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Khajvand M, Drogui P, Arab H, Tyagi RD, Brien E. Hybrid process combining ultrafiltration and electro-oxidation for COD and nonylphenol ethoxylate removal from industrial laundry wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142931. [PMID: 39053780 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Laundry wastewater is a significant source of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO) at wastewater treatment plants, where its breakdown forms persistent nonylphenol (NP). NP poses risks as an endocrine disruptor in wildlife and humans. This study investigates the degradation of NPEO and COD in industrial laundry wastewater (LWW) using a two-stage process combining ultrafiltration (UF) and electro-oxidation (EO). UF was used to remove suspended solids, while soluble COD (COD0 = 239 ± 6 mg.L-1) and NPEO (NPEO0 = 341 ± 8 μg.L-1) were oxidized by the EO process. Different operating parameters were studied such as current density, electrolysis time, type of cathode and supporting electrolyte concentration. Using an experimental design methodology, the optimal conditions for COD and NPEO3-17 degradation were recorded. This included achieving 97% degradation of NPEO3-17 and 61% degradation of COD, with a total operating cost of 3.65 USD·m-3. These optimal conditions were recorded at a current density of 15 mA cm-2 for a 120-min reaction period in the presence of 4 g·Na2SO4 L-1 using a graphite cathode. The EO process allowed for reaching the guidelines required for water reuse (NPEO <200 μg.L-1, COD <100 mg.L-1) in the initial laundry washing cycles. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that both NP and NPEO compounds, including higher and shorter ethoxylate chains (NPEO3-17), were effectively degraded during the EO process, with removal efficiencies between 94% and 98%. This confirms the EO process's capability to effectively degrade NP, the by-product of NPEO breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Khajvand
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre-Eau Terre Environnement (ETE), Université Du Québec, 490 Rue de La Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Patrick Drogui
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre-Eau Terre Environnement (ETE), Université Du Québec, 490 Rue de La Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Hamed Arab
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre-Eau Terre Environnement (ETE), Université Du Québec, 490 Rue de La Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Rajeshwar Dayal Tyagi
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, China; BOSK Bioproducts, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Brien
- Groupe Veos Inc, 1552 Rue Nationale, Terrebonne, Québec, J6W 6M1, Canada
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2
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Reis R, Dhawle R, Girard R, Frontistis Z, Mantzavinos D, de Witte P, Cabooter D, Du Pasquier D. Electrochemical degradation of diclofenac generates unexpected thyroidogenic transformation products: Implications for environmental risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134458. [PMID: 38703679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF) is an environmentally persistent, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with thyroid disrupting properties. Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (eAOPs) can efficiently remove NSAIDs from wastewater. However, eAOPs can generate transformation products (TPs) with unknown chemical and biological characteristics. In this study, DCF was electrochemically degraded using a boron-doped diamond anode. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to analyze the TPs of DCF and elucidate its potential degradation pathways. The biological impact of DCF and its TPs was evaluated using the Xenopus Eleutheroembryo Thyroid Assay, employing a transgenic amphibian model to assess thyroid axis activity. As DCF degradation progressed, in vivo thyroid activity transitioned from anti-thyroid in non-treated samples to pro-thyroid in intermediately treated samples, implying the emergence of thyroid-active TPs with distinct modes of action compared to DCF. Molecular docking analysis revealed that certain TPs bind to the thyroid receptor, potentially triggering thyroid hormone-like responses. Moreover, acute toxicity occurred in intermediately degraded samples, indicating the generation of TPs exhibiting higher toxicity than DCF. Both acute toxicity and thyroid effects were mitigated with a prolonged degradation time. This study highlights the importance of integrating in vivo bioassays in the environmental risk assessment of novel degradation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Reis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department for Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rebecca Dhawle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, Patras GR-26504, Greece
| | - Romain Girard
- Laboratoire WatchFrog, Bâtiment Genavenir 3, 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, Evry 91000, France
| | - Zacharias Frontistis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani GR-50132, Greece
| | - Dionissios Mantzavinos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, Patras GR-26504, Greece
| | - Peter de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Deirdre Cabooter
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department for Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - David Du Pasquier
- Laboratoire WatchFrog, Bâtiment Genavenir 3, 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, Evry 91000, France
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Randazzo S, Geagea A, Proietto F, Galia A, Scialdone O. Oxidation of organics in water by active chlorine performed in microfluidic electrochemical reactors: a new way to improve the performances of the process. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141855. [PMID: 38570051 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater polluted by organics can be treated by using electro-generated active chlorine, even if this promising route presents some important drawbacks such as the production of chlorinated by-products. Here, for the first time, this process was studied in a microfluidic electrochemical reactor with a very small inter-electrode distance (145 μm) using a water solution of NaCl and phenol and a BDD anode. The potential production of chloroacetic acids, chlorophenols, carboxylic acids, chlorate and perchlorate was carefully evaluated. It was shown, for the first time, up to our knowledge, that the use of the microfluidic device allows to perform the treatment under a continuous mode and to achieve higher current efficiencies and a lower generation of some important by-products such as chlorate and perchlorate. As an example, the use of the microfluidic apparatus equipped with an Ag cathode allowed to achieve a high removal of total organic carbon (about 76%) coupled with a current efficiency of 17% and the production of a small amount of chlorate (about 30 ppm) and no perchlorate. The effect of many parameters (namely, flow rate, current density and nature of cathode) was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Randazzo
- Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Viale Delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ange Geagea
- Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Viale Delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Proietto
- Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Viale Delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Galia
- Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Viale Delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy
| | - Onofrio Scialdone
- Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Viale Delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy.
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4
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Feijoo S, Baluchová S, Kamali M, Buijnsters JG, Dewil R. Single-crystal vs polycrystalline boron-doped diamond anodes: Comparing degradation efficiencies of carbamazepine in electrochemical water treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123705. [PMID: 38442825 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The ongoing challenge of water pollution by contaminants of emerging concern calls for more effective wastewater treatment to prevent harmful side effects to the environment and human health. To this end, this study explored for the first time the implementation of single-crystal boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes in electrochemical wastewater treatment, which stand out from the conventional polycrystalline BDD morphologies widely reported in the literature. The single-crystal BDD presented a pure diamond (sp3) content, whereas the three other investigated polycrystalline BDD electrodes displayed various properties in terms of boron doping, sp3/sp2 content, microstructure, and roughness. The effects of other process conditions, such as applied current density and anolyte concentration, were simultaneously investigated using carbamazepine (CBZ) as a representative target pollutant. The Taguchi method was applied to elucidate the optimal operating conditions that maximised either (i) the CBZ degradation rate constant (enhanced through hydroxyl radicals (•OH)) or (ii) the proportion of sulfate radicals (SO4•-) with respect to •OH. The results showed that the single-crystal BDD significantly promoted •OH formation but also that the interactions between boron doping, current density and anolyte concentration determined the underlying degradation mechanisms. Therefore, this study demonstrated that characterising the BDD material and understanding its interactions with other process operating conditions prior to degradation experiments is a crucial step to attain the optimisation of any wastewater treatment application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Feijoo
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, Jan Pieter de Nayerlaan 5, 2860, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Simona Baluchová
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, the Netherlands; Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Albertov 6, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammadreza Kamali
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, Jan Pieter de Nayerlaan 5, 2860, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Josephus G Buijnsters
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Raf Dewil
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, Jan Pieter de Nayerlaan 5, 2860, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium; University of Oxford, Department of Engineering Science, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
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5
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Shah AA, Walia S, Kazemian H. Advancements in combined electrocoagulation processes for sustainable wastewater treatment: A comprehensive review of mechanisms, performance, and emerging applications. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121248. [PMID: 38335752 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the potential and challenges of combining electrochemical, especially electrocoagulation (EC) process, with various - wastewater treatment methods such as membranes, chemical treatments, biological methods, and oxidation processes to enhance pollutant removal and reduce costs. It emphasizes the advantages of using electrochemical processes as a pretreatment step, including increased volume and improved quality of permeate water, mitigation of membrane fouling, and lower environmental impact. Pilot-scale studies are discussed to validate the effectiveness of combined EC processes, particularly for industrial wastewater. Factors such as electrode materials, coating materials, and the integration of a third process are discussed as potential avenues for improving the environmental sustainability and cost-effectiveness of the combined EC processes. This review also discusses factors for improvement and explores the EC process combined with Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP). The conclusion highlights the need for combined EC processes, which include reducing electrode consumption, evaluating energy efficiency, and conducting pilot-scale investigations under continuous flow conditions. Furthermore, it emphasizes future research on electrode materials and technology commercialization. Overall, this review underscores the importance of combined EC processes in meeting the demand for clean water resources and emphasizes the need for further optimization and implementation in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aatif Ali Shah
- Materials Technology & Environmental Research (MATTER) lab, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada; Environment Science Program, Faculty of Environment, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N4Z9, Canada.
| | - Sunil Walia
- Materials Technology & Environmental Research (MATTER) lab, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Hossein Kazemian
- Materials Technology & Environmental Research (MATTER) lab, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada; Northern Analytical Lab Services (Northern BC's Environmental and Climate Solutions Innovation Hub), University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada; Environment Science Program, Faculty of Environment, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N4Z9, Canada.
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6
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Castillo-Cabrera GX, Pliego-Cerdán CI, Méndez E, Espinoza-Montero PJ. Step-by-step guide for electrochemical generation of highly oxidizing reactive species on BDD for beginners. Front Chem 2024; 11:1298630. [PMID: 38239927 PMCID: PMC10794620 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1298630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Selecting the ideal anodic potential conditions and corresponding limiting current density to generate reactive oxygen species, especially the hydroxyl radical (•OH), becomes a major challenge when venturing into advanced electrochemical oxidation processes. In this work, a step-by-step guide for the electrochemical generation of •OH on boron-doped diamond (BDD) for beginners is shown, in which the following steps are discussed: i) BDD activation (assuming it is new), ii) the electrochemical response of BDD (in electrolyte and ferri/ferro-cyanide), iii) Tafel plots using sampled current voltammetry to evaluate the overpotential region where •OH is mainly generated, iv) a study of radical entrapment in the overpotential region where •OH generation is predominant according to the Tafel plots, and v) finally, the previously found ideal conditions are applied in the electrochemical degradation of amoxicillin, and the instantaneous current efficiency and relative cost of the process are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erika Méndez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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7
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Liu H, Hong X, Chen J, Lin X, Wang B, Xiong Y. Electrochemical oxidation of tetrahydrofurfuryl acohol on boron-doped diamond anode: Influence of current density and electrolyte solution. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140396. [PMID: 37820875 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA), a widely applied raw materials, intermediate and solvent in the fields of agricultural, industry (especially in nuclear industry), is a potentially hazardous and non-biodegradable pollutant in wastewater. In this study, the electrochemical degradation pathways of THFA by a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode with different current density (jappl = 20, 40 and 60 mA cm-2) and electrolyte solution (KNO3, KCl and K2SO4) was carefully investigated. The results exhibit that high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and mineralization rates were achieved by rapid non-selective oxidation in electrolyte solutions mediated by hydroxyl radicals (∙OH) and active chlorine (sulfate) under constant current electrolysis. In-depth data analysis using the high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy, the underlying removal pathways of THFA in KNO3, KCl and K2SO4 electrolyte solutions are proposed according to the effect of different mineralization mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China; School of Materials & Chemistry, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China
| | - Xiaofan Hong
- School of Materials & Chemistry, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China
| | - Jingshuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China; School of Materials & Chemistry, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China
| | - Xu Lin
- School of Materials & Chemistry, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Materials & Chemistry, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China.
| | - Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China; School of Materials & Chemistry, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China.
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8
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L Santos JE, D Gondim A, Vieira Dos Santos E, Martínez-Huitle CA. Innovative and efficient electroanalytical approach for determining persulfate in aqueous solutions using a gold electrode. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140263. [PMID: 37748657 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Persulfate (PDS), peroxodisulfate, peroxydisulfate, peroxodisulfuric acid, is an oxidant that can be generated by direct oxidation of sulfate ions or indirectly via reaction with hydroxyl radicals in anodes with high oxygen overpotential. Quantitative methods for determining/quantifying PDS in the presence of other strong oxidants or other anions in eco-friendly applications do not give reliable results because of these interferents. Therefore, an additional method is needed to improve the efficacy to determine/quantify the PDS concentration in oxidative environments. In this frame, an alternative sensing approach was developed based on the electroreduction of PDS in the polycrystalline gold electrode using the square wave voltammetry (SWV) technique for its detection and quantification. Then, the procedure was evaluated in terms of its effectiveness for determining PDS in complex matrices, such as in the electrolysis of sulfate ion precursor solutions using anodes with high oxygen overpotential (e.g.: diamond electrode) capable of generating other strong oxidants. Based on the results obtained, it was confirmed that only the direct electron transfer step is attained when PDS is electrochemically synthetized at the surface of the polycrystalline gold electrode, contributing to its detection and quantification by SWV. It was also observed that at acidic conditions, the PDS electroreduction process is controlled by mass transfer while that the sensitivity for PDS detection is improved, achieving detection limits of about 14 and 19 μM for perchloric and sulfuric acids medium, respectively. When the electrolysis of sulfate-based solution at acidic conditions was performed to determine the electrochemical production of PDS by SWV approach with Au sensor, the concentration of PDS was effectively determined and no interferences were assessed by other strong oxidants generated during the electrolysis. Conversely, the spectrophotometric method showed that, the results of the PDS concentration were overestimated and other strong oxidants significantly interfere with its determination during the electrolysis of sulfuric acid solutions. Therefore, the electroanalytical method presented here is a suitable alternative for determining PDS during the applicability of the environmental-electrochemical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Eudes L Santos
- Renewable Energies and Environmental Sustainability Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Campus Universitário, Av. Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Mi-cropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, UNESP, P.O. Box 355, 14800 900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Amanda D Gondim
- Renewable Energies and Environmental Sustainability Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Campus Universitário, Av. Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Elisama Vieira Dos Santos
- Renewable Energies and Environmental Sustainability Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Campus Universitário, Av. Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Mi-cropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, UNESP, P.O. Box 355, 14800 900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Martínez-Huitle
- Renewable Energies and Environmental Sustainability Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Campus Universitário, Av. Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Mi-cropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, UNESP, P.O. Box 355, 14800 900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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9
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Gimenes Vernasqui L, de Oliveira Santiago Santos G, Isidro J, Oliveira Silva T, de Vasconcelos Lanza MR, Saez C, Gomes Ferreira N, Rodrigo Rodrigo MA. New diamond coatings for a safer electrolytic disinfection. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:117871-117880. [PMID: 37875760 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30407-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new coating of boron-doped diamond ultra-nanocrystalline (U-NBDD), tailored to prevent massive formation of perchlorates during disinfection, is evaluated as electrode for the reclaiming of treated secondary wastewater by the electrochemically assisted disinfection process. Results obtained are compared to those obtained by using a standard electrode (STD) that was evaluated as a standard in previous research showing outstanding performance for this application. First tests were carried out to evaluate the chlorine speciation obtained after the electrolysis of synthetic chloride solutions at two different ranges of current densities. Concentrations of hypochlorite obtained using the U-NBDD anode at 25 mA cm-2 were 1.5-fold higher, outperforming STD anode; however, at 300 mA cm-2, an overturn on the behavior of anodes occurs where the amount of hypochlorite produced on STD anode was 1.5-fold higher. Importantly, at low current density the formation of chlorates and perchlorates is null using U-NBDD. Then, the disinfection of the real effluent of the secondary clarifier of a municipal wastewater treatment facility is assessed, where inactivation of Escherichia coli is achieved at low charge applied per volume electrolyzed (0.08 A h L-1) at 25 mA cm-2 using the U-NBDD. These findings demonstrate the appropriateness of the strategy followed in this work to obtain safer electro-disinfection technologies for the reclaiming of treated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Gimenes Vernasqui
- Laboratório Associado de Sensores E Materiais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Av. Dos Astronautas, São José Dos Campos, SP, 1758, 12227 010, Brazil
- Electrochemical & Environmental Engineering Lab, TEQUIMA Research Group - Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario S/N, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Gessica de Oliveira Santiago Santos
- Electrochemical & Environmental Engineering Lab, TEQUIMA Research Group - Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario S/N, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Grupo de Processos Eletroquímicos e Ambientais, GPEA Research Group -São Carlos São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Julia Isidro
- Electrochemical & Environmental Engineering Lab, TEQUIMA Research Group - Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario S/N, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Taynara Oliveira Silva
- Electrochemical & Environmental Engineering Lab, TEQUIMA Research Group - Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario S/N, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Grupo de Processos Eletroquímicos e Ambientais, GPEA Research Group -São Carlos São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto de Vasconcelos Lanza
- Grupo de Processos Eletroquímicos e Ambientais, GPEA Research Group -São Carlos São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Cristina Saez
- Electrochemical & Environmental Engineering Lab, TEQUIMA Research Group - Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario S/N, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Neidenei Gomes Ferreira
- Laboratório Associado de Sensores E Materiais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Av. Dos Astronautas, São José Dos Campos, SP, 1758, 12227 010, Brazil
| | - Manuel Andres Rodrigo Rodrigo
- Electrochemical & Environmental Engineering Lab, TEQUIMA Research Group - Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario S/N, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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10
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Camcıoğlu Ş, Özyurt B, Oturan N, Portehault D, Trellu C, Oturan MA. Heterogeneous electro-Fenton treatment of chemotherapeutic drug busulfan using magnetic nanocomposites as catalyst. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140129. [PMID: 37690550 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and efficient mineralization of the chemotherapeutic drug busulfan (BSF) as the target pollutant has been investigated for the first time by three different heterogeneous EF systems that were constructed to ensure the continuous electro-generation of H2O2 and •OH consisting of: i) a multifunctional carbon felt (CF) based cathode composed of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), iron oxide nanoparticles and carbon black (CB) (rGO-Fe3O4/CB@CF), ii) rGO modified cathode (rGO/CB@CF) and rGO supported Fe3O4 (rGO-Fe3O4) catalyst and iii) rGO modified cathode (rGO/CB@CF) and multi walled carbon nanotube supported Fe3O4 (MWCNT-Fe3O4) catalyst. The effects of main variables, including the catalyst amount, applied current and initial pH were investigated. Based on the results, H2O2 was produced by oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on the liquid-solid interface of both fabricated cathodes. •OH was generated by the reaction of H2O2 with the active site of ≡FeII on the surface of the multifunctional cathode and heterogeneous EF catalysts. Utilizing carbon materials with high conductivity, the redox cycling between ≡FeII and ≡FeIII was effectively facilitated and therefore promoted the performance of the process. The results demonstrated almost complete mineralization of BSF through the heterogeneous systems over a wide applicable pH range. According to the reusability and stability tests, multifunctional cathode exhibited outstanding performance after five consecutive cycles which is promising for the efficient mineralization of refractory organic pollutants. Moreover, intermediates products of BSF oxidation were identified and a plausible oxidation pathway was proposed. Therefore, this study demonstrates efficient and stable cathodes and catalysts for the efficient treatment of an anticancer active substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şule Camcıoğlu
- Ankara University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, 06100, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey; Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement EA 4508, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, Cedex 2, France.
| | - Baran Özyurt
- Ankara University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, 06100, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey; Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement EA 4508, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, Cedex 2, France
| | - Nihal Oturan
- Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement EA 4508, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, Cedex 2, France
| | - David Portehault
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de La Matière Condensée de Paris (CMCP), 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, France
| | - Clément Trellu
- Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement EA 4508, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, Cedex 2, France
| | - Mehmet A Oturan
- Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement EA 4508, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, Cedex 2, France.
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11
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Peralta-Reyes E, Regalado-Méndez A, Chimeo-Sánchez AA, Robles-Gómez EE, Natividad R. Electrochemical degradation of ciprofloxacin through a DoE-driven optimization in a filter-press type reactor under batch recirculation mode. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:1294-1316. [PMID: 37771228 PMCID: wst_2023_279 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the electrochemical degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) was studied in a filter-press-type reactor without division in a batch recirculation manner. For this purpose, two boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes (as cathode and anode) were employed. Also, the optimal operating conditions were found by response surface methodology (RSM) following a central composite face-centered design with three factors, namely current intensity (i), initial pH (pH0), and initial concentration ([C]0) with two responses, namely remotion efficiency (η) and operating cost. Optimal operating conditions were i = 3 A, pH0 = 8.49, and [C]0 = 33.26 mg L-1 within an electrolysis time of 5 h, leading to a maximum removal efficiency of 93.49% with a minimum operating cost of $0.013 USD L-1. Also, a TOC analysis shows an 80% of mineralization extent with an energy consumption of 5.11 kWh g-1 TOC. Furthermore, the CIP degradation progress was followed by mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and a degradation pathway is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ever Peralta-Reyes
- Investigation Laboratories, Universidad del Mar, Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca 70902, México E-mail:
| | | | | | - Edson E Robles-Gómez
- Investigation Laboratories, Universidad del Mar, Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca 70902, México
| | - Reyna Natividad
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable, UAEMex-UNAM, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Estado de México, Toluca 50200, México
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12
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Liang E, Huang T, Li J, Wang T. Degradation pathways of atrazine by electrochemical oxidation at different current densities: Identifications from compound-specific isotope analysis and DFT calculation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121987. [PMID: 37301451 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Current density was the key factor that impacted pollutant degradation by electrochemical oxidation, and reaction contributions at various current densities were non-negligible for the cost-effective treatments of organic pollutants. This research introduced compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) into atrazine (ATZ) degradation by boron doped diamond (BDD) with current density of 2.5-20 mA/cm2, in order to provide "in-situ" and "fingerprint" analysis of reaction contributions with changed current densities. As results, the increased current density displayed a positive impact on ATZ removal. The ɅC/H values (correlations of Δδ13C and Δδ2H) were 24.58, 9.18 and 8.74 when current densities were 20, 4, and 2.5 mA/cm2, with ·OH contribution of 93.5%, 77.2% and 80.35%, respectively. While DET process favored lower current density with contribution rates up to ∼20%. What's more interesting, though the carbon and hydrogen isotope enrichment factors (εC and εH) were fluctuate, the ɅC/H linearly increased accompanied with applied current densities. Therefore, increasing current density was effective due to the larger ·OH contribution even though side reactions may occur. DFT calculations proved the increase of C-Cl bond length and the delocalization of Cl atom, confirming dechlorination reaction mainly occurred in the direct electron transfer process. While ·OH radical mainly attack the C-N bond on the side chain, which was more benefit to the fast decomposition of ATZ molecule and intermediates. It was forceful to discuss pollutant degradation mechanism by combining CSIA and DFT calculations. Target bond cleavage (i.e., dehalogenation reaction) can be conducted by changing reaction conditions like current density due to the significantly different isotope fractionation and bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhang Liang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Taobo Huang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China.
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13
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Zeng G, Wang J, Dai M, Meng Y, Luo H, Zhou Q, Lin L, Zang K, Meng Z, Pan X. Natural iron minerals in an electrocatalytic oxidation system and in situ pollutant removal in groundwater: Applications, mechanisms, and challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:161826. [PMID: 36708820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural iron-bearing minerals are widely distributed in the environment and show prominent catalytic performance in pollutant removal. This work provides an overview of groundwater restoration technologies utilizing heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) techniques with the aid of different iron forms as catalysts. In particular, applications of natural iron-bearing minerals in groundwater in the HEF system have been thoroughly summarized from either the view of organic pollutant removal or degradation. Based on the analysis of the catalytic mechanism in the HEF process by pyrite (FeS2), goethite (α-FeOOH), and magnetite (Fe3O4) and the geochemistry analysis of these natural iron-bearing minerals in groundwater, the feasibility and challenges of HEF for organic degradation by using typical iron minerals in groundwater have been discussed, and natural factors affecting the HEF process have been analyzed so that appropriate in situ remedial measures can be applied to contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganning Zeng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology, MNR, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Ji Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Mengzheng Dai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yutong Meng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hongwei Luo
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Liangyu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology, MNR, Hangzhou 310012, China; Zhejiang Academic of Marine Science, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Kunpeng Zang
- Zhejiang Carbon Neutral Innovation Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhu Meng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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14
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Cisneros-León DG, Espinoza-Montero PJ, Bolaños-Mendez D, Alvarez-Paguay J, Fernández L, Saavedra-Alulema PF, Lopez K, Astorga D, Piñeiros JL. Electrochemical degradation of surfactants in domestic wastewater using a DiaClean ® cell equipped with a boron-doped diamond electrode. Front Chem 2023; 11:900670. [PMID: 37179778 PMCID: PMC10167046 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.900670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Treating domestic wastewater has become more and more complicated due to the high content of different types of detergents. In this context, advanced electro-oxidation (AEO) has become a powerful tool for complex wastewater remediation. The electrochemical degradation of surfactants present in domestic wastewater was carried out using a DiaClean® cell in a recirculation system equipped with boron-doped diamond (BDD) as the anode and stainless steel as the cathode. The effect of recirculation flow (1.5, 4.0 and 7.0 L min-1) and the applied current density (j = 7, 14, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mA cm-2) was studied. The degradation was followed by the concentration of surfactants, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and turbidity. pH value, conductivity, temperature, sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, and chlorides were also evaluated. Toxicity assays were studied through evaluating Chlorella sp. performance at 0, 3, and 7 h of treatment. Finally, the mineralization was followed by total organic carbon (TOC) under optimal operating conditions. The results showed that applying j = 14 mA cm-2 and a flow rate of 1.5 L min-1 during 7 h of electrolysis were the best conditions for the efficient mineralization of wastewater, achieving the removal of 64.7% of surfactants, 48.7% of COD, 24.9% of turbidity, and 44.9% of mineralization analyzed by the removal of TOC. The toxicity assays showed that Chlorella microalgae were unable to grow in AEO-treated wastewater (cellular density: 0 × 104 cells ml-1 after 3- and 7-h treatments). Finally, the energy consumption was analyzed, and the operating cost of 1.40 USD m-3 was calculated. Therefore, this technology allows for the degradation of complex and stable molecules such as surfactants in real and complex wastewater, if toxicity is not taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana G. Cisneros-León
- Escuela de Ciencia Químicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Diego Bolaños-Mendez
- Escuela de Ciencia Químicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Lenys Fernández
- Escuela de Ciencia Químicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Kelly Lopez
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Diana Astorga
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - José Luis Piñeiros
- Escuela de Ciencia Químicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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15
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Long X, Shi H, Huang R, Gu L, Liu Y, He CS, Du Y, Xiong Z, Liu W, Lai B. Identifying the evolution of primary oxidation mechanisms and pollutant degradation routes in the electro-cocatalytic Fenton-like systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130577. [PMID: 37055982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Herein, electro-catalysis (EC) as the electron donor to accelerate the continuable Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycles in different inorganic peroxides (i.e., peroxymonosulfate (PMS), peroxydisulfate (PDS) and hydrogen peroxide (HP)) activation systems were established. These electro-cocatalytic Fenton-like systems exhibited an excellent degradation efficiency of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). A series of analytical and characterization methods including quenching experiments, probe experiments, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry (EPR) were implemented to systematically sort out the source and yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A wide kind of ROS including hydroxyl radical (•OH), singlet oxygen (1O2), and sulfate radical (SO4•-), which contributed 38%, 37%, and 24% were produced in EC/Fe(III)/PMS system, respectively. •OH was the dominant ROS in both EC/Fe(III)/PDS and EC/Fe(III)/HP processes. According to the analysis of SMX degradation routes and biotoxicity, abundant degradation pathways were identified in EC/Fe(III)/PMS process and lower environmental impact was achieved in EC/Fe(III)/HP process. The diversiform ROS of EC/Fe(III)/PMS system makes it exhibit greater environmental adaptability in complex water matrixes and excellent low-energy consumption performance in many organic pollutants degradation. Continuous flow treatment experiments proved that the three systems have great sustainability and practical application prospect. This work provides a strong basis for constructing suitable systems to achieve different treatment requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hongle Shi
- Sichuan Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rongfu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Lingyun Gu
- Sichuan Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chuan-Shu He
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ye Du
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhaokun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Wen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bo Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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16
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Zhao D, Zhai C, He Y, Chen B, Gao C, Huang H, Guo Z. Insights into the degradation of norfloxacin antibiotics on boron-doped diamond anode: Kinetics, pathways and mechanisms. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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17
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Braxton E, Fox DJ, Breeze BG, Tully JJ, Levey KJ, Newton ME, Macpherson JV. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance for the Detection of Electrochemically Generated Hydroxyl Radicals: Issues Associated with Electrochemical Oxidation of the Spin Trap. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2023; 3:21-31. [PMID: 36817006 PMCID: PMC9936800 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
For the detection of electrochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (HO·) from the oxidation of water on a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) in combination with spin trap labels is a popular technique. Here, we show that quantification of the concentration of HO· from water oxidation via spin trap electrochemical (EC)-EPR is problematic. This is primarily due to the spin trap oxidizing at potentials less positive than water, resulting in the same spin trap-OH· adduct as formed from the solution reaction of OH· with the spin trap. We illustrate this through consideration of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) as a spin trap for OH·. DMPO oxidation on a BDD electrode in an acidic aqueous solution occurs at a peak current potential of +1.90 V vs SCE; the current for water oxidation starts to rise rapidly at ca. +2.3 V vs SCE. EC-EPR spectra show signatures due to the spin trap adduct (DMPO-OH·) at potentials lower than that predicted thermodynamically (for water/HO·) and in the region for DMPO oxidation. Increasing the potential into the water oxidation region, surprisingly, shows a lower DMPO-OH· concentration than when the potential is in the DMPO oxidation region. This behavior is attributed to further oxidation of DMPO-OH·, production of fouling products on the electrode surface, and bubble formation. Radical scavengers (ethanol) and other spin traps, here N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone, α-(4-pyridyl N-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone, and 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane dimer, also show electrochemical oxidation signals less positive than that of water on a BDD electrode. Such behavior also complicates their use for the intended application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Braxton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CoventryCV4 7AL, U.K.
- Molecular
Analytical Science Centre for Doctoral Training, University of Warwick, CoventryCV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - David J. Fox
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CoventryCV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Ben G. Breeze
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, CoventryCV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Joshua J. Tully
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CoventryCV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Katherine J. Levey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CoventryCV4 7AL, U.K.
- Centre
for Doctoral Training in Diamond Science and Technology, University of Warwick, CoventryCV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Mark E. Newton
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, CoventryCV4 7AL, U.K.
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18
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de Castro CM, Olivi P, de Freitas Araújo KC, Barbosa Segundo ID, Dos Santos EV, Martínez-Huitle CA. Environmental application of a cost-effective smartphone-based method for COD analysis: Applicability in the electrochemical treatment of real wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158816. [PMID: 36115407 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to develop a cheap method for the evaluation of quality of water or the assessment of the treatment of water by chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements throughout the use of the HSV color model in digital devices. A free application installed on a smartphone was used for analyzing the images in which the colors were acquired before to be quantified. The proposed method was also validated by the standard and spectrophotometric methods, demonstrating that no significant statistical differences were attained (average accuracy of 97 %). With these results, the utilization of this smartphone-based method for COD analysis was used/evaluated, for first time, by treating electrochemically a real water matrix with substantial organic and salts content using BDD and Pt/Ti anodes. Aiming to understand the performance of both anodes, bulk experiments were performed under real pH by applying current densities (j) of 15, 30, and 60 mA cm-2. COD abatement results (which were achieved with this novel smart water security solution) clearly showed that different organic matter removal efficiencies were achieved, depending on the electrocatalytic material used as well as the applied current density (42 %, 45 %, and 85 % for Ti/Pt while 93 %, 97 % and total degradation for BDD by applying 15, 30, and 60 mA cm-2, respectively). However, when the persulfate-mediated oxidation approach was used, with the addition of 2 or 4 g Na2SO4 L-1, COD removal efficiencies were enhanced, obtaining total degradation with 4 g Na2SO4 L-1 and by applying 15 mA cm-2. Finally, this smartphone imaging-based method provides a simple and rapid method for the evaluation of COD during the use of electrochemical remediation technology, developing and decentralizing analytics technologies for smart water solutions which play a key role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio M de Castro
- Departamento de Química da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14.040-901, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38.064-790, Brazil
| | - Paulo Olivi
- Departamento de Química da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14.040-901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elisama V Dos Santos
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59.078-970, Brazil
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19
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Fu R, Zhang PS, Jiang YX, Sun L, Sun XH. Wastewater treatment by anodic oxidation in electrochemical advanced oxidation process: Advance in mechanism, direct and indirect oxidation detection methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136993. [PMID: 36309052 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Process (EAOP) has been applied to the degradation of refractory pollutants in wastewater due to its strong oxidation capacity, high degradation efficiency, simple operation, and mild reaction. Among electrochemical processes, anodic oxidation (AO) is the most widely used and its mechanism is mainly divided into direct oxidation and indirect oxidation. Direct oxidation means that pollutants are oxidized at the anode by direct electron transfer. Indirect oxidation refers to the generation of active species during the electrolytic reaction, which acts on pollutants. The mechanism of AO process is controlled by many factors, including electrode type, electrocatalyst material, wastewater composition, pH, applied current and voltage levels. It is very important to explore the reaction mechanism of electrochemical treatment, which determines the efficiency of the reaction, the products of the reaction, and the extent of reaction. This paper firstly reviews the current research progress on the mechanism of AO process, and summarizes in detail the different mechanisms caused by influencing factors under common AO process. Then, strategies and methods to distinguish direct oxidation and indirect oxidation mechanisms are reviewed, such as intermediate product analysis, electrochemical test analysis, active species detection, theoretical calculation, and the limitations of these methods are analyzed. Finally some suggestions are put forward for the study of the mechanism of electrochemical advanced oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Fu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, 132012, Jilin, PR China.
| | - Peng-Shuang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, 132012, Jilin, PR China.
| | - Yuan-Xing Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, 132012, Jilin, PR China.
| | - Lin Sun
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, ChangChun, 130012, Jilin, PR China.
| | - Xu-Hui Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, 132012, Jilin, PR China.
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20
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Long X, Huang R, Li Y, Wang J, Zhang M, Ying Zhang I. Understanding the electro-cocatalytic peroxymonosulfate-based systems with BDD versus DSA anodes: radical versus nonradical dominated degradation mechanisms. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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21
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Meshalkin VP, Shulaev NS, Kadyrov RR, Pryanichnikova VV, Kulov NN, Garabadzhiu AV. Electrochemical Remediation of Oil-Contaminated Soils Factoring in Terrain: Theoretical and Experimental Studies. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222120532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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22
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Ren H, Bi Y, Liu F, Zhang C, Wei N, Fan L, Zhou R. Removal of ofloxacin from wastewater by chloride electrolyte electro-oxidation: Analysis of the role of active chlorine and operating costs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:157963. [PMID: 35952871 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electro-oxidation (EO) has received increasing attention as an efficient and green method for removing pollutants from wastewater. Chloride anions (Cl-), which commonly exist in wastewater, can act as an electrolyte for the EO process. However, the role of reactive chlorine species (RCS) generated near electrodes is often underestimated. In this study, we generated hydroxyl radicals (OH) and RCS in a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode system and investigated its degradation mechanism for ofloxacin (OFX) removal. The findings suggested that OFX degradation was dominated by OH existing near the anode in solution, with RCS playing a supporting role. Based on the produced intermediates, we proposed an OFX decomposition pathway. The biological toxicities of the intermediates were evaluated through the ECOSAR and T.E.S.T. procedure. Nearly half of the intermediates are less toxic than the parent compound. After optimizing the operating parameters by the response surface methodology, 20 mg/L OFX was almost completely degraded after 10 min of reaction in 1.45 g/L NaCl with a current density (j) of 18 mA/cm2, and the total organic carbon was decreased by 30.55 %. The energy consumption and current efficiency were 0.648 kW·h/gTOC and 8.65 %, respectively. Comparing the operating costs of the proposed and other EO methods, our method emerged as a viable new treatment scheme for similar polluted wastewaters. This study aims to comprehensively understand the potential application value of BDD electrodes in the treatment of Cl- containing organic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuhang Bi
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fangyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chunpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Nan Wei
- Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lujian Fan
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Degradation of surrogate and real naphthenic acids from simulated and real oil sand process water using electrochemically activated peroxymonosulfate (EO-PMS) process. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Modifying acidic oxygen production properties of PbO2 by porous Mn2O3 microspheres for boosting stability. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Câmara Cardozo J, da Silva DR, Martínez-Huitle CA, Quiroz MA, Dos Santos EV. Photovoltaic Electrochemically Driven Degradation of Calcon Dye with Simultaneous Green Hydrogen Production. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7445. [PMID: 36363037 PMCID: PMC9655423 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, for the first time, the production of green hydrogen gas (H2) in the cathodic compartment, in concomitance with the electrochemical oxidation (EO) of an aqueous solution containing Calcon dye at the anodic compartment, was studied in a PEM-type electrochemical cell driven by a photovoltaic (PV) energy source. EO of Calcon was carried out on a Nb/BDD anode at different current densities (7.5, 15 and 30 mA cm-2), while a stainless steel (SS) cathode was used for green H2 production. The results of the analysis by UV-vis spectroscopy and total organic carbon (TOC) clearly showed that the electrochemical oxidation (EO) of the Calcon dye after 180 min of electrolysis time by applying 30 mA cm-2 reached up to 90% of degradation and 57% of TOC removal. Meanwhile, under these experimental conditions, a green H2 production greater than 0.9 L was achieved, with a Faradaic efficiency of 98%. The hybrid electrolysis strategy is particularly attractive in the context of a circular economy, as these can be coupled with the use of more complex water matrices to transform organic depollution into an energy resource to produce H2 as a chemical energy carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussara Câmara Cardozo
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Djalma R. da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), UNESP, Araraquara 14800-900, Brazil
| | - Marco A. Quiroz
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Elisama V. Dos Santos
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
- School of Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
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26
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de Mello R, Motheo AJ, Sáez C, Rodrigo MA. Combination of granular activated carbon adsorption and electrochemical oxidation processes in methanol medium for benzene removal. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Biswas B, Goel S. Electrocoagulation and electrooxidation technologies for pesticide removal from water or wastewater: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134709. [PMID: 35489460 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are known to be threats to the environment and human health. Excessive use of pesticides in agricultural practice can contaminate water bodies, leading to cancer, asthma, neurological disorders, reproductive defects, and hormonal disruption. Electrochemical methods such as electrocoagulation and electrooxidation can be used for pesticide removal due to their numerous advantages such as high efficiency, less sludge production, and low operational cost. During electrocoagulation, dissolution of anode metals results in metal hydroxide complexes, which precipitate with the contaminant present in the reactor. Simultaneously, electro-flotation occurs at the cathode and results in the evolution of hydrogen gas bubbles, leading to flotation of floc to the top surface of the reactor. This review focuses on the removal mechanisms, kinetics, modeling, effects of influencing factors, and sludge characterization of pesticide removal using electrocoagulation and electrooxidation. Major influencing factors include cell configuration, electrode material, current density, pH, supporting electrolyte concentration. In general, aluminum and iron are the most common electrodes used for pesticide removal using electrocoagulation, while boron-doped diamond was used to a far greater extent as the electrode in electrooxidation studies. Greater than 99% removal efficiency was observed in both processes. Overall, this review summarizes the use of electrochemical methods for pesticide removal and offers valuable information to researchers in this area of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishwatma Biswas
- Environmental Engineering and Management, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudha Goel
- Environmental Engineering and Management, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India.
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Rodrigues AS, Souiad F, Fernandes A, Baía A, Pacheco MJ, Ciríaco L, Bendaoud-Boulahlib Y, Lopes A. Treatment of fruit processing wastewater by electrochemical and activated persulfate processes: Toxicological and energetic evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112868. [PMID: 35143803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A fruit processing wastewater was submitted to different advanced oxidation processes, namely, electro-Fenton (EF), electrochemical oxidation (EO), activated persulfate (PS), and combined EF/PS. The performance of the treatment processes, at different experimental conditions, regarding organic load removal, biodegradability increment, toxicity reduction, and specific energy consumption (Esp), was evaluated. At the experimental conditions studied, EO led to the treated solutions with the highest biodegradability increment, from 0.24 to 0.48, and toxicity reduction towards Daphnia magna, from 5.8 to 1.5 toxic units, without requiring the addition of chemicals. Nevertheless, the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals were obtained for EF and combined EF/PS treatments. For the electrochemical processes, an increase in COD removal rate with applied current density (j) was observed. However, the increase in j substantially raised the Esp. In PS treatment, COD removals above 80% were only achieved for high amounts of added persulfate and iron, which led to less biodegradable and more toxic solutions. Combined EF/PS attained the lowest Esp values, mainly due to the conductivity increase originated by the persulfate and iron salts addition. Besides the disadvantage of the chemicals added, this combined treatment led to treated solutions with very acidic pH and significant iron content.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Rodrigues
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marques de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - F Souiad
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marques de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal; Unité de Recherche CHEMS, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université Constantine 1, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - A Fernandes
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marques de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - A Baía
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marques de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - M J Pacheco
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marques de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - L Ciríaco
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marques de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Y Bendaoud-Boulahlib
- Unité de Recherche CHEMS, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université Constantine 1, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - A Lopes
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marques de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
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Zhang Z, Yi G, Li P, Wang X, Wang X, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Sun Q. Eu/GO/PbO2 composite based anode for highly efficient electrochemical oxidation of hydroquinone. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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31
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Suara MA, Ganiyu SO, Paul S, Stafford JL, Gamal El-Din M. Solar-activated zinc oxide photocatalytic treatment of real oil sands process water: Effect of treatment parameters on naphthenic acids, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and acute toxicity removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:153029. [PMID: 35026262 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oil sands process water (OSPW) is an industrial process effluent that contains organic compounds such as naphthenic acids (NAs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as well as large quantities of inorganic compounds in its mixture. OSPW requires effective treatment for successful reclamation and water reuse. This study investigated the impact of solar-activated zinc oxide (ZnO) photocatalysis on the degradation and removal of NAs and PAHs in OSPW, as well as the elimination of its acute toxicity. With catalyst particles suspended in the effluent (at 1 g/L) under simulated solar radiation of steady irradiance of ~278 W/m2, more than 99% removal of NAs was achieved after 4 h of treatment, while nearly all PAHs were simultaneously oxidized within the same reaction time. The photocatalytic treatment appeared to selectively convert classical NAs faster than oxidized NAs. Additionally, NAs with higher double-bond equivalents (DBEs) and higher carbon numbers seemed more susceptible to photocatalytic destruction than others. An overall pseudo first-order rate constant of 1.14 × 10-2 min-1, and a fluence-based rate constant of 6.81 × 10-1 m2/MJ were recorded in apparently hydroxyl radicals (OH) and superoxide (O2-) radicals mediated NAs degradation mechanisms. Assessment of the toxicity levels in raw and treated OSPW samples by using Microtox® bioassay indicated that the photocatalytic treatment resulted in ~50% reduction in acute toxicity. Furthermore, we showed that by monitoring the expression levels of key proinflammatory genes using qPCR that treated OSPW significantly reduced the ability of raw OSPW to activate the inflammatory response of immune cells. This indicates that at acute sub-lethal exposure doses, photocatalytic treatment also reduces immunotoxicity. Overall, our results suggest that the ZnO-based photocatalytic degradation of these NAs and PAHs in OSPW could be a significant treatment process aimed at detoxifying OSPW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monsuru A Suara
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Soliu O Ganiyu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Sunanda Paul
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - James L Stafford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
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32
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Hao Y, Ma H, Proietto F, Prestigiacomo C, Peng Fei M, Galia A, Scialdone O. Removal of phenol in water in the presence of NaCl in undivided cells equipped with carbon felt or Ni cathodes: Effect of air pressure. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyong Hao
- University of Palermo: Universita degli Studi di Palermo Dipartimento di Ingegneria CHINA
| | - Hongrui Ma
- Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi\'an Campus: Shaanxi University of Science and Technology School of Environmental Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Federica Proietto
- University of Palermo: Universita degli Studi di Palermo Dipartimento di Ingegneria ITALY
| | - Claudia Prestigiacomo
- University of Palermo: Universita degli Studi di Palermo Dipartimento di Ingegneria ITALY
| | - Ma Peng Fei
- Università degli Studi di Palermo: Universita degli Studi di Palermo Dipartimento di Ingegneria CHINA
| | - Alessandro Galia
- University of Palermo: Universita degli Studi di Palermo Dipartimento di Ingegneria ITALY
| | - Onofrio Scialdone
- Università Ingegneria Chimica Gestionale Informatica Meccanica viale delle Scienze 90128 Palermo ITALY
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33
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Dos Santos AJ, Fortunato GV, Kronka MS, Vernasqui LG, Ferreira NG, Lanza MRV. Electrochemical oxidation of ciprofloxacin in different aqueous matrices using synthesized boron-doped micro and nano-diamond anodes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112027. [PMID: 34508772 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present work investigates the electrocatalytic performance of two different morphologies of boron doped-diamond film electrode (microcrystalline diamond - MCD, and nanocrystalline diamond - NCD) used in electrochemical oxidation for the removal of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP). A thorough study was conducted regarding the formation of the MCD and NCD films through the adjustment of methane in CH4/H2 gas mixture, and the two films were compared in terms of crystalline structure, apparent doping level, and electrochemical properties. The physicochemical results showed that the NCD film had higher sp2 carbon content and greater doping level; this contributed to improvements in its surface roughness, as well as its specific capacitance and charge transfer, which consequently enhanced its electrocatalytic activity in comparison with the MCD. The results obtained from CIP removal and mineralization assays performed in sulfate medium also showed that the NCD was more efficient than the MCD under all the current densities investigated. The effects of CIP concentration and the evolution of the final by-products, including short-chain carboxylic acids and inorganic ions, were also investigated. The electrochemical performance of the NCD was evaluated in different aqueous matrices, including chloride medium, real wastewater and simulated urine. The application of the NCD led to complete or almost complete CIP degradation, regardless of the medium employed. The kinetic constant rates obtained under the different media investigated were as follows: synthetic urine (0.0416 min-1 - R2 = 0.991) < real wastewater (0.0923 min-1 R2 = 0.997) < synthetic matrix containing chloride (0.1992 min-1 - R2 = 0.995); this shows that the pollutant degradation was affected by the type of aqueous matrix and the oxidants that were electrogenerated in situ. The results obtained from the analysis of electrical energy per order (EE/O) showed that the treatment of simulated urine spkiked with required the highest energy consumption, followed by the real effluent and synthetic matrix containing chloride. The present study proves the viability of electrocatalytic nanostructured materials to the treatment of antibiotics in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexsandro J Dos Santos
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme V Fortunato
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil.
| | - Matheus S Kronka
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Laís G Vernasqui
- National Institute for Space Research - INPE, Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, Jd. Granja, São José dos Campos, SP, 12227-010, Brazil
| | - Neidenêi G Ferreira
- National Institute for Space Research - INPE, Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, Jd. Granja, São José dos Campos, SP, 12227-010, Brazil
| | - Marcos R V Lanza
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil.
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34
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Kiendrebeogo M, Karimi Estahbanati MR, Ouarda Y, Drogui P, Tyagi RD. Electrochemical degradation of nanoplastics in water: Analysis of the role of reactive oxygen species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:151897. [PMID: 34826468 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics and nanoplastics (NPs) are emerging water contaminants which have recently gained lots of attention because of their effects on the aquatic systems and human life. Most of the previous works on the treatment of plastic pollution in water have been focused on microplastics and a very limited study has been performed on the NPs treatment. In this work, the role of main reactive oxygen species (ROSs) in the electrooxidation (EO) and electro-peroxidation (EO-H2O2) of NPs in water is investigated. In-situ generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH), persulfates (S2O82-), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were performed using boron-doped diamond (BDD) as the anode, whereas titanium (in EO process) and carbon felt (CF, in EO-H2O2 process) were used as cathode. In the EO process, NPs were mainly oxidized by two types of ROSs on the BDD surface: (i) •OH from water discharge and (ii) SO4•- via S2O82- reaction with •OH. In EO-H2O2 process, NPs were additionally degraded by •OH formed from H2O2 decomposition as well as SO4•- generated from direct or indirect reactions with H2O2. Analysis of the degradation of NPs showed that EO-H2O2 process was around 2.6 times more effective than EO process. The optimum amount of NPs degradation efficiency of 86.8% was obtained using EO-H2O2 process at the current density of 36 mA·cm-2, 0.03 M Na2SO4, pH of 2, and 40 min reaction time. In addition, 3D EEM fluorescence analysis confirmed the degradation of NPs. Finally, the economic analysis showed the treatment of NPs using EO-H2O2 process had an operating cost of 2.3 $US.m-3, which was around 10 times less than the EO process. This study demonstrated that the in-situ generation of ROSs can significantly enhance the degradation of NPs in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Kiendrebeogo
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement (ETE), 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, QC, CANADA
| | - M R Karimi Estahbanati
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement (ETE), 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, QC, CANADA.
| | - Yassine Ouarda
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement (ETE), 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, QC, CANADA
| | - Patrick Drogui
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement (ETE), 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, QC, CANADA.
| | - R D Tyagi
- Distinguished Prof Huzhou University, China; BOSK Bioproducts, Québec, Canada
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Hao Y, Ma H, Proietto F, Galia A, Scialdone O. Electrochemical treatment of wastewater contaminated by organics and containing chlorides: Effect of operative parameters on the abatement of organics and the generation of chlorinated by-products. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Song Y, Xiao M, Li Z, Luo Y, Zhang K, Du X, Zhang T, Wang Z, Liang H. Degradation of antibiotics, organic matters and ammonia during secondary wastewater treatment using boron-doped diamond electro-oxidation combined with ceramic ultrafiltration. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131680. [PMID: 34365166 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a BDD electrolytic oxidation-ceramic membrane ultrafiltration (EO-CM) system for the removals of antibiotics, organic matters and ammonia in wastewater was evaluated. Sulfamethazine (SMZ) was degraded following a pseudo first-order kinetics. The removal rate of SMZ improved with the increase of electro-oxidation time (0-60 min) and current density (5-30 mA/cm2). During the BDD electro-oxidation process, H2O2 and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) were generated which were detected by N, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) method and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), respectively. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was able to be removed by EO and CM processes, in which proteins and humic acids were regarded as the main removed components measured using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) technique. Moreover, BDD electro-oxidation pretreatment could make the CM process maintain a high water flux and significantly control the membrane fouling and relieve transmembrane pollution. In addition, the removal of ammonia was enhanced with the increase of chloride ions (Cl-) in wastewater during EO process due to the generation of active chlorine (i.e., ClO-, HClO, or Cl2) from the oxidation of Cl-. Chloramine and nitrogen were produced in the oxidation of ammonia by active chlorine. Overall, the results of this study suggest that BDD EO-CM system is a promising process for removing antibiotics, organic matters and ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Mengyao Xiao
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Ziyang Li
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yunlong Luo
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xing Du
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Tianxiang Zhang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zhihong Wang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, China.
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Brito LR, Ganiyu SO, dos Santos EV, Oturan MA, Martínez-Huitle CA. Removal of antibiotic rifampicin from aqueous media by advanced electrochemical oxidation: Role of electrode materials, electrolytes and real water matrices. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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38
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Modrzynski C, Blaesing L, Hippmann S, Bertau M, Bloh JZ, Weidlich C. Electrochemical Recycling of Photovoltaic Modules to Recover Metals and Silicon Wafers. CHEM-ING-TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisa Blaesing
- Freiberg University of Mining and Technology Institute of Chemical Technology Leipziger Straße 29 09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Sebastian Hippmann
- Freiberg University of Mining and Technology Institute of Chemical Technology Leipziger Straße 29 09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Martin Bertau
- Freiberg University of Mining and Technology Institute of Chemical Technology Leipziger Straße 29 09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Jonathan Z. Bloh
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25 60486 Frankfurt a. M. Germany
| | - Claudia Weidlich
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25 60486 Frankfurt a. M. Germany
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39
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Sun W, Liu D, Zhang M. Application of electrode materials and catalysts in electrocatalytic treatment of dye wastewater. Front Chem Sci Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-021-2108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Electro-Fenton process for the removal of Direct Red 23 using BDD anode in chloride and sulfate media. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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41
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Du X, Li Z, Xiao M, Mo Z, Wang Z, Li X, Yang Y. An electro-oxidation reactor for treatment of nanofiltration concentrate towards zero liquid discharge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:146990. [PMID: 34088166 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanofiltration (NF) concentrate generated from the secondary wastewater treatment contains high concentration of ammonium nitrogen and refractory organics, thus having great environmental risks. In this study, an electro-oxidation (EO) reactor built up with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode is utilized to treat the NF concentrate. To reach "zero liquid discharge", a mixture of the electrolytic effluent and the raw secondary wastewater was collected and transported back to the NF module. Results show that under the current density of 30 mA·cm-2, most of ammonia nitrogen was decomposed into N-gases within 30 min due to the active chlorine radicals generated in the electrochemical process. Moreover, the EO reactor completely eliminated antibiotics, humic acids and bacteria in the NF concentrate under long electrolysis time of 60 min. In particular, the organic pollutants removal rate was kept at a stable value in the EO reactor for a long-term operation of up to 120 h. In addition, the NF membrane remained a constant permeate flux without being affected by the membrane biofouling caused by organic components in wastewater. Our study highlights the potential of the NF-EO process as a "zero liquid discharge" approach for treatment of the secondary wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Du
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ziyang Li
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Mengyao Xiao
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhuoyu Mo
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Xianhui Li
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, PR China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Electrochemical oxidation of hydroquinone using Eu-doped PbO2 electrodes: Electrode characterization, influencing factors and degradation pathways. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Rondinini S, Pargoletti E, Vertova A, Minguzzi A. Hydrodehalogenation of Polychloromethanes on Silver‐Based Gas Diffusion Electrodes. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rondinini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Eleonora Pargoletti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Alberto Vertova
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Alessandro Minguzzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
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Electrochemical oxidation of 2-chloroaniline in single and divided electrochemical flow cells using boron doped diamond anodes. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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45
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Application of Mineral Iron-Based Natural Catalysts in Electro-Fenton Process: A Comparative Study. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential use of novel iron based mineral catalysts as an effective and available material for electrocatalytic oxidation of refractory contaminants by heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) process was studied for the first time. For this purpose, four natural catalysts, namely ilmenite (FeTiO3), pyrite (FeS2), chromite (FeCr2O4), and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) were selected as the source of ferrous iron (Fe2+) ions. The catalyst samples were appropriately characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and RAMAN analysis. The degradation kinetics and mineralization rate of 0.2 mM antibiotic cefazolin (CFZ), as a contaminant of emerging concern, were comparatively investigated by HEF using the catalysts mentioned above. The effect of important experimental parameters such as catalysts loading and current on the process efficiency was investigated. Moreover, the performance of these new mineral catalysts was compared in term of CFZ degradation kinetics, mineralization power, mineralization current efficiency and electrical energy consumption. A greater enhancement in degradation/mineralization of CFZ was obtained when using chalcopyrite as the catalyst in HEF. The stability and reusability experiments demonstrated negligible decrease in catalytic activity of chalcopyrite after five consecutive runs. Besides, the rate constant for CFZ oxidation by hydroxyl radicals was estimated according the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The empirical assessment, in addition to economic evaluation, confirmed that iron based mineral catalysts and specifically chalcopyrite could be an appropriate and cost-effective alternative catalyst for HEF due to its high catalytic activity, availability, eco-friendly nature and low energy consumption compared to other synthesized catalysts.
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Du X, Mo Z, Li Z, Zhang W, Luo Y, Nie J, Wang Z, Liang H. Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electro-oxidation coupled with nanofiltration for secondary wastewater treatment: Antibiotics degradation and biofouling. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106291. [PMID: 33395938 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electro-oxidation technology coupled with nanofiltration membrane (EO-NF) technology was investigated for its effectiveness in removing antibiotics (i.e., sulfamethazine:SMZ) and mitigating biofouling during secondary wastewater treatment. The result showed that EO obtained an effective SMZ removal, owing to the ·OH generation observed by Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis; complete elimination of SMZ was found under the high current density (30 mA/cm2) and long Electrolysis Time (ET = 60 min). Meanwhile, EO-NF process enabled to reduce COD content from 60 mg/L to nearly 5 mg/L. Furthermore, regardless of the effect of EO process, NF could retain most NH3-N because of the excellent performance of NF for ions rejection, and its permeate concentration was below 0.5 mg/L. EO was able to reduce membrane fouling notably, increasing the final flux (15 L/(m2·h)) of NF by 25.1% during long-term operation (240 h). Scanning electron microscopy-Energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) showed that a porous layer formed on the vicinity of NF membrane in the case of filtrating EO effluent, in contrast to a uniform and dense biofouling layer generated during the direct NF. Besides, the content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the number of bacterial colonies in the retentate of the EO-NF process were greater than those of the direct NF process. This resulted in a smaller amount of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) attaching to the membrane surface, decreasing the tightness and hardness of the fouling layer in the case of EO, as indicated by CLSM analysis. Overall, considering its ability to effectively eliminate persistent contaminants and reduce membrane fouling, BDD-based EO is considered a promising pre-treatment option for future NF applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Du
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Zhuoyu Mo
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Ziyang Li
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Wenxiang Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Yunlong Luo
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Jinxu Nie
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Zhihong Wang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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de Melo JF, de Araújo DM, Ribeiro da Silva D, Villegas-Guzman P, Martínez-Huitle CA. Electrochemical treatment of real petrochemical effluent: current density effect and toxicological tests. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:2304-2315. [PMID: 33339786 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to investigate the electrochemical treatment of petrochemical industry effluents (from the northwest region of Brazil) mediated by active chlorine species electrogenerated at ruthenium-titanium oxide supported in titanium (Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2) and boron doped diamond (BDD) anodes by applying 15 and 45 mA cm-2. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) determinations and toxicity analyses were carried out in order to evaluate the process extension as well as the possible reuse of the wastewater after treatment. Toxicity was evaluated by assessing the inhibition of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) stem growth, seed germination, and the production of nitrite (NO-2) and nitrate (NO-3) species. Results clearly showed that the best COD reduction performances were reached at the BDD anode, achieving almost 100% of removal in a short time. Degradation of nitrogen-organic compounds generated NO-2 and NO-3 which act as nutrients for lettuce. Toxicity results also indicated that the electrogenerated active chlorine species are persistent in the effluent after the treatment, avoiding the stem growth, and consequently affecting the germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Ferreira de Melo
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Institute of Chemistry, Lagoa Nova, 59078-970 Natal, RN, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Danyelle Medeiros de Araújo
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Institute of Chemistry, Lagoa Nova, 59078-970 Natal, RN, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Djalma Ribeiro da Silva
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Institute of Chemistry, Lagoa Nova, 59078-970 Natal, RN, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Paola Villegas-Guzman
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Institute of Chemistry, Lagoa Nova, 59078-970 Natal, RN, Brazil E-mail: ; Grupo de Investigación Navarra Ambiental, Fundación Universitaria Navarra, Calle 10 No. 6-41, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
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Liu T, Miao D, Liu G, Wei Q, Zhou K, Yu Z, Ma L. A novel gradient current density output mode for effective electrochemical oxidative degradation of dye wastewater by boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:2085-2097. [PMID: 33263586 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to solve the problems of high energy consumption and low current efficiency in electrochemical oxidation (EO) degradation under the traditional constant output process (COP), a gradient output process (GOP) of current density is proposed in this paper. That is, the current density is gradually reduced in a fixed degradation time, and the Reactive Blue 19 simulated dye wastewater was used as the degradation target. The general applicability of the process was further confirmed by studying the optimal gradient current density output parameters, the dye concentration, electrolyte concentration and other dye compounds with different molecular structures. The corresponding results show that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (78%) and the color removal (100%) under the GOP are similar to those in the COP, and the overall energy consumption is reduced by about 50% compared with that in the traditional constant current mode. Moreover, the current efficiency in the middle and late stages of EO process has increased by 8.6 times compared with COP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China E-mail: ; The authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors
| | - Dongtian Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China E-mail: ; The authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors
| | - Guoshuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qiuping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China E-mail:
| | - Kechao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China E-mail:
| | - Zhiming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China E-mail:
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China E-mail:
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Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Methiocarb Electrochemical Oxidation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The ecotoxicity of methiocarb aqueous solutions treated by electrochemical oxidation was evaluated utilizing the model organism Daphnia magna. The electrodegradation experiments were performed using a boron-doped diamond anode and the influence of the applied current density and the supporting electrolyte (NaCl or Na2SO4) on methiocarb degradation and toxicity reduction were assessed. Electrooxidation treatment presented a remarkable efficiency in methiocarb complete degradation and a high potential for reducing the undesirable ecological effects of this priority substance. The reaction rate followed first-order kinetics in both electrolytes, being more favorable in a chloride medium. In fact, the presence of chloride increased the methiocarb removal rate and toxicity reduction and favored nitrogen removal. A 200× reduction in the acute toxicity towards D. magna, from 370.9 to 1.6 toxic units, was observed for the solutions prepared with NaCl after 5 h treatment at 100 A m−2. An increase in the applied current density led to an increase in toxicity towards D. magna of the treated solutions. At optimized experimental conditions, electrooxidation offers a suitable solution for the treatment and elimination of undesirable ecological effects of methiocarb contaminated industrial or agricultural wastewaters, ensuring that this highly hazardous pesticide is not transferred to the aquatic environment.
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50
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Santos JEL, da Silva DR, Martínez-Huitle CA, Dos Santos EV, Quiroz MA. Cathodic hydrogen production by simultaneous oxidation of methyl red and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate aqueous solutions using Pb/PbO 2, Ti/Sb-doped SnO 2 and Si/BDD anodes. Part 1: electrochemical oxidation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:37695-37706. [PMID: 35515196 PMCID: PMC9057167 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03955a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the electrochemical oxidation of the Methyl Red (MR) dye and the herbicide sodium 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-DNa) was investigated on Si/BDD, Pb/PbO2 and Ti/Sb-doped SnO2 anodes in aqueous acidic medium by applying 30 mA cm-2 at 298 K. The electrochemical experiments were carried out in a two-compartment electrochemical cell separated through a Nafion® membrane (417 type) in order to use two types of supporting electrolyte to measure the elimination of the organic compound, the hydrogen production and the amount of oxygen produced during the oxidation of the pollutants. Although the main goal of this study is to understand the relationship between both processes, the evaluation of the current efficiencies (η) is a key parameter to determine the anodic oxidative capacity to degrade the proposed pollutants. The results clearly showed that MR and 2,4-DNa can be oxidized on Si/BDD, Pb/PbO2 and Ti/Sb-doped SnO2 anodes; however, significant variations in the oxidation level and η are achieved. Thus, although the MR solutions were completely discolored in all cases, only on the Si/BDD anode was MR oxidized to carboxylic acids in less than 15 min of electrolysis time. On Pb/PbO2 and Ti/Sb-doped SnO2 electrodes, the discoloration was slower and the oxidation was quasi-completed, leaving in solution some organic by-products, such as 2-aminobenzoic acid and/or N,N'-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, in the fixed electrolysis time. The behavior observed during the elimination of 2,4-DNa is due to its difficulty in degrading the chlorine groups in its aromatic ring which makes 2,4-DNa a more stable molecule. In the first oxidation stage, 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DP) is produced in all cases, but on Si/BDD, this intermediate is quickly consumed. From the polarization curves and Tafel analysis, a reaction scheme for the formation and consumption of 2,4-DP was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Eudes L Santos
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Instituto de Química Campus Universitário 3000 CEP 59078970 Natal RN Brazil
| | - Djalma R da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Instituto de Química Campus Universitário 3000 CEP 59078970 Natal RN Brazil
| | - Carlos A Martínez-Huitle
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Instituto de Química Campus Universitário 3000 CEP 59078970 Natal RN Brazil
| | - Elisama Vieira Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Instituto de Química Campus Universitário 3000 CEP 59078970 Natal RN Brazil
| | - Marco A Quiroz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Instituto de Química Campus Universitário 3000 CEP 59078970 Natal RN Brazil
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