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Jagathesan K, Roy S. Recent Development of Transition Metal Complexes as Chemotherapeutic Hypoxia Activated Prodrug (HAP). ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202400127. [PMID: 38634306 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a state characterized by low concentration of Oxygen. Hypoxic state is often found in the central region of solid tumors. Hypoxia is associated with abnormal neovascularization resulted in poor blood flow in tissues and increased proliferation of tumor cells, imbalance between O2 supply and O2 consumption in tumor cells, high concentration of proton and strong reducibility. And, these abnormalities enhance the survival potency of the hypoxic tumours and increase the resistance towards chemotherapy and radiotherapy. One of the approach for treating hypoxic region of tumour is to use reducing environment of hypoxic tumours for reducing a molecule (hypoxia activated prodrug, HAP) and as a result the active drug will be released in hypoxic region in a controlled manner from the prodrug and kill the hypoxic tumour. Co(III) and Pt(IV) complexes with monodentate active drug molecule in the axial position can be reduced to Co(II) and Pt(II) moieties and as a result, the axial ligands (active drug) could come out from the metal center and could show its anticancer activity. In this review we have highlighted the research articles where transition metal-based complexes are used as chemotherapeutic hypoxia activated prodrug molecules which are reported in last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jagathesan
- Dept. of Chemistry, School of Advance Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Sovan Roy
- Dept. of Chemistry, School of Advance Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
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2
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Kar B, Shanavas S, Karmakar A, Nagendra AH, Vardhan S, Sahoo SK, Bose B, Kundu S, Paira P. 2-Aryl-1 H-imidazo[4,5- f][1,10]phenanthroline-Based Binuclear Ru(II)/Ir(III)/Re(I) Complexes as Mitochondria Targeting Cancer Stem Cell Therapeutic Agents. J Med Chem 2024; 67:10928-10945. [PMID: 38812379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
A series of novel Ru(II)/Ir(III)/Re(I)-based organometallic complexes [Ru2L1, Ru2L2, Ir2L1, Ir2L2, Re2L1, and Re2L2] have been synthesized to assess their potency and selectivity against multiple cancer cells A549, HCT-116, and HCT-116 colon CSCs. The cytotoxic screening of the synthesized complexes has revealed that complex Ru2L1 and Ir2L2 are two proficient complexes among all, but Ru2L1 is the most potent complex. A significant binding constant value was observed for DNA and BSA in all complexes. Significant lipophilic properties allow them to penetrate cancer cell membranes, and substantial quantum yield (ϕf) values support bioimaging potential. Again, these complexes are particular for mitochondrial localization and produce a profuse amount of ROS to damage the mitochondrial DNA and then G1 phase cell-cycle arrest. Protein expression analysis unveiled that pro-apoptotic Bax protein overexpressed in Ru2L1-treated cells, whereas antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein was expressed twofold in Ir2L2-treated cells, which correlated with autophagy reticence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binoy Kar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Shanooja Shanavas
- Department Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Institution Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore, 575018 Karnataka, India
| | - Arun Karmakar
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory for Energy, Environment and Catalysis, Electrochemical Process Engineering (EPE) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
| | - Apoorva H Nagendra
- Department Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Institution Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore, 575018 Karnataka, India
| | - Seshu Vardhan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, S. V. National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Ichchanath Surat, Gujarat 395007, India
| | - Suban K Sahoo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, S. V. National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Ichchanath Surat, Gujarat 395007, India
| | - Bipasha Bose
- Department Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Institution Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore, 575018 Karnataka, India
| | - Subrata Kundu
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory for Energy, Environment and Catalysis, Electrochemical Process Engineering (EPE) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
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3
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Marco A, Ashoo P, Hernández-García S, Martínez-Rodríguez P, Cutillas N, Vollrath A, Jordan D, Janiak C, Gandía-Herrero F, Ruiz J. Novel Re(I) Complexes as Potential Selective Theranostic Agents in Cancer Cells and In Vivo in Caenorhabditis elegans Tumoral Strains. J Med Chem 2024; 67:7891-7910. [PMID: 38451016 PMCID: PMC11129195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
A series of rhenium(I) complexes of the type fac-[Re(CO)3(N^N)L]0/+, Re1-Re9, was synthesized, where N^N = benzimidazole-derived bidentate ligand with an ester functionality and L = chloride or pyridine-type ligand. The new compounds demonstrated potent activity toward ovarian A2780 cancer cells. The most active complexes, Re7-Re9, incorporating 4-NMe2py, exhibited remarkable activity in 3D HeLa spheroids. The emission in the red region of Re9, which contains an electron-deficient benzothiazole moiety, allowed its operability as a bioimaging tool for in vitro and in vivo visualization. Re9 effectivity was tested in two different C. elegans tumoral strains, JK1466 and MT2124, to broaden the oncogenic pathways studied. The results showed that Re9 was able to reduce the tumor growth in both strains by increasing the ROS production inside the cells. Moreover, the selectivity of the compound toward cancerous cells was remarkable as it did not affect neither the development nor the progeny of the nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Marco
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Universidad
de Murcia, and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pezhman Ashoo
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Universidad
de Murcia, and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Samanta Hernández-García
- Departamento
de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A. Unidad Docente
de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Martínez-Rodríguez
- Departamento
de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A. Unidad Docente
de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia Cutillas
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Universidad
de Murcia, and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Annette Vollrath
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dustin Jordan
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fernando Gandía-Herrero
- Departamento
de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A. Unidad Docente
de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Ruiz
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Universidad
de Murcia, and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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4
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Babu LT, Das U, Das R, Kar B, Paira P. Re(I)[2-aryl-1 H-imidazo[4,5- f][1,10]phenanthroline] tricarbonyl chloride complexes for selective cancer therapy via a potential DNA damage mechanism. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5993-6005. [PMID: 38469684 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04383e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Recently, achieving selective cancer therapy with trifling side effects has been a great challenge in the eradication of cancer. Thus, to amplify the cytoselective approach of complexes, herein, we developed a series of Re(I)[2-aryl-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline] tricarbonyl chloride complexes and screened their potency against HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines together with the evaluation of their toxicity towards a normal kidney cell line (HEK-293). On meticulous investigation, complex [ReI(CO)3Cl(K2-N,N-(2c))] (3c) was found to be the most potent anticancer entity among other complexes. Complex 3c also showed competency to induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells through G2/M phase cell-cycle arrest in association with the generation of ample reactive oxygen species (ROS), eventually leading to DNA intercalation and internucleosomal cleavage. The order of the cytotoxicity of these complexes depended on their lipophilic character and the electron-withdrawing halogen substitution at the para-position of the phenyl ring in the imidazophenanthroline ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Thilak Babu
- Department of Chemistry, School of advanced sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Utpal Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of advanced sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Rishav Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of advanced sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Binoy Kar
- Department of Chemistry, School of advanced sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, School of advanced sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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5
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Pivarcsik T, Kiss MA, Rapuš U, Kljun J, Spengler G, Frank É, Turel I, Enyedy ÉA. Organometallic Ru(II), Rh(III) and Re(I) complexes of sterane-based bidentate ligands: synthesis, solution speciation, interaction with biomolecules and anticancer activity. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:4984-5000. [PMID: 38406993 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04138g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we present the synthesis, characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity of six organometallic [Ru(II)(η6-p-cymene)(N,N)Cl]Cl, [Rh(III)(η5-C5Me5)(N,N)Cl]Cl and [Re(I)(CO)3(N,N)Cl] complexes, in which the (N,N) ligands are sterane-based 2,2'-bipyridine derivatives (4-Me-bpy-St-OH, 4-Ph-bpy-St-OH). The solution chemical behavior of the ligands and the complexes was explored by UV-visible spectrophotometry and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The ligands and their Re(I) complexes are neutral at pH = 7.40; this contributes to their highly lipophilic character (log D7.40 > +3). The Ru(II) and Rh(III) half-sandwich complexes are much more hydrophilic, and this property is greatly affected by the actual chloride ion content of the medium. The half-sandwich Ru and Rh complexes are highly stable in 30% (v/v) DMSO/water (<5% dissociation at pH = 7.40); this is further increased in water. The Rh(III)(η5-C5Me5) complexes were characterized by higher water/chloride exchange and pKa constants compared to their Ru(II)(η6-p-cymene) counterparts. The Re(I)(CO)3 complexes are also stable in solution over a wide pH range (2-12) without the release of the bidentate ligand; only the chlorido co-ligand can be replaced with OH- at higher pH values. A comprehensive discussion of the binding affinity of the half-sandwich Ru(II) and Rh(III) complexes toward human serum albumin and calf-thymus DNA is also provided. The Ru(II)(η6-p-cymene) complexes interact with human serum albumin via intermolecular forces, while for the Rh(III)(η5-C5Me5) complexes the coordinative binding mode is suggested as well. They are also able to interact with calf-thymus DNA, most likely via the coordination of the guanine nitrogen. The Ru(II)(η6-p-cymene) complexes were found to be the most promising among the tested compounds as they exhibited moderate-to-strong cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 3-11 μM) in LNCaP as well as in PC3 prostate cells in an androgen receptor-independent manner. They were also significantly cytotoxic in breast and colon adenocarcinoma cancer cell lines and showed good selectivity for cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Pivarcsik
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, Department of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7-8., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7-8., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márton A Kiss
- Department of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7-8., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Uroš Rapuš
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jakob Kljun
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gabriella Spengler
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, Department of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7-8., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Éva Frank
- Department of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7-8., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Iztok Turel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Éva A Enyedy
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, Department of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7-8., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7-8., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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6
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Palma E, Santos JF, Fernandes C, Paulo A. DNA-Targeted Complexes of Tc and Re for Biomedical Applications. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303591. [PMID: 38038361 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to their favorable chemical features, Re and Tc complexes have been widely used for the development of new therapeutic agents and imaging probes to solve problems of biomedical relevance. This review provides an update of the most relevant research efforts towards the development of novel cancer theranostic agents using Re and Tc-based compounds interacting with specific DNA structures. This includes a variety of homometallic complexes, namely those containing M(CO)3 (M=Re, Tc) moieties, that exhibit different modes of interaction with DNA, such as covalent binding, intercalation, groove binding or G-quadruplex DNA binding. Additionally, heterometallic complexes, designed to potentiate synergistic effects of different metal centers to improve DNA-targeting, cytotoxicity and fluorescence properties, are also reviewed. Particular attention is also given to 99m Tc- and 188 Re-labeled oligonucleotides that have been widely explored to develop imaging and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals through the in vivo hybridization with a specific complementary DNA or RNA target sequence to provide useful molecular tools in precision medicine for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Finally, the need for further improvement of DNA-targeted Re and Tc-based compounds as potential therapeutic and diagnostic agents is highlighted, and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Palma
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias, Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana F Santos
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias, Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Célia Fernandes
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias, Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
- DECN - Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António Paulo
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias, Nucleares Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
- DECN - Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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Das S, Joshi P, Patra M. Necrosis-Inducing High-Valent Oxo-Rhenium(V) Complexes with Potent Antitumor Activity: Synthesis, Aquation Chemistry, Cisplatin Cross-Resistance Profile, and Mechanism of Action. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:19720-19733. [PMID: 37974075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy with the cytotoxic platinum (Pt) drugs cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin is the mainstay of anticancer therapy in the clinic. The antitumor activity of Pt drugs originates from their ability to induce apoptosis via covalent adduct formation with nuclear DNA. While the phenomenal clinical success is highly encouraging, resistance and adverse toxic side effects limit the wider applicability of Pt drugs. To circumvent these limitations, we embarked on an effort to explore the antitumor potential of a new class of oxo-rhenium(V) complexes of the type [(N∧N)(EG)Re(O)Cl] (where EG = ethylene glycolate and N∧N = bipyridine, Bpy (1); phenanthroline, Phen (2); 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-phenanthroline, Me4Phen (3)). Investigation of speciation chemistry in aqueous media revealed the formation of [(N∧N)Re(O)(OH)3] as the biologically active species. Complex 3 was found to be the most potent among the three, with IC50 values ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 μM against a panel of cancer cells, which is 5-70-fold lower when compared with cisplatin. The higher potency of 3 is attributed to its higher lipophilicity, which enhanced cellular uptake. Importantly, complex 3 efficiently overcomes cisplatin resistance in ovarian, lung, and prostate cancer cells. In addition to reporting the aquation chemistry and identifying the active species in aqueous media, we performed in-depth in vitro mechanistic studies, which revealed that complex 3 preferentially accumulates in mitochondria, depletes mitochondrial membrane potential, and upregulates intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to ER stress-mediated necrosis-mediated cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Das
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Navy Nagar, 400005 Mumbai, India
| | - Pulkit Joshi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Navy Nagar, 400005 Mumbai, India
| | - Malay Patra
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Navy Nagar, 400005 Mumbai, India
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8
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Enslin LE, Purkait K, Pozza MD, Saubamea B, Mesdom P, Visser HG, Gasser G, Schutte-Smith M. Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes of 1,10-Phenanthroline Derivatives with Unexpectedly High Cytotoxicity. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:12237-12251. [PMID: 37489813 PMCID: PMC10410611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Eight rhenium(I) tricarbonyl aqua complexes with the general formula fac-[Re(CO)3(N,N'-bid)(H2O)][NO3] (1-8), where N,N'-bid is (2,6-dimethoxypyridyl)imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline (L1), (indole)imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline (L2), (5-methoxyindole)-imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline (L3), (biphenyl)imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline (L4), (fluorene)imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline (L5), (benzo[b]thiophene)imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline (L6), (5-bromothiazole)imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline (L7), and (4,5-dimethylthiophene)imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline (L8), were synthesized and characterized using 1H and 13C{1H} NMR, FT-IR, UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, and ESI-mass spectrometry, and their purity was confirmed by elemental analysis. The stability of the complexes in aqueous buffer solution (pH 7.4) was confirmed by UV/Vis spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of the complexes (1-8) was then evaluated on prostate cancer cells (PC3), showing a low nanomolar to low micromolar in vitro cytotoxicity. Worthy of note, three of the Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes showed very low (IC50 = 30-50 nM) cytotoxic activity against PC3 cells and up to 26-fold selectivity over normal human retinal pigment epithelial-1 (RPE-1) cells. The cytotoxicity of both complexes 3 and 6 was lowered under hypoxic conditions in PC3 cells. However, the compounds were still 10 times more active than cisplatin in these conditions. Additional biological experiments were then performed on the most selective complexes (complexes 3 and 6). Cell fractioning experiments followed by ICP-MS studies revealed that 3 and 6 accumulate mostly in the mitochondria and nucleus, respectively. Despite the respective mitochondrial and nuclear localization of 3 and 6, 3 did not trigger the apoptosis pathways for cell killing, whereas 6 can trigger apoptosis but not as a major pathway. Complex 3 induced a paraptosis pathway for cell killing while 6 did not induce any of our other tested pathways, namely, necrosis, paraptosis, and autophagy. Both complexes 3 and 6 were found to be involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and downregulated the ATP production of PC3 cells. To the best of our knowledge, this report presents some of the most cytotoxic Re(I) carbonyl complexes with exceptionally low nanomolar cytotoxic activity toward prostate cancer cells, demonstrating further the future viability of utilizing rhenium in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy E. Enslin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Kallol Purkait
- Chimie
ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for
Inorganic Chemistry, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Maria Dalla Pozza
- Chimie
ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for
Inorganic Chemistry, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Saubamea
- Plateforme
Imagerie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, F-75270 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Mesdom
- Chimie
ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for
Inorganic Chemistry, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Hendrik G. Visser
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie
ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for
Inorganic Chemistry, F-75005 Paris, France
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9
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Riccardi C, Piccolo M. Metal-Based Complexes in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087289. [PMID: 37108457 PMCID: PMC10138440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-based drugs have attracted growing interest in biomedicine [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Riccardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Piccolo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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10
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Das U, Shanavas S, Nagendra AH, Kar B, Roy N, Vardhan S, Sahoo SK, Panda D, Bose B, Paira P. Luminescent 11-{Naphthalen-1-yl}dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine-Based Ru(II)/Ir(III)/Re(I) Complexes for HCT-116 Colorectal Cancer Stem Cell Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:410-424. [PMID: 36638050 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to a number of unpleasant considerations, marketed drugs have steadily lost their importance in the treatment of cancer. In order to find a viable cancer cell diagnostic agent, we therefore focused on metal complexes that displayed target adequacy, permeability to cancer cells, high standard water solubility, cytoselectivity, and luminescent behavior. In this aspect, luminescent 11-{naphthalen-1-yl} dipyrido [3,2-a:2',3'-c] phenazine based Ru(II)/Ir(III)/Re(I) complexes have been prepared for HCT-116 colorectal cancer stem cell therapy. Our study successfully established the possible cytotoxicity of IrL complex at different doses on HCT-116 colorectal cancer stem cells (CRCSCs). Additionally, an immunochemistry analysis of the complex IrL showed that the molecule was subcellularly localized in the nucleus and other regions of the cytoplasm, where it caused nuclear DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. The level of BAX and Bcl-2 was further quantified by qRT-PCR. The expression of proapoptotic BAX showed increased expression in the complex IrL-treated cell compared to the control, indicating the potential of complex IrL for apoptotic induction. Upon further validation, complex IrL was developed as an inhibitor of autophagy for the eradication of cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shanooja Shanavas
- Department Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Institution Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Apoorva H Nagendra
- Department Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Institution Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Binoy Kar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Nilmadhab Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Seshu Vardhan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, S. V. National Institute of Technology (SVNIT) Ichchanath, Surat 395007, Gujrat, India
| | - Suban K Sahoo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, S. V. National Institute of Technology (SVNIT) Ichchanath, Surat 395007, Gujrat, India
| | - Debashis Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology (Institute of National Importance (GOI Act. 54/2007), Jais 229304, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bipasha Bose
- Department Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Institution Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
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11
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Maisuls I, Kirse TM, Hepp A, Kösters J, Wolcan E, Strassert CA. Rhenium(I) Complexes with Neutral Monodentate Coligands and Monoanionic 2-(1,2,4-Triazol-5-yl)pyridine-Based Chelators as Bidentate Luminophores with Tunable Color and Photosensitized Generation of 1O 2: An Integrated Case Study Involving Photophysics and Theory. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13775-13791. [PMID: 35998339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we describe the synthesis as well as structural, photophysical, and theoretical investigation of a new coordination chemical concept involving rhenium(I) complexes bearing monoanionic 1,2,4-triazolylpyridine-based bidentate chromophores. The X-ray diffractometric analysis of single crystals revealed particular packing features: the trifluoromethylated exemplar displayed two kinds of arrangements of the coordination centers, where the bidentate ligands at the edges of the unit cell are staggered parallel to each other, whereas those inside show antiparallel stacking with respect to the external ligands. On the other hand, the complexes bearing an adamantyl substituent yield a linear arrangement, where the bulky moiety of one luminophore points to the pyridine center of the adjacent ligand of the neighboring complex while including methanol molecules hydrogen-bonded to the triazolato unit. We observed that the photophysical properties of the complexes (photoexcited-state lifetimes, photoluminescence maxima and quantum yields) can be adjusted by tuning of the substitution pattern at the bidentate luminophore as well as by variation of the monodentate coligand. The photoluminescence spectra and photoexcited-state lifetimes of the crystalline phases were measured by phosphorescence lifetime micro(spectro)scopy. Interestingly, the vibrationally resolved emission spectra of the crystals closely resemble those of diluted frozen glassy matrixes at 77 K, in contrast with the broad bands observed in amorphous solids and in fluid solutions, where the charge-transfer character is enhanced. While the photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦL) reach up to 15%, the complexes are able to attain up to 55% efficiency regarding the photosensitization of 1O2 (ΦΔ), depending on the combination of luminophore and coligand. Theoretical calculations showed that the photoexcited triplet (T1) state has a metal-ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer character, where promotion to the excited electronic configuration shortens the Re(I)-N bond involving the bidentate triazolylpyridine while stretching the three fac-CO-Re(I) bonds as well as the linkage to the axial monodentate coligand. The calculated vertical (Evl) and 0-0 (E(0-0)) radiative transition energies are in very good agreement with the experimental values (Eexplum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Maisuls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, Münster D-48149, Germany.,CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Thomas M Kirse
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, Münster D-48149, Germany.,CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Jutta Kösters
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Ezequiel Wolcan
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA, UNLP, CCT La Plata-CONICET), Diagonal 113 and 64, Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, La Plata B1906, Argentina
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, Münster D-48149, Germany.,CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, Münster D-48149, Germany
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12
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Pete S, Roy N, Kar B, Paira P. Construction of homo and heteronuclear Ru(II), Ir(III) and Re(I) complexes for target specific cancer therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Ma X, Lu J, Yang P, Huang B, Li R, Ye R. Synthesis, Characterization and Antitumor Mechanism Investigation of Heterometallic Ru(Ⅱ)-Re(Ⅰ) Complexes. Front Chem 2022; 10:890925. [PMID: 35711955 PMCID: PMC9196629 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.890925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of heteronuclear metal complexes as potent anticancer agents has received increasing attention in recent years. In this study, two new heteronuclear Ru(Ⅱ)-Re(Ⅰ) metal complexes, [Ru(bpy)2LRe(CO)3(DIP)](PF6)3 and [Ru(phen)2LRe(CO)3(DIP)](PF6)3 [RuRe-1 and RuRe-2, L = 2-(4-pyridinyl)imidazolio[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, DIP = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline], were synthesized and characterized. Cytotoxicity assay shows that RuRe-1 and RuRe-2 exhibit higher anticancer activity than cisplatin, and exist certain selectivity toward human cancer cells over normal cells. The anticancer mechanistic studies reveal that RuRe-1 and RuRe-2 can induce apoptosis through the regulation of cell cycle, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and caspase cascade. Moreover, RuRe-1 and RuRe-2 can effectively inhibit cell migration and colony formation. Taken together, heteronuclear Ru(Ⅱ)-Re(Ⅰ) metal complexes possess the prospect of developing new anticancer agents with high efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Ma
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Junjian Lu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Peixin Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Huang, ; Ruirong Ye,
| | - Rongtao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ruirong Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Huang, ; Ruirong Ye,
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14
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Collery P, Lagadec P, Krossa I, Cohen C, Antomarchi J, Varlet D, Lucio M, Guigonis JM, Scimeca JC, Schmid-Antomarchi H, Schmid-Alliana A. Relationship between the oxidative status and the tumor growth in transplanted triple-negative 4T1 breast tumor mice after oral administration of rhenium(I)-diselenoether. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 71:126931. [PMID: 35063816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective inhibitory effects of rhenium(I)-diselenoether (Re-diSe) were observed in cultured breast malignant cells. They were attributed to a decrease in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production. A concomitant decrease in the production of Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGFβ1), Insulin Growth Factor 1 (IGF1), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA) by the malignant cells was also observed. AIM The study aimed to investigate the anti-tumor effects of Re-diSe on mice bearing 4T1 breast tumors, an experimental model of triple-negative breast cancer, and correlate them with several biomarkers. MATERIAL AND METHODS 4T1 mammary breast cancer cells were orthotopically inoculated into syngenic BALB/c Jack mice. Different doses of Re-diSe (1, 10, and 60 mg/kg) were administered orally for 23 consecutive days to assess the efficacy and toxicity. The oxidative status was evaluated by assaying Advanced Oxidative Protein Products (AOPP), and by the dinitrophenylhydrazone (DNPH) test in plasma of healthy mice, non-treated tumor-bearing mice (controls), treated tumor-bearing mice, and tumors in all tumor-bearing mice. Tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), VEGFA, VEGFB, TGFβ1, Interferon, and selenoprotein P (selenoP) were selected as biomarkers. RESULTS Doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg did not affect the tumor weights. There was a significant increase in the tumor weights in mice treated with the maximum dose of 60 mg/kg, concomitantly with a significant decrease in AOPP, TNFα, and TGFβ1 in the tumors. SelenoP concentrations increased in the plasma but not in the tumors. CONCLUSION We did not confirm the anti-tumor activity of the Re-diSe compound in this experiment. However, the transplantation of the tumor cells did not induce an expected pro-oxidative status without any increase of the oxidative biomarkers in the plasma of controls compared to healthy mice. This condition could be essential to evaluate the effect of an antioxidant drug. The choice of the experimental model will be primordial to assess the effects of the Re-diSe compound in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Collery
- Société de Coordination de Recherches Thérapeutiques, 20220, Algajola, France.
| | - Patricia Lagadec
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, UFR de médecine Pasteur, 06107, Nice cedex 2, France
| | - Imène Krossa
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, UFR de médecine Pasteur, 06107, Nice cedex 2, France
| | - Charlotte Cohen
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, UFR de médecine Pasteur, 06107, Nice cedex 2, France
| | - Julie Antomarchi
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, UFR de médecine Pasteur, 06107, Nice cedex 2, France
| | | | - Marianna Lucio
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jean-Marie Guigonis
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Plateforme "Bernard Rossi", UFR de médecine Pasteur, UMR 4320, CEA TIRO, 06107, Nice cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-Claude Scimeca
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, UFR de médecine Pasteur, 06107, Nice cedex 2, France
| | - Heidy Schmid-Antomarchi
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, UFR de médecine Pasteur, 06107, Nice cedex 2, France
| | - Annie Schmid-Alliana
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, UFR de médecine Pasteur, 06107, Nice cedex 2, France
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15
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Challenges and opportunities in the development of metal-based anticancer theranostic agents. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231168. [PMID: 35420649 PMCID: PMC9109461 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Around 10 million fatalities were recorded worldwide in 2020 due to cancer and statistical projections estimate the number to increase by 60% in 2040. With such a substantial rise in the global cancer burden, the disease will continue to impose a huge socio-economic burden on society. Currently, the most widely used clinical treatment modality is cytotoxic chemotherapy using platinum drugs which is used to treat variety of cancers. Despite its clinical success, critical challenges like resistance, off-target side effects and cancer variability often reduce its overall therapeutic efficiency. These challenges require faster diagnosis, simultaneous therapy and a more personalized approach toward cancer management. To this end, small-molecule ‘theranostic’ agents have presented a viable solution combining diagnosis and therapy into a single platform. In this review, we present a summary of recent efforts in the design and optimization of metal-based small-molecule ‘theranostic’ anticancer agents. Importantly, we highlight the advantages of a theranostic candidate over the purely therapeutic or diagnostic agent in terms of evaluation of its biological properties.
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16
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Aleksanyan DV, Churusova SG, Yu. Rybalkina E, Klemenkova ZS, Denisov GL, Kozlov VA. Dinucleating ligands based on functionalized oxalamides: lability of Re(I) coordination with the phosphorus pendant arms. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Sharma S. A, N. V, Kar B, Das U, Paira P. Target-specific mononuclear and binuclear rhenium( i) tricarbonyl complexes as upcoming anticancer drugs. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20264-20295. [PMID: 35919594 PMCID: PMC9281374 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03434d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal complexes have gradually been attracting interest from researchers worldwide as potential cancer therapeutics. Driven by the many side effects of the popular platinum-based anticancer drug cisplatin, the tireless endeavours of researchers have afforded strategies for the design of appropriate metal complexes with minimal side effects compared to cisplatin and its congeners to limit the unrestricted propagation of cancer. In this regard, transition metal complexes, especially rhenium-based complexes are being identified and highlighted as promising cancer theranostics, which are endowed with the ability to detect and annihilate cancer cells in the body. This is attributed the amazing photophysical properties of rhenium complexes together with their ability to selectively attack different organelles in cancer cells. Therefore, this review presents the properties of different rhenium-based complexes to highlight their recent advances as anticancer agents based on their cytotoxicity results. In this review, rhenium-based complexes are highlighted as promising cancer theranostics, which are endowed with the ability to detect and annihilate cancer cells in the body.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Sharma S.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vaibhavi N.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Binoy Kar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Utpal Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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18
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Turlik A, Houk KN, Svatunek D. Origin of Increased Reactivity in Rhenium-Mediated Cycloadditions of Tetrazines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13129-13133. [PMID: 34468143 PMCID: PMC8453624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Pyridyl tetrazines
coordinated to metals like rhenium have been
shown to be more reactive in [4 + 2] cycloadditions than their uncomplexed
counterparts. Using density functional theory calculations, we found
a more favorable interaction energy caused by stronger orbital interactions
as the origin of this increased reactivity. Additionally, the high
regioselectivity is due to a greater degree of charge stabilization
in the transition state, leading to the major product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Turlik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Dennis Svatunek
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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19
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Das U, Kar B, Pete S, Paira P. Ru(ii), Ir(iii), Re(i) and Rh(iii) based complexes as next generation anticancer metallopharmaceuticals. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:11259-11290. [PMID: 34342316 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01326b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Several anticancer drugs such as cisplatin, and its analogues, epirubicin, and doxorubicin are well known for their anticancer activity but the therapeutic value of these drugs comes with certain side effects and they cannot distinguish between normal and cancer cells. Thus, a major challenge for researchers around the world is to develop an anticancer drug with the least toxicity and more target specificity. With the successful reporting of NAMI-A and KP1019, a new path has emerged in the anticancer field. Recently, several Ru(ii) complexes have been reported for their anticancer activity due to their enhanced cellular uptake and selectivity towards cancer cells. Apart from the Ru(ii) complexes, a large amount of research has been carried out with Ir(iii), Re(i), and Rh(iii) based complexes, which exhibited promising anticancer activity. The present review reports various Ru(ii), Ir(iii), Re(i), and Rh(iii) based complexes for their anticancer activity based on their cytotoxicity profiles, biological targets and mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
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20
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Ye RR, Chen BC, Lu JJ, Ma XR, Li RT. Phosphorescent rhenium(I) complexes conjugated with artesunate: Mitochondrial targeting and apoptosis-ferroptosis dual induction. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 223:111537. [PMID: 34273716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is essential for cancer, which can be induced through multiple mechanisms. Ferroptosis, a newly emerging form of non-apoptotic cell death, involves the generation of iron-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we designed and synthesized two artesunate (ART) conjugated phosphorescent rhenium(I) complexes (Re(I)-ART conjugates), [Re(N^N)(CO)3(PyCH2OART)](PF6) (Re-ART-1 and Re-ART-2) (Py = pyridine, N^N = 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, in Re-ART-1) and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (DIP, in Re-ART-2)) that can specifically locate in the mitochondria of human cervical carcinoma (HeLa). Mechanism studies show that Re-ART-1 and Re-ART-2 exhibit high cytotoxicity against cancer cells lines and can induce both apoptosis and ferroptosis in HeLa cells through mitochondrial damage, caspase cascade, glutathione (GSH) depletion, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inactivation and lipid peroxidation accumulation. As a result, this work presents the rational design of Re(I)-ART conjugates as a promising strategy to induce both apoptosis and ferroptosis and improve therapeutic efficiency of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Rong Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Bi-Chun Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Jun-Jian Lu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Xiu-Rong Ma
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Rong-Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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21
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Capper MS, Enriquez Garcia A, Lai B, Wang BO, Gelfand BS, Shemanko CS, Jalilehvand F. The effect of sodium thiosulfate on cytotoxicity of a diimine Re(I) tricarbonyl complex. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5968-5977. [PMID: 33949526 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00517k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, diimine Re(i) tricarbonyl complexes have attracted great interest due to their promising cytotoxic effects. Here, we compare the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of two Re(i) compounds fac-[(Re(CO)3(bpy)(H2O)](CF3SO3) (1) and Na(fac-[(Re(CO)3(bpy)(S2O3)])·H2O (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) (2). The Re-thiosulfate complex in 2 was characterized in two solvated crystal structures {Na(fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)(S2O3)])·1.75H2O·C2H5OH}4 (2 + 0.75H2O + C2H5OH)4 and (fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)(H2O)]) (fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)(S2O3)])·4H2O (3). The cytotoxicity of 1 and 2 was tested in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line and compared with that of cisplatin. The cellular localization of the Re(i) complexes was investigated using synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM). The results show that replacement of the aqua ligand with thiosulfate renders the complex less toxic most likely by distrupting its cellular entry. Therefore, thiosulfate could potentially have a similar chemoprotective effect against diimine fac-Re(CO)3 complexes as it has against cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles S Capper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | | | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, USA
| | - Baiwen O Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Carrie S Shemanko
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Farideh Jalilehvand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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22
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Karges J, Kalaj M, Gembicky M, Cohen SM. Re I Tricarbonyl Complexes as Coordinate Covalent Inhibitors for the SARS-CoV-2 Main Cysteine Protease. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10716-10723. [PMID: 33606889 PMCID: PMC8014511 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since its outbreak, the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has impacted the quality of life and cost hundreds-of-thousands of lives worldwide. Based on its global spread and mortality, there is an urgent need for novel treatments which can combat this disease. To date, the 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro ), which is also known as the main protease, is considered among the most important pharmacological targets. The vast majority of investigated 3CLpro inhibitors are organic, non-covalent binders. Herein, the use of inorganic, coordinate covalent binders is proposed that can attenuate the activity of the protease. ReI tricarbonyl complexes were identified that demonstrate coordinate covalent enzymatic inhibition of 3CLpro . Preliminary studies indicate the selective inhibition of 3CLpro over several human proteases. This study presents the first example of metal complexes as inhibitors for the 3CLpro cysteine protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Karges
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Mark Kalaj
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Milan Gembicky
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Seth M. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
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23
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Re
I
Tricarbonyl Complexes as Coordinate Covalent Inhibitors for the SARS‐CoV‐2 Main Cysteine Protease. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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Arevalo R, López R, Falvello LR, Riera L, Perez J. Building C(sp 3 ) Molecular Complexity on 2,2'-Bipyridine and 1,10-Phenanthroline in Rhenium Tricarbonyl Complexes. Chemistry 2021; 27:379-389. [PMID: 33001533 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of [Re(N-N)(CO)3 (PMe3 )]OTf (N-N=2,2'-bipyridine, bipy; 1,10-phenanthroline, phen) compounds with tBuLi and with LiHBEt3 have been explored. Addition to the N-N chelate took place with different site-selectivity depending on both chelate and nucleophile. Thus, with tBuLi, an unprecedented addition to C5 of bipy, a regiochemistry not accessible for free bipy, was obtained, whereas coordinated phen underwent tBuLi addition to C2 and C4. Remarkably, when LiHBEt3 reacted with [Re(bipy)(CO)3 (PMe3 )]OTf, hydride addition to the 4 and 6 positions of bipy triggered an intermolecular cyclodimerization of two dearomatized pyridyl rings. In contrast, hydride addition to the phen analog resulted in partial reduction of one pyridine ring. The resulting neutral ReI products showed a varied reactivity with HOTf and with MeOTf to yield cationic complexes. These strategies rendered access to ReI complexes containing bipy- and phen-derived chelates with several C(sp3 ) centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Arevalo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.,Current address: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, 95343, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Ramón López
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Larry R Falvello
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lucía Riera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología-CINN, CSIC- Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Avda. de la Vega 4-6, 33940, El Entrego, Spain
| | - Julio Perez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología-CINN, CSIC- Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Avda. de la Vega 4-6, 33940, El Entrego, Spain
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25
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Domenichini A, Casari I, Simpson PV, Desai NM, Chen L, Dustin C, Edmands JS, van der Vliet A, Mohammadi M, Massi M, Falasca M. Rhenium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes block growth of aggressive cancers by inhibiting FGFR- and SRC-mediated signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:276. [PMID: 33287862 PMCID: PMC7720599 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platinum-based anticancer drugs have been at the frontline of cancer therapy for the last 40 years, and are used in more than half of all treatments for different cancer types. However, they are not universally effective, and patients often suffer severe side effects because of their lack of cellular selectivity. There is therefore a compelling need to investigate the anticancer activity of alternative metal complexes. Here we describe the potential anticancer activity of rhenium-based complexes with preclinical efficacy in different types of solid malignancies. METHODS Kinase profile assay of rhenium complexes. Toxicology studies using zebrafish. Analysis of the growth of pancreatic cancer cell line-derived xenografts generated in zebrafish and in mice upon exposure to rhenium compounds. RESULTS We describe rhenium complexes which block cancer proliferation in vitro by inhibiting the signalling cascade induced by FGFR and Src. Initially, we tested the toxicity of rhenium complexes in vivo using a zebrafish model and identified one compound that displays anticancer activity with low toxicity even in the high micromolar range. Notably, the rhenium complex has anticancer activity in very aggressive cancers such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and neuroblastoma. We demonstrate the potential efficacy of this complex via a significant reduction in cancer growth in mouse xenografts. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide a basis for the development of rhenium-based chemotherapy agents with enhanced selectivity and limited side effects compared to standard platinum-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Domenichini
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Ilaria Casari
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Peter V Simpson
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Nima Maheshkumar Desai
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Lingfeng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Christopher Dustin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jeanne S Edmands
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Moosa Mohammadi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia.
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26
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Aleksanyan DV, Churusova SG, Brunova VV, Rybalkina EY, Susova OY, Peregudov AS, Klemenkova ZS, Denisov GL, Kozlov VA. Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxic activity of N-metallated rhenium(I) pincer complexes with (thio)phosphoryl pendant arms. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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He SF, Pan NL, Chen BB, Liao JX, Huang MY, Qiu HJ, Jiang DC, Wang JJ, Chen JX, Sun J. Mitochondria-targeted Re(I) complexes bearing guanidinium as ligands and their anticancer activity. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:1107-1116. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Schnierle M, Blickle S, Filippou V, Ringenberg MR. Tetrazine metallation boosts rate and regioselectivity of inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (iEDDA) addition of dienophiles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12033-12036. [PMID: 32902528 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03805a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is the coordination of rhenium complexes to tetrazine ligand in [ReCl(CO)3(TzPy)] [1] (TzPy = 3-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine) and the rates of addition of different dienophiles to the tetrazine. Tetrazine coordiation lowers the ΔS‡ contribution to ΔG‡ for iEDDA addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Schnierle
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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29
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Liew HS, Mai CW, Zulkefeli M, Madheswaran T, Kiew LV, Delsuc N, Low ML. Recent Emergence of Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes as Photosensitisers for Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2020; 25:E4176. [PMID: 32932573 PMCID: PMC7571230 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is emerging as a significant complementary or alternative approach for cancer treatment. PDT drugs act as photosensitisers, which upon using appropriate wavelength light and in the presence of molecular oxygen, can lead to cell death. Herein, we reviewed the general characteristics of the different generation of photosensitisers. We also outlined the emergence of rhenium (Re) and more specifically, Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes as a new generation of metal-based photosensitisers for photodynamic therapy that are of great interest in multidisciplinary research. The photophysical properties and structures of Re(I) complexes discussed in this review are summarised to determine basic features and similarities among the structures that are important for their phototoxic activity and future investigations. We further examined the in vitro and in vivo efficacies of the Re(I) complexes that have been synthesised for anticancer purposes. We also discussed Re(I) complexes in conjunction with the advancement of two-photon PDT, drug combination study, nanomedicine, and photothermal therapy to overcome the limitation of such complexes, which generally absorb short wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shan Liew
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.Z.); (T.M.)
| | - Mohd Zulkefeli
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.Z.); (T.M.)
| | - Thiagarajan Madheswaran
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.Z.); (T.M.)
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Nicolas Delsuc
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - May Lee Low
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.Z.); (T.M.)
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30
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Álvarez D, López-Castro E, Guerrero A, Riera L, Pérez J, Díaz J, Menéndez MI, López R. Influence of the Nucleophilic Ligand on the Reactivity of Carbonyl Rhenium(I) Complexes towards Methyl Propiolate: A Computational Chemistry Perspective. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184134. [PMID: 32927650 PMCID: PMC7571231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparative theoretical study on the reactivity of the complexes [ReY(CO)3(bipy)] (Y = NH2, NHMe, NHpTol, OH, OMe, OPh, PH2, PHMe, PMe2, PHPh, PPh2, PMePh, SH, SMe, SPh; bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) towards methyl propiolate was carried out to analyze the influence of both the heteroatom (N, O, P, S) and the alkyl and/or aryl substituents of the Y ligand on the nature of the product obtained. The methyl substituent tends to accelerate the reactions. However, an aromatic ring bonded to N and O makes the reaction more difficult, whereas its linkage to P and S favour it. On the whole, ligands with O and S heteroatoms seem to disfavour these processes more than ligands with N and P heteroatoms, respectively. Phosphido and thiolato ligands tend to yield a coupling product with the bipy ligand, which is not the general case for hydroxo, alcoxo or amido ligands. When the Y ligand has an O/N and an H atom the most likely product is the one containing a coupling with the carbonyl ligand, which is not always obtained when Y contains P/S. Only for OMe and OPh, the product resulting from formal insertion into the Re-Y bond is the preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; (D.Á.); (E.L.-C.); (A.G.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Elena López-Castro
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; (D.Á.); (E.L.-C.); (A.G.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Arturo Guerrero
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; (D.Á.); (E.L.-C.); (A.G.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Lucía Riera
- Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología (CINN), CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Avenida de la Vega 4-6, 33940 El Entrego, Spain; (L.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Julio Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología (CINN), CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Avenida de la Vega 4-6, 33940 El Entrego, Spain; (L.R.); (J.P.)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10071 Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain;
| | - M. Isabel Menéndez
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; (D.Á.); (E.L.-C.); (A.G.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Ramón López
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; (D.Á.); (E.L.-C.); (A.G.); (M.I.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-985-102-967
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31
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Capper MS, Packman H, Rehkämper M. Rhenium-Based Complexes and in Vivo Testing: A Brief History. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2111-2115. [PMID: 32196894 PMCID: PMC7496976 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The success of metal-based anticancer therapeutics in the treatment of cancer is best exemplified by cisplatin. Currently used in 32/78 cancer regimens, metal-based drugs have a clear role in cancer therapy. Despite this, metal-based anticancer therapeutics are not without drawbacks, with issues such as toxic side effects and the development of resistance mechanisms. This has led to investigations of other metal-based drug candidates such as auranofin, a gold-based drug candidate as well as ruthenium-based candidates, NAMI-A, NKP-1339 and TLD-1433. All are currently undergoing clinical trials. Another class of complexes under study are rhenium-based; such complexes have undergone extensive in vitro testing but only nine have been reported to display antitumour in vivo activity, which is a necessary step before entering clinical trials. This review will document, chronologically, the rhenium-based drug candidates that have undergone in vivo testing and the outlook for such complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles S Capper
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines, Prince Consort Rd, Kensington London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hollie Packman
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines, Prince Consort Rd, Kensington London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mark Rehkämper
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines, Prince Consort Rd, Kensington London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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32
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Marker SC, King AP, Granja S, Vaughn B, Woods JJ, Boros E, Wilson JJ. Exploring the In Vivo and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Rhenium Isonitrile Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10285-10303. [PMID: 32633531 PMCID: PMC8114230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The established platinum-based drugs form covalent DNA adducts to elicit their cytotoxic response. Although they are widely employed, these agents cause toxic side-effects and are susceptible to cancer-resistance mechanisms. To overcome these limitations, alternative metal complexes containing the rhenium(I) tricarbonyl core have been explored as anticancer agents. Based on a previous study ( Chem. Eur. J. 2019, 25, 9206), a series of highly active tricarbonyl rhenium isonitrile polypyridyl (TRIP) complexes of the general formula fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)(ICN)]+, where NN is a chelating diimine and ICN is an isonitrile ligand, that induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway are investigated. A total of 11 of these TRIP complexes were synthesized, modifying both the equatorial polypyridyl and axial isonitrile ligands. Complexes with more electron-donating equatorial ligands were found to have greater anticancer activity, whereas the axial ICN ligands had a smaller effect on their overall potency. All 11 TRIP derivatives trigger a similar phenotype that is characterized by their abilities to induce ER stress and activate the UPR. Lastly, we explored the in vivo efficacy of one of the most potent complexes, fac-[Re(CO)3(dmphen)(ptolICN)]+ (TRIP-1a), where dmphen = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and ptolICN = para-tolyl isonitrile, in mice. The 99mTc congener of TRIP-1a was synthesized, and its biodistribution in BALB/c mice was investigated in comparison to the parent Re complex. The results illustrate that both complexes have similar biodistribution patterns, suggesting that 99mTc analogues of these TRIP complexes can be used as diagnostic partner agents. The in vivo antitumor activity of TRIP-1a was then investigated in NSG mice bearing A2780 ovarian cancer xenografts. When administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg twice weekly, this complex was able to inhibit tumor growth and prolong mouse survival by 150% compared to the vehicle control cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra C. Marker
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - A. Paden King
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Samantha Granja
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Brett Vaughn
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States
| | - Joshua J. Woods
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Robert F. Smith School for Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell, University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States
| | - Justin J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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33
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Ferraro MG, Piccolo M, Misso G, Maione F, Montesarchio D, Caraglia M, Paduano L, Santamaria R, Irace C. Breast Cancer Chemotherapeutic Options: A General Overview on the Preclinical Validation of a Multi-Target Ruthenium(III) Complex Lodged in Nucleolipid Nanosystems. Cells 2020; 9:E1412. [PMID: 32517101 PMCID: PMC7349411 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review we have showcased the preclinical development of original amphiphilic nanomaterials designed for ruthenium-based anticancer treatments, to be placed within the current metallodrugs approach leading over the past decade to advanced multitarget agents endowed with limited toxicity and resistance. This strategy could allow for new options for breast cancer (BC) interventions, including the triple-negative subtype (TNBC) with poor therapeutic alternatives. BC is currently the second most widespread cancer and the primary cause of cancer death in women. Hence, the availability of novel chemotherapeutic weapons is a basic requirement to fight BC subtypes. Anticancer drugs based on ruthenium are among the most explored and advanced next-generation metallotherapeutics, with NAMI-A and KP1019 as two iconic ruthenium complexes having undergone clinical trials. In addition, many nanomaterial Ru complexes have been recently conceived and developed into anticancer drugs demonstrating attractive properties. In this field, we focused on the evaluation of a Ru(III) complex-named AziRu-incorporated into a suite of both zwitterionic and cationic nucleolipid nanosystems, which proved to be very effective for the in vivo targeting of breast cancer cells (BBC). Mechanisms of action have been widely explored in the context of preclinical evaluations in vitro, highlighting a multitarget action on cell death pathways which are typically deregulated in neoplasms onset and progression. Moreover, being AziRu inspired by the well-known NAMI-A complex, information on non-nanostructured Ru-based anticancer agents have been included in a precise manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Ferraro
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.G.F.); (M.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Marialuisa Piccolo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.G.F.); (M.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Gabriella Misso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Francesco Maione
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.G.F.); (M.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Daniela Montesarchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 421, 80126 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Luigi Paduano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 421, 80126 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Rita Santamaria
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.G.F.); (M.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Carlo Irace
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.G.F.); (M.P.); (F.M.)
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34
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Pan ZY, Cai DH, He L. Dinuclear phosphorescent rhenium(i) complexes as potential anticancer and photodynamic therapy agents. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:11583-11590. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02424d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two dinuclear organometallic Re(i) complexes increase intracellular ROS levels, causing lysosomal dysfunction and cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yin Pan
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Dai-Hong Cai
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Liang He
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
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35
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Konkankit CC, Lovett J, Harris HH, Wilson JJ. X-Ray fluorescence microscopy reveals that rhenium(i) tricarbonyl isonitrile complexes remain intact in vitro. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6515-6518. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02451a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An endoplasmic reticulum stress-inducing rhenium isonitrile complex was investigated for its axial ligand stability in living cells using X-ray fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Lovett
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Hugh H. Harris
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Justin J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
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