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Patil SG, Khode V, Christa E, Desai RM, Chandrasekaran AM, Vadiraja HS, Raghavendra R, Aithal K, Champa R, Deepak KK, Roy A, Kinra S, Dorairaj P. Effect of Yoga on Endothelial Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2024; 30:233-249. [PMID: 37878297 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2023.0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Endothelial dysfunction is the initial step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; and it plays a central role in the development of cardiovascular diseases and many types of human diseases (diabetes, kidney failure, cancer, and viral infections). Strategies that are effective in protecting vascular endothelial function and retard or reversing endothelial dysfunction in the early stage appear to be potential in the prevention of vascular, cardiac, and many human diseases. Several studies have been carried out on the effects of yoga on endothelial function, but the results of these studies have not been synthesized. This study aimed at conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of yoga on endothelial function. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that assessed the effect of yoga practice on vascular endothelial function was done as per the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane controlled register of trials (CENTRAL) were searched from inception to August 2022. The search strategy was constructed around yoga-based techniques and endothelial function. All the yoga-based interventional studies on endothelial function or dysfunction were included in this review. A narrative synthesis and descriptive analysis were done due to the diverse methodology of selected studies. We carried out a formal meta-analysis of controlled trials that assessed the effect of yoga on flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), a measure of endothelial function. Results: A total of 18 studies were included for review involving 1043 participants. Yoga training showed improved endothelial function in 12 studies, whereas 6 studies did not find any statistically robust effect. Meta-analysis (n = 395 participants, 6-studies, 7 comparisons) showed an increase in brachial FMD by yoga practice (mean difference = -1.23%; 95% confidence interval -2.23 to -0.23; p = 0.02). The heterogeneity between the studies was 43% (Tau2 = 0.70, χ2 = 10.49). The risk of bias was low to moderate in these studies. No adverse effects were reported. Conclusions: Yoga practice improved endothelial function. Yoga could be a safe and potential integrative medicine to improve endothelial function. However, as the statistical heterogeneity, that is, variation in the FMD among the studies was moderate, large clinical trials are necessary for its clinical recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish G Patil
- Department of Physiology, SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, India
| | - Vitthal Khode
- Department of Physiology, SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, India
| | - Edmin Christa
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College & Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Rathnamala M Desai
- Department of Physiology, SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, India
| | | | | | - Rao Raghavendra
- Central Council for Research in Yoga and Naturopathy, New Delhi, India
| | - Kiran Aithal
- Department of Physiology, SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, India
| | - R Champa
- Department of Physiology, SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, India
| | | | - Ambuj Roy
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Kinra
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Prabhakaran Dorairaj
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
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Patil SG, Sobitharaj EC, Chandrasekaran AM, Patil SS, Singh K, Gupta R, Deepak KK, Jaryal AK, Chandran DS, Kinra S, Roy A, Prabhakaran D. Effect of Yoga-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program on Endothelial Function, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Markers in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Yoga 2024; 17:20-28. [PMID: 38899136 PMCID: PMC11185433 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_40_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of yoga-based cardiac rehabilitation (Yoga-CaRe) on the endothelial system, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Methods A sub-study was conducted in two clinical sites of the Yoga-CaRe trial (a multicenter randomized controlled trial). Participants with acute MI were randomized and allocated to either the Yoga-CaRe program (13 sessions with encouragement to home practice) or enhanced standard care (three educational sessions). Endothelial function, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers were assessed using biomarkers such as asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), endothelin-1 (ET-1), E-selectin, P-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), intercellular cell-adhesion molecule-1, total nitric oxide concentration (NOx), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Oxd-LDL), superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), and C-reactive protein (CRP) at baseline and 12 weeks. Laboratory and statistical analysis were done by staff blinded to group allocation. Results Eighty-two patients (of the 110 patients recruited) completed the study. The mean age was 53.1 ± 10.6 and 51.9 ± 10.7 years in enhanced standard care and Yoga-CaRe group, respectively. At 12 weeks, Yoga-CaRe significantly reduced ADMA, ET-1, and ICMA-1 than the enhanced standard care group. Although E-selectin and VCAM at 12 weeks were reduced in both groups, enhanced standard care had a significantly higher reduction than the Yoga-CaRe group. Among markers of oxidative stress, TAOC increased in the Yoga-CaRe group. We found no difference in eNOS, NOx, P-selectin, TNFα, CRP, and Oxd-LDL between the two groups. Conclusion Yoga-CaRe improved the endothelial function (through a reduction in ET-1 and modulating adhesion molecules) and enhanced antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Gurunathrao Patil
- Department of Physiology, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
- Department of Physiology, Shri B.M.Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Edmin Christa Sobitharaj
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
- Department of Clinical Trials, Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Shankar S. Patil
- Department of Medicine, Shri B.M.Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Kalpana Singh
- Department of Biostatistics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ruby Gupta
- Department of Lab, Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Kishore Kumar Deepak
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Jaryal
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sanjay Kinra
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ambuj Roy
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Department of Clinical Trials, Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
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Na Nongkhai MP, Huntula S, Kumar R, Narkkul U. Effects of an online yoga program on anthropometric parameters among overweight female students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10661. [PMID: 36127920 PMCID: PMC9477786 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is a public health concern. However, stay-at-home regulations to prevent disease spread increased sedentary behavior with unintended adverse outcomes. Overweight is a major global health issue, and standard treatments have a poor track record of long-term effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how online yoga affected participants who were overweight in terms of anthropometric measurements. The study, which was designed as a experimental study, enrolled sixty overweight adolescents. The participants were divided into two groups: a control group (n = 30) and an intervention group (n = 30) who performed an online yoga home exercise program comprising basic yoga practice with 15 poses and minimal rest periods on Monday Wednesday and Friday, from 5.00 to 5.45 pm for 12 weeks. The intensity of the exercise was 65–75 percent of maximum heart rate (MHR). Anthropometric parameters, including body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), body circumference measurements (BCM), and resting heart rate (RHR) were assessed. All parameters were measured at weeks 0, 8, and 12. Within group and between group comparisons were performed. The results revealed improved BW, BMI, BCM, and RHR in the intervention group; the median BW and BMI of the intervention group was significantly decreased at week 12, and the BCM of the intervention group showed a significant decrease in the chest, waist, hip, and thigh. This declining trend started from week 8. This 12-week online yoga program decreased BW, BMI, BCM, and RHR, which indicates that practicing yoga at home is effective on anthropometric parameters and may be an alternative therapy for health promotion and controlling body weight during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, an appropriate and continuous exercise program must be followed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Poomiphak Na Nongkhai
- Department of Sports Science and Exercise, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.,Movement Science and Exercise Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Soontaraporn Huntula
- Department of Sports Science and Exercise, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- University College of Physical Education, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Udomsak Narkkul
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.,Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
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Kalra S, Miraj M, Ajmera P, Shaik RA, Seyam MK, Shawky GM, Alasiry SM, Mohamed EH, Alasiri HM, Alzhrani M, Alanazi A, Alqahtani M, Shaikh AR, Al-Otaibi ML, Saleem S, Pal S, Jain V, Ahmad F. Effects of Yogic Interventions on Patients Diagnosed With Cardiac Diseases. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:942740. [PMID: 35990980 PMCID: PMC9386118 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.942740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Presently, evidence-based research studies on the efficacy of complimentary therapies like yoga for patients with different cardiac diseases are limited and conflicting. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on yogic interventions compared with usual care or non-pharmacological treatment in patients diagnosed with cardiac diseases. Methods We conducted an electronic search of literature published from 2006 to May 2021 through five databases. PRISMA statement was used to develop and report a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Sixteen RCTs were included in the systematic review and 11 RCTs were used for meta-analysis. Outcome measures were blood pressure, lipid profile, and psychosocial measures. The Cochrane collaboration tool was used to assess bias risk. Results The results show that yogic interventions resulted in significant reduction in systolic (d = 046; 95% CI.08–0.84; I2 = 81.86%) and diastolic blood pressures (d = 0.56; 95% CI.13–0.99, I2 = 84.84%). A medium statistically significant increase in HDL (d =0.67; 95% CI 0 to 1.33; I2 79.7%) and a low but significant effect on LDL (d = 0.23; 95% CI −0.08–0.54; I2 32.61%), total cholesterol (d =0.28; 95% CI −0.14–0.7; I2 63.72%), and triglycerides (d = 0.43; 95% CI −0.1–0.97; I2 76.64%) were observed. Pooled effect sizes showed a medium to low statistically significant effect on psychosocial indicators viz., QoL, stress, anxiety, and depression. Conclusion The meta-analysis found strong evidence of effectiveness of yogic interventions on lipid profile, blood pressure, and psychosocial outcomes in patients with diagnosed cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Kalra
- School of Physiotherapy, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Miraj
- Department of Physiotherapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Miraj
| | - Puneeta Ajmera
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Riyaz Ahamad Shaik
- Department of Community Medicine/Public Health, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed K. Seyam
- Department of Physiotherapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada M. Shawky
- Department of Physiotherapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharifa M. Alasiry
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed H. Mohamed
- Department of Physical Therapy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatim M. Alasiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Msaad Alzhrani
- Department of Physiotherapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alanazi
- Department of Physiotherapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Alqahtani
- Department of Physiotherapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Maarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Raheem Shaikh
- Department of Physiotherapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Lafi Al-Otaibi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Saleem
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjan Pal
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, SGT University, Gurugram, India
| | | | - Fuzail Ahmad
- Department of Physiotherapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
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Forseth B, Polfuss M, Brondino M, Hunter SD, Lawlor MW, Beatka MJ, Prom MJ, Eells J, Lyons JA. Adherence to and changes in mental and physiological health during an 8-week yoga intervention: A pilot study. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2022; 30:203-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Na Nongkhai MP, Yamprasert R, Punsawad C. Effects of Continuous Yoga on Body Composition in Obese Adolescents. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:6702767. [PMID: 34484400 PMCID: PMC8410386 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6702767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Overweight/obesity is a pressing international health concern, and conventional treatments demonstrate poor long-term efficacy. Several studies have shown that yoga can control risk factors for cardiovascular disease, obesity, and psychosocial stress. The present study aimed to assess the effect of continuous yoga (asanas, pranayama, and Surya Namaskar yoga) on body composition in overweight participants. Forty adolescents with obesity were enrolled in this study. The study was conceived as a prospective, single-center, single-blinded randomized controlled trial. The participants were divided into 2 groups: the intervention group (n = 20), which undertook a continuous yoga practice, and the control group (n = 20). Body composition, including body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM), and muscle mass, was evaluated using tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance (BIA). Our results showed that the mean BMI and BFM of the yoga intervention group were significantly decreased at week 8 and week 12. The muscle mass of the yoga group continued to improve at a rate of 0.515 per week, which was statistically significant. In conclusion, a continuous yoga practice had a tendency to decrease BMI and BFM and increase muscle mass. These findings demonstrate intervention effectiveness similar to that observed in other clinical research and indicate that continuous yoga practice may be used as an alternative therapy for obesity prevention and health promotion in adolescents with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Poomiphak Na Nongkhai
- Department of Sports Science and Exercise, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Rodsarin Yamprasert
- Division of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Chuchard Punsawad
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
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Rajput R, Yadav K, Rajput M, Yadav J, Saini N. Effect of Yoga on Glucose Control and Quality of Life in Patients of Prediabetes. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2021; 19:417-421. [PMID: 34037489 DOI: 10.1089/met.2020.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate effect of yoga on fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose, and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) and also on quality of life (QoL). Research Design and Methods: This was a cohort study in which 100 diagnosed cases of prediabetes were recruited for doing specific yoga, and they themselves act as control for the study. The measurement and comparison of FPG, prandial plasma glucose (PPG), and HbA1C were done at three different time intervals, that is, baseline, 3 months, and at 6 months. The assessment of QoL was done using SF-36 scale. Results: One hundred prediabetic cases were selected for the study in which impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was present more in younger population compared to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and IFG plus IGT both of which are more prevalent in middle age group. The yoga therapy was found to have favorable effect on FPG, PPG, and HbA1C along with various anthropometry measures studied in this study. After adjusting correlation coefficient for various anthropometry measures, yoga was found to be effective for controlling glycemic parameters in prediabetics. Conclusions: Yoga is a type of exercise known to improve glycemic control by changing anthropometry measures, but our study aids in knowledge about the beneficial effect beyond this known fact through other mechanisms yet to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Rajput
- General Medicine, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS Rohtak, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Karamvir Yadav
- General Medicine, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS Rohtak, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Meena Rajput
- General Medicine, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS Rohtak, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Jyoti Yadav
- General Medicine, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS Rohtak, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Neharika Saini
- General Medicine, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS Rohtak, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Effects of Buddhist walking meditation on exercise capacity and quality of life of patients with chronic heart failure: A randomized controlled trial. Heart Lung 2021; 50:363-368. [PMID: 33618146 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buddhist walking meditation (BWM) is widely practiced in many countries. However, there is a lack of evidence relating to its effectiveness for patients with heart failure (HF). PURPOSE To determine the effects of a six-week BWM program on exercise capacity, quality of life, and hemodynamic response in patients with chronic HF. METHODS Patients with HF were randomly assigned to a BWM program or an aerobic exercise program. Each group trained at least three times a week during the six-week study period. The outcome measures included exercise capacity (six-minute walk test), disease-specific quality of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire), and hemodynamic response (blood pressure and heart rate) immediately after the six weeks of training. RESULTS The study enrolled 48 patients with a mean age of 65 years and a New York Heart Association functional class of II and III. At baseline, there were no significant differences in their clinical and demographic characteristics or the outcome measures. Although six patients withdrew, all participants were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. There was no statistically significant increase in the functional capacity of the BWM group; however, there was a significant improvement for the aerobic group. With both groups, there was no significant improvement in quality of life or most hemodynamic responses. CONCLUSIONS The six-week BWM program did not improve the functional capacity, quality of life, or hemodynamic characteristics of the HF patients, compared with the values of the patients in the aerobic exercise program.
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Piña AA, Shadiow J, Tobi Fadeyi A, Chavez A, Hunter SD. The acute effects of vinyasa flow yoga on vascular function, lipid and glucose concentrations, and mood. Complement Ther Med 2020; 56:102585. [PMID: 33197660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While the chronic effects of certain styles of yoga on cardiometabolic factors have been investigated, little is known about the acute effects of a single yoga session on these outcomes. Moreover, vinyasa yoga's potential to modulate cardiometabolic outcomes has not been established. The purpose of this study is to determine the acute effects of a vinyasa yoga session on arterial stiffness, wave reflection, lipid and glucose concentrations, and mood in adults with prior yoga experience. Thirty yoga practitioners with a minimum of 3 months of practice experience were enrolled into the study. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), augmentation index (AIx), lipid profile, glucose concentrations, and mood (Positive and Negative Affect Scale) were assessed at baseline and immediately following a 1 -h vinyasa yoga session. After the yoga session, participants had significantly lower AIx (p < 0.001), non-HDL cholesterol (p < 0.05), and negative affect (p < 0.01) compared to baseline. These results highlight the efficacy of a single bout of yoga in altering wave reflection while improving mood and lipid concentrations in healthy adults with a history of yoga practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Piña
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Texas State University, Department of Health and Human Performance, San Marcos, TX, United States
| | - James Shadiow
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Texas State University, Department of Health and Human Performance, San Marcos, TX, United States
| | - A Tobi Fadeyi
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Texas State University, Department of Health and Human Performance, San Marcos, TX, United States
| | - Anabel Chavez
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Texas State University, Department of Health and Human Performance, San Marcos, TX, United States
| | - Stacy D Hunter
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Texas State University, Department of Health and Human Performance, San Marcos, TX, United States.
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Pascoe MC, Thompson DR, Ski CF. Meditation and Endocrine Health and Wellbeing. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:469-477. [PMID: 32037024 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Meditation is a popular practice for reducing stress and improving mental health and wellbeing. Its effects are mediated largely by the endocrine system, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and energy homeostasis. The limited evidence available indicates that changes associated with endocrine function following meditation correspond with improvements in mental health. However, this field of study is hampered by a lack of consensus as to definition and types of meditation and the mixed quality of reported studies. Moreover, the exact mechanisms by which meditation operates remain unclear and more robust studies are required to explore this by delineating the target populations, forms, dosages, and modes of delivery of meditation, comparison groups, and health experiences and outcomes used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela C Pascoe
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - David R Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Chantal F Ski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Role of yoga in the prevention and management of various cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors: A comprehensive scientific evidence-based review. Explore (NY) 2020; 16:257-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gorvine MM, Zaller ND, Hudson HK, Demers D, Kennedy LA. A naturalistic study of yoga, meditation, self-perceived stress, self-compassion, and mindfulness in college students. Health Psychol Behav Med 2019; 7:385-395. [PMID: 34040857 PMCID: PMC8114396 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2019.1688154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study compared the effects of yoga and mindfulness meditation on self-compassion, mindfulness, and perceived stress in college students; and explored mind–body mechanisms and predictors of stress reduction. Participants: Student participants (N = 92) were enrolled in either yoga or mindfulness meditation classes at a college in the southern United States from August through May of 2015–2016. Methods: Students participated in 50-minute classes twice a week for 10 weeks, completing self-report questionnaires during the 1st and 10th week. Results: Multiple-linear regression analysis found change in self-compassion was the strongest predictor of stress reduction. Conclusions: Increasing self-compassion may increase the efficacy of mind–body interventions. Research into mind–body mechanisms is needed to identify intervention components that most improve student well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Gorvine
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Nickolas D Zaller
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Heather K Hudson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, USA
| | - Denise Demers
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, USA
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Demographic, health behavior, and cardiometabolic risk factor profile in yoga and non-yoga participants: NHANES 1999–2006. Complement Ther Med 2019; 44:123-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Farahani PV, Hekmatpou D, Khonsari AH, Gholami M. Effectiveness of super brain yoga for children with hyperactivity disorder. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2019; 55:140-146. [PMID: 29427513 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed at determining the effectiveness of super brain yoga for children with hyperactivity disorder. DESIGN AND METHOD This quasiexperimental and interventional research was conducted on 80 school-age children through a pretest-posttest design. RESULTS Results showed that there was a significant difference between the means of severity of hyperactivity disorder before (75.1) and after the intervention (63.5) (p < .001). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Practicing super brain yoga reduced the symptoms of hyperactivity disorder among the school-age children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davood Hekmatpou
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran
| | | | - Mehran Gholami
- Valiasr Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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15
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Abstract
In addition to its role as an environmental stressor, scientists have recently demonstrated the potential for heat to be a therapy for improving or mitigating declines in arterial health. Many studies at both ends of the scientific controls spectrum (tightly controlled, experimental vs. practical) have demonstrated the beneficial effects of heating on microvascular function (e.g., reactive hyperemia, cutaneous vascular conductance); endothelial function (e.g., flow-mediated dilation); and arterial stiffness (e.g., pulse-wave velocity, compliance, β-stiffness index). It is important to note that findings of beneficial effects are not unanimous, likely owing to the varied methodology in both heating protocols and assessments of outcome measures. Mechanisms of action for the effects of both acute and chronic heating are also understudied. Heat science is a very promising area of human physiology research, as it has the potential to contribute to approaches addressing the global cardiovascular disease burden, particularly in aging and at risk populations, and those for whom exercise is not feasible or recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jem L Cheng
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
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Abstract
Background: Complementary and alternative medicine is a rapidly growing area of biomedical inquiry. Yoga has emerged in the forefront of holistic medical care due to its long history of linking physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. Research in yoga therapy (YT) has associated improved cardiovascular and quality of life (QoL) outcomes for the special needs of heart failure (HF) patients. Aim: The aim of this study is to review yoga intervention studies on HF patients, discuss proposed mechanisms, and examine yoga's effect on physiological systems that have potential benefits for HF patients. Second, to recommend future research directions to find the most effective delivery methods of yoga to medically stable HF patients. Methods: The authors conducted a systematic review of the medical literature for RCTs involving HF patients as participants in yoga interventions and for studies utilizing mechanistic theories of stretch and new technologies. We examined physical intensity, mechanistic theories, and the use of the latest technologies. Conclusions: Based on the review, there is a need to further explore yoga mechanisms and research options for the delivery of YT. Software apps as exergames developed for use at home and community activity centers may minimize health disparities and increase QoL for HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R Pullen
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Georgia, Oakwood, GA, USA
| | | | - Walter R Thompson
- College of Education and Human Development at Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Levine GN, Lange RA, Bairey-Merz CN, Davidson RJ, Jamerson K, Mehta PK, Michos ED, Norris K, Ray IB, Saban KL, Shah T, Stein R, Smith SC. Meditation and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e002218. [PMID: 28963100 PMCID: PMC5721815 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.002218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous advances in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Novel and inexpensive interventions that can contribute to the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease are of interest. Numerous studies have reported on the benefits of meditation. Meditation instruction and practice is widely accessible and inexpensive and may thus be a potential attractive cost-effective adjunct to more traditional medical therapies. Accordingly, this American Heart Association scientific statement systematically reviewed the data on the potential benefits of meditation on cardiovascular risk. Neurophysiological and neuroanatomical studies demonstrate that meditation can have long-standing effects on the brain, which provide some biological plausibility for beneficial consequences on the physiological basal state and on cardiovascular risk. Studies of the effects of meditation on cardiovascular risk have included those investigating physiological response to stress, smoking cessation, blood pressure reduction, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, endothelial function, inducible myocardial ischemia, and primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Overall, studies of meditation suggest a possible benefit on cardiovascular risk, although the overall quality and, in some cases, quantity of study data are modest. Given the low costs and low risks of this intervention, meditation may be considered as an adjunct to guideline-directed cardiovascular risk reduction by those interested in this lifestyle modification, with the understanding that the benefits of such intervention remain to be better established. Further research on meditation and cardiovascular risk is warranted. Such studies, to the degree possible, should utilize randomized study design, be adequately powered to meet the primary study outcome, strive to achieve low drop-out rates, include long-term follow-up, and be performed by those without inherent bias in outcome.
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18
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Cardiac autonomic function and vasomotor symptoms: too much break and not enough accelerator? Menopause 2017; 24:719-721. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Lauche R, Langhorst J, Lee MS, Dobos G, Cramer H. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of yoga on weight-related outcomes. Prev Med 2016; 87:213-232. [PMID: 27058944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Overweight and obesity are among the most important modifiable risk factors for chronic diseases and premature death. The aim of this review was to systematically assess and analyze the effects of yoga on weight-related outcomes. METHODS Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were screened through March 2015 for randomized controlled trials on yoga for weight-related outcomes in the general population or overweight/obese individuals. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool on the following domains: selection bias, performance bias, detection bias, attrition bias, reporting bias, and other bias. RESULTS Out of 445 records identified during literature search, 30 trials with a total of 2173 participants were included. No effects on weight, body mass index, body fat percentage or waist circumference were found. In studies with healthy adult participants an effect of yoga compared to usual care was found regarding waist/hip ratio (SMD=--1.00; 95% CI=--1.44, -0.55; p<0.001). In studies with overweight/obese participants only, effects relative to usual care were found for body mass index (SMD=-0.99; 95% CI=-1.67, -0.31; p=0.004). Effects however were not robust against selection bias; and publication bias could not be ruled out. No intervention-related adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS Despite methodological drawbacks, yoga can be preliminarily considered a safe and effective intervention to reduce body mass index in overweight or obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Lauche
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jost Langhorst
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Myeong Soo Lee
- Medical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Gustav Dobos
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Holger Cramer
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Protein-Pacing and Multi-Component Exercise Training Improves Physical Performance Outcomes in Exercise-Trained Women: The PRISE 3 Study. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8060332. [PMID: 27258301 PMCID: PMC4924173 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial cardiometabolic and body composition effects of combined protein-pacing (P; 5-6 meals/day at 2.0 g/kg BW/day) and multi-mode exercise (resistance, interval, stretching, endurance; RISE) training (PRISE) in obese adults has previously been established. The current study examines PRISE on physical performance (endurance, strength and power) outcomes in healthy, physically active women. Thirty exercise-trained women (>4 days exercise/week) were randomized to either PRISE (n = 15) or a control (CON, 5-6 meals/day at 1.0 g/kg BW/day; n = 15) for 12 weeks. Muscular strength (1-RM bench press, 1-RM BP) endurance (sit-ups, SUs; push-ups, PUs), power (bench throws, BTs), blood pressure (BP), augmentation index, (AIx), and abdominal fat mass were assessed at Weeks 0 (pre) and 13 (post). At baseline, no differences existed between groups. Following the 12-week intervention, PRISE had greater gains (p < 0.05) in SUs, PUs (6 ± 7 vs. 10 ± 7, 40%; 8 ± 13 vs. 14 ± 12, 43% ∆reps, respectively), BTs (11 ± 35 vs. 44 ± 34, 75% ∆watts), AIx (1 ± 9 vs. -5 ± 11, 120%), and DBP (-5 ± 9 vs. -11 ± 11, 55% ∆mmHg). These findings suggest that combined protein-pacing (P; 5-6 meals/day at 2.0 g/kg BW/day) diet and multi-component exercise (RISE) training (PRISE) enhances muscular endurance, strength, power, and cardiovascular health in exercise-trained, active women.
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Mawar N, Katendra T, Bagul R, Bembalkar S, Vedamurthachar A, Tripathy S, Srinivas K, Mandar K, Kumar N, Gupte N, Paranjape RS. Sudarshan Kriya yoga improves quality of life in healthy people living with HIV (PLHIV): results from an open label randomized clinical trial. Indian J Med Res 2016; 141:90-9. [PMID: 25857500 PMCID: PMC4405947 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.154509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Improving quality of life (QOL) of healthy people living with HIV (PLHIV) is critical needing home-based, long-term strategy. Sudarshan Kriya yoga (SKY) intervention is acknowledged for its positive impact on health. It is hypothesised that SKY would improve PLHIV's QOL, justifying an evaluation. Methods: In this open label randomized controlled pilot trial, 61 adult PLHIV with CD4 count more than 400 cells/µl and Karnofsky scale score above 70 were enrolled. Those with cardiac disease, jaundice, tuberculosis, or on antiretroviral therapy/yoga intervention were excluded. All were given standard care, randomized to SKY intervention (31: I-SKY) and only standard of care in control (30: O-SOC) arms. The I-SKY participants were trained for six days to prepare for daily practice of SKY at home for 30 min. A validated 31-item WHOQOL-HIVBREF questionnaire was used to document effect in both arms from baseline to three visits at 4 wk interval. Results: Baseline QOL scores, hypertension and CD4 count were similar in both arms. An overall 6 per cent improvement of QOL scores was observed in I-SKY group as compared to O-SOC group, after controlling for baseline variables like age, gender, education and occupation (P =0.016); 12 per cent for physical (P =0.004), 11 per cent psychological (P =0.023) and 9 per cent level of independence (P =0.001) domains. Improvement in I-SKY observed at post-training and in the SKY adherence group showed increase in these two domains. Conclusions: A significant improvement in QOL scores was observed for the three health related QOL domains in SKY intervention arm. This low cost strategy improved physical and psychological state of PLHIV calling for upscaling with effective monitoring for sustainability of quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mawar
- National AIDS Research Institute (ICMR), Pune, India
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Lifestyle Therapy as Medicine for the Treatment of Obesity. LIFESTYLE MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24687-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Hewett ZL, Cheema BS, Pumpa KL, Smith CA. The Effects of Bikram Yoga on Health: Critical Review and Clinical Trial Recommendations. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:428427. [PMID: 26504475 PMCID: PMC4609431 DOI: 10.1155/2015/428427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bikram yoga is a style of hatha yoga involving a standarized series of asanas performed to an instructional dialogue in a heated environment (40.6°C, 40% humidity). Several studies evaluating the effect of Bikram yoga on health-related outcomes have been published over the past decade. However, to date, there are no comprehensive reviews of this research and there remains a lack of large-scale, robustly-designed randomised controlled trials (RCT) of Bikram yoga training. The purpose of this review is to contextualise and summarise trials that have evaluated the effects of Bikram yoga on health and to provide recommendations for future research. According to published literature, Bikram yoga has been shown to improve lower body strength, lower and upper body range of motion, and balance in healthy adults. Non-RCTs report that Bikram yoga may, in some populations, improve glucose tolerance, bone mineral density, blood lipid profile, arterial stiffness, mindfulness, and perceived stress. There is vast potential for further, improved research into the effects of Bikram yoga, particularly in unhealthy populations, to better understand intervention-related adaptations and their influence on the progression of chronic disease. Future research should adhere to CONSORT guidelines for better design and reporting to improve research quality in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe L. Hewett
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Birinder S. Cheema
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- The National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Kate L. Pumpa
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Caroline A. Smith
- The National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
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Patil SG, Aithala MR, Das KK. Effect of yoga on arterial stiffness in elderly subjects with increased pulse pressure: A randomized controlled study. Complement Ther Med 2015; 23:562-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Lee DH, Park HY, Lee US, Lee KJ, Noh EC, Jang JH, Kang DH. The effects of brain wave vibration on oxidative stress response and psychological symptoms. Compr Psychiatry 2015; 60:99-104. [PMID: 25842193 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain Wave Vibration (BWV) training is a simple healing practice, a kind of Mind Body Training. This study was designed to investigate the psycho-endocrine differences between BMV practitioners and naïve controls. METHODS The experimental group included 54 individuals who had participated in BWV. The control group included 58 subjects who had not participated in formal BWV. Levels of plasma NO, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured, and the modified form of the Stress Response Inventory (SRI-MF), the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered. RESULTS The BWV group demonstrated significantly higher plasma NO levels (p=0.003), and levels of ROS and SOD did not differ between the two groups. The BWV group showed lower scores in BDI (p=0.009), BAI (p=0.009) and stress level (p<0.001) and higher scores on positive affect (p=0.023) compared with the control group. NO levels were associated with increased positive affect (p = 0.024) only in BWV subjects. CONCLUSION BWV may increase NO, a relaxation-related factor, possibly by improving emotional state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hyeong Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Yoon Park
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ul Soon Lee
- Global Cyber University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jun Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Chung Noh
- Interdisciplinary Program of Neuroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hwan Jang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Effects of a 12-Week Hatha Yoga Intervention on Cardiorespiratory Endurance, Muscular Strength and Endurance, and Flexibility in Hong Kong Chinese Adults: A Controlled Clinical Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:958727. [PMID: 26167196 PMCID: PMC4475706 DOI: 10.1155/2015/958727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To examine the effects of a 12-week Hatha yoga intervention on cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength and endurance, and flexibility in Chinese adults. Methods. 173 adults (aged 52.0 ± 7.5 years) were assigned to either the yoga intervention group (n = 87) or the waitlist control group (n = 86). 19 dropped out from the study. Primary outcomes were changes in cardiorespiratory endurance (resting heart rate (HR) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max)), muscular strength and endurance (curl-up and push-up tests), and lower back and hamstring flexibility (the modified back-saver sit-and-reach (MBS) test). Results. Compared to controls, the yoga group achieved significant improvements in VO2max (P < 0.01), curl-up (P < 0.05) and push-up (P < 0.001) tests, and the MBS left and right leg tests (both P < 0.001) in both genders. Significant change was also found for resting HR between groups in women (P < 0.05) but not in men. Further analysis comparing participants between younger and older subgroups yielded similar findings, except that the older participants in the yoga group failed to improve resting HR or the curl-up test versus control. Adherence (89%) and attendance (94%) were high. No serious adverse events occurred. Conclusion. A 12-week Hatha yoga intervention has favorable effects on cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength and endurance, and flexibility in Chinese adults.
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Colvin MM, Cook JL, Chang P, Francis G, Hsu DT, Kiernan MS, Kobashigawa JA, Lindenfeld J, Masri SC, Miller D, O'Connell J, Rodriguez ER, Rosengard B, Self S, White-Williams C, Zeevi A. Antibody-mediated rejection in cardiac transplantation: emerging knowledge in diagnosis and management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2015; 131:1608-39. [PMID: 25838326 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Agarwal RP, Kumar A, Lewis JE. A pilot feasibility and acceptability study of yoga/meditation on the quality of life and markers of stress in persons living with HIV who also use crack cocaine. J Altern Complement Med 2015; 21:152-8. [PMID: 25695849 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2014.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons living with HIV (PLWH) who also use crack cocaine may have stressful, chaotic lives and typically do not engage in standard medical care that addresses a multitude of extenuating life circumstances. Yoga/meditation (YM) improves quality of life (QOL) and biomarkers of stress, but the effect of this intervention is almost unknown in PLWH, particularly those who use crack cocaine. OBJECTIVES This pilot study sought to compare the feasibility and acceptability of 60-minute, twice-per-week sessions of YM for 2 months with those of no-contact control and to evaluate the effects of the intervention on QOL (according to the Short Form-36, Perceived Stress Scale [PSS], and Impact of Events Scale [IES]) and salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) among PLWH who use crack cocaine. DESIGN Participants were randomly assigned to YM or no-contact control and were assessed at baseline, 2 months after the intervention, and 4 months' follow-up. RESULTS The YM program was acceptable and feasible, with high overall attendance (89%) and individual participation in yoga sessions (83%). YM participants showed modest improvements on QOL. The PSS total score and the IES intrusion score improved significantly 2 months after the intervention, but cortisol and DHEA-S did not change. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study showed a high level of feasibility and acceptability and modest effects on measures of QOL among PLWH who use crack cocaine. The results suggest utility of YM as a simple, safe, and inexpensive format to improve QOL in a population that has many medical difficulties and extenuating stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram P Agarwal
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, FL
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Dal Lin C, Tona F, Osto E. Coronary Microvascular Function and Beyond: The Crosstalk between Hormones, Cytokines, and Neurotransmitters. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:312848. [PMID: 26124827 PMCID: PMC4466475 DOI: 10.1155/2015/312848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond its hemodynamic function, the heart also acts as a neuroendocrine and immunoregulatory organ. A dynamic communication between the heart and other organs takes place constantly to maintain cardiovascular homeostasis. The current understanding highlights the importance of the endocrine, immune, and nervous factors to fine-tune the crosstalk of the cardiovascular system with the entire body. Once disrupted, this complex interorgan communication may promote the onset and the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, expanding our knowledge on how these factors influence the cardiovascular system can lead to novel therapeutic strategies to improve patient care. In the present paper, we review novel concepts on the role of endocrine, immune, and nervous factors in the modulation of microvascular coronary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Dal Lin
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Tona
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Osto
- Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- *Elena Osto:
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Yeung A, Kiat H, Denniss AR, Cheema BS, Bensoussan A, Machliss B, Colagiuri B, Chang D. Randomised controlled trial of a 12 week yoga intervention on negative affective states, cardiovascular and cognitive function in post-cardiac rehabilitation patients. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:411. [PMID: 25342209 PMCID: PMC4218996 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative affective states such as anxiety, depression and stress are significant risk factors for cardiovascular disease, particularly in cardiac and post-cardiac rehabilitation populations.Yoga is a balanced practice of physical exercise, breathing control and meditation that can reduce psychosocial symptoms as well as improve cardiovascular and cognitive function. It has the potential to positively affect multiple disease pathways and may prove to be a practical adjunct to cardiac rehabilitation in further reducing cardiac risk factors as well as improving self-efficacy and post-cardiac rehabilitation adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviours. METHOD AND DESIGN This is a parallel arm, multi-centre, randomised controlled trial that will assess the outcomes of post- phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation patients assigned to a yoga intervention in comparison to a no-treatment wait-list control group. Participants randomised to the yoga group will engage in a 12 week yoga program comprising of two group based sessions and one self-administered home session each week. Group based sessions will be led by an experienced yoga instructor. This will involve teaching beginner students a hatha yoga sequence that incorporates asana (poses and postures), pranayama (breathing control) and meditation. The primary outcomes of this study are negative affective states of anxiety, depression and stress assessed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Secondary outcomes include measures of quality of life, and cardiovascular and cognitive function. The cardiovascular outcomes will include blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, pulse wave velocity, carotid intima media thickness measurements, lipid/glucose profiles and C-reactive protein assays. Assessments will be conducted prior to (week 0), mid-way through (week 6) and following the intervention period (week 12) as well as at a four week follow-up (week 16). DISCUSSION This study will determine the effect of yoga practice on negative affective states, cardiovascular and cognitive function in post-phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation patients. The findings may provide evidence to incorporate yoga into standardised cardiac rehabilitation programs as a practical adjunct to improve the management of psychosocial symptoms associated with cardiovascular events in addition to improving patients' cognitive and cardiovascular functions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12612000358842.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Yeung
- />National Institute of Complementary Medicine, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Hosen Kiat
- />Cardiac Health Institute, Eastwood, Australia
| | - A Robert Denniss
- />Departments of Cardiology, Westmead and Blacktown Hospitals, Sydney, Australia
| | - Birinder S Cheema
- />National Institute of Complementary Medicine, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Alan Bensoussan
- />National Institute of Complementary Medicine, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | | | - Ben Colagiuri
- />School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- />National Institute of Complementary Medicine, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
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Younge JO, Gotink RA, Baena CP, Roos-Hesselink JW, Hunink MGM. Mind-body practices for patients with cardiac disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2014; 22:1385-98. [PMID: 25227551 DOI: 10.1177/2047487314549927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to new treatment modalities in the last decades, a decline in cardiovascular deaths has been observed. There is an emerging field of secondary prevention and behavioural programmes with increased interest in the use of mind-body practices. Until now, these have not been established in cardiovascular disease treatment programmes. DESIGN We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available evidence on the effectiveness of mind-body practices for patients with diagnosed cardiac disease. METHODS We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), published in English, reporting mind-body practices for patients with diagnosed cardiac disease. EMBASE, MEDLINE, Pubmed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and PsycINFO were searched up to July 2013. Two reviewers independently identified studies for inclusion and extracted data on study characteristics, outcomes (Quality of Life, anxiety, depression, physical parameters and exercise tolerance) and quality assessment. Standardized effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated comparing the outcomes between the intervention and control group and random effects meta-analysis was conducted. RESULTS We identified 11 unique RCTs with an overall low quality. The studies evaluated mindfulness-based stress reduction, transcendental meditation, progressive muscle relaxation and stress management. Pooled analyses revealed effect sizes of 0.45 (95%CI 0.20-0.72) for physical quality of life, 0.68 (95%CI 0.10-1.26) for mental quality of life, 0.61 (95%CI 0.23-0.99) for depression, 0.52 (95%CI 0.26-0.78) for anxiety, 0.48 (95%CI 0.27-0.69) for systolic blood pressure and 0.36 (95%CI 0.15-0.57) for diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS Mind-body practices have encouraging results for patients with cardiac disease. Our review demonstrates the need for high-quality studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Younge
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rinske A Gotink
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cristina P Baena
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - M G Myriam Hunink
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Kumar A, Archana E, Pai A, Nayak G, Shenoy RP, Rao A. Serum mineral status and climacteric symptoms in perimenopausal women before and after Yoga therapy, an ongoing study. J Midlife Health 2014; 4:225-9. [PMID: 24381464 PMCID: PMC3872669 DOI: 10.4103/0976-7800.122251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many women report an increased level of anxiety, irritability and mood swings during their perimenopausal state. Studies show that physically active people can reduce their anxiety and depression by practicing yoga. Serum minerals such as calcium, copper and magnesium and the ferro-oxidase, ceruloplasmin play an important role in the body during the perimenopausal period. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to assess the serum mineral status, anthropometric parameters and climacteric symptoms in perimenopausal women before and after yoga intervention. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 30 subjects with perimenopausal symptoms, aged between 40 and 60 years (49.43 ± 6.15) were included in the study. Yoga intervention was given on a daily basis (45 min duration) for 12 weeks. The climacteric symptoms were assessed by Greene's climacteric scale and biochemical parameters were analyzed spectrophotometrically. RESULTS A significant decrease in the waist hip ratio (P < 0.036) and body mass index (P < 0.036) was observed after yoga intervention. Systolic (P < 0.064) and diastolic (P < 0.082) blood pressure (BP) showed marginal decrease after yoga therapy. Climacteric symptoms improved significantly (P < 0.001) after yoga intervention. A significant increase (P < 0.001) in serum calcium and copper and a marked decrease in serum magnesium (P < 0.05) and ceruloplasmin (P < 0.028) levels was observed, post yoga therapy. Serum magnesium negatively correlated (r = -0.467, P < 0.035) with systolic BP after yoga intervention. CONCLUSION The overall changes observed in the mineral status and climacteric symptoms suggest that yoga therapy protocol can be effectively used to improve the quality of life in perimenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - E Archana
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Akshatha Pai
- Department of Biochemistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Gayathry Nayak
- Department of Yoga, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Revathi P Shenoy
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anjali Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Rani M, Singh U, Agrawal GG, Natu SM, Kala S, Ghildiyal A, Srivastava N. Impact of Yoga Nidra on menstrual abnormalities in females of reproductive age. J Altern Complement Med 2013; 19:925-9. [PMID: 23647406 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2010.0676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to observe the effect of Yoga Nidra practice on hormone levels in patients who had menstrual irregularities. DESIGN The study was a randomized controlled trial. SETTINGS/LOCATION The study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Chhatrapati Sahuji Maharaj Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India. SUBJECTS were divided randomly into 2 groups-an intervention and a control group, with 75 subjects in each group. Of these subjects, 126 completed the study protocol. SUBJECTS This study involved 150 subjects with menstrual irregularities; 126 of whom completed the protocol. INTERVENTIONS The intervention was the practice of Yoga Nidra. The yogic intervention duration was 35-40 minutes/day, five times/week for 6 months. An estimation of hormonal profile was done for both groups at baseline and after 6 months. RESULTS Thyroid-stimulating hormone (p<0.002), follicle-stimulating hormone (p<0.02), luteinizing hormone (p<0.001), and prolactin (p<0.02) were decreased significantly in the intervention group, compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated the efficacy of Yoga Nidra on hormone profiles in patients with menstrual irregularities. Yoga Nidra practice was helpful in patients with hormone imbalances, such as dysmenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, and hypomenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rani
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chhatrapati Sahuji Maharaj Medical University , Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
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Middleton KR, Ward MM, Haaz S, Velummylum S, Fike A, Acevedo AT, Tataw-Ayuketah G, Dietz L, Mittleman BB, Wallen GR. A pilot study of yoga as self-care for arthritis in minority communities. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2013; 11:55. [PMID: 23548052 PMCID: PMC3637098 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-11-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While arthritis is the most common cause of disability, non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics experience worse arthritis impact despite having the same or lower prevalence of arthritis compared to non-Hispanic whites. People with arthritis who exercise regularly have less pain, more energy, and improved sleep, yet arthritis is one of the most common reasons for limiting physical activity. Mind-body interventions, such as yoga, that teach stress management along with physical activity may be well suited for investigation in both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Yoga users are predominantly white, female, and college educated. There are few studies that examine yoga in minority populations; none address arthritis. This paper presents a study protocol examining the feasibility and acceptability of providing yoga to an urban, minority population with arthritis. METHODS/DESIGN In this ongoing pilot study, a convenience sample of 20 minority adults diagnosed with either osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis undergo an 8-week program of yoga classes. It is believed that by attending yoga classes designed for patients with arthritis, with racially concordant instructors; acceptability of yoga as an adjunct to standard arthritis treatment and self-care will be enhanced. Self-care is defined as adopting behaviors that improve physical and mental well-being. This concept is quantified through collecting patient-reported outcome measures related to spiritual growth, health responsibility, interpersonal relations, and stress management. Additional measures collected during this study include: physical function, anxiety/depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, social roles, and pain; as well as baseline demographic and clinical data. Field notes, quantitative and qualitative data regarding feasibility and acceptability are also collected. Acceptability is determined by response/retention rates, positive qualitative data, and continuing yoga practice after three months. DISCUSSION There are a number of challenges in recruiting and retaining participants from a community clinic serving minority populations. Adopting behaviors that improve well-being and quality of life include those that integrate mental health (mind) and physical health (body). Few studies have examined offering integrative modalities to this population. This pilot was undertaken to quantify measures of feasibility and acceptability that will be useful when evaluating future plans for expanding the study of yoga in urban, minority populations with arthritis. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01617421.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Middleton
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Nursing Department, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael M Ward
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, 31 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Sinthujah Velummylum
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Nursing Department, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alice Fike
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, 31 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ana T Acevedo
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Rehabilitation Medicine, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gladys Tataw-Ayuketah
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Nursing Department, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura Dietz
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Rehabilitation Medicine, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barbara B Mittleman
- National Institutes of Health, Office of Science Policy, Office of the Director, Building 1, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gwenyth R Wallen
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Nursing Department, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Miller MC. Complementary and integrative treatments: expanding the continuum of care. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2013; 46:261-76. [PMID: 23764808 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article is an introduction to the concepts of complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine. It discusses the scope and prevalence of complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) use among otolaryngology patients. Specific types of CIM are characterized in the context of their origins, philosophic and historical bases, scientific evidence, and applicability to the practice of otolaryngology. The author's intent is to provide a framework for discussing CIM with patients and integrating it into treatment paradigms in an evidence-based manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Miller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Hunter SD, Tarumi T, Dhindsa MS, Nualnim N, Tanaka H. Hatha yoga and vascular function: results from cross-sectional and interventional studies. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2012; 17:322-7. [PMID: 23768276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hatha yoga on arterial elasticity and endothelial function. First, a cross-sectional study was performed to determine whether yoga practitioners would demonstrate greater arterial compliance and endothelium-dependent vasodilation than their sedentary peers. Second, an intervention study involving 13 sedentary middle-aged and older adults (51 ± 7 years) was performed to determine whether 12 weeks of hatha yoga would elicit increases in arterial compliance and endothelial function. In the cross-sectional study involving a total of 34 subjects, there were no group differences in body fatness, blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, carotid artery compliance or brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Hemoglobin A1c was lower in yoga practitioners than in sedentary adults (P < 0.05). Total cholesterol and hemoglobin A1c decreased after the intervention (P < 0.05) while carotid artery compliance and brachial artery FMD did not change. The results of both cross-sectional and interventional studies indicate that regular practice of hatha yoga is not associated with improvements in vascular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy D Hunter
- Cardiovascular Aging Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Patil N, Nagaratna R, Garner C, Raghuram N, Crisan R. Effect of integrated Yoga on neurogenic bladder dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis—A prospective observational case series. Complement Ther Med 2012; 20:424-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Mizuno J, Monteiro HL. An assessment of a sequence of yoga exercises to patients with arterial hypertension. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2012; 17:35-41. [PMID: 23294681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This quasi-experimental study describes the effects of a yoga sequence following hemodynamic and biochemical parameters in patients with hypertension. Thirty-three volunteers participated in the study (control = 16 and yoga = 17) for four months. Blood pressure measurements, cardiac and respiratory rate were collected monthly, while the biochemical profile was taken at the beginning and end of the program. To analyze the data, Student's t test and repeated measures analyses were performed. The yoga group showed a significant reduction of systolic blood pressure, heart and respiratory rate (p < 0.05). As for the biochemical profile, the yoga group showed correlation coefficients between initial values and final responses greater than the control of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. The elaborated sequence practice promoted significant cardiovascular and metabolic benefits. The yoga exercises performed in the proposed sequence constitute complementary non-pharmacological control of blood pressure in patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Mizuno
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Biosciences, Rio Claro, São Paulo State University, Av. 24A, No. 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Balaji PA, Varne SR, Ali SS. Physiological effects of yogic practices and transcendental meditation in health and disease. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2012; 4:442-8. [PMID: 23112963 PMCID: PMC3482773 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.101980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Yoga is an ancient Indian way of life, which includes changes in mental attitude, diet, and the practice of specific techniques such as yoga asanas (postures), breathing practices (pranayamas), and meditation to attain the highest level of consciousness. Since a decade, there has been a surge in the research on yoga, but we do find very few reviews regarding yogic practices and transcendental meditation (TM) in health and disease. Keeping this in view, a Medline search was done to review relevant articles in English literature on evaluation of physiological effects of yogic practices and TM. Data were constructed; issues were reviewed and found that there were considerable health benefits, including improved cognition, respiration, reduced cardiovascular risk, body mass index, blood pressure, and diabetes. Yoga also influenced immunity and ameliorated joint disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Balaji
- Department of Physiology, Dr. B R Ambedkar Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Yang K. A review of yoga programs for four leading risk factors of chronic diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 4:487-91. [PMID: 18227916 PMCID: PMC2176145 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nem154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Yoga, a form of physical activity, is rapidly gaining in popularity and has many health benefits. Yet healthcare providers have been slow to recognize yoga for its ability to improve health conditions, and few interventions have been developed that take full advantage of its benefits. The purpose of this article is to review published studies using yoga programs and to determine the effect of yoga interventions on common risk factors of chronic diseases (overweight, hypertension, high glucose level and high cholesterol). A systematic search yielded 32 articles published between 1980 and April 2007. The studies found that yoga interventions are generally effective in reducing body weight, blood pressure, glucose level and high cholesterol, but only a few studies examined long-term adherence. Additionally, not enough studies included diverse populations at high risk for diabetes and its related common health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongra Yang
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Frequency of yoga practice predicts health: results of a national survey of yoga practitioners. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:983258. [PMID: 22927885 PMCID: PMC3425136 DOI: 10.1155/2012/983258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background. Yoga shows promise as a therapeutic intervention, but relationships between yoga practice and health are underexplored.
Purpose. To examine the relationship between yoga practice and health (subjective well-being, diet, BMI, smoking, alcohol/caffeine consumption, sleep, fatigue, social support, mindfulness, and physical activity). Methods. Cross-sectional, anonymous internet surveys distributed to 4307 randomly selected from 18,160 individuals at 15 US Iyengar yoga studios; 1045 (24.3%) surveys completed. Results. Mean age 51.7 (± 11.7)
years; 84.2% female. Frequency of home practice favorably predicted (P < .001): mindfulness, subjective well-being, BMI, fruit and vegetable consumption, vegetarian status, sleep, and fatigue. Each component of yoga practice (different categories of physical poses, breath work, meditation, philosophy study) predicted at least 1 health outcome (P < .05). Conclusions. Home practice of yoga predicted health better than years of practice or class frequency. Different physical poses and yoga techniques may have unique health benefits.
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Yachoui R, Kolasinski SL. Complementary and alternative medicine for rheumatic diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/ahe.12.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Complementary and alternative medicine includes a heterogeneous spectrum of approaches to health and wellness, in addition to disease treatment, which span ancient to new-age modalities. Over the last 5 years, there has been a substantial increase in the use of specific complementary and alternative medicine therapies, particularly mind–body interventions. Patients with rheumatic diseases and musculoskeletal conditions such as osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis may suffer not only from the physical manifestations of illness, but also from the nutritional, emotional, social and spiritual context in which their illness arises. The majority of these patients seek adjunctive care outside the medical mainstream. This article provides an evidence-based assessment of the therapeutic benefits of some mind–body interventions for several of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Yachoui
- Division of Rheumatology, Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Education & Research Building, Second Floor, 401 Haddon Avenue, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Sharon L Kolasinski
- Division of Rheumatology, Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Education & Research Building, Second Floor, 401 Haddon Avenue, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
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Toda N, Nakanishi-Toda M. How mental stress affects endothelial function. Pflugers Arch 2011; 462:779-94. [PMID: 21947555 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-011-1022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mental stress is an important factor contributing to recognized mechanisms underlying cardiovascular events. Among these, stress-related endothelial dysfunction is an early risk factor that predicts future development of severe cardiovascular disorders. Acute mental stress by a variety of tests impairs endothelial function in humans, although the opposite results have been reported by some investigators. Chronic stress always deteriorates endothelial function in humans and experimental animals. Stress hormones, such as glucocorticoids and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and endothelin-1 liberated in response to mental stress participate in endothelial dysfunction possibly via downregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, eNOS inactivation, decreased nitric oxide (NO) actions, and increased NO degradation, together with vasoconstriction counteracting against NO-induced vasodilatation. Catecholamines do not directly affect endothelial function but impair its function when blood pressure elevation by the amines is sustained. Endogenous opioids favorably affect endothelial function, which counteract deteriorating effects of other stress hormones and mediators. Inhibition of cortisol and endothelin-1 production, prevention of pro-inflammatory mediator accumulation, hypnotics, mirthful laughter, humor orientation, and lifestyle modification would contribute to the prevention and treatment for stress-related endothelial dysfunction and future serious cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Toda
- Toyama Institute for Cardiovascular Pharmacology Research, 7-13, 1-Chome, Azuchi-machi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0052, Japan.
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Pal A, Srivastava N, Tiwari S, Verma N, Narain V, Agrawal G, Natu S, Kumar K. Effect of yogic practices on lipid profile and body fat composition in patients of coronary artery disease. Complement Ther Med 2011; 19:122-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2009] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Pullen PR, Thompson WR, Benardot D, Brandon LJ, Mehta PK, Rifai L, Vadnais DS, Parrott JM, Khan BV. Benefits of yoga for African American heart failure patients. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011; 42:651-7. [PMID: 19952833 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181bf24c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of African American (AA) patients living with heart failure (HF) has been increasing, especially among the economically disadvantaged. Yoga therapy has been found to improve physical and psychological parameters among healthy individuals, but its effect in patients with HF remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of yoga therapy on cardiovascular endurance (VO2peak), flexibility, quality of life (QoL), and inflammatory markers on medically stable HF patients. METHODS Forty patients (38 AA, 1 Asian, and 1 Caucasian) with systolic or diastolic HF were randomized to the yoga group (YG, n = 21) or the control group (CG, n = 19). All patients were asked to follow a home walk program. Premeasurement and postmeasurement included a treadmill stress test to peak exertion, flexibility, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD). QoL was assessed by the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLwHFQ). RESULTS The statistical analyses (assessed by ANOVA and t-tests) were significant for favorable changes in the YG, compared with those in the CG, for flexibility (P = 0.012), treadmill time (P = 0.002), VO2peak (P = 0.003), and the biomarkers (IL-6, P = 0.004; CRP, P = 0.016; and EC-SOD, P = 0.012). Within the YG, pretest to posttest scores for the total (P = 0.02) and physical subscales (P < 0.001) of the MLwHFQ were improved. CONCLUSIONS Yoga therapy offered additional benefits to the standard medical care of predominantly AA HF patients by improving cardiovascular endurance, QoL, inflammatory markers, and flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R Pullen
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Cohen DL, Bloedon LT, Rothman RL, Farrar JT, Galantino ML, Volger S, Mayor C, Szapary PO, Townsend RR. Iyengar Yoga versus Enhanced Usual Care on Blood Pressure in Patients with Prehypertension to Stage I Hypertension: a Randomized Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:546428. [PMID: 19734256 PMCID: PMC3145370 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of prehypertension and Stage 1 hypertension continues to increase despite being amenable to non-pharmacologic interventions. Iyengar yoga (IY) has been purported to reduce blood pressure (BP) though evidence from randomized trials is lacking. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of 12 weeks of IY versus enhanced usual care (EUC) (based on individual dietary adjustment) on 24-h ambulatory BP in yoga-naïve adults with untreated prehypertension or Stage 1 hypertension. In total, 26 and 31 subjects in the IY and EUC arms, respectively, completed the study. There were no differences in BP between the groups at 6 and 12 weeks. In the EUC group, 24-h systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) significantly decreased by 5, 3 and 3 mmHg, respectively, from baseline at 6 weeks (P < .05), but were no longer significant at 12 weeks. In the IY group, 24 h SBP was reduced by 6 mmHg at 12 weeks compared to baseline (P = .05). 24 h DBP (P < .01) and MAP (P < .05) decreased significantly each by 5 mmHg. No differences were observed in catecholamine or cortisol metabolism to explain the decrease in BP in the IY group at 12 weeks. Twelve weeks of IY produces clinically meaningful improvements in 24 h SBP and DBP. Larger studies are needed to establish the long term efficacy, acceptability, utility and potential mechanisms of IY to control BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie L Cohen
- Renal Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Evans S, Cousins L, Tsao JC, Subramanian S, Sternlieb B, Zeltzer LK. A randomized controlled trial examining Iyengar yoga for young adults with rheumatoid arthritis: a study protocol. Trials 2011; 12:19. [PMID: 21255431 PMCID: PMC3033352 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-12-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, disabling disease that can compromise mobility, daily functioning, and health-related quality of life, especially in older adolescents and young adults. In this project, we will compare a standardized Iyengar yoga program for young people with rheumatoid arthritis to a standard care wait-list control condition. Methods/Design Seventy rheumatoid arthritis patients aged 16-35 years will be randomized into either the 6-week Iyengar yoga program (12 - 1.5 hour sessions twice weekly) or the 6-week wait-list control condition. A 20% attrition rate is anticipated. The wait-list group will receive the yoga program following completion of the first arm of the study. We will collect data quantitatively, using questionnaires and markers of disease activity, and qualitatively using semi-structured interviews. Assessments include standardized measures of general and arthritis-specific function, pain, mood, and health-related quality of life, as well as qualitative interviews, blood pressure/resting heart rate measurements, a medical exam and the assessment of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Data will be collected three times: before treatment, post-treatment, and two months following the treatment. Discussion Results from this study will provide critical data on non-pharmacologic methods for enhancing function in rheumatoid arthritis patients. In particular, results will shed light on the feasibility and potential efficacy of a novel intervention for rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, paving the way for a larger clinical trial. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01096823
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadra Evans
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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Evans S, Cousins L, Tsao JCI, Sternlieb B, Zeltzer LK. Protocol for a randomized controlled study of Iyengar yoga for youth with irritable bowel syndrome. Trials 2011; 12:15. [PMID: 21244698 PMCID: PMC3033835 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-12-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Irritable bowel syndrome affects as many as 14% of high school-aged students. Symptoms include discomfort in the abdomen, along with diarrhea and/or constipation and other gastroenterological symptoms that can significantly impact quality of life and daily functioning. Emotional stress appears to exacerbate irritable bowel syndrome symptoms suggesting that mind-body interventions reducing arousal may prove beneficial. For many sufferers, symptoms can be traced to childhood and adolescence, making the early manifestation of irritable bowel syndrome important to understand. The current study will focus on young people aged 14-26 years with irritable bowel syndrome. The study will test the potential benefits of Iyengar yoga on clinical symptoms, psychospiritual functioning and visceral sensitivity. Yoga is thought to bring physical, psychological and spiritual benefits to practitioners and has been associated with reduced stress and pain. Through its focus on restoration and use of props, Iyengar yoga is especially designed to decrease arousal and promote psychospiritual resources in physically compromised individuals. An extensive and standardized teacher-training program support Iyengar yoga's reliability and safety. It is hypothesized that yoga will be feasible with less than 20% attrition; and the yoga group will demonstrate significantly improved outcomes compared to controls, with physiological and psychospiritual mechanisms contributing to improvements. Methods/Design Sixty irritable bowel syndrome patients aged 14-26 will be randomly assigned to a standardized 6-week twice weekly Iyengar yoga group-based program or a wait-list usual care control group. The groups will be compared on the primary clinical outcomes of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms, quality of life and global improvement at post-treatment and 2-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes will include visceral pain sensitivity assessed with a standardized laboratory task (water load task), functional disability and psychospiritual variables including catastrophizing, self-efficacy, mood, acceptance and mindfulness. Mechanisms of action involved in the proposed beneficial effects of yoga upon clinical outcomes will be explored, and include the mediating effects of visceral sensitivity, increased psychospiritual resources, regulated autonomic nervous system responses and regulated hormonal stress response assessed via salivary cortisol. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01107977.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadra Evans
- Pediatric Pain Program, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitaramesh Emani
- The Ohio State University Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Dorothy Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210-1252, USA
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Cade T, Reeds DN, Mondy KE, Overton T, Grassino J, Tucker S, Bopp C, Laciny E, Hubert S, Lassa-Claxton S, Yarasheski KE. Yoga lifestyle intervention reduces blood pressure in HIV-infected adults with cardiovascular disease risk factors. HIV Med 2010; 11:379-88. [PMID: 20059570 PMCID: PMC2889007 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2009.00801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People living with HIV infection are at increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Safe and effective interventions for lowering CVD risk in HIV infection are high priorities. We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled study to evaluate whether a yoga lifestyle intervention improves CVD risk factors, virological or immunological status, or quality of life (QOL) in HIV-infected adults relative to standard of care treatment in a matched control group. METHODS Sixty HIV-infected adults with mild-moderate CVD risk were assigned to 20 weeks of supervised yoga practice or standard of care treatment. Baseline and week 20 measures were: 2-h oral glucose tolerance test with insulin monitoring, body composition, fasting serum lipid/lipoprotein profile, resting blood pressures, CD4 T-cell count and plasma HIV RNA, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF)-36 health-related QOL inventory. RESULTS Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures improved more (P=0.04) in the yoga group (-5 +/- 2 and -3 +/- 1 mmHg, respectively) than in the standard of care group (+1 +/- 2 and+2 +/- 2 mmHg, respectively). However, there was no greater reduction in body weight, fat mass or proatherogenic lipids, or improvements in glucose tolerance or overall QOL after yoga. Immune and virological status was not adversely affected. CONCLUSION Among traditional lifestyle modifications, yoga is a low-cost, simple to administer, nonpharmacological, popular behavioural intervention that can lower blood pressure in pre-hypertensive HIV-infected adults with mild-moderate CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Cade
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Dominic N. Reeds
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kristin E. Mondy
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Turner Overton
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | | | - Coco Bopp
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Erin Laciny
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sara Hubert
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Kevin E. Yarasheski
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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