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Wang J, Wang J, Qiao S, Guo Z. Modular Construction of Vinylene-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks with Tunable Emission for Tumor Visualization. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401044. [PMID: 38679577 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with ordered π structures are very promising in porous light-emitting materials. However, most of these COFs are either poor in luminescence or lack of water-stability. Herein, a series of isostructural D-A vinylene-linked COFs were constructed based a new D2h symmetric linker 1,4-bis(4,6-dimethyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)benzene (TMTA) with high crystallinity, comparative high surface area and excellent chemical/thermal stability. Impressively, their adsorption and luminescence wavelength vary with respect to the density of π-systems in the electron-donating group, which constitute the foundation for molecular engineering the luminescent properties of vinylene-linked COFs. The DFT calculations further established the relationship between the luminescence properties and the donor electronic structure. Moreover, one of representative COF named FZU-203 showed inspiring applications in bioimaging, which may further provide strategic guidance for the use of vinylene-linked COFs as fluorescent nanoprobes in non-invasive medical diagnosis and visualization therapy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jiande Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Shujie Qiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
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2
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Debruyne M, Van Der Voort P, Van Speybroeck V, Stevens CV. The Application of Porous Organic Polymers as Metal Free Photocatalysts in Organic Synthesis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400311. [PMID: 38499471 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Concerns about increasing greenhouse gas emissions and their effect on our environment highlight the urgent need for new sustainable technologies. Visible light photocatalysis allows the clean and selective generation of reactive intermediates under mild conditions. The more widespread adoption of the current generation of photocatalysts, particularly those using precious metals, is hampered by drawbacks such as their cost, toxicity, difficult separation, and limited recyclability. This is driving the search for alternatives, such as porous organic polymers (POPs). This new class of materials is made entirely from organic building blocks, can possess high surface area and stability, and has a controllable composition and functionality. This review focuses on the application of POPs as photocatalysts in organic synthesis. For each reaction type, a representative material is discussed, with special attention to the mechanism of the reaction. Additionally, an overview is given, comparing POPs with other classes of photocatalysts, and critical conclusions and future perspectives are provided on this important field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Debruyne
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pascal Van Der Voort
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Technologiepark Gent, 46, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Christian V Stevens
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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3
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Ma X, Kang J, Cao W, Wu Y, Pang C, Li S, Yi Z, Xiong Y, Li C, Wang M, Xu Z, Li J. Anthracene-based dual channel donor-acceptor triazine-containing covalent organic frameworks for superior photoelectrochemical sensing. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 659:665-675. [PMID: 38211484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) exhibit excellent photoelectrically active structures and serve as channels for photon capture and charge carrier transport. However, their relatively high charge-carrier recombination rates and lack of specific recognition sites limit their application in photoelectrochemical sensing. This paper reports a functionalized donor-acceptor (D-A) COF comprising electron-rich polycyclic aromatic moieties and electron-deficient triazines (Tz) incorporating boronic acid through ligand exchange. The number of aromatic rings in the polycyclic aromatic moiety is crucial for establishing an efficient D-A system within COF. In the absence of an external electron donor, the anthracene-based COF exhibited a five-fold enhancement in photocurrent compared to the naphthalene-based COF. The resulting anthracene-based D-A COF exhibited enhanced orbital overlap and electron push-pull interactions, facilitating more effective charge separation. Furthermore, introducing boronic acid enabled the selective enrichment of low-concentration external electron donors, such as dopamine, in the inner Helmholtz plane. This ingenious approach establishes a unique dual-channel D-A system that allows direct measurement of dopamine in serum. Under optimized conditions, the test platform achieves good correspondence for dopamine at 1 to 100 nM and 0.5 to 100 μM with a detecting limit of 0.36 nM (3σ/S, n = 11). This strategy introduces a novel dimension to photoelectrochemical sensing, focusing on the effect of spatial separation between the external electron donor and the photoelectrode interface that intricately shapes the behavior and enhances the performance of the photoelectric system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xionghui Ma
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Jinsheng Kang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou 571101, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Wenwen Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Chaohai Pang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Shuhuai Li
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Zhongsheng Yi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yuhao Xiong
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China
| | - Chunli Li
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
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4
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Fu GE, Yang H, Zhao W, Samorì P, Zhang T. 2D Conjugated Polymer Thin Films for Organic Electronics: Opportunities and Challenges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311541. [PMID: 38551322 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
2D conjugated polymers (2DCPs) possess extended in-plane π-conjugated lattice and out-of-plane π-π stacking, which results in enhanced electronic performance and potentially unique band structures. These properties, along with predesignability, well-defined channels, easy postmodification, and order structure attract extensive attention from material science to organic electronics. In this review, the recent advance in the interfacial synthesis and conductivity tuning strategies of 2DCP thin films, as well as their application in organic electronics is summarized. Furthermore, it is shown that, by combining topology structure design and targeted conductivity adjustment, researchers have fabricated 2DCP thin films with predesigned active groups, highly ordered structures, and enhanced conductivity. These films exhibit great potential for various thin-film organic electronics, such as organic transistors, memristors, electrochromism, chemiresistors, and photodetectors. Finally, the future research directions and perspectives of 2DCPs are discussed in terms of the interfacial synthetic design and structure engineering for the fabrication of fully conjugated 2DCP thin films, as well as the functional manipulation of conductivity to advance their applications in future organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-En Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Wenkai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
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5
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Shen ZQ, Zhang G, Yang K, Zhang YJ, Gong H, Liao G, Liu SY. Direct C-H Arylation Derived Ternary D-A Conjugated Polymers: Effects of Monomer Geometries, D/A Ratios, and Alkyl Side Chains on Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production and Pollutant Degradation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300566. [PMID: 37931779 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymer (CP) featuring high charge mobility and widely tunable energy bands have shown promising prospects in photocatalysis. In this work, a library of ternary D-A CPs (22 polymers) based on benzothiadiazole, bithiophene, and fluorene derivatives (i.e., fluorene [Fl], 9,9-dihexylfluorene [HF], and 9,9'-spirobifluorene [SF]) with and without alkyl side chains, and with 3D geometry are designed and synthesized via atom-economical direct C-H arylation polymerization to explore the synergetic effects of stereochemistry, D/A ratio, and alkyl chains on the properties and photocatalytic performances, which reveal that 1) the cross-shaped 3D spirobifluorene (SF) building block shows the highest hydrogen evolution rates (HER) owing to the sufficient photocatalytic active sites exposed, 2) the alkyl-free linear polymer (FlBtBT0.05 ) exhibit the highest photocatalytic pollutant degradation performance owing to its superior charge separation, and 3) the alkyl side chains are redundances that will exert detrimental effects on the aqueous photocatalysis owing to their insulating and hydrophobic property. The structure-property-performance correlation results obtained will provide a desirable guideline for the rational design of CP-based photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Qi Shen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Hao Gong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Guangfu Liao
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shi-Yong Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
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Wang H, Shi L, Qu Z, Zhang L, Wang X, Wang Y, Liu S, Ma H, Guo Z. Increasing Donor-Acceptor Interactions and Particle Dispersibility of Covalent Triazine Frameworks for Higher Crystallinity and Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2296-2308. [PMID: 38189244 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) have recently emerged as an efficient class of photocatalysts due to their structural diversity and excellent stability. Nevertheless, the synthetic reactions of CTFs have usually suffered from poor reversibility, resulting in a low crystallinity of the materials. Here, we report the introduction of methoxy groups on the monomer 2,5-diphenylthiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole to reinforce interlayer π-π interactions of the resulting donor-acceptor type CTFs, which improved crystallinity, further increasing the visible light absorption range and allowing for efficient separation and transport of carriers. The morphology is strongly correlated to the wettability, which has a significant impact on the mass transfer capacity and photocatalytic activity in the photocatalytic reaction. To further improve crystallinity and photocatalytic activity, CTF-NWU-T3 photocatalysts in a bowl shape were prepared using a SiO2 template. The energy band structure, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, and pollutant degradation efficiency of involved materials were investigated. The donor-acceptor type CTF-NWU-T3 with a bowl-shaped morphology, synthesized using the template method and the introduction of methoxy groups, exhibited an excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 32064 μmol·h-1·g-1. This study highlights the significance of improving donor-acceptor interactions and increasing the dispersibility of catalyst particles in dispersion to enhance the photocatalytic activity of heterogeneous photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Lanting Shi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Zhi Qu
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Lingfeng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yefeng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Haixia Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqi Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
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7
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Tu J, Song W, Chen B, Li Y, Chen L. 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks with Kagome Lattice: Synthesis and Applications. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302380. [PMID: 37668073 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
2D covalent organic frameworks with Kagome (kgm) topology are a promising class of crystalline frameworks that possess both triangular and hexagonal pores. These dual-pore structures enable kgm COFs to exhibit unique advantages in selective separation, mass transfer, and targeted drug release. However, the synthesis of 2D kgm COFs has been hindered by the reliance on empirical methods. This review systematically summarizes the conventional macrocycle-to-framework strategy, typical [4+2] co-polymerization synthetic strategy, and bifunctional molecules self-condensation approach for constructing 2D kgm COFs. Factors influencing the formation of kgm lattice are surveyed, such as monomer type, solvent polarity, substrate concentration, etc., and highlight the representative examples on targeted synthesis. Additionally, applications of 2D kgm COFs and relationships between structure and performances are summarized. Finally, key fundamental perspectives are proposed to accelerate the further development of this intriguing material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tu
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, China
| | - Wen Song
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for, High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and, Collaborative Innovation Center of, Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, China
| | - Yusen Li
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for, High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and, Collaborative Innovation Center of, Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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8
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Wang Y, Wang M, Chen T, Yu W, Liu H, Cheng H, Bi W, Zhou M, Xie Y, Wu C. Pyrazine-linked Iron-coordinated Tetrapyrrole Conjugated Organic Polymer Catalyst with Spatially Proximate Donor-Acceptor Pairs for Oxygen Reduction in Fuel Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308070. [PMID: 37779100 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-coordinated iron (Fe-N4 ) materials represent the most promising non-noble electrocatalysts for the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of fuel cells. However, molecular-level structure design of Fe-N4 electrocatalyst remains a great challenge. In this study, we develop a novel Fe-N4 conjugated organic polymer (COP) electrocatalyst, which allows for precise design of the Fe-N4 structure, leading to unprecedented ORR performance. At the molecular level, we have successfully organized spatially proximate iron-pyrrole/pyrazine (FePr/Pz) pairs into fully conjugated polymer networks, which in turn endows FePr sites with firmly covalent-bonded matrix, strong d-π electron coupling and highly dense distribution. The resulting pyrazine-linked iron-coordinated tetrapyrrole (Pz-FeTPr) COP electrocatalyst exhibits superior performance compared to most ORR electrocatalysts, with a half-wave potential of 0.933 V and negligible activity decay after 40,000 cycles. When used as the cathode electrocatalyst in a hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell, the Pz-FeTPr COP achieves a peak power density of ≈210 mW cm-2 . We anticipate the COP based Fe-N4 catalyst design could be an effective strategy to develop high-performance catalyst for facilitating the progress of fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Minghao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Weisheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hongfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Han Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wentuan Bi
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Changzheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230031, China
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9
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Pérez-Jiménez M, Corona H, de la Cruz-Martínez F, Campos J. Donor-Acceptor Activation of Carbon Dioxide. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301428. [PMID: 37494303 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The activation and functionalization of carbon dioxide entails great interest related to its abundance, low toxicity and associated environmental problems. However, the inertness of CO2 has posed a challenge towards its efficient conversion to added-value products. In this review we discuss one of the strategies that have been widely used to capture and activate carbon dioxide, namely the use of donor-acceptor interactions by partnering a Lewis acidic and a Lewis basic fragment. This type of CO2 activation resembles that found in metalloenzymes, whose outstanding performance in catalytically transforming carbon dioxide encourages further bioinspired research. We have divided this review into three general sections based on the nature of the active sites: metal-free examples (mainly formed by frustrated Lewis pairs), main group-transition metal combinations, and transition metal heterobimetallic complexes. Overall, we discuss one hundred compounds that cooperatively activate carbon dioxide by donor-acceptor interactions, revealing a wide range of structural motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pérez-Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Helena Corona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Felipe de la Cruz-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
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10
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Xia Y, Zhang W, Yang S, Wang L, Yu G. Research Progress in Donor-Acceptor Type Covalent Organic Frameworks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301190. [PMID: 37094607 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are new organic porous materials constructed by covalent bonds, with the advantages of pre-designable topology, adjustable pore size, and abundant active sites. Many research studies have shown that COFs exhibit great potential in gas adsorption, molecular separation, catalysis, drug delivery, energy storage, etc. However, the electrons and holes of intrinsic COF are prone to compounding in transport, and the carrier lifetime is short. The donor-acceptor (D-A) type COFs, which are synthesized by introducing D and A units into the COFs backbone, combine separated electron and hole migration pathway, tunable band gap and optoelectronic properties of D-A type polymers with the unique advantages of COFs and have made great progress in related research in recent years. Here, the synthetic strategies of D-A type COFs are first outlined, including the rational design of linkages and D-A units as well as functionalization approaches. Then the applications of D-A type COFs in catalytic reactions, photothermal therapy, and electronic materials are systematically summarized. In the final section, the current challenges, and new directions for the development of D-A type COFs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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11
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Zhang M, Huang P, Liao JP, Yang MY, Zhang SB, Liu YF, Lu M, Li SL, Cai YP, Lan YQ. Relative Local Electron Density Tuning in Metal-Covalent Organic Frameworks for Boosting CO 2 Photoreduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311999. [PMID: 37709724 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The high local electron density and efficient charge carrier separation are two important factors to affect photocatalytic activity, especially for the CO2 photoreduction reaction. However, the systematic studies on the structure-functional relationship regarding the above two factors based on precisely structure model are rarely reported. Herein, as a proof-of-concept, we developed a new strategy on the evaluation of local electron density by controlling the relative electron-deficient (ED) and electron-rich (ER) intensity of monomer at a molecular level based on three rational-designed vinylene-linked sp2 carbon-covalent organic frameworks (COFs). As expected, the as-prepared vinylene-linked sp2 carbon-conjugated metal-covalent organic framework (MCOFs) (VL-MCOF-1) with molecular junction exhibited excellent activities for CO2 -to-HCOOH conversion (283.41 μmol g-1 h-1 ) and high selectivity of 97.1 %, much higher than the VL-MCOF-2 and g-C34 N6 -COF, which is due to the synergistic effect of the multi-electronic metal clusters (Cu3 (PyCA)3 ) (PyCA=pyrazolate-4-carboxaldehyde) as strong ER roles and cyanopyridine units as ED roles and active sites, as well as the boosted photo-induced charge separation efficiency of vinyl connection and increased light utilization ability. These results not only provide a strategy for regulating the electron-density distribution of photocatalysts at the molecular level but also offers profound insights for metal clusters-based COFs to effective CO2 conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Pei Huang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jia-Peng Liao
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ming-Yi Yang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shuai-Bing Zhang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu-Fei Liu
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Meng Lu
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shun-Li Li
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yue-Peng Cai
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ya-Qian Lan
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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12
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Luo Y, Chang Z, Pei J, Guo Z, Zhan H. Design, Synthesis, and Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics of Core-Substituted Naphthalene Diimide-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9266-9271. [PMID: 37812523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of two-dimensional polyimide covalent organic frameworks (2D COF) based on core-substituted naphthalene diimides (cNDIs) were designed and synthesized with the characteristic of tunable bandgap without global structural changes. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and DFT calculations indicated that COFcNDI-OEt and COFcNDI-SEt possess higher HOMO/LUMO levels and narrower bandgaps than COFNDI-H. Further investigation indicated that the COF bandgaps are not only related to the electron-donating substituents but also varied with respect to the interlayer distances. Moreover, the femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectra manifested that the electron donor substituents are beneficial to the charge delocalization in the π-columnar unit, resulting in a longer lifetime of charge recombination, which is one of the pivotal prerequisites for high-performance solar cells and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Chang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Jiajie Pei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Zhan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, P. R. China
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13
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Qin Y, Zhu X, Huang R. Covalent organic frameworks: linkage types, synthetic methods and bio-related applications. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6942-6976. [PMID: 37750827 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01247f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are composed of small organic molecules linked via covalent bonds, which have tunable mesoporous structure, good biocompatibility and functional diversities. These excellent properties make COFs a promising candidate for constructing biomedical nanoplatforms and provide ample opportunities for nanomedicine development. A systematic review of the linkage types and synthesis methods of COFs is of indispensable value for their biomedical applications. In this review, we first summarize the types of various linkages of COFs and their corresponding properties. Then, we highlight the reaction temperature, solvent and reaction time required by different synthesis methods and show the most suitable synthesis method by comparing the merits and demerits of various methods. To appreciate the cutting-edge research on COFs in bioscience technology, we also summarize the bio-related applications of COFs, including drug delivery, tumor therapy, bioimaging, biosensing and antimicrobial applications. We hope to provide insight into the interdisciplinary research on COFs and promote the development of COF nanomaterials for biomedical applications and their future clinical translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xinran Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Rongqin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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14
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Das A, Mohit, Thomas KRJ. Donor-Acceptor Covalent Organic Frameworks as a Heterogeneous Photoredox Catalyst for Scissoring Alkenes to Carbonyl Constituents. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14065-14077. [PMID: 37695568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of alkenes to carbonyl constituents via the cleavage of the C═C bond is unique due to its biological and pharmacological significance. Though a number of oxidative C═C cleavage protocols have been demonstrated for terminal and electron-rich alkene systems, none of them were optimized for electron-deficient and conjugated alkenes. In this work, a covalent organic framework containing triphenylamine and triazine units was revealed to cleave the C═C bond of alkenes under very mild conditions involving visible light irradiation due to its photoredox property. The alkenes can be conveniently broken across the double bond to their constituent carbonyl derivatives on light irradiation in the presence of air and the covalent organic framework photocatalyst. This protocol is applicable for a wide range of alkenes in an aqueous acetonitrile medium with high functional group tolerance and regioselectivity. Though the electron-deficient alkenes required tetramethylethylene diamine as a sacrificial donor, the electron-rich alkenes do not demand any additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Das
- Organic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Mohit
- Organic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - K R Justin Thomas
- Organic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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15
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Zhang F, Dong X, Wang Y, Lang X. Design and Synthesis of a Triazine-Based sp 2 Carbon-Conjugated Covalent Organic Framework for Blue Light Photocatalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302456. [PMID: 37196416 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Fully conjugated covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can exhibit great potential in semiconductor photocatalysis. But their syntheses remain elusive due to the low reversibility of vinylene linkage. Herein, by tuning the amount of base and temperature, a novel triazine-based sp2 carbon-conjugated COF (TA-sp2 c-COF) is successfully constructed over Cs2 CO3 . Besides, the influence of modulating factors on the chemical and optoelectronic properties of TA-sp2 c-COF is thoroughly investigated. TA-sp2 c-COF adopts an eclipsed AA stacking structure with uniform micropores (1.4 nm). The blue light photocatalysis of the highly crystalline TA-sp2 c-COF is established for the selective oxidative coupling of amines with oxygen, and the predominant role of superoxide is identified in forming imines. This work foretells that meticulous modulation of reaction conditions is the key to constructing sp2 carbon-conjugated COFs toward solar photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Zhang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiaoyun Dong
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yuexin Wang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xianjun Lang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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16
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Zhou K, Jia Z, Zhou Y, Ding G, Ma XQ, Niu W, Han ST, Zhao J, Zhou Y. Covalent Organic Frameworks for Neuromorphic Devices. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7173-7192. [PMID: 37540588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuromorphic computing could enable the potential to break the inherent limitations of conventional von Neumann architectures, which has led to widespread research interest in developing novel neuromorphic memory devices, such as memristors and bioinspired artificial synaptic devices. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as crystalline porous polymers, have tailorable skeletons and pores, providing unique platforms for the interplay with photons, excitons, electrons, holes, ions, spins, and molecules. Such features encourage the rising research interest in COF materials in neuromorphic electronics. To develop high-performance COF-based neuromorphic memory devices, it is necessary to comprehensively understand materials, devices, and applications. Therefore, this Perspective focuses on discussing the use of COF materials for neuromorphic memory devices in terms of molecular design, thin-film processing, and neuromorphic applications. Finally, we provide an outlook for future directions and potential applications of COF-based neuromorphic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Jia
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Guanglong Ding
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Qi Ma
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Wenbiao Niu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Su-Ting Han
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Jiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
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17
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Chen X, Kong L, Mehrez JAA, Fan C, Quan W, Zhang Y, Zeng M, Yang J, Hu N, Su Y, Wei H, Yang Z. Outstanding Humidity Chemiresistors Based on Imine-Linked Covalent Organic Framework Films for Human Respiration Monitoring. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:149. [PMID: 37286913 PMCID: PMC10247948 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human metabolite moisture detection is important in health monitoring and non-invasive diagnosis. However, ultra-sensitive quantitative extraction of respiration information in real-time remains a great challenge. Herein, chemiresistors based on imine-linked covalent organic framework (COF) films with dual-active sites are fabricated to address this issue, which demonstrates an amplified humidity-sensing signal performance. By regulation of monomers and functional groups, these COF films can be pre-engineered to achieve high response, wide detection range, fast response, and recovery time. Under the condition of relative humidity ranging from 13 to 98%, the COFTAPB-DHTA film-based humidity sensor exhibits outstanding humidity sensing performance with an expanded response value of 390 times. Furthermore, the response values of the COF film-based sensor are highly linear to the relative humidity in the range below 60%, reflecting a quantitative sensing mechanism at the molecular level. Based on the dual-site adsorption of the (-C=N-) and (C-N) stretching vibrations, the reversible tautomerism induced by hydrogen bonding with water molecules is demonstrated to be the main intrinsic mechanism for this effective humidity detection. In addition, the synthesized COF films can be further exploited to effectively detect human nasal and oral breathing as well as fabric permeability, which will inspire novel designs for effective humidity-detection devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingwei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jaafar Abdul-Aziz Mehrez
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Quan
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Nantao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Su
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Zhang G, Zhao M, Su L, Yu H, Wang C, Sun D, Ding Y. Donor-Acceptor Covalent-Organic Frameworks Based on Phthalimide as an Electron-Deficient Unit for Efficient Visible-Light Catalytic Hydrogen Evolution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20310-20316. [PMID: 36994986 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor two-dimensional covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) have great potential as photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution because of their tunable structures, ordered and strong stacking, high crystallinity, and porosity. Herein, an acceptor unit, namely phthalimide, has been employed for the first time to construct COFs. Two donor-acceptor COFs (TAPFy-PhI and TAPB-PhI) have been successfully synthesized via a Schiff base reaction using phthalimide as the acceptor and 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)pyrene (TAPFy) and 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene (TAPB) as donors. The synthesized COFs exhibited high crystallinity, permanent porosity, excellent chemical stability, suitable band gaps, and broad visible-light absorption. In the presence of ascorbic acid (sacrificial reagent), the TAPFy-PhI COF exhibited an efficient photocatalytic performance with a hydrogen evolution rate of 1763 μmol g-1 h-1. Moreover, the photocatalytic performance was further improved by the addition of Pt (1 wt %) as a cocatalyst, and the hydrogen evolution rate reached 2718 μmol g-1 h-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobing Zhang
- Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Key Laboratory of Advance Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Mingshi Zhao
- Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Linghui Su
- Institute of New Energy and Low Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advance Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Dengrong Sun
- College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, National Engineering Research Centre for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Carbon Neutral Technology Innovation Center of Sichuan, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yunsheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Advance Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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19
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Sridhar V, Yildiz E, Rodríguez-Camargo A, Lyu X, Yao L, Wrede P, Aghakhani A, Akolpoglu BM, Podjaski F, Lotsch BV, Sitti M. Designing Covalent Organic Framework-Based Light-Driven Microswimmers toward Therapeutic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2301126. [PMID: 37003701 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
While micromachines with tailored functionalities enable therapeutic applications in biological environments, their controlled motion and targeted drug delivery in biological media require sophisticated designs for practical applications. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a new generation of crystalline and nanoporous polymers, offer new perspectives for light-driven microswimmers in heterogeneous biological environments including intraocular fluids, thus setting the stage for biomedical applications such as retinal drug delivery. Two different types of COFs, uniformly spherical TABP-PDA-COF sub-micrometer particles and texturally nanoporous, micrometer-sized TpAzo-COF particles are described and compared as light-driven microrobots. They can be used as highly efficient visible-light-driven drug carriers in aqueous ionic and cellular media. Their absorption ranging down to red light enables phototaxis even in deeper and viscous biological media, while the organic nature of COFs ensures their biocompatibility. Their inherently porous structures with ≈2.6 and ≈3.4 nm pores, and large surface areas allow for targeted and efficient drug loading even for insoluble drugs, which can be released on demand. Additionally, indocyanine green (ICG) dye loading in the pores enables photoacoustic imaging, optical coherence tomography, and hyperthermia in operando conditions. This real-time visualization of the drug-loaded COF microswimmers enables unique insights into the action of photoactive porous drug carriers for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Sridhar
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Erdost Yildiz
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andrés Rodríguez-Camargo
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Xianglong Lyu
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Liang Yao
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Paul Wrede
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amirreza Aghakhani
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Birgul M Akolpoglu
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Filip Podjaski
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ, London, UK
| | - Bettina V Lotsch
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence e-conversion, 85748, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Koç University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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Inácio D, Pinto AL, Paninho AB, Branco LC, Freitas SKS, Cruz H. Application of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) as Dyes and Additives for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs). NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1204. [PMID: 37049299 PMCID: PMC10097336 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Five Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) were synthesized and applied to Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) as dyes and additives. These porous nanomaterials are based on cheap, abundant commercially available ionic dyes (thionin acetate RIO-43, Bismarck brown Y RIO-55 and pararosaniline hydrochloride RIO-70), and antibiotics (dapsone RIO-60) are used as building blocks. The reticular innovative organic framework RIO-60 is the most promising dye for DSSCs. It possesses a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 1.00 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 329 mV, a fill factor (FF) of 0.59, and a cell efficiency (η) of 0.19%. These values are higher than those previously reported for COFs in similar devices. This first approach using the RIO family provides a good perspective on its application in DSSCs as a dye or photoanode dye enhancer, helping to increase the cell's lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Inácio
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Lucia Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana B. Paninho
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luis C. Branco
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sunny K. S. Freitas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Instituto de Química—UFRJ Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, n° 149, Bloco A—7° Andar Centro de Tecnologia—Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Hugo Cruz
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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21
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Jiang Z, Sun W, Yang Z, Pan H, Tang Z, Shi W, Xiang Y, Yan D, Teng H. Pyrene-Based D-A Molecules as Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts for Visible-Light-Induced Aerobic Organic Transformations. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202082. [PMID: 36479983 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an efficient visible light promoted aerobic dehydro-coupling of amines, oxidation of thioethers and hydroxylation of arylboronic acids under benign conditions by using pyrene-based donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated organic molecules was described. Donor-acceptor structure influences their π-conjugation and band gap a lot, and thereby enhances their visible light absorption ability, single electron transfer and oxidative behaviors. Alkynyl units in PS-IV play a crucial role in the catalyst which could serve as electron transferring bridge to strengthen electron delocalization, thus facilitating the single electron transfer from photosensitizer to substrates, and making it an efficient ⋅O2 - generator. While PS-III without alkynyl units tends to produce 1 O2 . Therefore, these molecules can serve as efficient catalysts for different kinds of visible-light-induced aerobic organic reactions. More importantly, the simply structured molecule is insoluble and stable in various solvents, and thus could be recycled as heterogeneous catalyst for many rounds with slight catalytic activity degradation. Besides, large scale (1 mol) reaction of benzylamine coupling proceeded smoothly under the standard conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Jiang
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Sun
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyan Yang
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hui Pan
- Jingzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jingzhou, 434000, P. R. China
| | - Zubing Tang
- Downhole Operation Branch of Sinopec Southwest Petroleum Engineering Corporation, Deyang, 618000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yonggang Xiang
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Dingce Yan
- Analytical and Testing Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Huailong Teng
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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22
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Tunable Donor-Acceptor Linear Conjugated Polymers Involving Cyanostyrylthiophene Linkages for Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Production. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052203. [PMID: 36903455 PMCID: PMC10004844 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, an atom- and step-economic direct C-H arylation polymerization (DArP) strategy was developed to access cyanostyrylthiophene (CST)-based donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymers (CPs) used for photocatalytic hydrogen production (PHP) from water reduction. The new CST-based CPs CP1-CP5 with varied building blocks were systematically studied by X-ray single-crystal analysis, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, UV-vis, photoluminescence, transient photocurrent response, cyclic voltammetry measurements, and a PHP test, which showed that the phenyl-cyanostyrylthiophene-based CP3 exhibits a superior hydrogen evolution rate (7.60 mmol h-1 g-1) compared to other conjugated polymers. The structure-property-performance correlation results obtained in this study will provide an important guideline for the rational design of high-performance D-A CPs for PHP applications.
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23
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Suzuki M, Miura M, Ohkubo E, Karimata H, Aizawa N, Yamada H, Nakayama KI. Possibilities and Limitations in Monomer Combinations for Ternary Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3008-3015. [PMID: 36710457 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The diversity and complexity of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can be largely increased by incorporating multiple types of monomers with different topologies or sizes. However, an increase in the number of monomer types significantly complicates the COF formation process. Accordingly, much remains unclear regarding the viability of monomer combinations for ternary or higher-arity COFs. Herein, we show that, through an extensive examination of 12 two-nodes-one-linker ([2 + 1]) combinations, monomer-set viability is determined primarily by the conformational strain originating from disordered monomer arrangements, rather than other factors such as the difference in COF formation kinetics between monomers. When monomers cannot accommodate the strain associated with the formation of a locally disordered, yet crystalline framework, the corresponding [2 + 1] condensation yields a mixture of different COFs or an amorphous polymer. We also demonstrate that a node-linker pair that does not form a binary COF can be integrated to generate a single-phase framework upon addition of a small amount of the third component. These results will clarify the factors behind the successful formation of multicomponent COFs and refine their design by enabling accurate differentiation between allowed and disallowed monomer combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuharu Suzuki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masashi Miura
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Enzo Ohkubo
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haru Karimata
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Naoya Aizawa
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nakayama
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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24
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Luo XX, Wang XT, Ang EH, Zhang KY, Zhao XX, Lü HY, Wu XL. Advanced Covalent Organic Frameworks for Multi-Valent Metal Ion Batteries. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202723. [PMID: 36250748 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have received increased interest in recent years as an advanced class of materials. By virtue of the available monomers, multiple conformations and various linkages, COFs offer a wide range of opportunities for complex structural design and specific functional development of materials, which has facilitated the widespread application in many fields, including multi-valent metal ion batteries (MVMIBs), described as the attractive candidate replacing lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). With their robust skeletons, diverse pores, flexible structures and abundant functional groups, COFs are expected to help realize a high performance MVMIBs. In this review, we present an overview of COFs, describe advances in topology design and synthetic reactions, and study the application of COFs in MVMIBs, as well as discuss challenges and solutions in the preparation of COFs electrodes, in the hope of providing constructive insights into the future direction of COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xi Luo
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Tong Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Edison Huixiang Ang
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Kai-Yang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Lü
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Long Wu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China.,MOE Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
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25
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Linkage-Affected Donor–Acceptor Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The depletion of traditional fossil energy and the resulting environmental pollution forces people to explore new energy sources. Direct use of solar energy is now a viable solution for solving these problems. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a porous crystalline material; their well-defined two-dimensional or three-dimensional frameworks can ensure the orderly arrangement of photoelectric active units, giving them potential photoelectric conversion applications. The tunable structural features endow COFs many advantages in photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light. This review comprehensively summarizes the research progress on photoelectronic donor–acceptor (D-A) COFs with tunable structure for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and will provide a feasible guiding strategy for applying this type of COFs in photocatalytic hydrogen production.
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26
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Construction of benzothiadiazole-based D-A covalent organic frameworks for photocatalytic reduction of Cr (VI) and synergistic elimination of organic pollutants. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Yang J, Ghosh S, Roeser J, Acharjya A, Penschke C, Tsutsui Y, Rabeah J, Wang T, Djoko Tameu SY, Ye MY, Grüneberg J, Li S, Li C, Schomäcker R, Van De Krol R, Seki S, Saalfrank P, Thomas A. Constitutional isomerism of the linkages in donor–acceptor covalent organic frameworks and its impact on photocatalysis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6317. [PMID: 36274186 PMCID: PMC9588771 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33875-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When new covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are designed, the main efforts are typically focused on selecting specific building blocks with certain geometries and properties to control the structure and function of the final COFs. The nature of the linkage (imine, boroxine, vinyl, etc.) between these building blocks naturally also defines their properties. However, besides the linkage type, the orientation, i.e., the constitutional isomerism of these linkages, has rarely been considered so far as an essential aspect. In this work, three pairs of constitutionally isomeric imine-linked donor-acceptor (D-A) COFs are synthesized, which are different in the orientation of the imine bonds (D-C=N-A (DCNA) and D-N=C-A (DNCA)). The constitutional isomers show substantial differences in their photophysical properties and consequently in their photocatalytic performance. Indeed, all DCNA COFs show enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution performance than the corresponding DNCA COFs. Besides the imine COFs shown here, it can be concluded that the proposed concept of constitutional isomerism of linkages in COFs is quite universal and should be considered when designing and tuning the properties of COFs. Systematic investigation of isomerism in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can provide key insights into their properties. Here, the authors reveal that the constitutional isomerism of the linkage i.e., linkage orientations distinctly impact COFs’ structural and photophysical properties.
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28
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Porcu S, Secci F, Ricci PC. Advances in Hybrid Composites for Photocatalytic Applications: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206828. [PMID: 36296421 PMCID: PMC9607189 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous photocatalysts have garnered extensive attention as a sustainable way for environmental remediation and energy storage process. Water splitting, solar energy conversion, and pollutant degradation are examples of nowadays applications where semiconductor-based photocatalysts represent a potentially disruptive technology. The exploitation of solar radiation for photocatalysis could generate a strong impact by decreasing the energy demand and simultaneously mitigating the impact of anthropogenic pollutants. However, most of the actual photocatalysts work only on energy radiation in the Near-UV region (<400 nm), and the studies and development of new photocatalysts with high efficiency in the visible range of the spectrum are required. In this regard, hybrid organic/inorganic photocatalysts have emerged as highly potential materials to drastically improve visible photocatalytic efficiency. In this review, we will analyze the state-of-art and the developments of hybrid photocatalysts for energy storage and energy conversion process as well as their application in pollutant degradation and water treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Porcu
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.P. No. 8 Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Francesco Secci
- Department of Chemical and Geological Science, University of Cagliari, S.P. No. 8 Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Pier Carlo Ricci
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.P. No. 8 Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-070675-4821
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29
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Yang Y, Luo N, Lin S, Yao H, Cai Y. Cyano Substituent on the Olefin Linkage: Promoting Rather than Inhibiting the Performance of Covalent Organic Frameworks. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R.China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Na Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R.China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shiyun Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Huan Yao
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R.China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
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30
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Li Y, Song X, Zhang G, Wang L, Liu Y, Chen W, Chen L. 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks Toward Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200901. [PMID: 35652127 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Efficiently producing clean energy is of great importance for sustainable development of the environment. Solar-driven water splitting for H2 evolution has an important role among the renewable energy technologies. Developing high-performance and cost-effective photocatalysts is still a critical task before practical application. 2D Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as photocatalysts have recently attracted widespread interest thanks to their tunable optical bandgaps, tailor-made functionality, excellent crystallinity, high specific surface area, and good photo- and chemical stability. This Review focuses on the representative progress and remaining challenges in 2D COF-based photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Chen
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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31
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Zhang B, Chen L, Zhang Z, Li Q, Khangale P, Hildebrandt D, Liu X, Feng Q, Qiao S. Modulating the Band Structure of Metal Coordinated Salen COFs and an In Situ Constructed Charge Transfer Heterostructure for Electrocatalysis Hydrogen Evolution. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105912. [PMID: 35657033 PMCID: PMC9353467 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A series of crystalline, stable Metal (Metal = Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn)-Salen covalent organic framework (COF)EDA complex are prepared to continuously tune the band structure of Metal-Salen COFEDA , with the purpose of optimizing the free energy intermediate species during the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) process. The conductive macromolecular poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is subsequently integrated into the one-dimensional (1D) channel arrays of Metal-Salen COFEDA to form heterostructure PEDOT@Metal-Salen COFEDA via the in situ solid-state polymerization method. Among the Metal-Salen COFEDA and PEDOT@Metal-Salen COFEDA complexes, the optimized PEDOT@Mn-Salen COFEDA displays prominent electrochemical activity with an overpotential of 150 mV and a Tafel slope of 43 mV dec-1 . The experimental results and density of states data show that the continuous energy band structure modulation in Metal-Salen COFEDA has the ability to make the metal d-orbital interact better with the s-orbital of H, which is conducive to electron transport in the HER process. Moreover, the calculated charge density difference indicates that the heterostructures composed of PEDOT and Metal-Salen COFEDA induce an intramolecular charge transfer and construct highly active interfacial sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boying Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang050018P. R. China
- Department of Chemical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and the Built EnvironmentUniversity of JohannesburgDoornfontein2028South Africa
| | - Liling Chen
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang050018P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072P. R. China
| | - Zhenni Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang050018P. R. China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang050018P. R. China
| | - Phathutshedzo Khangale
- Department of Chemical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and the Built EnvironmentUniversity of JohannesburgDoornfontein2028South Africa
| | - Diane Hildebrandt
- African Energy Leadership CentreWITS Business School and Molecular Science InstituteSchool of ChemistryUniversity of WitwatersrandJohannesburg2050South Africa
| | - Xinying Liu
- Institute for Development of Energy for African SustainabilityUniversity of South AfricaFlorida1709South Africa
| | - Qingliang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072P. R. China
| | - Shanlin Qiao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang050018P. R. China
- Hebei Electronic Organic Chemicals Technology Innovation CenterShijiazhuang050018P. R. China
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32
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Chen W, Chen P, Chen D, Liu Y, Zhang G, Wang L, Chen L. Triangular Topological 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks Constructed via Symmetric or Asymmetric "Two-in-One" Type Monomers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105517. [PMID: 35142439 PMCID: PMC9259724 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Most of the reported covalent organic frameworks (COFs) so far are prepared from highly symmetric building blocks, which to some extent limits the expansion of COF diversity and complexity. Low-symmetric building blocks can be designed through a desymmetrized vertex strategy, which might be used to construct new topological COFs. But reports of COFs constructed by asymmetric building blocks are thus far very rare. Here, a feasible strategy to design asymmetric building blocks for COF synthesis is introduced, by simply varying the positions of functional groups in the monomer. As a proof of concept, two isomeric hexaphenylbenzene-based "two-in-one" type monomers (1,2,4-HPB-NH2 and 1,3,5-HPB-NH2 ) are designed and synthesized. To the authors' surprise, self-polycondensation of the asymmetric 1,2,4-HPB-NH2 (i.e., the isomer of common C3 -symmetric 1,3,5-HPB-NH2 ) also affords highly crystalline COF (1,2,4-HPB-COF) similar to the symmetric 1,3,5-HPB-NH2 counterpart with identical topological structure. The triangular porous structures of both HPB-based COFs are well resolved by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), theoretical simulations, nitrogen sorption, and morphologies analysis. This work demonstrates the "two-in-one" type asymmetric building blocks can also produce highly crystalline frameworks and thus provides a new structural design strategy for reticular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiben Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyGuangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
- Department of ChemistryTianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Pei Chen
- Department of ChemistryTianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of ChemistryTianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Yi Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyGuangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Guang Zhang
- Department of ChemistryTianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyGuangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of ChemistryTianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
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33
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Zhang T, Gregoriou VG, Gasparini N, Chochos CL. Porous organic polymers in solar cells. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4465-4483. [PMID: 35583184 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00123c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their unique porosity and large surface area, porous organic polymers (POPs) have shown their presence in numerous novel applications. The tunability and functionality of both the pores and backbone of the material enable its suitability in photovoltaic devices. The porosity induced host-guest configurations as well as periodic donor-acceptor structures benefit the charge separation and charge transfer in photophysical processes. The role of POPS in other critical device components, such as hole transporting layers and electrodes, has also been demonstrated. Herein, this review will primarily focus on the recent progress made in applying POPs for solar cell device performance enhancement, covering organic solar cells, perovskite solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells. Based on the efforts in recent years in unraveling POP's photophysical process and its relevance with device performances, an in-depth analysis will be provided to address the gradual shift of attention from an entirely POP-based active layer to other device functional components. Combining the insights from device physics, material synthesis, and microfabrication, we aim to unfold the fundamental limitations and challenges of POPs and shed light on future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Vasilis G Gregoriou
- Advent Technologies SA, Stadiou Street, Platani, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece. .,National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens, 11635, Greece
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Christos L Chochos
- Advent Technologies SA, Stadiou Street, Platani, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece. .,Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
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34
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Wang S, Li H, Huang H, Cao X, Chen X, Cao D. Porous organic polymers as a platform for sensing applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2031-2080. [PMID: 35226024 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00059h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sensing analysis is significantly important for human health and environmental safety, and has gained increasing concern. As a promising material, porous organic polymers (POPs) have drawn widespread attention due to the availability of plentiful building blocks and their tunable structures, porosity and functions. Moreover, the permanent porous nature could provide a micro-environment to interact with guest molecules, rendering POPs attractive for application in the sensing field. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of POPs as a platform for sensing applications. POP-based sensors are mainly divided into five categories, including fluorescence turn-on sensors, fluorescence turn-off sensors, ratiometric fluorescent sensors, colorimetric sensors and chemiresistive sensors, and their various sensing applications in detecting explosives, metal ions, anions, small molecules, biological molecules, pH changes, enantiomers, latent fingerprints and thermosensation are summarized. The different structure-based POPs and their corresponding synthetic strategies as well as the related sensing mechanisms mainly including energy transfer, donor-acceptor electron transfer, absorption competition quenching and inner filter effect are also involved in the discussion. Finally, the future outlook and perspective are addressed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Hongtao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Huanan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 222005, China
| | - Xiaohua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 222005, China
| | - Xiudong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 222005, China
| | - Dapeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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35
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Zhang Z, Jia J, Zhi Y, Ma S, Liu X. Porous organic polymers for light-driven organic transformations. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2444-2490. [PMID: 35133352 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00808k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a new generation of porous materials, porous organic polymers (POPs), have recently emerged as a powerful platform of heterogeneous photocatalysis. POPs are constructed using extensive organic synthesis methodologies, with various functional organic units being connected via high-energy covalent bonds. This review systematically presents the recent advances in POPs for visible-light driven organic transformations. Herein, we firstly summarize the common construction strategies for POP-based photocatalysts based on two major approaches: pre-design and post-modification; secondly, we categorize and summarize the synthesis methods and organic reaction types for constructing various types of POPs. We then classify and introduce the specific reactions of current light-driven POP-mediated organic transformations. Finally, we outline the current state of development and the problems faced in light-driven organic transformations by POPs, and we present some perspectives to motivate the reader to explore solutions to these problems and confront the present challenges in the development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Ji Jia
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Yongfeng Zhi
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China. .,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Si Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
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36
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Ye DN, Zhang YJ, Tan ZR, Xing YQ, Chen Z, Qiu JB, Liu SY. Tunable cyano substituents in D–A conjugated polymers accessed via direct arylation for photocatalytic hydrogen production. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12680-12683. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04625c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A library of STP-based CP photocatalysts with –CN groups at varied positions were designed and facilely synthesized by an atom- and step-economic one-component direct arylation polymerization for a structure–property–performance correlation study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Nai Ye
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Rong Tan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Qin Xing
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Bin Qiu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Yong Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
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37
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Zhu D, Zhang JJ, Wu X, Yan Q, Liu F, Zhu Y, Gao X, Rahman MM, Yakobson BI, Ajayan PM, Verduzco R. Understanding Fragility and Engineering Activation Stability in Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9655-9667. [PMID: 36091887 PMCID: PMC9400600 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03489a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensitivity of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) to pore collapse during activation processes is generally termed activation stability, and activation stability is important for achieving and maintaining COF crystallinity and porosity which are relevant to a variety of applications. However, current understanding of COF stability during activation is insufficient, and prior studies have focused primarily on thermal stability or on the activation stability of other porous materials, such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). In this work, we demonstrate and implement a versatile experimental approach to quantify activation stability of COFs and use this to establish a number of relationships between their pore size, the type of pore substituents, pore architecture, and structural robustness. Additionally, density functional theory calculations reveal the impact on both inter-and intra-layer interactions, which govern activation stability, and we demonstrate that activation stability can be systematically tuned using a multivariate synthesis approach involving mixtures of functionalized and unfunctionalized COF building blocks. Our findings provide novel fundamental insights into the activation stability of COFs and offer guidance for the design of more robust COFs. We establish relationships between COF pore size, the type of pore substituent, pore architecture, and structural robustness and demonstrate that activation stability can be systematically tuned using a multivariate synthesis approach.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University 6100 Main Street MS-362 Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Jun-Jie Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University 6100 Main Street MS-325 Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter (FJIRSM), Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials (XMIREM), Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China
| | - Qianqian Yan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University 6100 Main Street MS-325 Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Fangxin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University 6100 Main Street MS-362 Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University 6100 Main Street MS-325 Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Rice University 6100 Main Street MS-126 Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Muhammad M Rahman
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University 6100 Main Street MS-325 Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University 6100 Main Street MS-325 Houston Texas 77005 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-60 6100 Main Street Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University 6100 Main Street MS-325 Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University 6100 Main Street MS-362 Houston Texas 77005 USA
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University 6100 Main Street MS-325 Houston Texas 77005 USA
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38
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Tan ZR, Xing YQ, Cheng JZ, Zhang G, Shen ZQ, Zhang YJ, Liao G, Chen L, Liu SY. EDOT-based conjugated polymers accessed via C–H direct arylation for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1725-1733. [PMID: 35282637 PMCID: PMC8826507 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05784g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene (EDOT), as a monomer of commercial conductive poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT), has been facilely incorporated into a series of new π-conjugated polymer-based photocatalysts, i.e., BSO2-EDOT, DBT-EDOT, Py-EDOT and DFB-EDOT,...
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Rong Tan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou 341000 China
| | - Yu-Qin Xing
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou 341000 China
| | - Jing-Zhao Cheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou 341000 China
| | - Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhao-Qi Shen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou 341000 China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou 341000 China
| | - Guangfu Liao
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Shi-Yong Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou 341000 China
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39
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Wang W, Wang H, Tang X, Huo J, Su Y, Lu C, Zhang Y, Xu H, Gu C. Phenothiazine-based covalent organic frameworks with low exciton binding energies for photocatalysis. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8679-8685. [PMID: 35974752 PMCID: PMC9337731 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02503e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing delocalized excitons with low binding energy (Eb) in organic semiconductors is urgently required for efficient photochemistry because the excitons in most organic materials are localized with a high Eb of >300 meV. In this work, we report the achievement of a low Eb of ∼50 meV by constructing phenothiazine-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with inherent crystallinity, porosity, chemical robustness, and feasibility of bandgap engineering. The low Eb facilitates effective exciton dissociation and thus promotes photocatalysis by using these COFs. As a demonstration, we subject these COFs to photocatalytic polymerization to synthesize polymers with remarkably high molecular weight without any requirement of the metal catalyst. Our results can facilitate the rational design of porous materials with low Eb for efficient photocatalysis. We report the construction of phenothiazine-based covalent organic frameworks, which exhibited diverse structures, the feasibility of bandgap engineering, and unprecedented ultralow exciton binding energy of ∼50 meV for photocatalytic polymerization.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jinlei Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chuangye Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yujian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Hong Xu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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40
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Zhu Y, Zhu D, Chen Y, Yan Q, Liu CY, Ling K, Liu Y, Lee D, Wu X, Senftle TP, Verduzco R. Porphyrin-based donor-acceptor COFs as efficient and reusable photocatalysts for PET-RAFT polymerization under broad spectrum excitation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:16092-16099. [PMID: 35024131 PMCID: PMC8672717 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05379e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline and porous organic materials attractive for photocatalysis applications due to their structural versatility and tunable optical and electronic properties. The use of photocatalysts (PCs) for polymerizations enables the preparation of well-defined polymeric materials under mild reaction conditions. Herein, we report two porphyrin-based donor-acceptor COFs that are effective heterogeneous PCs for photoinduced electron transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT). Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we designed porphyrin COFs with strong donor-acceptor characteristics and delocalized conduction bands. The COFs were effective PCs for PET-RAFT, successfully polymerizing a variety of monomers in both organic and aqueous media using visible light (λ max from 460 to 635 nm) to produce polymers with tunable molecular weights (MWs), low molecular weight dispersity, and good chain-end fidelity. The heterogeneous COF PCs could also be reused for PET-RAFT polymerization at least 5 times without losing photocatalytic performance. This work demonstrates porphyrin-based COFs that are effective catalysts for photo-RDRP and establishes design principles for the development of highly active COF PCs for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Dongyang Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Qianqian Yan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Chun-Yen Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Kexin Ling
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Dongjoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter (FJIRSM), Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials (XMIREM), Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China
| | - Thomas P Senftle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA
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41
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Photo-induced synthesis of ternary Pt/rGO/COF photocatalyst with Pt nanoparticles precisely anchored on rGO for efficient visible-light-driven H 2 evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 608:2613-2622. [PMID: 34772502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been recognized as a new type of promising visible-light-driven photocatalysts for H2 evolution, while it still is a key point to facilitate the separation and transfer of photoinduced charges for further enhancing their activities. In this work, we fabricated a new type of ternary Pt/rGO/COF photocatalysts with Pt cocatalyst precisely anchored on rGO serving as electron collector for largely enhanced H2 evolution. A series of ternary hybrid materials were obtained via one-pot photoreduction of Pt4+ and GO under visible-light irradiation in a solution the same as photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction and simultaneous self-assembling of rGO/COF heterostructure. No need isolation, the synthetic system could be further used for photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction and the results show the H2 evolution rate of Pt/rGO(20%)/TpPa-1-COF hybrid material is 19.59 mmol·g-1·h-1, 6.51 times higher than that of Pt/TpPa-1-COF. The essential role of the exclusively distributed Pt nanoparticles on rGO to the high H2 evolution activity was confirmed by various comparisons of activity for the samples with diverse Pt distribution.
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42
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Li G, Ma W, Yang Y, Zhong C, Huang H, Ouyang D, He Y, Tian W, Lin J, Lin Z. Nanoscale Covalent Organic Frameworks with Donor-Acceptor Structures as Highly Efficient Light-Responsive Oxidase-like Mimics for Colorimetric Detection of Glutathione. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49482-49489. [PMID: 34636536 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although organic artificial enzymes have been reported as biomimetic oxidation catalysts and are widely used for colorimetric biosensors, developing organic artificial enzymes with high enzymatic activity is still a challenge. Two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have shown superior potential in biocatalysts because of their periodic π-π arrays, tunable pore size and structure, large surface area, and thermal stability. The interconnection of electron acceptor and donor building blocks in the 2D conjugated COF skeleton can lead to narrower band gaps and efficient charge separation and transportation and thus is helpful to improve catalytic activity. Herein, a donor-acceptor 2D COF was synthesized using tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)pyrene (Py) as an electron donor and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarbaldehyde (TT) as an electron acceptor. Under visible light irradiation, the donor-acceptor 2D COF exhibited superior enzymatic catalytic activity, which could catalyze the oxidation of chromogenic substrates such as 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by the formation of superoxide radicals and holes. Based on the above property, the photoactivated donor-acceptor 2D COF with enzyme-like catalytic properties was designed as a robust colorimetric probe for cheap, highly sensitive, and rapid colorimetric detection of glutathione (GSH); the corresponding linear range of GSH was 0.4-60 μM, and the limit of detection was 0.225 μM. This study not only presents the construction of COF-based light-activated nanozymes for environmentally friendly colorimetric detection of GSH but also provides a smart strategy for improving nanozyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Wende Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yixin Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Dan Ouyang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yanting He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Wenchang Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Juan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Governmental Hospital, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
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