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González-Tapia D, Vázquez-Hernández N, Urmeneta-Ortiz F, Navidad-Hernandez N, Lazo-Yepez M, Tejeda-Martínez A, Flores-Soto M, González-Burgos I. 3-Acetylpyridine-induced ataxic-like motor impairments are associated with plastic changes in the Purkinje cells of the rat cerebellum. Neurologia 2024; 39:408-416. [PMID: 38830720 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ataxias are characterized by aberrant movement patterns closely related to cerebellar dysfunction. Purkinje cell axons are the sole outputs from the cerebellar cortex, and dysfunctional activity of Purkinje cells has been associated with ataxic movements. However, the synaptic characteristics of Purkinje cells in cases of ataxia are not yet well understood. The nicotinamide antagonist 3-acethylpyridine (3-AP) selectively destroys inferior olivary nucleus neurons so it is widely used to induce cerebellar ataxia. Five days after 3-AP treatment (65mg/kg) in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, motor incoordination was revealed through BBB and Rotarod testing. In addition, in Purkinje cells from lobules V-VII of the cerebellar vermis studied by the Golgi method, the density of dendritic spines decreased, especially the thin and mushroom types. Western blot analysis showed a decrease in AMPA and PSD-95 content with an increase of the α-catenin protein, while GAD-67 and synaptophysin were unchanged. Findings suggest a limited capacity of Purkinje cells to acquire and consolidate afferent excitatory inputs and an aberrant, rigid profile in the movement-related output patterns of Purkinje neurons that likely contributes to the motor-related impairments characteristic of cerebellar ataxias.
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Affiliation(s)
- D González-Tapia
- Centro Universitario de Tlajomulco, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jal., Mexico
| | - N Vázquez-Hernández
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jal., Mexico
| | - F Urmeneta-Ortiz
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jal., Mexico
| | - N Navidad-Hernandez
- Universidad Politécnica de la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara, Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jal., Mexico
| | - M Lazo-Yepez
- Universidad Politécnica de la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara, Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jal., Mexico
| | - A Tejeda-Martínez
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jal., Mexico
| | - M Flores-Soto
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jal., Mexico
| | - I González-Burgos
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jal., Mexico.
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Qiu P, Li D, Xiao C, Xu F, Chen X, Chang Y, Liu L, Zhang L, Zhao Q, Chen Y. The Eph/ephrin system symphony of gut inflammation. Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106976. [PMID: 38032293 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The extent of gut inflammation depends largely on the gut barrier's integrity and enteric neuroimmune interactions. However, the factors and molecular mechanisms that regulate inflammation-related changes in the enteric nervous system (ENS) remain largely unexplored. Eph/ephrin signaling is critical for inflammatory response, neuronal activation, and synaptic plasticity in the brain, but its presence and function in the ENS have been largely unknown to date. This review discusses the critical role of Eph/ephrin in regulating gut homeostasis, inflammation, neuroimmune interactions, and pain pathways. Targeting the Eph/ephrin system offers innovative treatments for gut inflammation disorders, offering hope for enhanced patient prognosis, pain management, and overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peishan Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Daojiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Cong Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ying Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Li N, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Deng Y. An integrated multi-level analysis reveals learning-memory deficits and synaptic dysfunction in the rat model exposure to austere environment. J Proteomics 2023; 279:104887. [PMID: 36966970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Austere environment existing in tank, submarine and vessel has many risk factors including high temperature and humidity, confinement, noise, hypoxia, and high level of carbon dioxide, which may cause depression and cognitive impairment. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood yet. We attempt to investigate the effects of austere environment (AE) on emotion and cognitive function in a rodent model. After 21 days of AE stress, the rats exhibit depressive-like behavior and cognitive impairment. Compared with control group, the glucose metabolic level of the hippocampus is significantly decreased using whole-brain positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and the density of dendritic spines of the hippocampus is remarkably reduced in AE group. Then, we employ a label-free quantitative proteomics strategy to investigate the differentially abundant proteins in rats' hippocampus. It is striking that the differentially abundant proteins annotated by KEGG enrich in oxidative phosphorylation pathway, synaptic vesicle cycle pathway and glutamatergic synapses pathway. The synaptic vesicle transport related proteins (Syntaxin-1A, Synaptogyrin-1 and SV-2) are down-regulated, resulting in the accumulation of intracellular glutamate. Furthermore, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde is increased while the activity of superoxide dismutase and complex I and IV of mitochondria is decreased, indicating that oxidative damage to hippocampal synapses is associated with the cognitive decline. The results of this study offer direct evidence, for the first time, that austere environment can substantially cause learning and memory deficits and synaptic dysfunction in a rodent model via behavioral assessments, PET imaging, label-free proteomics, and oxidative stress tests. SIGNIFICANCE: The incidence of depression and cognitive decline in military occupations (for example, tanker and submariner) is significantly higher than that of global population. In the present study, we first established novel model to simulate the coexisting risk factors in the austere environment. The results of this study offer the direct evidences, for the first time, that the austere environment can substantially cause learning and memory deficits by altering plasticity of the synaptic transmission in a rodent model via proteomic strategy, PET imaging, oxidative stress and behavioral assessments. These findings provide valuable information to better understand the mechanisms of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuomin Li
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanan Gao
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongqian Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yulin Deng
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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Wu S, Fan J, Tang F, Chen L, Zhang X, Xiao D, Li X. The role of RIM in neurotransmitter release: promotion of synaptic vesicle docking, priming, and fusion. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1123561. [PMID: 37179554 PMCID: PMC10169678 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1123561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There are many special sites at the end of a synapse called active zones (AZs). Synaptic vesicles (SVs) fuse with presynaptic membranes at these sites, and this fusion is an important step in neurotransmitter release. The cytomatrix in the active zone (CAZ) is made up of proteins such as the regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein (RIM), RIM-binding proteins (RIM-BPs), ELKS/CAST, Bassoon/Piccolo, Liprin-α, and Munc13-1. RIM is a scaffold protein that interacts with CAZ proteins and presynaptic functional components to affect the docking, priming, and fusion of SVs. RIM is believed to play an important role in regulating the release of neurotransmitters (NTs). In addition, abnormal expression of RIM has been detected in many diseases, such as retinal diseases, Asperger's syndrome (AS), and degenerative scoliosis. Therefore, we believe that studying the molecular structure of RIM and its role in neurotransmitter release will help to clarify the molecular mechanism of neurotransmitter release and identify targets for the diagnosis and treatment of the aforementioned diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wu
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiali Fan
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Fajuan Tang
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongqiong Xiao
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xihong Li
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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Differential dysregulation of CREB and synaptic genes in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster expressing shaggy (GSK3), Tau WT, or Amyloid-beta. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1101-1108. [PMID: 36399243 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tau, Amyloid-beta (Aβ42), and Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) contribute to synaptic dysfunction observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia. In the current study, the effect of pan-neuronal expression of TauWT, Aβ42, or shaggy (orthologue of GSK3) in Drosophila melanogaster was assessed on the locomotor function, ethanol sensitivity, synaptic genes and CREB expression. The effect of TauWT and Aβ42 on the expression of shaggy was also determined. METHODS AND RESULTS Gene expression analysis was performed using quantitative real-time RT-PCR method. While syt1, SNAP25 and CREB (upstream transcription factor of syt1 and SNAP25) were upregulated in flies expressing TauWT or Aβ42, a prominent decline was observed in those genes in shaggy expressing flies. Although all transgenic flies showed climbing disability and higher sensitivity to ethanol, abnormality in these features was significantly more prominent in transgenic flies expressing shaggy compared to TauWT or Aβ42. Despite a significant upregulation of shaggy transcription in TauWT expressing flies, Aβ42 transgenic flies witnessed no significant changes. CONCLUSIONS TauWT, Aβ42, and shaggy may affect synaptic plasticity through dysregulation of synaptic genes and CREB, independently. However shaggy has more detrimental effect on synaptic genes expression, locomotor ability and sensitivity to ethanol. It is important when it comes to drug discovery. It appears that CREB is a direct effector of changes in synaptic genes expression as they showed similar pattern of alteration and it is likely to be a part of compensatory mechanisms independent of the GSK3/CREB pathway in TauWT or Aβ42 expressing flies.
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Sasao M, Uno T, Kitagawa R, Matsui A, Toryu F, Mizoguchi A, Kanamaru K, Sakamoto K, Uno Y. Localization of SNARE proteins in the brain and corpus allatum of Bombyx mori. Histochem Cell Biol 2023; 159:199-208. [PMID: 36129568 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) make up the core machinery that mediates membrane fusion. SNAREs, syntaxin, synaptosome-associated protein (SNAP), and synaptobrevin form a tight SNARE complex that brings the vesicle and plasma membranes together and is essential for membrane fusion. The cDNAs of SNAP-25, VAMP2, and Syntaxin 1A from Bombyx mori were inserted into a plasmid, transformed into Escherichia coli, and purified. We then produced antibodies against the SNAP-25, VAMP2, and Syntaxin 1A of Bombyx mori of rabbits and rats, which were used for immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry results revealed that the expression of VAMP2 was restricted to neurons in the pars intercerebralis (PI), dorsolateral protocerebrum (DL), and central complex (CX) of the brain. SNAP-25 was restricted to neurons in the PI and the CX of the brain. Syntaxin 1A was restricted to neurons in the PI and DL of the brain. VAMP2 co-localized with SNAP-25 in the CX, and with Syntaxin 1A in the PI and DL. VAMP2, SNAP-25, and Syntaxin 1A are present in the CA. Bombyxin-immunohistochemical reactivities (IRs) of brain and CA overlapped with VAMP2-, SNAP-25, and Syntaxin 1A-IRs. VAMP2 and Syntaxin 1A are present in the prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH)-secretory neurons of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mako Sasao
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohide Uno
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Risa Kitagawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Asuka Matsui
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Fumika Toryu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akira Mizoguchi
- Division of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, Nisshin, Aichi, 470-0195, Japan
| | - Kengo Kanamaru
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuichi Uno
- Department of Plant Resource Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
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Wang X, Yu D, Wang H, Lei Z, Zhai Y, Sun M, Chen S, Yin P. Rab3 and synaptotagmin proteins in the regulation of vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release. Life Sci 2022; 309:120995. [PMID: 36167148 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+-triggered neurotransmitter release involves complex regulatory mechanisms, including a series of protein-protein interactions. Three proteins, synaptobrevin (VAMP), synaptosomal-associated protein of 25kDa (SNAP-25) and syntaxin, constitute the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) core complex that plays key roles in controlling vesicle fusion and exocytosis. Many other proteins participate in the regulation of the processes via direct and/or indirect interaction with the SNARE complex. Although much effort has been made, the regulatory mechanism for exocytosis is still not completely clear. Accumulated evidence indicates that the small GTPase Rab3 and synaptotagmin proteins play important regulatory roles during vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release. This review outlines our present understanding of the two regulatory proteins, with the focus on the interaction of Rab3 with synaptotagmin in the regulatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Dianmei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Zhixiang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yiwen Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Minlu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Si Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Panfeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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Bilateral intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin induces AD-like behavioral impairments and neuropathological features in mice: Involved with the fundamental role of neuroinflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113375. [PMID: 35834993 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish an Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model, investigate the behavioral performance changes and intracerebral molecular changes induced by bilateral intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ/I.C.V), and explore the potential pathogenesis of AD. METHODS An AD mouse model was established by STZ/I.C.V. The behavioral performance was observed via the open field test (OFT), novel object recognition test (NOR), and tail suspension test (TST). The mRNA and protein expressions of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the hippocampus were measured via qPCR and Western blot. The expression of β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ1-42), phosphorylated Tau protein (p-Tau (Ser396)), Tau5, β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme (BACE), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Copine6, synaptotagmin-1 (Syt-1), synapsin-1, phosphoinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), serine/threonine kinase (Akt), phosphorylated serine/threonine kinase (p-Akt (Ser473)), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1/2 (TREM1/2) were detected using Western blot, and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1), Aβ1-42, p-Tau(Ser396), Syt-1, BDNF were measured via immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS STZ/I.C.V induced AD-like neuropsychiatric behaviors in mice, as indicated by the impairment of learning and memory, together with the reduced spontaneous movement and exploratory behavior. The expression of BACE, Aβ1-42, p-Tau(Ser396), and TREM2 were significantly increased in the hippocampus of model mice, while the expression of IRS1, BDNF, Copine6, Syt-1, synapsin-1, PI3K, p-Akt(Ser473), and TREM1 were decreased as compared with that of the controls. Furthermore, the model mice presented a hyperactivation of astrocytes and microglia in the hippocampus, accompanied by the increased mRNA and protein expressions of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. CONCLUSION STZ/I.C.V is an effective way to induce AD mice model, with not only AD-like neuropsychiatric behaviors, but also typic AD-like neuropathological features including neurofibrillary tangles, deposit of β-amyloid (Aβ), neuroinflammation, and imbalanced synaptic plasticity.
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Kivisäkk P, Carlyle BC, Sweeney T, Quinn JP, Ramirez CE, Trombetta BA, Mendes M, Brock M, Rubel C, Czerkowicz J, Graham D, Arnold SE. Increased levels of the synaptic proteins PSD-95, SNAP-25, and neurogranin in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:58. [PMID: 35461266 PMCID: PMC9034610 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background There is currently a lack of reliable and easily accessible biomarkers predicting cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Synaptic dysfunction and loss occur early in AD and synaptic loss measured in the brain tissue and by PET are closely linked to cognitive decline, rendering synaptic proteins a promising target for biomarker development. Methods We used novel Simoa assays to measure cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of two synaptic biomarker candidates, postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95/DLG4), and the presynaptically localized synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25), as well as neurogranin (Ng), an established postsynaptic biomarker. CSF samples from two well-characterized cohorts (n=178 and n=156) were selected from banked samples obtained from diagnostic lumbar punctures containing subjects with amyloid-ß (Aß) positive AD, subjects with non-AD neurodegenerative diseases, subjects with other neurological conditions, and healthy controls (HC). Results All subjects had detectable CSF levels of PSD-95, SNAP-25, and Ng. CSF levels of PSD-95, SNAP-25, and Ng were all correlated, with the strongest correlation between the presynaptic SNAP-25 and the postsynaptic neurogranin. AD subjects had on average higher concentrations of all three synaptic markers compared to those with non-AD neurodegenerative diseases, other neurological disorders, and HCs. Increased CSF levels of PSD-95, SNAP-25, and Ng were, however, not specific for AD and were present in sporadic cases with inflammatory or vascular disorders as well. High CSF levels of PSD-95 were also observed in a few subjects with other neurodegenerative disorders. Conclusion The data establishes PSD-95 as a promising CSF marker for neurodegenerative disease synaptic pathology, while SNAP-25 and Ng appear to be somewhat more specific for AD. Together, these synaptic markers hold promise to identify early AD pathology, to correlate with cognitive decline, and to monitor responses to disease-modifying drugs reducing synaptic degeneration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-022-01002-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Kivisäkk
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Room 2300, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
| | - Becky C Carlyle
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Room 2300, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Thadryan Sweeney
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Room 2300, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - James P Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Room 2300, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Christopher E Ramirez
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Room 2300, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Bianca A Trombetta
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Room 2300, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | | | - Mary Brock
- Quanterix Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Steven E Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Room 2300, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
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Hong GL, Tang YH, Li WW, Cao KQ, Tan JP, Hu LF, Chen LW, Zhao GJ, Lu ZQ. Vesicle transport related protein Synaptotagmin-1 mediates paraquat transport to antagonize paraquat toxicity. Toxicology 2022; 472:153180. [PMID: 35430322 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, A549/PQ cells with moderate resistance to paraquat (PQ) were obtained by treating A549 cells with PQ, their growth rate was slowed down, the accumulation concentration of PQ and the levels of growth inhibition, injury and early apoptosis induced by PQ were significantly lower than those of parental A549 cells. Microarray screening and RT-qPCR detection found that Synaptotagmin-1 (SYT1) expression in drug-resistant cells was significantly increased, and PQ further enhanced its expression. After inhibiting SYT1 expression in A549/PQ cells, cell viability, intracellular PQ concentration and the expression of Bcl-2, SNAP25 and RAB26 were significantly reduced, while the mortality, early apoptosis rate and Bax expression were significantly increased. In vivo experiments also further showed that PQ promoted the expression of SYT1, SNAP25 and RAB26 in PQ-poisoned mice; when inhibiting SYT1 expression, PQ concentration in lung tissues was significantly increased, and the levels of lung injury and apoptosis were also significantly enhanced, while the expression of SNAP25 and RAB26 was significantly reduced. This indicates that PQ poisoning leads to compensatory up-regulation of vesicle transport related proteins such as SYT1 in vivo, thereby promoting PQ transmembrane transport, and then reducing the pulmonary accumulation of PQ and PQ-caused lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Liang Hong
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of emergency and disaster medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ya-Hui Tang
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of emergency and disaster medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Wen-Wen Li
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of emergency and disaster medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Kai-Qiang Cao
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of emergency and disaster medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jia-Ping Tan
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of emergency and disaster medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lu-Feng Hu
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of emergency and disaster medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Long-Wang Chen
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of emergency and disaster medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Guang-Ju Zhao
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of emergency and disaster medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Lu
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of emergency and disaster medicine, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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11
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González-Tapia D, Vázquez-Hernández N, Urmeneta-Ortiz F, Navidad-Hernandez N, Lazo-Yepez M, Tejeda-Martínez A, Flores-Soto M, González-Burgos I. 3-Acetylpyridine-induced ataxic-like motor impairments are associated with plastic changes in the Purkinje cells of the rat cerebellum. Neurologia 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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12
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SNARE Proteins Mediate α-Synuclein Secretion via Multiple Vesicular Pathways. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:405-419. [PMID: 34705229 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The cell-to-cell transmission of pathological α-synuclein (α-syn) has been proposed to be a critical event in the development of synucleinopathies. Recent studies have begun to reveal the underlying molecular mechanism of α-syn propagation. As one of the central steps, α-syn secretion is reported to be Ca2+-dependent and mediated by unconventional exocytosis. However, the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE) requirement and vesicle identity of α-syn secretion remain elusive. Here we found that α-syn secretion is SNARE-dependent by systematically knocking down Q-SNAREs and R-SNAREs in exocytosis pathways. α-Syn secretion was mainly mediated by syntaxin 4 (STX4) and synaptosomal-associated protein 23 (SNAP23), but did not require STX1 and SNAP25, in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. On the other hand, vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3), VAMP7, and VAMP8 were all involved in α-syn secretion, most likely in overlapping pathways. Application of super-resolution microscopy revealed localization of both endogenous and overexpressed α-syn in endosomes, lysosomes, and autophagosomes in rat primary cortical neurons. α-Syn co-localized with microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) most extensively, suggesting its tight association with the autophagy pathway. Consistently, α-syn secretion was regulated by the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Collectively, our data suggest that α-syn secretion is SNARE-dependent and is mediated by multiple vesicular pathways including exocytosis of recycling endosomes, multivesicular bodies, autophagosomes, and lysosomes.
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13
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Niño SA, Vázquez-Hernández N, Arevalo-Villalobos J, Chi-Ahumada E, Martín-Amaya-Barajas FL, Díaz-Cintra S, Martel-Gallegos G, González-Burgos I, Jiménez-Capdeville ME. Cortical Synaptic Reorganization Under Chronic Arsenic Exposure. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1970-1980. [PMID: 34533753 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is solid epidemiological evidence that arsenic exposure leads to cognitive impairment, while experimental work supports the hypothesis that it also contributes to neurodegeneration. Energy deficit, oxidative stress, demyelination, and defective neurotransmission are demonstrated arsenic effects, but it remains unclear whether synaptic structure is also affected. Employing both a triple-transgenic Alzheimer's disease model and Wistar rats, the cortical microstructure and synapses were analyzed under chronic arsenic exposure. Male animals were studied at 2 and 4 months of age, after exposure to 3 ppm sodium arsenite in drinking water during gestation, lactation, and postnatal development. Through nuclear magnetic resonance, diffusion-weighted images were acquired and anisotropy (integrity; FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (dispersion degree; ADC) metrics were derived. Postsynaptic density protein and synaptophysin were analyzed by means of immunoblot and immunohistochemistry, while dendritic spine density and morphology of cortical pyramidal neurons were quantified after Golgi staining. A structural reorganization of the cortex was evidenced through high-ADC and low-FA values in the exposed group. Similar changes in synaptic protein levels in the 2 models suggest a decreased synaptic connectivity at 4 months of age. An abnormal dendritic arborization was observed at 4 months of age, after increased spine density at 2 months. These findings demonstrate alterations of cortical synaptic connectivity and microstructure associated to arsenic exposure appearing in young rodents and adults, and these subtle and non-adaptive plastic changes in dendritic spines and in synaptic markers may further progress to the degeneration observed at older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Niño
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Nallely Vázquez-Hernández
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS. Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jaime Arevalo-Villalobos
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Soledad de Graciano Sánchez, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Erika Chi-Ahumada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | | | - Sofía Díaz-Cintra
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Martel-Gallegos
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Media, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Rio Verde, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Ignacio González-Burgos
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS. Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - María E Jiménez-Capdeville
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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14
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van Karnebeek CD, Blydt-Hansen I, Matthews AM, Avramovic V, Price M, Drogemoller B, Shyr C, Lee J, Mwenifumbo J, Ghani A, Stockler S, Friedman JM, Lehman A, Ross CJ, Wasserman WW, Tarailo-Graovac M, Horvath GA. Secondary biogenic amine deficiencies: genetic etiology, therapeutic interventions, and clinical effects. Neurogenetics 2021; 22:251-262. [PMID: 34213677 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-021-00652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine neurotransmitter disorders present predominantly with neurologic features, including dystonic or dyskinetic cerebral palsy and movement disorders. Genetic conditions that lead to secondary defects in the synthesis, catabolism, transport, and metabolism of biogenic amines can lead to neurotransmitter abnormalities, which can present with similar features. Eleven patients with secondary neurotransmitter abnormalities were enrolled between 2011 and 2015. All patients underwent research-based whole exome and/or whole genome sequencing (WES/WGS). A trial of treatment with levodopa/carbidopa and 5-hydroxytryptophan was initiated. In six families with abnormal neurotransmitter profiles and neurological phenotypes, variants in known disease-causing genes (KCNJ6, SCN2A, CSTB in 2 siblings, NRNX1, KIF1A and PAK3) were identified, while one patient had a variant of uncertain significance in a candidate gene (DLG4) that may explain her phenotype. In 3 patients, no compelling candidate genes were identified. A trial of neurotransmitter replacement therapy led to improvement in motor and behavioral symptoms in all but two patients. The patient with KCNJ6 variant did not respond to L-dopa therapy, but rather experienced increased dyskinetic movements even at low dose of medication. The patient's symptoms harboring the NRNX1 deletion remained unaltered. This study demonstrates the utility of genome-wide sequencing in further understanding the etiology and pathophysiology of neurometabolic conditions, and the potential of secondary neurotransmitter deficiencies to serve as novel therapeutic targets. As there was a largely favorable response to therapy in our case series, a careful trial of neurotransmitter replacement therapy should be considered in patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monoamines below reference range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara D van Karnebeek
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,United for Metabolic Diseases', Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Allison M Matthews
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vladimir Avramovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Magda Price
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Casper Shyr
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jessica Lee
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jill Mwenifumbo
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aisha Ghani
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sylvia Stockler
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jan M Friedman
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna Lehman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Adult Metabolic Diseases Clinic, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Colin J Ross
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wyeth W Wasserman
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maja Tarailo-Graovac
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Gabriella A Horvath
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Adult Metabolic Diseases Clinic, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada. .,Biochemical Genetics, BC Children's Hospital, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada.
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15
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Butt OH, Long JM, Henson RL, Herries E, Sutphen CL, Fagan AM, Cruchaga C, Ladenson JH, Holtzman DM, Morris JC, Ances BM, Schindler SE. Cognitively normal APOE ε4 carriers have specific elevation of CSF SNAP-25. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 102:64-72. [PMID: 33765432 PMCID: PMC8793109 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) and neurogranin (Ng) are recently described biomarkers for pre- and postsynaptic integrity known to be elevated in symptomatic Alzheimer disease (AD). Their relationship with Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carrier status, the major genetic risk factor for AD, remains unclear. In this study, CSF SNAP-25 and Ng were compared in cognitively normal APOE ε4 carriers and noncarriers (n = 274, mean age 65 ± 9.0 years, 39% APOE ε4 carriers, 58% female). CSF SNAP-25, not CSF Ng, was specifically elevated in APOE ε4 carriers versus noncarriers (5.95 ± 1.72 pg/mL, 4.44 ± 1.40 pg/mL, p < 0.0001), even after adjusting for age, sex, years of education, and amyloid status (p < 0.0001). CSF total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated-tau-181 (ptau181), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) also did not vary by APOE ε4 status. Our findings suggest APOE ε4 carriers have amyloid-related and amyloid-independent presynaptic disruption as reflected by elevated CSF SNAP-25 levels. In contrast, postsynaptic disruption as reflected by elevations in CSF neurogranin is related to amyloid status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar H Butt
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Justin M Long
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel L Henson
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth Herries
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Courtney L Sutphen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jack H Ladenson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Beau M Ances
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Suzanne E Schindler
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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16
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Fareed M, Sharma V, Singh I, Rehman SU, Singh G, Afzal M. Whole-Exome Sequencing Reveals a Rare Variant of OTOF Gene Causing Congenital Non-syndromic Hearing Loss Among Large Muslim Families Favoring Consanguinity. Front Genet 2021; 12:641925. [PMID: 34113375 PMCID: PMC8185570 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.641925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) is one of the most frequent auditory deficits in humans characterized by high clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Very few studies have reported the relationship between OTOF (Locus: DFNB9) and hereditary hearing loss in India. We aimed to decipher the genetic cause of prelingual NSHL in a large affected Muslim consanguineous families using whole-exome sequencing (WES). The study was performed following the guidelines and regulations of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi. The population was identified from Jammu and Kashmir, the Northernmost part of India. Near about 100 individuals were born deaf-mute in the village of 3,000 inhabitants. A total of 103 individuals (with 52 cases and 51 controls) agreed to participate in this study. Our study revealed a rare non-sense homozygous mutation NC_000002.11:g.2:26702224G>A; NM_001287489.2:c.2122C>T; NP_001274418.1:p.(Arg708∗) in the 18th exon of the OTOF gene. Our study provides the first insight into this homozygous condition, which has not been previously reported in ExAC, 1,000 Genome and genomAD databases. Furthermore, the variant was confirmed in the population cohort (n = 103) using Sanger sequencing. In addition to the pathogenic OTOF variant, the WES data also revealed novel and recurrent mutations in CDH23, GJB2, MYO15A, OTOG, and SLC26A4 genes. The rare pathogenic and the novel variants observed in this study have been submitted to the ClinVar database and are publicly available online with the accessions SCV001448680.1, SCV001448682.1 and SCV001448681.1. We conclude that OTOF-related NSHL hearing loss is prevalent in the region due to successive inbreeding in its generations. We recommend premarital genetic testing and genetic counseling strategies to minimize and control the disease risk in future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fareed
- PK-PD Formulation and Toxicology Division, CSIR Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Varun Sharma
- Ancient DNA Laboratory, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sayeed Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Gurdarshan Singh
- PK-PD Formulation and Toxicology Division, CSIR Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Human Genetics and Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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17
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Du X, Shi Q, Zhao Y, Xie Y, Li X, Liu Q, Iqbal J, Zhang H, Liu X, Shen L. Se-Methylselenocysteine (SMC) Improves Cognitive Deficits by Attenuating Synaptic and Metabolic Abnormalities in Alzheimer's Mice Model: A Proteomic Study. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1112-1132. [PMID: 33689275 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Se-methylselenocysteine (SMC) is a major selenocompound in selenium (Se) enriched plants and has been found to ameliorate neuropathology and cognitive deficits in triple-transgenic mice model of Alzheimer's disease (3 × Tg-AD mice). To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, the present study is designed to elucidate the protein changes in the cortex of SMC-treated 3 × Tg-AD mice. After SMC supplementation, proteomic analysis revealed that 181, 271, and 41 proteins were identified as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between 3 × Tg-AD mice vs wild type (AD/WT group), SMC-treated AD mice vs AD (AD + SMC/AD), and AD + SMC/WT group, respectively. Among these, 138 proteins in the diseased group were reversed by SMC treatment. The DEPs in AD/WT group and AD + SMC/AD group were mainly related to metabolism, synapses, and antioxidant proteins, while their levels were decreased in AD mice but up-regulated after treating with SMC. In addition, we found reduced ATP levels and destroyed synaptic structures in the AD mice brains, which were significantly ameliorated upon SMC treatment. Our study suggests that energy metabolism disorders, abnormal amino acid metabolism, synaptic dysfunction, and oxidative stress may be the key pathogenic phenomena of AD. SMC reversed the expression of proteins associated with them, which might be the main mechanism of its intervention in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiubo Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Shi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yongli Xie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xuexia Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Huajie Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Xukun Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Liming Shen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
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18
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The Phosphoprotein Synapsin Ia Regulates the Kinetics of Dense-Core Vesicle Release. J Neurosci 2021; 41:2828-2841. [PMID: 33632727 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2593-19.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Common fusion machinery mediates the Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of synaptic vesicles (SVs) and dense-core vesicles (DCVs). Previously, Synapsin Ia (Syn Ia) was found to localize to SVs, essential for mobilizing SVs to the plasma membrane through phosphorylation. However, whether (or how) the phosphoprotein Syn Ia plays a role in regulating DCV exocytosis remains unknown. To answer these questions, we measured the dynamics of DCV exocytosis by using single-vesicle amperometry in PC12 cells (derived from the pheochromocytoma of rats of unknown sex) overexpressing wild-type or phosphodeficient Syn Ia. We found that overexpression of phosphodeficient Syn Ia decreased the DCV secretion rate, specifically via residues previously shown to undergo calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK)-mediated phosphorylation (S9, S566, and S603). Moreover, the fusion pore kinetics during DCV exocytosis were found to be differentially regulated by Syn Ia and two phosphodeficient Syn Ia mutants (Syn Ia-S62A and Syn Ia-S9,566,603A). Kinetic analysis suggested that Syn Ia may regulate the closure and dilation of DCV fusion pores via these sites, implying the potential interactions of Syn Ia with certain DCV proteins involved in the regulation of fusion pore dynamics. Furthermore, we predicted the interaction of Syn Ia with several DCV proteins, including Synaptophysin (Syp) and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment receptor (SNARE) proteins. By immunoprecipitation, we found that Syn Ia interacted with Syp via phosphorylation. Moreover, a proximity ligation assay (PLA) confirmed their phosphorylation-dependent, in situ interaction on DCVs. Together, these findings reveal a phosphorylation-mediated regulation of DCV exocytosis by Syn Ia.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although they exhibit distinct exocytosis dynamics upon stimulation, synaptic vesicles (SVs) and dense-core vesicles (DCVs) may undergo co-release in neurons and neuroendocrine cells through an undefined molecular mechanism. Synapsin Ia (Syn Ia) is known to recruit SVs to the plasma membrane via phosphorylation. Here, we examined whether Syn Ia also affects the dynamics of DCV exocytosis. We showed that Syn Ia regulates the DCV secretion rate and fusion pore kinetics during DCV exocytosis. Moreover, Syn Ia-mediated regulation of DCV exocytosis depends on phosphorylation. We further found that Syn Ia interacts with Synaptophysin (Syp) on DCVs in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Thus, these results suggest that Syn Ia may regulate the release of DCVs via phosphorylation.
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19
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Krishnamurthy K, Pasinelli P. Synaptic dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia: Therapeutic strategies and novel biomarkers. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:1499-1503. [PMID: 33729613 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Krishnamurthy
- Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Piera Pasinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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20
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Martínez-Torres N, González-Tapia D, Flores-Soto M, Vázquez-Hernández N, Salgado-Ceballos H, González-Burgos I. Spinogenesis in spinal cord motor neurons following pharmacological lesions to the rat motor cortex. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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21
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Ding Y, Zhong J, Wang Y, Xie W. Proteomic and microRNA-omic profiles and potential mechanisms of dysfunction in pancreatic islet cells primed by inflammation. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:122. [PMID: 33335585 PMCID: PMC7739849 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is an inflammatory disease that induces pancreatic islet dysfunction. However, to the best of our knowledge, the potential underlying molecular mechanisms of this inflammatory process remains unknown. The present study investigated microRNA (miRNA/miR) and protein expression profiles through proteomics and miRNA-omics. Lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage cell medium (LRM) was used to stimulate inflammation in mouse Beta-TC-6 islet cells. Protein analysis revealed that 87 proteins were upregulated and 42 proteins were downregulated in LRM-treated Beta-TC-6 cells compared with control cells. Additionally, miRNA analysis revealed that 11 miRNAs were upregulated, while 28 miRNAs were downregulated in LRM-treated Beta-TC-6 cells compared with control cells. Islet cells exposed to inflammation exhibited markedly downregulated protein levels of transcription factor MafA, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1, paired box 6, homeobox protein Nkx-2.2, synaptosomal-associated protein 25, glucagon and insulin-2, while the expression of miR-146a-5p and miR-21a-5p were upregulated. It was also determined that upregulated miR-146a-5p and miR-21a-5p levels may be mediated by NF-κB activation. The downregulation of islet functional factor mRNA was partially reversed by treating islet cells with an inhibitor of miR-21a-5p. However, treatment with an miR-146a-5p inhibitor did not exert the same effect. Overall, the present study determined the molecular profiles of islet cell inflammation based on proteomics and miRNA-omics, and indicated that the proteins and miRNAs with altered expressions may form a large network that serves a role in islet dysfunction. Particularly, miR-21a-5p upregulation in response to inflammation may contribute to islet cell dysfunction. However, how these miRNAs regulated the expression of certain mRNAs and proteins in islet cell inflammation requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipei Ding
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China.,Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China.,Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Xie
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China.,Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
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22
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Bertolero MA, Bassett DS. On the Nature of Explanations Offered by Network Science: A Perspective From and for Practicing Neuroscientists. Top Cogn Sci 2020; 12:1272-1293. [PMID: 32441854 PMCID: PMC7687232 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Network neuroscience represents the brain as a collection of regions and inter-regional connections. Given its ability to formalize systems-level models, network neuroscience has generated unique explanations of neural function and behavior. The mechanistic status of these explanations and how they can contribute to and fit within the field of neuroscience as a whole has received careful treatment from philosophers. However, these philosophical contributions have not yet reached many neuroscientists. Here we complement formal philosophical efforts by providing an applied perspective from and for neuroscientists. We discuss the mechanistic status of the explanations offered by network neuroscience and how they contribute to, enhance, and interdigitate with other types of explanations in neuroscience. In doing so, we rely on philosophical work concerning the role of causality, scale, and mechanisms in scientific explanations. In particular, we make the distinction between an explanation and the evidence supporting that explanation, and we argue for a scale-free nature of mechanistic explanations. In the course of these discussions, we hope to provide a useful applied framework in which network neuroscience explanations can be exercised across scales and combined with other fields of neuroscience to gain deeper insights into the brain and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell A Bertolero
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Santa Fe Institute
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23
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Sun W, Tian BX, Wang SH, Liu PJ, Wang YC. The function of SEC22B and its role in human diseases. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2020; 77:303-312. [PMID: 32748571 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins are a large protein complex that is involved in the membrane fusion in vesicle trafficking, cell growth, cytokinesis, membrane repair, and synaptic transmission. As one of the SNARE proteins, SEC22B functions in membrane fusion of vesicle trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus, antigen cross-presentation, secretory autophagy, and other biological processes. However, apart from not being SNARE proteins, there is little knowledge known about its two homologs (SEC22A and SEC22C). SEC22B alterations have been reported in many human diseases, especially, many mutations of SEC22B in human cancers have been detected. In this review, we will introduce the specific functions of SEC22B, and summarize the researches about SEC22B in human cancers and other diseases. These findings have laid the foundation for further studies to clarify the exact mechanism of SEC22B in the pathological process and to seek new therapeutic targets and better treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bi-Xia Tian
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shu-Hong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei-Jun Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yao-Chun Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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24
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Systems biology reveals reprogramming of the S-nitroso-proteome in the cortical and striatal regions of mice during aging process. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13913. [PMID: 32807865 PMCID: PMC7431412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70383-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell aging depends on the rate of cumulative oxidative and nitrosative damage to DNA and proteins. Accumulated data indicate the involvement of protein S-nitrosylation (SNO), the nitric oxide (NO)-mediated posttranslational modification (PTM) of cysteine thiols, in different brain disorders. However, the changes and involvement of SNO in aging including the development of the organism from juvenile to adult state is still unknown. In this study, using the state-of-the-art mass spectrometry technology to identify S-nitrosylated proteins combined with large-scale computational biology, we tested the S-nitroso-proteome in juvenile and adult mice in both cortical and striatal regions. We found reprogramming of the S-nitroso-proteome in adult mice of both cortex and striatum regions. Significant biological processes and protein–protein clusters associated with synaptic and neuronal terms were enriched in adult mice. Extensive quantitative analysis revealed a large set of potentially pathological proteins that were significantly upregulated in adult mice. Our approach, combined with large scale computational biology allowed us to perform a system-level characterization and identification of the key proteins and biological processes that can serve as drug targets for aging and brain disorders in future studies.
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25
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Zhang Y, Cao H, Qiu X, Xu D, Chen Y, Barnes GN, Tu Y, Gyabaah AT, Gharbal AHAA, Peng C, Cai J, Cai X. Neuroprotective Effects of Adenosine A1 Receptor Signaling on Cognitive Impairment Induced by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia in Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:202. [PMID: 32733207 PMCID: PMC7363980 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a breathing disorder associated with cognitive impairment. However, the mechanisms leading to cognitive deficits in OSAHS remain uncertain. In this study, a mouse model of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) exposures were applied for simulating the deoxygenation-reoxygenation events occurring in OSAHS. The conventional adenosine A1 receptor gene (A1R) knockout mice and the A1R agonist CCPA- or antagonist DPCPX-administrated mice were utilized to determine the precise function of A1R signaling in the process of OSAHS-relevant cognitive impairment. We demonstrated that CIH induced morphological changes and apoptosis in hippocampal neurons. Further, CIH blunted hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and resulted in learning/memory impairment. Disruption of adenosine A1R exacerbated morphological, cellular, and functional damage induced by CIH. In contrast, activation of adenosine A1R signaling reduced morphological changes and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, promoted LTP, and enhanced learning and memory. A1Rs may up-regulate protein kinase C (PKC) and its subtype PKC-ζ through the activation of Gα(i) improve spatial learning and memory disorder induced by CIH in mice. Taken together, A1R signaling plays a neuroprotective role in CIH-induced cognitive dysfunction and pathological changes in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongchao Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Ningbo No. 2 Hospital), Ningbo, China
| | - Xuehao Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Danfen Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gregory N Barnes
- Department of Neurology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Yunjia Tu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Adwoa Takyiwaa Gyabaah
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Chenlei Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Ningbo No. 2 Hospital), Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Xiaohong Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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26
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Torres M, Rosselló CA, Fernández-García P, Lladó V, Kakhlon O, Escribá PV. The Implications for Cells of the Lipid Switches Driven by Protein-Membrane Interactions and the Development of Membrane Lipid Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072322. [PMID: 32230887 PMCID: PMC7177374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell membrane contains a variety of receptors that interact with signaling molecules. However, agonist-receptor interactions not always activate a signaling cascade. Amphitropic membrane proteins are required for signal propagation upon ligand-induced receptor activation. These proteins localize to the plasma membrane or internal compartments; however, they are only activated by ligand-receptor complexes when both come into physical contact in membranes. These interactions enable signal propagation. Thus, signals may not propagate into the cell if peripheral proteins do not co-localize with receptors even in the presence of messengers. As the translocation of an amphitropic protein greatly depends on the membrane's lipid composition, regulation of the lipid bilayer emerges as a novel therapeutic strategy. Some of the signals controlled by proteins non-permanently bound to membranes produce dramatic changes in the cell's physiology. Indeed, changes in membrane lipids induce translocation of dozens of peripheral signaling proteins from or to the plasma membrane, which controls how cells behave. We called these changes "lipid switches", as they alter the cell's status (e.g., proliferation, differentiation, death, etc.) in response to the modulation of membrane lipids. Indeed, this discovery enables therapeutic interventions that modify the bilayer's lipids, an approach known as membrane-lipid therapy (MLT) or melitherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Torres
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Spain; (M.T.); (C.A.R.); (P.F.-G.); (V.L.)
- Department of R&D, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL. ParcBit, Ed. Naorte B, E-07121 Palma, Spain
| | - Catalina Ana Rosselló
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Spain; (M.T.); (C.A.R.); (P.F.-G.); (V.L.)
- Department of R&D, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL. ParcBit, Ed. Naorte B, E-07121 Palma, Spain
| | - Paula Fernández-García
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Spain; (M.T.); (C.A.R.); (P.F.-G.); (V.L.)
- Department of R&D, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL. ParcBit, Ed. Naorte B, E-07121 Palma, Spain
| | - Victoria Lladó
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Spain; (M.T.); (C.A.R.); (P.F.-G.); (V.L.)
- Department of R&D, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL. ParcBit, Ed. Naorte B, E-07121 Palma, Spain
| | - Or Kakhlon
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel;
| | - Pablo Vicente Escribá
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Spain; (M.T.); (C.A.R.); (P.F.-G.); (V.L.)
- Correspondence:
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27
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He Z, Han S, Zhu H, Hu X, Li X, Hou C, Wu C, Xie Q, Li N, Du X, Ni J, Liu Q. The Protective Effect of Vanadium on Cognitive Impairment and the Neuropathology of Alzheimer's Disease in APPSwe/PS1dE9 Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:21. [PMID: 32210760 PMCID: PMC7077345 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a widely distributed neurodegenerative disease characterized clinically by cognitive deficits and pathologically by formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. Vanadium is a biological trace element that has a function to mimic insulin for diabetes. Bis(ethylmaltolato) oxidovanadium (IV) (BEOV) has been reported to have a hypoglycemic property, but its effect on AD remains unclear. In this study, BEOV was supplemented at doses of 0.2 and 1.0 mmol/L to the AD model mice APPSwe/PS1dE9 for 3 months. The results showed that BEOV substantially ameliorated glucose metabolic disorder as well as synaptic and behavioral deficits of the AD mice. Further investigation revealed that BEOV significantly reduced Aβ generation by increasing the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and insulin-degrading enzyme and by decreasing β-secretase 1 in the hippocampus and cortex of AD mice. BEOV also reduced tau hyperphosphorylation by inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B and regulating the pathway of insulin receptor/insulin receptor substrate-1/protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta. Furthermore, BEOV could enhance autophagolysosomal fusion and restore autophagic flux to increase the clearance of Aβ deposits and phosphorylated tau in the brains of AD mice. Collectively, the present study provides solid data for revealing the function and mechanism of BEOV on AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,College of Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuangxue Han
- College of Life Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huazhang Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xia Hu
- College of Life Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chaofan Hou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chong Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingguo Xie
- College of Life Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiubo Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiazuan Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,College of Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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28
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De Pasquale V, Costanzo M, Siciliano RA, Mazzeo MF, Pistorio V, Bianchi L, Marchese E, Ruoppolo M, Pavone LM, Caterino M. Proteomic Analysis of Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB Mouse Brain. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030355. [PMID: 32111039 PMCID: PMC7175334 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB (MPS IIIB) is an inherited metabolic disease due to deficiency of α-N-Acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU) enzyme with subsequent storage of undegraded heparan sulfate (HS). The main clinical manifestations of the disease are profound intellectual disability and neurodegeneration. A label-free quantitative proteomic approach was applied to compare the proteome profile of brains from MPS IIIB and control mice to identify altered neuropathological pathways of MPS IIIB. Proteins were identified through a bottom up analysis and 130 were significantly under-represented and 74 over-represented in MPS IIIB mouse brains compared to wild type (WT). Multiple bioinformatic analyses allowed to identify three major clusters of the differentially abundant proteins: proteins involved in cytoskeletal regulation, synaptic vesicle trafficking, and energy metabolism. The proteome profile of NAGLU-/- mouse brain could pave the way for further studies aimed at identifying novel therapeutic targets for the MPS IIIB. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD017363.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Pasquale
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.P.); (M.C.); (V.P.); (M.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Michele Costanzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.P.); (M.C.); (V.P.); (M.R.); (M.C.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl, 80145 Naples, Italy;
| | | | | | - Valeria Pistorio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.P.); (M.C.); (V.P.); (M.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Emanuela Marchese
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl, 80145 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Mental Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.P.); (M.C.); (V.P.); (M.R.); (M.C.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl, 80145 Naples, Italy;
| | - Luigi Michele Pavone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.P.); (M.C.); (V.P.); (M.R.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7463043
| | - Marianna Caterino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.P.); (M.C.); (V.P.); (M.R.); (M.C.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl, 80145 Naples, Italy;
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29
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Häggman Henrikson J, Pombo Antunes AR, Wieloch T, Ruscher K. Enhanced functional recovery by levodopa is associated with decreased levels of synaptogyrin following stroke in aged mice. Brain Res Bull 2019; 155:61-66. [PMID: 31805305 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Levodopa is a precursor to dopamine that has been shown to improve functional recovery following stroke partly achieved through mechanisms of brain plasticity. This study investigates if dopamine might affect plasticity by having a direct effect on synaptic plasticity through alterations in neurotransmitter release and re-uptake. Synaptogyrin is a synaptic vesicle protein that has been suggested to be involved in dopamine re-uptake in the synaptic terminal. Therefore, we investigated if levodopa has an effect on the expression of synaptogyrin 1. Thy1-YFP mice were subjected to photothrombosis as an experimental model of stroke. Starting two days after surgery they were treated with either levodopa or a vehicle solution (saline) on a daily basis until day seven following surgery. On day seven they were sacrificed and their brains stained for Dopamine 1 receptor (D1R), Dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) and Parvalbumin (PV). Neu-N stainings were used to estimate infarct size. A second group of mice were subjected to photothrombosis and also treated with either levodopa or a vehicle solution in the same manner as previously mentioned. On day seven they were then sacrificed, and samples of brain tissue were taken for protein determination. Western blots were carried out to investigate possible differences in synaptogyrin expression between the two groups. Immunofluorescent stains showed the presence of dopamine receptors on the YFP-positive neurons and on PV-expressing neurones. Our Western Blot analysis showed a significant decrease in the expression of synaptogyrin in levodopa-treated mice. Our stains showed co-localisation with Thy-1 neurones and PV-expressing neurones for both D1 and D2 receptors. This indicates that dopamine has the ability to bind to, and directly influence cortical neurons, as well as inhibitory interneurons. We discovered a considerable decrease in synaptogyrin expression through levodopa treatment, suggesting that this might be a mechanism for regulating brain plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Häggman Henrikson
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A13, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ana Rita Pombo Antunes
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A13, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tadeusz Wieloch
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A13, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A13, 22184, Lund, Sweden; LUBIN Lab - Lunds Laboratorium för Neurokirurgisk Hjärnskadeforskning, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden.
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30
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Effect of α-asarone on ethanol-induced learning and memory impairment in mice and its underlying mechanism. Life Sci 2019; 238:116898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhang L, Wang R, Bai T, Xiang X, Qian W, Song J, Hou X. EphrinB2/ephB2-mediated myenteric synaptic plasticity: mechanisms underlying the persistent muscle hypercontractility and pain in postinfectious IBS. FASEB J 2019; 33:13644-13659. [PMID: 31601124 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901192r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) show pain hypersensitivity and smooth muscle hypercontractility in response to colorectal distension (CRD). Synaptic plasticity, a key process of memory formation, in the enteric nervous system may be a novel explanation. This study aimed to explore the regulatory role of ephrinB2/ephB2 in enteric synaptic plasticity and colonic hyperreactive motility in IBS. Postinfectious (PI)-IBS was induced by Trichinella spiralis infection in rats. Isometric contractions of colonic circular muscle strips, particularly neural-mediated contractions, were recorded ex vivo. Meanwhile, ephrinB2/ephB2-mediated enteric structural and functional synaptic plasticity were assessed in the colonic muscularis, indicating that ephrinB2 and ephB2 were located on enteric nerves and up-regulated in the colonic muscularis of PI-IBS rats. Colonic hypersensitivity to CRD and neural-mediated colonic hypercontractility were present in PI-IBS rats, which were correlated with increased levels of cellular homologous fos protein (c-fos) and activity-regulated cystoskeleton-associated protein (arc), the synaptic plasticity-related immediate early genes, and were ameliorated by ephB2Fc (an ephB2 receptor blocker) or MK801 (an NMDA receptor inhibitor) exposure. EphrinB2/ephB2 facilitated synaptic sprouting and NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic potentiation in the colonic muscularis of PI-IBS rats and in the longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus cultures, involving the Erk-MAPK and PI3K-protein kinase B pathways. In conclusion, ephrinB2/ephB2 promoted the synaptic sprouting and potentiation of myenteric nerves involved in persistent muscle hypercontractility and pain in PI-IBS. Hence, ephrinB2/ephB2 may be an emerging target for the treatment of IBS.-Zhang, L., Wang, R., Bai, T., Xiang, X., Qian, W., Song, J., Hou, X. EphrinB2/ephB2-mediated myenteric synaptic plasticity: mechanisms underlying the persistent muscle hypercontractility and pain in postinfectious IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiyun Wang
- Department of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuelian Xiang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Li HL, Zaghloul N, Ahmed I, Omelchenko A, Firestein BL, Huang H, Collins L. Caffeine inhibits hypoxia-induced nuclear accumulation in HIF-1α and promotes neonatal neuronal survival. Exp Neurol 2019; 317:66-77. [PMID: 30822423 PMCID: PMC6935249 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Apnea of prematurity (AOP) defined as cessation of breathing for 15-20 s, is commonly seen in preterm infants. Caffeine is widely used to treat AOP due to its safety and effectiveness. Caffeine releases respiratory arrest by competing with adenosine for binding to adenosine A1 and A2A receptors (A1R and A2AR). Long before its use in treating AOP, caffeine has been used as a psychostimulant in adult brains. However, the effect of caffeine on developing brains remains unclear. We found that A1R proteins for caffeine binding were expressed in the brains of neonatal rodents and preterm infants (26-27 weeks). Neonatal A1R proteins colocalized with PSD-95, suggesting its synaptic localization. In contrast, our finding on A2R expression in neonatal neurons was restricted to the mRNA level as detected by single cell RT/PCR due to the lack of specific A2AR antibody. Furthermore, caffeine (200 μM) at a dose twice higher than the clinically relevant dose (36-130 μM) had minor or no effects on several basic neuronal functions, such as neurite outgrowth, synapse formation, expression of A1R and transcription of CREB-1 and c-Fos, further supporting the safety of caffeine for clinical use. We found that treatment with CoCl2 (125 μM), a hypoxia mimetic agent, for 24 h triggered neuronal death and nuclear accumulation of HIF-1α in primary neuronal cultures. Subsequent treatment with caffeine at a concentration of 100 μM alleviated CoCl2-induced cell death and prevented nuclear accumulation of HIF-1α. Consistently, caffeine treatment in early postnatal life of neonatal mice (P4-P7) also prevented subsequent hypoxia-induced nuclear increase of HIF-1α. Together, our data support the utility of caffeine in alleviating hypoxia-induced damages in developing neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Ling Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY-Downstate Medical Center, New York, United States; Department of Biology, Medgar Evers College, City University of New York, United States.
| | - Nahla Zaghloul
- Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York, United States; Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, United States
| | - Ijaz Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Medgar Evers College, City University of New York, United States
| | - Anton Omelchenko
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
| | - Bonnie L Firestein
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Biology, Medgar Evers College, City University of New York, United States
| | - Latoya Collins
- Department of Biology, Medgar Evers College, City University of New York, United States
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Baldacci F, Lista S, Palermo G, Giorgi FS, Vergallo A, Hampel H. The neuroinflammatory biomarker YKL-40 for neurodegenerative diseases: advances in development. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:593-600. [PMID: 31195846 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1628643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Neuroinflammation is a common pathophysiological mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases (ND). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) YKL-40 has recently been candidated as a neuroinflammatory biomarker of ND. Areas covered: We provide an update on the role of CSF YKL-40 as a pathophysiological biomarker of ND. YKL-40 may discriminate Alzheimer's disease (AD) from controls and may predict the progression from the early preclinical to the late dementia stage. In genetic AD, YKL-40 increases decades before the clinical onset. It does not seem a specific biomarker of a certain ND although sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease shows the highest YKL-40 concentrations. YKL-40 may discriminate between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and ALS-mimics. YKL-40 is potentially associated with the rate of ALS progression. YKL-40 correlates with biomarkers of neuronal injury, large axonal damage and synaptic disruption in various ND. It is not associated with the presence of the APOE-ε4 allele whereas possibly linked to aging, female sex, Hispanic ethnicity and some genetic variants of the chitinase-3-like 1 locus. Expert opinion: There is growing evidence expanding the relevance of CSF YKL-40 as a pathophysiological biomarker for ND. Patients showing high YKL-40 levels might benefit from targeted clinical trials that use compounds acting against neuroinflammatory mechanisms, independently of the initial clinical diagnosis of ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Baldacci
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.,b Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital , F-75013, Paris , France.,c Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital , F-75013, Paris , France.,d Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP , Boulevard de l'hôpital , F-75013, Paris , France
| | - Simone Lista
- b Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital , F-75013, Paris , France.,c Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital , F-75013, Paris , France.,d Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP , Boulevard de l'hôpital , F-75013, Paris , France
| | - Giovanni Palermo
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Filippo Sean Giorgi
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Andrea Vergallo
- b Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital , F-75013, Paris , France.,c Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l'hôpital , F-75013, Paris , France.,d Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP , Boulevard de l'hôpital , F-75013, Paris , France
| | - Harald Hampel
- b Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital , F-75013, Paris , France
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Qu L, Pan C, He SM, Lang B, Gao GD, Wang XL, Wang Y. The Ras Superfamily of Small GTPases in Non-neoplastic Cerebral Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:121. [PMID: 31213978 PMCID: PMC6555388 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPases from the Ras superfamily play crucial roles in basic cellular processes during practically the entire process of neurodevelopment, including neurogenesis, differentiation, gene expression, membrane and protein traffic, vesicular trafficking, and synaptic plasticity. Small GTPases are key signal transducing enzymes that link extracellular cues to the neuronal responses required for the construction of neuronal networks, as well as for synaptic function and plasticity. Different subfamilies of small GTPases have been linked to a number of non-neoplastic cerebral diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), intellectual disability, epilepsy, drug addiction, Huntington’s disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and a large number of idiopathic cerebral diseases. Here, we attempted to make a clearer illustration of the relationship between Ras superfamily GTPases and non-neoplastic cerebral diseases, as well as their roles in the neural system. In future studies, potential treatments for non-neoplastic cerebral diseases which are based on small GTPase related signaling pathways should be explored further. In this paper, we review all the available literature in support of this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Pan
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Ming He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an International Medical Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Lang
- The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guo-Dong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue-Lian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Schindler SE, Li Y, Todd KW, Herries EM, Henson RL, Gray JD, Wang G, Graham DL, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Hassenstab JJ, Benzinger TLS, Cruchaga C, Jucker M, Levin J, Chhatwal JP, Noble JM, Ringman JM, Graff-Radford NR, Holtzman DM, Ladenson JH, Morris JC, Bateman RJ, Xiong C, Fagan AM. Emerging cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2019; 15:655-665. [PMID: 30846386 PMCID: PMC6511459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Four less well-studied but promising "emerging" cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are elevated in late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD): neurogranin, synaptosomal-associated protein-25 (SNAP-25), visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1), and chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40). METHODS CSF neurogranin, SNAP-25, VILIP-1, and YKL-40 were measured in families carrying autosomal-dominant AD mutations. RESULTS The four emerging CSF biomarkers were significantly elevated in the mutation carriers (n = 235) versus noncarriers (n = 145). CSF SNAP-25, VILIP-1, and YKL-40 were altered very early in the AD time course, approximately 15-19 years before estimated symptom onset. All CSF biomarkers predicted important AD-related outcomes including performance on a cognitive composite, brain amyloid burden as measured by amyloid positron emission tomography, and the estimated years from symptom onset. DISCUSSION Early abnormalities in CSF tTau, pTau, SNAP-25, VILIP-1, and YKL-40 suggest that synaptic damage, neuronal injury, and neuroinflammation begin shortly after the commencement of brain amyloid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E Schindler
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kaitlin W Todd
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Herries
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel L Henson
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julia D Gray
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Guoqiao Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Danielle L Graham
- Biomarkers, Research and Early Development, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason J Hassenstab
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mathias Jucker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Germany; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Germany; Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jasmeer P Chhatwal
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James M Noble
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - John M Ringman
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jack H Ladenson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Randall J Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Alpha-Synuclein and Calpains Disrupt SNARE-Mediated Synaptic Vesicle Fusion During Manganese Exposure in SH-SY5Y Cells. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120258. [PMID: 30544779 PMCID: PMC6316740 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic vesicle fusion is mediated by an assembly of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptors (SNAREs), composed of syntaxin 1, soluble NSF-attachment protein (SNAP)-25, and synaptobrevin-2/VAMP-2. Previous studies have suggested that over-exposure to manganese (Mn) could disrupt synaptic vesicle fusion by influencing SNARE complex formation, both in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. Here we employed calpeptin, an inhibitor of calpains, along with a lentivirus vector containing alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) shRNA, to examine whether specific SNAP-25 cleavage and the over-expression of α-Syn disturbed the formation of the SNARE complex in SH-SY5Y cells. After cells were treated with Mn for 24 h, fragments of SNAP-25-N-terminal protein began to appear; however, this effect was reduced in the group of cells which were pre-treated with calpeptin. FM1-43-labeled synaptic vesicle fusion decreased with Mn treatment, which was consistent with the formation of SNARE complexes. The interaction of VAMP-2 and α-Syn increased significantly in normal cells in response to 100 μM Mn treatment, but decreased in LV-α-Syn shRNA cells treated with 100 μM Mn; similar results were observed in terms of the formation of SNARE complexes and FM1-43-labeled synaptic vesicle fusion. Our data suggested that Mn treatment could increase [Ca2+]i, leading to abnormally excessive calpains activity, which disrupted the SNARE complex by cleaving SNAP-25. Our data also provided convincing evidence that Mn could induce the over-expression of α-Syn; when combined with VAMP-2, α-Syn prevented VAMP-2 from joining the SNARE complex cycle.
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Abstract
Apicomplexan protozoan parasites, such as those causing malaria and toxoplasmosis, must invade the cells of their hosts in order to establish a pathogenic infection. Timely release of proteins from a series of apical organelles is required for invasion. Neither the vesicular fusion events that underlie secretion nor the observed reliance of the various processes on changes in intracellular calcium concentrations is completely understood. We identified a group of three proteins with strong homology to the calcium-sensing ferlin family, which are known to be involved in protein secretion in other organisms. Surprisingly, decreasing the amounts of one of these proteins (TgFER2) did not have any effect on the typically calcium-dependent steps in invasion. Instead, TgFER2 was essential for the release of proteins from organelles called rhoptries. These data provide a tantalizing first look at the mechanisms controlling the very poorly understood process of rhoptry secretion, which is essential for the parasite’s infection cycle. Invasion of host cells by apicomplexan parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii is critical for their infectivity and pathogenesis. In Toxoplasma, secretion of essential egress, motility, and invasion-related proteins from microneme organelles is regulated by oscillations of intracellular Ca2+. Later stages of invasion are considered Ca2+ independent, including the secretion of proteins required for host cell entry and remodeling from the parasite’s rhoptries. We identified a family of three Toxoplasma proteins with homology to the ferlin family of double C2 domain-containing Ca2+ sensors. In humans and model organisms, such Ca2+ sensors orchestrate Ca2+-dependent exocytic membrane fusion with the plasma membrane. Here we focus on one ferlin that is conserved across the Apicomplexa, T. gondii FER2 (TgFER2). Unexpectedly, conditionally TgFER2-depleted parasites secreted their micronemes normally and were completely motile. However, these parasites were unable to invade host cells and were therefore not viable. Knockdown of TgFER2 prevented rhoptry secretion, and these parasites failed to form the moving junction at the parasite-host interface necessary for host cell invasion. Collectively, these data demonstrate the requirement of TgFER2 for rhoptry secretion in Toxoplasma tachyzoites and suggest a possible Ca2+ dependence of rhoptry secretion. These findings provide the first mechanistic insights into this critical yet poorly understood aspect of apicomplexan host cell invasion.
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Chen X, Wang X, Yang Y, Li Z, Zhang Y, Gao W, Xiao J, Li B. Schwann cells protect against CaMKII- and PKA-dependent Acrylamide-induced Synapsin I phosphorylation. Brain Res 2018; 1701:18-27. [PMID: 30028969 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the effects of Acrylamide (ACR), as well as the influence of Schwann cells (SCs), on the signal transduction pathway and phosphorylation of Synapsin I in a Human neuroblastoma cell line (NB-1). METHODS NB-1s, NB-1s co-cultured with SCs, and a negative control group (NB-1 cells without ACR) were exposed to gradient concentrations of ACR for 48 h. Cell proliferation and viability were determined by MTT. Protein and mRNA expression levels of typical kinases (i.e., cAMP-dependent protein kinase [PKA], calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II [CaMKII], and mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinases [MAPK-Erk]), their phosphorylation status, as well as Synapsin I and its phosphorylation status, were tested by western blotting and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Further, the effect of SCs on ACR-induced NB-1 cell toxicity was evaluated. RESULTS (1) The MTT assay showed a sustained, dose- and time-dependent inhibition of NB-1s exposed to ACR. (2) ACR exposure increased the phosphorylation of CaMKII and PKA, which subsequently increased the phosphorylation of Synapsin I (at Serine603 [a substrate site of CaMKII] and Serine9 [a substrate site of PKA]). Pretreatment with CaMKII and PKA inhibitors blocked the ACR-mediated increase in phosphorylation. The above-described results were all significantly different when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). (3) When co-cultured with SCs, ACR-induced NB-1 inhibition was obviously decreased, and the trend of change of phosphorylated CaMKII, PKA, and Synapsin I were changed (first slightly increased and then decreased), which was inconsistent with what we observed in NB-1s cultured alone. CONCLUSIONS The toxic effects of ACR on neurons may be mediated by CaMKII and PKA-dependent signaling pathways in which Synapsin I may act as a downstream effector. Furthermore, glial cells (SCs) may be able to prevent a certain degree of ACR-induced neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiuhui Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yiguang Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhongsheng Li
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Weimin Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jingwei Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Toxicology, Key Lab of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
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Mutant Huntingtin Causes a Selective Decrease in the Expression of Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2C. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:747-758. [PMID: 29713895 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the huntingtin (Htt) protein. Mutant Htt causes synaptic transmission dysfunctions by interfering in the expression of synaptic proteins, leading to early HD symptoms. Synaptic vesicle proteins 2 (SV2s), a family of synaptic vesicle proteins including 3 members, SV2A, SV2B, and SV2C, plays important roles in synaptic physiology. Here, we investigated whether the expression of SV2s is affected by mutant Htt in the brains of HD transgenic (TG) mice and Neuro2a mouse neuroblastoma cells (N2a cells) expressing mutant Htt. Western blot analysis showed that the protein levels of SV2A and SV2B were not significantly changed in the brains of HD TG mice expressing mutant Htt with 82 glutamine repeats. However, in the TG mouse brain there was a dramatic decrease in the protein level of SV2C, which has a restricted distribution pattern in regions particularly vulnerable in HD. Immunostaining revealed that the immunoreactivity of SV2C was progressively weakened in the basal ganglia and hippocampus of TG mice. RT-PCR demonstrated that the mRNA level of SV2C progressively declined in the TG mouse brain without detectable changes in the mRNA levels of SV2A and SV2B, indicating that mutant Htt selectively inhibits the transcriptional expression of SV2C. Furthermore, we found that only SV2C expression was progressively inhibited in N2a cells expressing a mutant Htt containing 120 glutamine repeats. These findings suggest that the synaptic dysfunction in HD results from the mutant Htt-mediated inhibition of SV2C transcriptional expression. These data also imply that the restricted distribution and decreased expression of SV2C contribute to the brain region-selective pathology of HD.
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Martínez-Torres NI, González-Tapia D, Flores-Soto M, Vázquez-Hernández N, Salgado-Ceballos H, González-Burgos I. Spinogenesis in spinal cord motor neurons following pharmacological lesions to the rat motor cortex. Neurologia 2018; 36:119-126. [PMID: 29555297 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Motor function is impaired in multiple neurological diseases associated with corticospinal tract degeneration. Motor impairment has been linked to plastic changes at both the presynaptic and postsynaptic levels. However, there is no evidence of changes in information transmission from the cortex to spinal motor neurons. METHODS We used kainic acid to induce stereotactic lesions to the primary motor cortex of female adult rats. Fifteen days later, we evaluated motor function with the BBB scale and the rotarod and determined the density of thin, stubby, and mushroom spines of motor neurons from a thoracolumbar segment of the spinal cord. Spinophilin, synaptophysin, and β iii-tubulin expression was also measured. RESULTS Pharmacological lesions resulted in poor motor performance. Spine density and the proportion of thin and stubby spines were greater. We also observed increased expression of the 3 proteins analysed. CONCLUSION The clinical symptoms of neurological damage secondary to Wallerian degeneration of the corticospinal tract are associated with spontaneous, compensatory plastic changes at the synaptic level. Based on these findings, spontaneous plasticity is a factor to consider when designing more efficient strategies in the early phase of rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Martínez-Torres
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México; Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colotlán, Jalisco, México
| | - D González-Tapia
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México; Instituto de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación Integral, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México; Universidad Politécnica de la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara, Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jalisco, México
| | - M Flores-Soto
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - N Vázquez-Hernández
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - H Salgado-Ceballos
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional S-XXI, IMSS, Ciudad de México, México; Proyecto Camina, A.C., Ciudad de México, México
| | - I González-Burgos
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
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Zhang Y, Yuan S, Pu J, Yang L, Zhou X, Liu L, Jiang X, Zhang H, Teng T, Tian L, Xie P. Integrated Metabolomics and Proteomics Analysis of Hippocampus in a Rat Model of Depression. Neuroscience 2018; 371:207-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Han J, Kim HJ, Schafer ST, Paquola A, Clemenson GD, Toda T, Oh J, Pankonin AR, Lee BS, Johnston ST, Sarkar A, Denli AM, Gage FH. Functional Implications of miR-19 in the Migration of Newborn Neurons in the Adult Brain. Neuron 2017; 91:79-89. [PMID: 27387650 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Altered microRNA profiles have been implicated in human brain disorders. However, the functional contribution of individual microRNAs to neuronal development and function is largely unknown. Here, we report biological functions for miR-19 in adult neurogenesis. We determined that miR-19 is enriched in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and downregulated during neuronal development in the adult hippocampus. By manipulating miR-19 in NPCs for gain- and loss-of-function studies, we discovered that miR-19 regulates cell migration by directly targeting Rapgef2. Concordantly, dysregulation of miR-19 in NPCs alters the positioning of newborn neurons in the adult brain. Furthermore, we found abnormal expression of miR-19 in human NPCs generated from schizophrenic patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that have been described as displaying aberrant migration. Our study demonstrates the significance of posttranscriptional gene regulation by miR-19 in preventing the irregular migration of adult-born neurons that may contribute to the etiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinju Han
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Simon T Schafer
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Institute of Physiology, University of Greifswald, 17495 Karlsburg, Germany
| | - Apua Paquola
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gregory D Clemenson
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tomohisa Toda
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jinseo Oh
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aimee R Pankonin
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bo Suk Lee
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stephen T Johnston
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anindita Sarkar
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ahmet M Denli
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Wang C, Xu B, Ma Z, Liu C, Deng Y, Liu W, Xu ZF. Inhibition of Calpains Protects Mn-Induced Neurotransmitter release disorders in Synaptosomes from Mice: Involvement of SNARE Complex and Synaptic Vesicle Fusion. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28623313 PMCID: PMC5473846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexposure to manganese (Mn) could disrupt neurotransmitter release via influencing the formation of SNARE complex, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. A previous study demonstrated that SNAP-25 is one of substrate of calpains. The current study investigated whether calpains were involved in Mn-induced disorder of SNARE complex. After mice were treated with Mn for 24 days, Mn deposition increased significantly in basal nuclei in Mn-treated and calpeptin pre-treated groups. Behaviorally, less time spent in the center of the area and decreased average velocity significantly in an open field test after 24 days of Mn exposure. With the increase in MnCl2 dosage, intracellular Ca2+ increased significantly, but pretreatment with calpeptin caused a dose-dependent decrease in calpains activity. There were fragments of N-terminal of SNAP-25 protein appearance in Mn-treated groups, but it is decreased with pretreatment of calpeptin. FM1-43-labeled synaptic vesicles also provided evidence that the treatment with Mn resulted in increasing first and then decreasing, which was consistent with Glu release and the 80 kDa protein levels of SNARE complexes. In summary, Mn induced the disorder of neurotransmitter release through influencing the formation of SNARE complex via cleaving SNAP-25 by overactivation of calpains in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhuo Ma
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Fa Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
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Millan MJ. Linking deregulation of non-coding RNA to the core pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease: An integrative review. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 156:1-68. [PMID: 28322921 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human genome encodes a vast repertoire of protein non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), some specific to the brain. MicroRNAs, which interfere with the translation of target mRNAs, are of particular interest since their deregulation has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains challenging to link the complex body of observations on miRNAs and AD into a coherent framework. Using extensive graphical support, this article discusses how a diverse panoply of miRNAs convergently and divergently impact (and are impacted by) core pathophysiological processes underlying AD: neuroinflammation and oxidative stress; aberrant generation of β-amyloid-42 (Aβ42); anomalies in the production, cleavage and post-translational marking of Tau; impaired clearance of Aβ42 and Tau; perturbation of axonal organisation; disruption of synaptic plasticity; endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response; mitochondrial dysfunction; aberrant induction of cell cycle re-entry; and apoptotic loss of neurons. Intriguingly, some classes of miRNA provoke these cellular anomalies, whereas others act in a counter-regulatory, protective mode. Moreover, changes in levels of certain species of miRNA are a consequence of the above-mentioned anomalies. In addition to miRNAs, circular RNAs, piRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and other types of ncRNA are being increasingly implicated in AD. Overall, a complex mesh of deregulated and multi-tasking ncRNAs reciprocally interacts with core pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AD. Alterations in ncRNAs can be detected in CSF and the circulation as well as the brain and are showing promise as biomarkers, with the ultimate goal clinical exploitation as targets for novel modes of symptomatic and course-altering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, institut de recherche Servier, 125 chemin de ronde, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, France.
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Wang C, Xu B, Song QF, Deng Y, Liu W, Xu ZF. Manganese exposure disrupts SNARE protein complex-mediated vesicle fusion in primary cultured neurons. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:705-716. [PMID: 27125645 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Overexposure to manganese (Mn) has been known to disrupt neurotransmitter release in the brain. However, the underlying mechanisms of Mn exposure on neurotransmitter vesicle release are still unclear. The current study investigated whether the protein expression and their interaction of SNARE complex associated proteins were the media between Mn exposure and neurotransmitter vesicle fusion disorders. After the neurons were respectively exposed to Mn (0-200 μM) for 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 h, there were different degrees of cell injury in neurons. According to the results, Mn exposures in subsequent experiments were restricted to concentrations of 100 μM for 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 h. Mn was found to down-regulate the expression of SNAP-25 and up-regulate the expression of VAMP-2 in cultured neurons. Moreover, the interaction of Munc 18 and Syntaxin increased significantly in response to Mn treatment for 18-24h, and the interaction of VAMP-2 and Synaptophysin increased first and then decreased. FM1-43-labeled synaptic vesicles also provided evidence that the treatment with Mn resulted in neurotransmitter vesicle fusion increasing first and then decreasing, which was consistent with the 80 kDa protein levels of SNARE complexes. The findings clearly demonstrated that Mn induced the disorders of neurotransmitter vesicle release via disturbing the protein expression and their interaction of SNARE complex associated proteins. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 705-716, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Fan Song
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Fa Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
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Sarath Babu N, Krishnan S, Brahmendra Swamy CV, Venkata Subbaiah GP, Gurava Reddy AV, Idris MM. Quantitative proteomic analysis of normal and degenerated human intervertebral disc. Spine J 2016; 16:989-1000. [PMID: 27125197 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2016.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is the most common disease of aging in humans. DDD is characterized by the gradual damage of the intervertebral discs. The disease is characterized by progressive dehydration of nucleus pulposus and disruption of annulus fibrosus of intervertebral disc. PURPOSE Even though it is highly prevalent, there is no effective therapy to regenerate the degenerated disc, or decrease or halt the disease progression. Therefore, novel monitoring and diagnostic tests are essential to develop an alternative therapeutic strategies which can prevent further progression of disc degeneration. STUDY DESIGN The study was designed to understand the proteome map of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus tissues of intervertebral disc and its differential expression in patients with DDD. METHODS The proteome map of the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus tissues of intervertebral disc was cataloged involving one-dimensional gel electrophoresis-Fourier transform mass spectrometry/ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (FTMS/ITMSMS) analysis. The altered proteome patterns of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus tissues for DDD were identified using Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics coupled with FTMS/ITMSMS and network pathway analysis. RESULTS The study identified a total of 759 and 692 proteins from the annulus fibrosus and the nucleus pulposus tissues of the disc based on FTMS/ITMSMS analysis, which includes 118 proteins commonly identified between the two tissues. Vibrant changes were observed between the normal and the degenerating annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus tissues. A total of 73 and 54 proteins were identified as differentially regulated in the annulus and the nucleus tissues, respectively, between the normal and the degenerated tissues independently. Network pathway analysis mapped the differentially expressed proteins to cell adhesion, cell migration, and interleukin13 signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, the current study provides a novel vision in the biomechanism of human disc degeneration and a certain number of proteins with the potential biomarker value for the preliminary diagnosis and scenario of DDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Goli P Venkata Subbaiah
- Sunshine Hospitals, SMART (Sunshine Medical Academy For Research and Training), Penderghast Rd, Secunderabad, 500003, India
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Giovanoli S, Weber-Stadlbauer U, Schedlowski M, Meyer U, Engler H. Prenatal immune activation causes hippocampal synaptic deficits in the absence of overt microglia anomalies. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 55:25-38. [PMID: 26408796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to infectious or inflammatory insults can increase the risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorder in later life, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism. These brain disorders are also characterized by pre- and postsynaptic deficits. Using a well-established mouse model of maternal exposure to the viral mimetic polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic acid [poly(I:C)], we examined whether prenatal immune activation might cause synaptic deficits in the hippocampal formation of pubescent and adult offspring. Based on the widely appreciated role of microglia in synaptic pruning, we further explored possible associations between synaptic deficits and microglia anomalies in offspring of poly(I:C)-exposed and control mothers. We found that prenatal immune activation induced an adult onset of presynaptic hippocampal deficits (as evaluated by synaptophysin and bassoon density). The early-life insult further caused postsynaptic hippocampal deficits in pubescence (as evaluated by PSD95 and SynGAP density), some of which persisted into adulthood. In contrast, prenatal immune activation did not change microglia (or astrocyte) density, nor did it alter their activation phenotypes. The prenatal manipulation did also not cause signs of persistent systemic inflammation. Despite the absence of overt glial anomalies or systemic inflammation, adult offspring exposed to prenatal immune activation displayed increased hippocampal IL-1β levels. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that age-dependent synaptic deficits and abnormal pro-inflammatory cytokine expression can occur during postnatal brain maturation in the absence of microglial anomalies or systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Giovanoli
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Weber-Stadlbauer
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Urs Meyer
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Harald Engler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Li XW, Cao L, Wang F, Yang QG, Tong JJ, Li XY, Chen GH. Maternal inflammation linearly exacerbates offspring age-related changes of spatial learning and memory, and neurobiology until senectitude. Behav Brain Res 2016; 306:178-96. [PMID: 26992827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Maternal inflammation during pregnancy can elevate the risk of neurodegenerative disorders in offspring. However, how it affects age-related impairments of spatial learning and memory and changes in the neurobiological indictors in the offspring in later adulthood is still elusive. In this study, the CD-1 mice with maternal gestational inflammation due to receiving lipopolysaccharide (LPS, i.p. 50 or 25μg/kg) were divided into 3-, 12-, 18-, and 22-month-old groups. The spatial learning and memory were evaluated using a six-radial arm water maze and the levels of presynaptic proteins (synaptotagmin-1 and syntaxin-1) and histone acetylation (H3K9ac and H4K8ac) in the dorsal hippocampus were detected using the immunohistochemical method. The results indicated that there were significant age-related impairments of spatial learning and memory, decreased levels of H4K8ac, H3K9ac, and syntaxin-1, and increased levels of synaptotagmin-1 in the offspring mice from 12 months old to 22 months old compared to the same-age controls. Maternal LPS treatment significantly exacerbated the offspring impairments of spatial learning and memory, the reduction of H3K9ac, H4K8ac, and syntaxin-1, and the increment of synaptotagmin-1 from 12 months old to 22 months old compared to the same-age control groups. The changes in the neurobiological indicators significantly correlated with the impairments of spatial learning and memory. Furthermore, this correlation, besides the age and LPS-treatment effects, also showed a dose-dependent effect. Our results suggest that maternal inflammation during pregnancy could exacerbate age-related impairments of spatial learning and memory, and neurobiochemical indicators in the offspring CD-1 mice from midlife to senectitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Qi-Gang Yang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Tong
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Xue-Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, PR China; Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, and the Center of Anhui Province in Psychologic Medicine, Chaohu, Hefei 238000, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, PR China; Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, and the Center of Anhui Province in Psychologic Medicine, Chaohu, Hefei 238000, Anhui Province, PR China; Department of Neurology, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan Province, PR China.
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Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, Rab guanosine triphosphate-ases serve as key regulators of membrane-trafficking events, such as exocytosis and endocytosis. Rab3, Rab6, and Rab27 control the regulatory secretory pathway of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters. The cDNAs of Rab3, Rab6, and Rab27 from B. mori were inserted into a plasmid, transformed into Escherichia coli, and then subsequently purified. We then produced antibodies against Rab3, Rab6, and Rab27 of Bombyx mori in rabbits and rats for use in western immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Western immunoblotting of brain tissue revealed a single band at approximately 26 kDa. Immunohistochemistry results revealed that Rab3, Rab6, and Rab27 expression was restricted to neurons in the pars intercerebralis and dorsolateral protocerebrum of the brain. Rab3 and Rab6 co-localized with bombyxin, an insect neuropeptide. However, there was no Rab that co-localized with prothoracicotropic hormone. The corpus allatum secretes neuropeptides synthesized in the brain into the hemolymph. Results showed that Rab3 and Rab6 co-localized with bombyxin in the corpus allatum. These findings suggest that Rab3 and Rab6 are involved in neurosecretion in B. mori. This study is the first to report a possible relationship between Rab and neurosecretion in the insect corpus allatum.
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Rong R, Yang H, Rong L, Wei X, Li Q, Liu X, Gao H, Xu Y, Zhang Q. Proteomic analysis of PSD-93 knockout mice following the induction of ischemic cerebral injury. Neurotoxicology 2016; 53:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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