1
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Christensen NV, Holm R, Sanchez JD, Hansen ESS, Lerche MH, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH, Laustsen C, Bertelsen LB. A continuous flow bioreactor system for high-throughput hyperpolarized metabolic flux analysis. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5107. [PMID: 38279190 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized carbon-13 labeled compounds are increasingly being used in medical MR imaging (MRI) and MR imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) research, due to its ability to monitor tissue and cell metabolism in real-time. Although radiological biomarkers are increasingly being considered as clinical indicators, biopsies are still considered the gold standard for a large variety of indications. Bioreactor systems can play an important role in biopsy examinations because of their ability to provide a physiochemical environment that is conducive for therapeutic response monitoring ex vivo. We demonstrate here a proof-of-concept bioreactor and microcoil receive array setup that allows for ex vivo preservation and metabolic NMR spectroscopy on up to three biopsy samples simultaneously, creating an easy-to-use and robust way to simultaneously run multisample carbon-13 hyperpolarization experiments. Experiments using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate on ML-1 leukemic cells in the bioreactor setup were performed and the kinetic pyruvate-to-lactate rate constants ( k PL ) extracted. The coefficient of variation of the experimentally found k PL s for five repeated experiments was C V = 35 % . With this statistical power, treatment effects of 30%-40% change in lactate production could be easily differentiable with only a few hyperpolarization dissolutions on this setup. Furthermore, longitudinal experiments showed preservation of ML-1 cells in the bioreactor setup for at least 6 h. Rat brain tissue slices were also seen to be preserved within the bioreactor for at least 1 h. This validation serves as the basis for further optimization and upscaling of the setup, which undoubtedly has huge potential in high-throughput studies with various biomarkers and tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rikke Holm
- The MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Esben S S Hansen
- The MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mathilde H Lerche
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Christoffer Laustsen
- The MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Bonde Bertelsen
- The MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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2
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Babenko SV, Sviyazov SV, Burueva DB, Koptyug IV. Hyperpolarized long-lived spin state of methylene protons of 2-bromoethanol obtained from ethylene with non-equilibrium nuclear spin order. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2024; 360:107648. [PMID: 38401476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
In this work we achieve a significant overpopulation (PLLS≈1%) of the long-lived spin state (LLS) of methylene protons in 2-bromoethan(2H)ol (BrEtOD) obtained in a reaction between ethylene with non-equilibrium nuclear spin order and bromine water. Given all protons in ethylene are magnetically equivalent, its nuclear states are classified into nuclear spin isomers (NSIM) with total spin I = 2,1,0. Addition of parahydrogen to acetylene produces ethylene with a population of only those NSIMs with I = 1,0. As a result of the reaction with bromine water the non-equilibrium spin order of ethylene is partly transferred to the singlet LLS involving the two methylene groups of BrEtOD. The 1H NMR signal enhancement (SE≈200) obtained as a result of the LLS readout is approximately equal to the SE of the hyperpolarized BrEtOD obtained with a single π/4 pulse. The LLS relaxation time (TLLS) was shown to be approximately 40 s (≈8T1) in the argon-bubbled sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon V Babenko
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Sviyazov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Dudari B Burueva
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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3
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Yeste J, Azagra M, Ortega MA, Portela A, Matajsz G, Herrero-Gómez A, Kim Y, Sriram R, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Marco-Rius I. Parallel detection of chemical reactions in a microfluidic platform using hyperpolarized nuclear magnetic resonance. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4950-4958. [PMID: 37906028 PMCID: PMC10661666 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00474k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of NMR may be enhanced by more than four orders of magnitude via dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP), potentially allowing real-time, in situ analysis of chemical reactions. However, there has been no widespread use of the technique for this application and the major limitation has been the low experimental throughput caused by the time-consuming polarization build-up process at cryogenic temperatures and fast decay of the hyper-intense signal post dissolution. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a microfluidic device compatible with dDNP-MR spectroscopic imaging methods for detection of reactants and products in chemical reactions in which up to 8 reactions can be measured simultaneously using a single dDNP sample. Multiple MR spectroscopic data sets can be generated under the same exact conditions of hyperpolarized solute polarization, concentration, pH, and temperature. A proof-of-concept for the technology is demonstrated by identifying the reactants in the decarboxylation of pyruvate via hydrogen peroxide (e.g. 2-hydroperoxy-2-hydroxypropanoate, peroxymonocarbonate and CO2). dDNP-MR allows tracing of fast chemical reactions that would be barely detectable at thermal equilibrium by MR. We envisage that dDNP-MR spectroscopic imaging combined with microfluidics will provide a new high-throughput method for dDNP enhanced MR analysis of multiple components in chemical reactions and for non-destructive in situ metabolic analysis of hyperpolarized substrates in biological samples for laboratory and preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Yeste
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marc Azagra
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria A Ortega
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Portela
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gergő Matajsz
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alba Herrero-Gómez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Yaewon Kim
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Graduate program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Graduate program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Irene Marco-Rius
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
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4
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Brahms A, Pravdivtsev AN, Thorns L, Sönnichsen FD, Hövener JB, Herges R. Exceptionally Mild and High-Yielding Synthesis of Vinyl Esters of Alpha-Ketocarboxylic Acids, Including Vinyl Pyruvate, for Parahydrogen-Enhanced Metabolic Spectroscopy and Imaging. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15018-15028. [PMID: 37824795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic changes often occur long before pathologies manifest and treatment becomes challenging. As key elements of energy metabolism, α-ketocarboxylic acids (α-KCA) are particularly interesting, e.g., as the upregulation of pyruvate to lactate conversion is a hallmark of cancer (Warburg effect). Magnetic resonance imaging with hyperpolarized metabolites has enabled imaging of this effect non-invasively and in vivo, allowing the early detection of cancerous tissue and its treatment. Hyperpolarization by means of dynamic nuclear polarization, however, is complex, slow, and expensive, while available precursors often limit parahydrogen-based alternatives. Here, we report the synthesis for novel 13C, deuterated ketocarboxylic acids, and a much-improved synthesis of 1-13C-vinyl pruvate-d6, arguably the most promising tracer for hyperpolarizing pyruvate using parahydrogen-induced hyperpolarization by side arm hydrogenation. The new synthesis is scalable and provides a high yield of 52%. We elucidated the mechanism of our Pd-catalyzed trans-vinylation reaction. Hydrogenation with parahydrogen allowed us to monitor the addition, which was found to depend on the electron demand of the vinyl ester. Electron-poor α-keto vinyl esters react slower than "normal" alkyl vinyl esters. This synthesis of 13C, deuterated α-ketocarboxylic acids opens up an entirely new class of biomolecules for fast and cost-efficient hyperpolarization with parahydrogen and their use for metabolic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Brahms
- Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24114 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lynn Thorns
- Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank D Sönnichsen
- Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24114 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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5
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Stewart NJ, Sato T, Takeda N, Hirata H, Matsumoto S. Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Tool for Imaging Tissue Redox State, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cellular Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:81-94. [PMID: 34218688 PMCID: PMC8792501 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with hyperpolarized (HP) 13C-labeled redox-sensitive metabolic tracers can provide noninvasive functional imaging biomarkers, reflecting tissue redox state, oxidative stress, and inflammation, among others. The capability to use endogenous metabolites as 13C-enriched imaging tracers without structural modification makes HP 13C MRI a promising tool to evaluate redox state in patients with various diseases. Recent Advances: Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of in vivo metabolic imaging of 13C-labeled tracers polarized by parahydrogen-induced polarization techniques, which offer a cost-effective alternative to the more widely used dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization-based hyperpolarizers. Critical Issues: Although the fluxes of many metabolic pathways reflect the change in tissue redox state, they are not functionally specific. In the present review, we summarize recent challenges in the development of specific 13C metabolic tracers for biomarkers of redox state, including that for detecting reactive oxygen species. Future Directions: Applications of HP 13C metabolic MRI to evaluate redox state have only just begun to be investigated. The possibility to gain a comprehensive understanding of the correlations between tissue redox potential and metabolism under different pathological conditions by using HP 13C MRI is promoting its interest in the clinical arena, along with its noninvasive biomarkers to evaluate the extent of disease and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Stewart
- Division of Bioengineering & Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,POLARIS, Imaging Sciences, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tatsuyuki Sato
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hirata
- Division of Bioengineering & Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Division of Bioengineering & Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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6
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Pravdivtsev AN, Kempf N, Plaumann M, Bernarding J, Scheffler K, Hövener JB, Buckenmaier K. Coherent Evolution of Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange in Two Alternating Fields (alt-SABRE). Chemphyschem 2021; 22:2381-2386. [PMID: 34546634 PMCID: PMC9292956 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Parahydrogen (pH2) is a convenient and cost‐efficient source of spin order to enhance the magnetic resonance signal. Previous work showed that transient interaction of pH2 with a metal organic complex in a signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) experiment enabled more than 10 % polarization for some 15N molecules. Here, we analyzed a variant of SABRE, consisting of a magnetic field alternating between a low field of ∼1 μT, where polarization transfer is expected to take place, and a higher field >50 μT (alt‐SABRE). These magnetic fields affected the amplitude and frequency of polarization transfer. Deviation of a lower magnetic field from a “perfect” condition of level anti‐crossing increases the frequency of polarization transfer that can be exploited for polarization of short‐lived transient SABRE complexes. Moreover, the coherences responsible for polarization transfer at a lower field persisted during magnetic field variation and continued their spin evolution at higher field with a frequency of 2.5 kHz at 54 μT. The latter should be taken into consideration for an efficient alt‐SABRE. Theoretical and experimental findings were exemplified with Iridium N‐heterocyclic carbene SABRE complex and 15N‐acetonitrole, where a 30 % higher 15N polarization with alt‐SABRE compared to common SABRE was reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24114, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolas Kempf
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Institute for Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Building 02, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Bernarding
- Institute for Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Building 02, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24114, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kai Buckenmaier
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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7
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Tang S, Meng MV, Slater JB, Gordon JW, Vigneron DB, Stohr BA, Larson PEZ, Wang ZJ. Metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized 13 C pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging in patients with renal tumors-Initial experience. Cancer 2021; 127:2693-2704. [PMID: 33844280 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal treatment selection for localized renal tumors is challenging because of their variable biologic behavior and limitations in the preoperative assessment of tumor aggressiveness. The authors investigated the emerging hyperpolarized (HP) 13 C magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique to noninvasively assess tumor lactate production, which is strongly associated with tumor aggressiveness. METHODS Eleven patients with renal tumors underwent HP 13 C pyruvate MRI before surgical resection. Tumor 13 C pyruvate and 13 C lactate images were acquired dynamically. Five patients underwent 2 scans on the same day to assess the intrapatient reproducibility of HP 13 C pyruvate MRI. Tumor metabolic data were compared with histopathology findings. RESULTS Eight patients had tumors with a sufficient metabolite signal-to-noise ratio for analysis; an insufficient tumor signal-to-noise ratio was noted in 2 patients, likely caused by poor tumor perfusion and, in 1 patient, because of technical errors. Of the 8 patients, 3 had high-grade clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), 3 had low-grade ccRCC, and 2 had chromophobe RCC. There was a trend toward a higher lactate-to-pyruvate ratio in high-grade ccRCCs compared with low-grade ccRCCs. Both chromophobe RCCs had relatively high lactate-to-pyruvate ratios. Good reproducibility was noted across the 5 patients who underwent 2 HP 13 C pyruvate MRI scans on the same day. CONCLUSIONS The current results demonstrate the feasibility of HP 13 C pyruvate MRI for investigating the metabolic phenotype of localized renal tumors. The initial data indicate good reproducibility of metabolite measurements. In addition, the metabolic data indicate a trend toward differentiating low-grade and high-grade ccRCCs, the most common subtype of renal cancer. LAY SUMMARY Renal tumors are frequently discovered incidentally because of the increased use of medical imaging, but it is challenging to identify which aggressive tumors should be treated. A new metabolic imaging technique was applied to noninvasively predict renal tumor aggressiveness. The imaging results were compared with tumor samples taken during surgery and showed a trend toward differentiating between low-grade and high-grade clear cell renal cell carcinomas, which are the most common type of renal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Tang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Maxwell V Meng
- Department of Urology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - James B Slater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Bradley A Stohr
- Department of Pathology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Zhen Jane Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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8
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Hyperpolarized 13C pyruvate magnetic resonance spectroscopy for in vivo metabolic phenotyping of rat HCC. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1191. [PMID: 33441943 PMCID: PMC7806739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80952-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vivo assessment of tissue metabolism represents a novel strategy for the evaluation of oncologic disease. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a high-prevalence, high-mortality tumor entity often discovered at a late stage. Recent evidence indicates that survival differences depend on metabolic alterations in tumor tissue, with particular focus on glucose metabolism and lactate production. Here, we present an in vivo imaging technique for metabolic tumor phenotyping in rat models of HCC. Endogenous HCC was induced in Wistar rats by oral diethyl-nitrosamine administration. Peak lactate-to-alanine signal ratios (L/A) were assessed with hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (HPMRSI) after [1-13C]pyruvate injection. Cell lines were derived from a subset of primary tumors, re-implanted in nude rats, and assessed in vivo with dynamic hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HPMRS) after [1-13C]pyruvate injection and kinetic modelling of pyruvate metabolism, taking into account systemic lactate production and recirculation. For ex vivo validation, enzyme activity and metabolite concentrations were spectroscopically quantified in cell and tumor tissue extracts. Mean peak L/A was higher in endogenous HCC compared to non-tumorous tissue. Dynamic HPMRS revealed higher pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rates (kpl) and lactate signal in subcutaneous tumors derived from high L/A tumor cells, consistent with ex vivo measurements of higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in these cells. In conclusion, HPMRS and HPMRSI reveal distinct tumor phenotypes corresponding to differences in glycolytic metabolism in HCC tumor tissue.
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9
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Lim H, Martínez-Santiesteban F, Jensen MD, Chen A, Wong E, Scholl TJ. Monitoring Early Changes in Tumor Metabolism in Response to Therapy Using Hyperpolarized 13C MRSI in a Preclinical Model of Glioma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 6:290-300. [PMID: 32879899 PMCID: PMC7442089 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2020.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study shows the use of hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to assess therapeutic efficacy in a preclinical tumor model. 13C-labeled pyruvate was used to monitor early changes in tumor metabolism based on the Warburg effect. High-grade malignant tumors exhibit increased glycolytic activity and lactate production to promote proliferation. A rodent glioma model was used to explore altered lactate production after therapy as an early imaging biomarker for therapeutic response. Rodents were surgically implanted with C6 glioma cells and separated into 4 groups, namely, no therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and combined therapy. Animals were imaged serially at 6 different time points with magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRSI and conventional 1H imaging. Using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRSI, alterations in tumor metabolism were detected as changes in the conversion of lactate to pyruvate (measured as Lac/Pyr ratio) and compared with the conventional method of detecting therapeutic response using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Moreover, each therapy group expressed different characteristic changes in tumor metabolism. The group that received no therapy showed a gradual increase of Lac/Pyr ratio within the tumor. The radiotherapy group showed large variations in tumor Lac/Pyr ratio. The chemo- and combined-therapy groups showed a statistically significant reduction in tumor Lac/Pyr ratio; however, only combined therapy was capable of suppressing tumor growth, which resulted in low endpoint mortality rate. Hyperpolarized 13C MRSI detected a prompt reduction in Lac/Pyr ratio as early as 2 days post combined chemo- and radiotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeseung Lim
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Michael D Jensen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Albert Chen
- General Electric Healthcare, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eugene Wong
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Departments of Physics and Astronomy; Oncology; and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada, and.,Departments of Physics and Astronomy; Oncology; and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada, and
| | - Timothy J Scholl
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Departments of Physics and Astronomy; Oncology; and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada, and.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
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10
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Topping GJ, Hundshammer C, Nagel L, Grashei M, Aigner M, Skinner JG, Schulte RF, Schilling F. Acquisition strategies for spatially resolved magnetic resonance detection of hyperpolarized nuclei. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 33:221-256. [PMID: 31811491 PMCID: PMC7109201 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-019-00807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization is an emerging method in magnetic resonance imaging that allows nuclear spin polarization of gases or liquids to be temporarily enhanced by up to five or six orders of magnitude at clinically relevant field strengths and administered at high concentration to a subject at the time of measurement. This transient gain in signal has enabled the non-invasive detection and imaging of gas ventilation and diffusion in the lungs, perfusion in blood vessels and tissues, and metabolic conversion in cells, animals, and patients. The rapid development of this method is based on advances in polarizer technology, the availability of suitable probe isotopes and molecules, improved MRI hardware and pulse sequence development. Acquisition strategies for hyperpolarized nuclei are not yet standardized and are set up individually at most sites depending on the specific requirements of the probe, the object of interest, and the MRI hardware. This review provides a detailed introduction to spatially resolved detection of hyperpolarized nuclei and summarizes novel and previously established acquisition strategies for different key areas of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey J Topping
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Hundshammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luca Nagel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Grashei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Aigner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jason G Skinner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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11
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Hundshammer C, Grashei M, Greiner A, Glaser SJ, Schilling F. pH Dependence of T 1 for 13 C-Labelled Small Molecules Commonly Used for Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:798-802. [PMID: 30790394 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201801098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization is a method to enhance the nuclear magnetic resonance signal by up to five orders of magnitude. However, the hyperpolarized (HP) state is transient and decays with the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1 ), which is on the order of a few tens of seconds. Here, we analyzed the pH-dependence of T1 for commonly used HP 13 C-labelled small molecules such as acetate, alanine, fumarate, lactate, pyruvate, urea and zymonic acid. For instance, the T1 of HP pyruvate is about 2.5 fold smaller at acidic pH (25 s, pH 1.7, B0 =1 T) compared to pH close to physiological conditions (66 s, pH 7.3, B0 =1 T). Our data shows that increasing hydronium ion concentrations shorten the T1 of protonated carboxylic acids of most of the analyzed molecules except lactate. Furthermore it suggests that intermolecular hydrogen bonding at low pH can contribute to this T1 shortening. In addition, enhanced proton exchange and chemical reactions at the pKa appear to be detrimental for the HP-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hundshammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich.,Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching.,Graduate School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching
| | - Martin Grashei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich
| | - Alexandra Greiner
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching
| | - Steffen J Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich
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12
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Gamliel A, Uppala S, Sapir G, Harris T, Nardi-Schreiber A, Shaul D, Sosna J, Gomori JM, Katz-Brull R. Hyperpolarized [ 15N]nitrate as a potential long lived hyperpolarized contrast agent for MRI. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 299:188-195. [PMID: 30660069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reports on gadolinium deposits in the body and brains of adults and children who underwent contrast-enhanced MRI examinations warrant development of new, metal free, contrast agents for MRI. Nitrate is an abundant ion in mammalian biochemistry and sodium nitrate can be safely injected intravenously. We show that hyperpolarized [15N]nitrate can potentially be used as an MR tracer. The 15N site of hyperpolarized [15N]nitrate showed a T1 of more than 100 s in aqueous solutions, which was prolonged to more than 170 s below 20 °C. Capitalizing on this effect for polarization storage we obtained a visibility window of 9 min in blood. Conversion to [15N]nitrite, the bioactive reduced form of nitrate, was not observed in human blood and human saliva in this time frame. Thus, [15N]nitrate may serve as a long-lived hyperpolarized tracer for MR. Due to its ionic nature, the immediate applications appear to be perfusion and tissue retention imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Gamliel
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sivaranjan Uppala
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gal Sapir
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Talia Harris
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Atara Nardi-Schreiber
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Shaul
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob Sosna
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - J Moshe Gomori
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Katz-Brull
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.
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13
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Ajoy A, Lv X, Druga E, Liu K, Safvati B, Morabe A, Fenton M, Nazaryan R, Patel S, Sjolander TF, Reimer JA, Sakellariou D, Meriles CA, Pines A. Wide dynamic range magnetic field cycler: Harnessing quantum control at low and high fields. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:013112. [PMID: 30709175 DOI: 10.1063/1.5064685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe the construction of a fast field cycling device capable of sweeping a 4-order-of-magnitude range of magnetic fields, from ∼1 mT to 7 T, in under 700 ms, and which is further extendable to a 1 nT-7 T range. Central to this system is a high-speed sample shuttling mechanism between a superconducting magnet and a magnetic shield, with the capability to access arbitrary fields in between with high resolution. Our instrument serves as a versatile platform to harness the inherent dichotomy of spin dynamics on offer at low and high fields-in particular, the low anisotropy, fast spin manipulation, and rapid entanglement growth at low field as well as the long spin lifetimes, spin specific control, and efficient inductive measurement possible at high fields. Exploiting these complementary capabilities in a single device opens up applications in a host of problems in quantum control, sensing, and information storage, besides in nuclear hyperpolarization, relaxometry, and imaging. In particular, in this paper, we focus on the ability of the device to enable low-field hyperpolarization of 13C nuclei in diamond via optically pumped electronic spins associated with nitrogen vacancy defect centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ajoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - X Lv
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E Druga
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B Safvati
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Morabe
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Fenton
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Nazaryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T F Sjolander
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J A Reimer
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Sakellariou
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F P.O. Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - C A Meriles
- Department of Physics, CUNY-City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
| | - A Pines
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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14
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Skinner JG, Menichetti L, Flori A, Dost A, Schmidt AB, Plaumann M, Gallagher FA, Hövener JB. Metabolic and Molecular Imaging with Hyperpolarised Tracers. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 20:902-918. [PMID: 30120644 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since reaching the clinic, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an irreplaceable radiological tool because of the macroscopic information it provides across almost all organs and soft tissues within the human body, all without the need for ionising radiation. The sensitivity of MR, however, is too low to take full advantage of the rich chemical information contained in the MR signal. Hyperpolarisation techniques have recently emerged as methods to overcome the sensitivity limitations by enhancing the MR signal by many orders of magnitude compared to the thermal equilibrium, enabling a new class of metabolic and molecular X-nuclei based MR tracers capable of reporting on metabolic processes at the cellular level. These hyperpolarised (HP) tracers have the potential to elucidate the complex metabolic processes of many organs and pathologies, with studies so far focusing on the fields of oncology and cardiology. This review presents an overview of hyperpolarisation techniques that appear most promising for clinical use today, such as dissolution dynamic nuclear polarisation (d-DNP), parahydrogen-induced hyperpolarisation (PHIP), Brute force hyperpolarisation and spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP), before discussing methods for tracer detection, emerging metabolic tracers and applications and progress in preclinical and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Graham Skinner
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Luca Menichetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Flori
- Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Dost
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Benjamin Schmidt
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Section Biomedical Imaging and MOIN CC, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Institute of Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging and MOIN CC, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
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15
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Stewart NJ, Kumeta H, Tomohiro M, Hashimoto T, Hatae N, Matsumoto S. Long-range heteronuclear J-coupling constants in esters: Implications for 13C metabolic MRI by side-arm parahydrogen-induced polarization. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 296:85-92. [PMID: 30223155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Side-arm parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP-SAH) presents a cost-effective method for hyperpolarization of 13C metabolites (e.g. acetate, pyruvate) for metabolic MRI. The timing and efficiency of typical spin order transfer methods including magnetic field cycling and tailored RF pulse sequences crucially depends on the heteronuclear J coupling network between nascent parahydrogen protons and 13C, post-parahydrogenation of the target compound. In this work, heteronuclear nJHC (1 < n ≤ 5) couplings of acetate and pyruvate esters pertinent for PHIP-SAH were investigated experimentally using selective HSQMBC-based pulse sequences and numerically using DFT simulations. The CLIP-HSQMBC technique was used to quantify 2/3-bond JHC couplings, and 4/5-bond JHC ≲ 0.5 Hz were estimated by the sel-HSQMBC-TOCSY approach. Experimental and numerical (DFT-simulated) nJHC couplings were strongly correlated (P < 0.001). Implications for 13C hyperpolarization by magnetic field cycling, and PH-INEPT and ESOTHERIC type spin order transfer methods for PHIP-SAH were assessed, and the influence of direct nascent parahydrogen proton to 13C coupling when compared with indirect homonuclear TOCSY-type transfer through intermediate (non-nascent parahydrogen) protons was studied by the density matrix approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Stewart
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kumeta
- Department of Structural Biology, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsushi Tomohiro
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuya Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Hatae
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; JST, PREST, Saitama, Japan.
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16
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Seo H, Choi I, Whiting N, Hu J, Luu QS, Pudakalakatti S, McCowan C, Kim Y, Zacharias N, Lee S, Bhattacharya P, Lee Y. Hyperpolarized Porous Silicon Nanoparticles: Potential Theragnostic Material for29Si Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2143-2147. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonglim Seo
- Department of Bionano Technology; Hanyang University; Ansan 15588 South Korea
| | - Ikjang Choi
- Department of Bionano Technology; Hanyang University; Ansan 15588 South Korea
| | - Nicholas Whiting
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX 77030 USA
- Current address: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences; Rowan University; Glassboro, New Jersey 08028 USA
| | - Jingzhe Hu
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Quy Son Luu
- Department of Bionano Technology; Hanyang University; Ansan 15588 South Korea
| | - Shivanand Pudakalakatti
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Caitlin McCowan
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Yaewon Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University College Station; TX 77843 USA
| | - Niki Zacharias
- Department of Urology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- Department of Nanochemistry; Gachon University; Seongnam 13120 South Korea
| | - Pratip Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Youngbok Lee
- Department of Bionano Technology; Hanyang University; Ansan 15588 South Korea
- Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering; Hanyang University; Ansan 15588 South Korea
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17
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Cavallari E, Carrera C, Sorge M, Bonne G, Muchir A, Aime S, Reineri F. The 13C hyperpolarized pyruvate generated by ParaHydrogen detects the response of the heart to altered metabolism in real time. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8366. [PMID: 29849091 PMCID: PMC5976640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Many imaging methods have been proposed to act as surrogate markers of organ damage, yet for many candidates the essential biomarkers characteristics of the injured organ have not yet been described. Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate allows real time monitoring of metabolism in vivo. ParaHydrogen Induced Polarization (PHIP) is a portable, cost effective technique able to generate 13C MR hyperpolarized molecules within seconds. The introduction of the Side Arm Hydrogenation (SAH) strategy offered a way to widen the field of PHIP generated systems and to make this approach competitive with the currently applied dissolution-DNP (Dynamic Nuclear Polarization) method. Herein, we describe the first in vivo metabolic imaging study using the PHIP-SAH hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. In vivo maps of pyruvate and of its metabolic product lactate have been acquired on a 1 T MRI scanner. By comparing pyruvate/lactate 13C label exchange rate in a mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy, it has been found that the metabolic dysfunction occurring in the cardiac muscle of the diseased mice can be detected well before the disease can be assessed by echocardiographic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cavallari
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Carla Carrera
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Matteo Sorge
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Gisèle Bonne
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS974, Center of Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, G.H. Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Muchir
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS974, Center of Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, G.H. Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Reineri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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18
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Ajoy A, Liu K, Nazaryan R, Lv X, Zangara PR, Safvati B, Wang G, Arnold D, Li G, Lin A, Raghavan P, Druga E, Dhomkar S, Pagliero D, Reimer JA, Suter D, Meriles CA, Pines A. Orientation-independent room temperature optical 13C hyperpolarization in powdered diamond. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar5492. [PMID: 29795783 PMCID: PMC5959305 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar5492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization via contact with electronic spins has emerged as an attractive route to enhance the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance beyond the traditional limits imposed by magnetic field strength and temperature. Among the various alternative implementations, the use of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond-a paramagnetic point defect whose spin can be optically polarized at room temperature-has attracted widespread attention, but applications have been hampered by the need to align the NV axis with the external magnetic field. We overcome this hurdle through the combined use of continuous optical illumination and a microwave sweep over a broad frequency range. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate our approach using powdered diamond with which we attain bulk 13C spin polarization in excess of 0.25% under ambient conditions. Remarkably, our technique acts efficiently on diamond crystals of all orientations and polarizes nuclear spins with a sign that depends exclusively on the direction of the microwave sweep. Our work paves the way toward the use of hyperpolarized diamond particles as imaging contrast agents for biosensing and, ultimately, for the hyperpolarization of nuclear spins in arbitrary liquids brought in contact with their surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Ajoy
- Department of Chemistry, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Kristina Liu
- Department of Chemistry, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Raffi Nazaryan
- Department of Chemistry, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Xudong Lv
- Department of Chemistry, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Pablo R. Zangara
- Department of Physics, City University of New York (CUNY)–City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Benjamin Safvati
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Grace Li
- Department of Chemistry, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Arthur Lin
- Department of Chemistry, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Priyanka Raghavan
- Department of Chemistry, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Emanuel Druga
- Department of Chemistry, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Siddharth Dhomkar
- Department of Physics, City University of New York (CUNY)–City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Daniela Pagliero
- Department of Physics, City University of New York (CUNY)–City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Reimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dieter Suter
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carlos A. Meriles
- Department of Physics, City University of New York (CUNY)–City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- CUNY–Graduate Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alexander Pines
- Department of Chemistry, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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19
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Hyperpolarized Amino Acid Derivatives as Multivalent Magnetic Resonance pH Sensor Molecules. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18020600. [PMID: 29462891 PMCID: PMC5856118 DOI: 10.3390/s18020600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
pH is a tightly regulated physiological parameter that is often altered in diseased states like cancer. The development of biosensors that can be used to non-invasively image pH with hyperpolarized (HP) magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging has therefore recently gained tremendous interest. However, most of the known HP-sensors have only individually and not comprehensively been analyzed for their biocompatibility, their pH sensitivity under physiological conditions, and the effects of chemical derivatization on their logarithmic acid dissociation constant (pKa). Proteinogenic amino acids are biocompatible, can be hyperpolarized and have at least two pH sensitive moieties. However, they do not exhibit a pH sensitivity in the physiologically relevant pH range. Here, we developed a systematic approach to tailor the pKa of molecules using modifications of carbon chain length and derivatization rendering these molecules interesting for pH biosensing. Notably, we identified several derivatives such as [1-13C]serine amide and [1-13C]-2,3-diaminopropionic acid as novel pH sensors. They bear several spin-1/2 nuclei (13C, 15N, 31P) with high sensitivity up to 4.8 ppm/pH and we show that 13C spins can be hyperpolarized with dissolution dynamic polarization (DNP). Our findings elucidate the molecular mechanisms of chemical shift pH sensors that might help to design tailored probes for specific pH in vivo imaging applications.
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20
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Liu M, Hilty C. Metabolic Measurements of Nonpermeating Compounds in Live Cells Using Hyperpolarized NMR. Anal Chem 2018; 90:1217-1222. [PMID: 29227628 PMCID: PMC6200330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP) has emerged as a technique for enhancing NMR signals by several orders of magnitude, thereby facilitating the characterization of metabolic pathways both in vivo and in vitro. Following the introduction of an externally hyperpolarized compound, real-time NMR enables the measurement of metabolic flux in the corresponding pathway. Spin relaxation however limits the maximum experimental time and prevents the use of this method with compounds exhibiting slow membrane transport rates. Here, we demonstrate that on-line electroporation can serve as a method for membrane permeabilization for use with D-DNP in cell cultures. An electroporation apparatus hyphenated with stopped-flow sample injection permits the introduction of the hyperpolarized metabolite within 3 s after the electrical pulse. In yeast cells that do not readily take up pyruvate, the addition of the electroporation pulse to the D-DNP experiment increases the signals of the downstream metabolic products CO2 and HCO3-, which otherwise are near the detection limit, by 8.2- and 8.6-fold. Modeling of the time dependence of these signals then permits the determination of the respective kinetic rate constants. The observed conversion rate from pyruvate to CO2 normalized for cell density was found to increase by a factor of 12 due to the alleviation of the membrane transport limitation. The use of electroporation therefore extends the applicability of D-DNP to in vitro studies with a wider range of metabolites and at the same time reduces the influence of membrane transport on the observed conversion rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Christian Hilty
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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21
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Martínez-Santiesteban FM, Dang TP, Lim H, Chen AP, Scholl TJ. T 1 nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion of hyperpolarized sodium and cesium hydrogencarbonate- 13 C. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3749. [PMID: 28653507 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In vivo pH mapping in tissue using hyperpolarized hydrogencarbonate-13 C has been proposed as a method to study tumor growth and treatment and other pathological conditions related to pH changes. The finite spin-lattice relaxation times (T1 ) of hyperpolarized media are a significant limiting factor for in vivo imaging. Relaxation times can be measured at standard magnetic fields (1.5 T, 3.0 T etc.), but no such data are available at low fields, where T1 values can be significantly shorter. This information is required to determine the potential loss of polarization as the agent is dispensed and transported from the polarizer to the MRI scanner. The purpose of this study is to measure T1 dispersion from low to clinical magnetic fields (0.4 mT to 3.0 T) of different hyperpolarized hydrogencarbonate formulations previously proposed in the literature for in vivo pH measurements. 13 C-enriched cesium and sodium hydrogencarbonate preparations were hyperpolarized using dynamic nuclear polarization, and the T1 values of different samples were measured at different magnetic field strengths using a fast field-cycling relaxometer and a 3.0 T clinical MRI system. The effects of deuterium oxide as a dissolution medium for sodium hydrogencarbonate were also analyzed. This study finds that the cesium formulation has slightly shorter T1 values compared with the sodium preparation. However, the higher solubility of cesium hydrogencarbonate-13 C means it can be polarized at greater concentration, using less trityl radical than sodium hydrogencarbonate-13 C. This study also establishes that the preparation and handling of sodium hydrogencarbonate formulations in relation to cesium hydrogencarbonate is more difficult, due to the higher viscosity and lower achievable concentrations, and that deuterium oxide significantly increases the T1 of sodium hydrogencarbonate solutions. Finally, this work also investigates the influence of pH on the spin-lattice relaxation of cesium hydrogencarbonate-13 C measured over a pH range of 7 to 9 at 0.47 T.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thien Phuoc Dang
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heeseung Lim
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Timothy J Scholl
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Hundshammer C, Düwel S, Schilling F. Imaging of Extracellular pH Using Hyperpolarized Molecules. Isr J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201700017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hundshammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University of Munich; Ismaninger Str. 22 81675 München Germany
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstr. 2 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Stephan Düwel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University of Munich; Ismaninger Str. 22 81675 München Germany
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstr. 2 85748 Garching Germany
- Institute of Medical Engineering; Technical University of Munich; Boltzmannstr. 11 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University of Munich; Ismaninger Str. 22 81675 München Germany
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23
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Balzan R, Fernandes L, Pidial L, Comment A, Tavitian B, Vasos PR. Pyruvate cellular uptake and enzymatic conversion probed by dissolution DNP-NMR: the impact of overexpressed membrane transporters. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:579-583. [PMID: 27859555 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate membrane crossing and its lactate dehydrogenase-mediated conversion to lactate in cells featuring different levels of expression of membrane monocarboxylate transporters (MCT4) were probed by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization-enhanced NMR. Hyperpolarized 13 C-1-labeled pyruvate was transferred to suspensions of rodent tumor cell carcinoma, cell line 39. The pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rate monitored by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization-NMR in carcinoma cells featuring native MCT4 expression level was lower than the rate observed for cells in which the human MCT4 gene was overexpressed. The enzymatic activity of lactate dehydrogenase was also assessed in buffer solutions, following the real-time pyruvate-to-lactate conversion speeds at different enzyme concentrations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Balzan
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601, UFR Biomédicale et des Sciences de Base, Université Paris Descartes - CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Fernandes
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601, UFR Biomédicale et des Sciences de Base, Université Paris Descartes - CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Pidial
- PARCC - Inserm U970 - Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Comment
- EPFL, Institute of Physics of Biological Systems, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Tavitian
- PARCC - Inserm U970 - Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Paul R Vasos
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601, UFR Biomédicale et des Sciences de Base, Université Paris Descartes - CNRS, Paris, France
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24
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Siddiqui S, Kadlecek S, Pourfathi M, Xin Y, Mannherz W, Hamedani H, Drachman N, Ruppert K, Clapp J, Rizi R. The use of hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance for molecular imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 113:3-23. [PMID: 27599979 PMCID: PMC5783573 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, molecular imaging using magnetic resonance (MR) has been limited by the modality's low sensitivity, especially with non-proton nuclei. The advent of hyperpolarized (HP) MR overcomes this limitation by substantially enhancing the signal of certain biologically important probes through a process known as external nuclear polarization, enabling real-time assessment of tissue function and metabolism. The metabolic information obtained by HP MR imaging holds significant promise in the clinic, where it could play a critical role in disease diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the developments made in the field of hyperpolarized MR, including advancements in polarization techniques and delivery, probe development, pulse sequence optimization, characterization of healthy and diseased tissues, and the steps made towards clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmad Siddiqui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen Kadlecek
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mehrdad Pourfathi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yi Xin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William Mannherz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hooman Hamedani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas Drachman
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kai Ruppert
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Justin Clapp
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rahim Rizi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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25
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Dzien P, Fages A, Jona G, Brindle KM, Schwaiger M, Frydman L. Following Metabolism in Living Microorganisms by Hyperpolarized (1)H NMR. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12278-86. [PMID: 27556338 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) is used to enhance the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), enabling monitoring of metabolism and specific enzymatic reactions in vivo. dDNP involves rapid sample dissolution and transfer to a spectrometer/scanner for subsequent signal detection. So far, most biologically oriented dDNP studies have relied on hyperpolarizing long-lived nuclear spin species such as (13)C in small molecules. While advantages could also arise from observing hyperpolarized (1)H, short relaxation times limit the utility of prepolarizing this sensitive but fast relaxing nucleus. Recently, it has been reported that (1)H NMR peaks in solution-phase experiments could be hyperpolarized by spontaneous magnetization transfers from bound (13)C nuclei following dDNP. This work demonstrates the potential of this sensitivity-enhancing approach to probe the enzymatic process that could not be suitably resolved by (13)C dDNP MR. Here we measured, in microorganisms, the action of pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and pyruvate formate lyase (PFL)-enzymes that catalyze the decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetaldehyde and formate, respectively. While (13)C NMR did not possess the resolution to distinguish the starting pyruvate precursor from the carbonyl resonances in the resulting products, these processes could be monitored by (1)H NMR at 500 MHz. These observations were possible in both yeast and bacteria in minute-long kinetic measurements where the hyperpolarized (13)C enhanced, via (13)C → (1)H cross-relaxation, the signals of protons binding to the (13)C over the course of enzymatic reactions. In addition to these spontaneous heteronuclear enhancement experiments, single-shot acquisitions based on J-driven (13)C → (1)H polarization transfers were also carried out. These resulted in higher signal enhancements of the (1)H resonances but were not suitable for multishot kinetic studies. The potential of these (1)H-based approaches for measurements in vivo is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Dzien
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Technische Universität München , München 81675, Germany
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Institute , Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Kevin M Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Institute , Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Technische Universität München , München 81675, Germany
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26
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Tee SS, DiGialleonardo V, Eskandari R, Jeong S, Granlund KL, Miloushev V, Poot AJ, Truong S, Alvarez JA, Aldeborgh HN, Keshari KR. Sampling Hyperpolarized Molecules Utilizing a 1 Tesla Permanent Magnetic Field. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32846. [PMID: 27597137 PMCID: PMC5011774 DOI: 10.1038/srep32846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HP MRS) using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a technique that has greatly enhanced the sensitivity of detecting 13C nuclei. However, the HP MRS polarization decays in the liquid state according to the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) of the nucleus. Sampling of the signal also destroys polarization, resulting in a limited temporal ability to observe biologically interesting reactions. In this study, we demonstrate that sampling hyperpolarized signals using a permanent magnet at 1 Tesla (1T) is a simple and cost-effective method to increase T1s without sacrificing signal-to-noise. Biologically-relevant information may be obtained with a permanent magnet using enzyme solutions and in whole cells. Of significance, our findings indicate that changes in pyruvate metabolism can also be quantified in a xenograft model at this field strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui Seng Tee
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Valentina DiGialleonardo
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Roozbeh Eskandari
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sangmoo Jeong
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kristin L Granlund
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vesselin Miloushev
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alex J Poot
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | - Hannah N Aldeborgh
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, NY 10065, USA
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27
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Steele RM, Korb JP, Ferrante G, Bubici S. New applications and perspectives of fast field cycling NMR relaxometry. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2016; 54:502-9. [PMID: 25855084 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The field cycling NMR relaxometry method (also known as fast field cycling (FFC) when instruments employing fast electrical switching of the magnetic field are used) allows determination of the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1 ) continuously over five decades of Larmor frequency. The method can be exploited to observe the T1 frequency dependence of protons, as well as any other NMR-sensitive nuclei, such as (2) H, (13) C, (31) P, and (19) F in a wide range of substances and materials. The information obtained is directly correlated with the physical/chemical properties of the compound and can be represented as a 'nuclear magnetic resonance dispersion' curve. We present some recent academic and industrial applications showing the relevance of exploiting FFC NMR relaxometry in complex materials to study the molecular dynamics or, simply, for fingerprinting or quality control purposes. The basic nuclear magnetic resonance dispersion features are outlined in representative examples of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, porous media, proteins, and food stuffs. We will focus on the new directions and perspectives for the FFC technique. For instance, the introduction of the latest Wide Bore FFC NMR relaxometers allows probing, for the first time, of the dynamics of confined surface water contained in the macro-pores of carbonate rock cores. We also evidence the use of the latest field cycling technology with a new cryogen-free variable-field electromagnet, which enhances the range of available frequencies in the 2D T1 -T2 correlation spectrum for separating oil and water in crude oil. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Pierre Korb
- Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique-CNRS, 91128, Palaiseau, France
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28
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Reed GD, von Morze C, Verkman AS, Koelsch BL, Chaumeil MM, Lustig M, Ronen SM, Bok RA, Sands JM, Larson PEZ, Wang ZJ, Larsen JHA, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB. Imaging Renal Urea Handling in Rats at Millimeter Resolution using Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:125-135. [PMID: 27570835 PMCID: PMC4996281 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2016.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In vivo spin spin relaxation time (T2) heterogeneity of hyperpolarized [13C,15N2]urea in the rat kidney was investigated. Selective quenching of the vascular hyperpolarized 13C signal with a macromolecular relaxation agent revealed that a long-T2 component of the [13C,15N2]urea signal originated from the renal extravascular space, thus allowing the vascular and renal filtrate contrast agent pools of the [13C,15N2]urea to be distinguished via multi-exponential analysis. The T2 response to induced diuresis and antidiuresis was performed with two imaging agents: hyperpolarized [13C,15N2]urea and a control agent hyperpolarized bis-1,1-(hydroxymethyl)-1-13C-cyclopropane-2H8. Large T2 increases in the inner-medullar and papilla were observed with the former agent and not the latter during antidiuresis. Therefore, [13C,15N2]urea relaxometry is sensitive to two steps of the renal urea handling process: glomerular filtration and the inner-medullary urea transporter (UT)-A1 and UT-A3 mediated urea concentrating process. Simple motion correction and subspace denoising algorithms are presented to aid in the multi exponential data analysis. Furthermore, a T2-edited, ultra long echo time sequence was developed for sub-2 mm3 resolution 3D encoding of urea by exploiting relaxation differences in the vascular and filtrate pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galen D Reed
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Graduate Group in Bioengineering University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA, and University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Cornelius von Morze
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alan S Verkman
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bertram L Koelsch
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Graduate Group in Bioengineering University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA, and University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Myriam M Chaumeil
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael Lustig
- Graduate Group in Bioengineering University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA, and University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sabrina M Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Graduate Group in Bioengineering University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA, and University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Robert A Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeff M Sands
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Graduate Group in Bioengineering University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA, and University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Zhen J Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jan Henrik Ardenkjær Larsen
- GE Healthcare, Brøndby, Denmark; Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Graduate Group in Bioengineering University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA, and University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Graduate Group in Bioengineering University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA, and University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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29
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Zhong J, Ruan W, Han Y, Sun X, Ye C, Zhou X. Fast Determination of Flip Angle and T1 in Hyperpolarized Gas MRI During a Single Breath-Hold. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25854. [PMID: 27169670 PMCID: PMC4864326 DOI: 10.1038/srep25854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MRI of hyperpolarized media, such as (129)Xe and (3)He, shows great potential for clinical applications. The optimal use of the available spin polarization requires accurate flip angle calibrations and T1 measurements. Traditional flip angle calibration methods are time-consuming and suffer from polarization losses during T1 relaxation. In this paper, we propose a method to simultaneously calibrate flip angles and measure T1 in vivo during a breath-hold time of less than 4 seconds. We demonstrate the accuracy, robustness and repeatability of this method and contrast it with traditional methods. By measuring the T1 of hyperpolarized gas, the oxygen pressure in vivo can be calibrated during the same breath hold. The results of the calibration have been applied in variable flip angle (VFA) scheme to obtain a stable steady-state transverse magnetization. Coupled with this method, the ultra-short TE (UTE) and constant VFA (CVFA) schemes are expected to give rise to new applications of hyperpolarized media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Weiwei Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yeqing Han
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xianping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chaohui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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30
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Bakermans AJ, Abdurrachim D, Moonen RPM, Motaal AG, Prompers JJ, Strijkers GJ, Vandoorne K, Nicolay K. Small animal cardiovascular MR imaging and spectroscopy. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 88-89:1-47. [PMID: 26282195 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of MR imaging and spectroscopy for studying cardiovascular disease processes in small animals has increased tremendously over the past decade. This is the result of the remarkable advances in MR technologies and the increased availability of genetically modified mice. MR techniques provide a window on the entire timeline of cardiovascular disease development, ranging from subtle early changes in myocardial metabolism that often mark disease onset to severe myocardial dysfunction associated with end-stage heart failure. MR imaging and spectroscopy techniques play an important role in basic cardiovascular research and in cardiovascular disease diagnosis and therapy follow-up. This is due to the broad range of functional, structural and metabolic parameters that can be quantified by MR under in vivo conditions non-invasively. This review describes the spectrum of MR techniques that are employed in small animal cardiovascular disease research and how the technological challenges resulting from the small dimensions of heart and blood vessels as well as high heart and respiratory rates, particularly in mice, are tackled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianus J Bakermans
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Desiree Abdurrachim
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rik P M Moonen
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Abdallah G Motaal
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanine J Prompers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gustav J Strijkers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien Vandoorne
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nicolay
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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31
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Shang H, Skloss T, von Morze C, Carvajal L, Van Criekinge M, Milshteyn E, Larson PEZ, Hurd RE, Vigneron DB. Handheld electromagnet carrier for transfer of hyperpolarized carbon-13 samples. Magn Reson Med 2015; 75:917-22. [PMID: 25765516 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperpolarization of carbon-13 ((13) C) nuclei by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization increases signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by >10,000-fold for metabolic imaging, but care must be taken when transferring hyperpolarized (HP) samples from polarizer to MR scanner. Some (13) C substrates relax rapidly in low ambient magnetic fields. A handheld electromagnet carrier was designed and constructed to preserve polarization by maintaining a sufficient field during sample transfer. METHODS The device was constructed with a solenoidal electromagnet, powered by a nonmagnetic battery, holding the HP sample during transfer. A specially designed switch automated deactivation of the field once transfer was complete. Phantom and rat experiments were performed to compare MR signal enhancement with or without the device for HP [(13) C]urea and [1-(13) C]pyruvate. RESULTS The magnetic field generated by this device was tested to be >50 G over a 6-cm central section. In phantom and rat experiments, [(13) C]urea transported via the device showed SNR improvement by a factor of 1.8-1.9 over samples transferred through the background field. CONCLUSION A device was designed and built to provide a suitably high yet safe magnetic field to preserve hyperpolarization during sample transfer. Comparative testing demonstrated SNR improvements of approximately two-fold for [(13) C]urea while maintaining SNR for [1-(13) C]pyruvate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,The UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, California, USA
| | | | - Cornelius von Morze
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lucas Carvajal
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mark Van Criekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eugene Milshteyn
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,The UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, California, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,The UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, California, USA
| | | | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,The UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, California, USA
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32
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Abstract
Using density functional theory calculations we demonstrate the existence of a general relation between structure and spin localisation in an important class of organic radicals, and point towards its potential use in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Alcón
- Department de Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional
- Universitat de Barcelona
- E-08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Stefan T. Bromley
- Department de Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional
- Universitat de Barcelona
- E-08028 Barcelona
- Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)
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33
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Flori A, Liserani M, Frijia F, Giovannetti G, Lionetti V, Casieri V, Positano V, Aquaro GD, Recchia FA, Santarelli MF, Landini L, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Menichetti L. Real-time cardiac metabolism assessed with hyperpolarized [1-(13) C]acetate in a large-animal model. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 10:194-202. [PMID: 25201079 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization (dissolution-DNP) for magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic imaging has recently emerged as a novel technique for noninvasive studies of the metabolic fate of biomolecules in vivo. Since acetate is the most abundant extra- and intracellular short-chain fatty acid, we focused on [1-(13) C]acetate as a promising candidate for a chemical probe to study the myocardial metabolism of a beating heart. The dissolution-DNP procedure of Na[1-(13) C]acetate for in vivo cardiac applications with a 3 T MR scanner was optimized in pigs during bolus injection of doses of up to 3 mmol. The Na[1-(13) C]acetate formulation was characterized by a liquid-state polarization of 14.2% and a T1Eff in vivo of 17.6 ± 1.7 s. In vivo Na[1-(13) C]acetate kinetics displayed a bimodal shape: [1-(13) C]acetyl carnitine (AcC) was detected in a slice covering the cardiac volume, and the signal of (13) C-acetate and (13) C-AcC was modeled using the total area under the curve (AUC) for kinetic analysis. A good correlation was found between the ratio AUC(AcC)/AUC(acetate) and the apparent kinetic constant of metabolic conversion, from [1-(13) C]acetate to [1-(13) C]AcC (kAcC ), divided by the AcC longitudinal relaxation rate (r1 ). Our study proved the feasibility and the limitations of administration of large doses of hyperpolarized [1-(13) C]acetate to study the myocardial conversion of [1-(13) C]acetate in [1-(13) C]acetyl-carnitine generated by acetyltransferase in healthy pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Flori
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Giulio Giovannetti
- Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabio A Recchia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Filomena Santarelli
- Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Landini
- Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jan Henrik Ardenkjaer-Larsen
- GE Healthcare, Broendby, Denmark.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Luca Menichetti
- Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Pisa, Italy
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Lumata LL, Martin R, Jindal AK, Kovacs Z, Conradi MS, Merritt ME. Development and performance of a 129-GHz dynamic nuclear polarizer in an ultra-wide bore superconducting magnet. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 28:195-205. [PMID: 25120071 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-014-0455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to build a dynamic nuclear polarization system for operation at 4.6 T (129 GHz) and evaluate its efficiency in terms of (13)C polarization levels using free radicals that span a range of ESR linewidths. MATERIALS AND METHODS A liquid helium cryostat was placed in a 4.6 T superconducting magnet with a 150-mm warm bore diameter. A 129-GHz microwave source was used to irradiate (13)C enriched samples. Temperatures close to 1 K were achieved using a vacuum pump with a 453-m(3)/h roots blower. A hyperpolarized (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal was detected using a saddle coil and a Varian VNMRS console operating at 49.208 MHz. Samples doped with free radicals BDPA (1,3-bisdiphenylene-2-phenylallyl), trityl OX063 (tris{8-carboxyl-2,2,6,6-benzo(1,2-d:4,5-d)-bis(1,3)dithiole-4-yl}methyl sodium salt), galvinoxyl ((2,6-di-tert-butyl-α-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)-p-tolyloxy), 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 4-oxo-TEMPO (4-Oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy) were assayed. Microwave dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) spectra and solid-state (13)C polarization levels for these samples were determined. RESULTS (13)C polarization levels close to 50 % were achieved for [1-(13)C]pyruvic acid at 1.15 K using the narrow electron spin resonance (ESR) linewidth free radicals trityl OX063 and BDPA, while 10-20 % (13)C polarizations were achieved using galvinoxyl, DPPH and 4-oxo-TEMPO. CONCLUSION At this field strength free radicals with smaller ESR linewidths are still superior for DNP of (13)C as opposed to those with linewidths that exceed that of the (1)H Larmor frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd L Lumata
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
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35
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Bowen S, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH. Enhanced performance large volume dissolution-DNP. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2014; 240:90-94. [PMID: 24531395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A systematic study of the performance of the dissolution process in dissolution-DNP is presented. A relatively simple set of modifications is made to the standard Hypersense dissolution system to enable polarization of large volume samples. These consist of a large volume sample cup along with supporting modifications to the dissolution head and related components. Additional modifications were made to support the mapping of the temperature/pressure space of the dissolution process as well as enabling the use of large volumes of solvent and improving the robustness of the system. No loss of polarization was observed as sample size was increased to the 1 g capacity of the large volume cup and for a dilution factor as low as 1:10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Bowen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Electrical Engineering, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jan Henrik Ardenkjaer-Larsen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Electrical Engineering, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; GE Healthcare, Park Alle 295, Broendby, Denmark.
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36
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Reynolds S, Bucur A, Port M, Alizadeh T, Kazan SM, Tozer GM, Paley MNJ. A system for accurate and automated injection of hyperpolarized substrate with minimal dead time and scalable volumes over a large range. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2014; 239:1-8. [PMID: 24355621 PMCID: PMC3969585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Over recent years hyperpolarization by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization has become an established technique for studying metabolism in vivo in animal models. Temporal signal plots obtained from the injected metabolite and daughter products, e.g. pyruvate and lactate, can be fitted to compartmental models to estimate kinetic rate constants. Modeling and physiological parameter estimation can be made more robust by consistent and reproducible injections through automation. An injection system previously developed by us was limited in the injectable volume to between 0.6 and 2.4ml and injection was delayed due to a required syringe filling step. An improved MR-compatible injector system has been developed that measures the pH of injected substrate, uses flow control to reduce dead volume within the injection cannula and can be operated over a larger volume range. The delay time to injection has been minimized by removing the syringe filling step by use of a peristaltic pump. For 100μl to 10.000ml, the volume range typically used for mice to rabbits, the average delivered volume was 97.8% of the demand volume. The standard deviation of delivered volumes was 7μl for 100μl and 20μl for 10.000ml demand volumes (mean S.D. was 9 ul in this range). In three repeat injections through a fixed 0.96mm O.D. tube the coefficient of variation for the area under the curve was 2%. For in vivo injections of hyperpolarized pyruvate in tumor-bearing rats, signal was first detected in the input femoral vein cannula at 3-4s post-injection trigger signal and at 9-12s in tumor tissue. The pH of the injected pyruvate was 7.1±0.3 (mean±S.D., n=10). For small injection volumes, e.g. less than 100μl, the internal diameter of the tubing contained within the peristaltic pump could be reduced to improve accuracy. Larger injection volumes are limited only by the size of the receiving vessel connected to the pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Reynolds
- Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom.
| | - Adriana Bucur
- Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Port
- MRI Unit, Biomedical Services Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Tooba Alizadeh
- Tumor Microcirculation Group, Department of Oncology, CR-UK/YCR Cancer Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Samira M Kazan
- Tumor Microcirculation Group, Department of Oncology, CR-UK/YCR Cancer Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian M Tozer
- Tumor Microcirculation Group, Department of Oncology, CR-UK/YCR Cancer Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Martyn N J Paley
- Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom
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37
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Lim H, Thind K, Martinez-Santiesteban FM, Scholl TJ. Construction and evaluation of a switch-tuned13C -1H birdcage radiofrequency coil for imaging the metabolism of hyperpolarized13C-enriched compounds. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 40:1082-90. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heeseung Lim
- Department of Medical Biophysics; Western University; London Ontario Canada
| | - Kundan Thind
- Department of Medical Biophysics; Western University; London Ontario Canada
| | | | - Timothy James Scholl
- Department of Medical Biophysics; Western University; London Ontario Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Imaging Research Laboratories; Western University; London Ontario, Canada
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38
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Keshari KR, Wilson DM. Chemistry and biochemistry of 13C hyperpolarized magnetic resonance using dynamic nuclear polarization. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 43:1627-59. [PMID: 24363044 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60124b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The study of transient chemical phenomena by conventional NMR has proved elusive, particularly for non-(1)H nuclei. For (13)C, hyperpolarization using the dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) technique has emerged as a powerful means to improve SNR. The recent development of rapid dissolution DNP methods has facilitated previously impossible in vitro and in vivo study of small molecules. This review presents the basics of the DNP technique, identification of appropriate DNP substrates, and approaches to increase hyperpolarized signal lifetimes. Also addressed are the biochemical events to which DNP-NMR has been applied, with descriptions of several probes that have met with in vivo success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
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39
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Cheng T, Mishkovsky M, Bastiaansen JAM, Ouari O, Hautle P, Tordo P, van den Brandt B, Comment A. Automated transfer and injection of hyperpolarized molecules with polarization measurement prior to in vivo NMR. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:1582-1588. [PMID: 23893539 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance via dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization necessitates the transfer of the hyperpolarized molecules from the polarizer to the imager prior to in vivo measurements. This process leads to unavoidable losses in nuclear polarization, which are difficult to evaluate once the solution has been injected into an animal. We propose a method to measure the polarization of the hyperpolarized molecules inside the imager bore, 3 s following dissolution, at the time of the injection, using a precise quantification of the infusate concentration. This in situ quantification allows for distinguishing between signal modulations related to variations in the nuclear polarization at the time of the injection and signal modulations related to physiological processes such as tissue perfusion. In addition, our method includes a radical scavenging process that leads to a minor reduction in sample concentration and takes place within a couple of seconds following the dissolution in order to minimize the losses due to the presence of paramagnetic polarizing agent in the infusate. We showed that proton exchange between vitamin C, the scavenging molecule and the deuterated solvent shortens the long carboxyl (13)C longitudinal relaxation time in [1-(13)C]acetate. This additional source of dipolar relaxation can be avoided by using deuterated ascorbate. Overall, the method allows for a substantial gain in polarization and also leads to an extension of the time window available for in vivo measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Cheng
- Institute of Physics of Biological System, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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