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Hiraki-Kajiyama T, Miyasaka N, Ando R, Wakisaka N, Itoga H, Onami S, Yoshihara Y. An atlas and database of neuropeptide gene expression in the adult zebrafish forebrain. J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25619. [PMID: 38831653 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Zebrafish is a useful model organism in neuroscience; however, its gene expression atlas in the adult brain is not well developed. In the present study, we examined the expression of 38 neuropeptides, comparing with GABAergic and glutamatergic neuron marker genes in the adult zebrafish brain by comprehensive in situ hybridization. The results are summarized as an expression atlas in 19 coronal planes of the forebrain. Furthermore, the scanned data of all brain sections were made publicly available in the Adult Zebrafish Brain Gene Expression Database (https://ssbd.riken.jp/azebex/). Based on these data, we performed detailed comparative neuroanatomical analyses of the hypothalamus and found that several regions previously described as one nucleus in the reference zebrafish brain atlas contain two or more subregions with significantly different neuropeptide/neurotransmitter expression profiles. Subsequently, we compared the expression data in zebrafish telencephalon and hypothalamus obtained in this study with those in mice, by performing a cluster analysis. As a result, several nuclei in zebrafish and mice were clustered in close vicinity. The present expression atlas, database, and anatomical findings will contribute to future neuroscience research using zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Towako Hiraki-Kajiyama
- Laboratory for Systems Molecular Ethology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Ethology, Graduate School of Life Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Miyasaka
- Laboratory for Systems Molecular Ethology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Reiko Ando
- Support Unit for Bio-Material Analysis, Research Resources Division, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Noriko Wakisaka
- Laboratory for Systems Molecular Ethology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroya Itoga
- Laboratory for Developmental Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Onami
- Laboratory for Developmental Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Life Science Data Sharing Unit, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoshihara
- Laboratory for Systems Molecular Ethology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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2
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Hegarty BE, Gruenhagen GW, Johnson ZV, Baker CM, Streelman JT. Spatially resolved cell atlas of the teleost telencephalon and deep homology of the vertebrate forebrain. Commun Biol 2024; 7:612. [PMID: 38773256 PMCID: PMC11109250 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The telencephalon has undergone remarkable diversification and expansion throughout vertebrate evolution, exhibiting striking variations in structural and functional complexity. Nevertheless, fundamental features are shared across vertebrate taxa, such as the presence of distinct regions including the pallium, subpallium, and olfactory structures. Teleost fishes have a uniquely "everted" telencephalon, which has confounded comparisons of their brain regions to other vertebrates. Here we combine spatial transcriptomics and single nucleus RNA-sequencing to generate a spatially-resolved transcriptional atlas of the Mchenga conophorus cichlid fish telencephalon. We then compare cell-types and anatomical regions in the cichlid telencephalon with those in amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. We uncover striking transcriptional similarities between cell-types in the fish telencephalon and subpallial, hippocampal, and cortical cell-types in tetrapods, and find support for partial eversion of the teleost telencephalon. Ultimately, our work lends new insights into the organization and evolution of conserved cell-types and regions in the vertebrate forebrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna E Hegarty
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - George W Gruenhagen
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Zachary V Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Cristina M Baker
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jeffrey T Streelman
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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3
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Wullimann MF, Mokayes N, Shainer I, Kuehn E, Baier H. Genoarchitectonics of the larval zebrafish diencephalon. J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25549. [PMID: 37983970 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The brain is spatially organized into subdivisions, nuclei and areas, which often correspond to functional and developmental units. A segmentation of brain regions in the form of a consensus atlas facilitates mechanistic studies and is a prerequisite for sharing information among neuroanatomists. Gene expression patterns objectively delineate boundaries between brain regions and provide information about their developmental and evolutionary histories. To generate a detailed molecular map of the larval zebrafish diencephalon, we took advantage of the Max Planck Zebrafish Brain (mapzebrain) atlas, which aligns hundreds of transcript and transgene expression patterns in a shared coordinate system. Inspection and co-visualization of close to 50 marker genes have allowed us to resolve the tripartite prosomeric scaffold of the diencephalon at unprecedented resolution. This approach clarified the genoarchitectonic partitioning of the alar diencephalon into pretectum (alar part of prosomere P1), thalamus (alar part of prosomere P2, with habenula and pineal complex), and prethalamus (alar part of prosomere P3). We further identified the region of the nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus, as well as the posterior and anterior parts of the posterior tuberculum, as molecularly distinct basal parts of prosomeres 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Some of the markers examined allowed us to locate glutamatergic, GABAergic, dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and various neuropeptidergic domains in the larval zebrafish diencephalon. Our molecular neuroanatomical approach has thus (1) yielded an objective and internally consistent interpretation of the prosomere boundaries within the zebrafish forebrain; has (2) produced a list of markers, which in sparse combinations label the subdivisions of the diencephalon; and is (3) setting the stage for further functional and developmental studies in this vertebrate brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario F Wullimann
- Genes - Circuits - Behavior Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
- Department Biology II, Division of Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU Munich), Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nouwar Mokayes
- Genes - Circuits - Behavior Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Inbal Shainer
- Genes - Circuits - Behavior Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Enrico Kuehn
- Genes - Circuits - Behavior Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Herwig Baier
- Genes - Circuits - Behavior Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
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Alunni A, Pierre C, Torres-Paz J, Clairet N, Langlumé A, Pavie M, Escoffier-Pirouelle T, Leblanc M, Blin M, Rétaux S. An Astyanax mexicanus mao knockout line uncovers the developmental roles of monoamine homeostasis in fish brain. Dev Growth Differ 2023; 65:517-533. [PMID: 37843474 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Monoaminergic systems are conserved in vertebrates, yet they present variations in neuroanatomy, genetic components and functions across species. MonoAmine Oxidase, or MAO, is the enzyme responsible for monoamine degradation. While mammals possess two genes, MAO-A and MAO-B, fish possess one single mao gene. To study the function of MAO and monoamine homeostasis on fish brain development and physiology, here we have generated a mao knockout line in Astyanax mexicanus (surface fish), by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Homozygote mao knockout larvae died at 13 days post-fertilization. Through a time-course analysis, we report that hypothalamic serotonergic neurons undergo fine and dynamic regulation of serotonin level upon loss of mao function, in contrast to those in the raphe, which showed continuously increased serotonin levels - as expected. Dopaminergic neurons were not affected by mao loss-of-function. At behavioral level, knockout fry showed a transient decrease in locomotion that followed the variations in the hypothalamus serotonin neuronal levels. Finally, we discovered a drastic effect of mao knockout on brain progenitors proliferation in the telencephalon and hypothalamus, including a reduction in the number of proliferative cells and an increase of the cell cycle length. Altogether, our results show that MAO has multiple and varied effects on Astyanax mexicanus brain development. Mostly, they bring novel support to the idea that serotonergic neurons in the hypothalamus and raphe of the fish brain are different in nature and identity, and they unravel a link between monoaminergic homeostasis and brain growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Alunni
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Constance Pierre
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Jorge Torres-Paz
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Natacha Clairet
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Auriane Langlumé
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Marie Pavie
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | | | - Michael Leblanc
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Maryline Blin
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Sylvie Rétaux
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
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Braida D, Ponzoni L, Dellarole I, Morara S, Sala M. Fluoxetine rescues the depressive-like behaviour induced by reserpine and the altered emotional behaviour induced by nicotine withdrawal in zebrafish: Involvement of tyrosine hydroxylase. J Psychopharmacol 2023; 37:1132-1148. [PMID: 37593958 DOI: 10.1177/02698811231191103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine cessation leads to anxiety and depression. AIMS The suitability of the zebrafish model of anhedonia using reserpine and fluoxetine was evaluated. Fluoxetine was also used to reduce nicotine withdrawal-induced anhedonic state. METHODS Zebrafish were exposed to reserpine (40 mg/l) and then to fluoxetine (0.1 mg/l) for 1 week. Anhedonia was evaluated in the Novel Tank Diving and Compartment Preference tests. Another group was exposed to nicotine (1 mg/l/2 weeks) and then exposed to fluoxetine. Anxiety and anhedonia were evaluated 2-60 days after. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity and microglial morphology (labelled by 4C4 monoclonal antibody) in the parvocellular pretectal nucleus (PPN), dorsal part, and of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the hypothalamus were also analysed. RESULTS Less time in the top and increased latency to the top in reserpine compared to a drug-free group was found. Fluoxetine rescued reserpine-induced the reduced time in the top. Seven and 30 days after nicotine withdrawal more time in the bottom and similar time in the Compartment Preference test, rescued by fluoxetine, were shown. In the PPN, 30-day withdrawal induced an increase in TH immunoreactivity, but fluoxetine induced a further significant increase. No changes in PPN microglia morphology and hypothalamic CGRP were detected. CONCLUSIONS Our findings validate the suitability of the zebrafish model of anhedonia using the reserpine-induced depression-like behaviour and the predictivity using fluoxetine. Fluoxetine rescued nicotine withdrawal-induced anhedonic state, opening the possibility to screen new drugs to alleviate anxiety and depression in smokers during abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Braida
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ponzoni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Oliveira AC, Fascineli ML, de Oliveira PM, Gelfuso GM, Villacis RAR, Grisolia CK. Multi-level toxicity assessment of the antidepressant venlafaxine in embryos/larvae and adults of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Genet Mol Biol 2023; 46:e20220377. [PMID: 37695571 PMCID: PMC10494572 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The toxic effects of venlafaxine (VLX) on aquatic organisms have already been verified and therefore are a proven matter of concern. Herein, we evaluated zebrafish embryos/adults after acute exposure to VLX. Embryos/larvae were exposed to different concentrations of VLX (100-1000 mg/L; 1.33 as a dilution factor), to evaluate mortality/developmental changos and to analyze biomarkers (0.002-100 mg/L). For adults, mortality, genotoxicity, and biomarkers were assessed in five different concentrations of VLX (1-100 mg/L). The median lethal concentration (LC50-168h) was 274.1 mg/L for embryos/larvae, and >100 mg/L for adults (LC50-96h). VLX decreased the heart rate frequency and caused premature hatching and lack of equilibrium in embryos/larvae exposed to different concentrations ranging from 100 to 562.5 mg/L. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was inhibited in larvae exposed to 1, 25 and 100 mg/L. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was reduced in both larvae and adults after exposure to different concentrations, mainly at 25 mg/L. For both larvae and adults, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity increased after 100 mg/L of VLX exposure. No DNA damage was observed in peripheral erythrocytes. Exposure to VLX may cause adverse effects on zebrafish in their early and adult life stages, interfering with embryo-larval development, and can induce physiological disturbances in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Oliveira
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas,
Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica (GTOX),
Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Fascineli
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas,
Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica (GTOX),
Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Centro de Ciências da Saúde,
Departamento de Morfologia (DMORF), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Paula Martins de Oliveira
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde,
Laboratório de Tecnologia de Medicamentos, Alimentos e Cosméticos (LTMAC), Brasília,
DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Martins Gelfuso
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde,
Laboratório de Tecnologia de Medicamentos, Alimentos e Cosméticos (LTMAC), Brasília,
DF, Brazil
| | - Rolando André Rios Villacis
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas,
Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica (GTOX),
Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Cesar Koppe Grisolia
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas,
Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica (GTOX),
Brasília, DF, Brazil
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7
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Altbürger C, Holzhauser J, Driever W. CRISPR/Cas9-based QF2 knock-in at the tyrosine hydroxylase ( th) locus reveals novel th-expressing neuron populations in the zebrafish mid- and hindbrain. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1196868. [PMID: 37603776 PMCID: PMC10433395 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1196868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Catecholaminergic neuron clusters are among the most conserved neuromodulatory systems in vertebrates, yet some clusters show significant evolutionary dynamics. Because of their disease relevance, special attention has been paid to mammalian midbrain dopaminergic systems, which have important functions in motor control, reward, motivation, and cognitive function. In contrast, midbrain dopaminergic neurons in teleosts were thought to be lost secondarily. Here, we generated a CRISPR/Cas9-based knock-in transgene at the th locus, which allows the expression of the Q-system transcription factor QF2 linked to the Tyrosine hydroxylase open reading frame by an E2A peptide. The QF2 knock-in allele still expresses Tyrosine hydroxylase in catecholaminergic neurons. Coexpression analysis of QF2 driven expression of QUAS fluorescent reporter transgenes and of th mRNA and Th protein revealed that essentially all reporter expressing cells also express Th/th. We also observed a small group of previously unidentified cells expressing the reporter gene in the midbrain and a larger group close to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. However, we detected no expression of the catecholaminergic markers ddc, slc6a3, or dbh in these neurons, suggesting that they are not actively transmitting catecholamines. The identified neurons in the midbrain are located in a GABAergic territory. A coexpression analysis with anatomical markers revealed that Th-expressing neurons in the midbrain are located in the tegmentum and those close to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary are located in the hindbrain. Our data suggest that zebrafish may still have some evolutionary remnants of midbrain dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Altbürger
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology I, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS and BIOSS - Centres for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jens Holzhauser
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology I, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Driever
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology I, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS and BIOSS - Centres for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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8
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Hegarty BE, Gruenhagen GW, Johnson ZV, Baker CM, Streelman JT. Spatially resolved cell atlas of the teleost telencephalon and deep homology of the vertebrate forebrain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.20.549873. [PMID: 37503039 PMCID: PMC10370212 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.20.549873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The telencephalon has undergone remarkable diversification and expansion throughout vertebrate evolution, exhibiting striking differences in structural and functional complexity. Nevertheless, fundamental features are shared across vertebrate taxa, such as the presence of distinct regions including the pallium, subpallium, and olfactory structures. Teleost fishes have a uniquely 'everted' telencephalon, which has made it challenging to compare brain regions in fish to those in other vertebrates. Here we combine spatial transcriptomics and single-nucleus RNA-sequencing to generate a spatially-resolved transcriptional atlas of the cichlid fish telencephalon. We then compare cell-types and anatomical regions in the cichlid telencephalon with those in amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. We uncover striking transcriptional similarities between cell populations in the fish telencephalon and subpallial, hippocampal, and cortical cell populations in tetrapods. Ultimately, our work lends new insights into the organization and evolution of conserved cell-types and regions in the vertebrate forebrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna E Hegarty
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - George W Gruenhagen
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Zachary V Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Cristina M Baker
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jeffrey T Streelman
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
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9
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Natsaridis E, Perdikaris P, Fokos S, Dermon CR. Neuronal and Astroglial Localization of Glucocorticoid Receptor GRα in Adult Zebrafish Brain ( Danio rerio). Brain Sci 2023; 13:861. [PMID: 37371341 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα), a ligand-regulated transcription factor, mainly activated by cortisol in humans and fish, mediates neural allostatic and homeostatic functions induced by different types of acute and chronic stress, and systemic inflammation. Zebrafish GRα is suggested to have multiple transcriptional effects essential for normal development and survival, similarly to mammals. While sequence alignments of human, monkey, rat, and mouse GRs have shown many GRα isoforms, we questioned the protein expression profile of GRα in the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain using an alternative model for stress-related neuropsychiatric research, by means of Western blot, immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence. Our results identified four main GRα-like immunoreactive bands (95 kDa, 60 kDa, 45 kDa and 35 kDa), with the 95 kDa protein showing highest expression in forebrain compared to midbrain and hindbrain. GRα showed a wide distribution throughout the antero-posterior zebrafish brain axis, with the most prominent labeling within the telencephalon, preoptic, hypothalamus, midbrain, brain stem, central grey, locus coeruleus and cerebellum. Double immunofluorescence revealed that GRα is coexpressed in TH+, β2-AR+ and vGLUT+ neurons, suggesting the potential of GRα influences on adrenergic and glutamatergic transmission. Moreover, GRα was co-localized in midline astroglial cells (GFAP+) within the telencephalon, hypothalamus and hindbrain. Interestingly, GRα expression was evident in the brain regions involved in adaptive stress responses, social behavior, and sensory and motor integration, supporting the evolutionarily conserved features of glucocorticoid receptors in the zebrafish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Natsaridis
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Rion, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Perdikaris
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Rion, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Stefanos Fokos
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Rion, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Catherine R Dermon
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Rion, 26504 Patras, Greece
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10
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Wullimann MF. The Neuromeric/Prosomeric Model in Teleost Fish Neurobiology. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2022; 97:336-360. [PMID: 35728561 PMCID: PMC9808694 DOI: 10.1159/000525607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The neuromeric/prosomeric model has been rejuvenated by Puelles and Rubenstein [Trends Neurosci. 1993;16(11):472-9]. Here, its application to the (teleostean) fish brain is detailed, beginning with a historical account. The second part addresses three main issues with particular interest for fish neuroanatomy and looks at the impact of the neuromeric model on their understanding. The first one is the occurrence of four early migrating forebrain areas (M1 through M4) in teleosts and their comparative interpretation. The second issue addresses the complex development and neuroanatomy of the teleostean alar and basal hypothalamus. The third topic is the vertebrate dopaminergic system, with the focus on some teleostean peculiarities. Most of the information will be coming from zebrafish studies, although the general ductus is a comparative one. Throughout the manuscript, comparative developmental and organizational aspects of the teleostean amygdala are discussed. One particular focus is cellular migration streams into the medial amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario F. Wullimann
- Division of Neurobiology, Department Biologie II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU Munich), Martinsried, Germany,Department Genes-Circuits-Behavior, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Intelligence (i.F.), Martinsried, Germany,*Mario F. Wullimann,
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11
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Alba‐González A, Folgueira M, Castro A, Anadón R, Yáñez J. Distribution of neurogranin-like immunoreactivity in the brain and sensory organs of the adult zebrafish. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:1569-1587. [PMID: 35015905 PMCID: PMC9415131 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We studied the expression of neurogranin in the brain and some sensory organs (barbel taste buds, olfactory organs, and retina) of adult zebrafish. Database analysis shows zebrafish has two paralog neurogranin genes (nrgna and nrgnb) that translate into three peptides with a conserved IQ domain, as in mammals. Western blots of zebrafish brain extracts using an anti-neurogranin antiserum revealed three separate bands, confirming the presence of three neurogranin peptides. Immunohistochemistry shows neurogranin-like expression in the brain and sensory organs (taste buds, neuromasts and olfactory epithelium), not being able to discern its three different peptides. In the retina, the most conspicuous positive cells were bipolar neurons. In the brain, immunopositive neurons were observed in all major regions (pallium, subpallium, preoptic area, hypothalamus, diencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon, including the cerebellum), a more extended distribution than in mammals. Interestingly, dendrites, cell bodies and axon terminals of some neurons were immunopositive, thus zebrafish neurogranins may play presynaptic and postsynaptic roles. Most positive neurons were found in primary sensory centers (viscerosensory column and medial octavolateral nucleus) and integrative centers (pallium, subpallium, optic tectum and cerebellum), which have complex synaptic circuitry. However, we also observed expression in areas not related to sensory or integrative functions, such as in cerebrospinal fluid-contacting cells associated with the hypothalamic recesses, which exhibited high neurogranin-like immunoreactivity. Together, these results reveal important differences with the patterns reported in mammals, suggesting divergent evolution from the common ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Alba‐González
- Department of Biology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of A CoruñaA CoruñaSpain,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA)University of A CoruñaA CoruñaSpain
| | - Mónica Folgueira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of A CoruñaA CoruñaSpain,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA)University of A CoruñaA CoruñaSpain
| | - Antonio Castro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of A CoruñaA CoruñaSpain,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA)University of A CoruñaA CoruñaSpain
| | - Ramón Anadón
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Julián Yáñez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of A CoruñaA CoruñaSpain,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA)University of A CoruñaA CoruñaSpain
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12
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Eugenin von Bernhardi J, Biechl D, Miek L, Herget U, Ryu S, Wullimann MF. A versatile transcription factor: Multiple roles of orthopedia a (otpa) beyond its restricted localization in dopaminergic systems of developing and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) brains. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:2537-2561. [PMID: 35708548 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Many transcription factors boost neural development and differentiation in specific directions and serve for identifying similar or homologous structures across species. The expression of Orthopedia (Otp) is critical for the development of certain cell groups along the vertebrate neuraxis, for example, the medial amygdala or hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons. Therefore, the primary focus of the present study is the distribution of Orthopedia a (Otpa) in the larval and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain. Since Otpa is also critical for the development of zebrafish basal diencephalic dopaminergic cells, colocalization of Otpa with the catecholamine synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is studied. Cellular colocalization of Otpa and dopamine is only seen in magnocellular neurons of the periventricular posterior tubercular nucleus and in the posterior tuberal nucleus. Otpa-positive cells occur in many additional structures along the zebrafish neuraxis, from the secondary prosencephalon down to the hindbrain. Furthermore, Otpa expression is studied in shh-GFP and islet1-GFP transgenic zebrafish. Otpa-positive cells only express shh in dopaminergic magnocellular periventricular posterior tubercular cells, and only colocalize with islet1-GFP in the ventral zone and prerecess caudal periventricular hypothalamic zone and the perilemniscal nucleus. The scarcity of cellular colocalization of Otpa in islet1-GFP cells indicates that the Shh-islet1 neurogenetic pathway is not active in most Otpa-expressing domains. Our analysis reveals detailed correspondences between mouse and zebrafish forebrain territories including the zebrafish intermediate nucleus of the ventral telencephalon and the mouse medial amygdala. The zebrafish preoptic Otpa-positive domain represents the neuropeptidergic supraopto-paraventricular region of all tetrapods. Otpa domains in the zebrafish basal plate hypothalamus suggest that the ventral periventricular hypothalamic zone corresponds to the otp-expressing basal hypothalamic tuberal field in the mouse. Furthermore, the mouse otp domain in the mammillary hypothalamus compares partly to our Otpa-positive domain in the prerecess caudal periventricular hypothalamic zone (Hc-a).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Eugenin von Bernhardi
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, München, Bavaria, Germany.,The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Univeristy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniela Biechl
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, München, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Laura Miek
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, München, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Ulrich Herget
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Soojin Ryu
- Living Systems Institute University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK.,College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Mario F Wullimann
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, München, Bavaria, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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13
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Xu Y, Peng T, Xiang Y, Liao G, Zou F, Meng X. Neurotoxicity and gene expression alterations in zebrafish larvae in response to manganese exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153778. [PMID: 35150691 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, but excessive exposure can damage mental, cognitive, and motor functions. Although many studies have reported the toxicity of Mn, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, wild-type and/or Tg(NBT:DsRed) zebrafish embryos/larvae were exposed to different dosages of Mn to determine the effects on mortality, malformation, and hatching rates. A video tracking system was used to analyze the locomotor activities of zebrafish larvae. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay and acridine orange staining were performed to monitor cell apoptosis, while dopamine transporter and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Meanwhile, transcriptome sequencing of the head tissues of zebrafish larvae was performed to search for molecular targets of Mn neurotoxicity. The results showed that Mn exposure increased the mortality and malformation rates of zebrafish larvae, and significantly reduced swim distance and velocity. In addition, the proportion of apoptotic dopaminergic neurons increased, while TH expression significantly decreased. The results of transcriptome sequencing showed that a large number of differentially expressed genes associated with apoptosis and DNA damage repair were upregulated, consistent with the above results. Meanwhile, Western blot analysis showed that higher exposure level of Mn could induce activation of MAPK pathway. These data demonstrate that Mn exposure can damage dopaminergic neurons and cause apoptosis, which has detrimental effects on the motor abilities of zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Xu
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gengze Liao
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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14
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Tallafuss A, Stednitz SJ, Voeun M, Levichev A, Larsch J, Eisen J, Washbourne P. Egr1 Is Necessary for Forebrain Dopaminergic Signaling during Social Behavior. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0035-22.2022. [PMID: 35346959 PMCID: PMC8994534 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0035-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding the link between behaviors and their regulatory molecular pathways is a major obstacle in treating neuropsychiatric disorders. The immediate early gene (IEG) EGR1 is implicated in the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, and is linked to gene pathways associated with social behavior. Despite extensive knowledge of EGR1 gene regulation at the molecular level, it remains unclear how EGR1 deficits might affect the social component of these disorders. Here, we examined the social behavior of zebrafish with a mutation in the homologous gene egr1 Mutant fish exhibited reduced social approach and orienting, whereas other sensorimotor behaviors were unaffected. On a molecular level, expression of the dopaminergic biosynthetic enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), was strongly decreased in TH-positive neurons of the anterior parvocellular preoptic nucleus. These neurons are connected with basal forebrain (BF) neurons associated with social behavior. Chemogenetic ablation of around 30% of TH-positive neurons in this preoptic region reduced social attraction to a similar extent as the egr1 mutation. These results demonstrate the requirement of Egr1 and dopamine signaling during social interactions, and identify novel circuitry underlying this behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mae Voeun
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | | | - Johannes Larsch
- Max Planck Institut für Neurobiologie, Martinsried, D-82152, Munich Germany
| | - Judith Eisen
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
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15
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Baronio D, Chen YC, Decker AR, Enckell L, Fernández-López B, Semenova S, Puttonen HAJ, Cornell RA, Panula P. Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (SLC18A2) regulates monoamine turnover and brain development in zebrafish. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 234:e13725. [PMID: 34403568 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed at identifying potential roles of vesicular monoamine transporter 2, also known as Solute Carrier protein 18 A2 (SLC18A2) (hereafter, Vmat2), in brain monoamine regulation, their turnover, behaviour and brain development using a novel zebrafish model. METHODS A zebrafish strain lacking functional Vmat2 was generated with the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Larval behaviour and heart rate were monitored. Monoamines and their metabolites were analysed with high-pressure liquid chromatography. Amine synthesising and degrading enzymes, and genes essential for brain development, were analysed with quantitative PCR, in situ hybridisation and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS The 5-bp deletion in exon 3 caused an early frameshift and was lethal within 2 weeks post-fertilisation. Homozygous mutants (hereafter, mutants) displayed normal low locomotor activity during night-time but aberrant response to illumination changes. In mutants dopamine, noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine and histamine levels were reduced, whereas levels of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolites were increased, implying elevated monoamine turnover. Consistently, there were fewer histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine immunoreactive cells. Cellular dopamine immunostaining, in wild-type larvae more prominent in tyrosine hydroxylase 1 (Th1)-expressing than in Th2-expressing neurons, was absent in mutants. Despite reduced dopamine levels, mutants presented upregulated dopamine-synthesising enzymes. Further, in mutants the number of histidine decarboxylase-expressing neurons was increased, notch1a and pax2a were downregulated in brain proliferative zones. CONCLUSION Lack of Vmat2 increases monoamine turnover and upregulates genes encoding amine-synthesising enzymes, including histidine decarboxylase. Notch1a and pax2a, genes implicated in stem cell development, are downregulated in mutants. The zebrafish vmat2 mutant strain may be a useful model to study how monoamine transport affects brain development and function, and for use in drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Baronio
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yu-Chia Chen
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Amanda R Decker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Louise Enckell
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Robert A Cornell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Pertti Panula
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Fasano G, Godoy RS, Angiulli E, Consalvo A, Franco C, Mancini M, Santucci D, Alleva E, Ciavardelli D, Toni M, Biffali E, Ekker M, Canzoniero LMT, Sordino P. Effects of low-dose methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl-derived manganese on the development of diencephalic dopaminergic neurons in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117151. [PMID: 34020261 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fuel additive methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) is counted as an organic manganese (Mn)-derived compound. The toxic effects of Mn (alone and complexed) on dopaminergic (DA) neurotransmission have been investigated in both cellular and animal models. However, the impact of environmentally relevant Mn exposure on DA neurodevelopment is rather poorly understood. In the present study, the MMT dose of 100 μM (about 5 mg Mn/L) caused up-regulation of DA-related genes in association with cell body swelling and increase in the number of DA neurons of the ventral diencephalon subpopulation DC2. Furthermore, our analysis identified significant brain Mn bioaccumulation and enhancement of total dopamine levels in association with locomotor hyperactivity. Although DA levels were restored at adulthood, we observed a deficit in the acquisition and consolidation of memory. Collectively, these findings suggest that developmental exposure to low-level MMT-derived Mn is responsible for the selective alteration of diencephalic DA neurons and with long-lasting effects on fish explorative behaviour in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fasano
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Via Francesco de Sanctis, 82100, Benevento, Italy; Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Rafael Soares Godoy
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 9A7, Canada
| | - Elisa Angiulli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ''Charles Darwin", Sapienza University, Via Borelli 50, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Ada Consalvo
- Centro Scienze Dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale - CeSI-MeT, Via Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Franco
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Via Francesco de Sanctis, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Maria Mancini
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA; NYU Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, New York University School of Medicine, 222 East 41st Street, New York, NY, 10017, USA
| | - Daniela Santucci
- Centro di Riferimento per le Scienze Comportamentali e La Salute Mentale, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Alleva
- Centro di Riferimento per le Scienze Comportamentali e La Salute Mentale, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Ciavardelli
- Centro Scienze Dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale - CeSI-MeT, Via Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy; School of Human and Social Science, "Kore" University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100, Enna, Italy
| | - Mattia Toni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ''Charles Darwin", Sapienza University, Via Borelli 50, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Elio Biffali
- Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Marc Ekker
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 9A7, Canada
| | | | - Paolo Sordino
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
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17
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Baier H, Wullimann MF. Anatomy and function of retinorecipient arborization fields in zebrafish. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:3454-3476. [PMID: 34180059 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In 1994, Burrill and Easter described the retinal projections in embryonic and larval zebrafish, introducing the term "arborization fields" (AFs) for the retinorecipient areas. AFs were numbered from 1 to 10 according to their positions along the optic tract. With the exception of AF10 (neuropil of the optic tectum), annotations of AFs remained tentative. Here we offer an update on the likely identities and functions of zebrafish AFs after successfully matching classical neuroanatomy to the digital Max Planck Zebrafish Brain Atlas. In our system, individual AFs are neuropil areas associated with the following nuclei: AF1 with the suprachiasmatic nucleus; AF2 with the posterior parvocellular preoptic nucleus; AF3 and AF4 with the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus; AF4 with the anterior and intermediate thalamic nuclei; AF5 with the dorsal accessory optic nucleus; AF7 with the parvocellular superficial pretectal nucleus; AF8 with the central pretectal nucleus; and AF9d and AF9v with the dorsal and ventral periventricular pretectal nuclei. AF6 is probably part of the accessory optic system. Imaging, ablation, and activation experiments showed contributions of AF5 and potentially AF6 to optokinetic and optomotor reflexes, AF4 to phototaxis, and AF7 to prey detection. AF6, AF8 and AF9v respond to dimming, and AF4 and AF9d to brightening. While few annotations remain tentative, it is apparent that the larval zebrafish visual system is anatomically and functionally continuous with its adult successor and fits the general cyprinid pattern. This study illustrates the synergy created by merging classical neuroanatomy with a cellular-resolution digital brain atlas resource and functional imaging in larval zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herwig Baier
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Genes-Circuits-Behavior, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mario F Wullimann
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Genes-Circuits-Behavior, Martinsried, Germany.,Department Biology II, Division of Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU Munich), Martinsried, Germany
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18
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Li Z, Cao P, Meng H, Li D, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wang S. Long-term exposure to 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline can trigger a potential risk of Parkinson's disease. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125230. [PMID: 33548786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to heterocyclic amines (HCAs) from a wide range of sources, such as protein-rich thermally processed foods, cigarette smoke, contaminated river water, the atmosphere, soil, and forest fire ash. Although the carcinogenic and mutagenic hazards of HCAs have been widely studied, the potential neurotoxicity of these compounds still needs to be further elucidated. Here, we studied the neurotoxicity of the HCA 2-amino-3-methylimidazole[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) in vivo by utilizing a zebrafish model. After 35 days of exposure at 8, 80, and 800 ng/mL, zebrafish exploratory behavior and locomotor activity were significantly inhibited, and light/dark preference behaviors were also disturbed. Moreover, the expression of Parkinson's disease (PD)-related genes and proteins, dopamine-related genes, neuroplasticity-related genes, antioxidant enzyme genes and inflammatory cytokine genes in the zebrafish brain was significantly affected. The numbers of NeuN neurons in the midbrain were decreased in exposed zebrafish, while the numbers of apoptotic cells were increased. In summary, our research suggests that IQ is neurotoxic and significantly associated with PD and that long-term exposure to IQ may contribute to PD risk. This risk may be related to IQ-mediated effects on mitochondrial homeostasis and induction of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Peipei Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huiling Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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19
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Mechanism of Pacemaker Activity in Zebrafish DC2/4 Dopaminergic Neurons. J Neurosci 2021; 41:4141-4157. [PMID: 33731451 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2124-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish models are used increasingly to study the molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), owing to the extensive array of techniques available for their experimental manipulation and analysis. The ascending dopaminergic projection from the posterior tuberculum (TPp; diencephalic populations DC2 and DC4) to the subpallium is considered the zebrafish correlate of the mammalian nigrostriatal projection, but little is known about the neurophysiology of zebrafish DC2/4 neurons. This is an important knowledge gap, because autonomous activity in mammalian substantia nigra (SNc) dopaminergic neurons contributes to their vulnerability in PD models. Using a new transgenic zebrafish line to label living dopaminergic neurons, and a novel brain slice preparation, we conducted whole-cell patch clamp recordings of DC2/4 neurons from adult zebrafish of both sexes. Zebrafish DC2/4 neurons share many physiological properties with mammalian dopaminergic neurons, including the cell-autonomous generation of action potentials. However, in contrast to mammalian dopaminergic neurons, the pacemaker driving intrinsic rhythmic activity in zebrafish DC2/4 neurons does not involve calcium conductances, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, or sodium leak currents. Instead, voltage clamp recordings and computational models show that interactions between three components - a small, predominantly potassium, leak conductance, voltage-gated sodium channels, and voltage-gated potassium channels - are sufficient for pacemaker activity in zebrafish DC2/4 neurons. These results contribute to understanding the comparative physiology of the dopaminergic system and provide a conceptual basis for interpreting data derived from zebrafish PD models. The findings further suggest new experimental opportunities to address the role of dopaminergic pacemaker activity in the pathogenesis of PD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Posterior tuberculum (TPp) DC2/4 dopaminergic neurons are considered the zebrafish correlate of mammalian substantia nigra (SNc) neurons, whose degeneration causes the motor signs of Parkinson's disease (PD). Our study shows that DC2/4 and SNc neurons share a number of electrophysiological properties, including depolarized membrane potential, high input resistance, and continual, cell-autonomous pacemaker activity, that strengthen the basis for the increasing use of zebrafish models to study the molecular pathogenesis of PD. The mechanisms driving pacemaker activity differ between DC2/4 and SNc neurons, providing: (1) experimental opportunities to dissociate the contributions of intrinsic activity and underlying pacemaker currents to pathogenesis; and (2) essential information for the design and interpretation of studies using zebrafish PD models.
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20
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Oliveira AC, Fascineli ML, Andrade TS, Sousa-Moura D, Domingues I, Camargo NS, Oliveira R, Grisolia CK, Villacis RAR. Exposure to tricyclic antidepressant nortriptyline affects early-life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 210:111868. [PMID: 33421720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric drugs are among the leading medications prescribed for humans, with their presence in aquatic environments raising concerns relating to potentially harmful effects on non-target organisms. Nortriptyline (NTP) is a selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor antidepressant, widely used in clinics and found in environmental water matrices. In this study, we evaluated the toxic effects of NTP on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and early larval stages. Developmental and mortality analyses were performed on zebrafish exposed to NTP for 168 h at concentrations ranging from 500 to 46,900 µg/L. Locomotor behaviour and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were evaluated by exposing embryos/larvae to lower NTP concentrations (0.006-500 µg/L). The median lethal NTP concentration after 168 h exposure was 2190 µg/L. Although we did not identify significant developmental changes in the treated groups, lack of equilibrium was already visible in surviving larvae exposed to ≥ 500 µg/L NTP. The behavioural analyses showed that NTP was capable of modifying zebrafish larvae swimming behaviour, even at extremely low (0.006 and 0.088 µg/L) environmentally relevant concentrations. We consistently observed a significant reduction in AChE activity in the animals exposed to 500 µg/L NTP. Our results highlight acute toxic effects of NTP on the early-life stages of zebrafish. Most importantly, exposure to environmentally relevant NTP concentrations may affect zebrafish larvae locomotor behaviour, which in turn could reduce the fitness of the species. More studies involving chronic exposure and sensitive endpoints are warranted to better understand the effect of NTP in a more realistic exposure scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Oliveira
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Maria L Fascineli
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Thayres S Andrade
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, UFC, Campus de Crateús, 63700-000 Crateús, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Diego Sousa-Moura
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Inês Domingues
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Níchollas S Camargo
- Faculdade da Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, 72220-90 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Rhaul Oliveira
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Faculdade de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13484-332 Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cesar K Grisolia
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Rolando A R Villacis
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
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21
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von Eugen K, Tabrik S, Güntürkün O, Ströckens F. A comparative analysis of the dopaminergic innervation of the executive caudal nidopallium in pigeon, chicken, zebra finch, and carrion crow. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:2929-2955. [PMID: 32020608 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the long, separate evolutionary history of birds and mammals, both lineages developed a rich behavioral repertoire of remarkably similar executive control generated by distinctly different brains. The seat for executive functioning in birds is the nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL) and the mammalian equivalent is known as the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Both are densely innervated by dopaminergic fibers, and are an integration center of sensory input and motor output. Whereas the variation of the PFC has been well documented in different mammalian orders, we know very little about the NCL across the avian clade. In order to investigate whether this structure adheres to species-specific variations, this study aimed to describe the trajectory of the NCL in pigeon, chicken, carrion crow and zebra finch. We employed immunohistochemistry to map dopaminergic innervation, and executed a Gallyas stain to visualize the dorsal arcopallial tract that runs between the NCL and the arcopallium. Our analysis showed that whereas the trajectory of the NCL in the chicken is highly comparable to the pigeon, the two Passeriformes show a strikingly different pattern. In both carrion crow and zebra finch, we identified four different subareas of high dopaminergic innervation that span the entire caudal forebrain. Based on their sensory input, motor output, and involvement in dopamine-related cognitive control of the delineated areas here, we propose that at least three morphologically different subareas constitute the NCL in these songbirds. Thus, our study shows that comparable to the PFC in mammals, the NCL in birds varies considerably across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaya von Eugen
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sepideh Tabrik
- Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil GmbH, Bochum, Germany
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Felix Ströckens
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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22
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Wullimann MF, Umeasalugo KE. Sonic hedgehog expression in zebrafish forebrain identifies the teleostean pallidal signaling center and shows preglomerular complex and posterior tubercular dopamine cells to arise from shh cells. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:1321-1348. [PMID: 31760659 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ventralization, a major patterning process in the developing vertebrate neural tube (central nervous system, CNS), depends on Sonic hedgehog (SHH) as a main signaling morphogen. We studied the CNS of late larval and young adult zebrafish in a transgenic shh-GFP line revealing increased neuroanatomical detail due to the progressed differentiation state compared to earlier stages. Some major findings emerge from the present study. (a) shh -GFP is still expressed along the adult zebrafish CNS neuraxis in most locations seen in larvae. (b) We newly identify a ventroposterior shh pallidal domain representing the basal telencephalic signaling center important for basal ganglia development known in other vertebrates (i.e., the anterior entopeduncular area-basal medial ganglionic eminence of mammals). (c) We further show late-emerging shh-GFP positive radial glia cells in the medial zone of the dorsal telencephalon (i.e., the teleostan pallial amygdala). (d) Immunostains for tyrosine hydroxylase demonstrate that there is selective colocalization in adult dopamine cells with shh-GFP in the posterior tuberculum, including in projection cells to striatum, which represents a striking parallel to amniote mesodiencephalic dopamine cell origin from shh expressing floor plate cells. (e) There is no colocalization of shh and islet1 as shown by respective shh-GFP and islet1-GFP lines. (f) The only radially far migrated shh-GFP cells are located in the preglomerular area. (g) There are no adult cerebellar and tectal shh-GFP cells confirming their exclusive role during early development as previously reported by our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario F Wullimann
- Department Biology II, Division of Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Kosisochukwu E Umeasalugo
- Department Biology II, Division of Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU Munich), Munich, Germany
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23
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Lozano D, Morona R, González A, López JM. Comparative Analysis of the Organization of the Catecholaminergic Systems in the Brain of Holostean Fishes (Actinopterygii/Neopterygii). BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2019; 93:206-235. [PMID: 31711060 DOI: 10.1159/000503769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Living holosteans, comprising 8 species of bowfins and gars, form a small monophyletic group of actinopterygian fishes, which are currently considered as the sister group to the enormously numerous teleosts and have largely been neglected in neuroanatomical studies. We have studied the catecholaminergic (CAergic) systems by means of antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine (DA) in the brain of representative species of the 3 genera included in the 2 orders of holostean fishes: Amia calva (Amiiformes) and Lepisosteus platyrhincus, Lepisosteus oculatus, and Atractosteus spatula (Lepisosteiformes). Different groups of TH/DA-immunoreactive (ir) cells were observed in the olfactory bulb, subpallium, and preoptic area of the telencephalon. Hypothalamic groups were labeled in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, tuberal (only in A. calva), retrotuberal, and retromamillary areas; specifically, the paraventricular organ showed only DA immunoreactivity. In the diencephalon, TH/DA-ir groups were detected in the prethalamus, posterior tubercle, and pretectum. In the caudal hindbrain, the solitary tract nucleus and area postrema presented TH/DA-ir cell groups, and also the spinal cord and the retina. Only in A. calva, particular CAergic cell groups were observed in the habenula, the mesencephalic tegmentum, and in the locus coeruleus. Following a neuromeric analysis, the comparison of these results with those obtained in other classes of fishes and tetrapods shows many common traits of CAergic systems shared by most vertebrates and in addition highlights unique features of actinopterygian fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lozano
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Morona
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín González
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M López
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain,
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24
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Rosner E, Chagnaud BP, Wullimann MF. Serotonin systems in three socially communicating teleost species, the grunting toadfish (Allenbatrachus grunniens), a South American marine catfish (Ariopsis seemanni), and the upside-down catfish (Synodontis nigriventris). J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 104:101708. [PMID: 31705955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated immunohistochemically the distribution of serotonergic cell populations in three teleost species (one toadfish, Allenbatrachus grunniens, and two catfishes, Synodontis nigriventris and Ariopsis seemanni). All three species exhibited large populations of 5-HT positive neurons in the paraventricular organ (PVO) and the dorsal (Hd) and caudal (Hc) periventricular hypothalamic zones, plus a smaller one in the periventricular pretectum, a few cells in the pineal stalk, and - only in catfishes - in the preoptic region. Furthermore, the rhombencephalic superior and inferior raphe always contained ample serotonergic cells. In each species, a neuronal mass extended into the hypothalamic lateral recess. Only in the toadfish, did this intraventricular structure contain serotonergic cells and arise from Hd, whereas in the catfishes it emerged from medially and represents the dorsal tuberal nucleus seen in other catfishes as well. Serotonergic cells in PVO, Hd and Hc were liquor-contacting. Those of the PVO extended into the midline area of the periventricular posterior tubercular nucleus in both catfishes. Dopaminergic, liquor-contacting neurons were additionally investigated using an antibody against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in S. nigriventris showing that TH was never co-localized with serotonin. Because TH antibodies are known to reveal mostly or only the TH1 enzyme, we hypothesize that th1-expressing dopamine cells (unlike th2-expressing ones) do not co-localize with serotonin. Since the three investigated species engage in social communication using swim bladder associated musculature, we investigated the serotonergic innervation of the hindbrain vocal or electromotor nuclei initiating the social signal. We found in all three species serotonergic fibers seemingly originating from close-by serotonergic neurons of inferior raphe or anterior spinal cord. Minor differences appear to be rather species-specific than dependent on the type of social communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Rosner
- Department Biologie II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Boris P Chagnaud
- Institute for Biology, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Mario F Wullimann
- Department Biologie II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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25
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Lechermeier CG, Zimmer F, Lüffe TM, Lesch KP, Romanos M, Lillesaar C, Drepper C. Transcript Analysis of Zebrafish GLUT3 Genes, slc2a3a and slc2a3b, Define Overlapping as Well as Distinct Expression Domains in the Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Central Nervous System. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:199. [PMID: 31507372 PMCID: PMC6718831 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transport of glucose across the cell plasma membrane is vital to most mammalian cells. The glucose transporter (GLUT; also called SLC2A) family of transmembrane solute carriers is responsible for this function in vivo. GLUT proteins encompass 14 different isoforms in humans with different cell type-specific expression patterns and activities. Central to glucose utilization and delivery in the brain is the neuronally expressed GLUT3. Recent research has shown an involvement of GLUT3 genetic variation or altered expression in several different brain disorders, including Huntington's and Alzheimer's diseases. Furthermore, GLUT3 was identified as a potential risk gene for multiple psychiatric disorders. To study the role of GLUT3 in brain function and disease a more detailed knowledge of its expression in model organisms is needed. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has in recent years gained popularity as a model organism for brain research and is now well-established for modeling psychiatric disorders. Here, we have analyzed the sequence of GLUT3 orthologs and identified two paralogous genes in the zebrafish, slc2a3a and slc2a3b. Interestingly, the Glut3b protein sequence contains a unique stretch of amino acids, which may be important for functional regulation. The slc2a3a transcript is detectable in the central nervous system including distinct cellular populations in telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon at embryonic and larval stages. Conversely, the slc2a3b transcript shows a rather diffuse expression pattern at different embryonic stages and brain regions. Expression of slc2a3a is maintained in the adult brain and is found in the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, cerebellum and medulla oblongata. The slc2a3b transcripts are present in overlapping as well as distinct regions compared to slc2a3a. Double in situ hybridizations were used to demonstrate that slc2a3a is expressed by some GABAergic neurons at embryonic stages. This detailed description of zebrafish slc2a3a and slc2a3b expression at developmental and adult stages paves the way for further investigations of normal GLUT3 function and its role in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina G Lechermeier
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frederic Zimmer
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Teresa M Lüffe
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Lillesaar
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Drepper
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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26
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Reuter I, Jäckels J, Kneitz S, Kuper J, Lesch KP, Lillesaar C. Fgf3 is crucial for the generation of monoaminergic cerebrospinal fluid contacting cells in zebrafish. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.040683. [PMID: 31036752 PMCID: PMC6602327 DOI: 10.1242/bio.040683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In most vertebrates, including zebrafish, the hypothalamic serotonergic cerebrospinal fluid-contacting (CSF-c) cells constitute a prominent population. In contrast to the hindbrain serotonergic neurons, little is known about the development and function of these cells. Here, we identify fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)3 as the main Fgf ligand controlling the ontogeny of serotonergic CSF-c cells. We show that fgf3 positively regulates the number of serotonergic CSF-c cells, as well as a subset of dopaminergic and neuroendocrine cells in the posterior hypothalamus via control of proliferation and cell survival. Further, expression of the ETS-domain transcription factor etv5b is downregulated after fgf3 impairment. Previous findings identified etv5b as critical for the proliferation of serotonergic progenitors in the hypothalamus, and therefore we now suggest that Fgf3 acts via etv5b during early development to ultimately control the number of mature serotonergic CSF-c cells. Moreover, our analysis of the developing hypothalamic transcriptome shows that the expression of fgf3 is upregulated upon fgf3 loss-of-function, suggesting activation of a self-compensatory mechanism. Together, these results highlight Fgf3 in a novel context as part of a signalling pathway of critical importance for hypothalamic development. Summary: This study highlights Fgf3 in a novel context where it is part of a signalling pathway of critical importance for development of hypothalamic monoaminergic cells in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Reuter
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jana Jäckels
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Kneitz
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Kuper
- Structural Biology, Rudolf Virchow Center for Biomedical Research, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christina Lillesaar
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, Germany .,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
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27
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Baeuml SW, Biechl D, Wullimann MF. Adult islet1 Expression Outlines Ventralized Derivatives Along Zebrafish Neuraxis. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:19. [PMID: 30863287 PMCID: PMC6399416 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Signals issued by dorsal roof and ventral floor plates, respectively, underlie the major patterning process of dorsalization and ventralization during vertebrate neural tube development. The ventrally produced morphogen Sonic hedgehog (SHH) is crucial for vertebrate hindbrain and spinal motor neuron development. One diagnostic gene for motor neurons is the LIM/homeodomain gene islet1, which has additional ventral expression domains extending into mid- and forebrain. In order to corroborate motor neuron development and, in particular, to improve on the identification of poorly documented zebrafish forebrain islet1 populations, we studied adult brains of transgenic islet1-GFP zebrafish (3 and 6 months). This molecular neuroanatomical analysis was supported by immunostaining these brains for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), respectively, revealing zebrafish catecholaminergic and cholinergic neurons. The present analysis of ChAT and islet1-GFP label confirms ongoing adult expression of islet1 in zebrafish (basal plate) midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal motor neurons. In contrast, non-motor cholinergic systems lack islet1 expression. Additional presumed basal plate islet1 positive systems are described in detail, aided by TH staining which is particularly informative in the diencephalon. Finally, alar plate zebrafish forebrain systems with islet1 expression are described (i.e., thalamus, preoptic region, and subpallium). We conclude that adult zebrafish continue to express islet1 in the same brain systems as in the larva. Further, pending functional confirmation we hypothesize that the larval expression of sonic hedgehog (shh) might causally underlie much of adult islet1 expression because it explains findings beyond ventrally located systems, for example regarding shh expression in the zona limitans intrathalamica and correlated islet1-GFP expression in the thalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan W Baeuml
- Division of Neurobiology, Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Biechl
- Division of Neurobiology, Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mario F Wullimann
- Division of Neurobiology, Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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28
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Direct and selective lineage conversion of human fibroblasts to dopaminergic precursors. Neurosci Lett 2019; 699:16-23. [PMID: 30664902 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of dopaminergic precursors (DPs) is a promising therapeutic strategy of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, limited cell source for dopaminergic precursors has become a major obstacle for transplantation therapy. Our group demonstrated previously that mouse fibroblasts can be reprogrammed into induced dopaminergic precursors (iDPs) with high differentiation efficiency. In the current study, we hypothesized that a similar strategy can be applied to generate human iDPs for future cell therapy of PD. We overexpressed transcription factors Brn2, Sox2, and Foxa2 in human fibroblasts and observed formation of neurospheres. Subsequent characterization of the precursor colonies confirmed the generation of human induced dopaminergic precursors (hiDPs). These hiDPs were capable of self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. The hiDPs demonstrated high immunoreactivity for neural progenitor markers and high levels of gene expression for ventral mesencephalon-related neural progenitor markers such as Lmx1a, NIKX6.1, Corin, Otx2 and Mash1. Furthermore, the hiDPs could be differentiated into dopaminergic neurons with ˜80% efficiency, which significantly increased major functionally relevant proteins such as TH, DAT, AADC, Lmx1B, and VMAT2 compared to hiDPs. Additionally, hiDPs are more dopaminergic progenitor-restricted compare to those hiDP-like cells reprogrammed only by Brn2 and Sox2. Together, these results suggest that hiDPs with high differentiation efficiency can be generated by direct lineage reprogramming of fibroblasts with transcription factors Brn2, Sox2, and Foxa2. These hiDPs may serve as a safe and effective cell source for transplantation treatment of PD.
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29
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López JM, Lozano D, Morona R, González A. Organization of the catecholaminergic systems in two basal actinopterygian fishes, Polypterus senegalus
and Erpetoichthys calabaricus
(Actinopterygii: Cladistia). J Comp Neurol 2018; 527:437-461. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M. López
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology; University Complutense of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Daniel Lozano
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology; University Complutense of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Ruth Morona
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology; University Complutense of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Agustín González
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology; University Complutense of Madrid; Madrid Spain
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30
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Venables MJ, Xing L, Edington CC, Trudeau VL. Neuronal regeneration in the goldfish telencephalon following 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) insult. Facets (Ott) 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2017-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The constitutive regenerative ability of the goldfish central nervous system makes them an excellent model organism to study neurogenesis. Intraperitoneal injection of neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was used to deplete tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the adult goldfish telencephalon. We report novel information on the ability of the goldfish to regenerate (∼3–4 d post-MPTP insult) damaged neurons in telencephalic tissue by observing the rapid incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into newly generated cells, which precedes the recovery of motor function in MPTP-treated animals. Specifically, the telencephalon area telencephali pars dorsalis in female goldfish, which is associated with fish motor activity, regenerates following MPTP toxicity. The remarkable ability of goldfish to rapidly regenerate damaged neurons provides insight into their use as model organisms to study neuroregenerative abilities within a few days following injury. We provide evidence that goldfish are able to regenerate neurons in ∼3–4 d to both replenish and recover baseline catecholaminergic levels, thus enabling the fish to reestablish basic activities such as swimming. The study of neuron regeneration in the damaged goldfish brain will increase our understanding of vertebrate neurogenesis and regeneration processes following central nervous system injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Xing
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | | | - Vance L. Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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31
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Andrade TS, de Oliveira R, da Silva ML, Von Zuben MV, Grisolia CK, Domingues I, Caldas ED, Pic-Taylor A. Exposure to ayahuasca induces developmental and behavioral alterations on early life stages of zebrafish. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 293:133-140. [PMID: 30086270 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychoactive concoction prepared from the plants Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis which are used ancestrally by Amazonian Indian populations and more recently, by Christian religious groups in Brazil and other countries. The aims of the present study were to identify the effects of ayahuasca on zebrafish embryo development and neurobehavior. Toxicity and developmental endpoints for zebrafish embryos were assessed from 0 to 1000 mg/L over 96 h of exposure. The effects on locomotor activity of zebrafish larvae were assessed using a video tracking system (ZebraBox) from 0 to 20 mg/L and after 120 and 144 h of exposure. The LC50 of ayahuasca in zebrafish was determined as 236.3 mg/L. Ayahuasca exposure caused significant developmental anomalies in zebrafish embryos, mainly at the highest concentration tested, including hatching delay, loss of equilibrium, edema and the accumulation of red blood cells. Embryo behavior was also significantly affected, with decreased locomotor activity at the highest concentration tested. These results are in accordance with data obtained in mammal studies highlighting the possible risks of uncontrolled use of ayahuasca. Further research employing more specific behavior analysis could provide additional data on both therapeutic benefits and possible toxicological risk of ayahuasca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayres S Andrade
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
| | - Rhaul de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF, Brazil; School of Technology, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Toxicology and Toxicological Analysis Postgraduate Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Muriel Lopes da Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
| | | | - Cesar Koppe Grisolia
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
| | - Inês Domingues
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus of Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eloisa Dutra Caldas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
| | - Aline Pic-Taylor
- Laboratory of Embryology and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF, Brazil.
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Imperatore R, D'Angelo L, Safari O, Motlagh HA, Piscitelli F, de Girolamo P, Cristino L, Varricchio E, di Marzo V, Paolucci M. Overlapping Distribution of Orexin and Endocannabinoid Receptors and Their Functional Interaction in the Brain of Adult Zebrafish. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:62. [PMID: 30104964 PMCID: PMC6077257 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypocretins/Orexins neuropeptides are known to regulate numerous physiological functions, such as energy homeostasis, food intake, sleep/wake cycle, arousal and wakefulness, in vertebrates. Previous studies on mice have revealed an intriguing orexins/endocannabinoids (ECs) signaling interaction at both structural and functional levels, with OX-A behaving as a strong enhancer of 2-arachydonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) biosynthesis. In this study, we describe, for the first time in the brain of zebrafish, the anatomical distribution and co-expression of orexin (OX-2R) and endocannabinoid (CB1R) receptors, suggesting a functional interaction. The immunohistochemical colocalization of these receptors by confocal imaging in the dorsal and ventral telencephalon, suprachiasmatic nucleus (SC), thalamus, hypothalamus, preoptic area (PO) and cerebellum, is reported. Moreover, biochemical quantification of 2-AG levels by LC-MS supports the occurrence of OX-A-induced 2-AG biosynthesis in the zebrafish brain after 3 h of OX-A intraperitoneal (i.p.; 3 pmol/g) or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.; 0.3 pmol/g) injection. This effect is likely mediated by OX-2R as it is counteracted by i.p./i.c.v administration of OX-2R antagonist (SB334867, 10 pmol/g). This study provides compelling morphological and functional evidence of an OX-2R/CB1R signaling interaction in the brain of adult zebrafish, suggesting the use of this well-established vertebrate animal model for the study of complex and phylogenetically conserved physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Imperatore
- Department of Science and Technology (DST), University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Livia D'Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Omid Safari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Ahmadniaye Motlagh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Paolo de Girolamo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigia Cristino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Ettore Varricchio
- Department of Science and Technology (DST), University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Vincenzo di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Department of Science and Technology (DST), University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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Soengas JL, Cerdá-Reverter JM, Delgado MJ. Central regulation of food intake in fish: an evolutionary perspective. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:R171-R199. [PMID: 29467140 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that central regulation of food intake is well conserved along the vertebrate lineage, at least between teleost fish and mammals. However, several differences arise in the comparison between both groups. In this review, we describe similarities and differences between teleost fish and mammals on an evolutionary perspective. We focussed on the existing knowledge of specific fish features conditioning food intake, anatomical homologies and analogies between both groups as well as the main signalling pathways of neuroendocrine and metabolic nature involved in the homeostatic and hedonic central regulation of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Soengas
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da SaúdeLaboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - José Miguel Cerdá-Reverter
- Departamento de Fisiología de Peces y BiotecnologíaInstituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - María Jesús Delgado
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II)Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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López JM, González A. Organization of the catecholaminergic systems in the brain of lungfishes, the closest living relatives of terrestrial vertebrates. J Comp Neurol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M. López
- Department of Cell Biology; Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Agustín González
- Department of Cell Biology; Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid; Madrid Spain
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Yamamoto K, Bloch S, Vernier P. New perspective on the regionalization of the anterior forebrain in Osteichthyes. Dev Growth Differ 2017; 59:175-187. [PMID: 28470718 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the current model, the most anterior part of the forebrain (secondary prosencephalon) is subdivided into the telencephalon dorsally and the hypothalamus ventrally. Our recent study identified a new morphogenetic unit named the optic recess region (ORR) between the telencephalon and the hypothalamus. This modification of the forebrain regionalization based on the ventricular organization resolved some previously unexplained inconsistency about regional identification in different vertebrate groups. The ventricular-based comparison also revealed a large diversity within the subregions (notably in the hypothalamus and telencephalon) among different vertebrate groups. In tetrapods there is only one hypothalamic recess, while in teleosts there are two recesses. Most notably, the mammalian and teleost hypothalami are two extreme cases: the former has lost the cerebrospinal fluid-contacting (CSF-c) neurons, while the latter has increased them. Thus, one to one homology of hypothalamic subregions in mammals and teleosts requires careful verification. In the telencephalon, different developmental processes between Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish) and Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) have already been described: the evagination and the eversion. Although pallial homology has been long discussed based on the assumption that the medial-lateral organization of the pallium in Actinopterygii is inverted from that in Sarcopterygii, recent developmental data contradict this assumption. Current models of the brain organization are largely based on a mammalian-centric point of view, but our comparative analyses shed new light on the brain organization of Osteichthyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Yamamoto
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (UMR 9197), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Solal Bloch
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (UMR 9197), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Philippe Vernier
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (UMR 9197), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
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36
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Hockman D, Burns AJ, Schlosser G, Gates KP, Jevans B, Mongera A, Fisher S, Unlu G, Knapik EW, Kaufman CK, Mosimann C, Zon LI, Lancman JJ, Dong PDS, Lickert H, Tucker AS, Baker CVH. Evolution of the hypoxia-sensitive cells involved in amniote respiratory reflexes. eLife 2017; 6:e21231. [PMID: 28387645 PMCID: PMC5438250 DOI: 10.7554/elife.21231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary origins of the hypoxia-sensitive cells that trigger amniote respiratory reflexes - carotid body glomus cells, and 'pulmonary neuroendocrine cells' (PNECs) - are obscure. Homology has been proposed between glomus cells, which are neural crest-derived, and the hypoxia-sensitive 'neuroepithelial cells' (NECs) of fish gills, whose embryonic origin is unknown. NECs have also been likened to PNECs, which differentiate in situ within lung airway epithelia. Using genetic lineage-tracing and neural crest-deficient mutants in zebrafish, and physical fate-mapping in frog and lamprey, we find that NECs are not neural crest-derived, but endoderm-derived, like PNECs, whose endodermal origin we confirm. We discover neural crest-derived catecholaminergic cells associated with zebrafish pharyngeal arch blood vessels, and propose a new model for amniote hypoxia-sensitive cell evolution: endoderm-derived NECs were retained as PNECs, while the carotid body evolved via the aggregation of neural crest-derived catecholaminergic (chromaffin) cells already associated with blood vessels in anamniote pharyngeal arches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Hockman
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alan J Burns
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Schlosser
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Keith P Gates
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Benjamin Jevans
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Mongera
- Department of Genetics, Max-Planck Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shannon Fisher
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Gokhan Unlu
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Ela W Knapik
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Charles K Kaufman
- Children’s Hospital Boston, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Christian Mosimann
- Children’s Hospital Boston, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Children’s Hospital Boston, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Joseph J Lancman
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - P Duc S Dong
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare V H Baker
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Xavier AL, Fontaine R, Bloch S, Affaticati P, Jenett A, Demarque M, Vernier P, Yamamoto K. Comparative analysis of monoaminergic cerebrospinal fluid-contacting cells in Osteichthyes (bony vertebrates). J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:2265-2283. [PMID: 28295297 PMCID: PMC6585609 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid‐contacting (CSF‐c) cells containing monoamines such as dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5‐HT) occur in the periventricular zones of the hypothalamic region of most vertebrates except for placental mammals. Here we compare the organization of the CSF‐c cells in chicken, Xenopus, and zebrafish, by analyzing the expression of synthetic enzymes of DA and 5‐HT, respectively, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), and draw an evolutionary scenario for this cell population. Due to the lack of TH immunoreactivity in this region, the hypothalamic CSF‐c cells have been thought to take up DA from the ventricle instead of synthesizing it. We demonstrate that a second TH gene (TH2) is expressed in the CSF‐c cells of all the three species, suggesting that these cells do indeed synthetize DA. Furthermore, we found that many CSF‐c cells coexpress TH2 and TPH1 and contain both DA and 5‐HT, a dual neurotransmitter phenotype hitherto undescribed in the brain of any vertebrate. The similarities of CSF‐c cells in chicken, Xenopus, and zebrafish suggest that these characteristics are inherited from the common ancestor of the Osteichthyes. A significant difference between tetrapods and teleosts is that teleosts possess an additional CSF‐c cell population around the posterior recess (PR) that has emerged in specific groups of Actinopterygii. Our comparative analysis reveals that the hypothalamus in mammals and teleosts has evolved in a divergent manner: placental mammals have lost the monoaminergic CSF‐c cells, while teleosts have increased their relative number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Xavier
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Solal Bloch
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Pierre Affaticati
- TEFOR Core Facility, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Arnim Jenett
- TEFOR Core Facility, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Michaël Demarque
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Philippe Vernier
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
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38
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Helmprobst F, Lillesaar C, Stigloher C. Expression of sept3, sept5a and sept5b in the Developing and Adult Nervous System of the Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:6. [PMID: 28261064 PMCID: PMC5313478 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Septins are a highly conserved family of small GTPases that form cytoskeletal filaments. Their cellular functions, especially in the nervous system, still remain largely enigmatic, but there are accumulating lines of evidence that septins play important roles in neuronal physiology and pathology. In order to further dissect septin function in the nervous system a detailed temporal resolved analysis in the genetically well tractable model vertebrate zebrafish (Danio rerio) is crucially necessary. To close this knowledge gap we here provide a reference dataset describing the expression of selected septins (sept3, sept5a and sept5b) in the zebrafish central nervous system. Strikingly, proliferation zones are devoid of expression of all three septins investigated, suggesting that they have a role in post-mitotic neural cells. Our finding that three septins are mainly expressed in non-proliferative regions was further confirmed by double-stainings with a proliferative marker. Our RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) study, detecting sept3, sept5a and sept5b mRNAs, shows that all three septins are expressed in largely overlapping regions of the developing brain. However, the expression of sept5a is much more confined compared to sept3 and sept5b. In contrast, the expression of all the three analyzed septins is largely similar in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Helmprobst
- Biocenter, Division of Electron Microscopy, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Lillesaar
- Biocenter, Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Stigloher
- Biocenter, Division of Electron Microscopy, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
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39
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Xing L, Venables MJ, Trudeau VL. Role of aromatase and radial glial cells in neurotoxin-induced dopamine neuron degeneration and regeneration. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 241:69-79. [PMID: 26873632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Radial glial cells (RGCs) in teleost brain are progenitor cells that express aromatase B and produce estrogens. Controversial data suggest that estrogens are critical for brain repair and neurogenesis in teleosts. Using a goldfish model for neurotoxin-induced Parkinson-like syndrome, we investigated the possible roles of RGCs, especially estrogen synthetic function, in the processes underlying dopamine neuron regeneration. The data indicate that dopamine neuron degeneration and aromatase activity inhibition could be respectively achieved in vivo with treatments with the neurotoxin 1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and fadrozole in female goldfish. The expression of genes in the telencephalon and hypothalamus related to RGC functions including gfap, gdnf and bdnf as well as genes related to mature dopamine neuron functions including th, slc6a3 and pitx3 are under modulation of estrogens. Together these results revealed that the activation of radial glial cells and dopamine neuron recovery after MPTP insult is aromatase-dependent. Findings in this study provide support for the hypothesis that endogenous estrogens are neuroprotective in goldfish. Future studies focus on the molecular pathways for enhancing protective functions of estrogens and understanding global effects of estrogens in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xing
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Maddie J Venables
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Vance L Trudeau
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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40
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Karoubi N, Segev R, Wullimann MF. The Brain of the Archerfish Toxotes chatareus: A Nissl-Based Neuroanatomical Atlas and Catecholaminergic/Cholinergic Systems. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:106. [PMID: 27891081 PMCID: PMC5104738 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, the seven-spot archerfish (Toxotes chatareus) has emerged as a new model for studies in visual and behavioral neuroscience thanks to its unique hunting strategy. Its natural ability to spit at insects outside of water can be used in the laboratory for well controlled behavioral experiments where the fish is trained to aim at targets on a screen. The need for a documentation of the neuroanatomy of this animal became critical as more research groups use it as a model. Here we present an atlas of adult T. chatareus specimens caught in the wild in South East Asia. The atlas shows representative sections of the brain and specific structures revealed by a classic Nissl staining as well as corresponding schematic drawings. Additional immunostainings for catecholaminergic and cholinergic systems were conducted to corroborate the identification of certain nuclei and the data of a whole brain scanner is available online. We describe the general features of the archerfish brain as well as its specificities, especially for the visual system and compare the neuroanatomy of the archerfish with other teleosts. This atlas of the archerfish brain shows all levels of the neuraxis and intends to provide a solid basis for further neuroscientific research on T. chatareus, in particular electrophysiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Karoubi
- Life Sciences Department and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beersheba, Israel
| | - Ronen Segev
- Life Sciences Department and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beersheba, Israel
| | - Mario F Wullimann
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences and Division of Neurobiology, Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Munich, Germany
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41
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Horzmann KA, Freeman JL. Zebrafish Get Connected: Investigating Neurotransmission Targets and Alterations in Chemical Toxicity. TOXICS 2016; 4:19. [PMID: 28730152 PMCID: PMC5515482 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmission is the basis of neuronal communication and is critical for normal brain development, behavior, learning, and memory. Exposure to drugs and chemicals can alter neurotransmission, often through unknown pathways and mechanisms. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) model system is increasingly being used to study the brain and chemical neurotoxicity. In this review, the major neurotransmitter systems, including glutamate, GABA, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, and glutamate are surveyed and pathways of synthesis, transport, metabolism, and action are examined. Differences between human and zebrafish neurochemical pathways are highlighted. We also review techniques for evaluating neurological function, including the measurement of neurotransmitter levels, assessment of gene expression through transcriptomic analysis, and the recording of neurobehavior. Finally examples of chemical toxicity studies evaluating alterations in neurotransmitter systems in the zebrafish model are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer L. Freeman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
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42
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Chen YC, Semenova S, Rozov S, Sundvik M, Bonkowsky JL, Panula P. A Novel Developmental Role for Dopaminergic Signaling to Specify Hypothalamic Neurotransmitter Identity. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21880-21892. [PMID: 27539857 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.697466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic neurons expressing histamine and orexin/hypocretin (hcrt) are necessary for normal regulation of wakefulness. In Parkinson's disease, the loss of dopaminergic neurons is associated with elevated histamine levels and disrupted sleep/wake cycles, but the mechanism is not understood. To characterize the role of dopamine in the development of histamine neurons, we inhibited the translation of the two non-allelic forms of tyrosine hydroxylase (th1 and th2) in zebrafish larvae. We found that dopamine levels were reduced in both th1 and th2 knockdown, but the serotonin level and number of serotonin neurons remained unchanged. Further, we demonstrated that th2 knockdown increased histamine neuron number and histamine levels, whereas increased dopaminergic signaling using the dopamine precursor l-DOPA (l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) or dopamine receptor agonists reduced the number of histaminergic neurons. Increases in the number of histaminergic neurons were paralleled by matching increases in the numbers of hcrt neurons, supporting observations that histamine regulates hcrt neuron development. Finally, we show that histaminergic neurons surround th2-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus, and we suggest that dopamine regulates the terminal differentiation of histamine neurons via paracrine actions or direct synaptic neurotransmission. These results reveal a role for dopaminergic signaling in the regulation of neurotransmitter identity and a potential mechanism contributing to sleep disturbances in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chia Chen
- From the Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland and
| | - Svetlana Semenova
- From the Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland and
| | - Stanislav Rozov
- From the Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland and
| | - Maria Sundvik
- From the Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland and
| | - Joshua L Bonkowsky
- the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84113
| | - Pertti Panula
- From the Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland and
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Mersereau EJ, Boyle CA, Poitra S, Espinoza A, Seiler J, Longie R, Delvo L, Szarkowski M, Maliske J, Chalmers S, Darland DC, Darland T. Longitudinal Effects of Embryonic Exposure to Cocaine on Morphology, Cardiovascular Physiology, and Behavior in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060847. [PMID: 27258254 PMCID: PMC4926381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A sizeable portion of the societal drain from cocaine abuse results from the complications of in utero drug exposure. Because of challenges in using humans and mammalian model organisms as test subjects, much debate remains about the impact of in utero cocaine exposure. Zebrafish offer a number of advantages as a model in longitudinal toxicology studies and are quite sensitive physiologically and behaviorally to cocaine. In this study, we have used zebrafish to model the effects of embryonic pre-exposure to cocaine on development and on subsequent cardiovascular physiology and cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in longitudinal adults. Larval fish showed a progressive decrease in telencephalic size with increased doses of cocaine. These treated larvae also showed a dose dependent response in heart rate that persisted 24 h after drug cessation. Embryonic cocaine exposure had little effect on overall health of longitudinal adults, but subtle changes in cardiovascular physiology were seen including decreased sensitivity to isoproterenol and increased sensitivity to cocaine. These longitudinal adult fish also showed an embryonic dose-dependent change in CPP behavior, suggesting an increased sensitivity. These studies clearly show that pre-exposure during embryonic development affects subsequent cocaine sensitivity in longitudinal adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Mersereau
- Biology Department, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell Street, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
| | - Cody A Boyle
- Biology Department, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell Street, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
| | - Shelby Poitra
- Biology Department, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell Street, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
| | - Ana Espinoza
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Joclyn Seiler
- Biology Department, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell Street, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
| | - Robert Longie
- Biology Department, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell Street, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
| | - Lisa Delvo
- Biology Department, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell Street, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
| | - Megan Szarkowski
- Biology Department, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell Street, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
| | - Joshua Maliske
- Biology Department, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell Street, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
| | - Sarah Chalmers
- Biology Department, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell Street, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
| | - Diane C Darland
- Biology Department, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell Street, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
| | - Tristan Darland
- Biology Department, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell Street, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
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Biechl D, Dorigo A, Köster RW, Grothe B, Wullimann MF. Eppur Si Muove: Evidence for an External Granular Layer and Possibly Transit Amplification in the Teleostean Cerebellum. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:49. [PMID: 27199681 PMCID: PMC4852188 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The secreted signaling factor Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) acts in the floor plate of the developing vertebrate CNS to promote motoneuron development. In addition, shh has dorsal expression domains in the amniote alar plate (i.e., in isocortex, superior colliculus, and cerebellum). For example, shh expressing Purkinje cells act in transit amplification of external granular layer (EGL) cells of the developing cerebellum. Our previous studies had indicated the presence of an EGL in anamniote zebrafish, but a possible role of shh in the zebrafish cerebellar plate remained elusive. Therefore, we used an existing zebrafish transgenic line Tg(2.4shha-ABC-GFP)sb15; Shkumatava et al., 2004) to show this gene activity and its cellular localization in the larval zebrafish brain. Clearly, GFP expressing cells occur in larval alar zebrafish brain domains, i.e., optic tectum and cerebellum. Analysis of critical cerebellar cell markers on this transgenic background and a PH3 assay for mitotic cells reveals that Purkinje cells and eurydendroid cells are completely non-overlapping postmitotic cell populations. Furthermore, shh-GFP cells never express Zebrin II or parvalbumin, nor calretinin. They are thus neither Purkinje cells nor calretinin positive migrating rhombic lip derived cells. The shh-GFP cells also never correspond to PH3 positive cells of the ventral cerebellar proliferative zone or the upper rhombic lip-derived EGL. From this marker analysis and the location of shh-GFP cells sandwiched between calretinin positive rhombic lip derived cells and parvalbumin positive Purkinje cells, we conclude that shh-GFP expressing cells qualify as previously reported olig2 positive eurydendroid cells, which are homologous to the amniote deep cerebellar nuclei. We confirm this using double transgenic progeny of shh-GFP and olig2-dsRed zebrafish. Thus, these zebrafish eurydendroid cells may have the same role in transit amplification as Purkinje cells do in amniotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Biechl
- Division of Neurobiology, Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandro Dorigo
- Institute of Zoology, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Reinhard W Köster
- Institute of Zoology, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Benedikt Grothe
- Division of Neurobiology, Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Munich, Germany
| | - Mario F Wullimann
- Division of Neurobiology, Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Munich, Germany
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45
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McPherson AD, Barrios JP, Luks-Morgan SJ, Manfredi JP, Bonkowsky JL, Douglass AD, Dorsky RI. Motor Behavior Mediated by Continuously Generated Dopaminergic Neurons in the Zebrafish Hypothalamus Recovers after Cell Ablation. Curr Biol 2016; 26:263-269. [PMID: 26774784 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Postembryonic neurogenesis has been observed in several regions of the vertebrate brain, including the dentate gyrus and rostral migratory stream in mammals, and is required for normal behavior [1-3]. Recently, the hypothalamus has also been shown to undergo continuous neurogenesis as a way to mediate energy balance [4-10]. As the hypothalamus regulates multiple functional outputs, it is likely that additional behaviors may be affected by postembryonic neurogenesis in this brain structure. Here, we have identified a progenitor population in the zebrafish hypothalamus that continuously generates neurons that express tyrosine hydroxylase 2 (th2). We develop and use novel transgenic tools to characterize the lineage of th2(+) cells and demonstrate that they are dopaminergic. Through genetic ablation and optogenetic activation, we then show that th2(+) neurons modulate the initiation of swimming behavior in zebrafish larvae. Finally, we find that the generation of new th2(+) neurons following ablation correlates with restoration of normal behavior. This work thus identifies for the first time a population of dopaminergic neurons that regulates motor behavior capable of functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D McPherson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Joshua P Barrios
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sasha J Luks-Morgan
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - John P Manfredi
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Joshua L Bonkowsky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Adam D Douglass
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Richard I Dorsky
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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46
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López JM, Lozano D, Morona R, González A. Organization of the nitrergic neuronal system in the primitive bony fishes Polypterus senegalus and Erpetoichthys calabaricus (Actinopterygii: Cladistia). J Comp Neurol 2015; 524:1770-804. [PMID: 26517971 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cladistians are a group of basal actinopterygian fishes that constitute a good model for studying primitive brain features, most likely present in the ancestral bony fishes. The analysis of the nitrergic neurons (with the enzyme nitric oxide synthase; NOS) has helped in understanding important aspects of brain organization in all vertebrates studied. We investigated the nitrergic system of two cladistian species by means of specific antibodies against NOS and NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry, which, with the exception of the primary olfactory and terminal nerve fibers, labeled only for NADPH-d, yielded identical results. Double immunohistochemistry was conducted for simultaneous detection of NOS with tyrosine hydroxylase, choline acetyltransferase, calbindin, calretinin, and serotonin, to establish accurately the localization of the nitrergic neurons and fibers and to assess possible interactions between these neuroactive substances. The pattern of distribution in both species showed only subtle differences in the density of labeled cells. Distinct groups of NOS-immunoreactive cells were observed in pallial and subpallial areas, paraventricular region, tuberal and retromammillary hypothalamic areas, posterior tubercle, prethalamic and thalamic areas, optic tectum, torus semicircularis, mesencephalic tegmentum, interpeduncular nucleus, superior and middle reticular nuclei, magnocellular vestibular nucleus, solitary tract nucleus, nucleus medianus magnocellularis, the spinal cord and amacrine cells in the retina. Large neurons in cranial nerve sensory ganglia were also labeled. The comparison of these results with those from other vertebrates, using a neuromeric analysis, reveals a conserved pattern of organization of the nitrergic system from this primitive fish group to amniotes, including mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M López
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Lozano
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Morona
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín González
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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47
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Noble S, Godoy R, Affaticati P, Ekker M. Transgenic Zebrafish Expressing mCherry in the Mitochondria of Dopaminergic Neurons. Zebrafish 2015; 12:349-56. [PMID: 26355474 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations and environmental toxins are known to affect mitochondrial health and have been implicated in the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. To visualize mitochondria in dopaminergic neurons of live zebrafish, we used the regulatory elements of the dopamine transporter (dat) gene to target a reporter, mCherry, after fusion with the mitochondrial localizing signal (MLS) of Tom20. Immunoblot analysis of mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions from Tg(dat:tom20 MLS-mCherry) larvae shows that mCherry is efficiently targeted to the mitochondria. Confocal imaging of live fish was carried out from 1 day postfertilization (dpf) to 9 dpf. We also colocalized dat mRNA expression with the mCherry protein in the olfactory bulb (OB), subpallium (SP), pretectum (Pr), diencephalic clusters 2 and 3 (DC2/3), caudal hypothalamus (Hc), locus coeruleus (LC), anterior preoptic area (POa), retinal amacrine cells (RAC), caudal hypothalamus (Hc), and preoptic area (PO). Treating Tg(dat:tom20 MLS-mCherry) larvae with the dopaminergic neurotoxin MPTP (1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) at 2 or 3 dpf resulted in a decrease in mCherry fluorescence in the pretectum, olfactory bulb, subpallium, diencephalic clusters 2 and 3, and the caudal hypothalamus. Labeling of mitochondria in nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons of zebrafish could allow their visualization in vivo following genetic or pharmacological manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Noble
- 1 Department of Biology, Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Canada
| | - Rafael Godoy
- 1 Department of Biology, Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Canada
| | - Pierre Affaticati
- 2 TEFOR Infrastructure, UPR 3294 N&D Neurobiologie et Développement, CNRS, Institut de Neurosciences A. Fessard , Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marc Ekker
- 1 Department of Biology, Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Canada
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48
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Xing L, McDonald H, Da Fonte DF, Gutierrez-Villagomez JM, Trudeau VL. Dopamine D1 receptor activation regulates the expression of the estrogen synthesis gene aromatase B in radial glial cells. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:310. [PMID: 26388722 PMCID: PMC4557113 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radial glial cells (RGCs) are abundant stem-like non-neuronal progenitors that are important for adult neurogenesis and brain repair, yet little is known about their regulation by neurotransmitters. Here we provide evidence for neuronal-glial interactions via a novel role for dopamine to stimulate RGC function. Goldfish were chosen as the model organism due to the abundance of RGCs and regenerative abilities of the adult central nervous system. A close anatomical relationship was observed between tyrosine hydroxylase-positive catecholaminergic cell bodies and axons and dopamine-D1 receptor expressing RGCs along the ventricular surface of telencephalon, a site of active neurogenesis. A primary cell culture model was established and immunofluorescence analysis indicates that in vitro RGCs from female goldfish retain their major characteristics in vivo, including expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and brain lipid binding protein. The estrogen synthesis enzyme aromatase B is exclusively found in RGCs, but this is lost as cells differentiate to neurons and other glial types in adult teleost brain. Pharmacological experiments using the cultured RGCs established that specific activation of dopamine D1 receptors up-regulates aromatase B mRNA through a cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent molecular mechanism. These data indicate that dopamine enhances the steroidogenic function of this neuronal progenitor cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xing
- Department of Biology, Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Heather McDonald
- Department of Biology, Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dillon F Da Fonte
- Department of Biology, Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Juan M Gutierrez-Villagomez
- Department of Biology, Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Vance L Trudeau
- Department of Biology, Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
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49
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Chabbi A, Ganesh CB. Evidence for the involvement of dopamine in stress-induced suppression of reproduction in the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:343-56. [PMID: 25712855 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined whether stress-induced suppression of reproduction is mediated through the catecholaminergic neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) in the female cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus. In the first experiment, application of antibody against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; a marker for DA) in brain sections revealed the presence of intensely stained TH immunoreactive cells in the preoptic area (POA) and nucleus preopticus (NPO) during the previtellogenic phase. These cells showed weak immunoreactivity during the vitellogenic and prespawning phases concomitant with darkly stained luteinising hormone (LH) immunoreactive content in the proximal pars distalis (PPD) of the pituitary gland and fully ripened follicles (stage V) in the ovary of control fish. However, in fish exposed to aquacultural stressors, TH secreting cells remained intensely stained in POA and NPO regions during the prespawning phase, indicating increased synthetic and secretory activity, which was reflected by a significantly higher DA content compared to controls. Increased DA activity as a result of stress was associated with a decrease in the LH immunoreactive content in the PPD and an absence of stage V follicles in the ovary. In the second experiment, administration of DA caused effects similar to those in stressed fish, whereas DA receptor antagonist domperidone (DOM) treatment significantly increased the LH content in the PPD and the number of stage V follicles in unstressed fish. On the other hand, treatment of stressed fish with DOM resulted in dark accumulations of LH immunoreactive content in the PPD accompanied by the presence of stage V follicles in the ovary. Taken together, these results suggest an additional pathway for the inhibitory effects of stress through dopaminergic neurones along the reproductive axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chabbi
- Neuroendocrinology Research Lab, Department of Studies in Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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50
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Vaccaro R, Toni M, Casini A, Vivacqua G, Yu S, D'este L, Cioni C. Localization of α-synuclein in teleost central nervous system: immunohistochemical and Western blot evidence by 3D5 monoclonal antibody in the common carp, Cyprinus carpio. J Comp Neurol 2015; 523:1095-124. [PMID: 25488013 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Alpha synuclein (α-syn) is a 140 amino acid vertebrate-specific protein, highly expressed in the human nervous system and abnormally accumulated in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders, known as synucleinopathies. The common occurrence of α-syn aggregates suggested a role for α-syn in these disorders, although its biological activity remains poorly understood. Given the high degree of sequence similarity between vertebrate α-syns, we investigated this proteins in the central nervous system (CNS) of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, with the aim of comparing its anatomical and cellular distribution with that of mammalian α-syn. The distribution of α-syn was analyzed by semiquantitative western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence by a novel monoclonal antibody (3D5) against a fully conserved epitope between carp and human α-syn. The distribution of 3D5 immunoreactivity was also compared with that of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and serotonin (5HT) by double immunolabelings. The results showed that a α-syn-like protein of about 17 kDa is expressed to different levels in several brain regions and in the spinal cord. Immunoreactive materials were localized in neuronal perikarya and varicose fibers but not in the nucleus. The present findings indicate that α-syn-like proteins may be expressed in a few subpopulations of catecholaminergic and serotoninergic neurons in the carp brain. However, evidence of cellular colocalization 3D5/TH or 3D5/5HT was rare. Differently, the same proteins appear to be coexpressed with ChAT by cholinergic neurons in several motor and reticular nuclei. These results sustain the functional conservation of the α-syn expression in cholinergic systems and suggest that α-syn modulates similar molecular pathways in phylogenetically distant vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Vaccaro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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