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Qiu Q, Fu F, Wu Y, Han C, Pu W, Wen L, Xia Q, Du D. Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and its anthraquinone derivatives: Potential candidates for pancreatitis treatment. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155708. [PMID: 38733906 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatitis is a common exocrine inflammatory disease of the pancreas and lacks specific medication currently. Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (RR) and its anthraquinone derivatives (AQs) have been successively reported for their pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms in experimental and clinical pancreatitis. However, an overview of the anti-pancreatitis potential of RR and its AQs is limited. PURPOSE To summarize and analyze the pharmacological effects of RR and its AQs on pancreatitis and the underlying mechanisms, and discuss their drug-like properties and future perspectives. METHODS The articles related to RR and its AQs were collected from the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang data, PubMed, and the Web of Science using relevant keywords from the study's inception until April first, 2024. Studies involving RR or its AQs in cell or animal pancreatitis models as well as structure-activity relationship, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and clinical trials were included. RESULTS Most experimental studies are based on severe acute pancreatitis rat models and a few on chronic pancreatitis. Several bioactive anthraquinone derivatives of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (RRAQs) exert local protective effects on the pancreas by maintaining pancreatic acinar cell homeostasis, inhibiting inflammatory signaling, and anti-fibrosis, and they improve systemic organ function by alleviating intestinal and lung injury. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies have revealed the low bioavailability and wide distribution of RRAQs, as well as hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. However, there is insufficient research on the clinical application of RRAQs in pancreatitis. Furthermore, we propose effective strategies for subsequent improvement in terms of balancing effectiveness and safety. CONCLUSION RRAQs can be developed as either candidate drugs or novel lead structures for pancreatitis treatment. The comprehensive review of RR and its AQs provides references for optimizing drugs, developing therapies, and conducting future studies on pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qiu
- West China Center of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fei Fu
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Yaling Wu
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Chenxia Han
- West China Center of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weiling Pu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Li Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Center for Biomarker Discovery and Validation, National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine (PUMCH), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100073, China
| | - Qing Xia
- West China Center of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Dan Du
- West China Center of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610213, China.
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Zhao L, Zheng L. A Review on Bioactive Anthraquinone and Derivatives as the Regulators for ROS. Molecules 2023; 28:8139. [PMID: 38138627 PMCID: PMC10745977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthraquinones are bioactive natural products, which are often found in medicinal herbs. These compounds exert antioxidant-related pharmacological actions including neuroprotective effects, anti-inflammation, anticancer, hepatoprotective effects and anti-aging, etc. Considering the benefits from their pharmacological use, recently, there was an upsurge in the development and utilization of anthraquinones as reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulators. In this review, a deep discussion was carried out on their antioxidant activities and the structure-activity relationships. The antioxidant mechanisms and the chemistry behind the antioxidant activities of both natural and synthesized compounds were furtherly explored and demonstrated. Due to the specific chemical activity of ROS, antioxidants are essential for human health. Therefore, the development of reagents that regulate the imbalance between ROS formation and elimination should be more extensive and rational, and the exploration of antioxidant mechanisms of anthraquinones may provide new therapeutic tools and ideas for various diseases mediated by ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhao
- Tianjin Renai College, Tianjin 301636, China;
| | - Lin Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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3
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A comprehensive review of emodin in fibrosis treatment. Fitoterapia 2023; 165:105358. [PMID: 36436587 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Emodin is the main pharmacodynamic components of rhubarb, with significant pharmacological effects and clinical efficacy.Emodin has a variety of therapy effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis effects, and is widely used to treat encephalitis, diabetic cataract and organ fibrosis. Several studies have shown that emodin has a good treatment effect on organ fibrosis, but the mechanism is complex. Moreover, the evidence of some studies is conflicting and confusing. This paper reviewed the mechanism, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of emodin in fibrosis treatment, and briefly discussed relevant cutting-edge new formulations to improve the efficacy, the result can provide some reference for future study.
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Emodin protects against homocysteine-induced cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting oxidative stress via MAPK and Akt/eNOS/NO signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 940:175452. [PMID: 36529277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) causes severe cardiac dysfunction, which is closely associated with oxidative stress. Emodin, a naturally occurring anthraquinone derivative, has been shown to exert antioxidant and anti-apoptosis activities. However, whether emodin could protect against Hcy-induced cardiac dysfunction remains unknown. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of emodin on the Hcy-induced cardiac dysfunction and its molecular mechanisms. Rats were fed a methionine diet to establish the animal model of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). H9C2 cells were incubated with Hcy to induce a cell model of Hcy-injured cardiomyocytes. ELISA, HE staining, carotid artery and left ventricular cannulation, MTT, fluorescence staining, flow cytometry and western blotting were used in this study. Emodin significantly alleviated the structural damage of the myocardium and cardiac dysfunction from HHcy rats. Emodin prevented apoptosis and the collapse of MMP in the Hcy-treated H9C2 cells in vitro. Further, emodin reversed the Hcy-induced apoptosis-related biochemical changes including decreased Bcl-2/Bax protein ratio, and increased protein expression of Caspase-9/3. Moreover, emodin suppressed oxidative stress in Hcy-treated H9C2 cells. Mechanistically, emodin significantly inhibited the Hcy-activated MAPK by reducing ROS generation in H9C2 cells. Furthermore, emodin upregulated NO production by promoting the protein phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS in injured cells. The present study shows that emodin protects against Hcy-induced cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting oxidative stress via MAPK and Akt/eNOS/NO signaling pathways.
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Qi S, Luo R, Han X, Nie W, Ye N, Fu C, Gao F. pH/ROS Dual-Sensitive Natural Polysaccharide Nanoparticles Enhance "One Stone Four Birds" Effect of Rhein on Ulcerative Colitis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:50692-50709. [PMID: 36326017 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rhein (RH), a natural anthraquinone compound, is considered an effective treatment candidate for ulcerative colitis (UC), whose multiple biological activities contribute to UC, including anti-inflammation, antioxidation, intestinal barrier repair, and microflora regulation. However, the application of RH is severely limited by its low water solubility, low bioavailability, and poor colonic targeting. Although some nanoparticles have been developed for the oral delivery of RH, most of them mainly highlighted only one effect of some drug delivery strategies but the above multiple biological activities. Therefore, a multiple polysaccharide-based nanodelivery system, comprising chitosan (CS) and fucoidan (FU), with pH/reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensitivity and mucosal adhesion, was developed and first used to load RH as a comprehensive treatment for UC. Briefly, RH-F/C-NPs were prepared using the polyelectrolyte self-assembly method; the average size of RH-F/C-NPs was 233.1 ± 5.7 nm, and the encapsulation rate of RH was 93.67 ± 1.60%. And it could maintain gastric stability and release RH in the colon with the designed pH/ROS sensitivity contributed by the polysaccharide-based structures. Cellular uptake experiments showed that both NCM 460 cells and RAW 264.7 cells had a good uptake of RH-F/C-NPs. Importantly, the effects of RH were highlighted in in vivo experiments, the results of which showed that RH-F/C-NPs could significantly reduce DSS-induced inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB-mediated anti-inflammatory pathway, the Nrf2/HO-1-mediated antioxidant pathway, colonic mucosal barrier repair, and intestinal microflora regulation. In addition, pharmacokinetic studies have shown that F/C-NPs contribute to the increase in the plasma concentration and the accumulation of RH in the colon to some extent. In short, this study is the first to develop an oral multiple polysaccharide-based nanosystem with pH/ROS dual sensitivity to study the "one stone four birds" therapeutic effect of RH on UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu611130, China
| | - Ruifeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu611130, China
| | - Xiaoqin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu611130, China
| | - Wenbiao Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu611130, China
| | - Naijing Ye
- Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu610072, China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu611130, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu611130, China
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Dirir AM, Daou M, Yousef AF, Yousef LF. A review of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from plants as potential candidates for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2022; 21:1049-1079. [PMID: 34421444 PMCID: PMC8364835 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-021-09773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial global health disorder that is rising at an alarming rate. Cardiovascular diseases, kidney damage and neuropathy are the main cause of high mortality rates among individuals with diabetes. One effective therapeutic approach for controlling hyperglycemia associated with type-2 diabetes is to target alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, enzymes that catalyzes starch hydrolysis in the intestine. At present, approved inhibitors for these enzymes are restricted to acarbose, miglitol and voglibose. Although these inhibitors retard glucose absorption, undesirable gastrointestinal side effects impede their application. Therefore, research efforts continue to seek novel inhibitors with improved efficacy and minimal side effects. Natural products of plant origin have been a valuable source of therapeutic agents with lesser toxicity and side effects. The anti-diabetic potential through alpha-glucosidase inhibition of plant-derived molecules are summarized in this review. Eight molecules (Taxumariene F, Akebonoic acid, Morusin, Rhaponticin, Procyanidin A2, Alaternin, Mulberrofuran K and Psoralidin) were selected as promising drug candidates and their pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity were discussed where available. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11101-021-09773-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina M. Dirir
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Marianne Daou
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ahmed F. Yousef
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Center for Membranes and Advances Water Technology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Lina F. Yousef
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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7
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Zheng Q, Li S, Li X, Liu R. Advances in the study of emodin: an update on pharmacological properties and mechanistic basis. Chin Med 2021; 16:102. [PMID: 34629100 PMCID: PMC8504117 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, also known as rhubarb or Da Huang, has been widely used as a spice and as traditional herbal medicine for centuries, and is currently marketed in China as the principal herbs in various prescriptions, such as Da-Huang-Zhe-Chong pills and Da-Huang-Qing-Wei pills. Emodin, a major bioactive anthraquinone derivative extracted from rhubarb, represents multiple health benefits in the treatment of a host of diseases, such as immune-inflammatory abnormality, tumor progression, bacterial or viral infections, and metabolic syndrome. Emerging evidence has made great strides in clarifying the multi-targeting therapeutic mechanisms underlying the efficacious therapeutic potential of emodin, including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-fibrosis, anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, and anti-diabetic properties. This comprehensive review aims to provide an updated summary of recent developments on these pharmacological efficacies and molecular mechanisms of emodin, with a focus on the underlying molecular targets and signaling networks. We also reviewed recent attempts to improve the pharmacokinetic properties and biological activities of emodin by structural modification and novel material-based targeted delivery. In conclusion, emodin still has great potential to become promising therapeutic options to immune and inflammation abnormality, organ fibrosis, common malignancy, pathogenic bacteria or virus infections, and endocrine disease or disorder. Scientifically addressing concerns regarding the poor bioavailability and vague molecular targets would significantly contribute to the widespread acceptance of rhubarb not only as a dietary supplement in food flavorings and colorings but also as a health-promoting TCM in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shuo Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China.
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8
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Zhao D, Feng SX, Zhang HJ, Zhang N, Liu XF, Wan Y, Zhou YX, Li JS. Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of five rhubarb anthraquinones in rats after oral administration of effective fraction of anthraquinones from rheum officinale. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:916-925. [PMID: 34110981 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1940353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rhubarb, a famous traditional Chinese medicine, shows a wide range of physiological activities and pharmacological benefits. Rhubarb anthraquinones are perceived as the pharmacologically active compounds of Rhubarb, and understanding metabolism of them is crucial to assure safety and effectiveness of clinical application. In this study, the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of five rhubarb anthraquinones (aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion) were systematically investigated after oral administration of rhubarb extract to rats.An HPLC method was developed and validated for quantitation of five rhubarb anthraquinones in rat plasma, tissues, urine and faeces to investigate the Pharmacokinetic characteristics. The results showed that the proposed method was suitable for the quantification of five anthraquinones in plasma, tissue and excreta samples with satisfactory linear (r > 0.99), precision (<10%) and recovery (85.12-104.20%). The plasma concentration profiles showed a quick absorption with the mean Tmax of 0.42-0.75 h and t1/2 of 6.60-15.11 h for five anthraquinones. The analytes were widely distributed in most of the tissues. Approximately 0.13-10.59% and 28.47-81.14% of five anthraquinones were recovered in urine and faeces within 132 h post-dosing, which indicated the major elimination route was faeces excretion.In summary, this study lays a foundation for elucidating the pharmacokinetic rule of rhubarb anthraquinone and the important data can provide reliable scientific resource for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Su-Xiang Feng
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Control and Evaluation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao-Jie Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue-Fang Liu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Wan
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Control and Evaluation, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Jian-Sheng Li
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Control and Evaluation, Zhengzhou, China
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Qiao L, Han M, Gao S, Shao X, Wang X, Sun L, Fu X, Wei Q. Research progress on nanotechnology for delivery of active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicines. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:6333-6351. [PMID: 32633311 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01260b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is growing acceptance of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) as potential sources of clinical agents based on the demonstrated efficacies of numerous bioactive compounds first identified in TCM extracts, such as paclitaxel, camptothecin, and artemisinin. However, there are several challenges to achieving the full clinical potential of many TCMs, particularly the generally high hydrophobicity and low bioavailability. Recently, however, numerous studies have attempted to circumvent the limited in vivo activity and systemic toxicity of TCM ingredients by incorporation into nanoparticle-based delivery systems. Many of these formulations demonstrate improved bioavailability, enhanced tissue targeting, and greater in vivo stability compared to the native compound. This review summarizes nanoformulations of the most promising and extensively studied TCM compounds to provide a reference for further research. Combining these natural compounds with nanotechnology-based delivery systems may further improve the clinical utility of these agents, in turn leading to more intensive research on traditional medicinal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qiao
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
| | - Maosen Han
- College of Phamaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Gao
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Shao
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Network Pharmacology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Sun
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
| | - Xianjun Fu
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Network Pharmacology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China.
| | - Qingcong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China.
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Role of Phytochemicals in Perturbation of Redox Homeostasis in Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010083. [PMID: 33435480 PMCID: PMC7827008 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, research on reactive oxygen species (ROS) has revealed their critical role in the initiation and progression of cancer by virtue of various transcription factors. At certain threshold values, ROS act as signaling molecules leading to activation of oncogenic pathways. However, if perturbated beyond the threshold values, ROS act in an anti-tumor manner leading to cellular death. ROS mediate cellular death through various programmed cell death (PCD) approaches such as apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, etc. Thus, external stimulation of ROS beyond a threshold is considered a promising therapeutic strategy. Phytochemicals have been widely regarded as favorable therapeutic options in many diseased conditions. Over the past few decades, mechanistic studies on phytochemicals have revealed their effect on ROS homeostasis in cancer. Considering their favorable side effect profile, phytochemicals remain attractive treatment options in cancer. Herein, we review some of the most recent studies performed using phytochemicals and, we further delve into the mechanism of action enacted by individual phytochemicals for PCD in cancer.
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11
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Targeting foam cell formation and macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis: The Therapeutic potential of rhubarb. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110433. [PMID: 32768936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease associated with high morbidity and mortality, is characterized by the accumulation of foam cells in the arterial wall. It has long been acknowledged that the formation of foam cells is caused by excess lipid uptake and abnormal cholesterol metabolism function. And increasing evidence shows that inhibiting foam cell formation is a promising way to suppress the development of atherosclerotic lesions. In addition to excess foam cells accumulation, inflammation is another major contributor of atherosclerotic lesions. Recently, macrophage polarization has been demonstrated to play a vital role in the regulation of inflammatory response. Generally, macrophages mainly polarized into two phenotypes: either classically activated pro-inflammatory M1 or alternatively activated anti-inflammatory M2. And targeting macrophage polarization has been considered as a feasible approach to prevent the development of atherosclerosis. At present, the anti-atherosclerosis drugs mainly classified into two types: lipid-lowering drugs and anti-inflammatory drugs. A large part of those drugs belong to western medicine, and various side effects are unavoidable. Interestingly, in recent years, Traditional Chinese medicine has attracted growing attention because of its good efficacy and low negative effects. Rhubarb (called Da Huang in Chinese) is a famous folk medicine with a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, such as lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, we summarized current findings about the regulatory effects of Rhubarb on foam cell formation and macrophage polarization, with emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of action that have been revealed during the past two decades, to better understand its pivotal role in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis.
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12
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Han DE, Shi Y, Tian P, Wei H, Miao M, Li XM. Development of an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-Orbitrap mass spectrometry method for determination of xanthopurpurin in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4838. [PMID: 32246852 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of xanthopurpurin (XPP) in rat plasma using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. XPP inhibits IgE production and prevents peanut-induced anaphylaxis. The XPP and emodin (internal standard) were determined in negative ion mode with m/z 239.0350 → 211.0400 and 269.0455 → 241.0507, respectively. The separation process was achieved using an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water (85:15). The linear range was 0.5-100 ng/mL, and the correlation coefficient (r2 ) was > 0.993. The inter-day and intra-day precision was within an acceptable range of 15%. The extraction recovery and matrix effect were 78.9-87.2% and 94.3-98.5%, respectively. Under different conditions, the XPP was stable in the range of 5.6-10.6%. This method was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetics of XPP with an oral dose of 10.0 mg/kg and intravenous dose of 2.0 mg/kg in rats. The absolute oral bioavailability of XPP was 4.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-En Han
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,International TCM Immunopharmacology Research Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Shi
- International TCM Immunopharmacology Research Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ping Tian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Province Chinese Medicine Research Academy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hengchao Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingsan Miao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,International TCM Immunopharmacology Research Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Liu Y, Mapa MST, Sprando RL. Liver toxicity of anthraquinones: A combined in vitro cytotoxicity and in silico reverse dosimetry evaluation. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 140:111313. [PMID: 32240702 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthraquinones are found in a variety of consumer products such as dietary supplements, traditional Chinese medicines, and drugs. Along with their widespread use, potential safety concerns have emerged, especially liver toxicity. Therefore, there is a need to conduct rapid and inexpensive safety assessment for anthraquinones due to a lack of animal and human toxicological data. Here, a combined in vitro cytotoxicity and in silico reverse dosimetry approach was adopted to consider the potential human liver toxicity of 16 anthraquinones and derivatives. First, cytotoxicity (EC50) in two human liver cell lines (HepG2/C3A and HuH-7) was measured under two conditions (single and repeated dosing, 72 h). Second, toxic doses (Dtox) required to yield plasma steady-state concentrations (Css) equal to in vitro EC50 values were predicted by reverse dosimetry simulation using a PBPK model. Finally, Dtox was compared to literature-derived estimated daily intake (EDI) of anthraquinones to assess safety. Among the 16 anthraquinones, rhein was identified as a potential hepatotoxicant due to a combination of cytotoxicity, plasma concentration, and daily intake level. These in vitro and in silico findings provide preliminary data and guidance for further animal and clinical studies to confirm liver toxicity of anthraquinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Liu
- Division of Toxicology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA.
| | - Mapa S T Mapa
- Division of Toxicology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Robert L Sprando
- Division of Toxicology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA
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Zhang Y, Zhang M, Hu G, Zhang Z, Song R. Elevated system exposures of baicalin after combinatory oral administration of rhein and baicalin: Mainly related to breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2), not UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112528. [PMID: 31884038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription follows the principle of compatibility (peiwu) to achieve the fundamental purpose: to increase efficacy and reduce toxicity. Rhei rhizoma, commonly known as Chinese rhubarb, is the most frequently used herb with Radix Scutellariaee. This classic fixed compatibility is considered for heat-clearing, qi regulation and detoxifying to gain better efficacy and reduce cytotoxicity with respect to unilateral medicine. With this in mind, we propose it is highly promising to find ingredients in rhubarb to increase the bioavailability of baicalin. AIM OF STUDY In the present study, effect of rhien on pharmacokinetic profile of baicalin in rat plasma was investigated, and the underlying mechanisms were partly dissected through intestinal absorption, metabolism and biliary excretion with in vivo, in vitro and in situ assays. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pharmacokinetic analysis in rats was first performed to provide a general overview of the in vivo exposure of baicalin and rhein after co-administration, while the biliary excretion study provided insight to the effect of rhein on the transport of baicalin from hepatocytes to bile. In vitro incubation and inhibition studies in human/rat liver microsome and human/rat intestinal S9 fraction were conducted to elucidate the role of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) on the hepatic and intestinal metabolism of baicalein (the aglycone of baicalin), and to determine whether rhein can affect the UGT-mediated glucuronidation of baicalein. In situ intestinal perfusion study was designed to investigate the effect of rhein on intestinal absorption of baicalin, and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) inhibitor was co-perfused as positive control to demonstrate the role of the efflux transporter, while BCRP-MDCK II cell(Madin-Daby canine kidney cell) model was used as an in vitro approach to further confirm the conclusion. RESULTS The AUC and Cmax of baicalin were increased to 189.93% and 305.73%, respectively, and the clearance of baicalin was significantly decreased from 4.17 ± 2.40 to 1.65 ± 0.79 L/h/kg following oral co-administration of rhein. The AUC of baicalin was markedly increased and the biliary clearance was significantly decreased when baicalin and rhein were co-administered intravenously. The effect of rhein on the glucuronidation of baicalein in various subcellular fractions was examined, and it was found that rhein did not affect the UGT-mediated glucuronidation of baicalein. Results of in situ intestinal perfusion revealed that co-perfusion with Ko143 (a potent BCRP inhibitor) or rhein significantly reduced the cumulative excretion amount of baicalin, from 9.27 ± 2.79 to 2.80 ± 0.97 or 4.84 ± 0.60 nM, respectively. Additionally, the efflux ratio Papp(BL-AP)/Papp(AP-BL) of baicalin in BCRP-MDCK II was decreased significantly in the presence of rhein or Ko143, which meant rhein could inhibit the BCRP-mediated efflux transport of baicalin. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that rhein can increase the bioavailability of baicalin by inhibiting BCRP-mediated efflux transport of baicalin in enterocytes and hepatocytes rather than by affecting the activity of UGT enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Analysis Center, Hubei Bio-Pharmaceutical Industrial Technological Institute Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430075, China.
| | - Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Guangnan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Rui Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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15
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Riyazuddin M, Husain A, Verma S, Katekar R, Garg R, Kumar S, Satish S, Maurya R, Narender T, Chattopadhyay N, Gayen JR. Simultaneous quantification of five biomarkers in ethanolic extract ofCassia occidentalisLinn. stem using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry: application to its pharmacokinetic studies. RSC Adv 2020; 10:4579-4588. [PMID: 35495260 PMCID: PMC9049199 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07482a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cassia occidentalis L. stem extract is used as a purgative, febrifuge, and diuretic, and in the treatment of flu, fever, fracture and bone diseases. Pharmacological studies prove the osteogenic and antiresorptive effects of Cassia occidentalis L. ethanolic extract (COEE), which may be due to apigenin, apigenin-6-C-glucopyranoside, luteolin, 3′,4′,7-trihydroxyflavone and emodin. The objectives of this study was to develop a selective and sensitive LC-MS/MS method and validate for the simultaneous determination of the above five biomarkers in rat plasma after oral administration of COEE at a dose of 500 mg kg−1. The analytes were separated on a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (4.6 × 150 mm, 3.0 μm) with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of methanol-10 mM ammonium acetate buffer (95 : 05, v/v). Run time was for 5.5 min with LLOQ of 1 ng mL−1 for all the analytes. The mass spectrometer was operating in negative ionization mode for quantification of the analytes. The calibration curves were linear (r2 > 0.99) for all the analytes. The intra- and inter-day precisions were less than 8.17% and the relative error was between −8.57% and 7.28%. Analytes were rapidly absorbed in the oral pharmacokinetic study. The biomarkers were stable in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids but underwent metabolism in rat liver microsomes. This is the first report on in vivo oral pharmacokinetics and in vitro stability studies of osteogenic compounds present in COEE. These results will be helpful for further understanding of pharmacodynamic behaviour of COEE and the bioanalytical method will be useful for further preclinical/clinical trials. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to develop a bioanalytical method for simultaneous quantification of five biomarkers of Cassia occidentalis L. ethanolic extract to use in oral pharmacokinetics and in vitro stability studies.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Riyazuddin
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | - Athar Husain
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Saurabh Verma
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Roshan Katekar
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Richa Garg
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | - Sabbu Satish
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | - Rakesh Maurya
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | - Tadigoppula Narender
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | | | - Jiaur R. Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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16
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Mohammed A, Ibrahim MA, Tajuddeen N, Aliyu AB, Isah MB. Antidiabetic potential of anthraquinones: A review. Phytother Res 2019; 34:486-504. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aminu Mohammed
- Department of BiochemistryAhmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
| | | | - Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of ChemistryAhmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
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17
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Jin J, Xue H, Sun X, Zan B, Li Y, Wang T, Shi R, Ma Y. Simultaneous determination of multiple compounds of Da-Huang-Xiao-Shi decoction in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:8-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Physcion and physcion 8-O-β-glucopyranoside: A review of their pharmacology, toxicities and pharmacokinetics. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 310:108722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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19
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Xie L, Tang H, Song J, Long J, Zhang L, Li X. Chrysophanol: a review of its pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:1475-1487. [PMID: 31373015 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chrysophanol is a natural anthraquinone, also known as chrysophanic acid and 1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-anthraquinone. It has been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical fields. This review is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetic researches of chrysophanol. KEY FINDING Information on chrysophanol was collected from the Internet database PubMed, Elsevier, ResearchGate, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library and Europe PM using a combination of keywords including 'pharmacology', 'toxicology' and 'pharmacokinetics'. The literature we collected included from January 2010 to June 2019. Chrysophanol has a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, including anticancer, antioxidation, neuroprotection, antibacterial and antiviral, and regulating blood lipids. However, chrysophanol has obvious hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, and pharmacokinetics indicate that the use of chrysophanol in combination with other drugs can reduce toxicity and enhance efficacy. SUMMARY Chrysophanol can be used in many diseases. Future research directions include how the concentration of chrysophanol affects pharmacological effects and toxicity; the mechanism of synergy between chrysophanol and other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hailong Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiawen Song
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaying Long
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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20
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Zheng J, Fan R, Wu H, Yao H, Yan Y, Liu J, Ran L, Sun Z, Yi L, Dang L, Gan P, Zheng P, Yang T, Zhang Y, Tang T, Wang Y. Directed self-assembly of herbal small molecules into sustained release hydrogels for treating neural inflammation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1604. [PMID: 30962431 PMCID: PMC6453967 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09601-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-assembling natural drug hydrogels formed without structural modification and able to act as carriers are of interest for biomedical applications. A lack of knowledge about natural drug gels limits there current application. Here, we report on rhein, a herbal natural product, which is directly self-assembled into hydrogels through noncovalent interactions. This hydrogel shows excellent stability, sustained release and reversible stimuli-responses. The hydrogel consists of a three-dimensional nanofiber network that prevents premature degradation. Moreover, it easily enters cells and binds to toll-like receptor 4. This enables rhein hydrogels to significantly dephosphorylate IκBα, inhibiting the nuclear translocation of p65 at the NFκB signalling pathway in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 microglia. Subsequently, rhein hydrogels alleviate neuroinflammation with a long-lasting effect and little cytotoxicity compared to the equivalent free-drug in vitro. This study highlights a direct self-assembly hydrogel from natural small molecule as a promising neuroinflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Liver Manifestation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
| | - Huiqiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratry of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Honghui Yao
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410013, Changsha, China
| | - Yujie Yan
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410013, Changsha, China
| | - Jiamiao Liu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410013, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Ran
- Yunnan Food Safety Research Institute, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Zhifang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China
| | - Lunzhao Yi
- Yunnan Food Safety Research Institute, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Li Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, 515063, Shantou, China
| | - Pingping Gan
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
| | - Piao Zheng
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 410208, Changsha, China
| | - Tilong Yang
- Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China. .,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Liver Manifestation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China.
| | - Tao Tang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Liver Manifestation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Liver Manifestation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China.
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21
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Wang J, Chu Y, Li X, Polachi N, Yan XY, Li W, Zhou SP. Pharmacokinetic Study of Main Active Components of Rumex nepalensis Spreng Extract in Rats Plasma by UPLC-MS/MS. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666180214130457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The Rumex nepalensis Spreng (RNS) is a traditional Chinese medicine containing
rich anthraquinones. However, through proper investigation we have found that there were no
reports on the pharmacokinetics of RNS extract in rats.
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Objective: We study on the pharmacokinetic behaviors of emodin, chrysophanol and physcion after oral
administration of RNS extract in rat to achieve a better understanding of further clinical application and
conduct the preparation development of the herb.
Methods:
In the present study, a sensitive and rapid ultra-fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
(UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to determine the three anthraquinones
such as chrysophanol, emodin and physcion in rat plasma along with danthron as the internal standard
(IS). The analytes and IS were separated on an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8
µm) by using the mobile phase of water with 3 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile as gradient elution
at a flow rate of 0.4 mL min -1. The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass
spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization (ESI) by multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) of
the transitions at m/z 253.1 → 225.0 for chrysophanol, 269.0 → 224.9 for emodin, 282.7→ 240.0 for
physcion and m/z 239.0 → 211.0 for IS. The limit of detection and lower limit of quantification were
both 2 ng mL -1 in rat plasma.
Results:
Good linearity of this method was obtained in the range of 2-1000 ng mL -1 , and the correlation
coefficient was greater than 0.990. According to regulatory guidelines, the established method was
fully validated, and the results were within acceptable limits.
Conclusion:
The validated method was successfully applied into a pharmacokinetic study of orally
administered RNS extract in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Yang Chu
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | | | - Xue-ying Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wei Li
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Shui-ping Zhou
- Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
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Zhang Y, Ma H, Mai X, Xu Z, Yang Y, Wang H, Ouyang L, Liu S. Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Metabolic Profile of Rhein Following Oral Administration of Niuhuang Shang Qing Tablets, Rhubarb and Rhein in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.19.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Song R. The Influence of Compatibility of Rhubarb and Radix Scutellariae on the Pharmacokinetics of Anthraquinones and Flavonoids in Rat Plasma. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 43:291-300. [PMID: 29134502 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-017-0444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Rhubarb-Radix scutellariae is a classic herb pair, which is commonly used to clear away heat and toxin in clinic. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of compatibility of Rhubarb and Radix scutellariae on the pharmacokinetic behaviors of anthraquinones and flavonoids in rat plasma. METHODS Eighteen rats were randomly divided into three groups, and were orally administered Rhubarb and/or Radix scutellariae extracts. A sensitive and rapid UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to determine the concentrations of baicalin, baicalein, wogonside, wogonin, rhein, and emodin in rat plasma. The concentrations of phase II conjugates of flavonoid aglycones and anthraquinone aglycones were also determined after hydrolyzing the plasma with sulfatase. RESULTS Compared with administration of Radix scutellariae alone, co-administration of Rhubarb significantly decreased the first maximum plasma concentration (C max1) of baicalin, wogonside, and the phase II conjugates of baicalein, wogonin to 46.40, 61.27, 41.49, and 20.50%, respectively. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0-∞) was significantly decreased from 82.60 ± 20.22 to 51.91 ± 7.46 μM·h for rhein and 276.83 ± 98.02 to 175.42 ± 86.82 μM·h for the phase II conjugates of wogonin after compatibility. The time to reach the first maximum plasma concentration (T max1) of anthraquinones was shortened and the second peak of anthraquinones disappeared after compatibility. CONCLUSIONS Compatibility of Rhubarb and Radix scutellariae can significantly affect the pharmacokinetic behaviors of characteristic constituents of the two herbs. The cause of these pharmacokinetic differences was further discussed combined with the in vivo ADME (absorption, disposition, metabolism, and excretion) processes of anthraquinones and flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia lane, Nanjing, 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia lane, Nanjing, 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rui Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia lane, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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A Simple and Sensitive Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometric Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Anthraquinone Glycosides and Their Aglycones in Rat Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study of Rumex acetosa Extract. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030100. [PMID: 30037041 PMCID: PMC6161010 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rumex acetosa (R. acetosa) has been used in folk remedies for gastrointestinal disorders and cutaneous diseases. Rumex species, in particular, contain abundant anthraquinones. Anthraquinone glycosides and aglycones show different bioactive effects. However, information on the pharmacokinetics of anthraquinone glycosides is limited, and methods to quantify anthraquinone glycosides in plasma are rarely available. A simple and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric bioanalytical method for the simultaneous determination of both anthraquinone glycosides and their aglycones, including emodin, emodin-8-O-β-d-glucoside, chrysophanol, chrysophanol-8-O-β-d-glucoside, physcion, and physcion-8-O-β-d-glucoside , in a low volume of rat plasma (20 µL) was established. A simple and rapid sample preparation was employed using methanol as a precipitating agent with appropriate sensitivity. Chromatographic separation was performed on HPLC by using a biphenyl column with a gradient elution using 2 mM ammonium formate (pH 6) in water and 2 mM ammonium formate (pH 6) in methanol within a run time of 13 min. The anthraquinones were detected on triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer in negative ionization mode using multiple-reaction monitoring. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, and stability. The values of the lower limit of quantitation of anthraquinones were 1–20 ng/mL. The intra-batch and inter-batch accuracies were 96.7–111.9% and the precision was within the acceptable limits. The method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of R. acetosa 70% ethanol extract to rats at a dose of 2 g/kg.
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Liquid-liquid extraction pretreatment samples method used for pharmacokinetic study of rhubarb in rats after oral administrated. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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26
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Yu Q, Jiang LL, Luo N, Fan YX, Ma J, Li P, Li HJ. Enhanced absorption and inhibited metabolism of emodin by 2, 3, 5, 4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside: Possible mechanisms for Polygoni Multiflori Radix-induced liver injury. Chin J Nat Med 2018. [PMID: 28629535 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) has been commonly used as a tonic in China for centuries. However, PMR-associated hepatotoxicity is becoming a safety issue. In our previous in vivo study, an interaction between stilbenes and anthraquinones has been discovered and a hypothesis is proposed that the interaction between stilbene glucoside-enriching fraction and emodin may contribute to the side effects of PMR. To further support our previous in vivo results in rats, the present in vitro study was designed to evaluate the effects of 2, 3, 5, 4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (TSG) on the cellular absorption and human liver microsome metabolism of emodin. The obtained results indicated that the absorption of emodin in Caco-2 cells was enhanced and the metabolism of emodin in human liver microsomes was inhibited after TSG treatment. The effects of the transport inhibitors on the cellular emodin accumulation were also examined. Western blot assay suggested that the depressed metabolism of emodin could be attributed to the down-regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) 1A8, 1A10, and 2B7. These findings definitively demonstrated the existence of interaction between TSG and emodin, which provide a basis for a better understanding of the underlying mechanism for PMR-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li-Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Na Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ya-Xi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Chang J, Zhang L, Gu X, Liu L, Li Z, Miao G, Liu X, Liu P, Xue H, Liu C, Fu Q. The rhubarb total free anthraquinone oral colon-specific drug delivery granules: Comparative pharmacokinetics study with rhubarb by UPLC-MS/MS after oral administration. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Younes M, Aggett P, Aguilar F, Crebelli R, Filipič M, Frutos MJ, Galtier P, Gott D, Gundert-Remy U, Kuhnle GG, Lambré C, Leblanc JC, Lillegaard IT, Moldeus P, Mortensen A, Oskarsson A, Stankovic I, Waalkens-Berendsen I, Woutersen RA, Andrade RJ, Fortes C, Mosesso P, Restani P, Pizzo F, Smeraldi C, Papaioannou A, Wright M. Safety of hydroxyanthracene derivatives for use in food. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05090. [PMID: 32625659 PMCID: PMC7009633 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety of hydroxyanthracene derivatives and to provide advice on a daily intake that does not give rise to concerns about harmful effects to health. Hydroxyanthracene derivatives are a class of chemical substances naturally occurring in different botanical species and used in food to improve bowel function. The ANS Panel reviewed the available scientific data on a possible relationship between hydroxyanthracene derivatives exposure and genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. On the basis of the data currently available, the Panel noted that emodin, aloe-emodin and the structurally related substance danthron have shown evidence of in vitro genotoxicity. Aloe extracts have also been shown to be genotoxic in vitro possibly due to the presence of hydroxyanthracene derivatives in the extract. Furthermore, aloe-emodin was shown to be genotoxic in vivo and the whole-leaf aloe extract and the structural analogue danthron were shown to be carcinogenic. Epidemiological data suggested an increased risk for colorectal cancer associated with the general use of laxatives, several of which contain hydroxyanthracene derivatives. Considering the possible presence of aloe-emodin and emodin in extracts, the Panel concluded that hydroxyanthracene derivatives should be considered as genotoxic and carcinogenic unless there are specific data to the contrary, such as for rhein, and that there is a safety concern for extracts containing hydroxyanthracene derivatives although uncertainty persists. The Panel was unable to provide advice on a daily intake of hydroxyanthracene derivatives that does not give rise to concerns about harmful effects to health.
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Analysis of NaoMaiTong Metabolites Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry in Rat Urine. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jiang LL, Zhao DS, Fan YX, Yu Q, Li P, Li HJ. Detection of Emodin Derived Glutathione Adduct in Normal Rats Administered with Large Dosage of Polygoni Multiflori Radix. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:446. [PMID: 28729838 PMCID: PMC5498464 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) has been commonly used as a tonic in China for centuries. PMR-associated hepatotoxicity has been drawing increasingly more attention in recent years in parallel with its wide utilization. Anthraquinones (AQs) are recognized as the main hepatotoxic components in PMR. However, the exact underlying mechanism of AQs poisoning is still not fully understood. Herein, we proposed a hypothesis that metabolic activation of AQs such as emodin was involved in PMR-induced liver injury, AQs followed to generate the electrophilic reactive metabolites and subsequently formed covalent adduct with cellular nucleophiles in the liver to exert hepatotoxicity. In the present study, the link of cytotoxicity of PMR in primary human hepatocytes and the depletion of glutathione (GSH) was investigated by MTT assay and UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS analysis. The results showed that PMR depleted GSH and therefore induced cytotoxicity. Then, emodin-GSH adduct was identified in bile of liver injured rats after intragastric administration of PMR or emodin with the aid of UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method. Our findings not only provided confirmative evidence that the mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by AQs in PMR involved key metabolic steps, but also revealed that emodin-GSH adduct had potential to be further developed as a sensitive and traceable biomarker for the assessment of PMR-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Ya-Xi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Qiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
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Li J, Shi Y, Ren Y, Cong Z, Wu G, Chen N, Zhao X, Li L. Development and evaluation of self–nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of rhubarb anthraquinones. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Wu WJ, Yan R, Li T, Li YP, Zhou RN, Wang YT. Pharmacokinetic alterations of rhubarb anthraquinones in experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium in the rat. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:600-607. [PMID: 28214059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhubarb (Rhei Rhizoma et Radix) is used for the treatment of digestive diseases in traditional medicinal practice in China. Recent studies also support its beneficial activities in alleviating ulcerative colitis (UC). AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to characterize the oral pharmacokinetics of rhubarb anthraquinones, the main bioactive components of this herb, in the experimental chronic colitis rat model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and to identify the factors causing the pharmacokinetic alterations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats received drinking water (normal group) or 5% DSS for the first 7 days and 3% DSS for additional 14 days (UC group). On day 21 both groups received an oral dose of the rhubarb extract (equivalent to 5.0g crude drug/kg body weight). Plasma anthraquinone aglycones levels were determined directly by an LC-MS/MS method and the total of each anthraquinone (aglycone+conjugates) was quantified after β-glucuronidases hydrolysis. RESULTS Rhubarb anthraquinones predominantly existed as conjugates in plasma samples from both groups and only free aloe-emodin, rhein and emodin were detected. Compared to the normal rats, both Cmax and AUC of the three free anthraquinones were increased, while the systemic exposure (AUC) of the total (aglycone+conjugates) of most anthraquinones decreased by UC accompanied by the disappearance of multiple-peak phenomenon in the plasma concentration-time profiles. Gut bacteria from UC rats exhibited a decreased activity in hydrolyzing anthraquinone glycosides to form respective aglycone and there were significant decreases in microbial β-glucosidases and β-glucuronidases activities. Moreover, the intestinal microsomes from UC rats catalyzed glucuronidation of free anthraquinones with higher activities, while the activities of hepatic microsomes were comparable to normal rats. CONCLUSIONS The decreases of β-glucuronidases activity in DSS-induced chronic rat colitis should mainly account for the decreases in systemic exposure and abrogation of enterohepatic recirculation of most rhubarb anthraquinones after oral intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ru Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ya-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Rui-Na Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Rong Y, Feng S, Wu C, Wang S, Liang S, Liu D. LC-high-resolution-MS/MS analysis of chemical compounds in rat plasma after oral administration of Nao-Mai-Tong and its individual herbs. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Rong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Suxiang Feng
- Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Henan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, and Chinese Medicine Research and Development; Zhengzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Chunwei Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Shumei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwang Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyun Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
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Sun H, Luo G, Xiang Z, Cai X, Chen D. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics study of rhein treating renal fibrosis based on metabonomics approach. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1661-1670. [PMID: 27823631 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The selection of effect indicators in the pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic study of complex diseases to describe the relationship between plasma concentration and effect indicators is difficult. PURPOSE Three effect indicators of renal fibrosis were successfully determined. The relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rhein in rhubarb was elucidated. STUDY DESIGN The study was a metabolomics analysis of rat plasma and pharmacokinetics/ pharmacodynamics of rhein. METHODS A sensitive and simple ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was applied to determine the rhein plasma concentration in the rat model of renal fibrosis and rat sham-operated group after the administration of rhubarb decoction. Then, the ultra performance liquid chromatography-Micromass quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) metabolomics method was used to screen biomarkers of renal fibrosis in rat plasma. Furthermore, the relationship between the plasma concentration of rhein and the concentration of three biomarkers directly related to renal fibrosis were analyzed. RESULTS The three screened biomarkers could represent the effect of rhein treatment on renal fibrosis. Increasing the plasma concentration of rhein tended to restore the concentration of the three biomarkers in the model group compared with that in the sham-operated group. Evident differences in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of rhein were also observed under different pathological states. The results provide valuable information for the clinical application of rhubarb. CONCLUSION Rhein intervention could recover the physiological balance in living organisms from the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic levels. New information on the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study of complex diseases is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Guangwen Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Xiaojun Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Dahui Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Bartlett MG, Chen B. Editor-in-Chief editorial and introduction to 'Metabolomics and biomarkers' special issue. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:5-6. [PMID: 26479865 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Wu C, Zhao L, Rong Y, Zhu G, Liang S, Wang S. The pharmacokinetic screening of multiple components of the Nao Mai Tong formula in rat plasma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry combined with pattern recognition method and its application to comparative pharmacokinetics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 131:345-354. [PMID: 27632784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Nao Mai Tong formula (NMT) is composed of Rhubarb, Ginseng, Ligusticum wallichii and Pueraria in a ratio of 3:3:2:2 (w/w) and is a well-known traditional Chinese prescription that has been clinically employed for treating ischemia cerebrovascular disease. The goal of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of multiple components (chryohol-8-O-β-D-glucoyroide, physcion-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rb3, ginsenoside Rc, senkyunolide I, ligustilide puerarin, daidzein, 3'-methoxy puerarin) after the oral administration of the NMT formula in rats. A rapid and sensitive UHPLC-Quadrupole-Orbitrap-MS with a sequential positive and negative ionization mode was developed to determine the 15 absorbed ingredients. After extraction from blood, the analytes and internal standards were subjected to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with Agela Venusil MPC18 (2.1mm×100mm, 3μm, Agela, USA). The mobile phase consisted of methanol and ammonium acetate (3mmolL-1) under gradient elution conditions. This validated method was successfully applied to a comparative pharmacokinetic study of fifteen components in rat plasma after oral administration of the NMT formula or single herb extracts to normal and stroke-afflicted rats. A principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to evaluate the differences in the pharmacokinetic behavior (time-course) of the absorbed components of NMT, and the absorbed components were assigned to 3 separate clusters. A comparison of the body dynamics of each group indicated that cluster B (ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rb3, ginsenoside Rc) might be the most important constituents controlling the pharmacological effects of NMT. The comparative pharmacokinetic study showed that the different groups had different pharmacokinetic characteristics. The pharmacokinetics-based UHPLC Quadrupole-Orbitrap-MS using a full-scan mode combined with a pattern recognition approach can provide a reliable and suitable means of screening and identifying potentially bioactive components that contribute to the pharmacological effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwei Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yueying Rong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Guoxue Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shengwang Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Shumei Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Yuan Y, Zheng J, Wang M, Li Y, Ruan J, Zhang H. Metabolic Activation of Rhein: Insights into the Potential Toxicity Induced by Rhein-Containing Herbs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5742-5750. [PMID: 27362917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rhein is a major component of the many medicinal herbs such as rhubarb. Despite wide use, intoxication cases associated with rhein-containing herbs are often reported. The present work aimed to investigate if rhein was subject to metabolic activation leading to toxicity. Upon incubations with different species of liver microsomes, three monoglucuronides were identified, corresponding to two hydroxyl glucuronides and one acyl glucuronide via the carboxyl group, respectively. Further study revealed that rhein acyl glucuronide was chemically reactive, and showed cytotoxicity toward hepatocarcinoma cells. In addition, significant species differences in glucuronidation of rhein were observed between laboratory animals and humans. Reaction phenotyping experiments demonstrated that rhein acyl glucuronide was catalyzed predominantly by uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1, 1A9, and 2B7. Taken together, the present study confirmed that rhein could be metabolically activated via the formation of acyl glucuronide, especially in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiyue Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Meiyu Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jianqing Ruan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou, 215123, China
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Wang M, Hu G, Tian Y, Zhang Z, Song R. Influence of wine-processing on the pharmacokinetics of anthraquinone aglycones and glycosides from rhubarb in hyperlipidemic hamsters. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27273d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to investigate the influence of wine-processing on pharmacokinetics of anthraquinones from rhubarb in hyperlipidemic hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education)
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Guangnan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education)
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education)
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education)
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine
| | - Rui Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education)
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine
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Dong LC, Fan YX, Yu Q, Ma J, Dong X, Li P, Li HJ. Synergistic effects of rhubarb-gardenia herb pair in cholestatic rats at pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic levels. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:67-74. [PMID: 26376237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Herb pair serves as the basic building block of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula. The rhubarb-gardenia herb pair (RGHP), composed of rhubarb and gardenia, has meaningful clinical effects to cure cholestasis diseases. This study was designed to confirm the expected synergistic effects of RGHP at pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, model and drug-treated groups. After intragastrically administrated with α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) to induce cholestasis, rats were treated with rhubarb, gardenia or RGHP. For pharmacodynamic study, biochemical and histopathological tests were performed to assess the hepatoprotective effects. While for pharmacokinetic study, a LC-MS method was developed for determination of five main chemical markers, namely genipin, rhein, aloe emodin, emodin and chrysophanol in rat plasma. RESULTS The biochemical and histopathological tests suggested that RGHP exerted enhanced hepatoprotective effects against the ANIT-induced cholestasis compared with single herbs. The pharmacokinetic study indicated RGHP could significantly elevate systemic exposure level and prolong retention time of five markers in comparison with rhubarb or gardenia alone. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated the synergistic effects of RGHP in ANIT-induced cholestatic rats at pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic levels, and has significant enlightenments for the rational use of the related TCM formulas containing RGHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Chi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ya-Xi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Identification of the absorbed components and metabolites of Zhi-Zi-Da-Huang decoction in rat plasma by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 111:277-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Kuete V, Donfack ARN, Mbaveng AT, Zeino M, Tane P, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of anthraquinones from the roots of Pentas schimperi towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cells. Invest New Drugs 2015; 33:861-9. [PMID: 26115800 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-015-0268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multidrug resistance in cancer represents a major problem in chemotherapy. The present study was designed to assess the cytotoxicity of anthraquinones from Pentas schimperi, namely damnacanthal (1), damnacanthol (2), 3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl anthraquinone (3) and schimperiquinone B (4) against nine drug-sensitive and multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cell lines. METHODS The resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the above compounds, whilst caspase-Glo assay was used to detect the activation of caspases enzymes by compounds 1 and 2. Cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and levels of reactive oxygen species were all analyzed via flow cytometry. RESULTS Anthraquinones 1 and 2 displayed cytotoxic effects with IC50 values below 81 μM on all the nine tested cancer cell lines whilst 3 and 4 displayed selective activities. The recorded IC50 values for compounds 1 and 2 ranged from 3.12 μM and 12.18 μM (towards leukemia CCRF-CEM cells) and from 30.32 μM and 80.11 μM (towards gliobastoma U87MG.ΔEGFR cells) respectively, and from 0.20 μM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 195.12 μM (against CEM/ADR5000 cells) for doxorubicin. Compounds 1 and 2 induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells, mediated by the disruption of the MMP and increase in ROS production. CONCLUSIONS Anthraquinones from Pentas schimperi and mostly 1 and 2 are potential cytotoxic natural products that deserve more investigations to develop novel antineoplastic drugs against multifactorial drug resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Li YX, Gong XH, Li Y, Zhang RQ, Yuan A, Zhao MJ, Zeng DW, Peng C. The Influence of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. on the Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Main Components in Rheum palmatum L. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1259-64. [PMID: 25963314 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Rhei Radix et Rhizoma was one of the commonly used traditional Chinese medicines, and the compatibility of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata was the basic herb pair applied in many Chinese traditional prescription. Rhubarb anthraquinones were the main bioactive materials of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. To elucidate the compatibility of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, the pharmacokinetics of rhubarb anthraquinones as the main marker constituents were investigated. In the present study, pharmacokinetic differences of rhubarb anthraquinones were detected after oral administration of extract of Rheum palmatum L. and compatibility with Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. After oral administration, no difference of peak time can be found for anthraquinones between rhubarb group and compatibility group. But Cmax and area under the curve of aloe-emodin, emodin and chrysophanol in compatibility group were significantly higher than that in rhubarb group. Although the Cmax of rhein in compatibility group was much lower than that in rhubarb group, the area under the curve value was similar in two groups. The clearance and t1/2 of rhubarb anthraquinone were also changed after compatibility. The change of pharmacokinetics characteristics of rhubarb anthraquinone after compatibility may be caused by the drug-drug interaction medicated by chemical reaction and cytochromes P450.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-xia Li
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Xiao-hong Gong
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Yan Li
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Ruo-qi Zhang
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - An Yuan
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Meng-jie Zhao
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Dai-wen Zeng
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
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Wang Y, Fan R, Luo J, Tang T, Xing Z, Xia Z, Peng W, Wang W, Lv H, Huang W, Liang Y, Yi L, Lu H, Huang X. An ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of rhein in patients with traumatic brain injury after administration of rhubarb decoction. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1100-8. [PMID: 25598181 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha PR China
| | - Rong Fan
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha PR China
| | - Jiekun Luo
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha PR China
| | - Tao Tang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha PR China
| | - Zhihua Xing
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha PR China
| | - Zian Xia
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha PR China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha PR China
| | - Wenzhu Wang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha PR China
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine; Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Huiying Lv
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute; Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Changsha PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha PR China
| | - Yizeng Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha PR China
| | - Lunzhao Yi
- Yunnan Food Safety Research Institute; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming PR China
| | - Hongmei Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha PR China
| | - Xi Huang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha PR China
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A novel GC–MS method for determination of chrysophanol in rat plasma and tissues: Application to the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and plasma protein binding studies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 973C:76-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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In vitro glucuronidation of five rhubarb anthraquinones by intestinal and liver microsomes from humans and rats. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 219:18-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gong XH, Li Y, Zhang RQ, Xie XF, Peng C, Li YX. The synergism mechanism of Rhubarb Anthraquinones on constipation elucidated by comparative pharmacokinetics of Rhubarb extract between normal and diseased rats. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2014; 40:379-88. [PMID: 24996641 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-014-0216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the study, it was hypothesized that Rhubarb Anthraquinones synergistically enhanced the purgative effect on constipation rat from the direct and indirect pathway at the same time. A validated HPLC method was successfully applied to elucidate the synergism mechanism from pharmacokinetics aspect after oral administration of Rhubarb extract with a dose of 0.25 g to normal and constipation rats. Comparison of the pharmacokinetic data of normal and constipation rats showed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the main pharmacokinetic parameters. The C max and AUC of emodin in constipation rats were about ten times that of normal rats, while the t 1/2 was remarkably decreased (p < 0.05). However, a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in AUC value for aloe-emodin and rhein was observed in model group compared with normal group. The results may be attributed to the direct action of aloe-emodin and rhein on intestinal cell membranes and the indirect action of emodin on bowel movement through the adjustment by nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Gong
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruo-Qi Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fang Xie
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun-Xia Li
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, People's Republic of China.
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