategy for the repair and regeneration of bone and cartilage, and biophysical cues could profoundly promote their regeneration. In this article, we review recent literature on utilization of physical stimulation, such as mechanical forces (cyclic strain, fluid shear stress, etc.), electrical and magnetic fields, ultrasound, shock waves, substrate stimuli, etc., to promote the repair and regeneration of bone and cartilage tissue. Emphasis is placed on the mechanism of cellular response and the potential clinical usage of these stimulations for bone and cartilage regeneration.
Collapse
|
36
|
Rodriguez-Sanz D, Losa-Iglesias ME, Bengoa-Vallejo RBD, Palomo-Lopez P, Calvo-Lobo C, Lopez-Lopez D. How is cell proprioception related to cell growth and differentiation? Strong scientific evidence for future clinical activities. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2018; 64:990-996. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.11.990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
|
37
|
Uzieliene I, Bernotas P, Mobasheri A, Bernotiene E. The Role of Physical Stimuli on Calcium Channels in Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102998. [PMID: 30275359 PMCID: PMC6212952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) are becoming increasingly popular in tissue engineering. They are the most frequently used stem cell source for clinical applications due to their high potential to differentiate into several lineages. Cartilage is known for its low capacity for self-maintenance and currently there are no efficient methods to improve cartilage repair. Chondrogenic differentiation of hMSC isolated from different tissues is widely employed due to a high clinical demand for the improvement of cartilage regeneration. Calcium channels that are regulated by physical stimuli seem to play a pivotal role in chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. These channels increase intracellular calcium concentration, which leads to the initiation of the relevant cellular processes that are required for differentiation. This review will focus on the impact of different physical stimuli, including electrical, electromagnetic/magnetic and mechanical on various calcium channels and calcium signaling mechanisms during chondrogenic differentiation of hMSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Uzieliene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Paulius Bernotas
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK.
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Eiva Bernotiene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ort C, Dayekh K, Xing M, Mequanint K. Emerging Strategies for Stem Cell Lineage Commitment in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3644-3657. [PMID: 33429592 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells have transformed the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, and their potential to further advance these fields cannot be overstated. The stem cell niche is a dynamic microenvironment that determines cell fate during development and tissue repair following an injury. Classically, stem cells were studied in isolation of their microenvironment; however, contemporary research has produced a myriad of evidence that shows the importance of multiple aspects of the stem cell niche in regulating their processes. In the context of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine studies, the niche is an artificial environment provided by culture conditions. In vitro culture conditions may involve coculturing with other cell types, developing specific biomaterials, and applying relevant forces to promote the desired lineage commitment. Considerable advance has been made over the past few years toward directed stem cell differentiation; however, the unspecific differentiation of stem cells yielding a mixed population of cells has been a challenge. In this review, we provide a systematic review of the emerging strategies used for lineage commitment within the context of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. These strategies include scaffold pore-size and pore-shape gradients, stress relaxation, sonic and electromagnetic effects, and magnetic forces. Finally, we provide insights and perspectives into future directions focusing on signaling pathways activated during lineage commitment using external stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Malcolm Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tu C, Xiao Y, Ma Y, Wu H, Song M. The legacy effects of electromagnetic fields on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell self-renewal and multiple differentiation potential. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:215. [PMID: 30092831 PMCID: PMC6085613 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0955-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on bone nonunion have been reported for many years. Many studies and randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that EMF exhibited benefits in curing delayed union and nonunion of long bone fractures. Most of them focused on the immediate effects, while the legacy effects of EMF remain poorly investigated. Methods In this study, rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were treated with EMF, and after a period of time the BMSC proliferation and differentiation were detected. Additionally, BMSC sheets with or without EMF treatment were transplanted into the rat tibia fracture nonunion models. The bone formation was evaluated after 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Results Our results showed that the proliferation capacity of BMSCs was heightened after EMF pretreatment. Over a period of time of EMF pretreatment, the capacities of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation were enhanced, while adipogenic differentiation was weakened. BMSC sheets pretreated with EMF could better promote the healing of tibia fracture in rats, compared to BMSC sheets alone. Furthermore, significantly higher values of radiographic grading scores were observed in the EMF group. Conclusions EMF has lasting effects on the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs, and together with cell sheet technology can provide a new method for the treatment of fracture nonunion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Xiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhuang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingyu Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Huang J, Liang Y, Jia Z, Chen J, Duan L, Liu W, Zhu F, Liang Q, Zhu W, You W, Xiong J, Wang D. Development of Magnetic Nanocomposite Hydrogel with Potential Cartilage Tissue Engineering. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:6182-6189. [PMID: 30023943 PMCID: PMC6044747 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanocomposite hydrogels show high potential to improve tissue engineering. In this study, a magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel was prepared from poly(vinyl alcohol), nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA), and magnetic nanoparticles (Fe2O3) using the ultrasonic dispersion method and freeze-thaw cross-linking molding. The water content and crystallinity of the magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel were tested. Microscopic morphology assessment, mechanical testing, and characterization were performed. Additionally, the magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel was co-cultured with bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to determine its cell compatibility. We found that the magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel had good mechanical properties and that its mechanical properties were enhanced by the addition of n-HA. The BMSCs showed uniform growth on the surface of the magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel and high rates of proliferation. BMSC growth was also enhanced by the addition of Fe2O3 and also significant stimulated chondrocyte-related gene expression. Thus, the magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel scaffold material we describe here could have broad applications in cartilage tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Huang
- Shenzhen
National Key Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue
Engineering, and Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First
Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Shenzhen
Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China
- Departments
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - ZhaoFeng Jia
- Shenzhen
National Key Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue
Engineering, and Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First
Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Jielin Chen
- Shenzhen
National Key Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue
Engineering, and Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First
Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Li Duan
- Shenzhen
National Key Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue
Engineering, and Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First
Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shenzhen
National Key Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue
Engineering, and Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First
Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Feiyan Zhu
- Shenzhen
National Key Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue
Engineering, and Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First
Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Shenzhen
National Key Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue
Engineering, and Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First
Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Weimin Zhu
- Shenzhen
National Key Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue
Engineering, and Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First
Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Wei You
- Shenzhen
National Key Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue
Engineering, and Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First
Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Jianyi Xiong
- Shenzhen
National Key Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue
Engineering, and Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First
Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Daping Wang
- Shenzhen
National Key Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue
Engineering, and Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First
Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen 518035, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hiemer B, Krogull M, Bender T, Ziebart J, Krueger S, Bader R, Jonitz-Heincke A. Effect of electric stimulation on human chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells under normoxia and hypoxia. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2133-2141. [PMID: 29916541 PMCID: PMC6072227 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During joint movement and mechanical loading, electric potentials occur within cartilage tissue guiding cell development and regeneration. Exposure of cartilage exogenous electric stimulation (ES) may imitate these endogenous electric fields and promote healing processes. Therefore, the present study investigated the influence of electric fields on human chondrocytes, mesenchymal stem cells and the co-culture of the two. Human chondrocytes isolated from articular cartilage obtained post-mortally and human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) were seeded onto a collagen-based scaffold separately or as co-culture. Following incubation with the growth factors over 3 days, ES was performed using titanium electrodes applying an alternating electric field (700 mV, 1 kHz). Cells were exposed to an electric field over 7 days under either hypoxic or normoxic culture conditions. Following this, metabolic activity was investigated and synthesis rates of extracellular matrix proteins were analyzed. ES did not influence metabolic activity of chondrocytes or BM-MSCs. Gene expression analyses demonstrated that ES increased the expression of collagen type II mRNA and aggrecan mRNA in human chondrocytes under hypoxic culture conditions. Likewise, collagen type II synthesis was significantly increased following exposure to electric fields under hypoxia. BM-MSCs and the co-culture of chondrocytes and BM-MSCs revealed a similar though weaker response regarding the expression of cartilage matrix proteins. The electrode setup may be a valuable tool to investigate the influence of ES on human chondrocytes and BM-MSCs contributing to fundamental knowledge including future applications of ES in cartilage repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Hiemer
- Department of Orthopaedics, Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Rostock University Medical Centre, D‑18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Krogull
- Department of Orthopaedics, Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Rostock University Medical Centre, D‑18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Bender
- Department of Orthopaedics, Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Rostock University Medical Centre, D‑18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Josefin Ziebart
- Department of Orthopaedics, Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Rostock University Medical Centre, D‑18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Simone Krueger
- Department of Orthopaedics, Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Rostock University Medical Centre, D‑18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Rainer Bader
- Department of Orthopaedics, Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Rostock University Medical Centre, D‑18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anika Jonitz-Heincke
- Department of Orthopaedics, Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Rostock University Medical Centre, D‑18057 Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yin Y, Chen P, Yu Q, Peng Y, Zhu Z, Tian J. The Effects of a Pulsed Electromagnetic Field on the Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3274-3282. [PMID: 29775452 PMCID: PMC5987610 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) has been confirmed to play an important role in promoting the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) possess some attractive characteristics for clinical application compared to BMSCs, such as abundant stem cells from lipoaspirates, faster growth, less discomfort and morbidity during surgery. ASCs can become adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, neurocytes, and other cell types. Thus, ASCs might be a good alternative in clinical work involving treatment with PEMF. Material/Methods Human ASCs (hASCs)were divided into a control group (without PEMF exposure) and an experimental group (PEMF for two hours per day). We examined the effect of PEMF on promoting cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation from several aspects: CCK-8 proliferation assay, RNA extraction, qRT-PCR detection, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining experiments. Results PEMF could promote cell proliferation of human ASCs (hASCs) at an early stage as determined by CCK-8 assay. A specific intensity (1 mT) and frequency (50 Hz) of PEMF promoted osteogenic differentiation in hASCs in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining experiments. In addition, bone-related gene expression increased after two weeks of PEMF exposure, the protein expression of OPN, OCN, and RUNX-2 also increased after a longer period (three weeks) of PEMF treatment as determined by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Conclusions We found for the first time that PMEF has a role in stimulating cell proliferation of hASCs at an early period, subsequently promoting bone-related gene expression and inducing the expression of related proteins to stimulate osteogenic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Haizhu, Guangzhou, China (mainland)
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Haizhu, Guangzhou, China (mainland)
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Haizhu, Guangzhou, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Baiyun, Guangzhou, China (mainland)
| | - ZeHao Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Haizhu, Guangzhou, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital,Southern Medical University, Haizhu, Guangzhou, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Polo-Corrales L, Ramirez-Vick J, Feria-Diaz JJ. Recent Advances in Biophysical stimulation of MSC for bone regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2018/v11i15/121405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
44
|
Mayer-Wagner S, Hammerschmid F, Blum H, Krebs S, Redeker JI, Holzapfel BM, Jansson V, Müller PE. Effects of single and combined low frequency electromagnetic fields and simulated microgravity on gene expression of human mesenchymal stem cells during chondrogenesis. Arch Med Sci 2018; 14:608-616. [PMID: 29765449 PMCID: PMC5949910 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.59894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low frequency electromagnetic fields (LF-EMF) and simulated microgravity (SMG) have been observed to affect chondrogenesis. A controlled bioreactor system was developed to apply LF-EMF and SMG singly or combined during chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in 3D culture. MATERIAL AND METHODS An external motor gear SMG bioreactor was combined with magnetic Helmholtz coils for EMF (5 mT; 15 Hz). Pellets of hMSCs (±TGF-β3) were cultured (P5) under SMG, LF-EMF, LF-EMF/SMG and control (1 g) conditions for 3 weeks. Sections were stained with safranin-O and collagen type II. Gene expression was evaluated by microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS Simulated microgravity application significantly changed gene expression; specifically, COLXA1 but also COL2A1, which represents the chondrogenic potential, were reduced (p < 0.05). Low frequency electromagnetic fields application showed no gene expression changes on a microarray basis. LF-EMF/SMG application obtained significant different expression values from cultures obtained under SMG conditions with a re-increase of COL2A1, therefore rescuing the chondrogenic potential, which had been lowered by SMG. CONCLUSIONS Simulated microgravity lowered hypertrophy but also the chondrogenic potential of hMSCs. Combined LF-EMF/SMG provided a rescue effect of the chondrogenic potential of hMSCs although no LF-EMF effect was observed under optimal conditions. The study provides new insights into how LF-EMF and SMG affect chondrogenesis of hMSCs and how they generate interdependent effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Mayer-Wagner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Hammerschmid
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Blum
- LAFUGA Genomics, Gene Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Krebs
- LAFUGA Genomics, Gene Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia I. Redeker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris M. Holzapfel
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Volkmar Jansson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter E. Müller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Feng H, Zhao JK, Schiergens TS, Wang PX, Ou BC, Al-Sayegh R, Li ML, Lu AG, Yin S, Thasler WE. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells promote colorectal cancer cell death under low-dose irradiation. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:353-365. [PMID: 29384527 PMCID: PMC5808030 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy remains one of the cornerstones to improve the outcome of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Radiotherapy of the CRC not only help to destroy cancer cells but also remodel the tumour microenvironment by enhancing tumour-specific tropism of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (BM-MSC) from the peripheral circulation. However, the role of local MSCs and recruited BM-MSC under radiation were not well defined. Indeed, the functions of BM-MSC without irradiation intervention remained controversial in tumour progression: BM-MSC was previously shown to modulate the immune function of major immune cells, resulting in an impaired immunological sensitivity and to induce an increased risk of tumour recurrence. In contrast, it could also secrete various cytokines and possess anticancer effect. METHODS Three co-cultivation modules, 3D culture modules, and cancer organoids were established. The induction of cytokines secretion in hBM-MSCs after irradiation was analysed by ELISA array and flow cytometry. AutoMac separator was used to separate hBM-MSC and CRC automatically. Cells from the co-cultured group and the control group were then irradiated by UV-C lamp and X-ray. Proliferation assay and viability assay were performed. RESULTS In this study, we show that BM-MSCs can induce the EMT progression of CRC cells in vitro. When irradiated with low doses of ultraviolet radiation and X-rays, BM-MSCs show an anti-tumour effect by secreting certain cytokine (TNF-α, IFN-γ) that lead to the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis of CRC cells. This was further verified in a 3D culture model of a CRC cell in vitro. Furthermore, irradiation on the co-culture system induced the cleavage of caspase3, and attenuated the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in cancer cells. The signal pathways above might contribute to the cancer cell death. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we show that BM-MSC can potentially promote the effect of radiotherapy in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of General-, Visceral-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Jing-kun Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of General-, Visceral-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Tobias S Schiergens
- Department of General-, Visceral-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Pu-xiongzhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bao-chi Ou
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Rami Al-Sayegh
- Department of General-, Visceral-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Ming-lun Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Ai-guo Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shuai Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of General-, Visceral-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, State Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Wolfgang E Thasler
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, Munich 80634, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
The Application of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs) for Bone Fracture Repair: Past and Perspective Findings. Ann Biomed Eng 2018; 46:525-542. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-018-1982-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
47
|
Parate D, Franco-Obregón A, Fröhlich J, Beyer C, Abbas AA, Kamarul T, Hui JHP, Yang Z. Enhancement of mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis with short-term low intensity pulsed electromagnetic fields. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9421. [PMID: 28842627 PMCID: PMC5572790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09892-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulse electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) have been shown to recruit calcium-signaling cascades common to chondrogenesis. Here we document the effects of specified PEMF parameters over mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) chondrogenic differentiation. MSCs undergoing chondrogenesis are preferentially responsive to an electromagnetic efficacy window defined by field amplitude, duration and frequency of exposure. Contrary to conventional practice of administering prolonged and repetitive exposures to PEMFs, optimal chondrogenic outcome is achieved in response to brief (10 minutes), low intensity (2 mT) exposure to 6 ms bursts of magnetic pulses, at 15 Hz, administered only once at the onset of chondrogenic induction. By contrast, repeated exposures diminished chondrogenic outcome and could be attributed to calcium entry after the initial induction. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels appear to mediate these aspects of PEMF stimulation, serving as a conduit for extracellular calcium. Preventing calcium entry during the repeated PEMF exposure with the co-administration of EGTA or TRP channel antagonists precluded the inhibition of differentiation. This study highlights the intricacies of calcium homeostasis during early chondrogenesis and the constraints that are placed on PEMF-based therapeutic strategies aimed at promoting MSC chondrogenesis. The demonstrated efficacy of our optimized PEMF regimens has clear clinical implications for future regenerative strategies for cartilage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Parate
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119288, Singapore
| | - Alfredo Franco-Obregón
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8, IE Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore. .,BioIonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory, BICEPS, National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 medical Drive, #14-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Jürg Fröhlich
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8, IE Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Institute for Electromagnetic Fields, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Rämistrasse 101, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Beyer
- Institute for Electromagnetic Fields, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Rämistrasse 101, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Azlina A Abbas
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Pantai Valley, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Pantai Valley, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - James H P Hui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119288, Singapore. .,Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, #04-01, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510, Singapore.
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119288, Singapore. .,Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, #04-01, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Effect of electromagnetic fields on human osteoarthritic and non-osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:402. [PMID: 28806939 PMCID: PMC5556359 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on cartilaginous cells show a broad range of outcomes. However EMFs are not yet clinically applied as standard treatment of osteoarthritis, as EMF effects are showing varying outcomes in the literature. The aim of this study was to examine effects of EMFs (5 mT or 8 mT) on osteoarthritic (OA) and non-OA chondrocytes in order to investigate whether EMF effects are related to chondrocyte and EMF quality. METHODS Pellets of human OA and non-OA chondrocytes were exposed to a sinusoidal 15 Hz EMF produced by a solenoid. Control groups were cultivated without EMF under standard conditions for 7 days. Cultures were examined by staining, immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR for RNA corresponding to cartilage specific proteins (COL2A1, ACAN, SOX9). RESULTS OA chondrocytes increased the expression of COL2A1 and ACAN under 5 mT EMF compared to control. In contrast no changes in gene expression were observed in non-OA chondrocytes. OA and non-OA chondrocytes showed no significant changes in gene expression under 8 mT EMF. CONCLUSION A 5 mT EMF increased the expression of cartilage specific genes in OA chondrocytes whereas in non-OA chondrocytes no changes in gene expression were observed. An 8 mT EMF however showed no effect altogether. This suggests that EMF effects are related to EMF but also to chondrocyte quality. Further studies about the clinical relevance of this effect are necessary.
Collapse
|
49
|
Elgohary HM, Tantawy SA. Pulsed electromagnetic field with or without exercise therapy in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Phys Ther Sci 2017; 29:1305-1310. [PMID: 28878453 PMCID: PMC5574357 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.29.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To investigate the effect of pulsed electromagnetic field with or without
exercise therapy in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. [Subjects and Methods]
Sixty male patients aged 55–65 years with benign prostatic hyperplasia were invited to
participate in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to Group A (n=20; patients who
received pulsed electromagnetic field in addition to pelvic floor and aerobic exercises),
Group B (n=20; patients who received pulsed electromagnetic field), and Group C (n=20;
patients who received placebo electromagnetic field). The assessments included post-void
residual urine, urine flow rate, prostate specific antigen, white blood cells count, and
International Prostate Symptom Score were weighed, before and after a 4-week intervention.
[Results] There were significant differences in Group A and B in all parameters. Group C
showed non-significant differences in all measured variables except for International
Prostate Symptom Score. Among groups, all parameters showed highly significant differences
in favor of Group A. There were non-significant differences between Group A and B and
significant difference between Groups A and C and between Groups B and C. [Conclusion] The
present study demonstrated that electromagnetic field had a significant impact on the
treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Accordingly, electromagnetic field can be
utilized alone or in combination with other physiotherapy modalities. Moreover, clinicians
should have the capacity to perceive the advantages accomplished using extra treatment
alternatives. Electromagnetic field is a safe, noninvasive method and can be used for the
treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hany M Elgohary
- Department of Physical Therapy for Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Sayed A Tantawy
- Physiotherapy Department, Center of Radiation, Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.,Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical & Health Sciences, Ahlia University, Kingdom of Bahrain
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tamrin SH, Majedi FS, Tondar M, Sanati-Nezhad A, Hasani-Sadrabadi MM. Electromagnetic Fields and Stem Cell Fate: When Physics Meets Biology. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 171:63-97. [PMID: 27515674 DOI: 10.1007/112_2016_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Controlling stem cell (SC) fate is an extremely important topic in the realm of SC research. A variety of different external cues mainly mechanical, chemical, or electrical stimulations individually or in combination have been incorporated to control SC fate. Here, we will deconstruct the probable relationship between the functioning of electromagnetic (EMF) and SC fate of a variety of different SCs. The electromagnetic (EM) nature of the cells is discussed with the emphasis on the effects of EMF on the determinant factors that directly and/or indirectly influence cell fate. Based on the EM effects on a variety of cellular processes, it is believed that EMFs can be engineered to provide a controlled signal with the highest impact on the SC fate decision. Considering the novelty and broad applications of applying EMFs to change SC fate, it is necessary to shed light on many unclear mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hassanpour Tamrin
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Tondar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- BioMEMS and BioInspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N1N4.
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Hasani-Sadrabadi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience and G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|