1
|
Seo J, Saha S, Brown ME. The past, present, and future promise of pluripotent stem cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 22-23:100077. [PMID: 38706532 PMCID: PMC11065261 DOI: 10.1016/j.regen.2024.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew E. Brown
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kambis TN, Mishra PK. Genome Editing and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1396:103-114. [PMID: 36454462 PMCID: PMC10155862 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-5642-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Differential gene expression is associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy (DMCM) and culminates in adverse remodeling in the diabetic heart. Genome editing is a technology utilized to alter endogenous genes. Genome editing also provides an option to induce cardioprotective genes or inhibit genes linked to adverse cardiac remodeling and thus has promise in ameliorating DMCM. Non-coding genes have emerged as novel regulators of cellular signaling and may serve as potential therapeutic targets for DMCM. Specifically, there is a widespread change in the gene expression of fetal cardiac genes and microRNAs, termed genetic reprogramming, that promotes pathological remodeling and contributes to heart failure in diabetes. This genetic reprogramming of both coding and non-coding genes varies with the progression and severity of DMCM. Thus, genetic editing provides a promising option to investigate the role of specific genes/non-coding RNAs in DMCM initiation and progression as well as developing therapeutics to mitigate cardiac remodeling and ameliorate DMCM. This chapter will summarize the research progress in genome editing and DMCM and provide future directions for utilizing genome editing as an approach to prevent and/or treat DMCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler N Kambis
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Paras K Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Giallongo S, Lo Re O, Resnick I, Raffaele M, Vinciguerra M. Gene Editing and Human iPSCs in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1396:275-298. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-5642-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
|
4
|
Chen Y, Wen R, Yang Z, Chen Z. Genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 to treat hereditary hematological disorders. Gene Ther 2022; 29:207-216. [PMID: 33750926 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-021-00247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system is a versatile and convenient genome-editing tool with prospects in gene therapy. This technique is based on customized site-specific nucleases with programmable guiding RNAs that cleave and introduce double-strand breaks (DSBs) at the target locus and achieve precise genome modification by triggering DNA repair mechanisms. Human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are conventional cell targets for gene therapy in hematological diseases and have been widely used in most studies. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be generated from a variety of somatic cells and hold great promise for personalized cell-based therapies. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in autologous HSPCs and iPSCs is an ideal therapeutic solution for treating hereditary hematological disorders. Here, we review and summarize the latest studies about CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in patient-derived HSPCs and iPSCs to treat hereditary hematological disorders. Current challenges and prospects are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Ruiting Wen
- Department of Hematology, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
- Department of Hematology, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Zhanghui Chen
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Naik BJ, Shimoga G, Kim SC, Manjulatha M, Subramanyam Reddy C, Palem RR, Kumar M, Kim SY, Lee SH. CRISPR/Cas9 and Nanotechnology Pertinence in Agricultural Crop Refinement. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:843575. [PMID: 35463432 PMCID: PMC9024397 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.843575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9) method is a versatile technique that can be applied in crop refinement. Currently, the main reasons for declining agricultural yield are global warming, low rainfall, biotic and abiotic stresses, in addition to soil fertility issues caused by the use of harmful chemicals as fertilizers/additives. The declining yields can lead to inadequate supply of nutritional food as per global demand. Grains and horticultural crops including fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants are crucial in sustaining human life. Genomic editing using CRISPR/Cas9 and nanotechnology has numerous advantages in crop development. Improving crop production using transgenic-free CRISPR/Cas9 technology and produced fertilizers, pesticides, and boosters for plants by adopting nanotechnology-based protocols can essentially overcome the universal food scarcity. This review briefly gives an overview on the potential applications of CRISPR/Cas9 and nanotechnology-based methods in developing the cultivation of major agricultural crops. In addition, the limitations and major challenges of genome editing in grains, vegetables, and fruits have been discussed in detail by emphasizing its applications in crop refinement strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Banavath Jayanna Naik
- Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeju, South Korea
| | - Ganesh Shimoga
- Interaction Laboratory, Future Convergence Engineering, Advanced Technology Research Center, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - Seong-Cheol Kim
- Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeju, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Manu Kumar
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Youn Kim
- Interaction Laboratory, Future Convergence Engineering, Advanced Technology Research Center, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - Soo-Hong Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Tool for Modeling Hematologic Disorders and as a Potential Source for Cell-Based Therapies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113250. [PMID: 34831472 PMCID: PMC8623953 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The breakthrough in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has revolutionized the field of biomedical and pharmaceutical research and opened up vast opportunities for drug discovery and regenerative medicine, especially when combined with gene-editing technology. Numerous healthy and patient-derived hiPSCs for human disease modeling have been established, enabling mechanistic studies of pathogenesis, platforms for preclinical drug screening, and the development of novel therapeutic targets/approaches. Additionally, hiPSCs hold great promise for cell-based therapy, serving as an attractive cell source for generating stem/progenitor cells or functional differentiated cells for degenerative diseases, due to their unlimited proliferative capacity, pluripotency, and ethical acceptability. In this review, we provide an overview of hiPSCs and their utility in the study of hematologic disorders through hematopoietic differentiation. We highlight recent hereditary and acquired genetic hematologic disease modeling with patient-specific iPSCs, and discuss their applications as instrumental drug screening tools. The clinical applications of hiPSCs in cell-based therapy, including the next-generation cancer immunotherapy, are provided. Lastly, we discuss the current challenges that need to be addressed to fulfill the validity of hiPSC-based disease modeling and future perspectives of hiPSCs in the field of hematology.
Collapse
|
7
|
Applications of piggyBac Transposons for Genome Manipulation in Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:3829286. [PMID: 34567130 PMCID: PMC8460389 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3829286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposons are mobile genetic elements in the genome. The piggyBac (PB) transposon system is increasingly being used for stem cell research due to its high transposition efficiency and seamless excision capacity. Over the past few decades, forward genetic screens based on PB transposons have been successfully established to identify genes associated with drug resistance and stem cell-related characteristics. Moreover, PB transposon is regarded as a promising gene therapy vector and has been used in some clinically relevant stem cells. Here, we review the recent progress on the basic biology of PB, highlight its applications in current stem cell research, and discuss its advantages and challenges.
Collapse
|
8
|
González Castro N, Bjelic J, Malhotra G, Huang C, Alsaffar SH. Comparison of the Feasibility, Efficiency, and Safety of Genome Editing Technologies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10355. [PMID: 34638696 PMCID: PMC8509008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in programmable nucleases including meganucleases (MNs), zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas (CRISPR-Cas) have propelled genome editing from explorative research to clinical and industrial settings. Each technology, however, features distinct modes of action that unevenly impact their applicability across the entire genome and are often tested under significantly different conditions. While CRISPR-Cas is currently leading the field due to its versatility, quick adoption, and high degree of support, it is not without limitations. Currently, no technology can be regarded as ideal or even applicable to every case as the context dictates the best approach for genetic modification within a target organism. In this review, we implement a four-pillar framework (context, feasibility, efficiency, and safety) to assess the main genome editing platforms, as a basis for rational decision-making by an expanding base of users, regulators, and consumers. Beyond carefully considering their specific use case with the assessment framework proposed here, we urge stakeholders interested in genome editing to independently validate the parameters of their chosen platform prior to commitment. Furthermore, safety across all applications, particularly in clinical settings, is a paramount consideration and comprehensive off-target detection strategies should be incorporated within workflows to address this. Often neglected aspects such as immunogenicity and the inadvertent selection of mutants deficient for DNA repair pathways must also be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás González Castro
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia; (N.G.C.); (G.M.); (C.H.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Jan Bjelic
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia; (N.G.C.); (G.M.); (C.H.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Gunya Malhotra
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia; (N.G.C.); (G.M.); (C.H.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Cong Huang
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia; (N.G.C.); (G.M.); (C.H.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Salman Hasan Alsaffar
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia; (N.G.C.); (G.M.); (C.H.); (S.H.A.)
- Biotechnology Department, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Shuwaikh 13109, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Karamperis K, Tsoumpeli MT, Kounelis F, Koromina M, Mitropoulou C, Moutinho C, Patrinos GP. Genome-based therapeutic interventions for β-type hemoglobinopathies. Hum Genomics 2021; 15:32. [PMID: 34090531 PMCID: PMC8178887 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-021-00329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, various strategies have been proposed to solve the enigma of hemoglobinopathies, especially severe cases. However, most of them seem to be lagging in terms of effectiveness and safety. So far, the most prevalent and promising treatment options for patients with β-types hemoglobinopathies, among others, predominantly include drug treatment and gene therapy. Despite the significant improvements of such interventions to the patient's quality of life, a variable response has been demonstrated among different groups of patients and populations. This is essentially due to the complexity of the disease and other genetic factors. In recent years, a more in-depth understanding of the molecular basis of the β-type hemoglobinopathies has led to significant upgrades to the current technologies, as well as the addition of new ones attempting to elucidate these barriers. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to shed light on pharmacogenomics, gene addition, and genome editing technologies, and consequently, their potential use as direct and indirect genome-based interventions, in different strategies, referring to drug and gene therapy. Furthermore, all the latest progress, updates, and scientific achievements for patients with β-type hemoglobinopathies will be described in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kariofyllis Karamperis
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- The Golden Helix Foundation, London, UK
| | - Maria T Tsoumpeli
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Fotios Kounelis
- Department of Computing, Group of Large-Scale Data & Systems, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Koromina
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Catia Moutinho
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
| | - George P Patrinos
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- Zayed Center of Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Drysdale CM, Nassehi T, Gamer J, Yapundich M, Tisdale JF, Uchida N. Hematopoietic-Stem-Cell-Targeted Gene-Addition and Gene-Editing Strategies for β-hemoglobinopathies. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:191-208. [PMID: 33545079 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by a well-defined point mutation in the β-globin gene and therefore is an optimal target for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene-addition/editing therapy. In HSC gene-addition therapy, a therapeutic β-globin gene is integrated into patient HSCs via lentiviral transduction, resulting in long-term phenotypic correction. State-of-the-art gene-editing technology has made it possible to repair the β-globin mutation in patient HSCs or target genetic loci associated with reactivation of endogenous γ-globin expression. With both approaches showing signs of therapeutic efficacy in patients, we discuss current genetic treatments, challenges, and technical advances in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Drysdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tina Nassehi
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jackson Gamer
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Morgan Yapundich
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John F Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Brusson M, Miccio A. Genome editing approaches to β-hemoglobinopathies. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 182:153-183. [PMID: 34175041 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
β-hemoglobinopathies are the most common monogenic disorders worldwide and are caused by mutations in the β-globin locus altering the production of adult hemoglobin (HbA). Transplantation of autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) corrected by lentiviral vector-mediated addition of a functional β-like globin raised new hopes to treat sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia patients; however, the low expression of the therapeutic gene per vector copy is often not sufficient to fully correct the patients with a severe clinical phenotype. Recent advances in the genome editing field brought new possibilities to cure β-hemoglobinopathies by allowing the direct modification of specific endogenous loci. Double-strand breaks (DSBs)-inducing nucleases (i.e., ZFNs, TALENs and CRISPR-Cas9) or DSB-free tools (i.e., base and prime editing) have been used to directly correct the disease-causing mutations, restoring HbA expression, or to reactivate the expression of the fetal hemoglobin (HbF), which is known to alleviate clinical symptoms of β-hemoglobinopathy patients. Here, we describe the different genome editing tools, their application to develop therapeutic approaches to β-hemoglobinopathies and ongoing clinical trials using genome editing strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mégane Brusson
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation During Development, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France.
| | - Annarita Miccio
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation During Development, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Endo M, Iwakami S, Toki S. Precision genome editing in plants via gene targeting and subsequent break-induced single-strand annealing. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:563-574. [PMID: 33001567 PMCID: PMC7955887 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing via artificial nucleases such as CRISPR/Cas9 has become popular in plants now. However, small insertions or deletions are major mutations and nucleotide substitutions rarely occur when DNA cleavage is induced. To induce nucleotide substitutions, a base editor utilizing dead or nickase-type Cas9 fused with deaminase have been developed. However, the direction and position of practical substitution are still limited. In this context, homologous recombination (HR)-mediated gene targeting (GT) has advantages because any mutations existing on the donor DNA are copied and passed onto the endogenous DNA. As HR-mediated GT is extremely rare in higher plants, positive-negative selection has been used to isolate cells in which GT has occurred. After successful selection, positive selection marker is no longer needed and should ideally be eliminated. In a previous study, we reported a seamless piggyBac-transposon-mediated marker elimination system. Precision marker elimination efficiency in this system is very high. The piggyBac transposon integrates into the host genome at TTAA elements and excises without leaving a footprint at the excised site, so a TTAA sequence is necessary at the location of a positive selection marker. To compensate for this limitation, we have developed a novel marker elimination system using an I-SceI break and subsequent single-strand annealing (SSA)-mediated DNA repair system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Endo
- Plant Genome Engineering Research UnitInstitute of Agrobiological SciencesNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaJapan
| | | | - Seiichi Toki
- Plant Genome Engineering Research UnitInstitute of Agrobiological SciencesNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaJapan
- Graduate School of NanobioscienceYokohama City UniversityYokohamaJapan
- Kihara Institute for Biological ResearchYokohama City UniversityYokohamaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Karapurkar JK, Antao AM, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. CRISPR-Cas9 based genome editing for defective gene correction in humans and other mammals. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 181:185-229. [PMID: 34127194 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9), derived from bacterial and archean immune systems, has received much attention from the scientific community as a powerful, targeted gene editing tool. The CRISPR/Cas9 system enables a simple, relatively effortless and highly specific gene targeting strategy through temporary or permanent genome regulation or editing. This endonuclease has enabled gene correction by taking advantage of the endogenous homology directed repair (HDR) pathway to successfully target and correct disease-causing gene mutations. Numerous studies using CRISPR support the promise of efficient and simple genome manipulation, and the technique has been validated in in vivo and in vitro experiments, indicating its potential for efficient gene correction at any genomic loci. In this chapter, we detailed various strategies related to gene editing using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We also outlined strategies to improve the efficiency of gene correction via the HDR pathway and to improve viral and non-viral mediated gene delivery methods, with an emphasis on their therapeutic potential for correcting genetic disorder in humans and other mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ainsley Mike Antao
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Park J, Lee J, Song KD, Kim SJ, Kim DC, Lee SC, Son YJ, Choi HW, Shim K. Growth factors improve the proliferation of Jeju black pig muscle cells by regulating myogenic differentiation 1 and growth-related genes. Anim Biosci 2021; 34:1392-1402. [PMID: 33561926 PMCID: PMC8255883 DOI: 10.5713/ab.20.0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The growth rate of pigs is related to differentiation and proliferation of muscle cells, which are regulated by growth factors and expression of growth-related genes. Thus, the objective of this study was to establish optimal culture conditions for Jeju black pig (JBP) muscle cells and determine the relationship of various factors involved in muscle growth with the proliferation of JBP muscle cells. METHODS Muscles were taken from the femur skeletal muscle of JBP embryos. After isolation of the muscle cells, cells were cultured in a 6-well plate under four different culture conditions to optimize culture conditions for JBP muscle cells. To analyze proliferation rate of JBP muscle cells, these muscle cells were seeded into 6-well plates at a density of 1.5×105 cells per well and cultured for 3 days. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were applied to verify the myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD) expression and growth-related gene expression in JBP muscle cells, respectively. RESULTS We established a muscle cell line from JBP embryos and optimized its culture conditions. These muscle cells were positive for MyoD, but not for paired box 7. The proliferation rate of these muscle cells was significantly higher in a culture medium containing bFGF and epidermal growth factor + basic fibroblast growth factor (EGF+bFGF) than that without a growth factor or containing EGF alone. Treatment with EGF and bFGF significantly induced the expression of MyoD protein, an important transcription factor in muscle cells. Moreover, we checked the changes of expression of growth-related genes in JBP muscle cells by presence or absence of growth factors. Expression level of collagen type XXI alpha 1 gene was changed only when EGF and bFGF were added together to culture media for JBP muscle cells. CONCLUSION Concurrent use of EGF and bFGF increased the expression of MyoD protein, thus regulating the proliferation of JBP muscle cells and the expression of growth-related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinryong Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Jeongeun Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- The Animal Molecular Genetics and Breeding Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.,Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Sung-Jo Kim
- Division of Cosmetics and Biotechnology, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Dae Cheol Kim
- Livestock Promotion Institute, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju 63122, Korea
| | | | | | - Hyun Woo Choi
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.,Department of Animal Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Kwanseob Shim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.,Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ohtsuki N, Kizawa K, Mori A, Nishizawa-Yokoi A, Komatsuda T, Yoshida H, Hayakawa K, Toki S, Saika H. Precise Genome Editing in miRNA Target Site via Gene Targeting and Subsequent Single-Strand-Annealing-Mediated Excision of the Marker Gene in Plants. Front Genome Ed 2021; 2:617713. [PMID: 34713238 PMCID: PMC8525353 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2020.617713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene targeting (GT) enables precise genome modification-e.g., the introduction of base substitutions-using donor DNA as a template. Combined with clean excision of the selection marker used to select GT cells, GT is expected to become a standard, generally applicable, base editing system. Previously, we demonstrated marker excision via a piggyBac transposon from GT-modified loci in rice. However, piggyBac-mediated marker excision has the limitation that it recognizes only the sequence TTAA. Recently, we proposed a novel and universal precise genome editing system consisting of GT with subsequent single-strand annealing (SSA)-mediated marker excision, which has, in principle, no limitation of target sequences. In this study, we introduced base substitutions into the microRNA miR172 target site of the OsCly1 gene-an ortholog of the barley Cleistogamy1 gene involved in cleistogamous flowering. To ensure efficient SSA, the GT vector harbors 1.2-kb overlapped sequences at both ends of a selection marker. The frequency of positive-negative selection-mediated GT using the vector with overlapped sequences was comparable with that achieved using vectors for piggyBac-mediated marker excision without overlapped sequences, with the frequency of SSA-mediated marker excision calculated as ~40% in the T0 generation. This frequency is thought to be adequate to produce marker-free cells, although it is lower than that achieved with piggyBac-mediated marker excision, which approaches 100%. To date, introduction of precise substitutions in discontinuous multiple bases of a targeted gene using base editors and the prime editing system based on CRISPR/Cas9 has been quite difficult. Here, using GT and our SSA-mediated marker excision system, we succeeded in the precise base substitution not only of single bases but also of artificial discontinuous multiple bases in the miR172 target site of the OsCly1 gene. Precise base substitution of miRNA target sites in target genes using this precise genome editing system will be a powerful tool in the production of valuable crops with improved traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namie Ohtsuki
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Akiko Mori
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ayako Nishizawa-Yokoi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Kawaguchi, Japan
| | | | - Hitoshi Yoshida
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Seiichi Toki
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Saika
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ebrahimi M, Forouzesh M, Raoufi S, Ramazii M, Ghaedrahmati F, Farzaneh M. Differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into erythroid cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:483. [PMID: 33198819 PMCID: PMC7667818 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last years, several strategies have been made to obtain mature erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBC) from the bone marrow or umbilical cord blood (UCB). However, UCB-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are a limited source and in vitro large-scale expansion of RBC from HSC remains problematic. One promising alternative can be human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) that provide an unlimited source of cells. Human PSCs, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), are self-renewing progenitors that can be differentiated to lineages of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Several previous studies have revealed that human ESCs can differentiate into functional oxygen-carrying erythrocytes; however, the ex vivo expansion of human ESC-derived RBC is subjected to ethical concerns. Human iPSCs can be a suitable therapeutic choice for the in vitro/ex vivo manufacture of RBCs. Reprogramming of human somatic cells through the ectopic expression of the transcription factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, c-MYC, LIN28, and NANOG) has provided a new avenue for disease modeling and regenerative medicine. Various techniques have been developed to generate enucleated RBCs from human iPSCs. The in vitro production of human iPSC-derived RBCs can be an alternative treatment option for patients with blood disorders. In this review, we focused on the generation of human iPSC-derived erythrocytes to present an overview of the current status and applications of this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ebrahimi
- Neonatal and Children's Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Forouzesh
- Legal Medicine Organization of Iran, Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Raoufi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences and Technologies, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramazii
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Kumar D, Anand T, Talluri TR, Kues WA. Potential of transposon-mediated cellular reprogramming towards cell-based therapies. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:527-544. [PMID: 32843912 PMCID: PMC7415244 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i7.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells present a seminal discovery in cell biology and promise to support innovative treatments of so far incurable diseases. To translate iPS technology into clinical trials, the safety and stability of these reprogrammed cells needs to be shown. In recent years, different non-viral transposon systems have been developed for the induction of cellular pluripotency, and for the directed differentiation into desired cell types. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art of different transposon systems in iPS-based cell therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar
- Animal Physiology and Reproduction Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Taruna Anand
- NCVTC, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Thirumala R Talluri
- Equine Production Campus, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Bikaner 334001, India
| | - Wilfried A Kues
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, Mariensee 31535, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Structural basis of seamless excision and specific targeting by piggyBac transposase. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3446. [PMID: 32651359 PMCID: PMC7351741 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The piggyBac DNA transposon is used widely in genome engineering applications. Unlike other transposons, its excision site can be precisely repaired without leaving footprints and it integrates specifically at TTAA tetranucleotides. We present cryo-EM structures of piggyBac transpososomes: a synaptic complex with hairpin DNA intermediates and a strand transfer complex capturing the integration step. The results show that the excised TTAA hairpin intermediate and the TTAA target adopt essentially identical conformations, providing a mechanistic link connecting the two unique properties of piggyBac. The transposase forms an asymmetric dimer in which the two central domains synapse the ends while two C-terminal domains form a separate dimer that contacts only one transposon end. In the strand transfer structure, target DNA is severely bent and the TTAA target is unpaired. In-cell data suggest that asymmetry promotes synaptic complex formation, and modifying ends with additional transposase binding sites stimulates activity.
Collapse
|
20
|
Turan RD, Albayrak E, Uslu M, Siyah P, Alyazici LY, Kalkan BM, Aslan GS, Yucel D, Aksoz M, Tuysuz EC, Meric N, Durdagi S, Gulbas Z, Kocabas F. Development of Small Molecule MEIS Inhibitors that modulate HSC activity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7994. [PMID: 32409701 PMCID: PMC7224207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Meis1, which belongs to TALE-type class of homeobox gene family, appeared as one of the key regulators of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and a potential therapeutical target. However, small molecule inhibitors of MEIS1 remained unknown. This led us to develop inhibitors of MEIS1 that could modulate HSC activity. To this end, we have established a library of relevant homeobox family inhibitors and developed a high-throughput in silico screening strategy against homeodomain of MEIS proteins using the AutoDock Vina and PaDEL-ADV platform. We have screened over a million druggable small molecules in silico and selected putative MEIS inhibitors (MEISi) with no predicted cytotoxicity or cardiotoxicity. This was followed by in vitro validation of putative MEIS inhibitors using MEIS dependent luciferase reporter assays and analysis in the ex vivo HSC assays. We have shown that small molecules named MEISi-1 and MEISi-2 significantly inhibit MEIS-luciferase reporters in vitro and induce murine (LSKCD34l°w cells) and human (CD34+, CD133+, and ALDHhi cells) HSC self-renewal ex vivo. In addition, inhibition of MEIS proteins results in downregulation of Meis1 and MEIS1 target gene expression including Hif-1α, Hif-2α and HSC quiescence modulators. MEIS inhibitors are effective in vivo as evident by induced HSC content in the murine bone marrow and downregulation of expression of MEIS target genes. These studies warrant identification of first-in-class MEIS inhibitors as potential pharmaceuticals to be utilized in modulation of HSC activity and bone marrow transplantation studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raife Dilek Turan
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.,LabCell, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Albayrak
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Uslu
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Siyah
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lamia Yazgi Alyazici
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Dogacan Yucel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - Merve Aksoz
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emre Can Tuysuz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Meric
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Anadolu Medical Center, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zafer Gulbas
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Anadolu Medical Center, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Fatih Kocabas
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nestor MW, Wilson RL. Beyond Mendelian Genetics: Anticipatory Biomedical Ethics and Policy Implications for the Use of CRISPR Together with Gene Drive in Humans. JOURNAL OF BIOETHICAL INQUIRY 2020; 17:133-144. [PMID: 31900854 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-019-09957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) genome editing has already reinvented the direction of genetic and stem cell research. For more complex diseases it allows scientists to simultaneously create multiple genetic changes to a single cell. Technologies for correcting multiple mutations in an in vivo system are already in development. On the surface, the advent and use of gene editing technologies is a powerful tool to reduce human suffering by eradicating complex disease that has a genetic etiology. Gene drives are CRISPR mediated alterations to genes that allow them to be passed on to subsequent populations at rates that approach one hundred per cent transmission. Therefore, from an anticipatory biomedical ethics perspective, it is possible to conceive gene drive being used with CRISPR to permanently ameliorate aberrant genes from wild-type populations containing mutations. However, there are also a number of possible side effects that could develop as the result of combining gene editing and gene drive technologies in an effort to eradicate complex diseases. In this paper, we critically analyse the hypothesis that the combination of CRISPR and gene drive will have a deleterious effect on human populations from an ethical perspective by developing an anticipatory ethical analysis of the implications for the use of CRISPR together with gene drive in humans.
Collapse
|
22
|
Aldakeel SA, Ghanem NZ, Al-Amodi AM, Osman AK, Al Asoom LI, Ahmed NR, Almandil NB, Akhtar MS, Azeez SA, Borgio JF. Identification of seven novel variants in the β-globin gene in transfusion-dependent and normal patients. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:453-459. [PMID: 32190157 PMCID: PMC7069418 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.84825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abnormality in HBB results in an inherited recessive blood disorder, which can be caused by variants at the transcriptional or translational level affecting the stability and the production of the HBB chain. The severity of the disease relies on the variant's characteristics. This study aimed to identify the common β-globin HBB variants in the population of the Eastern Province, which has the highest prevalence of blood diseases in Saudi Arabia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Direct sequence of β-globin HBB gene, and alpha-globin HBA1 and HBA2 genes was performed on a total of 545 blood samples (transfusion-dependent: 215, 106 men and 109 women; normal healthy subjects: 330, 197 men and 133 women) collected from Saudi Arabian participants in the Eastern region. RESULTS A total of 36 variants in HBB gene were revealed with 11 variants that have been reported for the first time in Saudi Arabia, including 7 novel variants that have been identified for the first time in HBB gene. The novel variants consisted of two exonic (HBB:c.252C>T; HBB:c.281G>T) and five intronic variants (c.316-183_316-168del; c.315+241T>A; c.315+376T>C; c.316-114C>G; c.315+208T>G) at HBB gene. The novel exonic variants and three (c.316-183_316-168del; c.315+241T>A; c.315+376T>C) intronic variants were co-inherited with α deletion. CONCLUSIONS This current study updated the HBB gene variations with newly identified variants of HBB gene and co-inheritance with α-globin deletions. The identified β-globin mutations will strengthen the genetic reference that could aid in characterizing mutations that are associated with phenotype of thalassemia in a specific region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumayh A. Aldakeel
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neda Z. Ghanem
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani M. Al-Amodi
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahoud Khalid Osman
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lubna Ibrahim Al Asoom
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazish Rafique Ahmed
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor B. Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Shakil Akhtar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed Abdul Azeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - J. Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Khorraminejad-Shirazi M, Dorvash M, Estedlal A, Hoveidaei AH, Mazloomrezaei M, Mosaddeghi P. Aging: A cell source limiting factor in tissue engineering. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:787-802. [PMID: 31692986 PMCID: PMC6828594 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i10.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering has yet to reach its ideal goal, i.e. creating profitable off-the-shelf tissues and organs, designing scaffolds and three-dimensional tissue architectures that can maintain the blood supply, proper biomaterial selection, and identifying the most efficient cell source for use in cell therapy and tissue engineering. These are still the major challenges in this field. Regarding the identification of the most appropriate cell source, aging as a factor that affects both somatic and stem cells and limits their function and applications is a preventable and, at least to some extents, a reversible phenomenon. Here, we reviewed different stem cell types, namely embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and genetically modified stem cells, as well as their sources, i.e. autologous, allogeneic, and xenogeneic sources. Afterward, we approached aging by discussing the functional decline of aged stem cells and different intrinsic and extrinsic factors that are involved in stem cell aging including replicative senescence and Hayflick limit, autophagy, epigenetic changes, miRNAs, mTOR and AMPK pathways, and the role of mitochondria in stem cell senescence. Finally, various interventions for rejuvenation and geroprotection of stem cells are discussed. These interventions can be applied in cell therapy and tissue engineering methods to conquer aging as a limiting factor, both in original cell source and in the in vitro proliferated cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadhossein Khorraminejad-Shirazi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
- Cell and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Dorvash
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
- Cell and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134814336, Iran
| | - Alireza Estedlal
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
- Cell and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Amir Human Hoveidaei
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mazloomrezaei
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
- Cell and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Pouria Mosaddeghi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
- Cell and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134814336, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Aspesi A, Borsotti C, Follenzi A. Emerging Therapeutic Approaches for Diamond Blackfan Anemia. Curr Gene Ther 2019; 18:327-335. [PMID: 30411682 PMCID: PMC6637096 DOI: 10.2174/1566523218666181109124538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is an inherited erythroid aplasia with onset in childhood. Patients carry heterozygous mutations in one of 19 Ribosomal Protein (RP) genes, that lead to defective ribosome biogenesis and function. Standard treatments include steroids or blood transfusions but the only definitive cure is allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). Although advances in HSCT have greatly improved the success rate over the last years, the risk of adverse events and mor-tality is still significant. Clinical trials employing gene therapy are now in progress for a variety of monogenic diseases and the development of innovative stem cell-based strategies may open new alternatives for DBA treatment as well. In this review, we summarize the most recent progress toward the implementation of new thera-peutic approaches for this disorder. We present different DNA- and RNA-based technologies as well as new candidate pharmacological treatments and discuss their relevance and potential applicability for the cure of DBA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aspesi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Borsotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Georgomanoli M, Papapetrou EP. Modeling blood diseases with human induced pluripotent stem cells. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/6/dmm039321. [PMID: 31171568 PMCID: PMC6602313 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are derived from somatic cells through a reprogramming process, which converts them to a pluripotent state, akin to that of embryonic stem cells. Over the past decade, iPSC models have found increasing applications in the study of human diseases, with blood disorders featuring prominently. Here, we discuss methodological aspects pertaining to iPSC generation, hematopoietic differentiation and gene editing, and provide an overview of uses of iPSCs in modeling the cell and gene therapy of inherited genetic blood disorders, as well as their more recent use as models of myeloid malignancies. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of iPSCs compared to model organisms and other cellular systems commonly used in hematology research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Georgomanoli
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Eirini P Papapetrou
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Romito M, Rai R, Thrasher AJ, Cavazza A. Genome editing for blood disorders: state of the art and recent advances. Emerg Top Life Sci 2019; 3:289-299. [PMID: 33523137 PMCID: PMC7288986 DOI: 10.1042/etls20180147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, tremendous advances have been made in the use of gene editing to precisely engineer the genome. This technology relies on the activity of a wide range of nuclease platforms - such as zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and the CRISPR-Cas system - that can cleave and repair specific DNA regions, providing a unique and flexible tool to study gene function and correct disease-causing mutations. Preclinical studies using gene editing to tackle genetic and infectious diseases have highlighted the therapeutic potential of this technology. This review summarizes the progresses made towards the development of gene editing tools for the treatment of haematological disorders and the hurdles that need to be overcome to achieve clinical success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Romito
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, U.K
| | - Rajeev Rai
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, U.K
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, U.K
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, U.K
| | - Alessia Cavazza
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Program, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, U.K
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Recent Updates on Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Hematological Disorders. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:5171032. [PMID: 31191673 PMCID: PMC6525795 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5171032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, enormous progress has been made in the field of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Patients' somatic cells such as skin fibroblasts or blood cells can be used to generate disease-specific pluripotent stem cells, which have unlimited proliferation and can differentiate into all cell types of the body. Human iPSCs offer great promises and opportunities for treatments of degenerative diseases and studying disease pathology and drug screening. So far, many iPSC-derived disease models have led to the discovery of novel pathological mechanisms as well as new drugs in the pipeline that have been tested in the iPSC-derived cells for efficacy and potential toxicities. Furthermore, recent advances in genome editing technology in combination with the iPSC technology have provided a versatile platform for studying stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. In this review, an overview of iPSCs, patient-specific iPSCs for disease modeling and drug screening, applications of iPSCs and genome editing technology in hematological disorders, remaining challenges, and future perspectives of iPSCs in hematological diseases will be discussed.
Collapse
|
28
|
Saha SK, Saikot FK, Rahman MS, Jamal MAHM, Rahman SMK, Islam SMR, Kim KH. Programmable Molecular Scissors: Applications of a New Tool for Genome Editing in Biotech. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 14:212-238. [PMID: 30641475 PMCID: PMC6330515 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Targeted genome editing is an advanced technique that enables precise modification of the nucleic acid sequences in a genome. Genome editing is typically performed using tools, such as molecular scissors, to cut a defined location in a specific gene. Genome editing has impacted various fields of biotechnology, such as agriculture; biopharmaceutical production; studies on the structure, regulation, and function of the genome; and the creation of transgenic organisms and cell lines. Although genome editing is used frequently, it has several limitations. Here, we provide an overview of well-studied genome-editing nucleases, including single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), and CRISPR-Cas9 RNA-guided nucleases (CRISPR-Cas9). To this end, we describe the progress toward editable nuclease-based therapies and discuss the minimization of off-target mutagenesis. Future prospects of this challenging scientific field are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subbroto Kumar Saha
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-Ro, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Forhad Karim Saikot
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahedur Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | | | - S M Khaledur Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - S M Riazul Islam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kim H, Schaniel C. Modeling Hematological Diseases and Cancer With Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2243. [PMID: 30323816 PMCID: PMC6172418 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) together with recent advances in genome editing, microphysiological systems, tissue engineering and xenograft models present new opportunities for the investigation of hematological diseases and cancer in a patient-specific context. Here we review the progress in the field and discuss the advantages, limitations, and challenges of iPSC-based malignancy modeling. We will also discuss the use of iPSCs and its derivatives as cellular sources for drug target identification, drug development and evaluation of pharmacological responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huensuk Kim
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christoph Schaniel
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ren C, Xu K, Segal DJ, Zhang Z. Strategies for the Enrichment and Selection of Genetically Modified Cells. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 37:56-71. [PMID: 30135027 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Programmable artificial nucleases have transitioned over the past decade from ZFNs and TALENs to CRISPR/Cas systems, which have been ubiquitously used with great success to modify genomes. The efficiencies of knockout and knockin vary widely among distinct cell types and genomic loci and depend on the nuclease delivery and cleavage efficiencies. Moreover, genetically modified cells are almost phenotypically indistinguishable from normal counterparts, making screening and isolating positive cells rather challenging and time-consuming. To address this issue, we review several strategies for the enrichment and selection of genetically modified cells, including transfection-positive selection, nuclease-positive selection, genome-targeted positive selection, and knockin-positive selection, to provide a reference for future genome research and gene therapy studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chonghua Ren
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Kun Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - David Jay Segal
- Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Demirci S, Uchida N, Tisdale JF. Gene therapy for sickle cell disease: An update. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:899-910. [PMID: 29859773 PMCID: PMC6123269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most common life-threatening monogenic diseases affecting millions of people worldwide. Allogenic hematopietic stem cell transplantation is the only known cure for the disease with high success rates, but the limited availability of matched sibling donors and the high risk of transplantation-related side effects force the scientific community to envision additional therapies. Ex vivo gene therapy through globin gene addition has been investigated extensively and is currently being tested in clinical trials that have begun reporting encouraging data. Recent improvements in our understanding of the molecular pathways controlling mammalian erythropoiesis and globin switching offer new and exciting therapeutic options. Rapid and substantial advances in genome engineering tools, particularly CRISPR/Cas9, have raised the possibility of genetic correction in induced pluripotent stem cells as well as patient-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. However, these techniques are still in their infancy, and safety/efficacy issues remain that must be addressed before translating these promising techniques into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selami Demirci
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John F Tisdale
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lidonnici MR, Ferrari G. Gene therapy and gene editing strategies for hemoglobinopathies. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2018; 70:87-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
33
|
Zivot A, Lipton JM, Narla A, Blanc L. Erythropoiesis: insights into pathophysiology and treatments in 2017. Mol Med 2018; 24:11. [PMID: 30134792 PMCID: PMC6016880 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is a tightly-regulated and complex process originating in the bone marrow from a multipotent stem cell and terminating in a mature, enucleated erythrocyte.Altered red cell production can result from the direct impairment of medullary erythropoiesis, as seen in the thalassemia syndromes, inherited bone marrow failure as well as in the anemia of chronic disease. Alternatively, in disorders such as sickle cell disease (SCD) as well as enzymopathies and membrane defects, medullary erythropoiesis is not, or only minimally, directly impaired. Despite these differences in pathophysiology, therapies have traditionally been non-specific, limited to symptomatic control of anemia via packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusion, resulting in iron overload and the eventual need for iron chelation or splenectomy to reduce defective red cell destruction. Likewise, in polycythemia vera overproduction of red cells has historically been dealt with by non-specific myelosuppression or phlebotomy. With a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathophysiology, new therapeutic targets have been identified including induction of fetal hemoglobin, interference with aberrant signaling pathways and gene therapy for definitive cure. This review, utilizing some representative disorders of erythropoiesis, will highlight novel therapeutic modalities currently in development for treatment of red cell disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zivot
- Laboratory of Developmental Erythropoiesis, Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal, and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Division of Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, 11040, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Lipton
- Laboratory of Developmental Erythropoiesis, Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal, and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Division of Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, 11040, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anupama Narla
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra Northwell, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | - Lionel Blanc
- Laboratory of Developmental Erythropoiesis, Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal, and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
- Division of Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, 11040, USA.
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kondrashov A, Duc Hoang M, Smith JGW, Bhagwan JR, Duncan G, Mosqueira D, Munoz MB, Vo NTN, Denning C. Simplified Footprint-Free Cas9/CRISPR Editing of Cardiac-Associated Genes in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:391-404. [PMID: 29402189 PMCID: PMC5882176 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling disease with human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is hindered because the impact on cell phenotype from genetic variability between individuals can be greater than from the pathogenic mutation. While “footprint-free” Cas9/CRISPR editing solves this issue, existing approaches are inefficient or lengthy. In this study, a simplified PiggyBac strategy shortened hPSC editing by 2 weeks and required one round of clonal expansion and genotyping rather than two, with similar efficiencies to the longer conventional process. Success was shown across four cardiac-associated loci (ADRB2, GRK5, RYR2, and ACTC1) by genomic cleavage and editing efficiencies of 8%–93% and 8%–67%, respectively, including mono- and/or biallelic events. Pluripotency was retained, as was differentiation into high-purity cardiomyocytes (CMs; 88%–99%). Using the GRK5 isogenic lines as an exemplar, chronic stimulation with the β-adrenoceptor agonist, isoprenaline, reduced beat rate in hPSC-CMs expressing GRK5-Q41 but not GRK5-L41; this was reversed by the β-blocker, propranolol. This shortened, footprint-free approach will be useful for mechanistic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kondrashov
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Minh Duc Hoang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - James G W Smith
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie R Bhagwan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Duncan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Diogo Mosqueira
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Barbadillo Munoz
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nguyen T N Vo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Denning
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Loucari CC, Patsali P, van Dijk TB, Stephanou C, Papasavva P, Zanti M, Kurita R, Nakamura Y, Christou S, Sitarou M, Philipsen S, Lederer CW, Kleanthous M. Rapid and Sensitive Assessment of Globin Chains for Gene and Cell Therapy of Hemoglobinopathies. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2018; 29:60-74. [PMID: 29325430 PMCID: PMC5806072 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2017.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-hemoglobinopathies sickle cell anemia and β-thalassemia are the focus of many gene-therapy studies. A key disease parameter is the abundance of globin chains because it indicates the level of anemia, likely toxicity of excess or aberrant globins, and therapeutic potential of induced or exogenous β-like globins. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) allows versatile and inexpensive globin quantification, but commonly applied protocols suffer from long run times, high sample requirements, or inability to separate murine from human β-globin chains. The latter point is problematic for in vivo studies with gene-addition vectors in murine disease models and mouse/human chimeras. This study demonstrates HPLC-based measurements of globin expression (1) after differentiation of the commonly applied human umbilical cord blood-derived erythroid progenitor-2 cell line, (2) in erythroid progeny of CD34+ cells for the analysis of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9-mediated disruption of the globin regulator BCL11A, and (3) of transgenic mice holding the human β-globin locus. At run times of 8 min for separation of murine and human β-globin chains as well as of human γ-globin chains, and with routine measurement of globin-chain ratios for 12 nL of blood (tested for down to 0.75 nL) or of 300,000 in vitro differentiated cells, the methods presented here and any variant-specific adaptations thereof will greatly facilitate evaluation of novel therapy applications for β-hemoglobinopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos C. Loucari
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Petros Patsali
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Thamar B. van Dijk
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coralea Stephanou
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Panayiota Papasavva
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Zanti
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ryo Kurita
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Sjaak Philipsen
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten W. Lederer
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marina Kleanthous
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Preclinical and clinical advances in transposon-based gene therapy. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160614. [PMID: 29089466 PMCID: PMC5715130 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transposons derived from Sleeping Beauty (SB), piggyBac (PB), or Tol2 typically require cotransfection of transposon DNA with a transposase either as an expression plasmid or mRNA. Consequently, this results in genomic integration of the potentially therapeutic gene into chromosomes of the desired target cells, and thus conferring stable expression. Non-viral transfection methods are typically preferred to deliver the transposon components into the target cells. However, these methods do not match the efficacy typically attained with viral vectors and are sometimes associated with cellular toxicity evoked by the DNA itself. In recent years, the overall transposition efficacy has gradually increased by codon optimization of the transposase, generation of hyperactive transposases, and/or introduction of specific mutations in the transposon terminal repeats. Their versatility enabled the stable genetic engineering in many different primary cell types, including stem/progenitor cells and differentiated cell types. This prompted numerous preclinical proof-of-concept studies in disease models that demonstrated the potential of DNA transposons for ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy. One of the merits of transposon systems relates to their ability to deliver relatively large therapeutic transgenes that cannot readily be accommodated in viral vectors such as full-length dystrophin cDNA. These emerging insights paved the way toward the first transposon-based phase I/II clinical trials to treat hematologic cancer and other diseases. Though encouraging results were obtained, controlled pivotal clinical trials are needed to corroborate the efficacy and safety of transposon-based therapies.
Collapse
|
37
|
Ansari J, Moufarrej YE, Pawlinski R, Gavins FNE. Sickle cell disease: a malady beyond a hemoglobin defect in cerebrovascular disease. Expert Rev Hematol 2017; 11:45-55. [PMID: 29207881 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2018.1407240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a devastating monogenic disorder that presents as a multisystem illness and affects approximately 100,000 individuals in the United States alone. SCD management largely focuses on primary prevention, symptomatic treatment and targeting of hemoglobin polymerization and red blood cell sickling. Areas covered: This review will discuss the progress of SCD over the last few decades, highlighting some of the clinical (mainly cerebrovascular) and psychosocial challenges of SCD in the United States. In addition, focus will also be made on the evolving science and management of this inherited disease. Expert commentary: Until recently hydroxyurea (HU) has been the only FDA approved therapy for SCD. However, advancing understanding of SCD pathophysiology has led to multiple clinical trials targeting SCD related thrombo-inflammation, abnormal endothelial biology, increased oxidant stress and sickle cell mutation. Yet, despite advancing understanding, available therapies are limited. SCD also imposes great psychosocial challenges for the individual and the affected community, which has previously been under-recognized. This has created a pressing need for complementary adjuvant therapies with repurposed and novel drugs, in addition to the establishment of comprehensive clinics focusing on both the medical treatment and the psychosocial issues associated with SCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Ansari
- a Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport , Shreveport , LA , USA
| | - Youmna E Moufarrej
- b Louisiana State University School of Medicine - Shreveport , Shreveport , LA , USA
| | - Rafal Pawlinski
- c Department of Medicine , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Felicity N E Gavins
- a Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology , Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport , Shreveport , LA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sengupta R, Mendenhall A, Sarkar N, Mukherjee C, Afshari A, Huang J, Lu B. Viral Cre-LoxP tools aid genome engineering in mammalian cells. J Biol Eng 2017; 11:45. [PMID: 29204184 PMCID: PMC5702101 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-017-0087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Targeted nucleases have transformed genome editing technology, providing more efficient methods to make targeted changes in mammalian genome. In parallel, there is an increasing demand of Cre-LoxP technology for complex genome manipulation such as large deletion, addition, gene fusion and conditional removal of gene sequences at the target site. However, an efficient and easy-to-use Cre-recombinase delivery system remains lacking. Results We designed and constructed two sets of expression vectors for Cre-recombinase using two highly efficient viral systems, the integrative lentivirus and non-integrative adeno associated virus. We demonstrate the effectiveness of those methods in Cre-delivery into stably-engineered HEK293 cells harboring LoxP-floxed red fluorescent protein (RFP) and puromycin (Puro) resistant reporters. The delivered Cre recombinase effectively excised the floxed RFP-Puro either directly or conditionally, therefore validating the function of these molecular tools. Given the convenient options of two selections markers, these viral-based systems offer a robust and easy-to-use tool for advanced genome editing, expanding complicated genome engineering to a variety of cell types and conditions. Conclusions We have developed and functionally validated two viral-based Cre-recombinase delivery systems for efficient genome manipulation in various mammalian cells. The ease of gene delivery with the built-in reporters and inducible element enables live cell monitoring, drug selection and temporal knockout, broadening applications of genome editing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjita Sengupta
- System Biosciences, 2436 Embarcadero Way, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA
| | - Amy Mendenhall
- System Biosciences, 2436 Embarcadero Way, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA
| | - Nandita Sarkar
- Gilead Sciences Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA 94404 USA
| | | | - Amirali Afshari
- System Biosciences, 2436 Embarcadero Way, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA
| | - Joseph Huang
- System Biosciences, 2436 Embarcadero Way, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA
| | - Biao Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
High Efficiency Gene Correction in Hematopoietic Cells by Donor-Template-Free CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 10:1-8. [PMID: 29499925 PMCID: PMC5723376 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 prokaryotic adaptive immune system and its swift repurposing for genome editing enables modification of any prespecified genomic sequence with unprecedented accuracy and efficiency, including targeted gene repair. We used the CRISPR/Cas9 system for targeted repair of patient-specific point mutations in the Cytochrome b-245 heavy chain gene (CYBB), whose inactivation causes chronic granulomatous disease (XCGD)—a life-threatening immunodeficiency disorder characterized by the inability of neutrophils and macrophages to produce microbicidal reactive oxygen species (ROS). We show that frameshift mutations can be effectively repaired in hematopoietic cells by non-integrating lentiviral vectors carrying RNA-guided Cas9 endonucleases (RGNs). Because about 25% of most inherited blood disorders are caused by frameshift mutations, our results suggest that up to a quarter of all patients suffering from monogenic blood disorders could benefit from gene therapy employing personalized, donor template-free RGNs.
Collapse
|
40
|
Kuhn A, Ackermann M, Mussolino C, Cathomen T, Lachmann N, Moritz T. TALEN-mediated functional correction of human iPSC-derived macrophages in context of hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15195. [PMID: 29123113 PMCID: PMC5680188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (herPAP) constitutes a rare, life threatening lung disease characterized by the inability of alveolar macrophages to clear the alveolar airspaces from surfactant phospholipids. On a molecular level, the disorder is defined by a defect in the CSF2RA gene coding for the GM-CSF receptor alpha-chain (CD116). As therapeutic options are limited, we currently pursue a cell and gene therapy approach aiming for the intrapulmonary transplantation of gene-corrected macrophages derived from herPAP-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (herPAP-iPSC) employing transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs). Targeted insertion of a codon-optimized CSF2RA-cDNA driven by the hybrid cytomegalovirus (CMV) early enhancer/chicken beta actin (CAG) promoter into the AAVS1 locus resulted in robust expression of the CSF2RA gene in gene-edited herPAP-iPSCs as well as thereof derived macrophages. These macrophages displayed typical morphology, surface phenotype, phagocytic and secretory activity, as well as functional CSF2RA expression verified by STAT5 phosphorylation and GM-CSF uptake studies. Thus, our study provides a proof-of-concept, that TALEN-mediated integration of the CSF2RA gene into the AAVS1 safe harbor locus in patient-specific iPSCs represents an efficient strategy to generate functionally corrected monocytes/macrophages, which in the future may serve as a source for an autologous cell-based gene therapy for the treatment of herPAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kuhn
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,RG Reprogramming and Gene Therapy, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mania Ackermann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudio Mussolino
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nico Lachmann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,JRG Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,RG Reprogramming and Gene Therapy, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tipanee J, VandenDriessche T, Chuah MK. Transposons: Moving Forward from Preclinical Studies to Clinical Trials. Hum Gene Ther 2017; 28:1087-1104. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jaitip Tipanee
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry VandenDriessche
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marinee K. Chuah
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
TALEN based HPV-E7 editing triggers necrotic cell death in cervical cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5500. [PMID: 28710417 PMCID: PMC5511212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus E7 and E6 oncoproteins have been considered as suitable candidate anti-viral targets since they cause malignant conversion in cervical cancers. Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) are recent editing tools to knockout genes by inducing double stranded breaks at specific sites in the genome. In here, we have designed specific TALENs to target E7 and analyzed their efficiency in inducing cell death in cervical cancer cells. We found that designed TALENs could yield about 10–12% editing activity as observed from T7E1 and nuclease resistance assays. Down-regulation of E7 and E6 was further evident at the transcript as well as proteins levels indicating that the selected TALENs were effective. TALEN-mediated E7 editing led to cell death as ascertained by cell cycle and Annexin V assays. Annexin profiling suggested that cell death could be due to necrosis as observed by upregulation of necrotic markers such as LDH A, Rip-1, and Cyclophilin A. Necrosis appears to be a better therapeutic response as it could further activate pro-inflammatory cytokines to attract immune cells to eliminate HPV-integrated cells and therefore TALEN editing strategy has the potential to be a promising tool as an adjuvant therapy in cervical cancer along with surgery.
Collapse
|
43
|
Maleki E, Babashah H, Koohi S, Kavehvash Z. High-speed all-optical DNA local sequence alignment based on a three-dimensional artificial neural network. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2017; 34:1173-1186. [PMID: 29036127 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.34.001173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an optical processing approach for exploring a large number of genome sequences. Specifically, we propose an optical correlator for global alignment and an extended moiré matching technique for local analysis of spatially coded DNA, whose output is fed to a novel three-dimensional artificial neural network for local DNA alignment. All-optical implementation of the proposed 3D artificial neural network is developed and its accuracy is verified in Zemax. Thanks to its parallel processing capability, the proposed structure performs local alignment of 4 million sequences of 150 base pairs in a few seconds, which is much faster than its electrical counterparts, such as the basic local alignment search tool.
Collapse
|
44
|
May I Cut in? Gene Editing Approaches in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2017; 6:cells6010005. [PMID: 28178187 PMCID: PMC5371870 DOI: 10.3390/cells6010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the decade since Yamanaka and colleagues described methods to reprogram somatic cells into a pluripotent state, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have demonstrated tremendous promise in numerous disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine applications. More recently, the development and refinement of advanced gene transduction and editing technologies have further accelerated the potential of hiPSCs. In this review, we discuss the various gene editing technologies that are being implemented with hiPSCs. Specifically, we describe the emergence of technologies including zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 that can be used to edit the genome at precise locations, and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each of these technologies. In addition, we present the current applications of these technologies in elucidating the mechanisms of human development and disease, developing novel and effective therapeutic molecules, and engineering cell-based therapies. Finally, we discuss the emerging technological advances in targeted gene editing methods.
Collapse
|
45
|
Kim EJ, Kang KH, Ju JH. CRISPR-Cas9: a promising tool for gene editing on induced pluripotent stem cells. Korean J Intern Med 2017; 32:42-61. [PMID: 28049282 PMCID: PMC5214730 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in genome editing with programmable nucleases have opened up new avenues for multiple applications, from basic research to clinical therapy. The ease of use of the technology-and particularly clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-will allow us to improve our understanding of genomic variation in disease processes via cellular and animal models. Here, we highlight the progress made in correcting gene mutations in monogenic hereditary disorders and discuss various CRISPR-associated applications, such as cancer research, synthetic biology, and gene therapy using induced pluripotent stem cells. The challenges, ethical issues, and future prospects of CRISPR-based systems for human research are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Ho Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Ji Hyeon Ju, M.D. Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea Tel: +82-2-2258-6893 Fax: +82-2-3476-2274 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Paes BCMF, Moço PD, Pereira CG, Porto GS, de Sousa Russo EM, Reis LCJ, Covas DT, Picanço-Castro V. Ten years of iPSC: clinical potential and advances in vitro hematopoietic differentiation. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 33:233-250. [PMID: 28039590 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ten years have passed since the first publication announcing the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Issues related to ethics, immune rejection, and cell availability seemed to be solved following this breakthrough. The development of iPSC technology allows advances in in vitro cell differentiation for cell therapy purpose and other clinical applications. This review provides a perspective on the iPSC potential for cell therapies, particularly for hematological applications. We discuss the advances in in vitro hematopoietic differentiation, the possibilities to employ iPSC in hematology studies, and their potential clinical application in hematologic diseases. The generation of red blood cells and functional T cells and the genome editing technology applied to mutation correction are also covered. We highlight some of the requirements and obstacles to be overcome before translating these cells from research to the clinic, for instance, iPSC variability, genotoxicity, the differentiation process, and engraftment. Also, we evaluate the patent landscape and compile the clinical trials in the field of pluripotent stem cells. Currently, we know much more about iPSC than in 2006, but there are still challenges that must be solved. A greater understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the generation of hematopoietic stem cells is necessary to produce suitable and transplantable hematopoietic stem progenitor cells from iPSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Cristina Martins Fernandes Paes
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School and Center for Cell-based Therapy (CTC), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Pablo Diego Moço
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School and Center for Cell-based Therapy (CTC), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Gonçalves Pereira
- School of Economics, Business Administration and Accounting at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geciane Silveira Porto
- School of Economics, Business Administration and Accounting at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa Maria de Sousa Russo
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto Pharmaceutical Sciences School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiza Cunha Junqueira Reis
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto Pharmaceutical Sciences School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School and Center for Cell-based Therapy (CTC), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Virginia Picanço-Castro
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ludwig LS, Khajuria RK, Sankaran VG. Emerging cellular and gene therapies for congenital anemias. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 172:332-348. [PMID: 27792859 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Congenital anemias comprise a group of blood disorders characterized by a reduction in the number of peripherally circulating erythrocytes. Various genetic etiologies have been identified that affect diverse aspects of erythroid physiology and broadly fall into two main categories: impaired production or increased destruction of mature erythrocytes. Current therapies are largely focused on symptomatic treatment and are often based on transfusion of donor-derived erythrocytes and management of complications. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation represents the only curative option currently available for the majority of congenital anemias. Recent advances in gene therapy and genome editing hold promise for the development of additional curative strategies for these blood disorders. The relative ease of access to the hematopoietic stem cell compartment, as well as the possibility of genetic manipulation ex vivo and subsequent transplantation in an autologous manner, make blood disorders among the most amenable to cellular therapies. Here we review cell-based and gene therapy approaches, and discuss the limitations and prospects of emerging avenues, including genome editing tools and the use of pluripotent stem cells, for the treatment of congenital forms of anemia. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
|
48
|
DeWitt MA, Magis W, Bray NL, Wang T, Berman JR, Urbinati F, Heo SJ, Mitros T, Muñoz DP, Boffelli D, Kohn DB, Walters MC, Carroll D, Martin DIK, Corn JE. Selection-free genome editing of the sickle mutation in human adult hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:360ra134. [PMID: 27733558 PMCID: PMC5500303 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf9336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genetic diseases of blood cells are prime candidates for treatment through ex vivo gene editing of CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), and a variety of technologies have been proposed to treat these disorders. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a recessive genetic disorder caused by a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the β-globin gene (HBB). Sickle hemoglobin damages erythrocytes, causing vasoocclusion, severe pain, progressive organ damage, and premature death. We optimize design and delivery parameters of a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex comprising Cas9 protein and unmodified single guide RNA, together with a single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide donor (ssODN), to enable efficient replacement of the SCD mutation in human HSPCs. Corrected HSPCs from SCD patients produced less sickle hemoglobin RNA and protein and correspondingly increased wild-type hemoglobin when differentiated into erythroblasts. When engrafted into immunocompromised mice, ex vivo treated human HSPCs maintain SCD gene edits throughout 16 weeks at a level likely to have clinical benefit. These results demonstrate that an accessible approach combining Cas9 RNP with an ssODN can mediate efficient HSPC genome editing, enables investigator-led exploration of gene editing reagents in primary hematopoietic stem cells, and suggests a path toward the development of new gene editing treatments for SCD and other hematopoietic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A DeWitt
- Innovative Genomics Initiative, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Wendy Magis
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Nicolas L Bray
- Innovative Genomics Initiative, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- Innovative Genomics Initiative, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jennifer R Berman
- Digital Biology Center, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Fabrizia Urbinati
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics; Pediatrics; and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Seok-Jin Heo
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Therese Mitros
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Denise P Muñoz
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Dario Boffelli
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Donald B Kohn
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics; Pediatrics; and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mark C Walters
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland, CA 94609, USA. Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematology, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Dana Carroll
- Innovative Genomics Initiative, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - David I K Martin
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland, CA 94609, USA.
| | - Jacob E Corn
- Innovative Genomics Initiative, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The recent advent of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) system for precise genome editing has revolutionized methodologies in haematology and oncology studies. CRISPR-Cas9 technology can be used to remove and correct genes or mutations, and to introduce site-specific therapeutic genes in human cells. Inherited haematological disorders represent ideal targets for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene therapy. Correcting disease-causing mutations could alleviate disease-related symptoms in the near future. The CRISPR-Cas9 system is also a useful tool for delineating molecular mechanisms involving haematological malignancies. Prior to the use of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene correction in humans, appropriate delivery systems with higher efficiency and specificity must be identified, and ethical guidelines for applying the technology with controllable safety must be established. Here, the latest applications of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in haematological disorders, current challenges and future directions are reviewed and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), University of Texas-Health Science Centre at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nami McCarty
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), University of Texas-Health Science Centre at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tasan I, Jain S, Zhao H. Use of genome-editing tools to treat sickle cell disease. Hum Genet 2016; 135:1011-28. [PMID: 27250347 PMCID: PMC5002234 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in genome-editing techniques have made it possible to modify any desired DNA sequence by employing programmable nucleases. These next-generation genome-modifying tools are the ideal candidates for therapeutic applications, especially for the treatment of genetic disorders like sickle cell disease (SCD). SCD is an inheritable monogenic disorder which is caused by a point mutation in the β-globin gene. Substantial success has been achieved in the development of supportive therapeutic strategies for SCD, but unfortunately there is still a lack of long-term universal cure. The only existing curative treatment is based on allogeneic stem cell transplantation from healthy donors; however, this treatment is applicable to a limited number of patients only. Hence, a universally applicable therapy is highly desirable. In this review, we will discuss the three programmable nucleases that are commonly used for genome-editing purposes: zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9). We will continue by exemplifying uses of these methods to correct the sickle cell mutation. Additionally, we will present induction of fetal globin expression as an alternative approach to cure sickle cell disease. We will conclude by comparing the three methods and explaining the concerns about their use in therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Tasan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Surbhi Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|