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Kansara S, Sawant P, Kaur T, Garg M, Pandey AK. LncRNA-mediated orchestrations of alternative splicing in the landscape of breast cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2024; 1867:195017. [PMID: 38341138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2024.195017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is a fundamental post-transcriptional process in eukaryotes, enabling a single gene to generate diverse mRNA transcripts, thereby enhancing protein variability. This process involves the excision of introns and the joining of exons in pre-mRNA(s) to form mature mRNA. The resulting mature mRNAs exhibit various combinations of exons, contributing to functional diversity. Dysregulation of AS can substantially modulate protein functions, impacting the onset and progression of numerous diseases, including cancer. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are distinct from protein-coding RNAs and consist of short and long types. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in regulating several cellular processes, particularly alternative splicing, according to new research. This review provides insight into the latest discoveries concerning how lncRNAs influence alternative splicing within the realm of breast cancer. Additionally, it explores potential therapeutic strategies focused on targeting lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarth Kansara
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Haryana 122413, India
| | - Prajwali Sawant
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Haryana 122413, India
| | - Taranjeet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Amit Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India.
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2
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Stojnev S, Conic I, Ristic Petrovic A, Petkovic I, Radic M, Krstic M, Jankovic Velickovic L. The Association of Death Receptors and TGF-β1 Expression in Urothelial Bladder Cancer and Their Prognostic Significance. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1123. [PMID: 38791085 PMCID: PMC11117556 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Death receptor signalization that triggers the extrinsic apoptotic pathway and TGF-β1 have important roles in urothelial carcinogenesis, with a complex interplay between them. The aim of this research was to assess the association of death receptors DR4, DR5, and FAS as well as TGF-β1 immunohistochemical expression with the clinicopathological characteristics of urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) and to evaluate their prognostic significance. The decrease or loss of death receptors' expression was significantly associated with muscle-invasive tumors, while non-invasive UBC often retains the expression of death receptors, which are mutually strongly linked. High DR4 expression is a marker of low-grade tumors and UBC associated with exposition to known carcinogens. Conversely, TGF-β1 was significantly associated with high tumor grade and advanced stage. High expression of DR4 and FAS indicates longer overall survival. High TGF-β1 signifies an inferior outcome and is an independent predictor of adverse prognosis in UBC patients. This study reveals the expression profile of death receptors in UBC and their possible interconnection with TGF-β1 and indicates independent prognostic significance of high FAS and TGF-β1 expression in UBC, which may contribute to deciphering the enigma of UBC heterogeneity in light of the rapid development of novel and effective therapeutic approaches, including targeting of the TRAIL-induced apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Stojnev
- Center for Pathology, University Clinical Center Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Irena Conic
- Clinic of Oncology, University Clinical Center Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (I.C.)
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Ana Ristic Petrovic
- Center for Pathology, University Clinical Center Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Ivan Petkovic
- Clinic of Oncology, University Clinical Center Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (I.C.)
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Milica Radic
- Clinic of Oncology, University Clinical Center Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (I.C.)
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Miljan Krstic
- Center for Pathology, University Clinical Center Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Ljubinka Jankovic Velickovic
- Center for Pathology, University Clinical Center Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
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3
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Rossetti A, Chonco L, Alegría N, Zelli V, García AJ, Ramírez-Castillejo C, Tessitore A, de Cabo C, Landete-Castillejos T, Festuccia C. General Direct Anticancer Effects of Deer Growing Antler Extract in Several Tumour Cell Lines, and Immune System-Mediated Effects in Xenograft Glioblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:610. [PMID: 38794272 PMCID: PMC11125008 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Deer antlers are the fastest growing tissue. Because they are based on proto-oncogenes, to avoid the risk of cancer, antlers evolved strong anticancer mechanisms, and thus their extract (DVA) is effective also against the few human tumours studied so far. We assessed whether DVA is a general anticancer compound by testing the direct effects in cells of different tumours: glioblastoma (GBM; lines U87MG and U251), colorectal (CRC; lines DLD-1, HT-29, SW480, and SW620), breast cancer (BRCA; lines MCF7, SKBR3, and PA00), and leukaemia (THP-1). DVA reduced the viability of tumours but not healthy cells (NHC; lines 293T and HaCaT). Mobility decreased at least for the longest test (72 h). Intraperitoneal/oral 200 mg DVA/kg administration in GBM xenograft mice for 28 d reduced tumour weight by 66.3% and 61.4% respectively, and it also reduced spleen weight (43.8%). In addition, tumours treated with DVA showed symptoms of liquefactive necrosis. Serum cytokines showed DVA up-regulated factors related to tumour fighting and down-regulated those related to inducing immune tolerance to the tumour. DVA shows general anticancer effects in the lines tested and, in GBM mice, also strong indirect effects apparently mediated by the immune system. DVA may contain a future anticancer medicine without secondary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rossetti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.R.); (V.Z.); (A.T.); (C.F.)
| | - Louis Chonco
- Instituto de Desarrollo Regional (IDR), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02071 Albacete, Spain; (L.C.); (N.A.); (A.J.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC; UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Nicolas Alegría
- Instituto de Desarrollo Regional (IDR), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02071 Albacete, Spain; (L.C.); (N.A.); (A.J.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC; UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Montes y Biotecnología (ETSIAMB), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, Department of Biotechnology-Vegetal Biology, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Veronica Zelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.R.); (V.Z.); (A.T.); (C.F.)
| | - Andrés J. García
- Instituto de Desarrollo Regional (IDR), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02071 Albacete, Spain; (L.C.); (N.A.); (A.J.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC; UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Montes y Biotecnología (ETSIAMB), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Carmen Ramírez-Castillejo
- Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, Department of Biotechnology-Vegetal Biology, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alessandra Tessitore
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.R.); (V.Z.); (A.T.); (C.F.)
| | - Carlos de Cabo
- Research Department, Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete (CHUA), 02071 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Tomás Landete-Castillejos
- Instituto de Desarrollo Regional (IDR), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02071 Albacete, Spain; (L.C.); (N.A.); (A.J.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC; UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Montes y Biotecnología (ETSIAMB), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.R.); (V.Z.); (A.T.); (C.F.)
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Najafiyan B, Bokaii Hosseini Z, Esmaelian S, Firuzpour F, Rahimipour Anaraki S, Kalantari L, Hheidari A, Mesgari H, Nabi-Afjadi M. Unveiling the potential effects of resveratrol in lung cancer treatment: Mechanisms and nanoparticle-based drug delivery strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116207. [PMID: 38295754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer ranks among the most prevalent forms of cancer and remains a significant factor in cancer-related mortality across the world. It poses significant challenges to healthcare systems and society as a whole due to its high incidence, mortality rates, and late-stage diagnosis. Resveratrol (RV), a natural compound found in various plants, has shown potential as a nanomedicine for lung cancer treatment. RV has varied effects on cancer cells, including promoting apoptosis by increasing pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and Bak) and decreasing anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2). It also hinders cell proliferation by influencing important signaling pathways (MAPK, mTOR, PI3K/Akt, and Wnt/β-catenin) that govern cancer progression. In addition, RV acts as a potent antioxidant, diminishing oxidative stress and safeguarding cells against DNA damage. However, using RV alone in cancer treatment has drawbacks, such as low bioavailability, lack of targeting ability, and susceptibility to degradation. In contrast, nanoparticle-based delivery systems address these limitations and hold promise for improving treatment outcomes in lung cancer; nanoparticle formulations of RV offer advantages such as improved drug delivery, increased stability, controlled release, and targeted delivery to lung cancer cells. This article will provide an overview of lung cancer, explore the potential of RV as a therapeutic agent, discuss the benefits and challenges of nanoparticle-based drug delivery, and highlight the promise of RV nanoparticles for cancer treatment, including lung cancer. By optimizing these systems for clinical application, future studies aim to enhance overall treatment outcomes and improve the prognosis for lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Najafiyan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Samar Esmaelian
- Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Firuzpour
- Student of Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Leila Kalantari
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Hheidari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Mesgari
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Bhosale PG, Kennedy RA, Watt FM. Caspase activation in tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes is associated with lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Pathol 2023; 261:43-54. [PMID: 37443405 PMCID: PMC10772935 DOI: 10.1002/path.6145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are genetically heterogeneous and exhibit diverse stromal and immune microenvironments. Acquired resistance to standard chemo-, radio-, and targeted therapies remains a major hurdle in planning effective treatment modalities for OSCC patients. Since Caspase 8 (CASP8) is frequently mutated in OSCCs, we were interested to explore a potential interaction between tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and CASP8 activation using high-content image analysis of human tumour (n = 32) sections. Despite the lymphocyte-rich tumour microenvironment, we observed lower activation of CASP8 (0-10% of tumour area) and its downstream effector CASP3 (0-6%) in tumours than in normal oral epithelium. Conversely, we found apoptosis was high for all the lymphocyte subtypes examined (38-52% of lymphocytes within tumour islands). Tumours with higher Fas ligand (FasL) expression had a significantly higher proportion of cleaved CASP3/8 positive cytotoxic T cells within the tumour islands (p = 0.05), and this was associated with the presence of lymph node metastatic disease [odds ratio: 1.046, 95% confidence interval (1.002-1.091), p = 0.039]. Our finding of extensive activation of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis in TILs, together with evidence of higher FasL in CASP8 mutated tumours, may be useful in predicting the course of disease in individual patients. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka G Bhosale
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Robert A Kennedy
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHeidelbergGermany
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6
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Liu Q, Ma L, Ma H, Yang L, Xu Z. Establishment of a prognostic nomogram for patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma incorporating clinical characteristics and dynamic changes in hematological and inflammatory markers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1032213. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1032213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThis study aims to investigate the prognostic value of changes in hematological and inflammatory markers during induction chemotherapy (IC) and concurrent chemo-radiation (CCRT), thus construct nomograms to predict progression free survival (PFS) of patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC).Methods130 patients were included in this prospective analysis. Univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses were conducted to identify prognostic factors. Three multivariate analyses integrating different groups of variables were conducted independently. Concordance indexes (c-index), calibration plots and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to evaluate the nomograms. Bootstrap validation was performed to determine the accuracy of the nomogram using 1000 resamples. The performances of proposed nomograms and TNM staging system were compared to validate the prognostic value of hematological and inflammatory markers.ResultsPretreatment gross tumor volume of nodal disease (GTVn), Δe/bHGB (hemoglobin count at end of treatment/baseline hemoglobin count), and stage were selected as predictors for 3-year PFS in first multivariate analysis of clinical factors. The second multivariate analysis of clinical factors and all hematological variables demonstrated that ΔminLYM (minimum lymphocyte count during CCRT/lymphocyte count post-IC), pretreatment GTVn and stage were associated with 3-year PFS. Final multivariate analysis, incorporating all clinical factors, hematological variables and inflammatory markers, identified the following prognostic factors: pretreatment GTVn, stage, ΔmaxPLR (maximum platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) during CCRT/PLR post-IC), and ΔminPLT (minimum platelet count during CCRT/platelet count post-IC). Calibration plots showed agreement between the PFS predicted by the nomograms and actual PFS. Kaplan–Meier curves demonstrated that patients in the high-risk group had shorter PFS than those in the low-risk group (P ≤ 0.001). The c-indexes of the three nomograms for PFS were 0.742 (95% CI, 0.639-0.846), 0.766 (95% CI, 0.661-0.871) and 0.815 (95% CI,0.737-0.893) respectively, while c-index of current TNM staging system was 0.633 (95% CI, 0.531-0.736).ConclusionWe developed and validated a nomogram for predicting PFS in patients with LANPC who received induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemo-radiation. Our study confirmed the prognostic value of dynamic changes in hematological and inflammatory markers. The proposed nomogram outperformed the current TNM staging system in predicting PFS, facilitating risk stratification and guiding individualized treatment plans.
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Sorrentino C, D'Antonio L, Ciummo SL, Fieni C, Landuzzi L, Ruzzi F, Vespa S, Lanuti P, Lotti LV, Lollini PL, Di Carlo E. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of Interleukin-30 suppresses IGF1 and CXCL5 and boosts SOCS3 reducing prostate cancer growth and mortality. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:145. [PMID: 36224639 PMCID: PMC9559017 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic prostate cancer (PC) is a leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Targeting of the culprits of disease progression is an unmet need. Interleukin (IL)-30 promotes PC onset and development, but whether it can be a suitable therapeutic target remains to be investigated. Here, we shed light on the relationship between IL30 and canonical PC driver genes and explored the anti-tumor potential of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of IL30. METHODS PC cell production of, and response to, IL30 was tested by flow cytometry, immunoelectron microscopy, invasion and migration assays and PCR arrays. Syngeneic and xenograft models were used to investigate the effects of IL30, and its deletion by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, on tumor growth. Bioinformatics of transcriptional data and immunopathology of PC samples were used to assess the translational value of the experimental findings. RESULTS Human membrane-bound IL30 promoted PC cell proliferation, invasion and migration in association with STAT1/STAT3 phosphorylation, similarly to its murine, but secreted, counterpart. Both human and murine IL30 regulated PC driver and immunity genes and shared the upregulation of oncogenes, BCL2 and NFKB1, immunoregulatory mediators, IL1A, TNF, TLR4, PTGS2, PD-L1, STAT3, and chemokine receptors, CCR2, CCR4, CXCR5. In human PC cells, IL30 improved the release of IGF1 and CXCL5, which mediated, via autocrine loops, its potent proliferative effect. Deletion of IL30 dramatically downregulated BCL2, NFKB1, STAT3, IGF1 and CXCL5, whereas tumor suppressors, primarily SOCS3, were upregulated. Syngeneic and xenograft PC models demonstrated IL30's ability to boost cancer proliferation, vascularization and myeloid-derived cell infiltration, which were hindered, along with tumor growth and metastasis, by IL30 deletion, with improved host survival. RNA-Seq data from the PanCancer collection and immunohistochemistry of high-grade locally advanced PCs demonstrated an inverse association (chi-squared test, p = 0.0242) between IL30 and SOCS3 expression and a longer progression-free survival of patients with IL30NegSOCS3PosPC, when compared to patients with IL30PosSOCS3NegPC. CONCLUSIONS Membrane-anchored IL30 expressed by human PC cells shares a tumor progression programs with its murine homolog and, via juxtacrine signals, steers a complex network of PC driver and immunity genes promoting prostate oncogenesis. The efficacy of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeting of IL30 in curbing PC progression paves the way for its clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Sorrentino
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi D'Antonio
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Livia Ciummo
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristiano Fieni
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorena Landuzzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Ruzzi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Vespa
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Pier Luigi Lollini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emma Di Carlo
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. .,Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L. Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
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Tsai YT, Ko CA, Chen HC, Hsu CM, Lai CH, Lee YC, Tsai MS, Chang GH, Huang EI, Fang KH. Prognostic Value of CRP-Albumin-Lymphocyte (CALLY) Index in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Oral Cavity Cancer. J Cancer 2022; 13:3000-3012. [PMID: 36046647 PMCID: PMC9414026 DOI: 10.7150/jca.74930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prognostic value of the CRP-albumin-lymphocyte index (CALLY index) was analyzed in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) undergoing curative surgery. Methods: We retrospectively included 279 patients who were diagnosed as having primary OSCC and being treated with surgery. The optimal cutoff for the preoperative CALLY index was identified by considering the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; subsequently, the discriminatory ability of the cutoff was determined. We employed Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test to elucidate associations between the CALLY index and survival outcomes. We identified prognostic variables by using the Cox proportional hazards model. Finally, we devised a nomogram based on the CALLY index for predicting individualized survival. Results: The cutoff value of the CALLY index was determined to be 0.65. A CALLY index < 0.65 exhibited a significant association with pathological aggressiveness as well as shorter overall and disease-free survival (OS and DFS, both P < 0.001). A low CALLY index was an independent risk factor for short OS and DFS [hazard ratio = 3.816; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.393-6.086; P < 0.001; and hazard ratio = 2.103; 95% CI 1.451-3.049; P < 0.001, respectively] in multivariate Cox analysis. The prognostic nomogram based on the CALLY index yielded accurate predictions of OS, as revealed by a concordance index of 0.797. Conclusions: The preoperative CALLY index is easy and inexpensive to calculate and, in patients with OSCC, can be a valuable prognostic biomarker. The CALLY-index-based nomogram established in this study provides accurate survival predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Te Tsai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-An Ko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chin Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Hsu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Lai
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chan Lee
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shao Tsai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Geng-He Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ethan I Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ku-Hao Fang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Intratumoral IL-28B Gene Delivery Elicits Antitumor Effects by Remodeling of the Tumor Microenvironment in H22-Bearing Mice. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:1345971. [PMID: 35935577 PMCID: PMC9352479 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1345971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-28B, belonging to type III interferons (IFN-λs), exhibits a potent antitumor activity with reduced regulated T cells (Tregs) population, yet the effect of IL-28B on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and if IL-28B can downregulate Tregs directly in vitro are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of IL-28B on Tregs in the spleen and TME in H22 tumor-bearing mice and verified the downregulation of IL-28B on Tregs in vitro. We found that rAd-mIL-28B significantly inhibited tumor growth and reduced the frequency of splenic CD4+Foxp3+ T cells. The levels of CXCL13, ICAM-1, MCP-5, and IL-7 in the serum, and the levels of IL-15 and sFasL in the tumor tissue decreased significantly after rAd-mIL-28B treatment relative to rAd-EGFP. Furthermore, the percentage of CD8+ cells in the TME was significantly increased in the rAd-mIL-28B group compared with the untreated group. In vitro, splenocytes were stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 and IL-2 in the presence of TGF-β with or without IL-28B for three days and followed by flow cytometric, RT-PCR, and IL-10 production analysis. The results showed that IL-28B significantly reduced the proportion of induced Foxp3+ cells. It demonstrated that IL-28B may be used as a promising immunotherapy strategy against cancer.
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10
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Wang YT, Kuo LT, Weng HH, Hsu CM, Tsai MS, Chang GH, Lee YC, Huang EI, Tsai YT. Systemic Immun e–Inflammation Index as a Predictor for Head and Neck Cancer Prognosis: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:899518. [PMID: 35814369 PMCID: PMC9263088 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.899518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have reported inconsistent results regarding the prognostic value of the systemic immune–inflammation index (SII) in head and neck cancer (HNC). Thus, the present meta-analysis assessed the literature on the prognostic value of SII in those with HNC. Methods The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed databases were searched, and study methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale. To determine the association of the SII with survival outcomes, pooled hazard ratios (HRs) as well as the associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used. To assess the associations of the SII with clinicopathological features, the odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% CIs were considered. Begg’s funnel plot and Egger’s linear regression test were used to assess publication bias. Results A total of 12 studies that together enrolled 4369 patients with HNC were analyzed. In the pooled results, a high pretreatment SII was correlated with poorer overall survival (HR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.62–2.70, p < 0.001), disease-free survival (HR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.99−3.89, p < 0.001), and progression-free survival (HR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.30−2.48, p < 0.001). A stratified analysis indicated that SII for overall survival was applicable regardless of tumor site, treatment modality, overall stage, sample size, SII cutoff, and method for determining the SII cutoff. Furthermore, a high SII was correlated with a more advanced T classification (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.09–1.18, p < 0.001) and nodal metastasis (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.18–2.05, p = 0.002) in patients with HNC. Conclusions An elevated pretreatment SII predicts more advanced tumor and nodal status and poorer survival outcomes in cases of HNC. Because the measurement of SII is convenient and its use is cost-effective, we suggest that it can be applied by clinicians in the management of HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ting Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Tseng Kuo
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Huei Weng
- Department of Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Hsu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shao Tsai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Geng-He Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chan Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ethan I. Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Te Tsai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Yao-Te Tsai,
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11
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Hwang M, Canzoniero JV, Rosner S, Zhang G, White JR, Belcaid Z, Cherry C, Balan A, Pereira G, Curry A, Niknafs N, Zhang J, Smith KN, Sivapalan L, Chaft JE, Reuss JE, Marrone K, Murray JC, Li QK, Lam V, Levy BP, Hann C, Velculescu VE, Brahmer JR, Forde PM, Seiwert T, Anagnostou V. Peripheral blood immune cell dynamics reflect antitumor immune responses and predict clinical response to immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004688. [PMID: 35688557 PMCID: PMC9189831 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite treatment advancements with immunotherapy, our understanding of response relies on tissue-based, static tumor features such as tumor mutation burden (TMB) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. These approaches are limited in capturing the plasticity of tumor-immune system interactions under selective pressure of immune checkpoint blockade and predicting therapeutic response and long-term outcomes. Here, we investigate the relationship between serial assessment of peripheral blood cell counts and tumor burden dynamics in the context of an evolving tumor ecosystem during immune checkpoint blockade. METHODS Using machine learning, we integrated dynamics in peripheral blood immune cell subsets, including neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), from 239 patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and predicted clinical outcome with immune checkpoint blockade. We then sought to interpret NLR dynamics in the context of transcriptomic and T cell repertoire trajectories for 26 patients with early stage NSCLC who received neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade. We further determined the relationship between NLR dynamics, pathologic response and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) clearance. RESULTS Integrated dynamics of peripheral blood cell counts, predominantly NLR dynamics and changes in eosinophil levels, predicted clinical outcome, outperforming both TMB and PD-L1 expression. As early changes in NLR were a key predictor of response, we linked NLR dynamics with serial RNA sequencing deconvolution and T cell receptor sequencing to investigate differential tumor microenvironment reshaping during therapy for patients with reduction in peripheral NLR. Reductions in NLR were associated with induction of interferon-γ responses driving the expression of antigen presentation and proinflammatory gene sets coupled with reshaping of the intratumoral T cell repertoire. In addition, NLR dynamics reflected tumor regression assessed by pathological responses and complemented ctDNA kinetics in predicting long-term outcome. Elevated peripheral eosinophil levels during immune checkpoint blockade were correlated with therapeutic response in both metastatic and early stage cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that early dynamics in peripheral blood immune cell subsets reflect changes in the tumor microenvironment and capture antitumor immune responses, ultimately reflecting clinical outcomes with immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hwang
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jenna Vanliere Canzoniero
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samuel Rosner
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guangfan Zhang
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James R White
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zineb Belcaid
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Cherry
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Archana Balan
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gavin Pereira
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexandria Curry
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Noushin Niknafs
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kellie N Smith
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lavanya Sivapalan
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jamie E Chaft
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joshua E Reuss
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kristen Marrone
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph C Murray
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qing Kay Li
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vincent Lam
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin P Levy
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christine Hann
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Victor E Velculescu
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julie R Brahmer
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick M Forde
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tanguy Seiwert
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valsamo Anagnostou
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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12
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Abstract
Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) carries a poor prognosis with a 5-year overall survival rate of 40-50%. For localized disease, radical treatment options are cystectomy or radiotherapy with or without a radiosensitiser. Neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy is often delivered in addition to either. Metastatic disease can be treated with palliative systemic chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Standard clinicopathological information is insufficient to guide treatment decisions in several clinical scenarios in MIBC and there has been substantial effort to identify predictive and prognostic biomarkers. Despite this, no biomarker has been sufficiently qualified in prospective clinical trials to justify routine use. In this chapter we discuss these biomarkers and provide insight into the significant unmet need for robust biomarkers to inform treatment decisions and ultimately improve outcomes for bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Wilson
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nuradh Joseph
- Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Sri Lanka Cancer Research Group, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Ananya Choudhury
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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13
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Wilczyński JR, Nowak M. Cancer Immunoediting: Elimination, Equilibrium, and Immune Escape in Solid Tumors. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2022; 113:1-57. [PMID: 35165859 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91311-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Emphasizing the dynamic processes between cancer and host immune system, the initially discovered concept of cancer immunosurveillance has been replaced by the current concept of cancer immunoediting consisting of three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape. Solid tumors composed of both cancer and host stromal cells are an example how the three phases of cancer immunoediting functionally evolve and how tumor shaped by the host immune system gets finally resistant phenotype. The elimination, equilibrium, and escape have been described in this chapter in details, including the role of immune surveillance, cancer dormancy, disruption of the antigen-presenting machinery, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, resistance to apoptosis, as well as the function of tumor stroma, microvesicles, exosomes, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek R Wilczyński
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marek Nowak
- Department of Operative Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Operative and Endoscopic Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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14
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Sakaguchi M, Maebayashi T, Aizawa T, Ishibashi N, Okada M. Association between unintentional splenic radiation and lymphopenia and high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio after radiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:5076-5084. [PMID: 35116359 PMCID: PMC8798520 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-1765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Unintentional irradiation of the spleen may reduce absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), which can affect tumor immunity. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated spleen dose-volume parameters associated with ALC and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with esophageal cancer. Methods This retrospective study evaluated patients who were diagnosed with stage I–IV esophageal cancer and who received radiotherapy at Nihon University Itabashi Hospital between January 2015 and March 2020. Spleen V5, V10, V20, and V30 and mean spleen dose, which are dose-volume histogram parameters correlated with ALC and NLR, were analyzed. Results In total, 89 esophageal cancer patients with a median age of 72 years (range, 51–92 years) were included in this research. Results showed that spleen V5, V10, and V20 and mean splenic dose were significantly correlated with a low ALC. Meanwhile, a significant association was observed between spleen V5 and V10 and a high NLR (P<0.05). In the linear regression analysis, spleen V5 and V10 were remarkably associated with a low ALC (P=0.006 and 0.008). Further, a correlation was noted between spleen V5 and a high NLR (P=0.019). Spleen V5 and V10 were remarkably associated with greater than grade 3 lymphopenia (P=0.024 and P=0.031). Conclusions A correlation was observed between the irradiated volume of the spleen and ALC and NLR in patients with esophageal cancer. Furthermore, the spleen should be regarded as a high-risk organ, and the use of techniques in reducing spleen V5, V10 for the preservation of tumor immunity may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakuni Sakaguchi
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Maebayashi
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Aizawa
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Ishibashi
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okada
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Rajwa P, Huebner NA, Hostermann DI, Grossmann NC, Schuettfort VM, Korn S, Quhal F, König F, Mostafaei H, Laukhtina E, Mori K, Motlagh RS, Yanagisawa T, Aydh A, Bryniarski P, Pradere B, Paradysz A, Baltzer PA, Grubmüller B, Shariat SF. Evaluation of the Predictive Role of Blood-Based Biomarkers in the Context of Suspicious Prostate MRI in Patients Undergoing Prostate Biopsy. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111231. [PMID: 34834583 PMCID: PMC8625876 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of pre-biopsy blood-based markers in patients undergoing a fusion biopsy for suspicious prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We identified 365 consecutive patients who underwent MRI-targeted and systematic prostate biopsy for an MRI scored Prostate Imaging–Reporting and Data System Version (PI-RADS) ≥ 3. We evaluated the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR,) de Ritis ratio, modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), and prognostic nutrition index (PNI). Uni- and multivariable logistic models were used to analyze the association of the biomarkers with biopsy findings. The clinical benefits of biomarkers implemented in clinical decision-making were assessed using decision curve analysis (DCA). In total, 69% and 58% of patients were diagnosed with any prostate cancer and Gleason Grade (GG) ≥ 2, respectively. On multivariable analysis, only high dNLR (odds ratio (OR) 2.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23–5.56, p = 0.02) and low PNI (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26–0.88, p = 0.02) remained independent predictors for GG ≥ 2. The logistic regression models with biomarkers reached AUCs of 0.824–0.849 for GG ≥ 2. The addition of dNLR and PNI did not enhance the net benefit of a standard clinical model. Finally, we created the nomogram that may help guide biopsy avoidance in patients with suspicious MRI. In patients with PI-RADS ≥ 3 lesions undergoing MRI-targeted and systematic biopsy, a high dNLR and low PNI were associated with unfavorable biopsy outcomes. Pre-biopsy blood-based biomarkers did not, however, significantly improve the discriminatory power and failed to add a clinical benefit beyond standard clinical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Rajwa
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (P.B.); (A.P.)
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.A.H.); (D.I.H.); (N.C.G.); (V.M.S.); (S.K.); (F.Q.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (E.L.); (K.M.); (R.S.M.); (T.Y.); (A.A.); (B.P.); (B.G.); (S.F.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-32-37-04-405
| | - Nicolai A. Huebner
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.A.H.); (D.I.H.); (N.C.G.); (V.M.S.); (S.K.); (F.Q.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (E.L.); (K.M.); (R.S.M.); (T.Y.); (A.A.); (B.P.); (B.G.); (S.F.S.)
- Working Group for Diagnostic Imaging in Urology (ABDU), Austrian Association of Urology (ÖGU), 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dadjar I. Hostermann
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.A.H.); (D.I.H.); (N.C.G.); (V.M.S.); (S.K.); (F.Q.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (E.L.); (K.M.); (R.S.M.); (T.Y.); (A.A.); (B.P.); (B.G.); (S.F.S.)
| | - Nico C. Grossmann
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.A.H.); (D.I.H.); (N.C.G.); (V.M.S.); (S.K.); (F.Q.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (E.L.); (K.M.); (R.S.M.); (T.Y.); (A.A.); (B.P.); (B.G.); (S.F.S.)
- Department of Urology, Luzerner Kantonsspital, 6000 Lucerne, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Victor M. Schuettfort
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.A.H.); (D.I.H.); (N.C.G.); (V.M.S.); (S.K.); (F.Q.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (E.L.); (K.M.); (R.S.M.); (T.Y.); (A.A.); (B.P.); (B.G.); (S.F.S.)
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Korn
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.A.H.); (D.I.H.); (N.C.G.); (V.M.S.); (S.K.); (F.Q.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (E.L.); (K.M.); (R.S.M.); (T.Y.); (A.A.); (B.P.); (B.G.); (S.F.S.)
| | - Fahad Quhal
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.A.H.); (D.I.H.); (N.C.G.); (V.M.S.); (S.K.); (F.Q.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (E.L.); (K.M.); (R.S.M.); (T.Y.); (A.A.); (B.P.); (B.G.); (S.F.S.)
- Department of Urology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam 32253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Frederik König
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.A.H.); (D.I.H.); (N.C.G.); (V.M.S.); (S.K.); (F.Q.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (E.L.); (K.M.); (R.S.M.); (T.Y.); (A.A.); (B.P.); (B.G.); (S.F.S.)
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hadi Mostafaei
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.A.H.); (D.I.H.); (N.C.G.); (V.M.S.); (S.K.); (F.Q.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (E.L.); (K.M.); (R.S.M.); (T.Y.); (A.A.); (B.P.); (B.G.); (S.F.S.)
- Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-15731, Iran
| | - Ekaterina Laukhtina
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.A.H.); (D.I.H.); (N.C.G.); (V.M.S.); (S.K.); (F.Q.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (E.L.); (K.M.); (R.S.M.); (T.Y.); (A.A.); (B.P.); (B.G.); (S.F.S.)
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, 19435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Keiichiro Mori
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.A.H.); (D.I.H.); (N.C.G.); (V.M.S.); (S.K.); (F.Q.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (E.L.); (K.M.); (R.S.M.); (T.Y.); (A.A.); (B.P.); (B.G.); (S.F.S.)
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Reza Sari Motlagh
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.A.H.); (D.I.H.); (N.C.G.); (V.M.S.); (S.K.); (F.Q.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (E.L.); (K.M.); (R.S.M.); (T.Y.); (A.A.); (B.P.); (B.G.); (S.F.S.)
- Men’s Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Takafumi Yanagisawa
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.A.H.); (D.I.H.); (N.C.G.); (V.M.S.); (S.K.); (F.Q.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (E.L.); (K.M.); (R.S.M.); (T.Y.); (A.A.); (B.P.); (B.G.); (S.F.S.)
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Abdulmajeed Aydh
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.A.H.); (D.I.H.); (N.C.G.); (V.M.S.); (S.K.); (F.Q.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (E.L.); (K.M.); (R.S.M.); (T.Y.); (A.A.); (B.P.); (B.G.); (S.F.S.)
- Department of Urology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam 32253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Piotr Bryniarski
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (P.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Benjamin Pradere
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.A.H.); (D.I.H.); (N.C.G.); (V.M.S.); (S.K.); (F.Q.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (E.L.); (K.M.); (R.S.M.); (T.Y.); (A.A.); (B.P.); (B.G.); (S.F.S.)
| | - Andrzej Paradysz
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (P.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Pascal A. Baltzer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Bernhard Grubmüller
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.A.H.); (D.I.H.); (N.C.G.); (V.M.S.); (S.K.); (F.Q.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (E.L.); (K.M.); (R.S.M.); (T.Y.); (A.A.); (B.P.); (B.G.); (S.F.S.)
| | - Shahrokh F. Shariat
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.A.H.); (D.I.H.); (N.C.G.); (V.M.S.); (S.K.); (F.Q.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (E.L.); (K.M.); (R.S.M.); (T.Y.); (A.A.); (B.P.); (B.G.); (S.F.S.)
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, 19435 Moscow, Russia
- Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, 1010 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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Cilibrasi C, Papanastasopoulos P, Samuels M, Giamas G. Reconstituting Immune Surveillance in Breast Cancer: Molecular Pathophysiology and Current Immunotherapy Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112015. [PMID: 34769447 PMCID: PMC8584417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, breast cancer immunotherapy has emerged as an active field of research, generating novel, targeted treatments for the disease. Immunotherapies carry enormous potential to improve survival in breast cancer, particularly for the subtypes carrying the poorest prognoses. Here, we review the mechanisms by which cancer evades immune destruction as well as the history of breast cancer immunotherapies and recent developments, including clinical trials that have shaped the treatment of the disease with a focus on cell therapies, vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, and oncolytic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cilibrasi
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (G.G.); Tel.: +44-(0)127-3877-994 (C.C.); +44-(0)127-3873-163 (G.G.)
| | | | | | - Georgios Giamas
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (G.G.); Tel.: +44-(0)127-3877-994 (C.C.); +44-(0)127-3873-163 (G.G.)
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17
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Iorio GC, Spieler BO, Ricardi U, Dal Pra A. The Impact of Pelvic Nodal Radiotherapy on Hematologic Toxicity: A Systematic Review with Focus on Leukopenia, Lymphopenia and Future Perspectives in Prostate Cancer Treatment. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 168:103497. [PMID: 34666186 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hematologic toxicity (HT), particularly leukopenia, is a common side-effect of oncologic treatments for pelvic malignancies. Pelvic nodal radiotherapy (PNRT) has been associated with HT development mainly through incidental bone marrow (BM) irradiation; however, several questions remain about the clinical impact of radiotherapy-related HT. Herein, we perform a systematic review of the available evidence on PNRT and HT. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive systematic literature search was performed through EMBASE. Hand searching and clinicaltrials.gov were also used. RESULTS While BM-related dose-volume parameters and BM-sparing techniques have been more thoroughly investigated in pelvic malignancies such as cervical, anal, and rectal cancers, the importance of BM as an organ-at-risk has received less attention in prostate cancer treatment. CONCLUSIONS We examined the available evidence regarding the impact of PNRT on HT, with a focus on prostate cancer treatment. We suggest that BM should be regarded as an organ-at-risk for patients undergoing PNRT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Oren Spieler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Umberto Ricardi
- Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alan Dal Pra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Wei B, Yu M, Yao J, Jiang M, An J, Yang J, Lin J, Zhao Y, Zhu Y. Multidimensional Analyses of Tumor Immune Microenvironment Reveal the Possible Rationality of Immunotherapy and Identify High Immunotherapy Response Subtypes for Renal Papillary Cell Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:657951. [PMID: 34531849 PMCID: PMC8438207 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.657951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), the second most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma, still lacks effective treatment regimens for individualized immunotherapy because of the heterogeneity of its elusive immune microenvironment. Therefore, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate the immune microenvironment of KIRP by using the computational biology strategy to analyze the expression profile data of 289 KIRP patients obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Based on multidimensional, multi-omics bioinformatics analysis, we found that the tumor of patients with KIRP exhibited “hot” tumor characteristics but the CD8+ T cells in the tumor tissues did not limit tumor progression. Thus, patients with KIRP may realize higher clinical benefits by receiving treatment that can reverse CD8+ T-cell exhaustion. Among them, C1 and C3 immune subtypes could realize the best efficacy of reversing CD8+ T-cell exhaustion. Moreover, CCL5 and FASLG expression may be related to the formation of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in the tumors of patients with KIRP. In conclusion, the immune microenvironment landscape presented in this study provides a novel insight for further experimental and clinical exploration of tailored immunotherapy for patients with KIRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal Research, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jihang Yao
- Department of Gynecology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingzhe Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun An
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jieping Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiaxing Lin
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongkang Zhao
- National Institute of Health and Medical Big Data, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Precision Medicine of China Medical University and Northeastern University, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuyan Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Precision Medicine of China Medical University and Northeastern University, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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Rajwa P, Schuettfort VM, D'Andrea D, Quhal F, Mori K, Katayama S, Laukhtina E, Pradere B, Motlagh RS, Mostafaei H, Grossmann NC, Huebner N, Aulitzky A, Mun DH, Briganti A, Karakiewicz PI, Fajkovic H, Shariat SF. Impact of systemic Immune-inflammation Index on oncologic outcomes in patients treated with radical prostatectomy for clinically nonmetastatic prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2021; 39:785.e19-785.e27. [PMID: 34116934 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the predictive and prognostic value of the Systemic Immune-inflammation Index (SII) in a large cohort of patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) for clinically non-metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed our multicenter database comprising 6,039 consecutive patients. The optimal preoperative SII cut-off value was assessed with the Youden index calculated on a time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Logistic regression and Cox regression analyses were used to investigate the association of SII with pathologic features and biochemical recurrence (BCR), respectively. The discriminatory ability of the models was evaluated by calculating the concordance-indices (C-Index). The clinical benefit of the implementation of SII in clinical decision making was assessed using decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS Patients with high preoperative SII (≥ 620) were more likely to have adverse clinicopathologic features. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, high preoperative SII was independently associated with extracapsular extension (odds ratio [OR] 1.16, P = 0.041), non-organ confined disease (OR 1.18, P = 0.022), and upgrading at RP (OR 1.23, P < 0.001). We built two Cox regression models including preoperative and postoperative variables. In the preoperative multivariable model, high preoperative SII was associated with BCR (hazard ratio [HR] 1.34, 95% CI 1.15-1.55, P < 0.001). In the postoperative multivariable model, SII was not associated with BCR (P = 0.078). The addition of SII to established models did not improve their discriminatory ability nor did it increase the clinical net benefit on DCA. CONCLUSION In men treated with RP for clinically nonmetastatic PCa, high preoperative SII was statistically associated with an increased risk of adverse pathologic features at RP as well as BCR. However, it did not improve the predictive accuracy and clinical value beyond that obtained by current predictive and prognostic models. SII together with a panel of complementary biomarkers is praised to help guide decision-making in clinically nonmetastatic PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Rajwa
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Victor M Schuettfort
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David D'Andrea
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fahad Quhal
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Keiichiro Mori
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Katayama
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ekaterina Laukhtina
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Benjamin Pradere
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reza Sari Motlagh
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Mostafaei
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nico C Grossmann
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolai Huebner
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Aulitzky
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dong-Ho Mun
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierre I Karakiewicz
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Harun Fajkovic
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX USA; Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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20
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Role of systemic immune-inflammation index in patients treated with salvage radical prostatectomy. World J Urol 2021; 39:3771-3779. [PMID: 33997919 PMCID: PMC8521581 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-021-03715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the predictive and prognostic value of preoperative Systemic Immune-inflammation Index (SII) in patients with radio-recurrent prostate cancer (PCa) treated with salvage radical prostatectomy (SRP). Materials and methods This multicenter retrospective study included 214 patients with radio-recurrent PCa, treated with SRP between 2007 and 2015. SII was measured preoperatively (neutrophils × platelets/lymphocytes) and the cohort was stratified using optimal cut-off. Uni- and multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the predictive and prognostic value of SII as a preoperative biomarker. Results A total of 81 patients had high preoperative SII (≥ 730). On multivariable logistic regression modeling, high SII was predictive for lymph node metastases (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.45–7.90, p = 0.005), and non-organ confined disease (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.33–4.97, p = 0.005). In preoperative regression analysis, high preoperative SII was an independent prognostic factor for cancer-specific survival (CSS; HR 10.7, 95% CI 1.12–103, p = 0.039) and overall survival (OS; HR 8.57, 95% CI 2.70–27.2, p < 0.001). Similarly, in postoperative multivariable models, SII was associated with worse CSS (HR 22.11, 95% CI 1.23–398.12, p = 0.036) and OS (HR 5.98, 95% CI 1.67–21.44, p = 0.006). Notably, the addition of SII to preoperative reference models improved the C-index for the prognosis of CSS (89.5 vs. 80.5) and OS (85.1 vs 77.1). Conclusions In radio-recurrent PCa patients, high SII was associated with adverse pathological features at SRP and survival after SRP. Preoperative SII could help identify patients who might benefit from novel imaging modalities, multimodal therapy or a closer posttreatment surveillance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00345-021-03715-4.
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Ko CA, Fang KH, Hsu CM, Lee YC, Chang GH, Huang EI, Tsai MS, Tsai YT. The preoperative C-reactive protein-lymphocyte ratio and the prognosis of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2021; 43:2740-2754. [PMID: 33991004 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP)-lymphocyte ratio (CLR) as a prognostic biomarker in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS Three hundred and sixteen patients with OSCC treated with curative surgery were retrospectively assessed and the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the discriminative ability of inflammatory markers. The prognostic value of CLR was investigated with Cox proportional hazards analysis. RESULTS The CLR cutoff of 3.88 (p < 0.001) demonstrated optimal prognostic performance compared with other inflammatory combinations. A higher preoperative CLR (≥3.88) was significantly associated with clinicopathological aggressiveness and predicted unfavorable overall survival and disease-free survival (hazard ratios = 3.498 and 1.994, respectively; both p < 0.001). The CLR-based nomogram provided accurate survival prediction (concordance index: 0.803). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative CLR is a feasible prognostic biomarker in patients with OSCC, and the CLR-based nomogram might serve as prognostic tool in era of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-An Ko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ku-Hao Fang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Hsu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chan Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Geng-He Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ethan I Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shao Tsai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Te Tsai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
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22
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Fang KH, Chang SW, Lee YC, Huang EI, Lai CH, Chang GH, Tsai MS, Hsu CM, Tsai YT. Preoperative prognostic nutritional index predicts prognosis of patients with oral cavity cancer. Oral Dis 2021; 28:1816-1830. [PMID: 33690959 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether prognostic nutritional index (PNI) predicts patient survival outcomes in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS The data of a total of 360 patients subjected to primary surgery for OSCC were retrospectively analysed. Patients were categorised into high-PNI (≥51.75) and low-PNI (<51.75) groups based on the PNI cut-off value attained from receiver operating characteristic analyses (p < .001), and the intergroup differences in clinicopathological features were determined. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model were employed to determine the survival prediction ability of the PNI, and a nomogram based on the PNI was established for individualised survival prediction. RESULTS A low PNI was noted to exhibit a significant association with shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) (both p < .001). Multivariate Cox analyses showed that a lower PNI independently indicated shorter OS and DFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.187; p = .001 and HR = 1.459; p = .023, respectively). The concordance index and calibration plots of the PNI-based nomogram revealed the high discriminative ability for OS. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative PNI is a valuable biomarker for predicting OSCC prognosis, and the proposed PNI-based nomogram can provide individualised prognostic prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ku-Hao Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Chang
- Department of Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Puzi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chan Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung Branch Library, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ethan I Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Puzi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Lai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Puzi, Taiwan
| | - Geng-He Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Puzi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shao Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Puzi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Puzi, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Te Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Puzi, Taiwan
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Tubin S, Khan MK, Gupta S, Jeremic B. Biology of NSCLC: Interplay between Cancer Cells, Radiation and Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:775. [PMID: 33673332 PMCID: PMC7918834 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall prognosis and survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remain poor. The immune system plays an integral role in driving tumor control, tumor progression, and overall survival of NSCLC patients. While the tumor cells possess many ways to escape the immune system, conventional radiotherapy (RT) approaches, which are directly cytotoxic to tumors, can further add additional immune suppression to the tumor microenvironment by destroying many of the lymphocytes that circulate within the irradiated tumor environment. Thus, the current immunogenic balance, determined by the tumor- and radiation-inhibitory effects is significantly shifted towards immunosuppression, leading to poor clinical outcomes. However, newer emerging evidence suggests that tumor immunosuppression is an "elastic process" that can be manipulated and converted back into an immunostimulant environment that can actually improve patient outcome. In this review we will discuss the natural immunosuppressive effects of NSCLC cells and conventional RT approaches, and then shift the focus on immunomodulation through novel, emerging immuno- and RT approaches that promise to generate immunostimulatory effects to enhance tumor control and patient outcome. We further describe some of the mechanisms by which these newer approaches are thought to be working and set the stage for future trials and additional preclinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavisa Tubin
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Marie Curie-Straße 5, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Mohammad K. Khan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Seema Gupta
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Branislav Jeremic
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, 13 Tevdore Mgdveli, Tbilisi 0112, Georgia;
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Liu Y, Liu X, Lin C, Jia X, Zhu H, Song J, Zhang Y. Noncoding RNAs regulate alternative splicing in Cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:11. [PMID: 33407694 PMCID: PMC7789004 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AS (alternative splicing) is a fundamental process by which a gene can generate multiple distinct mRNA transcripts to increase protein diversity. Defects in AS influence the occurrence and development of many diseases, including cancers, and are frequently found to participate in various aspects of cancer biology, such as promoting invasion, metastasis, apoptosis resistance and drug resistance. NcRNAs (noncoding RNAs) are an abundant class of RNAs that do not encode proteins. NcRNAs include miRNAs (microRNAs), lncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs), circRNAs (circular RNAs) and snRNAs (small nuclear RNAs) and have been proven to act as regulatory molecules that mediate cancer processes through AS. NcRNAs can directly or indirectly influence a plethora of molecular targets to regulate cis-acting elements, trans-acting factors, or pre-mRNA transcription at multiple levels, affecting the AS process and generating alternatively spliced isoforms. Consequently, ncRNA-mediated AS outcomes affect multiple cellular signaling pathways that promote or suppress cancer progression. In this review, we summarize the current mechanisms by which ncRNAs regulate AS in cancers and discuss their potential clinical applications as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunze Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Changwei Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xianhong Jia
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Hongmei Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Jun Song
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China.
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Xu P, Sun Y, Song Y, Jiao J, Shen B, Li W, Jiang C, Li Y, Zhang X, Yu J, Fu L, Guo X. ATM kinase regulates tumor immunoreactions in lymphocyte-predominant breast cancer through modulation of NKG2D ligand and TNF cytokines on tumor cells. Med Mol Morphol 2020; 53:210-220. [PMID: 32067111 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-020-00247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To explore impact of Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase on immunoreactions in lymphocyte-predominant breast cancer (LPBC), particularly its role in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), 194 cases of LPBC were identified with pertinent clinical information retrieved. The expressions of ATM, activated ATM (P-ATM), Fas ligand (FASL), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-induced ligand (TRAIL), major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related protein A (MICA), CD8, and Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) were assessed by immunohistochemically. We found that ATM expressed on tumor cells was correlated with upregulated expression of P-ATM and MICA (P < 0.05), down-regulated expression of FASL and TRAIL (P < 0.01), and decreased Ki-67 tumor labeling (P < 0.05). However, within the TNBC group, only a negative correlation with FASL expression was found (P = 0.001). ATM and MICA expressions were significantly down -regulated in TNBC (P < 0.01) compared to non-TNBC, while TRAIL was significantly upregulated (P < 0.01). Tregs were increased in TNBC (P < 0.05), with CD8 + TILs decreased (P < 0.01). Ki-67 index was higher in TNBC than in non-TNBC (P < 0.01). ATM may play an important role in immunoreaction of LPBC, probably through upregulation of MICA and down-regulation of FASL and TRAIL. The down-regulated ATM expression in TNBC might be responsible for impaired tumor immunoactivity, rapid tumor growth, and aggressive clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, West Huanhu Road, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, West Huanhu Road, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yuanming Song
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, West Huanhu Road, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, West Huanhu Road, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Beibei Shen
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, West Huanhu Road, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, West Huanhu Road, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Chengying Jiang
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, West Huanhu Road, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yaqing Li
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, West Huanhu Road, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, West Huanhu Road, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, West Huanhu Road, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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Zhao J, Huang W, Wu Y, Luo Y, Wu B, Cheng J, Chen J, Liu D, Li C. Prognostic role of pretreatment blood lymphocyte count in patients with solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:15. [PMID: 31938023 PMCID: PMC6954501 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-1094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the prognostic value of pretreatment lymphocyte counts with respect to clinical outcomes in patients with solid tumors. Methods Systematic literature search of electronic databases (Pubmed, Embase and Web of Science) up to May 1, 2018 was carried out by two independent reviewers. We included Eligible studies assessed the prognostic impact of pretreatment lymphocytes and had reported hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for endpoints including overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Only English publications were included. Results A total of 42 studies comprising 13,272 patients were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Low pretreatment lymphocyte count was associated with poor OS (HR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.16–1.39, P < 0.001, I2 = 58.5%) and PFS (HR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.15–1.40, P < 0.001, I2 = 25.7%). Subgroup analysis disaggregated by cancer type indicated that low pretreatment lymphocytes were most closely associated with poor OS in colorectal cancer followed by breast cancer and renal cancer. Conclusions Low pretreatment lymphocyte count may represent an unfavorable prognostic factor for clinical outcomes in patients with solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Zhao
- 1Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Weijia Huang
- 2Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Yongxian Wu
- 1Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Yihuan Luo
- 2Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Bo Wu
- 1Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Jiwen Cheng
- 1Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Junqiang Chen
- 2Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Deyun Liu
- 1Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Chengyang Li
- 1Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
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van Rossum PSN, Deng W, Routman DM, Liu AY, Xu C, Shiraishi Y, Peters M, Merrell KW, Hallemeier CL, Mohan R, Lin SH. Prediction of Severe Lymphopenia During Chemoradiation Therapy for Esophageal Cancer: Development and Validation of a Pretreatment Nomogram. Pract Radiat Oncol 2019; 10:e16-e26. [PMID: 31369887 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In patients with esophageal cancer, occurrence of severe radiation-induced lymphopenia during chemoradiation therapy has been associated with worse progression-free and overall survival. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a pretreatment clinical nomogram for the prediction of grade 4 lymphopenia. METHODS AND MATERIALS A development set of consecutive patients who underwent chemoradiation therapy for esophageal cancer and an independent validation set of patients from another institution were identified. Grade 4 lymphopenia was defined as an absolute lymphocyte count nadir during chemoradiation therapy of <0.2 × 103/μL. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to create a prediction model for grade 4 lymphopenia in the development set, which was internally validated using bootstrapping and externally validated by applying the model to the validation set. The model was presented as a nomogram yielding 4 risk groups. RESULTS Among 860 included patients, 322 (37%) experienced grade 4 lymphopenia. Higher age, larger planning target volume in interaction with lower body mass index, photon- rather than proton-based therapy, and lower baseline absolute lymphocyte count were predictive in the final model (corrected c-statistic, 0.76). External validation in 144 patients, among whom 58 (40%) had grade 4 lymphopenia, yielded a c-statistic of 0.71. Four nomogram-based risk groups yielded predicted risk rates of 10%, 24%, 43%, and 70%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A pretreatment clinical nomogram was developed and validated for the prediction of grade 4 radiation-induced lymphopenia during chemoradiation therapy for esophageal cancer. The nomogram can risk stratify individual patients suitable for lymphopenia-mitigating strategies or potential future therapeutic approaches to ultimately improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S N van Rossum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David M Routman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amy Y Liu
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cai Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yutaka Shiraishi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Max Peters
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Radhe Mohan
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Steven H Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Mortezaee K, Najafi M, Farhood B, Ahmadi A, Potes Y, Shabeeb D, Musa AE. Modulation of apoptosis by melatonin for improving cancer treatment efficiency: An updated review. Life Sci 2019; 228:228-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Guo C, Wang L, Zhao Y, Jiang B, Luo J, Shi D. BOS-93, a novel bromophenol derivative, induces apoptosis and autophagy in human A549 lung cancer cells via PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3848-3858. [PMID: 30988770 PMCID: PMC6447907 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel bromophenol derivative, 3-(3-bromo-5-methoxy-4-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)benzylidene)-N-(4-bromophenyl)-2-oxoindoline-5-sulfonamide (BOS-93), was synthesized in the CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Qingdao, China). Experimental studies have demonstrated that it could induce apoptosis and autophagy in human A549 lung cancer cells, and it could also inhibit tumor growth in human A549 lung cancer xenograft models. In the present study, the molecular pathways underlying these effects were identified. The results demonstrated that BOS-93 could inhibit cell proliferation in A549 cells and block A549 cells at the G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, BOS-93 could induce apoptosis, activate caspase-3 and poly ADP ribose polymerase, and increase the B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 associated X protein/Bcl-2 ratio. Notably, BOS-93 could also induce autophagy in A549 cells. BOS-93-induced autophagy was confirmed by detecting light chain 3 (LC3)-I/LC3-II conversion and increasing expression of beclin1 and autophagy-related gene 14. Notably, BOS-93-induced autophagy could be inhibited by the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. Flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and western blot analysis indicated that BOS-93 induced apoptosis and autophagy activities by deactivating phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin and activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. The present findings indicated that BOS-93 might be a novel anti-cancer agent for treatment of human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Dayong Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
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Lissoni P, Rovelli F, Vigorè L, Messina G, Lissoni A, Porro G, Di Fede G. How to Monitor the Neuroimmune Biological Response in Patients Affected by Immune Alteration-Related Systemic Diseases. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1781:171-191. [PMID: 29705848 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7828-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The clinical management of patients affected by systemic diseases, including cancer and autoimmune diseases, is generally founded on the evaluation of the only markers related to the single disease rather than the biological immuno-inflammatory response of patients, despite the fundamental role of cytokine network in the pathogenesis of cancer and autoimmunity is well known. Cancer progression has appeared to be associated with a progressive decline in the blood levels of the main antitumor cytokines, including IL-2 and IL-12, in association with an increase in those of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1-beta, and immunosuppressive cytokines, namely TGF-beta and IL-10. On the other hand, the severity of the autoimmune diseases has been proven to be greater in the presence of high blood levels of IL-17, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1-beta, IFN-gamma, and IL-18, in association with low levels of TGF-beta and IL-10. However, because of excessive cost and complexity of analyzing the data regarding the secretion of the single cytokines, the relation between lymphocyte-induced immune activation and monocyte-macrophage-mediated immunosuppression has been recently proven to be expressed by the simple lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR). The evidence of low LMR values has appeared to correlate with a poor prognosis in cancer and with a disease control in the autoimmune diseases. Moreover, since the in vivo immunoinflammatory response is physiologically under a neuroendocrine modulation, for the evaluation of patient biological response it would be necessary to investigate the function of at least the two main neuroendocrine structures involved in the neuroendocrine modulation of the immune responses, consisting of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the pineal gland, since the lack of physiological circadian rhythm of cortisol and pineal hormone melatonin has appeared to be associated with a worse prognosis in the human systemic diseases.
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Lee YJ, Chung YS, Lee JY, Nam EJ, Kim SW, Kim S, Kim YT. Pretreatment lymphocytopenia is an adverse prognostic biomarker in advanced-stage ovarian cancer. Cancer Med 2019; 8:564-571. [PMID: 30652425 PMCID: PMC6382732 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of lymphocytopenia in advanced‐stage ovarian cancer. We retrospectively reviewed 506 patients with advanced‐stage ovarian cancer at Yonsei Cancer Hospital. This study included two cohorts of patients: a neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) group (N = 247) and a primary debulking surgery (PDS) group (N = 259). The absolute lymphocyte count was recorded before treatment. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the cutoff for defining lymphocytopenia in the NAC cohort and followed by multivariate analysis. Subsequently, lymphocytopenia was assessed in the PDS cohort by multivariate analysis. A further analysis was performed to evaluate the absolute lymphocyte count as a continuous variable. An absolute lymphocyte count of 1.49 × 109/L was determined as the cutoff for the ROC curve analysis in the NAC cohort, and the multivariate analysis revealed that lymphocytopenia was an independent prognostic factor for poor progression‐free survival (PFS) [hazard ratio (HR), 1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07‐2.11] and overall survival (OS) (HR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.21‐3.40). In the PDS cohort, the multivariate analysis showed that lymphocytopenia was an independent prognostic factor for poor PFS (HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.20‐2.49) and OS (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.27‐2.75). The absolute lymphocyte count was a significant factor when analyzed as a continuous variable in both the NAC and PDS cohorts. Pretreatment lymphocytopenia is an independent adverse prognostic factor in patients with advanced‐stage ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jae Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Shin Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Yun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Nam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Wun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Cui J, Chen S, Bo Q, Wang S, Zhang N, Yu M, Wang W, Han J, Zhu Y, Shi B. Preoperative prognostic nutritional index and nomogram predicting recurrence-free survival in patients with primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer without carcinoma in situ. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:5541-5550. [PMID: 29200869 PMCID: PMC5702160 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s146990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Among the cancers of the urogenital system, bladder cancer is ranked second both in incidence and mortality, and hence, a more accurate estimate of the prognosis for individual patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is urgently needed. Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) which is based on serum albumin levels and peripheral lymphocyte count has been confirmed to have prognostic value in various cancers. The aim of this study was to clarify the prognostic value of PNI in patients with NMIBC. Methods Data of 329 patients with NMIBC were evaluated retrospectively. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and the equivalences of survival curves were tested by log-rank tests. The univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Discrimination of the nomogram was measured by the concordance index. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results In univariate analysis, age, tumor focality, tumor size, tumor grade, pathological T stage and preoperative PNI were significantly associated with RFS. Multivariate analysis identified PNI as an independent predictor of RFS in patients with NMIBC. According to these independent predictors, a nomogram for the prediction of recurrence was developed. Conclusion PNI can be regarded as an independent prognostic factor for predicting RFS in NMIBC. The nomogram could be useful to improve personalized therapy for patients with NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiyu Bo
- Department of First Operating Room, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | | | | | | | | | - Jie Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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The Relationship of Fas Promoter Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk in North-West of Iran: A Haplotype and in Silico Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.10528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rajwa P, Życzkowski M, Paradysz A, Slabon-Turska M, Suliga K, Bujak K, Bryniarski P. Novel hematological biomarkers predict survival in renal cell carcinoma patients treated with nephrectomy. Arch Med Sci 2017; 16:1062-1071. [PMID: 32863995 PMCID: PMC7444725 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.70250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between novel blood-based inflammatory indices and patient survival has been reported with reference to various cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of preoperative platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated with nephrectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS From 2003 to 2012, 455 patients who underwent partial or radical nephrectomy for RCC were enrolled in the study. The study endpoints were overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). RESULTS The median follow-up was 70 months. Groups of patients with high levels of PLR, NLR and dNLR and a low level of LMR more often underwent radical nephrectomy, had a higher cancer stage in the TNM classification, and were more frequently diagnosed with tumor necrosis in histopathological examination. Both cancer-specific mortality and overall mortality were significantly higher in patients with high PLR, NLR and dNLR and low LMR. Multivariate analysis of CSS, adjusted for standard clinicopathological factors, identified only dNLR (p = 0.006) as an independent prognostic factor. PLR (p = 0.0002), dNLR (p = 0.0003) and NLR (p = 0.002), but not LMR (p = 0.1), achieved prognostic significance in multivariable analysis regarding OS. CONCLUSIONS Only dNLR was an independent prognostic factor for CSS and OS. Nevertheless, our study indicates that all examined complete blood count-based biomarkers may be useful tools in managing RCC patients treated with a surgical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Rajwa
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marcin Życzkowski
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Andrzej Paradysz
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Monika Slabon-Turska
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Kamil Suliga
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Kamil Bujak
- 3 Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Piotr Bryniarski
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
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Wang M, Zhang C, Song Y, Wang Z, Wang Y, Luo F, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Wu Z, Xu Y. Mechanism of immune evasion in breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:1561-1573. [PMID: 28352189 PMCID: PMC5359138 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s126424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor among women, with high morbidity and mortality. Its onset, development, metastasis, and prognosis vary among individuals due to the interactions between tumors and host immunity. Many diverse mechanisms have been associated with BC, with immune evasion being the most widely studied to date. Tumor cells can escape from the body’s immune response, which targets abnormal components and foreign bodies, using different approaches including modification of surface antigens and modulation of the surrounding environment. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms and factors that impact the immunoediting process and analyze their functions in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Changwang Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Djouder N. Adaptive survival mechanism to glucose restrictions. Oncoscience 2017; 3:302-303. [PMID: 28105448 PMCID: PMC5235912 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Djouder
- Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Lissoni
- Department of Oncological Service, Institute of Biological Medicine, Milan, Italy
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Mahasa KJ, Ouifki R, Eladdadi A, Pillis LD. Mathematical model of tumor-immune surveillance. J Theor Biol 2016; 404:312-330. [PMID: 27317864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel mathematical model involving various immune cell populations and tumor cell populations. The model describes how tumor cells evolve and survive the brief encounter with the immune system mediated by natural killer (NK) cells and the activated CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The model is composed of ordinary differential equations describing the interactions between these important immune lymphocytes and various tumor cell populations. Based on up-to-date knowledge of immune evasion and rational considerations, the model is designed to illustrate how tumors evade both arms of host immunity (i.e. innate and adaptive immunity). The model predicts that (a) an influx of an external source of NK cells might play a crucial role in enhancing NK-cell immune surveillance; (b) the host immune system alone is not fully effective against progression of tumor cells; (c) the development of immunoresistance by tumor cells is inevitable in tumor immune surveillance. Our model also supports the importance of infiltrating NK cells in tumor immune surveillance, which can be enhanced by NK cell-based immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaphetsi Joseph Mahasa
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Rachid Ouifki
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Cai C, Zhang J, Li M, Wu ZJ, Song KH, Zhan TW, Wang LH, Sun YH. Interleukin 10-expressing B cells inhibit tumor-infiltrating T cell function and correlate with T cell Tim-3 expression in renal cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:8209-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Joseph N, Dovedi SJ, Thompson C, Lyons J, Kennedy J, Elliott T, West CM, Choudhury A. Pre-treatment lymphocytopaenia is an adverse prognostic biomarker in muscle-invasive and advanced bladder cancer. Ann Oncol 2015; 27:294-9. [PMID: 26578732 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-treatment lymphocytopaenia may result from cytokines secreted by the tumour microenvironment in association with aggressive tumour biology. We sought to establish the prognostic significance of lymphocytopaenia in muscle-invasive and advanced bladder cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy-four patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with radical chemoradiotherapy and 131 patients with advanced bladder cancer treated with palliative chemotherapy were included in the study. The absolute lymphocyte count on the first day of treatment was recorded. Invasive local or systemic recurrence in the muscle-invasive bladder cancer cohort and all-cause mortality in the advanced bladder cancer cohort were defined as survival end points. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was utilized to determine the cut-off for defining lymphocytopaenia in the muscle-invasive bladder cancer cohort followed by multivariable analysis in a model evaluating the following variables: anaemia, neutrophilia, tumour stage, hydronephrosis and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Subsequently, lymphocytopaenia was assessed in a multivariable model of the advanced bladder cancer cohort analysing the following prognostic variables: neutrophilia, anaemia, performance status and presence of bone or visceral metastases. A further analysis was carried out evaluating absolute lymphocyte count as a continuous variable. RESULTS An absolute lymphocyte count of 1.5 × 10(9)/l was determined as the cut-off on ROC curve analysis in the muscle-invasive bladder cancer cohort, and multivariate analysis revealed that only lymphocytopaenia was predictive for inferior outcome in this cohort. In the advanced bladder cancer cohort, lymphocytopaenia [hazard ratio (HR) 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-2.4; P = 0.02] and performance status (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0-2.7; P = 0.047) were adverse prognostic factors in the binary variable multivariate model. Absolute lymphocyte count was the sole significant factor when analysed as a continuous variable (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.5-0.87; P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Pre-treatment lymphocytopaenia is an independent adverse prognostic factor in both muscle-invasive and advanced bladder cancer. It may be a manifestation of cancer-induced immune suppression driving tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S J Dovedi
- The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester
| | - C Thompson
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Morecambe, UK
| | - J Lyons
- Department of Clinical Oncology
| | | | | | - C M West
- The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester
| | - A Choudhury
- Department of Clinical Oncology The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester
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41
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Xu Y, Deng Q, He B, Pan Y, Li R, Gao T, Sun H, Song G, Wang S, Cho WC. The diplotype Fas −1377A/−670G as a genetic marker to predict a lower risk of breast cancer in Chinese women. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9147-61. [PMID: 24916571 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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42
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Zhu J, Lu L, Cheng X, Xie R, Chen Z, Li Y, Lin G, Liu J, Yang Y. Association between CD95L polymorphism and cervical cancer risk: evidence from a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5137-42. [PMID: 24619598 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have assessed the association of CD95L polymorphism with cervical cancer risk, but the data lack the power to provide compelling evidence. In this study, we aimed to clarify the association through a meta-analysis. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The fixed-effects model was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). A total of five papers with six case-control studies were derived and finally included in this meta-analysis. The overall estimate did not reveal any significant association between CD95L -844C/T polymorphism and cervical cancer risk. Subgroup analysis in Asian population indicated nonsignificant nevertheless potentially increased risk in CC genotype carriers in comparison with the carriers of CT+TT genotypes (ORCC vs. CT+TT=1.16, 95 % CI=0.99-1.36, P for heterogeneity=0.231). Based on current epidemiological studies, this meta-analysis suggests that CD95L polymorphism may not be a risk factor contributing to cervical cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
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43
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Association of the polymorphisms in the Fas/FasL promoter regions with cancer susceptibility: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 52 studies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90090. [PMID: 24598538 PMCID: PMC3943814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fas and its ligand (FasL) play an important role in apoptosis and carcinogenesis. Therefore, the potential association of polymorphisms in the Fas (-670A>G, rs1800682; -1377G>A, rs2234767) and FasL (-844C>T, rs763110) with cancer risk has been widely investigated. However, all the currently available results are not always consistent. In this work, we performed a meta-analysis to further determine whether carriers of the polymorphisms in Fas and FasL of interest could confer an altered susceptibility to cancer. All relevant data were retrieved by PubMed and Web of Science, and 52 eligible studies were chosen for this meta-analysis. There was no association of the Fas -670A>G polymorphism with cancer risk in the pooled data. For the Fas -1377G>A and FasL -844C>T polymorphisms, results revealed that the homozygotes of -1377A and -844C were associated with elevated risk of cancer as a whole. Further stratified analysis indicated markedly increased risk for developing breast cancer, gastric cancer, and esophageal cancer, in particular in Asian population. We conclude that carriers of the Fas-1377A and the FasL -844C are more susceptible to the majority of cancers than non-carriers.
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44
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Bhatia A, Kumar Y. Cellular and molecular mechanisms in cancer immune escape: a comprehensive review. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2013; 10:41-62. [PMID: 24325346 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.865519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immune escape is the final phase of cancer immunoediting process wherein cancer modulates our immune system to escape from being destroyed by it. Many cellular and molecular events govern the cancer's evasion of host immune response. The tumor undergoes continuous remodeling at the genetic, epigenetic and metabolic level to acquire resistance to apoptosis. At the same time, it effectively modifies all the components of the host's immunome so as to escape from its antitumor effects. Moreover, it induces accumulation of suppressive cells like Treg and myeloid derived suppressor cells and factors which also enable it to elude the immune system. Recent research in this area helps in defining the role of newer players like miRNAs and exosomes in immune escape. The immunotherapeutic approaches developed to target the escape phase appear quite promising; however, the quest for a perfect therapeutic agent that can achieve maximum cure with minimal toxicity continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine & Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh-160012, India
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45
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Dalan AB, Timirci-Kahraman O, Turan S, Kafadar AM, Yaylim I, Ergen A, Gormus U, Gulec-Yilmaz S, Kaspar C, Isbir T. Association between FAS and FASL Genetic Variants and Risk of Primary Brain Tumor. Int J Neurosci 2013; 124:443-9. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2013.850083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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46
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Yan KH, Lee LM, Hsieh MC, Yan MD, Yao CJ, Chang PY, Chen TL, Chang HY, Cheng AL, Lai GM, Chuang SE. Aspirin antagonizes the cytotoxic effect of methotrexate in lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1497-505. [PMID: 23799623 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) has been widely used for the treatment of cancer and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Aspirin (ASA) is a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor that contributes to the treatment of inflammatory conditions such as RA. It has been observed that the antitumor effect of ASA can be attributed to inhibition of cell cycle progression, induction of apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis. In the present study, we revealed that the treatment with a combination of MTX and ASA resulted in antagonism of the cytotoxic effect as demonstrated by SRB and colony formation assays. ASA alleviated the MTX-mediated S phase accumulation and recovered the G1 phase. MTX-mediated accumulation of the S phase marker cyclin A was also alleviated by ASA. Notably, FAS protein levels were upregulated by MTX in A549 cells. The antagonism of MTX efficacy caused by ASA was accompanied by altered expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and FAS but not dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). This suggests that the alteration of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and FAS was involved in the antagonism between ASA and MTX. Exogenously added folic acid reversed the MTX-mediated DHFR inhibition following either MTX or MTX + ASA treatments. Most importantly, we demonstrated for the first time that the commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for headache ASA and possibly other COX-1/2 inhibitors can produce a strong antagonistic effect on the growth inhibition of lung cancer cells when administered in combination with MTX. The clinical implication of our finding is obvious, i.e., the clinical efficacy of MTX therapy can be compromised by ASA and their concomitant use should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Huang Yan
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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47
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DU Y, Hu L, Pan Y. Lack of association between the FAS/FASL polymorphisms and cervical cancer risk: A meta-analysis. Biomed Rep 2013; 1:269-274. [PMID: 24648934 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
FAS/FASL gene promoter polymorphisms are associated with cervical cancer risk, however, results from previous studies have been conflicting. To obtain a more precise estimation of the association between these polymorphisms and cancer risk, a meta-analysis was performed. All eligible studies up to November 1st, 2012, concerning FAS-670 A/G, FAS-1377 G/A and FASL-844 T/C polymorphisms and cervical cancer risk, were collected from the following electronic databases: PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to assess the strength of the association via the additive, codominant, dominant and recessive models. In total, 10 publications with 11 case-control studies (10 on FAS-670 A/G, 5 on FAS-1377 G/A and 6 on FASL-844 T/C polymorphisms) were included in this meta-analysis. No association between FAS-670 A/G, FAS-1377 G/A and FASL-844 T/C polymorphisms and cervical cancer susceptibility for all the genetic models was identified. Following stratification of the studies by ethnicity or source of controls, similar results were obtained. In conclusion, our findings showed that the FAS-670 A/G, FAS-1377 G/A and FASL-844 T/C polymorphisms are not associated with cervical cancer risk. Future studies with larger sample sizes are required to further evaluate these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying DU
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Hu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yueyin Pan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
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48
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Kelly MN, Zheng M, Ruan S, Kolls J, D'Souza A, Shellito JE. Memory CD4+ T cells are required for optimal NK cell effector functions against the opportunistic fungal pathogen Pneumocystis murina. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012. [PMID: 23203926 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the role of NK cells or their interplay with other immune cells during opportunistic infections. Using our murine model of Pneumocystis pneumonia, we found that loss of NK cells during immunosuppression results in substantial Pneumocystis lung burden. During early infection of C57B/6 CD4(+) T cell-depleted mice, there were significantly fewer NK cells in the lung tissue compared with CD4(+) T cell-intact animals, and the NK cells present demonstrated decreased upregulation of the activation marker NKp46 and production of the effector cytokine, IFN-γ. Furthermore, coincubation studies revealed a significant increase in fungal killing when NK cells were combined with CD4(+) T cells compared with either cell alone, which was coincident with a significant increase in perforin production by NK cells. Finally, however, we found through adoptive transfer that memory CD4(+) T cells are required for significant NK cell upregulation of the activation marker NK group 2D and production of IFN-γ, granzyme B, and perforin during Pneumocystis infection. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate a role for NK cells in immunity to Pneumocystis pneumonia, as well as to establish a functional relationship between CD4(+) T cells and NK cells in the host response to an opportunistic fungal pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle N Kelly
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Taliouri E, Vrekoussis T, Vergetaki A, Agorastos T, Makrigiannakis A. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is expressed in the human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa) and upregulates the expression of Fas ligand. Tumour Biol 2012; 34:125-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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50
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Chiu HY, Sun GH, Chen SY, Wang HH, Ho MY, Chu CY, Wu WL, Jhou RS, Tsai YL, Huang RT, Sun KH, Tang SJ. Pre-existing Fas ligand (FasL) in cancer cells elicits tumor-specific protective immunity, but delayed induction of FasL expression after inoculation facilitates tumor formation. Mol Carcinog 2012; 52:705-14. [PMID: 22488710 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of Fas ligand (FasL) in cancer cells elicits potential antitumor effects via recruitment of neutrophils. Conversely, FasL-expressing tumors may counterattack tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes by delivering apoptotic death signals via Fas/FasL interactions, which may lead to tumor escape. In order to distinguish the role of FasL in antitumor activity and tumor progression, Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC-1) were used to establish the cell line LLC-FasL, in which FasL expression was repressed by doxycycline (Dox) treatment and induced in the absence of Dox. LLC-FasL cells promote tumor regression when expressing FasL, whereas tumor outgrowth is observed by depletion of FasL expression. To investigate whether initial expression of FasL during tumor formation is critical for FasL-mediated tumor regression, Dox-treated LLC-FasL cells were inoculated into Dox-treated mice, but Dox treatment was stopped 5 days after inoculation. When low cell numbers were inoculated, we observed 80% survival and no tumor formation, whereas no mice survived inoculation with high cell numbers, despite the delayed induction of FasL by Dox withdrawal. The inoculation of a high density of cells may establish a favorable tumor microenvironment before the expression of FasL. Our findings demonstrate that FasL may elicit antitumor activity when it is initially present on injected cancer cells and thus can act prior to tumor microenvironment formation. Furthermore, a well-established tumor microenvironment abrogates FasL-mediated antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ying Chiu
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology and Center of Excellence for Marine Bioenvironment and Biotechnology (CMBB), National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
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