1
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Hu Z, Yang S. Endohedral metallofullerene molecular nanomagnets. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2863-2897. [PMID: 38324027 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00991b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic lanthanide (Ln) metal complexes exhibiting magnetic bistability can behave as molecular nanomagnets, also known as single-molecule magnets (SMMs), suitable for storing magnetic information at the molecular level, thus attracting extensive interest in the quest for high-density information storage and quantum information technologies. Upon encapsulating Ln ion(s) into fullerene cages, endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) have been proven as a promising and versatile platform to realize chemically robust SMMs, in which the magnetic properties are able to be readily tailored by altering the configurations of the encapsulated species and the host cages. In this review, we present critical discussions on the molecular structures and magnetic characterizations of EMF-SMMs, with the focus on their peculiar molecular and electronic structures and on the intriguing molecular magnetism arising from such structural uniqueness. In this context, different families of magnetic EMFs are summarized, including mononuclear EMF-SMMs wherein single-ion anisotropy is decisive, dinuclear clusterfullerenes whose magnetism is governed by intramolecular magnetic interaction, and radical-bridged dimetallic EMFs with high-spin ground states that arise from the strong ferromagnetic coupling. We then discuss how molecular assemblies of SMMs can be constructed, in a way that the original SMM behavior is either retained or altered in a controlled manner, thanks to the chemical robustness of EMFs. Finally, on the basis of understanding the structure-magnetic property correlation, we propose design strategies for high-performance EMF-SMMs by engineering ligand fields, electronic structures, magnetic interactions, and molecular vibrations that can couple to the spin states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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2
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Yang W, Rosenkranz M, Velkos G, Ziegs F, Dubrovin V, Schiemenz S, Spree L, de Souza Barbosa MF, Guillemard C, Valvidares M, Büchner B, Liu F, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Covalency versus magnetic axiality in Nd molecular magnets: Nd-photoluminescence, strong ligand-field, and unprecedented nephelauxetic effect in fullerenes NdM 2N@C 80 (M = Sc, Lu, Y). Chem Sci 2024; 15:2141-2157. [PMID: 38332818 PMCID: PMC10848757 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05146c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Nd-based nitride clusterfullerenes NdM2N@C80 with rare-earth metals of different sizes (M = Sc, Y, Lu) were synthesized to elucidate the influence of the cluster composition, shape and internal strain on the structural and magnetic properties. Single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed a very short Nd-N bond length in NdSc2N@C80. For Lu and Y analogs, the further shortening of the Nd-N bond and pyramidalization of the NdM2N cluster are predicted by DFT calculations as a result of the increased cluster size and a strain caused by the limited size of the fullerene cage. The short distance between Nd and nitride ions leads to a very large ligand-field splitting of Nd3+ of 1100-1200 cm-1, while the variation of the NdM2N cluster composition and concomitant internal strain results in the noticeable modulation of the splitting, which could be directly assessed from the well-resolved fine structure in the Nd-based photoluminescence spectra of NdM2N@C80 clusterfullerenes. Photoluminescence measurements also revealed an unprecedentedly strong nephelauxetic effect, pointing to a high degree of covalency. The latter appears detrimental to the magnetic axiality despite the strong ligand field. As a result, the ground magnetic state has considerable transversal components of the pseudospin g-tensor, and the slow magnetic relaxation of NdSc2N@C80 could be observed by AC magnetometry only in the presence of a magnetic field. A combination of the well-resolved magneto-optical states and slow relaxation of magnetization suggests that Nd clusterfullerenes can be useful building blocks for magneto-photonic quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Frank Ziegs
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Sandra Schiemenz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Stanislav M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) 01069 Dresden Germany
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3
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Wang J, Sun CY, Zheng Q, Wang DQ, Chen YT, Ju JF, Sun TM, Cui Y, Ding Y, Tang YF. Lanthanide Single-molecule Magnets: Synthetic Strategy, Structures, Properties and Recent Advances. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201297. [PMID: 36802202 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) show wide potential applications in the field of ultrahigh-density storage materials, quantum computing, spintronics, and so on. Lanthanide (Ln) SMMs, as an important category of SMMs, open up a promising prospect due to their large magnetic moments and huge magnetic anisotropy. However, the construction of high performance for Ln SMMs remains an enormous challenge. Although remarkable advances are focused on the topic of Ln SMMs, the research on Ln SMMs with different nuclear numbers is still deficient. Therefore, this review summarizes the design strategies for the construction of Ln SMMs, as well as the metal skeleton types. Furthermore, we collect reported Ln SMMs with mononuclearity, dinuclearity, and multinuclearity (three or more Ln spin centers) and the SMM properties including energy barrier (Ueff ) and pre-exponential factor (τ0 ) are described. Finally, Ln SMMs with low-nuclearity SMMs, especially for single-ion magnets (SIMs), are highlighted to understand the correlations between structures and magnetic behavior of the detail SMM properties are described. We expect the review can shed light on the future developments of high-performance Ln SMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.,Nantong Key Lab of Intelligent and New Energy Materials, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Yuan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Qi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ting Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Feng Ju
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Tong-Ming Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Ying Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Yan Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Feng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.,Nantong Key Lab of Intelligent and New Energy Materials, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
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4
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Rodríguez-Barea B, Mayans J, Rabelo R, Sanchis-Perucho A, Moliner N, Martínez-Lillo J, Julve M, Lloret F, Ruiz-García R, Cano J. Holmium(III) Single-Ion Magnet for Cryomagnetic Refrigeration Based on an MRI Contrast Agent Derivative. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12719-12723. [PMID: 34424680 PMCID: PMC8424628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The coexistence of field-induced blockage of the magnetization and significant magnetocaloric effects in the low-temperature region occurs in a mononuclear holmium(III) diethylenetriamine-N,N,N',N″,N″-pentaacetate complex, whose gadolinium(III) analogue is a commercial MRI contrast agent. Both properties make it a suitable candidate for cryogenic magnetic refrigeration, thus enlarging the variety of applications of this simple class of multifunctional molecular nanomagnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Rodríguez-Barea
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular/Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Paterna, València 46980, Spain
| | - Júlia Mayans
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular/Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Paterna, València 46980, Spain
| | - Renato Rabelo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular/Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Paterna, València 46980, Spain
| | - Adrián Sanchis-Perucho
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular/Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Paterna, València 46980, Spain
| | - Nicolás Moliner
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular/Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Paterna, València 46980, Spain
| | - José Martínez-Lillo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular/Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Paterna, València 46980, Spain
| | - Miguel Julve
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular/Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Paterna, València 46980, Spain
| | - Francesc Lloret
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular/Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Paterna, València 46980, Spain
| | - Rafael Ruiz-García
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular/Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Paterna, València 46980, Spain
| | - Joan Cano
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular/Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Paterna, València 46980, Spain
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5
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Jia K, Meng X, Wang M, Gou X, Wang YX, Xu N, Shi W, Cheng P. Enhancing the energy barrier and hysteresis temperature in two benchtop-stable Ho(iii) single-ion magnets. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3607-3610. [PMID: 33721006 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00582k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The energy barrier and hysteresis temperature in two benchtop-stable D5h-symmetry HoIII single-ion magnets were significantly enhanced via the variation of the halogen anion. The coexistence of a high energy barrier of 418 K and hysteresis temperature of 15 K was observed in the bromide-ion containing HoIII single-ion magnet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Jia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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6
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Parmar VS, Mills DP, Winpenny REP. Mononuclear Dysprosium Alkoxide and Aryloxide Single-Molecule Magnets. Chemistry 2021; 27:7625-7645. [PMID: 33555090 PMCID: PMC8252031 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that mononuclear lanthanide (Ln) complexes can be high‐performing single‐molecule magnets (SMMs). Recently, there has been an influx of mononuclear Ln alkoxide and aryloxide SMMs, which have provided the necessary geometrical control to improve SMM properties and to allow the intricate relaxation dynamics of Ln SMMs to be studied in detail. Here non‐aqueous Ln alkoxide and aryloxide chemistry applied to the synthesis of low‐coordinate mononuclear Ln SMMs are reviewed. The focus is on mononuclear DyIII alkoxide and aryloxide SMMs with coordination numbers up to eight, covering synthesis, solid‐state structures and magnetic attributes. Brief overviews are also provided of mononuclear TbIII, HoIII, ErIII and YbIII alkoxide and aryloxide SMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay S Parmar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - David P Mills
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Richard E P Winpenny
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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7
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Cai W, Bocarsly JD, Gomez A, Letona Lee RJ, Metta-Magaña A, Seshadri R, Echegoyen L. High blocking temperatures for DyScS endohedral fullerene single-molecule magnets. Chem Sci 2020; 11:13129-13136. [PMID: 34094494 PMCID: PMC8163201 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05265e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dy-based single-molecule magnets (SMMs) are of great interest due to their ability to exhibit very large thermal barriers to relaxation and therefore high blocking temperatures. One interesting line of investigation is Dy-encapsulating endohedral clusterfullerenes, in which a carbon cage protects magnetic Dy3+ ions against decoherence by environmental noise and allows for the stabilization of bonding and magnetic interactions that would be difficult to achieve in other molecular architectures. Recent studies of such materials have focused on clusters with two Dy atoms, since ferromagnetic exchange between Dy atoms is known to reduce the rate of magnetic relaxation via quantum tunneling. Here, two new dysprosium-containing mixed-metallic sulfide clusterfullerenes, DyScS@C s(6)-C82 and DyScS@C 3v(8)-C82, have been successfully synthesized, isolated and characterized by mass spectrometry, Vis-NIR, cyclic voltammetry, single crystal X-ray diffractometry, and magnetic measurements. Crystallographic analyses show that the conformation of the encapsulated cluster inside the fullerene cages is notably different than in the Dy2X@C s(6)-C82 and Dy2X@C 3v(8)-C82 (X = S, O) analogues. Remarkably, both isomers of DyScS@C82 show open magnetic hysteresis and slow magnetic relaxation, even at zero field. Their magnetic blocking temperatures are around 7.3 K, which are among the highest values reported for clusterfullerene SMMs. The SMM properties of DyScS@C82 far outperform those of the dilanthanide analogues Dy2S@C82, in contrast to the trend observed for carbide and nitride Dy clusterfullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso 500 W University Avenue El Paso Texas 79968 USA
| | - Joshua D Bocarsly
- Materials Research Lab, Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Ashley Gomez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso 500 W University Avenue El Paso Texas 79968 USA
| | - Rony J Letona Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso 500 W University Avenue El Paso Texas 79968 USA
| | - Alejandro Metta-Magaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso 500 W University Avenue El Paso Texas 79968 USA
| | - Ram Seshadri
- Materials Research Lab, Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso 500 W University Avenue El Paso Texas 79968 USA
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8
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Wang J, Zakrzewski JJ, Zychowicz M, Vieru V, Chibotaru LF, Nakabayashi K, Chorazy S, Ohkoshi SI. Holmium(iii) molecular nanomagnets for optical thermometry exploring the luminescence re-absorption effect. Chem Sci 2020; 12:730-741. [PMID: 34163806 PMCID: PMC8179016 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04871b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordination complexes of lanthanide(3+) ions can combine Single-Molecule Magnetism (SMM) with thermally modulated luminescence applicable in optical thermometry. We report an innovative approach towards high performance SMM-based optical thermometers which explores tunable anisotropy and the luminescence re-absorption effect of HoIII complexes. Our concept is shown in dinuclear cyanido-bridged molecules, {[HoIII(4-pyridone)4(H2O)2][MIII(CN)6]}·nH2O (M = Co, 1; Rh, 2; Ir, 3) and their magnetically diluted analogues, {[HoIII x YIII 1-x (4-pyridone)4(H2O)2][MIII(CN)6]}·nH2O (M = Co, x = 0.11, 1@Y; Rh, x = 0.12, 2@Y; Ir, x = 0.10, 3@Y). They are built of pentagonal bipyramidal HoIII complexes revealing the zero-dc-field SMM effect. Experimental studies and the ab initio calculations indicate an Orbach magnetic relaxation with energy barriers varying from 89.8 to 86.7 and 78.7 cm-1 K for 1, 2, and 3, respectively. 1-3 also differ in the strength of quantum tunnelling of magnetization which is suppressed by hyperfine interactions, and, further, by the magnetic dilution. The YIII-based dilution governs the optical properties as 1-3 exhibit poor emission due to the dominant re-absorption from HoIII while 1@Y-3@Y show room-temperature blue emission of 4-pyridone. Within ligand emission bands, the sharp re-absorption lines of the HoIII electronic transitions were observed. Their strong thermal variation was used in achieving highly sensitive ratiometric optical thermometers whose good performance ranges, lying between 25 and 205 K, are adjustable by using hexacyanidometallates. This work shows that HoIII complexes are great prerequisites for advanced opto-magnetic systems linking slow magnetic relaxation with unique optical thermometry exploiting a luminescence re-absorption phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Jakub J Zakrzewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Kraków Poland
| | - Mikolaj Zychowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Kraków Poland .,Theory of Nanomaterials Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Veacheslav Vieru
- Theory of Nanomaterials Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium.,Maastricht Science Programme, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University Paul-Henri Spaaklaan 1 6229 EN Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Liviu F Chibotaru
- Theory of Nanomaterials Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Koji Nakabayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Szymon Chorazy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Kraków Poland
| | - Shin-Ichi Ohkoshi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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9
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Velkos G, Yang W, Yao YR, Sudarkova SM, Liu X, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Chen N, Popov AA. Shape-adaptive single-molecule magnetism and hysteresis up to 14 K in oxide clusterfullerenes Dy 2O@C 72 and Dy 2O@C 74 with fused pentagon pairs and flexible Dy-(μ 2-O)-Dy angle. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4766-4772. [PMID: 33437409 PMCID: PMC7116574 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00624f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysprosium oxide clusterfullerenes Dy2O@Cs(10528)-C72 and Dy2O@C2(13333)-C74 are synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Carbon cages of both molecules feature two adjacent pentagon pairs. These pentalene units determine positions of endohedral Dy ions hence the shape of the Dy2O cluster, which is bent in Dy2O@C72 but linear in Dy2O@C74. Both compounds show slow relaxation of magnetization and magnetic hysteresis. Nearly complete cancelation of ferromagnetic dipolar and antiferromagnetic exchange Dy…Dy interactions leads to unusual magnetic properties. Dy2O@C74 exhibits zero-field quantum tunneling of magnetization and magnetic hysteresis up to 14 K, the highest temperature among Dy-clusterfullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20
,
01069 Dresden
, Germany
.
;
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Chemistry
, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
, Soochow University
,
Suzhou
, Jiangsu 215123
, P.R. China
.
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- Department of Chemistry
, University of Texas at El Paso
, 500 W University Avenue
,
El Paso
, Texas 79968
, USA
| | - Svetlana M. Sudarkova
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20
,
01069 Dresden
, Germany
.
;
- Chemistry Department
, Moscow State University
,
119991 Moscow
, Russia
| | - XinYe Liu
- College of Chemistry
, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
, Soochow University
,
Suzhou
, Jiangsu 215123
, P.R. China
.
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20
,
01069 Dresden
, Germany
.
;
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20
,
01069 Dresden
, Germany
.
;
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Chemistry
, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
, Soochow University
,
Suzhou
, Jiangsu 215123
, P.R. China
.
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Helmholtzstraße 20
,
01069 Dresden
, Germany
.
;
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10
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Chen SM, Zhang YQ, Xiong J, Wang BW, Gao S. Adducts of Tris(alkyl) Holmium(III) Showing Magnetic Relaxation. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5835-5844. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ming Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Quan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for NSLSCS, School of Physical Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing-Wu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Latendresse TP, Vieru V, Upadhyay A, Bhuvanesh NS, Chibotaru LF, Nippe M. Trends in trigonal prismatic Ln-[1]ferrocenophane complexes and discovery of a Ho 3+ single-molecule magnet. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3936-3951. [PMID: 34122864 PMCID: PMC8152809 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01197e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lanthanide metallocenophanes are an intriguing class of organometallic complexes that feature rare six-coordinate trigonal prismatic coordination environments of 4f elements with close intramolecular proximity to transition metal ions. Herein, we present a systematic study of the structural and magnetic properties of the ferrocenophanes, [LnFc3(THF)2Li2]−, of the late trivalent lanthanide ions (Ln = Gd (1), Ho (2), Er (3), Tm (4), Yb (5), Lu (6)). One major structural trend within this class of complexes is the increasing diferrocenyl (Fc2−) average twist angle with decreasing ionic radius (rion) of the central Ln ion, resulting in the largest average Fc2− twist angles for the Lu3+ compound 6. Such high sensitivity of the twist angle to changes in rion is unique to the here presented ferrocenophane complexes and likely due to the large trigonal plane separation enforced by the ligand (>3.2 Å). This geometry also allows the non-Kramers ion Ho3+ to exhibit slow magnetic relaxation in the absence of applied dc fields, rendering compound 2 a rare example of a Ho-based single-molecule magnet (SMM) with barriers to magnetization reversal (U) of 110–131 cm−1. In contrast, compounds featuring Ln ions with prolate electron density (3–5) don't show slow magnetization dynamics under the same conditions. The observed trends in magnetic properties of 2–5 are supported by state-of-the-art ab initio calculations. Finally, the magneto-structural relationship of the trigonal prismatic Ho-[1]ferrocenophane motif was further investigated by axial ligand (THF in 2) exchange to yield [HoFc3(THF*)2Li2]− (2-THF*) and [HoFc3(py)2Li2]− (2-py) motifs. We find that larger average Fc2− twist angles (in 2-THF* and 2-py as compared to in 2) result in faster magnetic relaxation times at a given temperature. Lanthanide ferrocenophanes are an intriguing class of organometallic complexes that feature rare six-coordinate trigonal prismatic coordination environments of 4f elements with close intramolecular proximity to iron ions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor P Latendresse
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Veacheslav Vieru
- Theory of Nanomaterials Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium .,Maastricht Science Programme, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands
| | - Apoorva Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station Texas 77843 USA .,Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University 5101 Cass Ave Detroit MI 48202 USA
| | - Nattamai S Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Liviu F Chibotaru
- Theory of Nanomaterials Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Michael Nippe
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station Texas 77843 USA
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12
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Spree L, Schlesier C, Kostanyan A, Westerström R, Greber T, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Single-Molecule Magnets DyM 2 N@C 80 and Dy 2 MN@C 80 (M=Sc, Lu): The Impact of Diamagnetic Metals on Dy 3+ Magnetic Anisotropy, Dy⋅⋅⋅Dy Coupling, and Mixing of Molecular and Lattice Vibrations. Chemistry 2020; 26:2436-2449. [PMID: 31774196 PMCID: PMC7065109 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The substitution of scandium in fullerene single-molecule magnets (SMMs) DySc2 N@C80 and Dy2 ScN@C80 by lutetium has been studied to explore the influence of the diamagnetic metal on the SMM performance of dysprosium nitride clusterfullerenes. The use of lutetium led to an improved SMM performance of DyLu2 N@C80 , which shows a higher blocking temperature of magnetization (TB =9.5 K), longer relaxation times, and broader hysteresis than DySc2 N@C80 (TB =6.9 K). At the same time, Dy2 LuN@C80 was found to have a similar blocking temperature of magnetization to Dy2 ScN@C80 (TB =8 K), but substantially different interactions between the magnetic moments of the dysprosium ions in the Dy2 MN clusters. Surprisingly, although the intramolecular dipolar interactions in Dy2 LuN@C80 and Dy2 ScN@C80 are of similar strength, the exchange interactions in Dy2 LuN@C80 are close to zero. Analysis of the low-frequency molecular and lattice vibrations showed strong mixing of the lattice modes and endohedral cluster librations in k-space. This mixing simplifies the spin-lattice relaxation by conserving the momentum during the spin flip and helping to distribute the moment and energy further into the lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)01069DresdenGermany
| | - Christin Schlesier
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)01069DresdenGermany
| | - Aram Kostanyan
- Physik-Institut der Universität ZürichWinterthurerstr. 1908057ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Rasmus Westerström
- Physik-Institut der Universität ZürichWinterthurerstr. 1908057ZürichSwitzerland
- The Division of Synchrotron Radiation ResearchLund University22100LundSweden
| | - Thomas Greber
- Physik-Institut der Universität ZürichWinterthurerstr. 1908057ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)01069DresdenGermany
| | | | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden)01069DresdenGermany
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13
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Ma Y, Zhai YQ, Ding YS, Han T, Zheng YZ. Understanding a pentagonal-bipyramidal holmium(iii) complex with a record energy barrier for magnetisation reversal. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3979-3982. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00500b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An axially highly compressed pentagonal-bipyramidal holmium(iii) complex shows a record energy barrier for magnetization reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST)
- School of Science, Shenzhen Research School
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis of Condensed Matter
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy and Materials Chemistry
| | - Yuan-Qi Zhai
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST)
- School of Science, Shenzhen Research School
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis of Condensed Matter
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy and Materials Chemistry
| | - You-Song Ding
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST)
- School of Science, Shenzhen Research School
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis of Condensed Matter
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy and Materials Chemistry
| | - Tian Han
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST)
- School of Science, Shenzhen Research School
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis of Condensed Matter
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy and Materials Chemistry
| | - Yan-Zhen Zheng
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST)
- School of Science, Shenzhen Research School
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis of Condensed Matter
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy and Materials Chemistry
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14
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Singh MK, Shukla P, Khatua M, Rajaraman G. A Design Criteria to Achieve Giant Ising-Type Anisotropy in Co II -Encapsulated Metallofullerenes. Chemistry 2019; 26:464-477. [PMID: 31506987 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of permanent magnetisation in molecules just like in hard magnets decades ago led to the proposal of utilising these molecules for information storage devices and also as Q-bits in quantum computing. A significant breakthrough with a blocking temperature as high as 80 K has been recently reported for lanthanocene complexes. While enhancing the blocking temperature further remains one of the primary challenges, obtaining molecules that are suitable for the fabrication of the devices sets the bar very high in this area. Encouraged by the fact that our earlier predictions of potential single-molecule magnets (SMMs) in lanthanide-containing endohedral fullerenes have been verified, here we set out to undertake a comprehensive study on CoII -ion-encapsulated fullerene as potential SMMs. To study this class of molecules, we have utilised an array of theoretical methods ranging from density functional to ab initio CASSCF/NEVPT2 methods for obtaining reliable estimate of zero-field splitting parameters D and E. Additionally, we have also employed, for the first time a combination of molecular dynamics based on DFT methods coupled with CASSCF/NEVPT2 methods to seek the role of conformational isomers in the relaxation of magnetisation. Particularly, we have studied, Co@C28 , Co@C38 and Co@C48 cages and their isomers as potential target molecules that could yield substantial magnetic anisotropy. Our calculations categorically reveal a very large Ising anisotropy in this class of molecules, with Co@C48 cages predicted to yield D values as high as -127 cm-1 . Our calculations on the smaller cages reveal the free movement of CoII ion inside the cage, leading to the likely scenario of faster relaxation of magnetisation. However, larger fullerene cages were found to solve this issue. Further models with incorporating units such as {CoOZn}, {CoScZnN} inside larger fullerenes yield axial zero-field splitting values as high as -200 cm-1 with negligible E/D values. As these units represent a strong axiality coupled with a viable way to obtain air-stable low-coordinate CoII complexes, this opens up a new paradigm in the search of SMMs in this class of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Pratima Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Munmun Khatua
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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15
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Jin M, Zhuang J, Wang Y, Yang W, Liu X, Chen N. Th@Td(19151)-C76: A Highly Symmetric Fullerene Cage Stabilized by a Tetravalent Actinide Metal Ion. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:16722-16726. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meihe Jin
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Zhuang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yaofeng Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xinye Liu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ning Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
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16
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Wang T, Wang C. Functional Metallofullerene Materials and Their Applications in Nanomedicine, Magnetics, and Electronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901522. [PMID: 31131986 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerenes exhibit combined properties from carbon cages as well as internal metal moieties and have great potential in a wide range of applications as molecule materials. Along with the breakthrough of mass production of metallofullerenes, their applied research has been greatly developed with more and more new functions and practical applications. For gadolinium metallofullerenes, their water-soluble derivatives have been demonstrated with antitumor activity and unprecedented tumor vascular-targeting therapy. Metallofullerene water-soluble derivatives also can be applied to treat reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced diseases due to their high antioxidative activity. For magnetic metallofullerenes, the internal electron spin and metal species bring about spin sensitivity, molecular magnets, and spin quantum qubits, which have many promising applications. Metallofullerenes are significant candidates for fabricating useful electronic devices because of their various electronic structures. This Review provides a summary of the metallofullerene studies reported recently, in the fields of tumor inhibition, tumor vascular-targeting therapies, antioxidative activity, spin probes, single-molecule magnets, spin qubits, and electronic devices. This is not an exhaustive summary and there are many other important study results regarding metallofullerenes. All of this research has revealed the irreplaceable role of metallofullerene materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
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17
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Structures and properties of metal oxide cluster fullerene Sc2O2@C80. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Velkos G, Krylov DS, Kirkpatrick K, Spree L, Dubrovin V, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Bezmelnitsyn V, Davis S, Faust P, Duchamp J, Dorn HC, Popov AA. Hohe Block‐Temperatur der Magnetisierung und herausragende Koerzitivfeldstärke im Azafulleren Tb
2
@C
79
N mit einer Einelektronen‐Terbium‐Terbium‐Bindung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Denis S. Krylov
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
- Center for Quantum NanoscienceInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyle Kirkpatrick
- Department of ChemistryVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Valeriy Bezmelnitsyn
- Luna nanoWorks, a Division ofLuna Innovation Inc. 521 Bridge St Danville Virginia USA
| | - Sean Davis
- Luna nanoWorks, a Division ofLuna Innovation Inc. 521 Bridge St Danville Virginia USA
| | - Paul Faust
- Department of ChemistryVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - James Duchamp
- Department of ChemistryVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - Harry C. Dorn
- Department of ChemistryVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Deutschland
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19
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Liu A, Nie M, Hao Y, Yang Y, Wang T, Slanina Z, Cong H, Feng L, Wang C, Uhlik F. Ho2O@C74: Ho2O Cluster Expands within a Small Non-IPR Fullerene Cage of C2(13333)-C74. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:4774-4781. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Along Liu
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS & Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Laboratory for New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingzhe Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yajuan Hao
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS & Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS & Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zdenek Slanina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721−0041, United States
| | - Hailin Cong
- Laboratory for New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lai Feng
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS & Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Filip Uhlik
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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20
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Velkos G, Krylov DS, Kirkpatrick K, Spree L, Dubrovin V, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Bezmelnitsyn V, Davis S, Faust P, Duchamp J, Dorn HC, Popov AA. High Blocking Temperature of Magnetization and Giant Coercivity in the Azafullerene Tb 2 @C 79 N with a Single-Electron Terbium-Terbium Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5891-5896. [PMID: 30786125 PMCID: PMC6519270 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The azafullerene Tb2 @C79 N is found to be a single-molecule magnet with a high 100-s blocking temperature of magnetization of 24 K and large coercivity. Tb magnetic moments with an easy-axis single-ion magnetic anisotropy are strongly coupled by the unpaired spin of the single-electron Tb-Tb bond. Relaxation of magnetization in Tb2 @C79 N below 15 K proceeds via quantum tunneling of magnetization with the characteristic time τQTM =16 462±1230 s. At higher temperature, relaxation follows the Orbach mechanism with a barrier of 757±4 K, corresponding to the excited states, in which one of the Tb spins is flipped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis S Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyle Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stanislav M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Valeriy Bezmelnitsyn
- Luna nanoWorks, a Division of, Luna Innovation Inc., 521 Bridge St, Danville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sean Davis
- Luna nanoWorks, a Division of, Luna Innovation Inc., 521 Bridge St, Danville, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul Faust
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - James Duchamp
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Harry C Dorn
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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21
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Velloth A, Imamura Y, Hada M. Functionalization of Endohedral Metallofullerenes toward Improving Barrier Height for the Relaxation of Magnetization for Dy 2@C 80-X (X = CF 3, C 3N 3Ph 2). Inorg Chem 2019; 58:1208-1215. [PMID: 30614692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We theoretically studied the electronic and magnetic properties of the exterior functionalized endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) of Gd2@ I h-C80-X (where X is the exterior functional group). Molecular orbital analysis suggests that the presence of unpaired electron on the I h-C80 cage is not favoring the observation of stable species. One of the effective strategies to address this problem is by attaching an exterior functional group to the fullerene cage. Out of the studied exterior functionalized EMFs, we were successful in finding two stable species such as Gd2@ I h-C80-CF3 and Gd2@ I h-C80-C3N3Ph2 with no unpaired spin on the cage. Further, we utilized exterior functional groups such as -CF3 (1) and -C3N3Ph2 (2) to model and to stabilize dinuclear Dy2@ I h-C80 species, and we thoroughly investigated their magnetic properties using ab initio calculations. Within the single-ion paradigm, DyIII ions in 1 and 2 are magnetically anisotropic, and their magnetization-reversal energy barriers are estimated to be ∼698 and ∼705 cm-1, respectively. Furthermore, beyond the single-ion paradigm, i.e., considering a ferromagnetic coupling (∼30 cm-1) between the lanthanide ions and the radical spin, the energy barriers of 1 and 2 are estimated to be 79.8 and 73.0 cm-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Velloth
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Tokyo Metropolitan University , 1-1 minami-osawa , Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397 , Japan
| | - Yutaka Imamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Tokyo Metropolitan University , 1-1 minami-osawa , Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397 , Japan
| | - Masahiko Hada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Tokyo Metropolitan University , 1-1 minami-osawa , Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397 , Japan
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22
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Schlesier C, Spree L, Kostanyan A, Westerström R, Brandenburg A, Wolter AUB, Yang S, Greber T, Popov AA. Strong carbon cage influence on the single molecule magnetism in Dy-Sc nitride clusterfullerenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9730-9733. [PMID: 30079423 PMCID: PMC6837867 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05029e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic properties of endohedral metallofullerenes with nitride clusters DySc2N and Dy2ScN and different carbon cages are studied by SQUID magnetometry. All molecules behave as single molecule magnets (SMMs) and exhibit magnetic hysteresis. It is found that the blocking temperature of magnetization and relaxation times strongly depend on the fullerene cage, with the C80-Ih isomer offering the best SMM properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Schlesier
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Aram Kostanyan
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rasmus Westerström
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ariane Brandenburg
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Anja U B Wolter
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Thomas Greber
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW), D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
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23
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Nakanishi R, Satoh J, Katoh K, Zhang H, Breedlove BK, Nishijima M, Nakanishi Y, Omachi H, Shinohara H, Yamashita M. DySc2N@C80 Single-Molecule Magnetic Metallofullerene Encapsulated in a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10955-10959. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakanishi
- WPI Research Center, Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Jyunya Satoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Keiichi Katoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Brian K. Breedlove
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nishijima
- The Electron Microscopy Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry & Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Haruka Omachi
- Department of Chemistry & Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hisanori Shinohara
- Department of Chemistry & Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamashita
- WPI Research Center, Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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24
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Krylov DS, Liu F, Brandenburg A, Spree L, Bon V, Kaskel S, Wolter AUB, Büchner B, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA. Magnetization relaxation in the single-ion magnet DySc 2N@C 80: quantum tunneling, magnetic dilution, and unconventional temperature dependence. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:11656-11672. [PMID: 29671443 PMCID: PMC5933001 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01608a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quantum tunneling and relaxation of magnetization in single molecule magnet DySc2N@C80 is thoroughly studied as a function of magnetic dilution, temperature, and magnetic field.
Relaxation of magnetization in endohedral metallofullerenes DySc2N@C80 is studied at different temperatures, in different magnetic fields, and in different molecular arrangements. Magnetization behavior and relaxation are analyzed for powder sample, and for DySc2N@C80 diluted in non-magnetic fullerene Lu3N@C80, adsorbed in voids of a metal–organic framework, and dispersed in a polymer. The magnetic field dependence and zero-field relaxation are also studied for single-crystals of DySc2N@C80 co-crystallized with Ni(ii) octaethylporphyrin, as well as for the single crystal diluted with Lu3N@C80. Landau–Zener theory is applied to analyze quantum tunneling of magnetization in the crystals. The field dependence of relaxation rates revealed a dramatic dependence of the zero-field tunneling resonance width on the dilution and is explained with the help of an analysis of dipolar field distributions. AC magnetometry is used then to get access to the relaxation of magnetization in a broader temperature range, from 2 to 87 K. Finally, a theoretical framework describing the spin dynamics with dissipation is proposed to study magnetization relaxation phenomena in single molecule magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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25
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Gu YX, Li QZ, Li DH, Zhao RS, Zhao X. Sc2O@C(126339)-C92: Di-scandium oxide cluster encapsulated into a large fullerene cage. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Yang S, Wei T, Jin F. When metal clusters meet carbon cages: endohedral clusterfullerenes. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:5005-5058. [PMID: 28681052 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00498a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fullerenes have the characteristic of a hollow interior, and this unique feature triggers intuitive inspiration to entrap atoms, ions or clusters inside the carbon cage in the form of endohedral fullerenes. In particular, upon entrapping an otherwise unstable metal cluster into a carbon cage, the so-called endohedral clusterfullerenes fulfil the mutual stabilization of the inner metal cluster and the outer fullerene cage with a specific isomeric structure which is often unstable as an empty fullerene. A variety of metal clusters have been reported to form endohedral clusterfullerenes, including metal nitrides, carbides, oxides, sulfides, cyanides and so on, making endohedral clusterfullerenes the most variable and intriguing branch of endohedral fullerenes. In this review article, we present an exhaustive review on all types of endohedral clusterfullerenes reported to date, including their discoveries, syntheses, separations, molecular structures and properties as well as their potential applications in versatile fields such as biomedicine, energy conversion, and so on. At the end, we present an outlook on the prospect of endohedral clusterfullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China.
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27
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Singh MK, Rajaraman G. Acquiring a record barrier height for magnetization reversal in lanthanide encapsulated fullerene molecules using DFT and ab initio calculations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:14047-14050. [PMID: 27854369 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08232g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio calculations performed on a series of lanthanide encapsulated fullerenes reveal {DyOSc}@C82 to be one of the best host-guest pairs to offer a barrier height exceeding 1400 cm-1. The high-symmetry environment preserved inside the cage quenches the QTM effects up to third-excited states leading to very larger barrier heights and this opens up a new possibility of obtaining attractive SMMs based on lanthanide based endohedral metallo-fullerenes (EMFs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India.
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India.
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28
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Gupta SK, Rajeshkumar T, Rajaraman G, Murugavel R. Is a strong axial crystal-field the only essential condition for a large magnetic anisotropy barrier? The case of non-Kramers Ho(iii) versus Tb(iii ). Dalton Trans 2018; 47:357-366. [PMID: 29215670 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04020b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A monometallic non-Kramers Ho(iii) complex with a strong uniaxial ligand field displays a record high energy barrier of 355 K with hysteresis opening up to 4 K at a sweep rate of 0.027 T s-1, while the isomorphous, more anisotropic non-Kramers Tb(iii) complex displays strong quantum tunnelling between the ground states. Ab initio calculations reveal that the presence of strong axial ligands and moderately weaker equatorial ligands is sufficient to quench the QTM between the ground pseudo doublets (mJ = ±8) in the case of Ho(iii) complex, where the relaxation is found to proceed via the first excited state. However, the equatorial field disrupts the stabilization of ground pseudo doublets in Tb(iii), inducing QTM and inhibiting SIM behaviour. Further insights into the decisive role played by the secondary coordination sphere and hydrogen-bonding in the SIM characteristics of these two non-Kramers ions were also gained. This combined experimental and computational approach highlights that although strong axiality holds the key for designing high temperature SIMs based on oblate non-Kramers ions, the strength of the equatorial ligand field also cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai-400076, India.
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29
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Kostanyan A, Westerström R, Zhang Y, Kunhardt D, Stania R, Büchner B, Popov AA, Greber T. Switching Molecular Conformation with the Torque on a Single Magnetic Moment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:237202. [PMID: 29286680 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.237202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For the endohedral fullerene molecule HoLu_{2}N@C_{80}, it is shown that the endohedral HoLu_{2}N unit may be oriented in a magnetic field. The Ho magnetic moment is fixed in the strong ligand field and aligns along the holmium-nitrogen axis. The torque of a magnetic field on the Ho magnetic moment leads to a hopping bias of the endohedral unit inclining to an orientation parallel to the externally applied field. This endohedral cluster distribution remains frozen below the onset of thermally induced rotation of the endohedral units. We derive an analytical statistical model for the description of the effect that scales below 7 T with the square of the external field strength, and that allows us to resolve the freezing temperature of the endohedral hopping motion. The freezing temperature is around 55 K and depends on the cooling rate, which in turn determines an activation energy for the hopping motion of 185 meV and a prefactor of 1.8×10^{14} s^{-1}. For TbSc_{2}N@C_{80} we find the same behavior with a 3.5% higher freezing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Kostanyan
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rasmus Westerström
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Institute of Physics, University of Lund, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yang Zhang
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - David Kunhardt
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Roland Stania
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Greber
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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30
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Fritz F, Westerström R, Kostanyan A, Schlesier C, Dreiser J, Watts B, Houben L, Luysberg M, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA, Schneider CM, Meyer C. Nanoscale x-ray investigation of magnetic metallofullerene peapods. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:435703. [PMID: 28885185 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa8b4c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Endohedral lanthanide ions packed inside carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a one-dimensional assembly have been studied with a combination of high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM), and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). By correlating HRTEM and STXM images we show that structures down to 30 nm are resolved with chemical contrast and record x-ray absorption spectra from endohedral lanthanide ions embedded in individual nanoscale CNT bundles. XMCD measurements of an Er3N@C80 bulk sample and a macroscopic assembly of filled CNTs indicate that the magnetic properties of the endohedral Er3+ ions are unchanged when encapsulated in CNTs. This study demonstrates the feasibility of local magnetic x-ray characterisation of low concentrations of lanthanide ions embedded in molecular nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Fritz
- Department of Physics, University Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany. Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany. JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technologies, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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31
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Chen CH, Krylov DS, Avdoshenko S, Liu F, Spree L, Yadav R, Alvertis A, Hozoi L, Nenkov K, Kostanyan A, Greber T, Wolter AUB, Popov AA. Selective arc-discharge synthesis of Dy 2S-clusterfullerenes and their isomer-dependent single molecule magnetism. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6451-6465. [PMID: 29263779 PMCID: PMC5734629 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02395b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A method for the selective synthesis of sulfide clusterfullerenes Dy2S@C2n is developed. Addition of methane to the reactive atmosphere reduces the formation of empty fullerenes in the arc-discharge synthesis, whereas the use of Dy2S3 as a source of metal and sulfur affords sulfide clusterfullerenes as the main fullerene products along with smaller amounts of carbide clusterfullerenes. Two isomers of Dy2S@C82 with Cs(6) and C3v(8) cage symmetry, Dy2S@C72-Cs(10528), and a carbide clusterfullerene Dy2C2@C82-Cs(6) were isolated. The molecular structure of both Dy2S@C82 isomers was elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. SQUID magnetometry demonstrates that all of these clusterfullerenes exhibit hysteresis of magnetization, with Dy2S@C82-C3v(8) being the strongest single molecule magnet in the series. DC- and AC-susceptibility measurements were used to determine magnetization relaxation times in the temperature range from 1.6 K to 70 K. Unprecedented magnetization relaxation dynamics with three consequent Orbach processes and energy barriers of 10.5, 48, and 1232 K are determined for Dy2S@C82-C3v(8). Dy2S@C82-Cs(6) exhibits faster relaxation of magnetization with two barriers of 15.2 and 523 K. Ab initio calculations were used to interpret experimental data and compare the Dy-sulfide clusterfullerenes to other Dy-clusterfullerenes. The smallest and largest barriers are ascribed to the exchange/dipolar barrier and relaxation via crystal-field states, respectively, whereas an intermediate energy barrier of 48 K in Dy2S@C82-C3v(8) is assigned to the local phonon mode, corresponding to the librational motion of the Dy2S cluster inside the carbon cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiang Chen
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Denis S. Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Stanislav M. Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Antonis Alvertis
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Liviu Hozoi
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Konstantin Nenkov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Aram Kostanyan
- Physik-Institut , Universität Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Thomas Greber
- Physik-Institut , Universität Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Anja U. B. Wolter
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
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32
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Krylov DS, Liu F, Avdoshenko SM, Spree L, Weise B, Waske A, Wolter AUB, Büchner B, Popov AA. Record-high thermal barrier of the relaxation of magnetization in the nitride clusterfullerene Dy 2ScN@C 80-I h. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:7901-7904. [PMID: 28656179 PMCID: PMC5730045 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03580b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Dy-Sc nitride clusterfullerene Dy2ScN@C80-Ih exhibits slow relaxation of magnetization up to 76 K. Above 60 K, thermally-activated relaxation proceeds via the fifth-excited Kramers doublet with the energy of 1735 ± 21 K, which is the highest barrier ever reported for dinuclear lanthanide single molecule magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - F Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - S M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - L Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - B Weise
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - A Waske
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - A U B Wolter
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - B Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - A A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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33
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Electronic Structures, and Optical and Magnetic Properties of Quadruple-Decker Phthalocyanines. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry3020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
For applications of magnetic devices with operating nuclear-spin-based quantum bits in quantum computing, electronic structures, and magnetic and optical properties of quadruple-decker phthalocyanines with 3d transition metals, such as scandium, yttrium, and lanthanum atoms (M3Pc4: M = Sc, Y, and La), were studied by quantum calculation using density function theory. Electron density distributions at the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital were considerably delocalized on the phthalocyanine ring with considerable bias of the electrostatic potential. The wide energy gaps and the ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectra of the systems were based on the phthalocyanine ring-ring interactions with overlapping π-orbitals on the phthalocyanine rings. The chemical shift behavior of 13C and 14N-NMR of Sc3(Pc)4, Y3(Pc)4, and La3(Pc)4 depended on the deformation of their structures owing to Jahn-Teller splitting of the d-orbital in the metal ligand field, the considerable perturbation of the metal ligand crystal field on the phthalocyanine ring, the electronic structure based on the electron density distribution, and the magnetic interaction of the nuclear quadrupole interaction. The magnetic parameters of the principle g-tensor, the V-tensor of the electronic field gradient, and the asymmetric parameters were influenced by the deformed structures of the complex with the considerable deviation of the charge density distribution. The quadruple-decker metal phthalocyanines using 3d transition metals have an advantage in controlling the electronic structure and magnetic parameters based on the nuclear spin interaction in spin lattice relaxation with respect to applications of single-molecular magnets.
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34
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Chen YC, Liu JL, Wernsdorfer W, Liu D, Chibotaru LF, Chen XM, Tong ML. Hyperfine-Interaction-Driven Suppression of Quantum Tunneling at Zero Field in a Holmium(III) Single-Ion Magnet. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Cong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China
| | - Jun-Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China
| | - Wolfgang Wernsdorfer
- Institut Néel, CNRS &; Université Joseph Fournier; Grenoble Cedex 9 France
- Institute of Nanotechnology; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Germany
- Physikalisches Institut; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Germany
| | - Dan Liu
- Theory of Nanomaterials Group and INPAC-Institute of Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Belgium
| | - Liviu F. Chibotaru
- Theory of Nanomaterials Group and INPAC-Institute of Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Belgium
| | - Xiao-Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China
| | - Ming-Liang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China
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35
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Chen YC, Liu JL, Wernsdorfer W, Liu D, Chibotaru LF, Chen XM, Tong ML. Hyperfine-Interaction-Driven Suppression of Quantum Tunneling at Zero Field in a Holmium(III) Single-Ion Magnet. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4996-5000. [PMID: 28295930 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An extremely rare non-Kramers holmium(III) single-ion magnet (SIM) is reported to be stabilized in the pentagonal-bipyramidal geometry by a phosphine oxide with a high energy barrier of 237(4) cm-1 . The suppression of the quantum tunneling of magnetization (QTM) at zero field and the hyperfine structures originating from field-induced QTMs can be observed even from the field-dependent alternating-current magnetic susceptibility in addition to single-crystal hysteresis loops. These dramatic dynamics were attributed to the combination of the favorable crystal-field environment and the hyperfine interactions arising from 165 Ho (I=7/2) with a natural abundance of 100 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Cong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Wolfgang Wernsdorfer
- Institut Néel, CNRS &, Université Joseph Fournier, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany.,Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
| | - Dan Liu
- Theory of Nanomaterials Group and INPAC-Institute of Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liviu F Chibotaru
- Theory of Nanomaterials Group and INPAC-Institute of Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xiao-Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Liang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
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36
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Wang Y, Tang Q, Feng L, Chen N. Sc2C2@D3h(14246)-C74: A Missing Piece of the Clusterfullerene Puzzle. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:1974-1980. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaofeng Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced
Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qiangqiang Tang
- Laboratory of Advanced
Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Lai Feng
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced
Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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37
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Liu F, Wang S, Gao CL, Deng Q, Zhu X, Kostanyan A, Westerström R, Jin F, Xie SY, Popov AA, Greber T, Yang S. Mononuclear Clusterfullerene Single-Molecule Magnet Containing Strained Fused-Pentagons Stabilized by a Nearly Linear Metal Cyanide Cluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fupin Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Song Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Cong-Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials); College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Qingming Deng
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden; Helmholtzstrasse 20 Dresden 01069 Germany
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Aram Kostanyan
- Physik-Institut; Universität Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Rasmus Westerström
- Physik-Institut; Universität Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Fei Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials); College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden; Helmholtzstrasse 20 Dresden 01069 Germany
| | - Thomas Greber
- Physik-Institut; Universität Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
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38
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Liu F, Wang S, Gao CL, Deng Q, Zhu X, Kostanyan A, Westerström R, Jin F, Xie SY, Popov AA, Greber T, Yang S. Mononuclear Clusterfullerene Single-Molecule Magnet Containing Strained Fused-Pentagons Stabilized by a Nearly Linear Metal Cyanide Cluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1830-1834. [PMID: 28079303 PMCID: PMC5295638 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fused-pentagons results in an increase of local steric strain according to the isolated pentagon rule (IPR), and for all reported non-IPR clusterfullerenes multiple (two or three) metals are required to stabilize the strained fused-pentagons, making it difficult to access the single-atom properties. Herein, we report the syntheses and isolations of novel non-IPR mononuclear clusterfullerenes MNC@C76 (M=Tb, Y), in which one pair of strained fused-pentagon is stabilized by a mononuclear cluster. The molecular structures of MNC@C76 (M=Tb, Y) were determined unambiguously by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, featuring a non-IPR C2v (19138)-C76 cage entrapping a nearly linear MNC cluster, which is remarkably different from the triangular MNC cluster within the reported analogous clusterfullerenes based on IPR-obeying C82 cages. The TbNC@C76 molecule is found to be a field-induced single-molecule magnet (SMM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fupin Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Song Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Cong-Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qingming Deng
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Aram Kostanyan
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rasmus Westerström
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fei Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Thomas Greber
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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39
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Bartolomé E, Arauzo A, Luzón J, Bartolomé J, Bartolomé F. Magnetic Relaxation of Lanthanide-Based Molecular Magnets. HANDBOOK OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.hmm.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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40
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Liu F, Gao CL, Deng Q, Zhu X, Kostanyan A, Westerström R, Wang S, Tan YZ, Tao J, Xie SY, Popov AA, Greber T, Yang S. Triangular Monometallic Cyanide Cluster Entrapped in Carbon Cage with Geometry-Dependent Molecular Magnetism. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:14764-14771. [PMID: 27755875 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b09329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Clusterfullerenes are capable of entrapping a variety of metal clusters within carbon cage, for which the entrapped metal cluster generally keeps its geometric structure (e.g., bond distance and angle) upon changing the isomeric structure of fullerene cage, and whether the properties of the entrapped metal cluster is geometry-dependent remains unclear. Herein we report an unusual triangular monometallic cluster entrapped in fullerene cage by isolating several novel terbium cyanide clusterfullerenes (TbNC@C82) with different cage isomeric structures. Upon varying the isomeric structure of C82 cage from C2(5) to Cs(6) and to C2v(9), the entrapped triangular TbNC cluster exhibits significant distortions as evidenced by the changes of Tb-C(N) and C-N bond distances and variation of the Tb-C(N)-N(C) angle by up to 20°, revealing that the geometric structure of the entrapped triangular TbNC cluster is variable. All three TbNC@C82 molecules are found to be single-ion magnets, and the change of the geometric structure of TbNC cluster directly leads to the alternation of the magnetic relaxation time of the corresponding TbNC@C82 clusterfullerene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fupin Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Cong-Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qingming Deng
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , Helmholtzstrasse 20, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Aram Kostanyan
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rasmus Westerström
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Song Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , Helmholtzstrasse 20, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Thomas Greber
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China
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41
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Tang Q, Abella L, Hao Y, Li X, Wan Y, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Poblet JM, Feng L, Chen N. Sc2O@C(3v)(8)-C82: A Missing Isomer of Sc2O@C82. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:1926-33. [PMID: 26840749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
By introducing CO2 as the oxygen source during the arcing process, a new isomer of Sc2O@C82, Sc2O@C(3v)(8)-C82, previously investigated only by computational studies, was discovered and characterized by mass spectrometry, UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, (45)Sc NMR, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystallographic analysis unambiguously elucidated that the cage symmetry was assigned to C(3v)(8) and suggests that Sc2O cluster is disordered inside the cage. The comparative studies of crystallographic data further reveal that the Sc1-O-Sc2 angle is in the range of 131.0-148.9°, much larger than that of the Sc2S@C(3v)(8)-C82, demonstrating a significant flexibility of dimetallic clusters inside the cages. The electrochemical studies show that the electrochemical gap of Sc2O@C(3v)(8)-C82 is 1.71 eV, the largest among those of the oxide cluster fullerenes (OCFs) reported so far, well correlated with its rich abundance in the reaction mixture of OCF synthesis. Moreover, the comparative electrochemical studies suggest that both the dimetallic clusters and the cage structures have major influences on the electronic structures of the cluster fullerenes. Computational studies show that the cluster can rotate and change the Sc-O-Sc angle easily at rather low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Tang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Laura Abella
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yajuan Hao
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yingbo Wan
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Fortea
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep M Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lai Feng
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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42
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Li Y, Wang T, Meng H, Zhao C, Nie M, Jiang L, Wang C. Controlling the magnetic properties of dysprosium metallofullerene within metal–organic frameworks. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:19226-19229. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04180a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The hysteresis and quantum tunneling of magnetism for a metallofullerene DySc2N@C80 single-molecule magnet were modulated through trapping in MOF-177.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
| | - Haibing Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
| | - Chong Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
| | - Mingzhe Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
| | - Li Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100190 Beijing
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43
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Tang Q, Abella L, Hao Y, Li X, Wan Y, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Poblet JM, Feng L, Chen N. Sc2O@C(2v)(5)-C80: Dimetallic Oxide Cluster Inside a C80 Fullerene Cage. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:9845-52. [PMID: 26421874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new oxide cluster fullerene, Sc2O@C(2v)(5)-C80, has been isolated and characterized by mass spectrometry, UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, (45)Sc NMR, DFT calculations, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystallographic analysis unambiguously elucidated that the cage symmetry was assigned to C(2v)(5)-C80 and suggests that the Sc2O cluster is ordered inside the cage. The crystallographic data further reveals that the Sc1-O-Sc2 angle is much larger than that found in Sc2O@T(d)(19151)-C76 but almost comparable to that in Sc2O@Cs(6)-C82, suggesting that the endohedral Sc2O unit is flexible and can display large variation in the Sc-O-Sc angle, which depends on the size and shape of the cage. Computational studies show that there is a formal transfer of four electrons from the Sc2O unit to the C80 cage, i.e., (Sc2O)(4+)@(C80)(4-), and the HOMO and LUMO are mainly localized on the C80 framework. Moreover, thermal and entropic effects are seen to be relevant in the isomer selection. Comparative studies between the recently reported Sc2C2@C(2v)(5)-C80 and Sc2O@C(2v)(5)-C80 reveal that, despite their close structural resemblance, subtle differences exist on the crystal structures, and the clusters exert notable impact on their spectroscopic properties as well as interactions between the clusters and corresponding cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Tang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Laura Abella
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yajuan Hao
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yingbo Wan
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Fortea
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep M Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lai Feng
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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44
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Yang T, Hao Y, Abella L, Tang Q, Li X, Wan Y, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Poblet JM, Feng L, Chen N. Sc2O@Td 19151)-C76 : hindered cluster motion inside a tetrahedral carbon cage probed by crystallographic and computational studies. Chemistry 2015; 21:11110-7. [PMID: 26088830 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new cluster fullerene, Sc2 O@Td (19151)-C76 , has been isolated and characterized by mass spectrometry, UV/Vis/NIR absorption, (45) Sc NMR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystallographic analysis unambiguously assigned the cage structure as Td (19151)-C76 , which is the first tetrahedral fullerene cage characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This study also demonstrated that the Sc2 O cluster has a much smaller ScOSc angle than that of Sc2 O@Cs (6)-C82 and the Sc2 O unit is fully ordered inside the Td (19151)-C76 cage. Computational studies further revealed that the cluster motion of the Sc2 O is more restrained in the Td (19151)-C76 cage than that in the Cs (6)-C82 cage. These results suggest that cage size affects not only the shapes but also the cluster motion inside fullerene cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 212163 (China)
| | - Yajuan Hao
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006 (China)
| | - Laura Abella
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili c/Marcel⋅lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona (Spain)
| | - Qiangqiang Tang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 212163 (China)
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 212163 (China)
| | - Yingbo Wan
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 212163 (China)
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Fortea
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili c/Marcel⋅lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona (Spain).
| | - Josep M Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili c/Marcel⋅lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona (Spain).
| | - Lai Feng
- College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006 (China).
| | - Ning Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 212163 (China).
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45
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Stevenson S, Thompson HR, Arvola KD, Ghiassi KB, Olmstead MM, Balch AL. Isolation of CeLu2N@Ih-C80through a Non-Chromatographic, Two-Step Chemical Process and Crystallographic Characterization of the Pyramidalized CeLu2N within the Icosahedral Cage. Chemistry 2015; 21:10362-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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46
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Dreiser J. Molecular lanthanide single-ion magnets: from bulk to submonolayers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:183203. [PMID: 25893740 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/18/183203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Single-ion magnets (SIMs) are mononuclear molecular complexes exhibiting slow relaxation of magnetization. They are currently attracting a lot of interest because of potential applications in spintronics and quantum information processing. However, exploiting SIMs in, e.g. molecule-inorganic hybrid devices requires a fundamental understanding of the effects of molecule-substrate interactions on the SIM magnetic properties. In this review the properties of lanthanide SIMs in the bulk crystalline phase and deposited on surfaces in the (sub)monolayer regime are discussed. As a starting point trivalent lanthanide ions in a ligand field will be described, and the challenges in characterizing the ligand field are illustrated with a focus on several spectroscopic techniques which are able to give direct information on the ligand-field split energy levels. Moreover, the dominant mechanisms of magnetization relaxation in the bulk phase are discussed followed by an overview of SIMs relevant for surface deposition. Further, a short introduction will be given on x-ray absorption spectroscopy, x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and scanning tunneling microscopy. Finally, the recent experiments on surface-deposited SIMs will be reviewed, along with a discussion of future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dreiser
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ICMP, Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Paul Scherrer Institut, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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47
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Zhao J, Huang X, Jin P, Chen Z. Magnetic properties of atomic clusters and endohedral metallofullerenes. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Zhang Y, Krylov D, Rosenkranz M, Schiemenz S, Popov AA. Magnetic anisotropy of endohedral lanthanide ions: paramagnetic NMR study of MSc 2N@C 80- Ih with M running through the whole 4f row. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2328-2341. [PMID: 29308147 PMCID: PMC5645780 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00154d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Paramagnetic and variable temperature 13C and 45Sc nuclear magnetic resonance studies are performed for nitride clusterfullerenes MSc2N@C80 with icosahedral Ih(7) carbon cage, where M runs through all lanthanides forming nitride clusters. The influence of the endohedral lanthanide ions on the NMR spectral pattern is carefully followed, and dramatic differences are found in peak positions and line widths. Thus, 13C lines broaden from 0.01-0.02 ppm in diamagnetic MSc2N@C80 molecules (M = La, Y, Lu) to several ppm in TbSc2N@C80 and DySc2N@C80. Direction of the paramagnetic shift depends on the shape of the 4f electron density in corresponding lanthanide ions. In TmSc2N@C80 and ErSc2N@C80 with prolate 4f-density of lanthanide ions, 13C signals are shifted down-field, whereas 45Sc peaks are shifted up-field versus diamagnetic values. In all other MSc2N@C80 molecules lanthanide ions have oblate-shaped 4f electron density, and the lanthanide-induced shift is negative for 13C and positive for 45Sc peaks. Analysis of the pseudocontact and contact contributions to chemical shifts revealed that the pseudocontact term dominates both in 13C and 45Sc NMR spectra, although contact shifts for 13C signals are also considerable. Point charge computations of the ligand field splitting are performed to explain experimental results, and showed reasonable agreement with experimental pseudocontact shifts. Nitrogen atom bearing large negative charge and located close to the lanthanide ion results in large magnetic anisotropy of lanthanide ions in nitride clusterfullerenes with quasi-uniaxial ligand field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - D Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - M Rosenkranz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - S Schiemenz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - A A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
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49
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Zhang Z, Liu Y, Han P, Zhuang S, Wang T, Luo S, Xu B. Metallofullerenes Encaging Mixed-Metal Clusters: Synthesis and Structural Studies of GdxHo3−xN@C80and GdxLu3−xN@C80. Chemphyschem 2014; 16:295-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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