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Kwiatos N, Atila D, Puchalski M, Kumaravel V, Steinbüchel A. Cyanophycin modifications for applications in tissue scaffolding. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:264. [PMID: 38489042 PMCID: PMC10943155 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Cyanophycin (CGP) is a polypeptide consisting of amino acids-aspartic acid in the backbone and arginine in the side chain. Owing to its resemblance to cell adhesive motifs in the body, it can be considered suitable for use in biomedical applications as a novel component to facilitate cell attachment and tissue regeneration. Although it has vast potential applications, starting with nutrition, through drug delivery and tissue engineering to the production of value-added chemicals and biomaterials, CGP has not been brought to the industry yet. To develop scaffolds using CGP powder produced by bacteria, its properties (e.g., biocompatibility, morphology, biodegradability, and mechanical strength) should be tailored in terms of the requirements of the targeted tissue. Crosslinking commonly stands for a primary modification method for renovating biomaterial features to these extents. Herein, we aimed to crosslink CGP for the first time and present a comparative study of different methods of CGP crosslinking including chemical, physical, and enzymatic methods by utilizing glutaraldehyde (GTA), UV exposure, genipin, 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS), and monoamine oxidase (MAO). Crosslinking efficacy varied among the samples crosslinked via the different crosslinking methods. All crosslinked CGP were non-cytotoxic to L929 cells, except for the groups with higher GTA concentrations. We conclude that CGP is a promising candidate for scaffolding purposes to be used as part of a composite with other biomaterials to maintain the integrity of scaffolds. The initiative study demonstrated the unknown characteristics of crosslinked CGP, even though its feasibility for biomedical applications should be confirmed by further examinations. KEY POINTS: • Cyanophycin was crosslinked by 5 different methods • Crosslinked cyanophycin is non-cytotoxic to L929 cells • Crosslinked cyanophycin is a promising new material for scaffolding purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kwiatos
- International Centre for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials-International Research Agenda (ICRI-BioM), Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Deniz Atila
- International Centre for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials-International Research Agenda (ICRI-BioM), Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, Łódź, Poland
| | - Michał Puchalski
- Institute of Material Science of Textile and Polymer Composites, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, Łódź, Poland
| | - Vignesh Kumaravel
- International Centre for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials-International Research Agenda (ICRI-BioM), Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Alexander Steinbüchel
- International Centre for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials-International Research Agenda (ICRI-BioM), Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, Łódź, Poland
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2
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Venezia V, Verrillo M, Avallone PR, Silvestri B, Cangemi S, Pasquino R, Grizzuti N, Spaccini R, Luciani G. Waste to Wealth Approach: Improved Antimicrobial Properties in Bioactive Hydrogels through Humic Substance-Gelatin Chemical Conjugation. Biomacromolecules 2023. [PMID: 37167573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Exploring opportunities for biowaste valorization, herein, humic substances (HS) were combined with gelatin, a hydrophilic biocompatible and bioavailable polymer, to obtain 3D hydrogels. Hybrid gels (Gel HS) were prepared at different HS contents, exploiting physical or chemical cross-linking, through 1-ethyl-(3-3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) chemistry, between HS and gelatin. Physicochemical features were assessed through rheological measurements, X-ray diffraction, attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ATR and NMR spectroscopies suggested the formation of an amide bond between HS and Gel via EDC chemistry. In addition, antioxidant and antimicrobial features toward both Gram(-) and Gram(+) strains were evaluated. HS confers great antioxidant and widespread antibiotic performance to the whole gel. Furthermore, the chemical cross-linking affects the viscoelastic behavior, crystalline structures, water uptake, and functional performance and produces a marked improvement of biocide action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Venezia
- DICMaPI, Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80125, Italy
- DiSt, Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Mariavittoria Verrillo
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, Portici 80125, Italy
| | - Pietro Renato Avallone
- DICMaPI, Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Brigida Silvestri
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Silvana Cangemi
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, Portici 80125, Italy
| | - Rossana Pasquino
- DICMaPI, Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Nino Grizzuti
- DICMaPI, Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Riccardo Spaccini
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, Portici 80125, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Luciani
- DICMaPI, Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80125, Italy
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Al Rahal O, Kariuki BM, Hughes CE, Williams PA, Xu X, Gaisford S, Iuga D, Harris KDM. Unraveling the Complex Solid-State Phase Transition Behavior of 1-Iodoadamantane, a Material for Which Ostensibly Identical Crystals Undergo Different Transformation Pathways. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:3820-3833. [PMID: 37159655 PMCID: PMC10161194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phase transitions in crystalline molecular solids have important implications in the fundamental understanding of materials properties and in the development of materials applications. Herein, we report the solid-state phase transition behavior of 1-iodoadamantane (1-IA) investigated using a multi-technique strategy [synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), single-crystal XRD, solid-state NMR, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)], which reveals complex phase transition behavior on cooling from ambient temperature to ca. 123 K and on subsequent heating to the melting temperature (348 K). Starting from the known phase of 1-IA at ambient temperature (phase A), three low-temperature phases are identified (phases B, C, and D); the crystal structures of phases B and C are reported, together with a re-determination of the structure of phase A. Remarkably, single-crystal XRD shows that some individual crystals of phase A transform to phase B, while other crystals of phase A transform instead to phase C. Results (from powder XRD and DSC) on cooling a powder sample of phase A are fully consistent with this behavior while also revealing an additional transformation pathway from phase A to phase D. Thus, on cooling, a powder sample of phase A transforms partially to phase C (at 229 K), partially to phase D (at 226 K) and partially to phase B (at 211 K). During the cooling process, each of the phases B, C, and D is formed directly from phase A, and no transformations are observed between phases B, C, and D. On heating the resulting triphasic powder sample of phases B, C, and D from 123 K, phase B transforms to phase D (at 211 K), followed by the transformation of phase D to phase C (at 255 K), and finally, phase C transforms to phase A (at 284 K). From these observations, it is apparent that different crystals of phase A, which are ostensibly identical at the level of information revealed by XRD, must actually differ in other aspects that significantly influence their low-temperature phase transition pathways. This unusual behavior will stimulate future studies to gain deeper insights into the specific properties that control the phase transition pathways in individual crystals of this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okba Al Rahal
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Benson M. Kariuki
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Colan E. Hughes
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - P. Andrew Williams
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University
College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, England WC1N 1AX, U.K.
| | - Simon Gaisford
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University
College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, England WC1N 1AX, U.K.
| | - Dinu Iuga
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England, U.K.
| | - Kenneth D. M. Harris
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, U.K.
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4
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Khalvandi A, Saber-Samandari S, Aghdam MM. Application of artificial neural networks to predict Young's moduli of cartilage scaffolds: An in-vitro and micromechanical study. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 136:212768. [PMID: 35929308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, four-phase Gelatin-Polypyrrole-Akermanite-Magnetite scaffolds were fabricated and analyzed using in-vitro tests and numerical simulations. Such scaffolds contained various amounts of Magnetite bioceramics as much as 0, 5, 10, and 15 wt% of Gelatin-Polypyrrole-Akermanite biocomposite. X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were conducted. Swelling and degradation of the scaffolds were studied by immersing them in phosphate-buffered saline, PBS, solution. Magnetite bioceramics decreased the swelling percent and degradation duration. By immersing scaffolds in simulated body fluid, the highest formation rate of Apatite was observed in the 15 wt% Magnetite samples. The mean pore size was in an acceptable range to provide suitable conditions for cell proliferation. MG-63 cells were cultured on extracts of the scaffolds for 24, 48, and 72 h and their surfaces for 24 h. Cell viabilities and cell morphologies were assessed. Afterward, micromechanical models with spherical and polyhedral voids and artificial neural networks were employed to predict Young's moduli of the scaffolds. Based on the results of finite element analyses, spherical-shaped void models made the best predictions of elastic behavior in the 0, 5 wt% Magnetite scaffolds compared to the experimental data. Results of the simulations and experimental tests for the ten wt% Magnetite samples were well matched in both micromechanical models. In the 15 wt% Magnetite sample, models with polyhedral voids could precisely predict Young's modulus of such scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khalvandi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Viani A, Mácová P, Machová D, Mali G. Technical Note: Post-burial alteration of bones: Quantitative characterization with solid-state 1H MAS NMR. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 323:110783. [PMID: 33878550 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The identification of markers of the modifications occurring in human bones after death and of the sedimentary and post-sedimentary processes affecting their state of preservation, is of interest for several scientific disciplines. A new index, obtained from spectral deconvolution of the 1H MAS NMR spectra of bones, relating the number of organic protons to the amount of hydrogen nuclei in the OH- groups of bioapatite, is proposed as indicator of the state of preservation of the organic fraction. In the osteological material from three different archaeological sites, this index resulted positively correlated with the extent of collagen loss derived from infrared spectroscopy. Its sensitivity to changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of bone allows to identify distinct diagenetic pathways specific to each site and to distinguish different trajectories within the same site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Viani
- Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Telč, Prosecká 809/76, 190 00 Praha 9, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Mácová
- Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Telč, Prosecká 809/76, 190 00 Praha 9, Czech Republic
| | - Dita Machová
- Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Telč, Prosecká 809/76, 190 00 Praha 9, Czech Republic
| | - Gregor Mali
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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6
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Da Ros S, Aliev AE, del Gaudio I, King R, Pokorska A, Kearney M, Curran K. Characterising plasticised cellulose acetate-based historic artefacts by NMR spectroscopy: A new approach for quantifying the degree of substitution and diethyl phthalate contents. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Proietti N, Di Tullio V, Carsote C, Badea E. 13 C solid-state NMR complemented by ATR-FTIR and micro-DSC to study modern collagen-based material and historical leather. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2020; 58:840-859. [PMID: 32250473 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ancient vegetable tanned leathers and parchments are very complex materials in which both different manufacturing and deterioration processes make their study and chemical characterisation difficult. In this research, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was applied to identify different tannin families (condensed and hydrolysable) in historical leather objects such as bookbindings, wall upholsters, footwear and accessories, and military apparel. Furthermore, leather deterioration with special focus on collagen gelatinisation was investigated. A comparison with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and micro-differential scanning calorimetry (micro-DSC) was also performed to support the 13 C CP-MAS NMR findings and to point out the advantages and limitations of solid-state NMR in analysing historical and archaeological leathers. A wide database of NMR and FTIR spectra of commercial tannins compounds was also collected in order to characterise historical and archaeological leathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Proietti
- "Segre-Capitani" NMR Laboratory, Institute for Biological Systems (ISB-CNR), National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Tullio
- "Segre-Capitani" NMR Laboratory, Institute for Biological Systems (ISB-CNR), National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Carsote
- Center for Research and Physical-Chemical and Biological Investigations, National Museum of Romanian History, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Badea
- Advanced Research for Cultural Heritage Group (ARCH Lab), National Research and Development Institute for Textiles and Leather, ICPI Division, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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8
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Nazhand A, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Mobilia MA, Omri B, Santini A. Rewiring cellular metabolism for heterologous biosynthesis of Taxol. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:110-121. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1630122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Nazhand
- Biotechnology Department, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Mazandaran, Sari, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Besma Omri
- Laboratory of Improvement & Integrated Development of Animal Productivity & Food Resources, Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur, University of Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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9
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Olivetti CE, Alvarez Echazú MI, Perna O, Perez CJ, Mitarotonda R, De Marzi M, Desimone MF, Alvarez GS. Dodecenylsuccinic anhydride modified collagen hydrogels loaded with simvastatin as skin wound dressings. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:1999-2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oriana Perna
- Facultad de Farmacia y BioquímicaUniversidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Claudio J. Perez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Grupo Ciencia y Tecnología de PolímerosUniversidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - Romina Mitarotonda
- Facultad de Farmacia y BioquímicaUniversidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
- Laboratorio de InmunologíaInstituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES) CONICET‐UNLu Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Mauricio De Marzi
- Laboratorio de InmunologíaInstituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES) CONICET‐UNLu Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Martín F. Desimone
- Facultad de Farmacia y BioquímicaUniversidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gisela S. Alvarez
- Facultad de Farmacia y BioquímicaUniversidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA) Buenos Aires Argentina
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10
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Lucarini M, Sciubba F, Capitani D, Di Cocco ME, D'Evoli L, Durazzo A, Delfini M, Lombardi Boccia G. Role of catechin on collagen type I stability upon oxidation: a NMR approach. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:53-62. [PMID: 30821504 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1570509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The study focuses on the understanding, at molecular level, the mechanism of interaction between protein and flavonoids. Collagen and catechin interactions were investigated by NMR in solution and solid state. The effect of catechin on the stability of collagen to oxidation was also explored. Collagen was treated with two concentrations of catechin solutions. Oxidation was carried out by incubation of collagen solution with three oxidation systems: Fe(II)/H2O2, Cu(II)/H2O2, and NaOCl/H2O2. The effects of oxidation systems were evaluated by high resolution 1 D and 2 D proton spectroscopy and solid state NMR (13C CP MAS) experiments. Interactions between collagen and catechin preferentially occur between catechin B ring and the amino acids Pro and Hyp of collagen. Results showed that both iron and copper oxidation systems were able to interact with collagen by site specific attack. Moreover, catechin protects collagen proline from oxidation by metal/H2O2 systems, preventing copper and iron approach to collagene molecule;this behaviour was more evident for the copper/H2O2 system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Sciubba
- Department of Chemistry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Capitani
- Magnetic Resonance Laboratory "Annalaura Segre", Institute of Chemical Methodologies, National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo (RM), Italy
| | | | - Laura D'Evoli
- CREA - Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Delfini
- Department of Chemistry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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11
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Zhang Z, Hou Z, Qiao C, Zhu C, Zhou K, Xu X, Li T, Xu J. Electrostatic and hydrophobic controlled self-assembly of PDMS-E grafted gelatin for self-cleaning application. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 171:647-655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Agbaje OBA, Ben Shir I, Zax DB, Schmidt A, Jacob DE. Biomacromolecules within bivalve shells: Is chitin abundant? Acta Biomater 2018; 80:176-187. [PMID: 30217589 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bivalve shells are inorganic-organic nanocomposites whose material properties outperform their purely inorganic mineral counterparts. Most typically the inorganic phase is a polymorph of CaCO3, while the organic phase contains biopolymers which have been presumed to be chitin and/or proteins. Identifying the biopolymer phase is therefore a crucial step in improving our understanding of design principles relevant to biominerals. In this work we study seven shells; four are examples of nacroprismatic shells (Alathyria jacksoni, Pinctada maxima, Hyriopsis cumingii and Cucumerunio novaehollandiae), one homogeneous (Arctica islandica), and two are crossed lamellar (Callista kingii, Tridacna gigas). Both intact shells, their organic extracts as isolated after decalcification in acid, and the periostracum overlay have been studied by solid-state CP-MAS NMR, FTIR, SEM and chemical analysis. In none of the shells examined in this work do we find a significant contribution to the organic fraction from chitin or its derivatives despite popular models of bivalve biomineralization which assume abundant chitin in the organic fraction of mollusk bivalve shells. In each of the nacroprismatic extracts the 13C NMR spectra represent similar proteinaceous material, Ala and Gly-rich and primarily organized as β-sheets. A different, yet highly conserved protein was found in the periostracum covering each of the three nacreous shells studied. The Arctica islandica shells with homogeneous microstructure contained proteins which do not appear to be silk-like, while in the crossed lamellar shells we extracted too little organic matter to characterize. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Hydrophobic macromolecules are structural components within the calcareous inorganic matrix of bivalve shells and are responsible for enhanced materials properties of the biominerals. Prevalent models suggest that chitin is such major hydrophobic component. Contrary to that we show that chitin is rare within the hydrophobic biopolymers which primarily consist of proteinaceous matter with structural motifs as silk-like β-sheets, or others yet to be determined. Recognizing that diverse proteinaceous motifs, devoid of abundant chitin, can yield the optimized mechanical properties of bivalve shells is critical both to understand the mechanistic pathways by which they regulate biomineralization and for the design of novel bioinspired materials.
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13
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Aliev AE, Bartók AP, Yates JR. Tin chemical shift anisotropy in tin dioxide: On ambiguity of CSA asymmetry derived from MAS spectra. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2018; 89:1-10. [PMID: 29202302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two different axial symmetries of the 119Sn chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) in tin dioxide with the asymmetry parameter (η) of 0 and 0.27 were reported previously based on the analysis of MAS NMR spectra. By analyzing the static powder pattern, we show that the 119Sn CSA is axially symmetric. A nearly axial symmetry and the principal axis system of the 119Sn chemical shift tensor in SnO2 were deduced from periodic scalar-relativistic density functional theory (DFT) calculations of NMR parameters. The implications of fast small-angle motions on CSA parameters were also considered, which could potentially lead to a CSA symmetry in disagreement with a crystal symmetry. Our analysis of experimental spectra using spectral simulations and iterative fittings showed that MAS spectra recorded at relatively high frequencies do not show sufficiently distinct features in order to distinguish CSAs with η ≈ 0 and η ≈ 0.4. The example of SnO2 shows that both the MAS lineshape and spinning sideband analyses may overestimate the η value by as much as ∼0.3 and ∼0.4, respectively. The results confirm that a static powder pattern must be analysed in order to improve the accuracy of the CSA asymmetry measurements. The measurements on SnO2 nanoparticles showed that the asymmetry parameter of the 119Sn CSA increases for nm-sized particles with a larger surface area compared to μm-sized particles. The increase of the η value for tin atoms near the surface in SnO2 was also confirmed by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abil E Aliev
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Albert P Bartók
- Scientific Computing Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Jonathan R Yates
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
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14
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Dhital B, Gul-E-Noor F, Downing KT, Hirsch S, Boutis GS. Pregnancy-Induced Dynamical and Structural Changes of Reproductive Tract Collagen. Biophys J 2017; 111:57-68. [PMID: 27410734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissues and organs of the female reproductive tract and pelvic floor undergo significant remodeling and alterations to allow for fetal growth and birth. In this work, we report on a study of the alterations of murine reproductive tract collagen resulting from pregnancy and parturition by spectrophotometry, histology, and (13)C, (2)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Four different cohorts of rats were investigated that included virgin, multiparous, two- and fourteen-day postpartum primiparous rats. (13)C CPMAS NMR revealed small chemical shift differences across the cohorts. The measured H-C internuclear correlation times indicated differences in dynamics of some motifs. However, the dynamics of the major amino acids, e.g., Gly, remained unaltered with respect to parity. (2)H NMR relaxation measurements revealed an additional water reservoir in the postpartum and multiparous cohorts pointing to redistribution of water due to pregnancy and/or parturition. Spectrophotometric measurements indicated that the collagen content in virgin rats was highest. Histological analysis of the upper vaginal wall indicated a signature of collagen fiber dissociation with smooth muscle and a change in the density of collagen fibers in multiparous rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basant Dhital
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Farhana Gul-E-Noor
- Department of Physics, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Keith T Downing
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Shari Hirsch
- Department of Physics, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Gregory S Boutis
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, New York; Department of Physics, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York.
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15
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Zhu L, Ilott AJ, Del Federico E, Kehlet C, Klokkernes T, Jerschow A. 1 H NMR study and multivariate data analysis of reindeer skin tanning methods. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:312-317. [PMID: 27654838 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Reindeer skin clothing has been an essential component in the lives of indigenous people of the arctic and sub-arctic regions, keeping them warm during harsh winters. However, the skin processing technology, which often conveys the history and tradition of the indigenous group, has not been well documented. In this study, NMR spectra and relaxation behaviors of reindeer skin samples treated with a variety of vegetable tannin extracts, oils and fatty substances are studied and compared. With the assistance of principal component analysis (PCA), one can recognize patterns and identify groupings of differently treated samples. These methods could be important aids in efforts to conserve museum leather artifacts with unknown treatment methods and in the analysis of reindeer skin tanning processes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J Ilott
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Cindie Kehlet
- Department of Mathematics and Science, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Alexej Jerschow
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Badea E, Şendrea C, Carşote C, Adams A, Blümich B, Iovu H. Unilateral NMR and thermal microscopy studies of vegetable tanned leather exposed to dehydrothermal treatment and light irradiation. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Mroue KH, Xu J, Zhu P, Morris MD, Ramamoorthy A. Selective detection and complete identification of triglycerides in cortical bone by high-resolution (1)H MAS NMR spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:18687-91. [PMID: 27374353 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03506j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using (1)H-based magic angle spinning solid-state NMR spectroscopy, we report an atomistic-level characterization of triglycerides in compact cortical bone. By suppressing contributions from immobile molecules present in bone, we show that a (1)H-based constant-time uniform-sign cross-peak (CTUC) two-dimensional COSY-type experiment that correlates the chemical shifts of protons can selectively detect a mobile triglyceride layer as the main component of small lipid droplets embedded on the surface of collagen fibrils. High sensitivity and resolution afforded by this NMR approach could be potentially utilized to investigate the origin of triglycerides and their pathological roles associated with bone fractures, diseases, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal H Mroue
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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18
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Ma YJ, Chang EY, Bydder GM, Du J. Can ultrashort-TE (UTE) MRI sequences on a 3-T clinical scanner detect signal directly from collagen protons: freeze-dry and D2 O exchange studies of cortical bone and Achilles tendon specimens. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:912-7. [PMID: 27148693 PMCID: PMC4909542 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ultrashort-TE (UTE) sequences can obtain signal directly from short-T2 , collagen-rich tissues. It is generally accepted that bound and free water can be detected with UTE techniques, but the ability to detect protons directly on the collagen molecule remains controversial. In this study, we investigated the potential of UTE sequences on a 3-T clinical scanner to detect collagen protons via freeze-drying and D2 O-H2 O exchange studies. Experiments were performed on bovine cortical bone and human Achilles tendon specimens, which were either subject to freeze-drying for over 66 h or D2 O-H2 O exchange for 6 days. Specimens were imaged using two- and three-dimensional UTE with Cones trajectory techniques with a minimum TE of 8 μs at 3 T. UTE images before treatment showed high signal from all specimens with bi-component T2 * behavior. Bovine cortical bone showed a shorter T2 * component of 0.36 ms and a longer T2 * component of 2.30 ms with fractions of 78.2% and 21.8% by volume, respectively. Achilles tendon showed a shorter T2 * component of 1.22 ms and a longer T2 * component of 15.1 ms with fractions of 81.1% and 18.9% by volume, respectively. Imaging after freeze-drying or D2 O-H2 O exchange resulted in either the absence or near-absence of signal. These results indicate that bound and free water are the sole sources of UTE signal in bovine cortical bone and human Achilles tendon samples on a clinical 3-T scanner. Protons on the native collagen molecule are not directly visible when imaged using UTE sequences. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA
- Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Graeme M. Bydder
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA
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19
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Aliev AE, Courtier-Murias D. Water scaffolding in collagen: Implications on protein dynamics as revealed by solid-state NMR. Biopolymers 2016; 101:246-56. [PMID: 23784805 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR studies of collagen samples of various origins confirm that the amplitude of collagen backbone and sidechain motions increases significantly on increasing the water content. This conclusion is supported by the changes observed in three different NMR observables: (i) the linewidth dependence on the 1H decoupling frequency; (ii) 13C CSA changes for the peptide carbonyl groups, and (iii) dephasing rates of 1H-13C dipolar couplings. In particular, a nearly threefold increase in motional amplitudes of the backbone librations about C-Cα or N-Cα bonds was found on increasing the added water content up to 47 wt%D2 O. On the basis of the frequencies of NMR observables involved, the timescale of the protein motions dependent on the added water content is estimated to be of the order of microseconds. This estimate agrees with that from wideline T2(1)H NMR measurements. Also, our wideline 1H NMR measurements revealed that the timescale of the microsecond motions in proteins reduces significantly on increasing the added water content, i.e., an ∼15-fold increase in protein motional frequencies is observed on increasing the added water content to 45 wt% D2 O. The observed changes in collagen dynamics is attributed to the increase in water translational diffusion on increasing the amount of added water, which leads to more frequent "bound water/free water" exchange on the protein surface, accompanied by the breakage and formation of new hydrogen bonds with polar functionalities of protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abil E Aliev
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
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20
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Singh C, Rai RK, Kayastha AM, Sinha N. Ultra fast magic angle spinning solid - state NMR spectroscopy of intact bone. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2016; 54:132-135. [PMID: 26352739 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultra fast magic angle spinning (MAS) has been a potent method to significantly average out homogeneous/inhomogeneous line broadening in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy. It has given a new direction to ssNMR spectroscopy with its different applications. We present here the first and foremost application of ultra fast MAS (~60 kHz) for ssNMR spectroscopy of intact bone. This methodology helps to comprehend and elucidate the organic content in the intact bone matrix with resolution and sensitivity enhancement. At this MAS speed, amino protons from organic part of intact bone start to appear in (1) H NMR spectra. The experimental protocol of ultra-high speed MAS for intact bone has been entailed with an additional insight achieved at 60 kHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Singh
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebarelly Road, Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ratan Kumar Rai
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebarelly Road, Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
| | - Arvind M Kayastha
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebarelly Road, Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
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21
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Rai RK, Singh C, Sinha N. Predominant role of water in native collagen assembly inside the bone matrix. J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:201-11. [PMID: 25530228 DOI: 10.1021/jp511288g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bone is one of the most intriguing biomaterials found in nature consisting of bundles of collagen helixes, hydroxyapatite, and water, forming an exceptionally tough, yet lightweight material. We present here an experimental tool to map water-dependent subtle changes in triple helical assembly of collagen protein in its absolute native environment. Collagen being the most abundant animal protein has been subject of several structural studies in last few decades, mostly on an extracted, overexpressed, and synthesized form of collagen protein. Our method is based on a (1)H detected solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) experiment performed on native collagen protein inside intact bone matrix. Recent development in (1)H homonuclear decoupling sequences has made it possible to observe specific atomic resolution in a large complex system. The method consists of observing a natural-abundance two-dimensional (2D) (1)H/(13)C heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) and(1)H double quantum-single quantum (DQ-SQ) correlation ssNMR experiment. The 2D NMR experiment maps three-dimensional assembly of native collagen protein and shows that extracted form of collagen protein is significantly different from protein in the native state. The method also captures native collagen subtle changes (of the order of ∼1.0 Å) due to dehydration and H/D exchange, giving an experimental tool to map small changes. The method has the potential to be of wide applicability to other collagen containing biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratan Kumar Rai
- Centre of Biomedical Research , SGPGIMS Campus, Raibarelly Road, Lucknow 226014, India
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22
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Mroue KH, Zhang R, Zhu P, McNerny E, Kohn DH, Morris MD, Ramamoorthy A. Acceleration of natural-abundance solid-state MAS NMR measurements on bone by paramagnetic relaxation from gadolinium-DTPA. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2014; 244:90-7. [PMID: 24881032 PMCID: PMC4094129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the data collection time without affecting the signal intensity and spectral resolution is one of the major challenges for the widespread application of multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, especially in experiments conducted on complex heterogeneous biological systems such as bone. In most of these experiments, the NMR data collection time is ultimately governed by the proton spin-lattice relaxation times (T1). For over two decades, gadolinium(III)-DTPA (Gd-DTPA, DTPA=Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) has been one of the most widely used contrast-enhancement agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, we demonstrate that Gd-DTPA can also be effectively used to enhance the longitudinal relaxation rates of protons in solid-state NMR experiments conducted on bone without significant line-broadening and chemical-shift-perturbation side effects. Using bovine cortical bone samples incubated in different concentrations of Gd-DTPA complex, the (1)H T1 values were calculated from data collected by (1)H spin-inversion recovery method detected in natural-abundance (13)C cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR experiments. Our results reveal that the (1)H T1 values can be successfully reduced by a factor of 3.5 using as low as 10mM Gd-DTPA without reducing the spectral resolution and thus enabling faster data acquisition of the (13)C CPMAS spectra. These results obtained from (13)C-detected CPMAS experiments were further confirmed using (1)H-detected ultrafast MAS experiments on Gd-DTPA doped bone samples. This approach considerably improves the signal-to-noise ratio per unit time of NMR experiments applied to bone samples by reducing the experimental time required to acquire the same number of scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal H Mroue
- Biophysics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, United States; Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, United States
| | - Rongchun Zhang
- Biophysics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, United States; Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, United States; School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Peizhi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, United States
| | - Erin McNerny
- School of Dentistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, United States
| | - David H Kohn
- School of Dentistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, United States
| | - Michael D Morris
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, United States
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, United States; Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, United States.
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23
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Chow WY, Rajan R, Muller KH, Reid DG, Skepper JN, Wong WC, Brooks RA, Green M, Bihan D, Farndale RW, Slatter DA, Shanahan CM, Duer MJ. NMR spectroscopy of native and in vitro tissues implicates polyADP ribose in biomineralization. Science 2014; 344:742-6. [PMID: 24833391 DOI: 10.1126/science.1248167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is useful to determine molecular structure in tissues grown in vitro only if their fidelity, relative to native tissue, can be established. Here, we use multidimensional NMR spectra of animal and in vitro model tissues as fingerprints of their respective molecular structures, allowing us to compare the intact tissues at atomic length scales. To obtain spectra from animal tissues, we developed a heavy mouse enriched by about 20% in the NMR-active isotopes carbon-13 and nitrogen-15. The resulting spectra allowed us to refine an in vitro model of developing bone and to probe its detailed structure. The identification of an unexpected molecule, poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose), that may be implicated in calcification of the bone matrix, illustrates the analytical power of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ying Chow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Rakesh Rajan
- Orthopaedic Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Karin H Muller
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - David G Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Jeremy N Skepper
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Wai Ching Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Roger A Brooks
- Orthopaedic Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Maggie Green
- Central Biomedical Resources, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, West Forvie Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Dominique Bihan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Richard W Farndale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - David A Slatter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Catherine M Shanahan
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Melinda J Duer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
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24
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Vyalikh A, Simon P, Rosseeva E, Buder J, Kniep R, Scheler U. Intergrowth and Interfacial Structure of Biomimetic Fluorapatite–Gelatin Nanocomposite: A Solid-State NMR Study. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:724-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jp410299x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Vyalikh
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul Simon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Elena Rosseeva
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- University of Konstanz, Physical Chemistry, POB 714, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jana Buder
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Kniep
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Scheler
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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25
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Nikel O, Laurencin D, McCallum SA, Gundberg CM, Vashishth D. NMR investigation of the role of osteocalcin and osteopontin at the organic-inorganic interface in bone. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:13873-82. [PMID: 24128197 PMCID: PMC3901427 DOI: 10.1021/la403203w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical resilience of bone tissue decreases with age. The ability to comprehensively probe and understand bone properties could help alleviate this problem. One important aspect of bone quality that has recently been made evident is the presence of dilatational bands formed by osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OPN), which contribute to fracture toughness. However, experimental evidence of the structural role of these two proteins at the organic-mineral interface in bone is still needed. Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) is emerging as a useful technique in probing molecular level aspects of bone. Here, we present the first SSNMR study of bone tissue from genetically modified mice lacking OC and/or OPN. Probing the mineral phase, the organic matrix and their interface revealed that, despite the absence of OC and OPN, the organic matrix and mineral were well preserved, and the overall exposure of collagen to hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles was hardly affected. However, the proximity to the HA surface was slightly increased for a number of bone components including less abundant amino acids like lysine, suggesting that this is how the tissue compensates for the lack of OC and OPN. Taken together, the NMR data supports the recently proposed model, in which the contribution of OC-OPN to fracture toughness is related to their presence at the extrafibrillar organic-mineral interfaces, where they reinforce the network of mineralized fibrils and form dilatational bands. In an effort toward further understanding the structural role of individual amino acids of low abundance in bone, we then explored the possibility of specific (13)C enrichment of mouse bone, and report the first SSNMR spectra of 97% (13)C lysine-enriched tissue. Results show that such isotopic enrichment allows valuable molecular-level structural information to be extracted, and sheds light on post-translational modifications undergone by specific amino acids in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Nikel
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, UMR 5253, CNRS-UM2-ENSCM-UM1, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Danielle Laurencin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, UMR 5253, CNRS-UM2-ENSCM-UM1, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Scott A. McCallum
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Caren M. Gundberg
- Yale School Of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
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26
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McElderry JDP, Zhu P, Mroue KH, Xu J, Pavan B, Fang M, Zhao G, McNerny E, Kohn DH, Franceschi RT, Holl MMB, Tecklenburg MM, Ramamoorthy A, Morris MD. Crystallinity and compositional changes in carbonated apatites: Evidence from 31P solid-state NMR, Raman, and AFM analysis. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2013; 206:10.1016/j.jssc.2013.08.011. [PMID: 24273344 PMCID: PMC3835554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state (magic-angle spinning) NMR spectroscopy is a useful tool for obtaining structural information on bone organic and mineral components and synthetic model minerals at the atomic-level. Raman and 31P NMR spectral parameters were investigated in a series of synthetic B-type carbonated apatites (CAps). Inverse 31P NMR linewidth and inverse Raman PO43- ν1 bandwidth were both correlated with powder XRD c-axis crystallinity over the 0.3-10.3 wt% CO32- range investigated. Comparison with bone powder crystallinities showed agreement with values predicted by NMR and Raman calibration curves. Carbonate content was divided into two domains by the 31P NMR chemical shift frequency and the Raman phosphate ν1 band position. These parameters remain stable except for an abrupt transition at 6.5 wt% carbonate, a composition which corresponds to an average of one carbonate per unit cell. This near-binary distribution of spectroscopic properties was also found in AFM-measured particle sizes and Ca/P molar ratios by elemental analysis. We propose that this transition differentiates between two charge-balancing ion-loss mechanisms as measured by Ca/P ratios. These results define a criterion for spectroscopic characterization of B-type carbonate substitution in apatitic minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peizhi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Kamal H. Mroue
- Department of Chemistry and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Jiadi Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Barbara Pavan
- Department of Chemistry and Science of Advanced Materials Program, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Ming Fang
- Department of Chemistry and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Guisheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Erin McNerny
- Department of Chemistry School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - David H. Kohn
- Department of Chemistry School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Renny T. Franceschi
- Department of Chemistry School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | | | - Mary M.J. Tecklenburg
- Department of Chemistry and Science of Advanced Materials Program, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Department of Chemistry and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Michael D. Morris
- Department of Chemistry and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
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27
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Aminova R, Galiullina L, Silkin N, Ulmetov A, Klochkov V, Aganov A. Investigation of complex formation between hydroxyapatite and fragments of collagen by NMR spectroscopy and quantum-chemical modeling. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Aliev AE, Kulke M, Khaneja HS, Chudasama V, Sheppard TD, Lanigan RM. Motional timescale predictions by molecular dynamics simulations: case study using proline and hydroxyproline sidechain dynamics. Proteins 2013; 82:195-215. [PMID: 23818175 PMCID: PMC4282583 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new approach for force field optimizations which aims at reproducing dynamics characteristics using biomolecular MD simulations, in addition to improved prediction of motionally averaged structural properties available from experiment. As the source of experimental data for dynamics fittings, we use 13C NMR spin-lattice relaxation times T1 of backbone and sidechain carbons, which allow to determine correlation times of both overall molecular and intramolecular motions. For structural fittings, we use motionally averaged experimental values of NMR J couplings. The proline residue and its derivative 4-hydroxyproline with relatively simple cyclic structure and sidechain dynamics were chosen for the assessment of the new approach in this work. Initially, grid search and simplexed MD simulations identified large number of parameter sets which fit equally well experimental J couplings. Using the Arrhenius-type relationship between the force constant and the correlation time, the available MD data for a series of parameter sets were analyzed to predict the value of the force constant that best reproduces experimental timescale of the sidechain dynamics. Verification of the new force-field (termed as AMBER99SB-ILDNP) against NMR J couplings and correlation times showed consistent and significant improvements compared to the original force field in reproducing both structural and dynamics properties. The results suggest that matching experimental timescales of motions together with motionally averaged characteristics is the valid approach for force field parameter optimization. Such a comprehensive approach is not restricted to cyclic residues and can be extended to other amino acid residues, as well as to the backbone. Proteins 2014; 82:195–215. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abil E Aliev
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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29
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Aliev AE, Courtier-Murias D. Concise NMR approach for molecular dynamics characterizations in organic solids. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:7855-62. [PMID: 23879450 DOI: 10.1021/jp4064005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics characterisations in solids can be carried out selectively using dipolar-dephasing experiments. Here we show that the introduction of a sum of Lorentzian and Gaussian functions greatly improve fittings of the "intensity versus time" data for protonated carbons in dipolar-dephasing experiments. The Lorentzian term accounts for remote intra- and intermolecular (1)H-(13)C dipole-dipole interactions, which vary from one molecule to another or for different carbons within the same molecule. Thus, by separating contributions from weak remote interactions, more accurate Gaussian decay constants, T(dd), can be extracted for directly bonded (1)H-(13)C dipole-dipole interactions. Reorientations of the (1)H-(13)C bonds lead to the increase of T(dd), and by measuring dipolar-dephasing constants, insight can be gained into dynamics in solids. We have demonstrated advantages of the method using comparative dynamics studies in the α and γ polymorphs of glycine, cyclic amino acids L-proline, DL-proline and trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, the Ala residue in different dipeptides, as well as adamantane and hexamethylenetetramine. It was possible to distinguish subtle differences in dynamics of different carbon sites within a molecule in polymorphs and in L- and DL-forms. The presence of overall molecular motions is shown to lead to particularly large differences in dipolar-dephasing experiments. The differences in dynamics can be attributed to differences in noncovalent interactions. In the case of hexamethylenetetramine, for example, the presence of C-H···N interactions leads to nearly rigid molecules. Overall, the method allows one to gain insight into the role of noncovalent interactions in solids and their influence on the molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abil E Aliev
- Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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Schütz R, Bertinetti L, Rabin I, Fratzl P, Masic A. Quantifying degradation of collagen in ancient manuscripts: the case of the Dead Sea Temple Scroll. Analyst 2013; 138:5594-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00609c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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De Sa Peixoto P, Laurent G, Azaïs T, Mosser G. Solid-state NMR study reveals collagen I structural modifications of amino acid side chains upon fibrillogenesis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:7528-7535. [PMID: 23341452 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.390146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo, collagen I, the major structural protein in human body, is found assembled into fibrils. In the present work, we study a high concentrated collagen sample in its soluble, fibrillar, and denatured states using one and two dimensional {(1)H}-(13)C solid-state NMR spectroscopy. We interpret (13)C chemical shift variations in terms of dihedral angle conformation changes. Our data show that fibrillogenesis increases the side chain and backbone structural complexity. Nevertheless, only three to five rotameric equilibria are found for each amino acid residue, indicating a relatively low structural heterogeneity of collagen upon fibrillogenesis. Using side chain statistical data, we calculate equilibrium constants for a great number of amino acid residues. Moreover, based on a (13)C quantitative spectrum, we estimate the percentage of residues implicated in each equilibrium. Our data indicate that fibril formation greatly affects hydroxyproline and proline prolyl pucker ring conformation. Finally, we discuss the implication of these structural data and propose a model in which the attractive force of fibrillogenesis comes from a structural reorganization of 10 to 15% of the amino acids. These results allow us to further understand the self-assembling process and fibrillar structure of collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo De Sa Peixoto
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UMR 7574 Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC)/Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/Collège de France, UPMC, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Laurent
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UMR 7574 Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC)/Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/Collège de France, UPMC, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Azaïs
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UMR 7574 Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC)/Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/Collège de France, UPMC, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gervaise Mosser
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UMR 7574 Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC)/Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/Collège de France, UPMC, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
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Abstract
Abstract
Gelatin films were prepared using different initial concentrations (1 to 30%) in H2O (w/v). The solid films were kept at four different environmental conditions at 20%, 43%, 75%, and 90% relative humidity, until complete equilibrium was achieved. Spin–spin relaxation (T
2) and spin–lattice relaxation (T
1) times of the samples were determined using a low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer operated at 40 MHz proton (1H) Larmor frequency and were correlated with the molecular mobility of the system influenced by the humidity conditions and initial concentration. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed as well to investigate the thermal properties of the samples. The results indicate an increase in molecular mobility of the gelatin films with the increase of storage humidity independent of the initial concentration and suggest that the dynamic of the films depends on the amount of the water in the amorphous region of the film.
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Mroue KH, MacKinnon N, Xu J, Zhu P, McNerny E, Kohn DH, Morris MD, Ramamoorthy A. High-resolution structural insights into bone: a solid-state NMR relaxation study utilizing paramagnetic doping. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:11656-61. [PMID: 22953757 PMCID: PMC3460063 DOI: 10.1021/jp307935g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The hierarchical heterogeneous architecture of bone imposes significant challenges to structural and dynamic studies conducted by traditional biophysical techniques. High-resolution solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy is capable of providing detailed atomic-level structural insights into such traditionally challenging materials. However, the relatively long data-collection time necessary to achieve a reliable signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) remains a major limitation for the widespread application of SSNMR on bone and related biomaterials. In this study, we attempt to overcome this limitation by employing the paramagnetic relaxation properties of copper(II) ions to shorten the (1)H intrinsic spin-lattice (T(1)) relaxation times measured in natural-abundance (13)C cross-polarization (CP) magic-angle-spinning (MAS) NMR experiments on bone tissues for the purpose of accelerating the data acquisition time in SSNMR. To this end, high-resolution solid-state (13)C CPMAS experiments were conducted on type I collagen (bovine tendon), bovine cortical bone, and demineralized bovine cortical bone, each in powdered form, to measure the (1)H T(1) values in the absence and in the presence of 30 mM Cu(II)(NH(4))(2)EDTA. Our results show that the (1)H T(1) values were successfully reduced by a factor of 2.2, 2.9, and 3.2 for bovine cortical bone, type I collagen, and demineralized bone, respectively, without reducing the spectral resolution and thus enabling faster data acquisition. In addition, paramagnetic quenching of particular (13)C NMR resonances on exposure to Cu(2+) ions in the absence of mineral was also observed, potentially suggesting the relative proximity of three main amino acids in the protein backbone (glycine, proline, and alanine) to the bone mineral surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal H. Mroue
- Biophysics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055, USA
| | - Neil MacKinnon
- Biophysics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055, USA
| | - Jiadi Xu
- Biophysics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055, USA
| | - Peizhi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055, USA
| | - Erin McNerny
- School of Dentistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055, USA
| | - David H. Kohn
- School of Dentistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055, USA
| | - Michael D. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055, USA
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055, USA
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Capitani D, Di Tullio V, Proietti N. Nuclear magnetic resonance to characterize and monitor Cultural Heritage. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 64:29-69. [PMID: 22578316 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Capitani
- Magnetic Resonance Laboratory Annalaura Segre, Institute of Chemical Methodologies, CNR Research Area of Rome, Via Salaria km. 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
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Courtier-Murias D, Farooq H, Masoom H, Botana A, Soong R, Longstaffe JG, Simpson MJ, Maas WE, Fey M, Andrew B, Struppe J, Hutchins H, Krishnamurthy S, Kumar R, Monette M, Stronks HJ, Hume A, Simpson AJ. Comprehensive multiphase NMR spectroscopy: basic experimental approaches to differentiate phases in heterogeneous samples. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2012; 217:61-76. [PMID: 22425441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous samples, such as soils, sediments, plants, tissues, foods and organisms, often contain liquid-, gel- and solid-like phases and it is the synergism between these phases that determine their environmental and biological properties. Studying each phase separately can perturb the sample, removing important structural information such as chemical interactions at the gel-solid interface, kinetics across boundaries and conformation in the natural state. In order to overcome these limitations a Comprehensive Multiphase-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CMP-NMR) probe has been developed, and is introduced here, that permits all bonds in all phases to be studied and differentiated in whole unaltered natural samples. The CMP-NMR probe is built with high power circuitry, Magic Angle Spinning (MAS), is fitted with a lock channel, pulse field gradients, and is fully susceptibility matched. Consequently, this novel NMR probe has to cover all HR-MAS aspects without compromising power handling to permit the full range of solution-, gel- and solid-state experiments available today. Using this technology, both structures and interactions can be studied independently in each phase as well as transfer/interactions between phases within a heterogeneous sample. This paper outlines some basic experimental approaches using a model heterogeneous multiphase sample containing liquid-, gel- and solid-like components in water, yielding separate (1)H and (13)C spectra for the different phases. In addition, (19)F performance is also addressed. To illustrate the capability of (19)F NMR soil samples, containing two different contaminants, are used, demonstrating a preliminary, but real-world application of this technology. This novel NMR approach possesses a great potential for the in situ study of natural samples in their native state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Courtier-Murias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
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Nikel O, Laurencin D, Bonhomme C, Sroga GE, Besdo S, Lorenz A, Vashishth D. Solid state NMR investigation of intact human bone quality: balancing issues and insight into the structure at the organic-mineral interface. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2012; 116:6320-6331. [PMID: 22822414 PMCID: PMC3399594 DOI: 10.1021/jp2125312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Age-related bone fragility fractures present a significant problem for public health. Measures of bone quality are increasingly recognized to complement the conventional bone mineral density (BMD) based assessment of fracture risk. The ability to probe and understand bone quality at the molecular level is desirable in order to unravel how the structure of organic matrix and its association with mineral contribute to the overall mechanical properties. The (13)C{(31)P} REDOR MAS NMR (Rotational Echo Double Resonance Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) technique is uniquely suited for the study of the structure of the organic-mineral interface in bone. For the first time, we have applied it successfully to analyze the structure of intact (non-powdered) human cortical bone samples, from young healthy and old osteoporotic donors. Loading problems associated with the rapid rotation of intact bone were solved using a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) approach, and a method allowing osteoporotic samples to be balanced and spun reproducibly is described. REDOR NMR parameters were set to allow insight into the arrangement of the amino acids at the mineral interface to be accessed, and SVD (Singular Value Decomposition) was applied to enhance the signal to noise ratio and enable a better analysis of the data. From the REDOR data, it was found that carbon atoms belonging to citrate/glucosaminoglycans (GAGs) are closest to the mineral surface regardless of age or site. In contrast, the arrangement of the collagen backbone at the interface varied with site and age. The relative proximity of two of the main amino acids in bone matrix proteins, hydroxyproline and alanine, with respect to the mineral phase was analyzed in more detail, and discussed in view of glycation measurements which were carried out on the tissues. Overall, this work shows that the (13)C{(31)P} REDOR NMR approach could be used as a complementary technique to assess a novel aspect of bone quality, the organic-mineral interface structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Nikel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, UMR 5253, CNRS-UM2-ENSCM-UM1, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Danielle Laurencin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier, UMR 5253, CNRS-UM2-ENSCM-UM1, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Bonhomme
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UMR 7574, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Grażyna E. Sroga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Silke Besdo
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UMR 7574, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Anna Lorenz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
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Reiter DA, Irrechukwu O, Lin PC, Moghadam S, Von Thaer S, Pleshko N, Spencer RG. Improved MR-based characterization of engineered cartilage using multiexponential T2 relaxation and multivariate analysis. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2012; 25:476-88. [PMID: 22287335 PMCID: PMC3366280 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive monitoring of tissue quality would be of substantial use in the development of cartilage tissue engineering strategies. Conventional MR parameters provide noninvasive measures of biophysical tissue properties and are sensitive to changes in matrix development, but do not clearly distinguish between groups with different levels of matrix development. Furthermore, MR outcomes are nonspecific, with particular changes in matrix components resulting in changes in multiple MR parameters. To address these limitations, we present two new approaches for the evaluation of tissue engineered constructs using MR, and apply them to immature and mature engineered cartilage after 1 and 5 weeks of development, respectively. First, we applied multiexponential T(2) analysis for the quantification of matrix macromolecule-associated water compartments. Second, we applied multivariate support vector machine analysis using multiple MR parameters to improve detection of degree of matrix development. Monoexponential T(2) values decreased with maturation, but without further specificity. Much more specific information was provided by multiexponential analysis. The T(2) distribution in both immature and mature constructs was qualitatively comparable to that of native cartilage. The analysis showed that proteoglycan-bound water increased significantly during maturation, from a fraction of 0.05 ± 0.01 to 0.07 ± 0.01. Classification of samples based on individual MR parameters, T(1), T(2), k(m) or apparent diffusion coefficient, showed that the best classifiers were T(1) and k(m), with classification accuracies of 85% and 84%, respectively. Support vector machine analysis improved the accuracy to 98% using the combination (k(m), apparent diffusion coefficient). These approaches were validated using biochemical and Fourier transform infrared imaging spectroscopic analyses, which showed increased proteoglycan and collagen with maturation. In summary, multiexponential T(2) and multivariate support vector machine analyses provide improved sensitivity to changes in matrix development and specificity to matrix composition in tissue engineered cartilage. These approaches show substantial potential for the evaluation of engineered cartilage tissue and for extension to other tissue engineering constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Reiter
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21225, USA.
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Chow WY, Taylor AM, Reid DG, Gallagher JA, Duer MJ. Collagen atomic scale molecular disorder in ochronotic cartilage from an alkaptonuria patient, observed by solid state NMR. J Inherit Metab Dis 2011; 34:1137-40. [PMID: 21735270 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-011-9373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In pilot studies of the usefulness of solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in characterizing chemical and molecular structural effects of alkaptonuria on connective tissue, we have obtained (13) C spectra from articular cartilage from an AKU patient. An apparently normal anatomical location yielded a cross polarization magic angle spinning spectrum resembling literature spectra and dominated by collagen and glycosaminoglycan signals. All spectral linewidths from strongly pigmented ochronotic cartilage however were considerably increased relative to the control indicating a marked increase in collagen molecular disorder. This disordering of cartilage structural protein parallels, at the atomic level, the disordering revealed at higher length scales by microscopy. We also demonstrate that the abnormal spectra from ochronotic cartilage fit with the abnormality in the structure of collagen fibres at the ultrastructural level, whereby large ochronotic deposits appear to alter the structure of the collagen fibre by invasion and cross linking. SUMMARY Increased signal linewidths in solid state NMR spectra of ochronotic articular cartilage from an AKU patient relative to linewidths in normal, control, cartilage reveals a marked decrease in collagen molecular order in the diseased tissue. This atomic level disordering parallels higher length scale disorder revealed by microscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Ying Chow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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Reiter DA, Roque RA, Lin PC, Doty SB, Pleshko N, Spencer RG. Improved specificity of cartilage matrix evaluation using multiexponential transverse relaxation analysis applied to pathomimetically degraded cartilage. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2011; 24:1286-94. [PMID: 21465593 PMCID: PMC3487711 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The noninvasive early detection of specific matrix alterations in degenerative cartilage disease would be of substantial use in basic science studies and clinically, but remains an elusive goal. Recently developed MRI methods exhibit some specificity, but require contrast agents or nonstandard pulse sequences and hardware. We present a multiexponential approach which does not require contrast agents or specialized hardware, and uses a standard multiple-echo spin-echo sequence. Experiments were performed on tissue models of degenerative cartilage using enzymes with distinct actions. MR results were validated using histologic, biochemical and infrared spectroscopic analyses. The sulfated glycosaminoglycan per dry weight (dw) in bovine nasal cartilage was 0.72 ± 0.06 mg/mg dw and was reduced through chondroitinase AC and collagenase digestion to 0.56 ± 0.12 and 0.58 ± 0.13 mg/mg dw, respectively. Multiexponential analysis of data obtained at 9.4 T permitted the identification of tissue compartments assigned to the proteoglycan component of the matrix and to bulk water. Enzymatic treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the ratio of proteoglycan-bound to free water from 0.13 ± 0.02 in control cartilage to 0.03 ± 0.02 and 0.05 ± 0.06 under chondroitinase AC and collagenase treatment, respectively. As expected, monoexponential T(2) increased with both degradation protocols, but without further specificity to the nature of the degradation. An important eventual extension of this approach may be to map articular cartilage degeneration in the clinical setting. As an initial step towards this, localized multiexponential T(2) analysis was performed on control and trypsin treated excised bovine patella. The results obtained on this articular cartilage sample were readily interpretable in terms of proteoglycan-associated and relatively free water compartments. In potential clinical applications, signal-to-noise ratio constraints will define the threshold for the detection of macromolecular compartment changes at a given spatial scale. The multiexponential approach has potential application to the early detection of cartilage degradation with the use of appropriate pulse parameters under high signal-to-noise ratio conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Reiter
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Section, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes on Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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PEI Y, ZHANG L, WANG H, ZHANG X, XU M. SUPERMOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF CELLULOSE/GELATIN COMPOSITE FILMS. ACTA POLYM SIN 2011. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2011.11143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Solid-state and unilateral NMR study of deterioration of a Dead Sea Scroll fragment. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:1551-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Aliev AE, Mann SE, Iuga D, Hughes CE, Harris KDM. Natural-Abundance Solid-State 2H NMR Spectroscopy at High Magnetic Field. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:5568-78. [DOI: 10.1021/jp202810k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abil E. Aliev
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Sam E. Mann
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Dinu Iuga
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Colan E. Hughes
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, U.K
| | - Kenneth D. M. Harris
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, U.K
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Reiter DA, Roque RA, Lin PC, Irrechukwu O, Doty S, Longo DL, Pleshko N, Spencer RG. Mapping proteoglycan-bound water in cartilage: Improved specificity of matrix assessment using multiexponential transverse relaxation analysis. Magn Reson Med 2011; 65:377-84. [PMID: 21264931 PMCID: PMC3350808 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Association of MR parameters with cartilage matrix components remains an area of ongoing investigation. Multiexponential analysis of nonlocalized transverse relaxation data has previously been used to quantify water compartments associated with matrix macromolecules in cartilage. We extend this to mapping the proteoglycan (PG)-bound water fraction in cartilage, using mature and young bovine nasal cartilage model systems, toward the goal of matrix component-specific imaging. PG-bound water fraction from mature and young bovine nasal cartilage was 0.31 ± 0.04 and 0.22 ± 0.06, respectively, in agreement with biochemically derived PG content and PG-to-water weight ratios. Fourier transform infrared imaging spectroscopic-derived PG maps normalized by water content (IR-PG(ww) ) showed spatial correspondence with PG-bound water fraction maps. Extensive simulation analysis demonstrated that the accuracy and precision of our determination of PG-bound water fraction was within 2%, which is well-within the observed tissue differences. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of performing imaging-based multiexponential analysis of transverse relaxation data to map PG in cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Reiter
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Tannin fingerprinting in vegetable tanned leather by solid state NMR spectroscopy and comparison with leathers tanned by other processes. Molecules 2011; 16:1240-52. [PMID: 21278677 PMCID: PMC6259749 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16021240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid state 13C-NMR spectra of pure tannin powders from four different sources – mimosa, quebracho, chestnut and tara – are readily distinguishable from each other, both in pure commercial powder form, and in leather which they have been used to tan. Groups of signals indicative of the source, and type (condensed vs. hydrolyzable) of tannin used in the manufacture are well resolved in the spectra of the finished leathers. These fingerprints are compared with those arising from leathers tanned with other common tanning agents. Paramagnetic chromium (III) tanning causes widespread but selective disappearance of signals from the spectrum of leather collagen, including resonances from acidic aspartyl and glutamyl residues, likely bound to Cr (III) structures. Aluminium (III) and glutaraldehyde tanning both cause considerable leather collagen signal sharpening suggesting some increase in molecular structural ordering. The 27Al-NMR signal from the former material is consistent with an octahedral coordination by oxygen ligands. Solid state NMR thus provides easily recognisable reagent specific spectral fingerprints of the products of vegetable and some other common tanning processes. Because spectra are related to molecular properties, NMR is potentially a powerful tool in leather process enhancement and quality or provenance assurance.
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Aliev AE, Courtier-Murias D. Experimental verification of force fields for molecular dynamics simulations using Gly-Pro-Gly-Gly. J Phys Chem B 2011; 114:12358-75. [PMID: 20825228 DOI: 10.1021/jp101581h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Experimental NMR verification of MD simulations using 12 different force fields (AMBER, CHARMM, GROMOS, and OPLS-AA) and 5 different water models has been undertaken to identify reliable MD protocols for structure and dynamics elucidations of small open chain peptides containing Gly and Pro. A conformationally flexible tetrapeptide Gly-Pro-Gly-Gly was selected for NMR (3)J-coupling, chemical shift, and internuclear distance measurements, followed by their calculations using 2 μs long MD simulations in water. In addition, Ramachandran population maps for Pro-2 and Gly-3 residues of GPGG obtained from MD simulations were used for detailed comparisons with similar maps from the protein data bank (PDB) for large number of Gly and Pro residues in proteins. The MD simulations revealed strong dependence of the populations and geometries of preferred backbone and side chain conformations, as well as the time scales of the peptide torsional transitions on the force field used. On the basis of the analysis of the measured and calculated data, AMBER99SB is identified as the most reliable force field for reproducing NMR measured parameters, which are dependent on the peptide backbone and the Pro side chain geometries and dynamics. Ramachandran maps showing the dependence of conformational populations as a function of backbone ϕ/ψ angles for Pro-2 and Gly-3 residues of GPGG from MD simulations using AMBER99SB, AMBER03, and CHARMM were found to resemble similar maps for Gly and Pro residues from the PDB survey. Three force fields (AMBER99, AMBER99ϕ, and AMBER94) showed the least satisfactory agreement with both the solution NMR and the PDB survey data. The poor performance of these force fields is attributed to their propensity to overstabilize helical peptide backbone conformations at the Pro-2 and Gly-3 residues. On the basis of the similarity of the MD and PDB Ramachandran plots, the following sequence of transitions is suggested for the Gly backbone conformation: α(L) ⇆ β(PR) ⇆ β(S) ⇆ β(P) ⇆ α, where backbone secondary structures α(L) and α are associated with helices and turns, β(P) and β(PR) correspond to the left- and right-handed polyproline II structures and β(S) denotes the fully stretched backbone conformation. Compared to the force field dependence, less significant, but noteworthy, variations in the populations of the peptide backbone conformations were observed. For different solvent models considered, a correlation was noted between the number of torsional transitions in GPGG and the water self-diffusion coefficient on using TIP3P, TIP4P, and TIP5P models. In addition to MD results, we also report DFT derived Karplus relationships for Gly and Pro residues using B972 and B3LYP functionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abil E Aliev
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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deAzevedo ER, Ayrosa AMIB, Faria GC, Cervantes HJ, Huster D, Bonagamba TJ, Pitombo RNM, Rabbani SR. The effects of anticalcification treatments and hydration on the molecular dynamics of bovine pericardium collagen as revealed by 13C solid-state NMR. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2010; 48:704-711. [PMID: 20641133 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This article describes a solid-state NMR (SSNMR) investigation of the influence of hydration and chemical cross-linking on the molecular dynamics of the constituents of the bovine pericardium (BP) tissues and its relation to the mechanical properties of the tissue. Samples of natural phenethylamine-diepoxide (DE)- and glutaraldehyde (GL)-fixed BP were investigated by (13)C cross-polarization SSNMR to probe the dynamics of the collagen, and the results were correlated to the mechanical properties of the tissues, probed by dynamical mechanical analysis. For samples of natural BP, the NMR results show that the higher the hydration level the more pronounced the molecular dynamics of the collagen backbone and sidechains, decreasing the tissue's elastic modulus. In contrast, in DE- and GL-treated samples, the collagen molecules are more rigid, and the hydration seems to be less effective in increasing the collagen molecular dynamics and reducing the mechanical strength of the samples. This is mostly attributed to the presence of cross-links between the collagen plates, which renders the collagen mobility less dependent on the water absorption in chemically treated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R deAzevedo
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Zhu P, Xu J, Sahar N, Morris MD, Kohn DH, Ramamoorthy A. Time-resolved dehydration-induced structural changes in an intact bovine cortical bone revealed by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 131:17064-5. [PMID: 19894735 DOI: 10.1021/ja9081028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the structure and structural changes of bone, a highly heterogeneous material with a complex hierarchical architecture, continues to be a significant challenge even for high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy. While it is known that dehydration affects mechanical properties of bone by decreasing its strength and toughness, the underlying structural mechanism at the atomic level is unknown. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy, controlled dehydration, and H/D exchange were used for the first time to reveal the structural changes of an intact piece of bovine cortical bone. (1)H spectra were used to monitor the dehydration of the bone inside the rotor, and high-resolution (13)C chemical shift spectra obtained under magic-angle spinning were used evaluate the dehydration-induced conformational changes in the bone. The experiments revealed the slow denaturation of collagen due to dehydration while the trans-Xaa-Pro conformation in collagen remained unchanged. Our results suggest that glycosaminoglycans in the collagen fiber and mineral interface may chelate with a Ca(2+) ion present on the surface of the mineral through sulfate or carboxylate groups. These results provide insights into the role of water molecules in the bone structure and shed light on the relationship between the structure and mechanics of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Ghoshal S, Mattea C, Stapf S. Inhomogeneity in the drying process of gelatin film formation: NMR microscopy and relaxation study. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Duer MJ, Friscić T, Murray RC, Reid DG, Wise ER. The mineral phase of calcified cartilage: its molecular structure and interface with the organic matrix. Biophys J 2009; 96:3372-8. [PMID: 19383480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.3954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the atomic level structure of mineralized articular cartilage with heteronuclear solid-state NMR, our aims being to identify the inorganic species present at the surfaces of the mineral crystals which may interact with the surrounding organic matrix and to determine which components of the organic matrix are most closely involved with the mineral crystals. One-dimensional (1)H and (31)P and two-dimensional (1)H-(31)P heteronuclear correlation NMR experiments show that the mineral component is very similar to that in bone with regard to its surface structure. (13)C{(31)P} rotational echo double resonance experiments identify the organic molecules at the mineral surface as glycosaminoglycans, which concurs with our recent finding in bone. There is also evidence of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues interacting with the mineral. However, other matrix components appear more distant from the mineral compared with bone. This may be due to a larger hydration layer on the mineral crystal surfaces in calcified cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda J Duer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Bardet M, Gerbaud G, Le Pape L, Hediger S, Trân QK, Boumlil N. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance as Analytical Tools To Investigate Structural Features of Archaeological Leathers. Anal Chem 2009; 81:1505-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ac802052a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bardet
- Laboratoire de Résonances Magnétiques, INAC, SCIB, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, iRTSV, ARC-Nucléart, CEA, F-38054 Grenoble, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie (UMR 5182 CNRS/ENS), Laboratoire de Recherche Conventionné du CEA (DSM-04-32), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69364, France
| | - Guillaume Gerbaud
- Laboratoire de Résonances Magnétiques, INAC, SCIB, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, iRTSV, ARC-Nucléart, CEA, F-38054 Grenoble, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie (UMR 5182 CNRS/ENS), Laboratoire de Recherche Conventionné du CEA (DSM-04-32), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69364, France
| | - Laurent Le Pape
- Laboratoire de Résonances Magnétiques, INAC, SCIB, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, iRTSV, ARC-Nucléart, CEA, F-38054 Grenoble, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie (UMR 5182 CNRS/ENS), Laboratoire de Recherche Conventionné du CEA (DSM-04-32), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69364, France
| | - Sabine Hediger
- Laboratoire de Résonances Magnétiques, INAC, SCIB, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, iRTSV, ARC-Nucléart, CEA, F-38054 Grenoble, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie (UMR 5182 CNRS/ENS), Laboratoire de Recherche Conventionné du CEA (DSM-04-32), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69364, France
| | - Quôc-Khôi Trân
- Laboratoire de Résonances Magnétiques, INAC, SCIB, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, iRTSV, ARC-Nucléart, CEA, F-38054 Grenoble, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie (UMR 5182 CNRS/ENS), Laboratoire de Recherche Conventionné du CEA (DSM-04-32), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69364, France
| | - Nébia Boumlil
- Laboratoire de Résonances Magnétiques, INAC, SCIB, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, iRTSV, ARC-Nucléart, CEA, F-38054 Grenoble, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie (UMR 5182 CNRS/ENS), Laboratoire de Recherche Conventionné du CEA (DSM-04-32), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69364, France
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