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The differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into hematopoietic stem cells on 3D bone scaffold in a dynamic culture system. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102044. [PMID: 36905860 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is used for cell-based therapy for many hematological disorders. However, difficulty in finding proper donors has limited this source of stem cells. For clinical application, the generation of these cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSs) is a fascinating and endless source. One of the experimental methods to generate HSCs from iPSs is the mimicking of the hematopoietic niche. In the current study, as the first phase of differentiation, embryoid bodies were formed from iPSs. They were then cultured in different dynamic conditions in order to determine the appropriate settings for their differentiation into HSCs. The dynamic culture was composed of DBM Scaffold with or without growth factor. After ten days, the specific HSC markers (CD34, CD133, CD31 and CD45) were assessed using flow-cytometry. Our findings demonstrated that the dynamic conditions were significantly suitable than static ones. In addition, in 3D scaffold and dynamic system the expression of CXCR4, as a homing marker, was increased. These results suggest that the 3D culture bioreactor with DBM scaffold could provide a new approach for differentiation of iPSs into HSCs. Moreover, this system could provide maximum mimicry of bone marrow niche.
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Algorri JF, Roldán-Varona P, Fernández-Manteca MG, López-Higuera JM, Rodriguez-Cobo L, Cobo-García A. Photonic Microfluidic Technologies for Phytoplankton Research. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1024. [PMID: 36421145 PMCID: PMC9688872 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton is a crucial component for the correct functioning of different ecosystems, climate regulation and carbon reduction. Being at least a quarter of the biomass of the world's vegetation, they produce approximately 50% of atmospheric O2 and remove nearly a third of the anthropogenic carbon released into the atmosphere through photosynthesis. In addition, they support directly or indirectly all the animals of the ocean and freshwater ecosystems, being the base of the food web. The importance of their measurement and identification has increased in the last years, becoming an essential consideration for marine management. The gold standard process used to identify and quantify phytoplankton is manual sample collection and microscopy-based identification, which is a tedious and time-consuming task and requires highly trained professionals. Microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip technology represents a potential technical solution for environmental monitoring, for example, in situ quantifying toxic phytoplankton. Its main advantages are miniaturisation, portability, reduced reagent/sample consumption and cost reduction. In particular, photonic microfluidic chips that rely on optical sensing have emerged as powerful tools that can be used to identify and analyse phytoplankton with high specificity, sensitivity and throughput. In this review, we focus on recent advances in photonic microfluidic technologies for phytoplankton research. Different optical properties of phytoplankton, fabrication and sensing technologies will be reviewed. To conclude, current challenges and possible future directions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Algorri
- Photonics Engineering Group, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniera, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Pablo Roldán-Varona
- Photonics Engineering Group, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniera, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | | | - José Miguel López-Higuera
- Photonics Engineering Group, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniera, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Luis Rodriguez-Cobo
- Photonics Engineering Group, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniera, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Adolfo Cobo-García
- Photonics Engineering Group, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniera, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
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Höving AL, Schmitz J, Schmidt KE, Greiner JFW, Knabbe C, Kaltschmidt B, Grünberger A, Kaltschmidt C. Human Blood Serum Induces p38-MAPK- and Hsp27-Dependent Migration Dynamics of Adult Human Cardiac Stem Cells: Single-Cell Analysis via a Microfluidic-Based Cultivation Platform. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080708. [PMID: 34439941 PMCID: PMC8389316 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Adult human stem cells possess the ability to contribute to endogenous regeneration processes of injured tissue by migrating to specific locations. For stem cell-based clinical applications it is highly important to gain knowledge about the migration behavior of adult human stem cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms of this ability. Human blood serum has been shown to have beneficial effects on other regenerative capacities of adult human stem cells. Within this study we tested the effect of human blood serum on the migration behavior of stem cells from the human heart. We used a microfluidic cultivation device, which allowed us to monitor the living cells and their movement behavior in real time. After addition of human blood serum, the heart stem cells increased their speed of movement and covered distance. Further, we observed that this effect could be diminished by inhibition of a specific kinase, p38-MAPK. Thus, our data suggest beneficial effects of human blood serum on adult human heart stem cells dependent on p38-MAPK. Our study contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of stem cell migration and introduces a new platform to monitor stem cell movement in real time. Abstract Migratory capabilities of adult human stem cells are vital for assuring endogenous tissue regeneration and stem cell-based clinical applications. Although human blood serum has been shown to be beneficial for cell migration and proliferation, little is known about its impact on the migratory behavior of cardiac stem cells and underlying signaling pathways. Within this study, we investigated the effects of human blood serum on primary human cardiac stem cells (hCSCs) from the adult heart auricle. On a technical level, we took advantage of a microfluidic cultivation platform, which allowed us to characterize cell morphologies and track migration of single hCSCs via live cell imaging over a period of up to 48 h. Our findings showed a significantly increased migration distance and speed of hCSCs after treatment with human serum compared to control. Exposure of blood serum-stimulated hCSCs to the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) inhibitor SB239063 resulted in significantly decreased migration. Moreover, we revealed increased phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) upon serum treatment, which was diminished by p38-MAPK-inhibition. In summary, we demonstrate human blood serum as a strong inducer of adult human cardiac stem cell migration dependent on p38-MAPK/Hsp27-signalling. Our findings further emphasize the great potential of microfluidic cultivation devices for assessing spatio-temporal migration dynamics of adult human stem cells on a single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Höving
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (K.E.S.); (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Julian Schmitz
- Multiscale Bioengineering, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Kazuko E. Schmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (K.E.S.); (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
| | - Johannes F. W. Greiner
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (K.E.S.); (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (K.E.S.); (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Grünberger
- Multiscale Bioengineering, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (K.E.S.); (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
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Abstract
Microfluidics has played a vital role in developing novel methods to investigate biological phenomena at the molecular and cellular level during the last two decades. Microscale engineering of cellular systems is nevertheless a nascent field marked inherently by frequent disruptive advancements in technology such as PDMS-based soft lithography. Viable culture and manipulation of cells in microfluidic devices requires knowledge across multiple disciplines including molecular and cellular biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering. There has been numerous excellent reviews in the past 15 years on applications of microfluidics for molecular and cellular biology including microfluidic cell culture (Berthier et al., 2012; El-Ali, Sorger, & Jensen, 2006; Halldorsson et al., 2015; Kim et al., 2007; Mehling & Tay, 2014; Sackmann et al., 2014; Whitesides, 2006; Young & Beebe, 2010), cell culture models (Gupta et al., 2016; Inamdar & Borenstein, 2011; Meyvantsson & Beebe, 2008), cell secretion (Schrell et al., 2016), chemotaxis (Kim & Wu, 2012; Wu et al., 2013), neuron culture (Millet & Gillette, 2012a, 2012b), drug screening (Dittrich & Manz, 2006; Eribol, Uguz, & Ulgen, 2016; Wu, Huang, & Lee, 2010), cell sorting (Autebert et al., 2012; Bhagat et al., 2010; Gossett et al., 2010; Wyatt Shields Iv, Reyes, & López, 2015), single cell studies (Lecault et al., 2012; Reece et al., 2016; Yin & Marshall, 2012), stem cell biology (Burdick & Vunjak-Novakovic, 2009; Wu et al., 2011; Zhang & Austin, 2012), cell differentiation (Zhang et al., 2017a), systems biology (Breslauer, Lee, & Lee, 2006), 3D cell culture (Huh et al., 2011; Li et al., 2012; van Duinen et al., 2015), spheroids and organoids (Lee et al., 2016; Montanez-Sauri, Beebe, & Sung, 2015; Morimoto & Takeuchi, 2013; Skardal et al., 2016; Young, 2013), organ-on-chip (Bhatia & Ingber, 2014; Esch, Bahinski, & Huh, 2015; Huh et al., 2011; van der Meer & van den Berg, 2012), and tissue engineering (Andersson & Van Den Berg, 2004; Choi et al., 2007; Hasan et al., 2014). In this chapter, we provide an overview of PDMS-based microdevices for microfluidic cell culture. We discuss the advantages and challenges of using PDMS-based soft lithography for microfluidic cell culture and highlight recent progress and future directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melikhan Tanyeri
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Savaş Tay
- Institute of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Institute of Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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Fitzpatrick S, Sprando R. Advancing Regulatory Science Through Innovation: In Vitro Microphysiological Systems. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 7:239-240. [PMID: 30585159 PMCID: PMC6305840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Fitzpatrick
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland.
| | - Robert Sprando
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
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Geraili A, Jafari P, Hassani MS, Araghi BH, Mohammadi MH, Ghafari AM, Tamrin SH, Modarres HP, Kolahchi AR, Ahadian S, Sanati-Nezhad A. Controlling Differentiation of Stem Cells for Developing Personalized Organ-on-Chip Platforms. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 28910516 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-chip (OOC) platforms have attracted attentions of pharmaceutical companies as powerful tools for screening of existing drugs and development of new drug candidates. OOCs have primarily used human cell lines or primary cells to develop biomimetic tissue models. However, the ability of human stem cells in unlimited self-renewal and differentiation into multiple lineages has made them attractive for OOCs. The microfluidic technology has enabled precise control of stem cell differentiation using soluble factors, biophysical cues, and electromagnetic signals. This study discusses different tissue- and organ-on-chip platforms (i.e., skin, brain, blood-brain barrier, bone marrow, heart, liver, lung, tumor, and vascular), with an emphasis on the critical role of stem cells in the synthesis of complex tissues. This study further recaps the design, fabrication, high-throughput performance, and improved functionality of stem-cell-based OOCs, technical challenges, obstacles against implementing their potential applications, and future perspectives related to different experimental platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Geraili
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi, Tehran 14588-89694 Iran
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering; Western University; London N6A 5B9 ON Canada
| | - Parya Jafari
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering; Western University; London N6A 5B9 ON Canada
- Department of Electrical Engineering; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi, Tehran 14588-89694 Iran
| | - Mohsen Sheikh Hassani
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering; Carleton University; 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa K1S 5B6 ON Canada
| | - Behnaz Heidary Araghi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi, Tehran 14588-89694 Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON M5S 3G9 Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Amir Mohammad Ghafari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology; Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology; Tehran 16635-148 Iran
| | - Sara Hasanpour Tamrin
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory (BioM); Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Hassan Pezeshgi Modarres
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory (BioM); Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Ahmad Rezaei Kolahchi
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory (BioM); Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON M5S 3G9 Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory (BioM); Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education; Biomedical Engineering Program; University of Calgary; Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
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Narayanan K, Mishra S, Singh S, Pei M, Gulyas B, Padmanabhan P. Engineering Concepts in Stem Cell Research. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 28901712 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine integrates advancements made in stem cells, molecular biology, engineering, and clinical methodologies. Stem cells serve as a fundamental ingredient for therapeutic application in regenerative medicine. Apart from stem cells, engineering concepts have equally contributed to the success of stem cell based applications in improving human health. The purpose of various engineering methodologies is to develop regenerative and preventive medicine to combat various diseases and deformities. Explosion of stem cell discoveries and their implementation in clinical setting warrants new engineering concepts and new biomaterials. Biomaterials, microfluidics, and nanotechnology are the major engineering concepts used for the implementation of stem cells in regenerative medicine. Many of these engineering technologies target the specific niche of the cell for better functional capability. Controlling the niche is the key for various developmental activities leading to organogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Biomimetic understanding not only helped to improve the design of the matrices or scaffolds by incorporating suitable biological and physical components, but also ultimately aided adoption of designs that helped these materials/devices have better function. Adoption of engineering concepts in stem cell research improved overall achievement, however, several important issues such as long-term effects with respect to systems biology needs to be addressed. Here, in this review the authors will highlight some interesting breakthroughs in stem cell biology that use engineering methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Narayanan
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, One Medical Center Drive, 2 Morgantown, WV 26505-9196, USA
| | - Sachin Mishra
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Satnam Singh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, One Medical Center Drive, 2 Morgantown, WV 26505-9196, USA
| | - Balazs Gulyas
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Parasuraman Padmanabhan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore
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8
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Disrupting Tumor Angiogenesis and "the Hunger Games" for Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1026:171-195. [PMID: 29282684 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6020-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, one of the hallmarks of cancers, has become an attractive target for cancer therapy since decades ago. It is broadly thought that upregulation of angiogenesis is involved in tumor progression and metastasis. Though tumor vessels are tortuous, disorganized, and leaky, they deliver oxygen and nutrients for tumor development. Based on this knowledge, many kinds of drugs targeting angiogenesis pathways have been developed, such as bevacizumab. However, the clinical outcomes of anti-angiogenesis therapies are moderate in metastatic breast cancer as well as in metastatic colorectal cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, even combined with traditional chemotherapy. In this chapter, the morphologic angiogenesis patterns and the key molecular pathways regulating angiogenesis are elaborated. The FDA-approved anti-angiogenesis drugs and current challenges of anti-angiogenesis therapy are described. The strategies to overcome the barriers will also be elucidated.
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9
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Menachery A, Kumawat N, Qasaimeh MA. Merging orthogonal microfluidic flows to generate multi-profile concentration gradients. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09692e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This work describes a novel microfluidic device capable of generating multi-profile gradients that include sigmoidal, parabolic, and exponential concentration variations across its main channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Menachery
- Division of Engineering
- New York University Abu Dhabi
- Abu Dhabi
- United Arab Emirates
| | - N. Kumawat
- Division of Engineering
- New York University Abu Dhabi
- Abu Dhabi
- United Arab Emirates
| | - M. A. Qasaimeh
- Division of Engineering
- New York University Abu Dhabi
- Abu Dhabi
- United Arab Emirates
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
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10
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Super A, Jaccard N, Cardoso Marques MP, Macown RJ, Griffin LD, Veraitch FS, Szita N. Real-time monitoring of specific oxygen uptake rates of embryonic stem cells in a microfluidic cell culture device. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:1179-89. [PMID: 27214658 PMCID: PMC5103178 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen plays a key role in stem cell biology as a signaling molecule and as an indicator of cell energy metabolism. Quantification of cellular oxygen kinetics, i.e. the determination of specific oxygen uptake rates (sOURs), is routinely used to understand metabolic shifts. However current methods to determine sOUR in adherent cell cultures rely on cell sampling, which impacts on cellular phenotype. We present real‐time monitoring of cell growth from phase contrast microscopy images, and of respiration using optical sensors for dissolved oxygen. Time‐course data for bulk and peri‐cellular oxygen concentrations obtained for Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and mouse embryonic stem cell (mESCs) cultures successfully demonstrated this non‐invasive and label‐free approach. Additionally, we confirmed non‐invasive detection of cellular responses to rapidly changing culture conditions by exposing the cells to mitochondrial inhibiting and uncoupling agents. For the CHO and mESCs, sOUR values between 8 and 60 amol cell−1 s−1, and 5 and 35 amol cell−1 s−1 were obtained, respectively. These values compare favorably with literature data. The capability to monitor oxygen tensions, cell growth, and sOUR, of adherent stem cell cultures, non‐invasively and in real time, will be of significant benefit for future studies in stem cell biology and stem cell‐based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Super
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Jaccard
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rhys Jarred Macown
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Donald Griffin
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Farlan Singh Veraitch
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Szita
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Santo VE, Babo P, Amador M, Correia C, Cunha B, Coutinho DF, Neves NM, Mano JF, Reis RL, Gomes ME. Engineering Enriched Microenvironments with Gradients of Platelet Lysate in Hydrogel Fibers. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:1985-97. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vítor E. Santo
- 3B’s
Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering
and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-243Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Pedro Babo
- 3B’s
Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering
and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-243Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Miguel Amador
- 3B’s
Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering
and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-243Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Cláudia Correia
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Cunha
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Daniela F. Coutinho
- 3B’s
Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering
and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-243Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Nuno M. Neves
- 3B’s
Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering
and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-243Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- 3B’s
Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering
and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-243Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s
Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering
and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-243Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Manuela E. Gomes
- 3B’s
Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering
and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-243Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
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12
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Flamini V, Jiang WG, Lane J, Cui YX. Significance and therapeutic implications of endothelial progenitor cells in angiogenic-mediated tumour metastasis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 100:177-89. [PMID: 26917455 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer conveys profound social and economic consequences throughout the world. Metastasis is responsible for approximately 90% of cancer-associated mortality and, when it occurs, cancer becomes almost incurable. During metastatic dissemination, cancer cells pass through a series of complex steps including the establishment of tumour-associated angiogenesis. The human endothelial progenitor cells (hEPCs) are a cell population derived from the bone marrow which are required for endothelial tubulogenesis and neovascularization. They also express abundant inflammatory cytokines and paracrine angiogenic factors. Clinically hEPCs are highly correlated with relapse, disease progression, metastasis and treatment response in malignancies such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer and non-small-cell lung carcinoma. It has become evident that the hEPCs are involved in the angiogenesis-required progression and metastasis of tumours. However, it is not clear in what way the signalling pathways, controlling the normal cellular function of human BM-derived EPCs, are hijacked by aggressive tumour cells to facilitate tumour metastasis. In addition, the actual roles of hEPCs in tumour angiogenesis-mediated metastasis are not well characterised. In this paper we reviewed the clinical relevance of the hEPCs with cancer diagnosis, progression and prognosis. We further summarised the effects of tumour microenvironment on the hEPCs and underlying mechanisms. We also hypothesized the roles of altered hEPCs in tumour angiogenesis and metastasis. We hope this review may enhance our understanding of the interaction between hEPCs and tumour cells thus aiding the development of cellular-targeted anti-tumour therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Flamini
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Jane Lane
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Yu-Xin Cui
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK.
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13
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Fluid Flow Shear Stress Stimulation on a Multiplex Microfluidic Device for Rat Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Differentiation Enhancement. MICROMACHINES 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/mi6121470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Two-Aperture Microfluidic Probes as Flow Dipole: Theory and Applications. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11943. [PMID: 26169160 PMCID: PMC4500946 DOI: 10.1038/srep11943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A microfluidic probe (MFP) is a mobile channel-less microfluidic system under which a fluid is injected from an aperture into an open space, hydrodynamically confined by a surrounding fluid, and entirely re-aspirated into a second aperture. Various MFPs have been developed, and have been used for applications ranging from surface patterning of photoresists to local perfusion of organotypic tissue slices. However, the hydrodynamic and mass transfer properties of the flow under the MFP have not been analyzed, and the flow parameters are adjusted empirically. Here, we present an analytical model describing the key transport properties in MFP operation, including the dimensions of the hydrodynamic flow confinement (HFC) area, diffusion broadening, and shear stress as a function of: (i) probe geometry (ii) aspiration-to-injection flow rate ratio (iii) gap between MFP and substrate and (iv) reagent diffusivity. Analytical results and scaling laws were validated against numerical simulations and experimental results from published data. These results will be useful to guide future MFP design and operation, notably to control the MFP "brush stroke" while preserving shear-sensitive cells and tissues.
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15
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Moreno EL, Hachi S, Hemmer K, Trietsch SJ, Baumuratov AS, Hankemeier T, Vulto P, Schwamborn JC, Fleming RMT. Differentiation of neuroepithelial stem cells into functional dopaminergic neurons in 3D microfluidic cell culture. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:2419-2428. [PMID: 25902196 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00180c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of Parkinson's disease is the progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. We derived human neuroepithelial cells from induced pluripotent stem cells and successfully differentiated them into dopaminergic neurons within phase-guided, three-dimensional microfluidic cell culture bioreactors. After 30 days of differentiation within the microfluidic bioreactors, in situ morphological, immunocytochemical and calcium imaging confirmed the presence of dopaminergic neurons that were spontaneously electrophysiologically active, a characteristic feature of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in vivo. Differentiation was as efficient as in macroscopic culture, with up to 19% of differentiated neurons immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase, the penultimate enzyme in the synthesis of dopamine. This new microfluidic cell culture model integrates the latest innovations in developmental biology and microfluidic cell culture to generate a biologically realistic and economically efficient route to personalised drug discovery for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edinson Lucumi Moreno
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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16
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Qi H, Huang G, Han YL, Lin W, Li X, Wang S, Lu TJ, Xu F. In vitro spatially organizing the differentiation in individual multicellular stem cell aggregates. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 36:20-31. [PMID: 25025275 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.922917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With significant potential as a robust source to produce specific somatic cells for regenerative medicine, stem cells have attracted increasing attention from both academia and government. In vivo, stem cell differentiation is a process under complicated regulations to precisely build tissue with unique spatial structures. Since multicellular spheroidal aggregates of stem cells, commonly called as embryoid bodies (EBs), are considered to be capable of recapitulating the events in early stage of embryonic development, a variety of methods have been developed to form EBs in vitro for studying differentiation of embryonic stem cells. The regulation of stem cell differentiation is crucial in directing stem cells to build tissue with the correct spatial architecture for specific functions. However, stem cells within the three-dimensional multicellular aggregates undergo differentiation in a less unpredictable and spatially controlled manner in vitro than in vivo. Recently, various microengineering technologies have been developed to manipulate stem cells in vitro in a spatially controlled manner. Herein, we take the spotlight on these technologies and researches that bring us the new potential for manipulation of stem cells for specific purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qi
- a MOE Key laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China .,b Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China .,c Department of Medical Genome Sciences , Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba , Japan
| | - Guoyou Huang
- a MOE Key laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China .,b Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Long Han
- a MOE Key laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China .,b Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Lin
- a MOE Key laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China .,b Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujun Li
- d Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at EI Paso , EI Paso , TX , USA , and
| | - Shuqi Wang
- e Brigham Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- b Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xu
- a MOE Key laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China .,b Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
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17
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Sciancalepore AG, Sallustio F, Girardo S, Gioia Passione L, Camposeo A, Mele E, Di Lorenzo M, Costantino V, Schena FP, Pisignano D. A bioartificial renal tubule device embedding human renal stem/progenitor cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87496. [PMID: 24498117 PMCID: PMC3907467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a bio-inspired renal microdevice that resembles the in vivo structure of a kidney proximal tubule. For the first time, a population of tubular adult renal stem/progenitor cells (ARPCs) was embedded into a microsystem to create a bioengineered renal tubule. These cells have both multipotent differentiation abilities and an extraordinary capacity for injured renal cell regeneration. Therefore, ARPCs may be considered a promising tool for promoting regenerative processes in the kidney to treat acute and chronic renal injury. Here ARPCs were grown to confluence and exposed to a laminar fluid shear stress into the chip, in order to induce a functional cell polarization. Exposing ARPCs to fluid shear stress in the chip led the aquaporin-2 transporter to localize at their apical region and the Na+K+ATPase pump at their basolateral portion, in contrast to statically cultured ARPCs. A recovery of urea and creatinine of (20±5)% and (13±5)%, respectively, was obtained by the device. The microengineered biochip here-proposed might be an innovative “lab-on-a-chip” platform to investigate in vitro ARPCs behaviour or to test drugs for therapeutic and toxicological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Giovanna Sciancalepore
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, Italy
- * E-mail: (AGS); (DP)
| | - Fabio Sallustio
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Centro Addestramento Ricerca Scientifica in Oncologia (C.A.R.S.O.) Consortium, Valenzano, Italy
- Department of Science, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Salvatore Girardo
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory of Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Lecce, Italy
| | - Laura Gioia Passione
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, Italy
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory of Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Universitá del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Andrea Camposeo
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, Italy
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory of Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Lecce, Italy
| | - Elisa Mele
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, Italy
| | - Mirella Di Lorenzo
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory of Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Lecce, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Costantino
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Schena
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Centro Addestramento Ricerca Scientifica in Oncologia (C.A.R.S.O.) Consortium, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Dario Pisignano
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano, Italy
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory of Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Universitá del Salento, Lecce, Italy
- * E-mail: (AGS); (DP)
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18
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Reichen M, Veraitch FS, Szita N. Development of a multiplexed microfluidic platform for the automated cultivation of embryonic stem cells. JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AUTOMATION 2013; 18:519-29. [PMID: 23970473 PMCID: PMC4107755 DOI: 10.1177/2211068213499917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a multiplexed platform for a microfabricated stem cell culture device. The modular platform contains all the components to control stem cell culture conditions in an automated fashion. It does not require an incubator during perfusion culture and can be mounted on the stage of an inverted fluorescence microscope for high-frequency imaging of stem cell cultures. A pressure-driven pump provides control over the medium flow rate and offers switching of the flow rates. Flow rates of the pump are characterized for different pressure settings, and a linear correlation between the applied pressure and the flow rate in the cell culture devices is shown. In addition, the pump operates with two culture medium reservoirs, thus enabling the switching of the culture medium on-the-fly during a cell culture experiment. Also, with our platform, the culture medium reservoirs are cooled to prevent medium degradation during long-term experiments. Media temperature is then adjusted to a higher controlled temperature before entering the microfabricated cell culture device. Furthermore, the temperature is regulated in the microfabricated culture devices themselves. Preliminary culture experiments are demonstrated using mouse embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Reichen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London,
UK
- Current affiliation: Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Nicolas Szita
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London,
UK
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19
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Yoshimitsu R, Hattori K, Sugiura S, Kondo Y, Yamada R, Tachikawa S, Satoh T, Kurisaki A, Ohnuma K, Asashima M, Kanamori T. Microfluidic perfusion culture of human induced pluripotent stem cells under fully defined culture conditions. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 111:937-47. [PMID: 24222619 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are a promising cell source for drug screening. For this application, self-renewal or differentiation of the cells is required, and undefined factors in the culture conditions are not desirable. Microfluidic perfusion culture allows the production of small volume cultures with precisely controlled microenvironments, and is applicable to high-throughput cellular environment screening. Here, we developed a microfluidic perfusion culture system for hiPSCs that uses a microchamber array chip under defined extracellular matrix (ECM) and culture medium conditions. By screening various ECMs we determined that fibronectin and laminin are appropriate for microfluidic devices made out of the most popular material, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). We found that the growth rate of hiPSCs under pressure-driven perfusion culture conditions was higher than under static culture conditions in the microchamber array. We applied our new system to self-renewal and differentiation cultures of hiPSCs, and immunocytochemical analysis showed that the state of the hiPSCs was successfully controlled. The effects of three antitumor drugs on hiPSCs were comparable between microchamber array and 96-well plates. We believe that our system will be a platform technology for future large-scale screening of fully defined conditions for differentiation cultures on integrated microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Yoshimitsu
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan
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20
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Abstract
Within the adult organism, stem cells reside in defined anatomical microenvironments called niches. These architecturally diverse microenvironments serve to balance stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Proper regulation of this balance is instrumental to tissue repair and homeostasis, and any imbalance can potentially lead to diseases such as cancer. Within each of these microenvironments, a myriad of chemical and physical stimuli interact in a complex (synergistic or antagonistic) manner to tightly regulate stem cell fate. The in vitro replication of these in vivo microenvironments will be necessary for the application of stem cells for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine purposes. However, traditional reductionist approaches have only led to the generation of cell culture methods that poorly recapitulate the in vivo microenvironment. To that end, novel engineering and systems biology approaches have allowed for the investigation of the biological and mechanical stimuli that govern stem cell fate. In this review, the application of these technologies for the dissection of stem cell microenvironments will be analyzed. Moreover, the use of these engineering approaches to construct in vitro stem cell microenvironments that precisely control stem cell fate and function will be reviewed. Finally, the emerging trend of using high-throughput, combinatorial methods for the stepwise engineering of stem cell microenvironments will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Brafman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
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21
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Godoy P, Hewitt NJ, Albrecht U, Andersen ME, Ansari N, Bhattacharya S, Bode JG, Bolleyn J, Borner C, Böttger J, Braeuning A, Budinsky RA, Burkhardt B, Cameron NR, Camussi G, Cho CS, Choi YJ, Craig Rowlands J, Dahmen U, Damm G, Dirsch O, Donato MT, Dong J, Dooley S, Drasdo D, Eakins R, Ferreira KS, Fonsato V, Fraczek J, Gebhardt R, Gibson A, Glanemann M, Goldring CEP, Gómez-Lechón MJ, Groothuis GMM, Gustavsson L, Guyot C, Hallifax D, Hammad S, Hayward A, Häussinger D, Hellerbrand C, Hewitt P, Hoehme S, Holzhütter HG, Houston JB, Hrach J, Ito K, Jaeschke H, Keitel V, Kelm JM, Kevin Park B, Kordes C, Kullak-Ublick GA, LeCluyse EL, Lu P, Luebke-Wheeler J, Lutz A, Maltman DJ, Matz-Soja M, McMullen P, Merfort I, Messner S, Meyer C, Mwinyi J, Naisbitt DJ, Nussler AK, Olinga P, Pampaloni F, Pi J, Pluta L, Przyborski SA, Ramachandran A, Rogiers V, Rowe C, Schelcher C, Schmich K, Schwarz M, Singh B, Stelzer EHK, Stieger B, Stöber R, Sugiyama Y, Tetta C, Thasler WE, Vanhaecke T, Vinken M, Weiss TS, Widera A, Woods CG, Xu JJ, Yarborough KM, Hengstler JG. Recent advances in 2D and 3D in vitro systems using primary hepatocytes, alternative hepatocyte sources and non-parenchymal liver cells and their use in investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, cell signaling and ADME. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1315-530. [PMID: 23974980 PMCID: PMC3753504 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1051] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested, zonated lobules, the liver consists of approximately 80 % hepatocytes and 20 % non-parenchymal cells, the latter being involved in a secondary phase that may dramatically aggravate the initial damage. Hepatotoxicity, as well as hepatic metabolism, is controlled by a set of nuclear receptors (including PXR, CAR, HNF-4α, FXR, LXR, SHP, VDR and PPAR) and signaling pathways. When isolating liver cells, some pathways are activated, e.g., the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway, whereas others are silenced (e.g. HNF-4α), resulting in up- and downregulation of hundreds of genes. An understanding of these changes is crucial for a correct interpretation of in vitro data. The possibilities and limitations of the most useful liver in vitro systems are summarized, including three-dimensional culture techniques, co-cultures with non-parenchymal cells, hepatospheres, precision cut liver slices and the isolated perfused liver. Also discussed is how closely hepatoma, stem cell and iPS cell-derived hepatocyte-like-cells resemble real hepatocytes. Finally, a summary is given of the state of the art of liver in vitro and mathematical modeling systems that are currently used in the pharmaceutical industry with an emphasis on drug metabolism, prediction of clearance, drug interaction, transporter studies and hepatotoxicity. One key message is that despite our enthusiasm for in vitro systems, we must never lose sight of the in vivo situation. Although hepatocytes have been isolated for decades, the hunt for relevant alternative systems has only just begun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Godoy
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IFADO), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Ute Albrecht
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melvin E. Andersen
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Nariman Ansari
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sudin Bhattacharya
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Johannes Georg Bode
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Bolleyn
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christoph Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Böttger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert A. Budinsky
- Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI USA
| | - Britta Burkhardt
- BG Trauma Center, Siegfried Weller Institut, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Neil R. Cameron
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Korea
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Korea
| | - J. Craig Rowlands
- Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI USA
| | - Uta Dahmen
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Dirsch
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - María Teresa Donato
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, IIS Hospital La Fe Avda Campanar 21, 46009 Valencia, Spain
- CIBERehd, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jian Dong
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dirk Drasdo
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- INRIA (French National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control), Domaine de Voluceau-Rocquencourt, B.P. 105, 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex, France
- UPMC University of Paris 06, CNRS UMR 7598, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions, 4, pl. Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Rowena Eakins
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Karine Sá Ferreira
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- GRK 1104 From Cells to Organs, Molecular Mechanisms of Organogenesis, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valentina Fonsato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Joanna Fraczek
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rolf Gebhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrew Gibson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Matthias Glanemann
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chris E. P. Goldring
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - María José Gómez-Lechón
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, IIS Hospital La Fe Avda Campanar 21, 46009 Valencia, Spain
- CIBERehd, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Geny M. M. Groothuis
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacokinetics Toxicology and Targeting, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lena Gustavsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (Malmö), Center for Molecular Pathology, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 59, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christelle Guyot
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Hallifax
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research (CAPKR), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Seddik Hammad
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Veterinary Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Adam Hayward
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH13LE UK
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Hoehme
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hermann-Georg Holzhütter
- Institut für Biochemie Abteilung Mathematische Systembiochemie, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Charité), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Brian Houston
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research (CAPKR), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | | | - Kiyomi Ito
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585 Japan
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Verena Keitel
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - B. Kevin Park
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Claus Kordes
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edward L. LeCluyse
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Peng Lu
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | | | - Anna Lutz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Maltman
- Reinnervate Limited, NETPark Incubator, Thomas Wright Way, Sedgefield, TS21 3FD UK
| | - Madlen Matz-Soja
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick McMullen
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Irmgard Merfort
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Meyer
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jessica Mwinyi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dean J. Naisbitt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andreas K. Nussler
- BG Trauma Center, Siegfried Weller Institut, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Olinga
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Pampaloni
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jingbo Pi
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Linda Pluta
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Stefan A. Przyborski
- Reinnervate Limited, NETPark Incubator, Thomas Wright Way, Sedgefield, TS21 3FD UK
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH13LE UK
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Vera Rogiers
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cliff Rowe
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Celine Schelcher
- Department of Surgery, Liver Regeneration, Core Facility, Human in Vitro Models of the Liver, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schmich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarz
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Korea
| | - Ernst H. K. Stelzer
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bruno Stieger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regina Stöber
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IFADO), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, RIKEN, Yokohama Biopharmaceutical R&D Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Ciro Tetta
- Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E. Thasler
- Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas S. Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics and Juvenile Medicine, University of Regensburg Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Agata Widera
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IFADO), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Courtney G. Woods
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | | | | | - Jan G. Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IFADO), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
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22
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Yu JQ, Liu XF, Chin LK, Liu AQ, Luo KQ. Study of endothelial cell apoptosis using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor cell line with hemodynamic microfluidic chip system. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:2693-2700. [PMID: 23620256 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To better understand how hyperglycemia induces endothelial cell dysfunction under the diabetic conditions, a hemodynamic microfluidic chip system was developed. The system combines a caspase-3-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor cell line which can detect endothelial cell apoptosis in real-time, post-treatment effect and with a limited cell sample, by using a microfluidic chip which can mimic the physiological pulsatile flow profile in the blood vessel. The caspase-3-based FRET biosensor endothelial cell line (HUVEC-C3) can produce a FRET-based sensor protein capable of probing caspase-3 activation. When the endothelial cells undergo apoptosis, the color of the sensor cells changes from green to blue, thus sensing apoptosis. A double-labeling fluorescent technique (yo pro-1 and propidium iodide) was used to validate the findings revealed by the FRET-based caspase sensor. The results show high rates of apoptosis and necrosis of endothelial cells when high glucose concentration was applied in our hemodynamic microfluidic chip combined with an exhaustive pulsatile flow profile. The two apoptosis detection techniques (fluorescent method and FRET biosensor) are comparable; but FRET biosensor offers more advantages such as real-time observation and a convenient operating process to generate more accurate and reliable data. Furthermore, the activation of the FRET biosensor also confirms the endothelial cell apoptosis induced by the abnormal pulsatile shear stress and high glucose concentration is through caspase-3 pathway. A 12% apoptotic rate (nearly a 4-fold increase compared to the static condition) was observed when the endothelial cells were exposed to a high glucose concentration of 20 mM under 2 h exhaustive pulsatile shear stress of 30 dyne cm(-2) and followed with another 10 h normal pulsatile shear stress of 15 dyne cm(-2). Therefore, the most important finding of this study is to develop a novel endothelial cell apoptosis detection method, which combines the microfluidic chip system and FRET biosensor. This finding may provide new insight into how glucose causes endothelial cell dysfunction, which is the major cause of diabetes-derived complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Q Yu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
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23
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Ankam S, Teo BKK, Kukumberg M, Yim EKF. High throughput screening to investigate the interaction of stem cells with their extracellular microenvironment. Organogenesis 2013; 9:128-42. [PMID: 23899508 PMCID: PMC3896583 DOI: 10.4161/org.25425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells in vivo are housed within a functional microenvironment termed the "stem cell niche." As the niche components can modulate stem cell behaviors like proliferation, migration and differentiation, evaluating these components would be important to determine the most optimal platform for their maintenance or differentiation. In this review, we have discussed methods and technologies that have aided in the development of high throughput screening assays for stem cell research, including enabling technologies such as the well-established multiwell/microwell plates and robotic spotting, and emerging technologies like microfluidics, micro-contact printing and lithography. We also discuss the studies that utilized high throughput screening platform to investigate stem cell response to extracellular matrix, topography, biomaterials and stiffness gradients in the stem cell niche. The combination of the aforementioned techniques could lay the foundation for new perspectives in further development of high throughput technology and stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soneela Ankam
- Department of Bioengineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School; Singapore
| | - Benjamin KK Teo
- Department of Bioengineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute Singapore; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Marek Kukumberg
- Mechanobiology Institute Singapore; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Evelyn KF Yim
- Department of Bioengineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute Singapore; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- Department of Surgery; National University of Singapore; Singapore
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24
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Jastrzebska E, Flis S, Rakowska A, Chudy M, Jastrzebski Z, Dybko A, Brzozka Z. A microfluidic system to study the cytotoxic effect of drugs: the combined effect of celecoxib and 5-fluorouracil on normal and cancer cells. Mikrochim Acta 2013; 180:895-901. [PMID: 23805007 PMCID: PMC3690180 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-013-1009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the response of normal and cancer cells to exposure a combination of celecoxib (Celbx) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) using a lab-on-a-chip microfluidic device. Specifically, we have tested the cytotoxic effect of Celbx on normal mouse embryo cells (Balb/c 3T3) and human lung carcinoma cells (A549). The single drugs or their combinations were adjusted to five different concentrations using a concentration gradient generator (CGG) in a single step. The results suggest that Celbx can enhanced the anticancer activity of 5-FU by stronger inhibition of cancer cell growth. We also show that the A549 cancer cells are more sensitive to Celbx than the Balb/c 3T3 normal cells. The results obtained with the microfluidic system were compared to those obtained with a macroscale in vitro cell culture method. In our opinion, the microfluidic system represents a unique approach for an evaluation of cellular response to multidrug exposure that also is more simple than respective microwell plate assays. Figureᅟ
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Jastrzebska
- Department of Microbioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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25
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Reichen M, Macown RJ, Jaccard N, Super A, Ruban L, Griffin LD, Veraitch FS, Szita N. Microfabricated modular scale-down device for regenerative medicine process development. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52246. [PMID: 23284952 PMCID: PMC3526573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of milli and micro litre bioreactors to accelerate process development has been successfully demonstrated in traditional biotechnology. However, for regenerative medicine present smaller scale culture methods cannot cope with the wide range of processing variables that need to be evaluated. Existing microfabricated culture devices, which could test different culture variables with a minimum amount of resources (e.g. expensive culture medium), are typically not designed with process development in mind. We present a novel, autoclavable, and microfabricated scale-down device designed for regenerative medicine process development. The microfabricated device contains a re-sealable culture chamber that facilitates use of standard culture protocols, creating a link with traditional small-scale culture devices for validation and scale-up studies. Further, the modular design can easily accommodate investigation of different culture substrate/extra-cellular matrix combinations. Inactivated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (iMEF) and human embryonic stem cell (hESC) colonies were successfully seeded on gelatine-coated tissue culture polystyrene (TC-PS) using standard static seeding protocols. The microfluidic chip included in the device offers precise and accurate control over the culture medium flow rate and resulting shear stresses in the device. Cells were cultured for two days with media perfused at 300 µl.h−1 resulting in a modelled shear stress of 1.1×10−4 Pa. Following perfusion, hESC colonies stained positively for different pluripotency markers and retained an undifferentiated morphology. An image processing algorithm was developed which permits quantification of co-cultured colony-forming cells from phase contrast microscope images. hESC colony sizes were quantified against the background of the feeder cells (iMEF) in less than 45 seconds for high-resolution images, which will permit real-time monitoring of culture progress in future experiments. The presented device is a first step to harness the advantages of microfluidics for regenerative medicine process development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Reichen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rhys J. Macown
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Jaccard
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Super
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ludmila Ruban
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis D. Griffin
- Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Farlan S. Veraitch
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Szita
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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26
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Emerging strategies for spatiotemporal control of stem cell fate and morphogenesis. Trends Biotechnol 2012; 31:78-84. [PMID: 23219200 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell differentiation is regulated by the complex interplay of multiple parameters, including adhesive intercellular interactions, cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix remodeling, and gradients of agonists and antagonists that individually and collectively vary as a function of spatial locale and temporal stages of development. Current approaches to direct stem cell differentiation focus on systematically understanding the relative influences of microenvironmental perturbations and simultaneously engineering platforms aimed at recapitulating physicochemical aspects of tissue morphogenesis. This review focuses on novel approaches to control the spatiotemporal dynamics of stem cell signaling and morphogenic remodeling to direct the differentiation of stem cells and develop functional tissues for in vitro screening and regenerative medicine technologies.
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27
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Piraino F, Selimović S, Adamo M, Pero A, Manoucheri S, Bok Kim S, Demarchi D, Khademhosseini A. Polyester μ-assay chip for stem cell studies. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2012; 6:44109. [PMID: 24278097 PMCID: PMC3522665 DOI: 10.1063/1.4766300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The application of microfluidic technologies to stem cell research is of great interest to biologists and bioengineers. This is chiefly due to the intricate ability to control the cellular environment, the reduction of reagent volume, experimentation time and cost, and the high-throughput screening capabilities of microscale devices. Despite this importance, a simple-to-use microfluidic platform for studying the effects of growth factors on stem cell differentiation has not yet emerged. With this consideration, we have designed and characterized a microfluidic device that is easy to fabricate and operate, yet contains several functional elements. Our device is a simple polyester-based microfluidic chip capable of simultaneously screening multiple independent stem cell culture conditions. Generated by laser ablation and stacking of multiple layers of polyester film, this device integrates a 10 × 10 microwell array for cell culture with a continuous perfusion system and a non-linear concentration gradient generator. We performed numerical calculations to predict the gradient formation and calculate the shear stress acting on the cells inside the device. The device operation was validated by culturing murine embryonic stem cells inside the microwells for 5 days. Furthermore, we showed the ability to maintain the pluripotency of stem cell aggregates in response to concentrations of leukemia inhibitory factor ranging from 0 to ∼1000 U/ml. Given its simplicity, fast manufacturing method, scalability, and the cell-compatible nature of the device, it may be a useful platform for long-term stem cell culture and studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Piraino
- Bioengineering Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy ; Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA ; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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28
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Wadhawan N, Kalkat H, Natarajan K, Ma X, Gajjeraman S, Nandagopal S, Hao N, Li J, Zhang M, Deng J, Xiang B, Mzengeza S, Freed DH, Arora RC, Tian G, Lin F. Growth and positioning of adipose-derived stem cells in microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:4829-4834. [PMID: 23007449 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40891k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells hold great promise for treatment of various degenerative diseases. However, clinical studies have only shown very moderate benefits of cell therapy. We believe that insufficiency of therapeutic benefits is due to limited homing of implanted stem cells to targeted organs. Microfluidic devices are a very useful research tool for quantitative characterizations of stem cells. The present study therefore was to assess the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and direct current electric field (dcEF) on the growth and trafficking of adipose-derived stem cells (ASC). It was found that EGF did not affect cell proliferation in cell-culture flasks. However, ASC proliferated at a higher rate in microfluidic devices with continuous infusion of EGF. Furthermore, we found that ASC migrated toward an EGF gradient in microfluidic devices. Moreover, we found that ASC tended to position perpendicularly to dcEF. The results suggest that EGF and dcEF may be effective in guiding homing and trafficking of implanted ASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Wadhawan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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29
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Lesher-Perez SC, Frampton JP, Takayama S. Microfluidic systems: a new toolbox for pluripotent stem cells. Biotechnol J 2012; 8:180-91. [PMID: 23125055 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional culture systems are often limited in their ability to regulate the growth and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Microfluidic systems can overcome some of these limitations by providing defined growth conditions with user-controlled spatiotemporal cues. Microfluidic systems allow researchers to modulate pluripotent stem cell renewal and differentiation through biochemical and mechanical stimulation, as well as through microscale patterning and organization of cells and extracellular materials. Essentially, microfluidic tools are reducing the gap between in vitro cell culture environments and the complex and dynamic features of the in vivo stem cell niche. These microfluidic culture systems can also be integrated with microanalytical tools to assess the health and molecular status of pluripotent stem cells. The ability to control biochemical and mechanical input to cells, as well as rapidly and efficiently analyze the biological output from cells, will further our understanding of stem cells and help translate them into clinical use. This review provides a comprehensive insignt into the implications of microfluidics on pluripotent stem cell research.
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30
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Selimović S, Oh J, Bae H, Dokmeci M, Khademhosseini A. Microscale Strategies for Generating Cell-Encapsulating Hydrogels. Polymers (Basel) 2012; 4:1554. [PMID: 23626908 DOI: 10.3390/polym4031554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels in which cells are encapsulated are of great potential interest for tissue engineering applications. These gels provide a structure inside which cells can spread and proliferate. Such structures benefit from controlled microarchitectures that can affect the behavior of the enclosed cells. Microfabrication-based techniques are emerging as powerful approaches to generate such cell-encapsulating hydrogel structures. In this paper we introduce common hydrogels and their crosslinking methods and review the latest microscale approaches for generation of cell containing gel particles. We specifically focus on microfluidics-based methods and on techniques such as micromolding and electrospinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seila Selimović
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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31
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Phamduy T, Dias A, Raof NA, Schiele N, Corr D, Xie Y, Chrisey D. Laser Direct-Write of Embryonic Stem Cells and Cells Encapsulated in Alginate Beads for Engineered Biological Constructs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1557/opl.2012.798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe ability to control the deposition of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), and mESCs encapsulated in 200-μm diameter alginate microbeads, into customized patterns has recently been achieved using laser direct-write (LDW). Gelatin-based LDW was utilized to target and reproducibly deposit groups of cells directly onto receiving substrate surfaces. Live/dead staining for cell viability and immunocytochemistry for the pluripotency marker, Oct-4, indicated that transferred mESCs were viable following transfer, and maintained an important embryonic stem cell marker, respectively. LDW was further used to print mESCs encapsulated in hydrogel microbeads into customized patterns on a single-bead basis. Recent efforts have also achieved patterns of discrete co-cultures of mESCs and breast cancer cells in separate hydrogel microbeads. Altogether, we demonstrated the feasibility of LDW to print patterns of mESCs and mESC-microbeads for the biomimetic assembly of engineered cellular constructs and tissue models.
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32
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Engineering approaches toward deconstructing and controlling the stem cell environment. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 40:1301-15. [PMID: 22101755 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapeutics have become a vital component in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The microenvironment within which stem cells reside, i.e., the niche, plays a crucial role in regulating stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. However, current biological techniques lack the means to recapitulate the complexity of this microenvironment. Nano- and microengineered materials offer innovative methods to (1) deconstruct the stem cell niche to understand the effects of individual elements; (2) construct complex tissue-like structures resembling the niche to better predict and control cellular processes; and (3) transplant stem cells or activate endogenous stem cell populations for regeneration of aged or diseased tissues. In this article, we highlight some of the latest advances in this field and discuss future applications and directions of the use of nano- and microtechnologies for stem cell engineering.
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33
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Ghaemmaghami AM, Hancock MJ, Harrington H, Kaji H, Khademhosseini A. Biomimetic tissues on a chip for drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2011; 17:173-81. [PMID: 22094245 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Developing biologically relevant models of human tissues and organs is an important enabling step for disease modeling and drug discovery. Recent advances in tissue engineering, biomaterials and microfluidics have led to the development of microscale functional units of such models also referred to as 'organs on a chip'. In this review, we provide an overview of key enabling technologies and highlight the wealth of recent work regarding on-chip tissue models. In addition, we discuss the current challenges and future directions of organ-on-chip development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Ghaemmaghami
- Division of Immunology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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34
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Microfluidic quadrupole and floating concentration gradient. Nat Commun 2011; 2:464. [PMID: 21897375 PMCID: PMC3984239 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of fluidic multipoles, in analogy to electrostatics, has long been known as a particular class of solutions of the Navier-Stokes equation in potential flows, however, experimental observations of fluidic multipoles and of their characteristics have not been reported yet. Here we present a two-dimensional microfluidic quadrupole and a theoretical analysis consistent with the experimental observations. The microfluidic quadrupole was formed by simultaneously injecting and aspirating fluids from two pairs of opposing apertures in a narrow gap formed between a microfluidic probe and a substrate. A stagnation point was formed at the center of the microfluidic quadrupole, and its position could be rapidly adjusted hydrodynamically. Following the injection of a solute through one of the poles, a stationary, tunable, and movable – i.e. “floating” – concentration gradient was formed at the stagnation point. Our results lay the foundation for future combined experimental and theoretical exploration of microfluidic planar multipoles including convective-diffusive phenomena.
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35
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Sharma S, Raju R, Sui S, Hu WS. Stem cell culture engineering - process scale up and beyond. Biotechnol J 2011; 6:1317-29. [PMID: 21721127 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Advances in stem cell research and recent work on clinical trials employing stem cells have heightened the prospect of stem cell applications in regenerative medicine. The eventual clinical application of stem cells will require transforming cell production from laboratory practices to robust processes. Most stem cell applications will require extensive ex vivo handling of cells, from isolation, cultivation, and directed differentiation to product cell separation, cell derivation, and final formulation. Some applications require large quantities of cells in each defined batch for clinical use in multiple patients; others may be for autologous use and require only small-scale operations. All share a common requirement: the production must be robust and generate cell products of consistent quality. Unlike the established manufacturing process of recombinant protein biologics, stem cell applications will likely see greater variability in their cell source and more fluctuations in product quality. Nevertheless, in devising stem cell-based bioprocesses, much insight could be gained from the manufacturing of biological materials, including recombinant proteins and anti-viral vaccines. The key to process robustness is thus not only the control of traditional process chemical and physical variables, but also the sustenance of cells in the desired potency or differentiation state through controlling non-traditional variables, such as signaling pathway modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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36
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A multishear microfluidic device for quantitative analysis of calcium dynamics in osteoblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 408:350-5. [PMID: 21514277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics is a convenient platform to study the influences of fluid shear stress on calcium dynamics. Fluidic shear stress has been proven to affect bone cell functions and remodelling. We have developed a microfluidic system which can generate four shear flows in one device as a means to study cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)) dynamics of osteoblasts. Four shear forces were achieved by having four cell culture chambers with different widths while resistance correction channels compensated for the overall resistance to allow equal flow distribution towards the chambers. Computational simulation of the local shear stress distribution highlighted the preferred section in the cell chamber to measure the calcium dynamics. Osteoblasts showed an [Ca(2+)](c) increment proportional to the intensity of the shear stress from 0.03 to 0.30 Pa. A delay in response was observed with an activation threshold between 0.03 and 0.06 Pa. With computational modelling, our microfluidic device can offer controllable multishear stresses and perform quantitative comparisons of shear stress-induced intensity change of calcium in osteoblasts.
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Liberski AR, Delaney JT, Schubert US. "One cell-one well": a new approach to inkjet printing single cell microarrays. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2011; 13:190-5. [PMID: 21395345 DOI: 10.1021/co100061c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new approach to prepare arrays of sessile droplets of living single cell cultures using a liquid hydrophobic barrier prevents the samples from dehydrating, and allows for spatially addressable arrays for statistical quantitative single cell studies. By carefully advancing a thin layer of mineral oil on the substrate over the droplets during the printing, dehydration of the droplets can be prevented, and the vitality of the cells can be maintained. The net result of this confluence of submerged cell culturing and inkjet printing is facile access to spatially addressable arrays of isolated single cells on surfaces. Such single cell arrays may be particularly useful as high-throughput tools in the rapidly emerging "omics" fields of cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert R. Liberski
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, Jena D-07743, Germany
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), Post Office Box 902, Eindhoven 5600 AX, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph T. Delaney
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, Jena D-07743, Germany
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), Post Office Box 902, Eindhoven 5600 AX, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, Jena D-07743, Germany
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwigs-Maximilians-University München, Amalienstrasse 54, München D-80799, Germany
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), Post Office Box 902, Eindhoven 5600 AX, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Stem cells always balance between self-renewal and differentiation. Hence, stem cell culture parameters are critical and need to be continuously refined according to progress in our stem cell biology understanding and the latest technological developments. In the past few years, major efforts have been made to define more precisely the medium composition in which stem cells grow or differentiate. This led to the progressive replacement of ill-defined additives such as serum or feeder cell layers by recombinant cytokines or growth factors. Another example is the control of the oxygen pressure. For many years cell cultures have been done under atmospheric oxygen pressure which is much higher than the one experienced by stem cells in vivo. A consequence of cell metabolism is that cell culture conditions are constantly changing. Therefore, the development of high sensitive monitoring processes and control algorithms is required for ensuring cell culture medium homeostasis. Stem cells also sense the physical constraints of their microenvironment. Rigidity, stiffness, and geometry of the culture substrate influence stem cell fate. Hence, nanotopography is probably as important as medium formulation in the optimization of stem cell culture conditions. Recent advances include the development of synthetic bioinformative substrates designed at the micro- and nanoscale level. On going research in many different fields including stem cell biology, nanotechnology, and bioengineering suggest that our current way to culture cells in Petri dish or flasks will soon be outdated as flying across the Atlantic Ocean in the Lindbergh's plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boudewijn van der Sanden
- INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Université Joseph Fourier, CHU Michallon, 38042 Grenoble, France
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Yeo LY, Chang HC, Chan PPY, Friend JR. Microfluidic devices for bioapplications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:12-48. [PMID: 21072867 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201000946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing the ability to precisely and reproducibly actuate fluids and manipulate bioparticles such as DNA, cells, and molecules at the microscale, microfluidics is a powerful tool that is currently revolutionizing chemical and biological analysis by replicating laboratory bench-top technology on a miniature chip-scale device, thus allowing assays to be carried out at a fraction of the time and cost while affording portability and field-use capability. Emerging from a decade of research and development in microfluidic technology are a wide range of promising laboratory and consumer biotechnological applications from microscale genetic and proteomic analysis kits, cell culture and manipulation platforms, biosensors, and pathogen detection systems to point-of-care diagnostic devices, high-throughput combinatorial drug screening platforms, schemes for targeted drug delivery and advanced therapeutics, and novel biomaterials synthesis for tissue engineering. The developments associated with these technological advances along with their respective applications to date are reviewed from a broad perspective and possible future directions that could arise from the current state of the art are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Y Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Abstract
It is known that conventional scaffold manufacturing techniques have low reproducibility and control of the micro-architecture features. Although there have been advances in bone tissue engineering fabrication, there is no consensus on the optimized parameter designs or clear understanding of the microfluidic interactions required for tissue regeneration. In this work, we introduce a new inexpensive fabrication method of producing pore designs of 3D-elastomeric structures with high controlled geometry of orthogonal arrays. The present fabrication method utilizes a permanent and reusable micro-machined mould along with a micro-casted process to efficiently fabricate diverse 3D feature directly. This fabrication method, without multiple process steps, would be suitable to support experiments of controlled environment for flow effects in 3D bone scaffolds.
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Gupta K, Kim DH, Ellison D, Smith C, Kundu A, Tuan J, Suh KY, Levchenko A. Lab-on-a-chip devices as an emerging platform for stem cell biology. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:2019-31. [PMID: 20556297 DOI: 10.1039/c004689b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The advent of stem cell based therapies has brought regenerative medicine into an increased focus as a part of the modern medicine practice, with a potential to treat a myriad of intractable diseases in the future. Stem cells reside in a complex microenvironment presenting them with a multitude of potential cues that are chemical, physical, and mechanical in nature. Conventional techniques used for experiments involving stem cells can only poorly mimic the physiological context, and suffer from imprecise spatial and temporal control, low throughput, lack of scalability and reproducibility, and poor representation of the mechanical and physical cell microenvironment. Novel lab-on-a-chip platforms, on the other hand, can much better mimic the complexity of in vivo tissue milieu and provide a greater control of the parameter variation in a high throughput and scalable manner. This capability may be especially important for understanding the biology and cementing the clinical potential of stem cell based therapies. Here we review microfabrication- and microfluidics-based approaches to investigating the complex biology of stem cell responses to changes in the local microenvironment. In particular, we categorize each method based on the types of controlled inputs it can have on stem cells, including soluble biochemical factors, extracellular matrix interactions, homotypic and heterotypic cell-cell signaling, physical cues (e.g. oxygen tension, pH, temperature), and mechanical forces (e.g. shear, topography, rigidity). Finally, we outline the methods to perform large scale observations of stem cell phenotypes and high-throughput screening of cellular responses to a combination of stimuli, and many new emerging technologies that are becoming available specifically for stem cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitiz Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Liu KK, Wu RG, Chuang YJ, Khoo HS, Huang SH, Tseng FG. Microfluidic systems for biosensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2010; 10:6623-61. [PMID: 22163570 PMCID: PMC3231127 DOI: 10.3390/s100706623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 06/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, Micro Fluidic Systems (MFS) have emerged as a powerful tool for biosensing, particularly in enriching and purifying molecules and cells in biological samples. Compared with conventional sensing techniques, distinctive advantages of using MFS for biomedicine include ultra-high sensitivity, higher throughput, in-situ monitoring and lower cost. This review aims to summarize the recent advancements in two major types of micro fluidic systems, continuous and discrete MFS, as well as their biomedical applications. The state-of-the-art of active and passive mechanisms of fluid manipulation for mixing, separation, purification and concentration will also be elaborated. Future trends of using MFS in detection at molecular or cellular level, especially in stem cell therapy, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, are also prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Kang Liu
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ren-Guei Wu
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; E-Mails: (R.-G.W.), (H.S.K.)
| | - Yun-Ju Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ming Chuang University, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan; E-Mail: (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Hwa Seng Khoo
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; E-Mails: (R.-G.W.), (H.S.K.)
| | - Shih-Hao Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202-24, Taiwan; E-Mail: (S.-H.H.)
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; E-Mails: (R.-G.W.), (H.S.K.)
- Division of Mechanics, Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; E-Mail: (F.-G.T.)
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Kamei KI, Ohashi M, Gschweng E, Ho Q, Suh J, Tang J, Yu ZTF, Clark AT, Pyle AD, Teitell MA, Lee KB, Witte ON, Tseng HR. Microfluidic image cytometry for quantitative single-cell profiling of human pluripotent stem cells in chemically defined conditions. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:1113-9. [PMID: 20390128 PMCID: PMC2970622 DOI: 10.1039/b922884e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic image cytometry (MIC) has been developed to study phenotypes of various hPSC lines by screening several chemically defined serum/feeder-free conditions. A chemically defined hPSC culture was established using 20 ng mL(-1) of bFGF on 20 microg mL(-1) of Matrigel to grow hPSCs over a week in an undifferentiated state. Following hPSC culture, we conducted quantitative MIC to perform a single cell profiling of simultaneously detected protein expression (OCT4 and SSEA1). Using clustering analysis, we were able to systematically compare the characteristics of various hPSC lines in different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichiro Kamei
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Minori Ohashi
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Eric Gschweng
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Quinn Ho
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jane Suh
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jinghua Tang
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zeta Tak For Yu
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Amander T. Clark
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - April D. Pyle
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michael A. Teitell
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ki-Bum. Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Institute for Advanced Materials, Devices and Nanotechnology, Rutgers Stem Cell Research Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Owen N. Witte
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Murugappan G, Carrillo-Cocom LM, Johnson KE, González-Barrón MT, Moreno-Cuevas JE, Alvarez MM. Human hematopoietic progenitor cells grow faster under rotational laminar flows. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:1465-73. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Thomas MS, Clift JM, Millare B, Vullev VI. Print-and-peel fabricated passive micromixers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:2951-2957. [PMID: 20000554 DOI: 10.1021/la902886d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Advection driven mixing is essential for microfluidics and poses challenges to the design of microdevices. Force transducers or complex channel configurations provide means for, respectively, active or passive disrupting of laminar flows and for homogenizing the composing fluids. Print-and-peel (PAP) is a nonlithographic fabrication technique that involves direct printing of masters for molding polymer components of microdevices. PAP, hence, allows for facile and expedient preparation of microfluidic devices, without requiring access to specialized microfabrication facilities. We utilized PAP for fabrication of microfluidic devices capable of turning, expanding, and contracting microflows. We examined the mixing capabilities of these devices under flow conditions of small Reynolds numbers (0.2-20) and large Peclet numbers (260-26 000), under which advection is the dominant mode of mass transfer. We focused on mixing channels with arched shapes and examined the dependence of the mixing performance on the turns and the expansions along the direction of the microflows. Three-dimensional expansion and contraction, along with an increase in the modes of twisting of the laminar currents, improved the quality of mixing. The simplicity in the described fabrication of the investigated passive micromixers makes PAP an attractive alternative for expedient device prototyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon S Thomas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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Abstract
Proper tissue function and regeneration rely on robust spatial and temporal control of biophysical and biochemical microenvironmental cues through mechanisms that remain poorly understood. Biomaterials are rapidly being developed to display and deliver stem-cell-regulatory signals in a precise and near-physiological fashion, and serve as powerful artificial microenvironments in which to study and instruct stem-cell fate both in culture and in vivo. Further synergism of cell biological and biomaterials technologies promises to have a profound impact on stem-cell biology and provide insights that will advance stem-cell-based clinical approaches to tissue regeneration.
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Thomas MS, Millare B, Clift JM, Bao D, Hong C, Vullev VI. Print-and-peel fabrication for microfluidics: what's in it for biomedical applications? Ann Biomed Eng 2009; 38:21-32. [PMID: 19898937 PMCID: PMC2803264 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-009-9831-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the development and the advances of print-and-peel (PAP) microfabrication. PAP techniques provide means for facile and expedient prototyping of microfluidic devices. Therefore, PAP has the potential for broadening the microfluidics technology by bringing it to researchers who lack regular or any accesses to specialized fabrication facilities and equipment. Microfluidics have, indeed, proven to be an indispensable toolkit for biological and biomedical research and development. Through accessibility to such methodologies for relatively fast and easy prototyping, PAP has the potential to considerably accelerate the impacts of microfluidics on the biological sciences and engineering. In summary, PAP encompasses: (1) direct printing of the masters for casting polymer device components; and (2) adding three-dimensional elements onto the masters for single-molding-step formation of channels and cavities within the bulk of the polymer slabs. Comparative discussions of the different PAP techniques, along with the current challenges and approaches for addressing them, outline the perspectives for PAP and how it can be readily adopted by a broad range of scientists and engineers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon S Thomas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Li X, Hou S, Feng X, Yu Y, Ma J, Li L. Patterning of neural stem cells on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) film modified by hydrophobin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 74:370-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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