1
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Tran PM, Wang Y, Lahm ME, Wei P, Schaefer HF, Robinson GH. Unusual nucleophilic reactivity of a dithiolene-based N-heterocyclic silane. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6178-6183. [PMID: 38506299 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03843b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
While the dithiolene-based N-heterocyclic silane (4) reacts with two equivalents of BX3 (X = Br, I) to give zwitterionic Lewis adducts 5 and 8, respectively, the parallel reaction of 4 with BCl3 results in 10, a dithiolene-substituted N-heterocyclic silane, via the Si-S bond cleavage. Unlike 5, the labile 8 may be readily converted to 9via BI3-mediated cleavage of the Si-N bond. The formation of 5 and 8 confirms that 4 uniquely possesses dual nucleophilic sites: (a) the terminal sulphur atom of the dithiolene moiety; and (b) the backbone carbon of the N-heterocyclic silane unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong M Tran
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA.
| | - Yuzhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA.
| | - Mitchell E Lahm
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA.
| | - Pingrong Wei
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA.
| | - Henry F Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA.
| | - Gregory H Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA.
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2
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Wang Y, Tran PM, Lahm ME, Wei P, Adams ER, Schaefer HF, Robinson GH. From Carbene-Dithiolene Zwitterion Mediated B-H Bond Activation to BH 3·SMe 2-Assisted Boron-Boron Bond Formation. Organometallics 2023; 42:3328-3333. [PMID: 38098647 PMCID: PMC10716900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The 1:1 reaction of the carbene-stabilized dithiolene zwitterion 1 with BH3·SMe2 gave the dithiolene-based hydroborane 2 and the doubly hydrogen-capped CAAC species 3 via hydride-coupled reverse electron transfer processes. The mechanism of this transformation was probed computationally using density functional theory. The subsequent 2:1 reaction of 2 with 1 resulted in 4 and 3, suggesting that 1 can mediate the B-H bond activation not only for BH3 but also for monohydroboranes. In the presence of BH3·SMe2, 2 was unexpectedly converted to the corresponding diborane(4) complex 5 through a dehydrocoupling reaction at an elevated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Computational Chemistry, The
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Phuong M. Tran
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Computational Chemistry, The
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Mitchell E. Lahm
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Computational Chemistry, The
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Pingrong Wei
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Computational Chemistry, The
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Earle R. Adams
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Computational Chemistry, The
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Computational Chemistry, The
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Gregory H. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Computational Chemistry, The
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
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3
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Shibutani Y, Kusumoto S, Nozaki K. Synthesis, Characterization, and Trapping of a Cyclic Diborylcarbene, an Electrophilic Carbene. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37354094 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
A carbene bearing two geminal boryl substituents, called diborylcarbene (DBC), has been predicted to be highly Lewis acidic in sharp contrast to the well-studied persistent carbenes stabilized by π-donating substituents. Studies on DBC have been limited to either the base-trapping or theoretical calculations. Herein, we developed chemical equivalents for DBC, namely, K/X-diborylcarbenoids 2X (X = F or Cl). Treatment of 2F with Al(C6F5)3 yielded [AlF(C6F5)3]--stabilized DBC 1-FAl, which showed a significant low-field shift of the carbenoid carbon from 169 ppm (doublet, coupling with 19F) to 242 ppm (singlet). The loss of halogen was also detected through electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of 2X only in the presence of Al(C6F5)3. Generated DBC 1 from 1-FAl or 2Cl was successfully trapped with excess amounts of trialkylphosphines (PR3, R = Me or Et), which afforded the corresponding DBC-PR3 adducts. In addition, the Lewis acidity of DBC 1 was evaluated both experimentally and theoretically to reveal that 1 is one of the most Lewis acidic species among neutral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shibutani
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kusumoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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4
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Zhao XX, Fujimori S, Kelly JA, Inoue S. Isolation and Reactivity of Stannylenoids Stabilized by Amido/Imino Ligands. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202712. [PMID: 36195558 PMCID: PMC10098732 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the lithium aryl(silyl)amide Dipp(i Pr3 Si)NLi (Dipp=2,6-i Pr2 C6 H3 ) with one equivalent of SnCl2 in THF gave a novel stannylenoid Dipp(i Pr3 Si)NSnCl⋅LiCl(THF)2 . Heating the solution of amidostannylenoid in toluene to 80 °C resulted in dimeric amido(chloro)stannylene [Dipp(i Pr3 Si)NSnCl]2 , which can be converted to bis(amido)stannylene Sn[N(Dipp)(i Pr3 Si)]2 and amido(imino)stannylene Sn[N(Dipp)(i Pr3 Si)][IPrN] (IPrN=bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-imino). Treatment of bis(imino)stannylenoid [IPrN]2 Sn(Cl)Li with N2 O resulted in the dimeric complex [IPrNSn(Cl)OLi]2 . All compounds were characterized by NMR, elementary analysis, and X-ray structural determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Xuan Zhao
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Shiori Fujimori
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - John A Kelly
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
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5
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Gentner TX, Mulvey RE. Alkali-Metal Mediation: Diversity of Applications in Main-Group Organometallic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9247-9262. [PMID: 33017511 PMCID: PMC8247348 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Organolithium compounds have been at the forefront of synthetic chemistry for over a century, as they mediate the synthesis of myriads of compounds that are utilised worldwide in academic and industrial settings. For that reason, lithium has always been the most important alkali metal in organometallic chemistry. Today, that importance is being seriously challenged by sodium and potassium, as the alkali-metal mediation of organic reactions in general has started branching off in several new directions. Recent examples covering main-group homogeneous catalysis, stoichiometric organic synthesis, low-valent main-group metal chemistry, polymerization, and green chemistry are showcased in this Review. Since alkali-metal compounds are often not the end products of these applications, their roles are rarely given top billing. Thus, this Review has been written to alert the community to this rising unifying phenomenon of "alkali-metal mediation".
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas X. Gentner
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
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6
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Ielo L, Miele M, Pillari V, Senatore R, Mirabile S, Gitto R, Holzer W, Alcántara AR, Pace V. Taking advantage of lithium monohalocarbenoid intrinsic α-elimination in 2-MeTHF: controlled epoxide ring-opening en route to halohydrins. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2038-2043. [PMID: 33599644 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02407d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic degradative α-elimination of Li carbenoids somehow complicates their use in synthesis as C1-synthons. Nevertheless, we herein report how boosting such an α-elimination is a straightforward strategy for accomplishing controlled ring-opening of epoxides to furnish the corresponding β-halohydrins. Crucial for the development of the method is the use of the eco-friendly solvent 2-MeTHF, which forces the degradation of the incipient monohalolithium, due to the very limited stabilizing effect of this solvent on the chemical integrity of the carbenoid. With this approach, high yields of the targeted compounds are consistently obtained under very high regiocontrol and, despite the basic nature of the reagents, no racemization of enantiopure materials is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ielo
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria. and University of Turin - Department of Chemistry, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Margherita Miele
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Veronica Pillari
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Raffaele Senatore
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Salvatore Mirabile
- University of Messina - Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale Palatucci, 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gitto
- University of Messina - Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale Palatucci, 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andrés R Alcántara
- Complutense University of Madrid - Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria. and University of Turin - Department of Chemistry, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
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7
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Dilchert K, Schmidt M, Großjohann A, Feichtner K, Mulvey RE, Gessner VH. Lösungsmitteleinflüsse auf die Struktur und Stabilität von Alkalimetallcarbenoiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dilchert
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Michelle Schmidt
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Angela Großjohann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Kai‐Stephan Feichtner
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
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8
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Dilchert K, Schmidt M, Großjohann A, Feichtner K, Mulvey RE, Gessner VH. Solvation Effects on the Structure and Stability of Alkali Metal Carbenoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:493-498. [PMID: 33006796 PMCID: PMC7821203 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
s-Block metal carbenoids are carbene synthons and applied in a myriad of organic transformations. They exhibit a strong structure-activity relationship, but this is only poorly understood due to the challenging high reactivity and sensitivity of these reagents. Here, we report on systematic VT and DOSY NMR studies, XRD analyses as well as DFT calculations on a sulfoximinoyl-substituted model system to explain the pronounced solvent dependency of the carbenoid stability. While the sodium and potassium chloride carbenoids showed high stabilities independent of the solvent, the lithium carbenoid was stable at room temperature in THF but decomposed at -10 °C in toluene. These divergent stabilities could be explained by the different structures formed in solution. In contrast to simple organolithium reagents, the monomeric THF-solvate was found to be more stable than the dimer in toluene, since the latter more readily forms direct Li/Cl interactions which facilitate decomposition via α-elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dilchert
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Michelle Schmidt
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Angela Großjohann
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Kai‐Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
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9
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Gentner TX, Mulvey RE. Alkalimetall‐Mediatoren: Vielfältige Anwendungen in der metallorganischen Chemie der Hauptgruppenelemente. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas X. Gentner
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL Großbritannien
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL Großbritannien
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10
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Dilchert K, Scherpf T, Gessner VH. Carbenoid‐Mediated Formation and Activation of Element‐Element and Element–Hydrogen Bonds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dilchert
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr‐University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Thorsten Scherpf
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr‐University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr‐University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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11
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Tanaka R, Shiono T. Crystal structure of di-μ-tri-hydro-(penta-fluoro-phenyl)-borato-tetra-kis-(tetra-hydro-furan)-disodium. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2020; 76:145-147. [PMID: 32071737 PMCID: PMC7001818 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989019017201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, [Na(μ-C6F5BH3)(C4H8O)2]2, represents a dimeric structure of sodium and organoborohydride, located about a centre of inversion. The Na⋯B distances of 2.7845 (19) and 2.7494 (18) Å were apparently longer than the Li⋯B distances (2.403-2.537 Å) of the lithium organotri-hydro-borates in the previous reports. Moreover, an inter-action between the sodium atom and one fluorine atom on the 2-position of the benzene ring is observed [Na-F = 2.6373 (12) Å]. In the crystal, the dimeric mol-ecules are stacked along the b-axis via a π-π inter-action between the benzene rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shiono
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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12
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Fustier-Boutignon M, Nebra N, Mézailles N. Geminal Dianions Stabilized by Main Group Elements. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8555-8700. [PMID: 31194516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is dedicated to the chemistry of stable and isolable species that bear two lone pairs at the same C center, i.e., geminal dianions, stabilized by main group elements. Three cases can thus be considered: the geminal-dilithio derivative, for which the two substituents at C are neutral, the yldiide derivatives, for which one substituent is neutral while the other is charged, and finally the geminal bisylides, for which the two substituents are positively charged. In this review, the syntheses and electronic structures of the geminal dianions are presented, followed by the studies dedicated to their reactivity toward organic substrates and finally to their coordination chemistry and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fustier-Boutignon
- UPS, CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069 , Université de Toulouse , 118 Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse , France
| | - Noel Nebra
- UPS, CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069 , Université de Toulouse , 118 Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse , France
| | - Nicolas Mézailles
- UPS, CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069 , Université de Toulouse , 118 Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse , France
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13
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Zhan C, Han Z, Patrick BO, Gates DP. 2-Aminophenolate ligands for phosphorus(v): a lithium salt featuring the chiral [P(OC 6H 4NR) 3] - anion. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:12118-12129. [PMID: 30065977 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02522c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoranes P(OC6H4NR)2(OC6H4NHR) [R = Me (2a), Ph (2b), C6F5 (2c)] were synthesized by treating PCl5 with the respective 2-aminophenol derivative (1a-c, 3.1 equiv.). In one instance, an intermediate species, P(OC6H4NR)2Cl [R = Me (3a)], was isolated and structurally characterized. Deprotonation of the amine moieties (-NH[combining low line]R) in phosphoranes 2a and 2b with a strong alkali-metal base (e.g. n-BuLi) in the presence of a strong-donor solvent (e.g. THF) afforded salts composed of the hexacoordinate P(v)-anions [P(OC6H4NR)3]- (R = Me, [4a]-; Ph, [4b]-). Employing precursor 2a, the salt Li(THF)3fac-[4a]- was isolated. The X-ray crystal of each enantiomer of [4a]- was determined and, to our knowledge, represents the first structurally characterized example of a salt containing a hexacoordinate P(v)N3O3 anion featuring P(v)-N bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuantian Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, CanadaV6T 1Z1.
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14
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Wang C, Mao W, Xiang L, Yang Y, Fang J, Maron L, Leng X, Chen Y. Monomeric Rare-Earth Metal Silyl-Thiophosphinoyl-Alkylidene Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity. Chemistry 2018; 24:13903-13917. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Weiqing Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization; Gansu Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 P.R. China
| | - Jian Fang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization; Gansu Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 P.R. China
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS, & INSA; Université Paul Sabatier; 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
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15
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Castoldi L, Monticelli S, Senatore R, Ielo L, Pace V. Homologation chemistry with nucleophilic α-substituted organometallic reagents: chemocontrol, new concepts and (solved) challenges. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6692-6704. [PMID: 29850663 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02499e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The transfer of a reactive nucleophilic CH2X unit into a preformed bond enables the introduction of a fragment featuring the exact and desired degree of functionalization through a single synthetic operation. The instability of metallated α-organometallic species often poses serious questions regarding the practicability of using this conceptually intuitive and simple approach for forming C-C or C-heteroatom bonds. A deep understanding of processes regulating the formation of these nucleophiles is a precious source of inspiration not only for successfully applying theoretically feasible transformations (i.e. determining how to employ a given reagent), but also for designing new reactions which ultimately lead to the introduction of molecular complexity via short experimental sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Castoldi
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Serena Monticelli
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Raffaele Senatore
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Laura Ielo
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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16
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Pace V, Monticelli S, de la Vega-Hernández K, Castoldi L. Isocyanates and isothiocyanates as versatile platforms for accessing (thio)amide-type compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:7848-54. [PMID: 27461156 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00766j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The addition of carbon (Grignard and organolithium reagents) and hydride nucleophiles (Schwartz reagent) to isocyanates and isothiocyanates constitutes a versatile, direct and high yielding approach to the synthesis of functionalized (thio)amide derivatives including haloamides and formamides. The chemoselective delivery of a nucleophilic (eventually configurationally stable) organometallic species to a given iso(thio)cyanate is the crucial parameter for the success of the strategy. Thus, the influence of the factors governing classical methodologies (e.g. dehydrative condensation) such as steric hindrance and electronic properties of the reactants become practically negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Serena Monticelli
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Karen de la Vega-Hernández
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Laura Castoldi
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Pace V, Castoldi L, Mazzeo E, Rui M, Langer T, Holzer W. Efficient Access to All‐Carbon Quaternary and Tertiary α‐Functionalized Homoallyl‐type Aldehydes from Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Vienna Althanstrasse, 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Laura Castoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Vienna Althanstrasse, 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Eugenia Mazzeo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Vienna Althanstrasse, 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Marta Rui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Vienna Althanstrasse, 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Vienna Althanstrasse, 14 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Vienna Althanstrasse, 14 1090 Vienna Austria
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18
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Pace V, Castoldi L, Mazzeo E, Rui M, Langer T, Holzer W. Efficient Access to All-Carbon Quaternary and Tertiary α-Functionalized Homoallyl-type Aldehydes from Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12677-12682. [PMID: 28722252 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
β,γ-Unsaturated aldehydes with all-carbon quaternary or tertiary α-centers were rapidly assembled from ketones through a unique synthetic operation consisting of 1) C1 homologation, 2) Lewis acid mediated epoxide-aldehyde isomerization, and 3) electrophilic trapping. The synthetic equivalence of a vinyl oxirane and a β,γ-unsaturated aldehyde is the key concept of this previously undisclosed tactic. Mechanistic studies and labeling experiments suggest that an aldehyde enolate is a crucial intermediate. The homologating carbenoid formation plays a critical role in determining the chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Castoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eugenia Mazzeo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marta Rui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse, 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Molitor S, Gessner VH. Alkali Metal Chlorine and Bromine Carbenoids: Their Thermal Stability and Structural Properties. Chemistry 2017; 23:12372-12379. [PMID: 28597985 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and structures of a series of M/X carbenoids of the type [Ph2 P(S)]2 CMX with M=Li, Na, and K and X=Cl and Br are reported, amongst the first isolated Na/Br and K/Br carbenoids. NMR spectroscopic as well as crystallographic studies showed distinct differences between the lithium carbenoids and their heavier congeners. In the solid state, all carbenoids showed no direct metal-carbon interaction, but an interaction between the metal and the halogen atom. This contact is only very weak in the case of the Li/Br carbenoid, but much more pronounced in the corresponding potassium and sodium compounds. Nevertheless, these interactions did not significantly influence the stability of the carbenoids by weakening the C-X bond and facilitating the MX elimination. As such all compounds were found to be stable up to approximately 60 °C in solution. Hence, M-X interactions-albeit being an essential feature for the structure formation of carbenoids-are not the only criterion determining the stability of such compounds. In the present systems, the stabilization by the thiophosphinoyl moieties is more important than the metal/halogen combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Molitor
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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20
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Molitor S, Gessner VH. Synthesis, structure and thermal stability of a crown ether complexed K/Cl carbenoid. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Molitor S, Feichtner KS, Gessner VH. Taming Metal/Fluorine Carbenoids. Chemistry 2017; 23:2527-2531. [PMID: 27906492 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although Li/Cl carbenoids are versatile reagents in organic synthesis, the controlled handling of the extremely reactive and labile M/F carbenoids remains a challenge. We now show that even these compounds can be stabilized and isolated in solid state, as well as in solution. Particularly the sodium and potassium compounds exhibit a remarkable stability, thus allowing the first isolation of a room-temperature-stable fluorine carbenoid. Spectroscopic, as well as DFT studies confirmed the pronounced carbenoid character, showing M-F-C interactions with elongated C-F bonds. The different stabilities of the carbenoids was found to originate from the different strength of the M-F interaction. Hence, the lithium compounds are considerably more reactive than their heavier congeners. Reactivity studies showed that the nature of the metal also influences the reactivity, resulting in different selectivity in the addition to thioketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Molitor
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kai-Stephan Feichtner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Present address: Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Present address: Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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22
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Gessner VH. Stability and reactivity control of carbenoids: recent advances and perspectives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12011-12023. [PMID: 27498609 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05524a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal carbenoids such as lithium or Simmons-Smith-type reagents are widely used in organic synthesis, particularly in cyclopropanation and homologation reactions. These reagents are often highly reactive and thermally labile, thus limiting their isolation and hampering the development of new synthetic applications. Recent years however, have shown that by means of systematic stabilization a control of reactivity and the development of new applications is possible. This feature article documents recent developments in the control of carbenoid reactivity and stability and highlights structural and electronic properties as well as applications in main group element and transition metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria H Gessner
- Inorganic Chemistry II - Organometallic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany.
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23
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Pace V, Holzer W, De Kimpe N. Lithium Halomethylcarbenoids: Preparation and Use in the Homologation of Carbon Electrophiles. CHEM REC 2016; 16:2061-76. [PMID: 27381551 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
α-Halomethyllithium carbenoids are useful homologating reagents which - reacting under proper reaction conditions as carbanions - enable the installation via nucleophilic addition of a reactive halomethyl fragment onto a preformed carbon-heteroatom bond. The pronounced thermolability represented - since seminal studies by Köbrich - the Achilles' heel of these reagents: the use of Barbier-type methodologies (i.e., the electrophile should be present in the reaction mixture prior to the formation of the carbenoid) was pivotal in order to suppress decomposition through α-elimination processes. Nowadays, the use of low temperatures (-78 °C) guarantees reliable procedures and, significantly, the employment of microreactor technologies allows external trapping to be performed even at higher temperatures as reported by Luisi. We will discuss the α-halomethyllithium-mediated homologations of a series of carbon electrophiles such as carbonyl compounds, imines, esters, Weinreb amides, and isocyanates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert De Kimpe
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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24
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Leung W, Chan Y, Choi T, Lee H. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Mono‐ and Bimetallic Rhodium(I), Iridium(I) and Gold(I) Methanide and Methandiide Complexes from 2‐Quinolyl‐Linked (Thiophosphoranyl)methane. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wing‐Por Leung
- School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Yuk‐Chi Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637731 Singapore
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Tsz‐Hei Choi
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Hung‐Kay Lee
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong P. R. China
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25
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Molitor S, Gessner VH. Alkali Metal Carbenoids: A Case of Higher Stability of the Heavier Congeners. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7712-6. [PMID: 27100278 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
As a result of the increased polarity of the metal-carbon bond when going down the group of the periodic table, the heavier alkali metal organyl compounds are generally more reactive and less stable than their lithium congeners. We now report a reverse trend for alkali metal carbenoids. Simple substitution of lithium by the heavier metals (Na, K) results in a significant stabilization of these usually highly reactive compounds. This allows their isolation and handling at room temperature and the first structure elucidation of sodium and potassium carbenoids. The control of stability was used to control reactivity and selectivity. Hence, the Na and K carbenoids act as selective carbene-transfer reagents, whereas the more labile lithium systems give rise to product mixtures. Additional fine tuning of the M-C interaction by means of crown ether addition further allows for control of the stability and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Molitor
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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26
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Molitor S, Gessner VH. Alkali Metal Carbenoids: A Case of Higher Stability of the Heavier Congeners. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Molitor
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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27
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Wang C, Zhou J, Zhao X, Maron L, Leng X, Chen Y. Non-Pincer-Type Mononuclear Scandium Alkylidene Complexes: Synthesis, Bonding, and Reactivity. Chemistry 2015; 22:1258-61. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Xuefei Zhao
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA; Université Paul Sabatier; 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA; Université Paul Sabatier; 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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28
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Jaiswal K, Prashanth B, Bawari D, Singh S. Bis(phosphinimino)amide Supported Borondihydride and Heteroleptic Dihalo Compounds of Group 13. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Jaiswal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India, http://www.iisermohali.ac.in/html/faculty/sanjaysingh.html
| | - Billa Prashanth
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India, http://www.iisermohali.ac.in/html/faculty/sanjaysingh.html
| | - Deependra Bawari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India, http://www.iisermohali.ac.in/html/faculty/sanjaysingh.html
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India, http://www.iisermohali.ac.in/html/faculty/sanjaysingh.html
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29
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Guo JY, Chan YC, Li Y, Ganguly R, So CW. Oxo-Bridged Bis(group 4 metal unsymmetric phosphonium-stabilized carbene) Complexes. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om5012962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Guo
- Division
of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Yuk-Chi Chan
- Division
of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division
of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division
of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Cheuk-Wai So
- Division
of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
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30
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Ho SYF, So CW, Saffon-Merceron N, Mézailles N. Formation of a zwitterionic boronium species from the reaction of a stable carbenoid with borane: CO2 reduction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 51:2107-10. [PMID: 25536124 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09239b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of Li2C(PPh2NMes)2 (1, Mes = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2) with hexachloroethane yielded the corresponding carbenoid 2 in good yields. The reactivity of 2 was studied with BH3·SMe2 to give a zwitterionic boronium species 4, also a stable carbenoid. Both carbenoid species were found to be excellent catalysts for the CO2 reduction by BH3·SMe2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Y-F Ho
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
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31
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Langer J, Geitner R, Görls H. Tris(borane) Adducts of Diphosphanylmethanides: The [H
3
BCH(PPh
2
BH
3
)
2
]
–
Anion and Its Alkali Metal Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Langer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany, http://www.lsac1.uni‐jena.de/Mitarbeiter/Dr_+J_+Langer.html
| | - Robert Geitner
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany, http://www.lsac1.uni‐jena.de/Mitarbeiter/Dr_+J_+Langer.html
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany, http://www.lsac1.uni‐jena.de/Mitarbeiter/Dr_+J_+Langer.html
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32
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Molitor S, Becker J, Gessner VH. Selective dehydrocoupling of phosphines by lithium chloride carbenoids. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15517-20. [PMID: 25322474 DOI: 10.1021/ja509381w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of a simple, transition-metal-free approach for the formation of phosphorus-phosphorus bonds through dehydrocoupling of phosphines is presented. The reaction is mediated by electronically stabilized lithium chloride carbenoids and affords a variety of different diphosphines under mild reaction conditions. The developed protocol is simple and highly efficient and allows the isolation of novel functionalized diphosphines in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Molitor
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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33
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Waerder B, Steinhauer S, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mix A, Vishnevskiy YV, Hoge B, Mitzel NW. Solid-State Structure of a Li/F Carbenoid: Pentafluoroethyllithium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11640-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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34
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Waerder B, Steinhauer S, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mix A, Vishnevskiy YV, Hoge B, Mitzel NW. Festkörperstruktur eines Li/F-Carbenoids: Pentafluorethyllithium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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35
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Molitor S, Feichtner KS, Kupper C, Gessner VH. Substitution effects on the formation of T-shaped palladium carbene and thioketone complexes from Li/Cl carbenoids. Chemistry 2014; 20:10752-62. [PMID: 24664573 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of palladium thioketone and T-shaped carbene complexes by treatment of thiophosphoryl substituted Li/Cl carbenoids with a Pd(0) precursor is reported. Depending on the steric demand, the anion-stabilizing ability of the silyl moiety (by negative hyperconjugation effects) and the remaining negative charge at the carbenic carbon atom, isolation of a three-coordinate, T-shaped palladium carbene complex is possible. In contrast, insufficient charge stabilization results in the transfer of the sulfur of the thiophosphoryl moiety and thus in the formation of a thioketone complex. While the thioketones are stable compounds the carbene complexes are revealed to be highly reactive and decompose under elimination of Pd metal. Computational studies revealed that both complexes are formed by a substitution mechanism. While the ketone turned out to be the thermodynamically favored product, the carbene is kinetically favored and thus preferentially formed at low reaction temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Molitor
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany)
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36
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Stable Geminal Dianions as Precursors for Gem-Diorganometallic and Carbene Complexes. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2014_74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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37
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Becker J, Gessner VH. On the structure and ambiphilicity of a sulfonyl substituted α-chloro lithium base. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:4320-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52800f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Feichtner KS, Gessner VH. Synthesis and stability of Li/Cl carbenoids based on bis(iminophosphoryl)methanes. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:14399-408. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01466a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bis(iminophosphoryl) substituted Li/Cl carbenoids – accessable via different preparation methods – show high thermal stabilities, which however depend on the N-substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Stephan Feichtner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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39
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Kupper C, Molitor S, Gessner VH. Structure, Bonding, and Reactivity of Room-Temperature-Stable Lithium Chloride Carbenoids. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4010862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kupper
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Molitor
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
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