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Guo Z, Cui Y, Qiu R, Bu L, Yang T, Li Y, Zhu X. The association of impulsivity with depression and anxiety symptoms: A transdiagnostic network analysis and replication. J Affect Disord 2024; 359:100-108. [PMID: 38772504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity increases the risk for depression and anxiety. However, the granular pathways among them remain unknown. A network approach that moves from disorder-level analysis to symptom-level analysis can provide further understanding of psychopathological mechanisms. In this study, we examined the network structure of impulsivity and separate and comorbid symptoms of depression and anxiety. METHODS Regularized partial-correlation networks were estimated using cross-sectional data from 1047 Chinese participants aged 18-26 years (main dataset, mean age = 21.45 ± 2.01 years) and 325 Chinese participants aged 18-36 years (an independent replication dataset, mean age = 21.49 ± 3.73 years), including impulsivity-depression, impulsivity-anxiety, and impulsivity-depression-anxiety networks. The datasets were collected from 1 June 2023 to 4 August 2023 and from 27 April 2022 to 16 May 2022, respectively. Impulsivity, depression, and anxiety were assessed using Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, respectively. Bridge centrality was analyzed, and a network comparison test (NCT) was conducted to investigate the differences between the main dataset and replication dataset. RESULTS The motor impulsivity dimension was revealed to be closely connected with individual symptoms of depression and anxiety regardless of whether they were in separate disorder forms or comorbid forms. In all the networks, motor impulsivity was the most important bridge node. The NCT showed comparable network connectivity and network structure between the main and replication datasets. LIMITATIONS The use of cross-sectional data limited the inferences about the direction of causality between variables. CONCLUSIONS These findings elucidate the psychopathological mechanisms underlying how impulsivity functions within depression, anxiety, and comorbidity and support that motor impulsivity is an important risk factor across different mental disorders and is responsible for comorbidity. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Guo
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Qiu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lingbo Bu
- Teaching Evaluation Center, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianqi Yang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yijun Li
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Xu YH, Wu F, Yu S, Zhang XY, Xu PJ, Sun QM. Prevalence of mental health symptoms and associated risk factors among healthcare workers in specialized COVID-19 hospitals in Anyang, China: A cross-sectional survey. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32593. [PMID: 38961983 PMCID: PMC11219988 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spread worldwide and brought unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems. Healthcare workers experienced tremendous pressure and psychological issues. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from January 2022 to April 2022 among healthcare workers in Anyang, Henan Province, China. Insomnia, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and problematic internet use (PIU) were evaluated. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the factors that were associated with mental health problems. Results A total of 242 participants (mean [SD] age, 34.7 [6.6] years, 187 female [77.3 %]) were included in the study. The prevalence of symptoms of insomnia, anxiety, depression, PTSD and PIU during the COVID-19 pandemic in China was 53.7 %, 100.0 %, 7.0 %, 20.3 %, and 19.4 %, respectively. Participants who smoked, used sedative-hypnotic drugs and may need psychological assistance were at a higher risk for mental health problems. Respondents who were older than 45 years and were married displayed a lower risk of insomnia and PTSD, respectively. Conclusions Mental health symptoms are pervasive among healthcare workers in specialized COVID-19 hospitals during the outbreak. Risk factors include smoking, sedative-hypnotic drug use, and the need for psychological assistance, while protective factors include age and marital status. Developing social media platforms and providing psychological assistance may be effective interventions for healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Xu
- Corresponding author. Department of Sleep Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Henan, 453002, China.
| | | | - Shuai Yu
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorders; Brain Institute, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhang
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorders; Brain Institute, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peng-Jiao Xu
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorders; Brain Institute, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qi-Meng Sun
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorders; Brain Institute, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Xinxiang, China
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Qiao MX, Yu H, Li T. Non-invasive neurostimulation to improve sleep quality and depressive symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 176:282-292. [PMID: 38905761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive neurostimulation, including bright light therapy (BLT), repetitive transcranial magnetic (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), has been shown to alleviate depressive symptoms in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the efficacy of these interventions in addressing sleep disturbances in MDD patients remains a subject of debate. OBJECTIVE We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effectiveness of non-invasive neurostimulation in improving sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms in MDD patients. METHODS Systematic searches for relevant RCTs were conducted in the databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure up to January 2024. Data on outcomes comparable across the studies were meta-analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 14. The pooled results were reported as standardized mean differences (SMD) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Our analysis encompassed 15 RCTs involving 1348 patients. Compared to sham or no stimulation, non-invasive neurostimulation significantly improved sleep quality (SMD -0.74, 95%CI -1.15 to -0.33, p = 0.0004) and sleep efficiency (SMD 0.35, 95%CI 0.10 to 0.60, p = 0.006). It also significantly reduced severity of depressive symptoms (SMD -0.62, 95%CI -0.90 to -0.35, p < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis further demonstrated that patients experiencing sleep improvements due to neurostimulation showed a marked decrease in depressive symptoms compared to the control group (SMD = -0.90, 95% CI [-1.26, -0.54], p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Current evidence from RCTs suggests that neurostimulation can enhance sleep quality and efficiency in individuals with MDD, which in turn may be associated with mitigation of depressive symptoms. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42023423844.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xuan Qiao
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Tao Li
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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4
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Akiyama S, Ono M, Ishii Y, Kikkawa M, Ito S, Honyashiki M, Tamada Y, Takeuchi H, Inoue T, Masuya J. Effects of childhood experiences of parental attitude, depressive rumination, and sleep disturbances on adulthood depressive symptoms. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2024; 3:e220. [PMID: 38915853 PMCID: PMC11196181 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Aim Various factors are thought to be involved in the development of depression, but the mechanisms are not yet clear. Although several reports have demonstrated that parental attitude experienced in childhood, depressive rumination, and sleep disturbances each influence depressive symptoms, and the association between two of these four variables, to our knowledge, no reports to date have investigated the association among the four variables. Methods A questionnaire survey was administered to 576 adults who agreed to participate in this study between April 2017 and April 2018. Questionnaires assessed parental attitudes experienced in childhood, depressive rumination, sleep disturbances, and depressive symptoms in adulthood. The associations among the four variables were tested by structural equation modeling. Results Regarding the direct effects, the parental attitude of "care" had a negative influence on depressive rumination and depressive symptoms, whereas "overprotection" had a positive influence on depressive rumination. Depressive rumination had a positive influence on sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms, whereas sleep disturbances had a positive influence on depressive symptoms. Regarding indirect effects, depressive rumination mediated the association between parental attitudes and sleep disturbances or depressive symptoms. Furthermore, sleep disturbances mediated the association between depressive rumination and depressive symptoms. Care and overprotection showed opposite effects. The goodness of fit of this model was high. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrated that there were associations among the four variables. Clinical assessment and intervention of depressive rumination and sleep disturbances that are closely associated with previous parental attitudes may lead to an improvement of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Akiyama
- Department of PsychiatryTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
- Department of PharmacyTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Miki Ono
- Department of PsychiatryTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | | | | | - Shunichiro Ito
- Department of PsychiatryTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | | | - Yu Tamada
- Department of PsychiatryTokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical CenterTokyoJapan
| | | | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of PsychiatryTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Jiro Masuya
- Department of PsychiatryTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
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Dell'Acqua C, Messerotti Benvenuti S, Cellini N, Brush CJ, Ruggerone A, Palomba D. Familial risk for depression is associated with reduced physical activity in young adults: evidence from a wrist-worn actigraphy study. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:219. [PMID: 38806490 PMCID: PMC11133440 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is characterized by reduced physical activity and sleep-wake cycle disturbances, often considered important features of the disease. While a few studies have suggested that self-reported reduced physical activity and sleep-wake cycle disturbances might both be linked to depression vulnerability, actigraphy-based measures in vulnerable samples remain largely unexplored. This study relied on actigraphy-based parameters to test whether these disturbances characterize depression vulnerability. Seven-day actigraphy data were collected from 20 (13 female) university students with a high vulnerability to depression, which was determined by the presence of a family history of the condition but no current symptoms, and 32 (21 female) controls with neither a family history of depression nor current depressive symptoms. Daily physical activity, namely gross motor activity, was quantified as average daily acceleration and time spent engaging in moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythms were assessed as total sleep duration per night (in hours), sleep within sleep period time (in hours), sleep efficiency (%), and relative amplitude (i.e., the difference between the activity during the day and the night, which reflects circadian rhythms amplitude). Results showed that individuals with a familial risk for depression exhibited reduced daily acceleration and time spent in MVPA relative to the control group, particularly on the weekend during their free time away from scheduled activities. On the other hand, the two groups were comparable in terms of sleep estimates. Taken together, reduced physical activity, but not sleep-wake disturbances, seem to be associated with vulnerability to depression and might be a viable target for identification and prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Dell'Acqua
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Simone Messerotti Benvenuti
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Hospital Psychology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicola Cellini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - C J Brush
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | | | - Daniela Palomba
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Zhu S, Shi J, Zhang Y, Chen X, Shi T, Li L. Combination administration of alprazolam and N-Ethylmaleimide synergistically enhances sleep behaviors in mice with no potential CNS side effects. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17342. [PMID: 38737745 PMCID: PMC11086308 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM), an agonist of the potassium chloride cotransporters 2 (KCC2) receptor, has been correlated with neurosuppressive outcomes, including decreased pain perception and the prevention of epileptic seizures. Nevertheless, its relationship with sleep-inducing effects remains unreported. Objective The present study aimed to investigate the potential enhancement of NEM on the sleep-inducing properties of alprazolam (Alp). Methods The test of the righting reflex was used to identify the appropriate concentrations of Alp and NEM for inducing sleep-promoting effects in mice. Total sleep duration and sleep quality were evaluated through EEG/EMG analysis. The neural mechanism underlying the sleep-promoting effect was examined through c-fos immunoreactivity in the brain using immunofluorescence. Furthermore, potential CNS-side effects of the combination Alp and NEM were assessed using LABORAS automated home-cage behavioral phenotyping. Results Combination administration of Alp (1.84 mg/kg) and NEM (1.0 mg/kg) significantly decreased sleep latency and increased sleep duration in comparison to administering 1.84 mg/kg Alp alone. This effect was characterized by a notable increase in REM duration. The findings from c-fos immunoreactivity indicated that NEM significantly suppressed neuron activation in brain regions associated with wakefulness. Additionally, combination administration of Alp and NEM showed no effects on mouse neural behaviors during automated home cage monitoring. Conclusions This study is the first to propose and demonstrate a combination therapy involving Alp and NEM that not only enhances the hypnotic effect but also mitigates potential CNS side effects, suggesting its potential application in treating insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
| | - Liqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
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Alessandri-Bonetti A, Sangalli L, Boggero IA. Relationship between insomnia and pain in patients with chronic orofacial pain. PAIN MEDICINE (MALDEN, MASS.) 2024; 25:319-326. [PMID: 38258535 PMCID: PMC11063747 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies have investigated specific associations between insomnia and orofacial pain (OFP). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine relationships of insomnia with pain, mental health, and physical health variables among treatment-seeking patients with chronic OFP. METHODS OFP diagnosis, demographics, insomnia symptoms, pain intensity, interference, and duration, mental health measures, and number of medical comorbidities were extracted from the medical records of 450 patients receiving an initial appointment at a university-affiliated tertiary OFP clinic. T-tests compared differences between patients with and without insomnia symptomatology, and between patients with different insomnia subtypes (delayed onset/early wakening). RESULTS Compared to patients without insomnia, those with elevated insomnia symptomatology (45.1%) reported higher pain intensity (60.70 ± 20.61 vs 44.15 ± 21.69; P < .001) and interference (43.81 ± 29.84 vs 18.40 ± 23.43; P < 0.001), depression/anxiety symptomatology (5.53 ± 3.32 vs 2.72 ± 2.66; P < 0.001), dissatisfaction with life (21.63 ± 6.95 vs 26.50 ± 6.21; P < .001), and number of medical comorbidities (6.72 ± 5.37 vs 4.37 ± 4.60; P < .001). Patients with Sleep Onset Latency insomnia (SOL-insomnia) (N = 76) reported higher pain intensity (t = 3.57; P < 0.001), and pain interference (t = 4.46; P < .001) compared to those without SOL-insomnia. Those with Early Morning Awakening insomnia (EMA-insomnia) (N = 71) did not significantly differ from those without EMA-insomnia on any of the variables. Differences remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, primary OFP diagnosis, and pain intensity. CONCLUSIONS Insomnia is associated with pain outcomes and should be appropriately managed when treating patients with chronic OFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Alessandri-Bonetti
- Division of Orofacial Pain, Department of Oral Health Science, University of Kentucky, College of Dentistry, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
- Institute of Dental Clinic, A. Gemelli University Policlinic IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Linda Sangalli
- College of Dental Medicine—Illinois, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Ian A Boggero
- Division of Orofacial Pain, Department of Oral Health Science, University of Kentucky, College of Dentistry, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, College of Dentistry, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
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Muhammad T, Srivastava S, Muneera K, Kumar M, Kelekar U. Treatment for Insomnia Symptoms is Associated with Reduced Depression Among Older Adults: A Propensity Score Matching Approach. Clin Gerontol 2024; 47:436-451. [PMID: 37153958 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2023.2208582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to investigate the effect of utilization of treatment for insomnia symptoms on the prevalence of major depressive disorder among older adults in India. METHODS We used the data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), 2017-18. The sample included 10,911 older individuals who reported insomnia symptoms. The propensity score matching (PSM) approach was used to compare the depressive disorder among those who received vs. not received treatment. RESULTS Only 5.7% of older adults reporting insomnia symptoms received treatment. On average, prevalence of depressive disorder among men and women who received treatment for insomnia symptoms was lesser by 0.79 and 0.33 points, respectively, than those who did not receive treatment. In the matched sample, treatment for insomnia symptoms was significantly associated with lesser prevalence of depression for both older men (β= -0.68, p < .001) and older women (β= -0.62, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest that treatment for insomnia symptoms can reduce the risk of depressive disorder among older adults and the effects are higher among older men than women.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Muhammad
- Department of Family & Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Shobhit Srivastava
- Department of Survey Research & Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - K Muneera
- School of Management Studies, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Population Research Centre, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Uma Kelekar
- School of Business, College of Business, Innovation, Leadership and Technology
- Marymount Center for Optimal Aging, Marymount University, Arlington-VA, USA
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Majeed M, Nagabhushanam K, Murali A, Vishwanathan DT, Mamidala RV, Mundkur L. A Standardized Withania somnifera (Linn.) Root Extract with Piperine Alleviates the Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression by Increasing Serotonin Levels: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2024; 30:459-468. [PMID: 37878284 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2023.0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Background: Withania somnifera (Linn) or Ashwagandha is used in Ayurveda and other traditional medicine systems as an adaptogen and a neuroprotective supplement. Objective: The effect of Ashwagandha root extract (ARE) standardized for 2.5% full-spectrum withanolides as per The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) protocol with piperine (500 mg with 5 mg of 95% piperine) once a day (12.5 mg withanolides/day) was evaluated in individuals with mild to moderate depression and anxiety. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study, for 90 days, 70 participants were randomized to ARE (n = 34) or placebo (n = 36) once daily at night. Mean change in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), Groningen Sleep Quality Scale (GSQS), and quality of life (QOL) from screening to days 30, 60, and 90 were evaluated. Safety was evaluated by monitoring any incidence of adverse events and laboratory parameters. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and repeated-measure ANOVA were used to compare ARE and placebo, and the changes within the group at different time points. Results: Seventy individuals were randomized and all of them completed the study. The HARS, HDRS, GSQS, and QOL scores improved significantly (p < 0.001) in all the participants taking ARE compared to placebo on days 30, 60, and 90. Anxiety and depression improved from baseline to end of the study in both groups, but the quantum of improvement was significantly higher in ARE. Serum levels of serotonin increased in ARE, but showed a decrease in placebo, the difference being statically significant (p < 0.001). Biochemical and hematological parameters remained in the normal range in all participants and ARE was well tolerated during the study. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that 500 mg of ARE standardized for 2.5% withanolides with 5 mg piperine is beneficial in improving depression, and anxiety, by increasing serum serotonin levels. The trial was registered prospectively with the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI) with the registration number CTRI/2022/05/042640, on May 18, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Majeed
- Sami-Sabinsa Group Limited, Bangalore, India
- Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, NJ, USA
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Kamata Y, Takashio O, Sato R, Kawai H, Ishii H, Aoyagi K, Tomita A, Toda S, Iwanami A. Relationship Between Insomnia and Continued Outpatient Treatment in Psychiatric Patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2024; 20:697-723. [PMID: 38559773 PMCID: PMC10981878 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s454757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sleep plays an essential role in maintaining both physical and mental well-being. Many patients in psychiatric outpatient settings complain of insomnia. However, the causal relationship between insomnia and depressive symptoms in all mental illnesses remains unclear. Moreover, research on insomnia and the continuation of outpatient treatment is lacking. We hypothesize a high correlation between depression and insomnia among patients with diverse mental illnesses. Additionally, we posit that insomnia significantly influences the continuity of outpatient visits. To this end, we evaluated insomnia and depression symptoms in psychiatric patients both at their initial visit and one year later. We also examined factors related to insomnia at the outset and factors associated with the ongoing utilization of outpatient treatment. Patients and Methods The participants of the study consisted of patients who made their first visit to the outpatient department of psychiatry and neurology at Showa University East Hospital between June 1, 2021, and March 31, 2023, and who continued attending the outpatient clinic for one year. Clinical characteristics were assessed using the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Results The study's findings were collected from a cohort of 1106 patients and revealed that more than 70% experienced insomnia at the time of their initial visit. In total 137 patients continued to receive outpatient treatment for one year, and their AIS scores improved from 9 points to 5 points. A multivariate analysis revealed that the SDS items of depressed mood and insomnia were confounding factors influencing AIS improvement. Conclusion Given that 70% of patients complained of insomnia at the time of their first visit and that sleep improved in many of the 12.4% of patients who continued to receive outpatient treatment for at least one year, the results suggest that sleep status is an important determinant of whether a patient continues to attend outpatient clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Kamata
- Department of Psychiatry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Showa University East Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Takashio
- Department of Psychiatry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Showa University East Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Sato
- Department of Psychiatry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Showa University East Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kawai
- Department of Psychiatry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Showa University East Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ishii
- Department of Psychiatry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Showa University East Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Aoyagi
- Department of Psychiatry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Showa University East Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akisa Tomita
- Department of Psychiatry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Showa University East Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Toda
- Department of Psychiatry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Showa University East Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Iwanami
- Department of Psychiatry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Showa University East Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Showa University Karasuyama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Yan R, Marshall T, Khullar A, Nagle T, Knowles J, Malkin M, Chubbs B, Swainson J. Patient-reported outcomes on sleep quality and circadian rhythm during treatment with intravenous ketamine for treatment-resistant depression. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2024; 14:20451253241231264. [PMID: 38440104 PMCID: PMC10910882 DOI: 10.1177/20451253241231264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Intravenous (IV) ketamine is a rapid acting antidepressant used primarily for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). It has been suggested that IV ketamine's rapid antidepressant effects may be partially mediated via improved sleep and changes to the circadian rhythm. Objectives This study explores IV ketamine's association with changes in patient-reported sleep quality and circadian rhythm in an adult population with TRD. Methods Adult patients (18-64 years) with TRD scheduled for IV ketamine treatment were recruited to complete patient rated outcomes measures on sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and circadian rhythm using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Over a 4-week course of eight ketamine infusions, reports were obtained at baseline (T0), prior to second treatment (T1), prior to fifth treatment (T2), and 1 week after eighth treatment (T3). Results Forty participants with TRD (mean age = 42.8, 45% male) were enrolled. Twenty-nine (72.5%) had complete follow-up data. Paired t tests revealed statistically significant improvements at the end of treatment in sleep quality (PSQI) (p = 0.003) and depressive symptoms (Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale-Depression, p < 0.001) while circadian rhythm (MEQ) shifted earlier (p = 0.007). The PSQI subscale components of sleep duration (p = 0.008) and daytime dysfunction (p = 0.001) also improved. In an exploratory post hoc analysis, ketamine's impact on sleep quality was more prominent in patients with mixed features, while its chronobiotic effect was prominent in those without mixed features. Conclusion IV ketamine may improve sleep quality and advance circadian rhythm in individuals with TRD. Effects may differ in individuals with mixed features of depression as compared to those without. Since this was a small uncontrolled study, future research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Atul Khullar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Travis Nagle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jake Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mai Malkin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brittany Chubbs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer Swainson
- Cabrini Center, 3rd Floor, 16811-88 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada T5R 5YR
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Canada
- Misericordia Community Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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12
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Alghamdi AA, Abanumai AA, Althobaiti MF, Alzahrani MS, Abu-Saleh SY, Ammar A, Ghazzawi H, Trabelsi K, Bragazzi N, BaHammam AS, Jahrami H, AlRasheed MM. The Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Anxiety and Preoccupation About Sleep Questionnaire (APSQ). Nat Sci Sleep 2024; 16:75-83. [PMID: 38322015 PMCID: PMC10846094 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s449354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Insomnia disorder is a common health condition; it has a role in increasing the possibility of developing other psychological disorders, including anxiety and depression. Anxiety and preoccupation with sleep are two examples of common cognitive factors that contribute to the development of chronic insomnia; thus, it is important to have a tool that assesses worry in insomnia. There is no comprehensive psychiatric measure to assess anxiety and preoccupation with sleep in Arabic. We conducted this study to translate, adapt, and validate the Arabic version of the Anxiety and Preoccupation about Sleep Questionnaire (APSQ), providing a reliable psychometric tool to assess concerns regarding sleep within Arabic-speaking communities. Methods The translation process of the scale involved several steps, including forward and backward translation. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey completed by 523 participants from various Arabic-speaking countries. Psychometric analysis was performed utilizing the R software, including internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, convergent and divergent against the Athens insomnia scale (AIS) and general anxiety disorder (GAD) were conducted. Results The Arabic-translated form of the APSQ expresses excellent internal consistency with a value of 0.91 for both Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω. The test-retest reliability of a subsample showed an excellent coefficient of 0.93 (p<0.01). A good fit of the APSQ was observed by CFI = 0.93, TLI = 0.91, SRMR = 0.05, and RMSEA = 0.1. Convergent and divergent against AIS and GAD showed statistically significant correlations of 0.85 (p<0.01) and 0.69 (p<0.01), respectively. Our sample showed a mean APSQ score of 31.28 ± 8.31, and the mean age was 23.62 ± 7.5. Conclusion The Arabic APSQ is reliable and valid for measuring anxiety and preoccupation with sleep in Arabic countries. Using translated APSQ for clinical diagnosis and research is currently trustworthy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Meshari Salem Alzahrani
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Salma Yasser Abu-Saleh
- Department Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology, and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health, and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS (Faculty of Sport Sciences), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Hadeel Ghazzawi
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Agriculture School, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nicola Bragazzi
- Human Nutrition Unit (HNU) and Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School, Building C, Parma, Italy
| | - Ahmed S BaHammam
- The University Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Hospitals, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Maha M AlRasheed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Bernstein EE, Klare D, Weingarden H, Greenberg JL, Snorrason I, Hoeppner SS, Vanderkruik R, Harrison O, Wilhelm S. Impact of sleep disruption on BDD symptoms and treatment response. J Affect Disord 2024; 346:206-213. [PMID: 37952909 PMCID: PMC10842714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is severe, undertreated, and relatively common. Although gold-standard cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for BDD has strong empirical support, a significant number of patients do not respond. More work is needed to understand BDD's etiology and modifiable barriers to treatment response. Given its high prevalence and impact on the development, maintenance, and treatment of related, frequently comorbid disorders, sleep disruption is a compelling, but not-yet studied factor. METHODS Data were drawn from a randomized controlled trial of guided smartphone app-based CBT for BDD. Included participants were offered 12-weeks of treatment, immediately (n = 40) or after a 12-week waitlist (n = 37). Sleep disruption and BDD symptom severity were assessed at baseline, week-6, and week-12. RESULTS Hypotheses and analysis plan were pre-registered. Two-thirds of patients reported significant insomnia symptoms at baseline. Baseline severity of sleep disruption and BDD symptoms were not related (r = 0.02). Pre-treatment sleep disruption did not predict BDD symptom reduction across treatment, nor did early sleep improvements predict greater BDD symptom improvement. Early BDD symptom improvement also did not predict later improvements in sleep. LIMITATIONS Limitations include the small sample, restricted ranges of BDD symptom severity and treatment response, and few metrics of sleep disruption. CONCLUSIONS Although insomnia was disproportionately high in this sample and both BDD symptoms and sleep improved in treatment, results suggest sleep and BDD symptoms may function largely independent of one another. More work is encouraged to replicate and better understand findings as well as potential challenges and benefits of addressing sleep in BDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Bernstein
- Massachusetts General Hospital, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, United States of America.
| | - Dalton Klare
- Massachusetts General Hospital, United States of America
| | - Hilary Weingarden
- Massachusetts General Hospital, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L Greenberg
- Massachusetts General Hospital, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, United States of America
| | - Ivar Snorrason
- Massachusetts General Hospital, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, United States of America
| | - Susanne S Hoeppner
- Massachusetts General Hospital, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, United States of America
| | - Rachel Vanderkruik
- Massachusetts General Hospital, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, United States of America
| | | | - Sabine Wilhelm
- Massachusetts General Hospital, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, United States of America
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14
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Kragh M, Dyrberg H, Speed M, Pedersen P, Kristiansen ST, Martiny K. The efficacy of a transdiagnostic sleep intervention for outpatients with sleep problems and depression, bipolar disorder, or attention deficit disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2024; 25:57. [PMID: 38229181 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-07903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with mental disorders have a higher prevalence of sleep problems than the general population. Sleep problems may include insomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, or hypersomnia. A transdiagnostic approach combining cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) with chronotherapy addressing a broad range of sleep problems has shown promising results in a limited number of studies. The aim of the study is to investigate the efficacy of a transdiagnostic sleep intervention for patients with sleep problems comorbid to bipolar disorder, unipolar depression, or attention deficit disorders. The primary hypothesis is that the intervention improves sleep quality compared with a control group. The secondary hypotheses are that the intervention increases subjective and objective sleep efficiency, reduces sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, number of awakenings, and severity of insomnia; and that it improves well-being, personal recovery, work ability, and consumption of sleep medication compared with a control group. METHODS The study is a randomized controlled trial enrolling 88 outpatients with bipolar disorder, major depression, or attention deficit disorder with symptoms of various sleep problems (insomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, or hypersomnia). Patients are allocated to either an intervention group receiving six sessions of transdiagnostic sleep treatment or to a control group receiving a single session of sleep hygiene education. Assessments are made at baseline, at week two, and after 6 weeks in both groups. Actigraphy is performed continuously throughout the 6-week study period for all patients. The primary outcome is changes in the subjective appraisal of sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). The secondary outcomes are changes in sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, number of nocturnal awakenings (based on actigraph and sleep diary data), changes in insomnia severity (Insomnia Severity Index), well-being (WHO-5 Well-Being Index), personal recovery (INSPIRE-O), work ability (Work Ability Index), and consumption of sleep medication (sleep-diaries). DISCUSSION The study was initiated in 2022 and the inclusion period will continue until mid-2024. The results may have implications for the development and implementation of additional treatment options for patients with mental disorders and comorbid sleep problems. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT05406414. Registered on June 6, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Kragh
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Evald Krogs Gade 13A, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Henny Dyrberg
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Evald Krogs Gade 13A, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Maria Speed
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Evald Krogs Gade 13A, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Pernille Pedersen
- DEFACTUM, Central Denmark Region, Evald Krogs Gade 16A, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sanne Toft Kristiansen
- Research Unit for Nursing and Healthcare, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Klaus Martiny
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, University Hospital Copenhagen, Hovedvejen 17, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Saravanan K, Downey L, Sawyer A, Jackson ML, Berlowitz DJ, Graco M. Understanding the Relationships Between Sleep Quality and Depression and Anxiety in Neurotrauma: A Scoping Review. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:13-31. [PMID: 37650845 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep problems, depression, and anxiety are highly prevalent after a spinal cord injury (SCI) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may worsen functional outcomes and quality of life. This scoping review examined the existing literature to understand the relationships between sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in persons with SCI and TBI, and to identify gaps in the literature. A systematic search of seven databases was conducted. The findings of 30 eligible studies reporting associations between sleep quality and depression and/or anxiety after SCI or TBI were synthesized. The included studies were mostly cross-sectional and employed a range of subjective and objective measures of sleep quality. Poor subjective sleep quality and insomnia tended to be significantly associated with increased levels of depression and/or anxiety, but no such associations were reported when sleep quality was measured objectively. Two longitudinal studies observed worsening depressive symptoms over time were related to insomnia and persistent sleep complaints. Two interventional studies found that treating sleep problems improved symptoms of depression and anxiety. The findings of this review suggest that sleep and psychopathology are related in persons with neurotraumatic injuries. This has important therapeutic implications, because individuals may benefit from therapy targeting both sleep and psychological issues. More longitudinal and interventional studies are warranted to further understand the direction and strength of the relationships and how they impact patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisha Saravanan
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luke Downey
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abbey Sawyer
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melinda L Jackson
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayon, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Berlowitz
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marnie Graco
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Zuo M, Wang Z, Li W, Chen S, Yuan Y, Yang Y, Mao Q, Liu Y. Causal effects of potential risk factors on postpartum depression: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1275834. [PMID: 38173707 PMCID: PMC10761415 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1275834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Postpartum depression (PPD) is a type of depressive episode related to parents after childbirth, which causes a variety of symptoms not only for parents but also affects the development of children. The causal relationship between potential risk factors and PPD remains comprehensively elucidated. Methods Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) analysis was conducted to screen the heritability of each instrumental variant (IV) and to calculate the genetic correlations between effective causal factors and PPD. To search for the causal effect of multiple potential risk factors on the incidence of PPD, random effects of the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method were applied. Sensitivity analyses, including weighted median, MR-Egger regression, Cochrane's Q test, and MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO), were performed to detect potential Mendelian randomization (MR) assumption violations. Multivariable MR (MVMR) was conducted to control potential multicollinearity. Results A total of 40 potential risk factors were investigated in this study. LDSC regression analysis reported a significant genetic correlation of potential traits with PPD. MR analysis showed that higher body mass index (BMI) (Benjamini and Hochberg (BH) corrected p = 0.05), major depression (MD) (BH corrected p = 5.04E-19), and schizophrenia (SCZ) (BH corrected p = 1.64E-05) were associated with the increased risk of PPD, whereas increased age at first birth (BH corrected p = 2.11E-04), older age at first sexual intercourse (BH corrected p = 3.02E-15), increased average total household income before tax (BH corrected p = 4.57E-02), and increased years of schooling (BH corrected p = 1.47E-11) led to a decreased probability of PPD. MVMR analysis suggested that MD (p = 3.25E-08) and older age at first birth (p = 8.18E-04) were still associated with an increased risk of PPD. Conclusion In our MR study, we found multiple risk factors, including MD and younger age at first birth, to be deleterious causal risk factors for PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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17
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Sweetman A, Farrell S, Wallace DM, Crawford M. The effect of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia in people with comorbid insomnia and sleep apnoea: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13847. [PMID: 36872072 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Comorbid insomnia and sleep apnoea (COMISA) is a highly prevalent and debilitating sleep disorder. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBTi) may be an appropriate treatment for COMISA; however, no previous study has systematically reviewed and meta-analysed literature reporting on the effect of CBTi in people with COMISA. A systematic literature search was conducted across PsychINFO and PubMed (n = 295). In all, 27 full-text records were independently reviewed by at least two authors. Forward- and backward-chain referencing, and hand-searches were used to identify additional studies. Authors of potentially eligible studies were contacted to provide COMISA subgroup data. In total, 21 studies, including 14 independent samples of 1040 participants with COMISA were included. Downs and Black quality assessments were performed. A meta-analysis including nine primary studies measuring the Insomnia Severity Index indicated that CBTi is associated with a large improvement in insomnia severity (Hedges' g = -0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.35, -0.43). Subgroup meta-analyses indicated that CBTi is effective in samples with untreated obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) (five studies, Hedges' g = -1.19, 95% CI -1.77, -0.61) and treated OSA (four studies, Hedges' g = -0.55, 95% CI -0.75, -0.35). Publication bias was evaluated by examining the Funnel plot (Egger's regression p = 0.78). Implementation programmes are required to embed COMISA management pathways in sleep clinics worldwide that currently specialise in the management of OSA alone. Future research should investigate and refine CBTi interventions in people with COMISA, including identifying the most effective CBTi components, adaptations, and developing personalised management approaches for this highly prevalent and debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sweetman
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Seamas Farrell
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Douglas M Wallace
- Department of Neurology, Sleep Medicine Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Neurology Service, Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Megan Crawford
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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18
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Mei J, Wang Y, Song X, Xie XH, Wang G, Chen C, Chen G, Liu Z. The needle in the haystack: Identifying and validating common genes of depression, insomnia, and inflammation. J Affect Disord 2023; 342:45-53. [PMID: 37657625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia, inflammation, and depression are often co-occurring conditions. The mechanisms underlying these conditions remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected microarray datasets of depression and insomnia from GEO and analyzed them for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We then overlapped the DEGs with a list of inflammatory response-related genes to identify genes associated with all three conditions. We next performed analyses of enrichment analyses, KEGG mapping, and protein-protein interaction to identify hub genes. Furthermore, we established a depression rat model with inflammation and insomnia to validate the potential genes. At last, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to confirm the association of identified target genes with depression outcomes. RESULTS We obtained 32 common DEGs associated with the depression, insomnia and inflammatory, and found that the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway might be involved in the inflammatory response in insomnia and depression. CREB1, CYBB, FYN, and CCR5 were identified as targets for the next validation. In model rats, the CCR5 and PI3K-AKT pathways were significantly up-regulated, while the model group exhibited significantly lower hippocampal p-CREB protein expression. The MR study suggested a potential causal relationship between CREB1 and the risk of depression (OR = 1.11, p = 0.013). LIMITATIONS The identified potential genes and pathways require further laboratory and clinical evidence verification. CONCLUSION We identified four potential inflammatory related-genes (CREB1, CYBB, FYN, and CCR5). CREB1 may be a potential inflammatory response-related biomarker and drug target for depression and insomnia, as validated by the followed rat model and MR study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Mei
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Rd, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Rd, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xinhua Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Rd, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xin-Hui Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Rd, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan First Hospital, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan First Hospital, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohua Chen
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan First Hospital, No. 215 Zhongshan Road, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Rd, Wuhan 430060, China; Taikang center for life and medical sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, PR China.
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19
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Shuai J, Gao M, Zou Q, He Y. Association between vitamin D, depression, and sleep health in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys: a mediation analysis. Nutr Neurosci 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37962262 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2279363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the association between vitamin D and sleep health and to investigate whether depression could mediate this relationship. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was performed using the 2005-2014 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. The logistic regression models were conducted to evaluate association of serum vitamin D concentrations with sleep health and depression. Mediation analyses were conducted to investigate the mediated effects of depression on the association of vitamin D with sleep health. RESULTS In multivariate logistic models, vitamin D was found to be negatively associated with an increased risk of poor sleep health, with an odds ratio (OR) of vitamin D deficiency versus sufficiency was 1.256 (95% CI = 1.084-1.455). Additionally, univariate logistic models showed that vitamin D was also negatively associated with depression risk (vitamin D deficiency vs. sufficiency: OR = 1.699, 95% CI = (1.373-2.103). Further mediation analyses showed that the association of vitamin D with sleep health was mediated by depression, with the mediating effects of depression accounted for 44.56% of the total effects. CONCLUSION Vitamin D affects sleep health directly and indirectly through depression. The results suggest that interventions increasing intake of vitamin D should be prioritized to promote sleep health of persons with or at risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingliang Shuai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Gao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zou
- Medical Department, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Youming He
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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20
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Vos CF, Birkenhäger TK, Nolen WA, van den Broek WW, ter Hark SE, Schellekens AF, Verkes RJ, Janzing JG. The Relationship of Early Sleep Improvement With Response to Pharmacotherapy in Unipolar Psychotic Depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2023; 43:486-492. [PMID: 37930199 PMCID: PMC10662627 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since insomnia and depression are interrelated, improved sleep early in antidepressant pharmacotherapy may predict a positive treatment outcome. We investigated whether early insomnia improvement (EII) predicted treatment outcome in psychotic depression (PD) and examined if there was an interaction effect between EII and treatment type to assess if findings were treatment-specific. METHODS This study is a secondary analysis of a randomized trial comparing 7 weeks treatment with the antidepressants venlafaxine, imipramine and venlafaxine plus the antipsychotic quetiapine in PD ( n = 114). Early insomnia improvement, defined as ≥20% reduced insomnia after 2 weeks, was assessed by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D-17). Associations between EII and treatment outcome were examined using logistic regressions. Subsequently, we added interaction terms between EII and treatment type to assess interaction effects. The predictive value of EII was compared with early response on overall depression (≥20% reduced HAM-D-17 score after 2 weeks). RESULTS EII was associated with response (odds ratio [OR], 7.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7-23.4; P = <0.001), remission of depression (OR, 6.1; 95% CI, 1.6-22.3; P = 0.009), and remission of psychosis (OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 1.6-10.9; P = 0.004). We found no interaction effects between EII and treatment type on depression outcome. Early insomnia improvement and early response on overall depression had a comparable predictive ability for treatment outcome. CONCLUSIONS Early insomnia improvement was associated with a positive outcome in pharmacotherapy of PD, regardless of the medication type. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings and to examine the generalizability of EII as predictor in treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis F. Vos
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom K. Birkenhäger
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Willem A. Nolen
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sophie E. ter Hark
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Arnt F.A. Schellekens
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Robbert-Jan Verkes
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost G.E. Janzing
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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21
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Sweetman A, Osman A, Lack L, Crawford M, Wallace D. Co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA): recent research and future directions. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2023; 29:567-573. [PMID: 37642477 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea have previously been viewed as completely independent conditions. However, there is now increasing recognition that insomnia and sleep apnea frequently co-occur. Co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA) is a highly prevalent condition that is associated with impairment of sleep, daytime function, mental health and physical health outcomes, and mortality risk. This review aims to provide an update on COMISA prevalence, consequences, treatment approaches, and future research directions. RECENT FINDINGS People with COMISA experience worse sleep, mental health, physical health, quality of life and longevity compared to people with neither condition, and often compared to those with insomnia alone and sleep apnea alone. Emerging evidence suggests that cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia is an effective treatment in the presence of treated and untreated sleep apnea, that may also improve manifestations and subsequent management of sleep apnea. Future research is required to understand the etiology of COMISA, and to develop and implement tailored treatment approaches. SUMMARY It is important for sleep and respiratory technicians, researchers and clinicians to be aware of the high co-morbidity rates, consequences, and treatment requirements of patients with co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sweetman
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, and FHRMI sleep health, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amal Osman
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, and FHRMI sleep health, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
| | - Leon Lack
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, and FHRMI sleep health, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
| | - Megan Crawford
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Douglas Wallace
- Department of Neurology, Sleep Medicine Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
- Neurology Service, Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA
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22
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Zhu Y, Wang F, Wang F, Liu H, Guo X, Wang Z, He R, Wu X, Cao L, Wu Z, Peng D, Fang Y. Program of algorithm for pharmacological treatment of major depressive disorder in China: Benefits or not? Heliyon 2023; 9:e20951. [PMID: 37920522 PMCID: PMC10618797 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This research was designed to investigate Algorithm Guided Treatment (AGT) and clinical traits for the prediction of antidepressant treatment outcomes in Chinese patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods This study included 581 patients who had reached treatment response and 406 patients remained non-responded observed after three months of treatment. Sociodemographic factors, clinical traits, and psychiatric rating scales for evaluating therapeutic responses between the two groups were compared. Logistic regression analysis was adopted to determine the risk factors of unresponsive to antidepressant (URA) in MDD. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was utilized to compare the therapeutic response between AGT and treatment as usual (TAU). Results Compared to the MDD responsive to antidepressant (RA) group, the URA group had significantly lower rates of the following clinical traits: married status, anxious distress, moderate to severe depressive symptoms, and higher rates of comorbidity (p-value < 0.05). Logistic Regression Analysis showed that eight clinical traits from psychiatric rating scales, such as anxious characteristics, were correlated positively with URA, while the other eight symptoms, such as autonomic symptoms, were negatively correlated. Time to symptomatic remission was longer in TAU without statistically significant (p-value = 0.11) by log-rank testing. Conclusions The factors may affect the therapeutic responses and compliance of patients, increasing the non-response risk for antidepressants. Therapeutic responses might be improved by increasing the clarification and elucidation of different symptom clusters of patients. Benefits on treatment response to AGT were not found in our study, indicating a one-size-fits-all approach may not work.Trial Registration: We registered as a clinical trial at the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (No. NCT01764867) and obtained ethical approval 2012-42 from SMHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncheng Zhu
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Hongkou Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200083, China
- Clinical Research Center, Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Shanghai Yangpu Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Clinical Research Center, Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiaoyun Guo
- Clinical Research Center, Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zuowei Wang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Hongkou Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200083, China
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Ruoqiao He
- School of Social Work, New York University, New York, 10003, USA
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Clinical Research Center, Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Lan Cao
- Clinical Research Center, Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zhiguo Wu
- Shanghai Yangpu Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Daihui Peng
- Clinical Research Center, Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yiru Fang
- Clinical Research Center, Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200083, China
- Department of Psychiatry & Affective Disorders Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 201108, China
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23
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Meaklim H, Meltzer LJ, Rehm IC, Junge MF, Monfries M, Kennedy GA, Bucks RS, Graco M, Jackson ML. Disseminating sleep education to graduate psychology programs online: a knowledge translation study to improve the management of insomnia. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad169. [PMID: 37327117 PMCID: PMC10566250 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Despite the negative impact of poor sleep on mental health, evidence-based insomnia management guidelines have not been translated into routine mental healthcare. Here, we evaluate a state-wide knowledge translation effort to disseminate sleep and insomnia education to graduate psychology programs online using the RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) evaluation framework. METHODS Using a non-randomized waitlist control design, graduate psychology students attended a validated 6-hour online sleep education workshop delivered live as part of their graduate psychology program in Victoria, Australia. Sleep knowledge, attitudes, and practice assessments were conducted pre- and post-program, with long-term feedback collected at 12 months. RESULTS Seven out of ten graduate psychology programs adopted the workshop (adoption rate = 70%). The workshop reached 313 graduate students, with a research participation rate of 81%. The workshop was effective at improving students' sleep knowledge and self-efficacy to manage sleep disturbances using cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), compared to the waitlist control with medium-to-large effect sizes (all p < .001). Implementation feedback was positive, with 96% of students rating the workshop as very good-to-excellent. Twelve-month maintenance data demonstrated that 83% of students had used the sleep knowledge/skills learned in the workshop in their clinical practice. However, more practical training is required to achieve CBT-I competency. CONCLUSIONS Online sleep education workshops can be scaled to deliver cost-effective foundational sleep training to graduate psychology students. This workshop will accelerate the translation of insomnia management guidelines into psychology practice to improve sleep and mental health outcomes nationwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey Meaklim
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa J Meltzer
- National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Nyxeos Consulting, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Imogen C Rehm
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Moira F Junge
- Sleep Health Foundation, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa Monfries
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Gerard A Kennedy
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, VIC, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- Schools of Psychological Science and Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Marnie Graco
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, VIC, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Melinda L Jackson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, VIC, Australia
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24
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Werner‐Seidler A, Li SH, Spanos S, Johnston L, O'Dea B, Torok M, Ritterband L, Newby JM, Mackinnon AJ, Christensen H. The effects of a sleep-focused smartphone application on insomnia and depressive symptoms: a randomised controlled trial and mediation analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:1324-1335. [PMID: 36991537 PMCID: PMC10952387 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of depression are increasing among adolescents. A novel way to reduce depression is by improving sleep. We evaluated whether an app-based intervention for insomnia improved sleep and depression, and whether changes in insomnia mediated changes in depression. METHODS We conducted a 2-arm single-blind randomised controlled trial at the Black Dog Institute in Australia. Adolescents 12-16 years experiencing insomnia symptoms were randomly allocated to receive Sleep Ninja, an app-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy program for insomnia, or to an active control group involving weekly text message sleep tips. Assessments took place at baseline, 6 weeks (post-intervention) and 14 weeks (post-baseline). Co-primary outcomes were symptoms of insomnia and depression at post-intervention (primary endpoint). Intent-to-treat analyses were conducted. The trial is registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, number ACTRN12619001462178. RESULTS Between October 25, 2019, and September 6, 2020, 264 participants were randomised to receive Sleep Ninja (n = 131) or to the control group (n = 133). Relative to the control group, those allocated to the intervention reported a greater reduction in insomnia symptoms at 6 weeks (95% CI: -2.96 to -0.41, d = .41) and 14 weeks (95% CI: -3.34 to -0.19, d = .39), and a greater reduction in depression symptoms at 6 weeks (95% CI: -3.46 to -0.56, d = .28) but not 14 weeks (p < 1). Change in insomnia mediated change in depression. No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS An app-delivered program for insomnia could be a practical, non-stigmatising and scalable way to reduce symptoms of insomnia and depression among adolescents experiencing difficulties getting enough good quality sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza Werner‐Seidler
- Black Dog InstituteUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Sophie H. Li
- Black Dog InstituteUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Samantha Spanos
- Australian Institute of Health InnovationMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Lara Johnston
- Black Dog InstituteUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Bridianne O'Dea
- Black Dog InstituteUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Michelle Torok
- Black Dog InstituteUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Lee Ritterband
- School of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Jill M. Newby
- Black Dog InstituteUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
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25
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Luo YJ, Ge J, Chen ZK, Liu ZL, Lazarus M, Qu WM, Huang ZL, Li YD. Ventral pallidal glutamatergic neurons regulate wakefulness and emotion through separated projections. iScience 2023; 26:107385. [PMID: 37609631 PMCID: PMC10440712 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Insomnia is often comorbid with depression, but the underlying neuronal circuit mechanism remains elusive. Recently, we reported that GABAergic ventral pallidum (VP) neurons control wakefulness associated with motivation. However, whether and how other subtypes of VP neurons regulate arousal and emotion are largely unknown. Here, we report glutamatergic VP (VPVglut2) neurons control wakefulness and depressive-like behaviors. Physiologically, the calcium activity of VPVglut2 neurons was increased during both NREM sleep-to-wake transitions and depressive/anxiety-like behaviors in mice. Functionally, activation of VPVglut2 neurons was sufficient to increase wakefulness and induce anxiety/depressive-like behaviors, whereas inhibition attenuated both. Dissection of the circuit revealed that separated projections of VPVglut2 neurons to the lateral hypothalamus and lateral habenula promote arousal and depressive-like behaviors, respectively. Our results demonstrate a subtype of VP neurons is responsible for wakefulness and emotion through separated projections, and may provide new lines for the intervention of insomnia and depression in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jing Ge
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ze-Ka Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zi-Long Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Michael Lazarus
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) and Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ya-Dong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201699, China
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26
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Boland EM, Goldschmied JR, Gehrman PR. Does insomnia treatment prevent depression? Sleep 2023; 46:zsad104. [PMID: 37029781 PMCID: PMC10262035 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rates of major depressive disorder (MDD) are increasing globally, in part due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, contributing to disease burden. It has long been known that insomnia is intricately connected with depression as indicated by greater depression severity and lower treatment response. Furthermore, insomnia is a significant risk factor for new-onset depression. Treatment of insomnia is thus a logical target for prevention of incidents and recurrent MDD. This systematic review sought to evaluate the current evidence for the preventive effects of insomnia treatment on depression onset. A database search yielded 186 studies, six of which met criteria for inclusion in this review. All of the studies utilized cognitive behavioral treatment for insomnia (CBT-I) as the target intervention and most delivered treatment via a digital platform. Four of the studies found significantly lower rates of MDD onset in those who received CBT-I compared to a control condition. The two remaining studies failed to confirm these effects in primary analyses but secondary analyses suggested evidence of a preventive effect. There was significant methodologic heterogeneity across studies in terms of sample selection, outcomes, and follow-up periods, limiting the ability to draw firm conclusions. The evidence overall is in the direction of insomnia treatment reducing the risk for onset of MDD, but further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M Boland
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cpl. Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Goldschmied
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip R Gehrman
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cpl. Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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27
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Subramanian S, Oughli HA, Gebara MA, Palanca BJA, Lenze EJ. Treatment-Resistant Late-Life Depression: A Review of Clinical Features, Neuropsychology, Neurobiology, and Treatment. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2023; 46:371-389. [PMID: 37149351 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Major depression is common in older adults (≥ 60 years of age), termed late-life depression (LLD). Up to 30% of these patients will have treatment-resistant late-life depression (TRLLD), defined as depression that persists despite two adequate antidepressant trials. TRLLD is challenging for clinicians, given several etiological factors (eg, neurocognitive conditions, medical comorbidities, anxiety, and sleep disruption). Proper assessment and management is critical, as individuals with TRLLD often present in medical settings and suffer from cognitive decline and other marks of accelerated aging. This article serves as an evidence-based guide for medical practitioners who encounter TRLLD in their practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Subramanian
- Department of Neurology, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Hanadi A Oughli
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marie Anne Gebara
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ben Julian A Palanca
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA; Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA; Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, USA; Neuroimaging Labs Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric J Lenze
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
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28
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Yin J, Gong R, Zhang M, Ding L, Shen T, Cai Y, He S, Peng D. Associations between sleep disturbance, inflammatory markers and depressive symptoms: Mediation analyses in a large NHANES community sample. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 126:110786. [PMID: 37178815 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Both depression and sleep disturbance have been linked to inflammation. However, the role that inflammation plays in the relationship between sleep disturbance and depression remains unclear. We examined pairwise associations between inflammatory markers (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR] and C-reactive protein level [CRP]), sleep disturbance, and depressive symptoms in a robust, ethnically diverse sample (n = 32,749) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We found higher levels of inflammatory markers in participants with depression and/or sleep disturbance compared to those without depression or sleep disturbance. Sleep disturbance was positively associated with inflammatory markers and depressive symptoms even after considering a wide range of potential confounders (e.g., age, sex, body mass index). Inflammatory marker levels were nonlinearly associated with depressive symptoms and were positively associated with depressive symptoms after reaching the inflection point (NLR, 1.67; CRP, 0.22 mg/dL). Inflammatory markers mediated a marginal portion (NLR, 0.0362%, p = 0.026; CRP, 0.0678%; p = 0.018) of the potential effects of sleep disturbance on depressive symptoms. Our research showed that inflammatory markers, sleep disturbance, and depression are pairwise correlated. Increased inflammatory markers levels slightly mediate the association between sleep disturbance and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Yin
- College of traditional Chinese medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Rongpeng Gong
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Shen
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyun Cai
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen He
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Daihui Peng
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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29
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Drinčić T, van Dalfsen JH, Kamphuis J, Jentsch MC, van Belkum SM, Meddens MJM, Penninx BWJH, Schoevers RA. The Relationship between Insomnia and the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder: An Evaluation of a Broad Selection of Serum and Urine Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098437. [PMID: 37176140 PMCID: PMC10179282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Insomnia exhibits a clinically relevant relationship with major depressive disorder (MDD). Increasing evidence suggests that insomnia is associated with neurobiological alterations that resemble the pathophysiology of MDD. However, research in a clinical population is limited. The present study, therefore, aimed to investigate the relationship between insomnia and the main pathophysiological mechanisms of MDD in a clinical sample of individuals with MDD. Data were extracted from three cohorts (N = 227) and included an evaluation of depression severity (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, QIDS-SR16) and insomnia severity (QIDS-SR16 insomnia items) as well as serum and urine assessments of 24 immunologic (e.g., tumour necrosis factor α receptor 2 and calprotectin), neurotrophic (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor and epidermal growth factor), neuroendocrine (e.g., cortisol and aldosterone), neuropeptide (i.e., substance P), and metabolic (e.g., leptin and acetyl-L-carnitine) biomarkers. Linear regression analyses evaluating the association between insomnia severity and biomarker levels were conducted with and without controlling for depression severity (M = 17.32), antidepressant use (18.9%), gender (59.0% female; 40.5% male), age (M = 42.04), and the cohort of origin. The results demonstrated no significant associations between insomnia severity and biomarker levels. In conclusion, for the included biomarkers, current findings reveal no contribution of insomnia to the clinical pathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Drinčić
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jens H van Dalfsen
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanine Kamphuis
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mike C Jentsch
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd M van Belkum
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (VUmc), De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A Schoevers
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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30
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Sun T, Zhang L, Liu Y, Wu S, Yang BX, Liu JF, Fang T, Gong X, Zhou SC, Luo D, Liu Z, Cai Z. The relationship between childhood trauma and insomnia among college students with major depressive disorder: Mediation by the role of negative life events and dysfunctional attitudes. Compr Psychiatry 2023; 122:152368. [PMID: 36739835 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia is a common problem among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). According to previous studies, the development and severity of Insomnia are influenced by childhood trauma experience. Furthermore, negative life events and dysfunctional attitudes may also mediate the impact. So, this study aimed to examine the association between childhood trauma, negative life events, dysfunctional attitudes and insomnia and investigate how negative life events and dysfunctional attitudes mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and insomnia in MDD. METHOD This cross-sectional study recruited 621 college students with MDD. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Life Event Scale (LES), Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Hamilton Depression Scale-17 (HAMD-17) were used to assess participants' psychosocial factors. Descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, t-test, Pearson correlations, and serial mediation analyses were used in data analysis. In order to eliminate the influence of the severity of depression symptoms, severity of depression symptoms was used as a control variable in this study. RESULTS There were 166 (26.7%) participants having clinical insomnia (ISI score > 14). After controlling for the effect of severity of depression symptoms, results of serial mediation analyses determined that childhood trauma has a direct (Estimate = 0.109, 95%CI: 0.023,0.190) and indirect (Estimate = 0.090, 95%CI: 0.054,0.137) impact to insomnia. The indirect impact of childhood trauma on insomnia through the pathways of negative life events alone (Estimate = 0.050, 95%CI: 0.024,0.093), dysfunctional attitudes alone (Estimate = 0.027, 95%CI: 0.008,0.050), and negative life events to dysfunctional attitudes (Estimate = 0.013, 95%CI: 0.006,0.024) were significant. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that screening for childhood trauma should be considered when treating insomnia in college students with MDD. Managing negative life events and dysfunctional attitudes may mitigate the negative impact of childhood trauma on insomnia in college students with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nursing, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuqin Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bing Xiang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Population and Health Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Fang Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Fang
- Dept. of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuan Gong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Si Chen Zhou
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Population and Health Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhongxiang Cai
- Department of Nursing, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Madrid-Valero JJ, Kirkpatrick RM, González-Javier F, Gregory AM, Ordoñana JR. Sex differences in sleep quality and psychological distress: Insights from a middle-aged twin sample from Spain. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13714. [PMID: 36054078 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is a moderate association between poor sleep and psychological distress. There are marked sex differences in the prevalence of both variables, with females outnumbering males. However, the origin of these sex differences remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to: (1) study genetic and environmental influences on the relationship between poor sleep quality and psychological distress; and (2) test possible sex differences in this relationship. The sample comprised 3544 participants from the Murcia Twin Registry. Univariate and multivariate twin models were fitted to estimate the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on both individual variance and covariance between poor sleep quality and psychological distress. Sleep quality and psychological distress were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the EuroQol five-dimensions questionnaire, respectively. The results reveal a strong genetic association between poor sleep quality and psychological distress, which accounts for 44% (95%CI: 27%-61%) of the association between these two variables. Substantial genetic (rA = 0.50; 95%CI: 0.32, 0.67) and non-shared environmental (rE = 0.41; 95%CI: 0.30, 0.52) correlations were also found, indicating a moderate overlap between genetic (and non-shared environmental) factors influencing both phenotypes. Equating sexes in sex-limitation models did not result in significant decreases in model fit. Despite the remarkable sex differences in the prevalence of both poor sleep quality and psychological distress, there were no sex differences in the genetic and environmental influences on these variables. This suggests that genetic factors play a similar role for men and women in explaining individual differences in both phenotypes and their relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Madrid-Valero
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, Spain
| | - Robert M Kirkpatrick
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | - Francisca González-Javier
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Spain.,Murcia Institute of Biomedical Research, IMIB-Arrixaca, Spain
| | - Alice M Gregory
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| | - Juan R Ordoñana
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Spain.,Murcia Institute of Biomedical Research, IMIB-Arrixaca, Spain
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Uccella S, Cordani R, Salfi F, Gorgoni M, Scarpelli S, Gemignani A, Geoffroy PA, De Gennaro L, Palagini L, Ferrara M, Nobili L. Sleep Deprivation and Insomnia in Adolescence: Implications for Mental Health. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040569. [PMID: 37190534 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep changes significantly throughout the human lifespan. Physiological modifications in sleep regulation, in common with many mammals (especially in the circadian rhythms), predispose adolescents to sleep loss until early adulthood. Adolescents are one-sixth of all human beings and are at high risk for mental diseases (particularly mood disorders) and self-injury. This has been attributed to the incredible number of changes occurring in a limited time window that encompasses rapid biological and psychosocial modifications, which predispose teens to at-risk behaviors. Adolescents’ sleep patterns have been investigated as a biunivocal cause for potential damaging conditions, in which insufficient sleep may be both a cause and a consequence of mental health problems. The recent COVID-19 pandemic in particular has made a detrimental contribution to many adolescents’ mental health and sleep quality. In this review, we aim to summarize the knowledge in the field and to explore implications for adolescents’ (and future adults’) mental and physical health, as well as to outline potential strategies of prevention.
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Jiang H, Zeng J, Wang L, Yang J, Wang P, Wang Z. Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical correlates of anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders in chaperones for children in the emergency department in China during COVID-19. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32828. [PMID: 36897715 PMCID: PMC9997196 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, Hubei Province, in 2019 and its rapid spread across the country caused severe public panic in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mental health problems of children's chaperones at the emergency clinic during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak and to analyze the related influencing factors. A total of 260 chaperones for children in the emergency department participated in this cross-sectional study through the questionnaire constellation platform. The survey period was from February to June 2021. Information collected included demographic data and mental health scales. The Self-Assessment Scale for Anxiety, the Self-Rating Scale for Depression, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index assessed anxiety, depression, and sleep quality, respectively. Logistic regression was used to analyze influential factors associated with mental health problems. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders among family members accompanying children attending the emergency room was 41.54%, 20.00%, and 93.08%, respectively, with 21.54% of family members suffering from moderate sleep disorders. Univariate analysis showed that being in Wuhan or not during the city closure (X2 = 8.61, P < .01) was strongly associated with the occurrence of depression; female (X2 = 4.87, P = .03), working or not (X2 = 6.39, P = .01) and fear of going to the hospital (X2 = 7.80, P = .01) were key factors for the occurrence of anxiety symptoms; Knowledge of transmission routes and prevention of COVID-19 (X2 = 12.56, P = .03) was a key factor for sleep disorders; logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that fear of going to the hospital was a risk factor for anxiety symptoms (odds ratio = 2.51, P < .01, 95% confidence interval = 1.30-4.85). Our findings suggest that mental health problems were prevalent among family members accompanying children attending the emergency department during the COVID-19 outbreak, with a high prevalence of sleep disturbances in particular. Relevant factors included presence or absence in Wuhan during the outbreak closure, gender, work or absence, and fear of hospital visits. There is a need to focus on the mental health distress of the chaperones for children in the emergency department, and to provide timely intervention and diversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlan Jiang
- Department of Nursing, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jili Zeng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nursing, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Nursing, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Nursing, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zaihua Wang
- Department of Nursing, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ryan AT, Brenner LA, Ulmer CS, Mackintosh MA, Greene CJ. The Use of Evaluation Panels During the Development of a Digital Intervention for Veterans Based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: Qualitative Evaluation Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e40104. [PMID: 36877553 PMCID: PMC10028512 DOI: 10.2196/40104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals enrolling in the Veterans Health Administration frequently report symptoms consistent with insomnia disorder. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a gold standard treatment for insomnia disorder. While the Veterans Health Administration has successfully implemented a large dissemination effort to train providers in CBT-I, the limited number of trained CBT-I providers continues to restrict the number of individuals who can receive CBT-I. Digital mental health intervention adaptations of CBT-I have been found to have similar efficacy as traditional CBT-I. To help address the unmet need for insomnia disorder treatment, the VA commissioned the creation of a freely available, internet-delivered digital mental health intervention adaptation of CBT-I known as Path to Better Sleep (PTBS). OBJECTIVE We aimed to describe the use of evaluation panels composed of veterans and spouses of veterans during the development of PTBS. Specifically, we report on the methods used to conduct the panels, the feedback they provided on elements of the course relevant to user engagement, and how their feedback influenced the design and content of PTBS. METHODS A communications firm was contracted to recruit 3 veteran (n=27) and 2 spouse of veteran (n=18) panels and convene them for three 1-hour meetings. Members of the VA team identified key questions for the panels, and the communications firm prepared facilitator guides to elicit feedback on these key questions. The guides provided a script for facilitators to follow while convening the panels. The panels were telephonically conducted, with visual content displayed via remote presentation software. The communications firm prepared reports summarizing the panelists' feedback during each panel meeting. The qualitative feedback described in these reports served as the raw material for this study. RESULTS The panel members provided markedly consistent feedback on several elements of PTBS, including recommendations to emphasize the efficacy of CBT-I techniques; clarify and simplify written content as much as possible; and ensure that content is consistent with the lived experiences of veterans. Their feedback was congruent with previous studies on the factors influencing user engagement with digital mental health interventions. Panelist feedback influenced multiple course design decisions, including reducing the effort required to use the course's sleep diary function, making written content more concise, and selecting veteran testimonial videos that emphasized the benefits of treating chronic insomnia symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The veteran and spouse evaluation panels provided useful feedback during the design of PTBS. This feedback was used to make concrete revisions and design decisions consistent with existing research on improving user engagement with digital mental health interventions. We believe that many of the key feedback messages provided by these evaluation panels could prove useful to other digital mental health intervention designers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Thomas Ryan
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center for Suicide Prevention, Department of Veterans Affairs, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lisa Anne Brenner
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center for Suicide Prevention, Department of Veterans Affairs, Aurora, CO, United States
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry, and Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Christi S Ulmer
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Margaret-Anne Mackintosh
- National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Dissemination and Training Division, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Carolyn J Greene
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Translational Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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Yamasaki S, Maeda T, Horiuchi T. Association between habitual hot spring bathing and depression in Japanese older adults: A retrospective study in Beppu. Complement Ther Med 2023; 72:102909. [PMID: 36526152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thermal therapy is used to manage various psychological diseases, such as depression. We investigated the relationship between hot spring bathing and depression in older adults using questionnaire responses. DESIGN AND SETTING We comprehensively evaluated the preventive effects of long-term hot spring bathing in 10429 adults aged ≥ 65 years in Beppu, Japan, by conducting a questionnaire study on the prevalence of depression (n = 219). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a multivariable logistic regression model for history of depression. RESULTS A separate multivariable logistic regression model for inference showed that female sex (OR, 1.56; 95 % CI, 1.17-2.08; p = 0.002), arrhythmia (OR, 1.73; 95 % CI, 1.18-2.52; p = 0.004), hyperlipidemia (OR, 1.63; 95 % CI, 1.14-2.32; p = 0.006), renal disease (OR, 2.26; 95 % CI, 1.36-3.75; p = 0.001), collagen disease (OR, 2.72; 95 % CI, 1.48-5.02; p = 0.001), allergy (OR, 1.97; 95 % CI, 1.27-3.04; p = 0.002), and habitual daily hot spring bathing (OR, 0.63; 95 % CI, 0.41-0.94; p = 0.027) were independently significantly associated with a history of depression. CONCLUSIONS We found an inverse relationship between habitual daily hot spring bathing and history of depression. Prospective randomized controlled trials on habitual daily hot spring bathing as a treatment for depression are warranted to investigate whether the use of hot springs can provide relief to those with psychiatric and mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yamasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan; Department of Hematology and Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - T Maeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - T Horiuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
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Moderating effects of PER3 gene DNA methylation on the association of sleep quality with mental health in Chinese young adults. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:716-722. [PMID: 36528137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor sleepers have a higher prevalence of mental health problems, and vice versa. However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unknown. We aimed to examine the bidirectional association between sleep quality and mental health, and further explore the moderating effects of PER3 gene DNA methylation on the association. METHODS This prospective longitudinal study was conducted from April 2019 to May 2021, integrated questionnaire and blood sample data from 2 universities in Anhui and Jiangxi Provinces. The current study recruited 1179 young adults at baseline and conducted the follow-up survey among 1135 half a year later. The sleep quality and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and stress symptoms were assessed using a questionnaire at baseline and follow-up. Blood samples were collected at baseline, and MethyTarget™ was used to detect the PER3 gene DNA methylation level. A cross-lag model was used to examine the bidirectional association between sleep quality and mental health. The PROCESS plug-in of SPSS software was used to analyse the moderating effects of PER3 gene DNA methylation. RESULTS Cross-lagged analyses suggested a significant bidirectional relationship between poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and stress symptoms. Sleep quality at baseline was a significant predictor of depressive symptoms (β = 0.344, P < 0.001), anxiety symptoms (β = 0.348, P < 0.001), and stress symptoms (β = 0.324, P < 0.001) half a year later. Depressive symptoms (β = 0.049, P < 0.001), anxiety symptoms (β = 0.055, P < 0.001), and stress symptoms (β = 0.063, P < 0.001) at baseline were also significant predictors of poor sleep quality half a year later. Furthermore, PER3 gene DNA methylation has negative moderating effects between sleep quality at baseline and depressive symptoms (β = -11.706, P = 0.012), anxiety symptoms (β = -10.289, P = 0.019), and stress symptoms (β = -10.799, P = 0.024) half a year later and a sex difference. Among boys, PER3 gene DNA methylation has positive moderating effects between anxiety symptoms at baseline and sleep quality (β = 3.337, P = 0.018) half a year later. However, there was no association between mental health at baseline and sleep quality half a year later among girls. CONCLUSION Bidirectional relationships were identified between sleep quality and mental health among Chinese young adults during the study period. DNA methylation evidence supports a negative moderating effect of PER3 gene DNA methylation on the relationship between sleep quality at baseline and mental health half a year later and had sex differences. Among boys, PER3 gene DNA methylation had positive moderating effects between anxiety symptoms at baseline and sleep quality half a year later. These findings point to the importance of circadian clock gene DNA methylation in the relationship between sleep quality and mental health.
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Pu Z, Hou Q, Yan H, Lin Y, Guo Z. Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and agomelatine on sleep quality and biomarkers of adult patients with mild to moderate depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:55-61. [PMID: 36435397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild to moderate depressive disorder (DD), which accounts for much larger patient population, has been largely neglected in previous studies exploring the sleep quality of DD patients; in addition, most of these patients had comorbid insomnia. Thus, this study aimed to explore the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and agomelatine on sleep quality of adult patients with mild to moderate DD. METHODS 100 participants were randomly divided into high-frequency rTMS group and sham rTMS group (n = 50 each). All patients were administered agomelatine simultaneously. Hamilton Depression Scale-17 Items (HAMD-17), Pittsburgh Sleep Index (PSQI), and polysomnography were used to evaluate the efficacy. Serum norepinephrine (NE), 5-hydroxytryptamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and melatonin were also determined. RESULTS The HAMD-17 and PSQI scores in high-frequency rTMS group were lower than those in sham rTMS group at the 4th and 8th weekend after treatment (P < 0.05). Post-treatment total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and N3 percentage in high-frequency rTMS group were better than those in sham rTMS group (P < 0.05); while post-treatment sleep latency, awakening time, micro-awakening times, and N1 percentage were significantly less than those in sham rTMS group (P < 0.01). Post-treatment serum levels of NE and BDNF in high-frequency rTMS group were higher than those in sham rTMS group (P < 0.05). LIMITATIONS Small sample size and short follow-up duration. CONCLUSION The combination of high-frequency rTMS and agomelatine is effective in the treatment of mild to moderate DD, which can improve the sleep quality and increase the levels of some neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengping Pu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangci Hospital of Jiaxing, Tongxiang 314500, Zhejiang, China; Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xuhui 200030, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qingmei Hou
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Second Specialized Hospital of Hegang, Hegang 154102, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Tiantai 317200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangci Hospital of Jiaxing, Tongxiang 314500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zilei Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangci Hospital of Jiaxing, Tongxiang 314500, Zhejiang, China
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Zhang L, Deng Y, Hui R, Tang Y, Yu S, Li Y, Hu Y, Li N. The effects of acupuncture on clinical efficacy and steady-state visual evoked potentials in insomnia patients with emotional disorders: A randomized single-blind sham-controlled trial. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1053642. [PMID: 36742043 PMCID: PMC9889562 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1053642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to observe the clinical effects and brain electrical potential changes following acupuncture in the treatment of insomnia patients with mood disorders. Ninety patients with insomnia who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into the active acupuncture group (AA group, n = 44) and sham acupuncture group (SA group, n = 46) at a ratio of 1:1. The primary outcome was the total score of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the secondary outcomes were the total effective rate, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores, and values of steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP). The two groups received acupuncture or sham acupuncture 10 times (2 weeks). Finally, the total PSQI scores of the AA group and SA group were significantly different (p < 0.05) at 2 weeks (6.11 ± 2.33 vs. 10.37 ± 4.73), 6 weeks (6.27 ± 1.39 vs. 11.93 ± 3.07), 18 weeks (6.32 ± 2.84 vs. 11.78 ± 2.95) and 42 weeks (8.05 ± 3.14 vs. 12.54 ± 2.81). Further analysis found that AA group patients received acupuncture treatment at any age after the same effect (p > 0.05). The SAS and SDS scores of the AA group were also significantly different from those of the SA group at each assessment time point (p < 0.05). The total effective rate of the AA group was 81.82%, while that of the SA group was 30.43% (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the AA group and SA group only in the brain potential of the parietal lobe (F4), left temporal lobe (C3) and right temporal lobe (T8) (P > 0.05), but there was a significant difference between other brain regions (P < 0.05). In addition, correlation analysis showed that there was a certain positive correlation between the total PSQI score, SAS score, efficacy level, and SSVEP value in the AA group as follows: C4 and the total PSQI score (r = 0.595, P = 0.041), F3 and SAS score (r = 0.604, P = 0.037), FPz and efficiency level of the frontal lobe (r = 0.581, P = 0.048), and O2 and efficiency level of the occipital lobe (r = 0.704, P = 0.011). Therefore, acupuncture have a good clinical effect on patients with insomnia and emotional disorders and have a significant regulatory effect on abnormally excited brain potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leixiao Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanli Deng
- Sichuan Second Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruting Hui
- Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Siyi Yu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Li
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Youping Hu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Youping Hu ✉
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Ning Li ✉
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Price SN, Hamann HA, Halaby L, Trejo JI, Corella F, Weihs KL. Poor Subjective Sleep Quality Among Patients with Cancer and Comorbid Depression: An Opportunity to Inform Screening and Intervention. Behav Sleep Med 2023; 21:45-60. [PMID: 35098834 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2022.2033243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep disturbances are under-identified and under-treated in oncology settings, especially for underserved populations and those with psychiatric comorbidities. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of poor subjective sleep quality as well as clinical sleep recommendations among a socioeconomically and ethnically diverse population of patients with cancer referred for depression management. METHODS Participants were 140 adults with cancer who screened positive for depression through routine, practice-based assessment with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9 ≥ 8) and were referred to a study of collaborative care for depression. Demographics, clinical characteristics, subjective sleep quality, and sleep recommendations received were self-reported by patients prior to intervention. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), general health status was measured using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global-10, and depressive symptoms were measured using the PHQ-9. RESULTS Of 138 patients with complete data, 123 (89.1%) reported poor sleep quality, and 87 (63%) met the threshold for possible insomnia. The strongest correlates of poor subjective sleep were female gender (β = 0.19, p = .02), greater depressive symptom severity (β = 0.28, p = .001), and worse physical health (β = -0.19, p = .04). Of 118 patients reporting problems with sleep since their cancer diagnosis, 95 discussed the issue with a medical provider; medications were recommended most often (37; 38.9%); only 9 (9.5%) received recommendations for cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) or other CBT. CONCLUSIONS Patients with cancer seeking treatment for depression report very high rates of poor subjective sleep quality and insomnia, underscoring the importance of providing and referring to guideline-concordant sleep interventions in oncology supportive care contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Price
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Heidi A Hamann
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Departments of Family and Community Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Laila Halaby
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Juanita I Trejo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Fernanda Corella
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Karen L Weihs
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Departments of Family and Community Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Tao H, Zeng X, Hou M, Chen S, Shen J, Liao X, Zou C. Association of adverse childhood experiences and depression among medical students: the role of family functioning and insomnia. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1134631. [PMID: 37205075 PMCID: PMC10185847 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1134631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have explored the mechanisms linking adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to depression in medical students. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ACEs and depression through the serial mediation effect of family functioning and insomnia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 368 medical students from university in Chengdu in 2021. The participants were asked to complete four self-report questionnaires, including ACEs scale, the family APGAR index, the ISI and PHQ-9. Singe and serial mediation analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling by Mplus 8.3. Results ACEs had a significant direct effect on depression (β = 0.438, p < 0.001) and through three significantly indirect pathways: (1) through family functioning (β = 0.026, 95% CI: 0.007-0.060), accounting for 5.9% of the total effect; (2) through insomnia (β = 0.103, 95% CI: 0.011-0.187), accounting for 23.5% of the total effect; and (3) through the serial mediators involving in family functioning and insomnia (β = 0.038, 95% CI: 0.015-0.078), accounting for 8.7% of the total effect. The total indirect effect was 38.1%. Limitations This cross-sectional study prevented us from establishing causality. Conclusion This study highlights the role of family functioning and insomnia as serial mediators of the relationship between ACEs and depression. Findings help to elucidate the mechanism that underlines the pathway between ACEs and depression in medical students. These findings may indicate developing measures to strengthen family functioning and improve insomnia aiming to reduce depression in medical students with ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Tao
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- The Department of General Practice, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- The Department of General Practice, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Mutian Hou
- Psychological Research and Counseling Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanping Chen
- The Department of Geriatric Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Shen
- The Department of General Practice, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liao
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyang Liao, ; Chuan Zou,
| | - Chuan Zou
- The Department of General Practice, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyang Liao, ; Chuan Zou,
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Zhao J, Liu C, Zhang F, Zheng Z, Luo F, Xia J, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Tang J, Song Z, Li S, Xu K, Chen M, Jiang C, He C, Tang L, Hu Z, Gao D, Ren S. A paraventricular thalamus to central amygdala neural circuit modulates acute stress-induced heightened wakefulness. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111824. [PMID: 36516774 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heightened wakefulness in response to stressors is essential for survival but can also lead to sleep disorders like insomnia. The paraventricular thalamus (PVT) is both a critical thalamic area for wakefulness and a stress-sensitive brain region. However, whether the PVT and its neural circuitries are involved in controlling wakefulness in stress conditions remains unknown. Here, we find that PVT neurons projecting to the central amygdala (CeA) are activated by different stressors. These neurons are wakefulness-active and increase their activities upon sleep to wakefulness transitions. Optogenetic activation of the PVT-CeA circuit evokes transitions from sleep to wakefulness, whereas selectively silencing the activity of this circuit decreases time spent in wakefulness. Specifically, chemogenetic inhibition of CeA-projecting PVT neurons not only alleviates stress responses but also attenuates the acute stress-induced increase of wakefulness. Thus, our results demonstrate that the PVT-CeA circuit controls physiological wakefulness and modulates acute stress-induced heightened wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhao
- Department of Sleep and Psychology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; Department of Neurology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Department of Sleep and Psychology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400050, China
| | - Fenyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ziyi Zheng
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fenlan Luo
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jianxia Xia
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zehui Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jinxiang Tang
- Sleep and Psychology Center, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402760, China
| | - Zhenbo Song
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Kan Xu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mengting Chen
- Department of Sleep and Psychology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Chenggang Jiang
- Psychology Department, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Chao He
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Department of Neurology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Zhian Hu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing 400064, China.
| | - Dong Gao
- Department of Sleep and Psychology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
| | - Shuancheng Ren
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Army 953 Hospital, Army Medical University, Shigatse 857000, China.
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Starr LT, Washington KT, McPhillips MV, Pitzer K, Demiris G, Oliver DP. "It was terrible, I didn't sleep for two years": A mixed methods exploration of sleep and its effects among family caregivers of in-home hospice patients at end-of-life. Palliat Med 2022; 36:1504-1521. [PMID: 36151698 PMCID: PMC10168118 DOI: 10.1177/02692163221122956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to overnight caregiving demands; exacerbation of high rates of anxiety, depression, and distress; and inadequate support, millions of family caregivers of patients receiving in-home hospice are at risk of poor sleep and negative health effects. AIM To describe sleep experiences of family caregivers of in-home hospice patients and perceptions of these experiences on caregivers' wellbeing in the context of caregiver health and live-in status. DESIGN Developed using the Symptom Management Model, this mixed methods study featured a concurrent nested design prioritizing qualitative reflexive thematic analysis. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS About 47 family caregivers of in-home hospice patients from two randomized clinical trials (NCT03712410, NCT02929108) were interviewed (United States, 2021). Anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), quality-of-life (QOL) (CQLI-R), and self-rated health and energy were reported prior to interviews. RESULTS Qualitative analysis revealed three themes: compromised sleep quality, factors influencing sleep, effects of sleep. 72.5% of hospice family caregivers described "fair" or "poor" sleep quality, with "interrupted" sleep and frequent night-waking due to "on-call" "vigilance" and anxiety. Negative effects included exhaustion, mental and physical health decline, and reduced caregiver function. Live-in caregivers reported higher mean depression scores (8.4 vs 4.3, p = 0.08), higher mean anxiety scores (7.7 vs 3.3, p = 0.06), and lower mean QOL scores (24.8 vs 33.6, p < 0.001) than live-out caregivers. Anxiety, depression, and QOL worsened as self-reported caregiver sleep quality decreased. Few caregivers had adequate support. CONCLUSION End-of-life family caregivers experience disrupted sleep with negative effects and inadequate support. Clinicians must assess sleep, offer sleep interventions, and provide more supports to hospice family caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren T Starr
- NewCourtland Center for Transitions and Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karla T Washington
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Miranda V McPhillips
- NewCourtland Center for Transitions and Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyle Pitzer
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - George Demiris
- NewCourtland Center for Transitions and Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Debra Parker Oliver
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Goldfarb School of Nursing, Barnes Jewish College, St. Louis, MO, USA
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de Lang TA, Buyukcan-Tetik A, de Jong PJ, Lancel M, Eisma MC. Cross-Lagged Analyses of Prolonged Grief and Depression Symptoms with Insomnia Symptoms. Behav Ther 2022; 54:510-523. [PMID: 37088507 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged grief disorder, characterized by severe, persistent and disabling grief, has recently been added to the DSM-5-TR and ICD-11. Treatment for prolonged grief symptoms shows limited effectiveness. It has been suggested that prolonged grief symptoms exacerbate insomnia symptoms, whereas insomnia symptoms, in turn, may fuel prolonged grief symptoms. To help clarify if treating sleep disturbances may be a viable treatment option for prolonged grief disorder, we examined the proposed reciprocal relationship between symptoms of prolonged grief and insomnia. On three time points across 6-month intervals, 343 bereaved adults (88% female) completed questionnaires to assess prolonged grief, depression, and insomnia symptoms. We applied random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RICLPMs) to assess reciprocal within-person effects between prolonged grief and insomnia symptoms and, as a secondary aim, between depression and insomnia symptoms. Changes in insomnia symptoms predicted changes in prolonged grief symptoms but not vice versa. Additionally, changes in depression and insomnia symptoms showed a reciprocal relationship. Our results suggest that targeting insomnia symptoms after bereavement is a viable option for improving current treatments for prolonged grief disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marike Lancel
- University of Groningen; Centre of Expertise on Sleep and Psychiatry, GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Institute
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Insomnia in Outpatients with Major Depression-A Randomised Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195845. [PMID: 36233712 PMCID: PMC9570822 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this randomised controlled assessor-blinded trial was to examine the effect of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia on sleep variables and depressive symptomatology in outpatients with comorbid insomnia and moderate to severe depression. Forty-seven participants were randomized to receive one weekly session in 6 weeks of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia or treatment as usual. The intervention was a hybrid between individual and group treatment. Sleep scheduling could be especially challenging in a group format as patients with depression may need more support to adhere to the treatment recommendations. The primary outcome measure was the Insomnia Severity Index. Secondary measures were sleep diary data, the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Questionnaire, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and the World Health Organization Questionnaire for Quality of Life and polysomnography. Compared to treatment as usual, cognitive behavioural therapy significantly reduced the insomnia severity index (mean ISI 20.6 to 12.1, p = 0.001) and wake after sleep onset (mean 54.7 min to 19.0 min, p = 0.003) and increased sleep efficiency (mean SE 71.6 to 83.4, p = 0.006). Total sleep time and sleep onset latency were not significantly changed. The results were supported by analyses of the other rating scales and symptom dimensions. In conclusion, cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia as add-on to treatment as usual was effective for treating insomnia and depressive symptoms in a small sample of outpatients with insomnia and major depression. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02678702.
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Diaz S, Grigg-Damberger M. Eyes wide open: sleep disturbance, not melatonin, is the real issue to address for suicide risk. J Clin Sleep Med 2022; 18:2337-2338. [PMID: 35903945 PMCID: PMC9516571 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Diaz
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Reynolds AC, Lechat B, Melaku YA, Sansom K, Brown BWJ, Crowther ME, Wanstall S, Maddison KJ, Walsh JH, Straker L, Adams RJT, McArdle N, Eastwood PR. Shift work, clinically significant sleep disorders and mental health in a representative, cross-sectional sample of young working adults. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16255. [PMID: 36171220 PMCID: PMC9519578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental health conditions confer considerable global disease burden in young adults, who are also the highest demographic to work shifts, and of whom 20% meet criteria for a sleep disorder. We aimed to establish the relationship between the combined effect of shift work and sleep disorders, and mental health. The Raine Study is the only longitudinal, population-based birth cohort in the world with gold-standard, Level 1 measurement of sleep (polysomnography, PSG) collected in early adulthood. Participants (aged 22y) underwent in-laboratory PSG and completed detailed sleep questionnaires. Multivariable adjusted robust linear regression models were conducted to explore associations with anxiety (GAD7) and depression (PHQ9), adjusted for sex, health comorbidities, and work hours/week. Data were from 660 employed young adults (27.3% shift workers). At least one clinically significant sleep disorder was present in 18% of shift workers (day, evening and night shifts) and 21% of non-shift workers (p = 0.51); 80% were undiagnosed. Scores for anxiety and depression were not different between shift and non-shift workers (p = 0.29 and p = 0.82); but were higher in those with a sleep disorder than those without (Md(IQR) anxiety: 7.0(4.0-10.0) vs 4.0(1.0-6.0)), and depression: (9.0(5.0-13.0) vs 4.0(2.0-6.0)). Considering evening and night shift workers only (i.e. excluding day shift workers) revealed an interaction between shift work and sleep disorder status for anxiety (p = 0.021), but not depression (p = 0.96), with anxiety scores being highest in those shift workers with a sleep disorder (Md(IQR) 8.5(4.0-12.2). We have shown that clinical sleep disorders are common in young workers and are largely undiagnosed. Measures of mental health do not appear be different between shift and non-shift workers. These findings indicate that the identification and treatment of clinical sleep disorders should be prioritised for young workers as these sleep disorders, rather than shift work per se, are associated with poorer mental health. These negative mental health effects appear to be greatest in those who work evening and/or night shift and have a sleep disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Reynolds
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health), Flinders University, Mark Oliphant Building, 5 Laffer Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, 5039, Australia.
| | - Bastien Lechat
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health), Flinders University, Mark Oliphant Building, 5 Laffer Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, 5039, Australia
| | - Yohannes Adama Melaku
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health), Flinders University, Mark Oliphant Building, 5 Laffer Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, 5039, Australia
| | - Kelly Sansom
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Human Sciences, Centre for Sleep Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Brandon W J Brown
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health), Flinders University, Mark Oliphant Building, 5 Laffer Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, 5039, Australia
| | - Meagan E Crowther
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health), Flinders University, Mark Oliphant Building, 5 Laffer Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, 5039, Australia.,Appleton Institute, CQ University Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sian Wanstall
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health), Flinders University, Mark Oliphant Building, 5 Laffer Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, 5039, Australia
| | - Kathleen J Maddison
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Human Sciences, Centre for Sleep Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jennifer H Walsh
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Human Sciences, Centre for Sleep Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Leon Straker
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Robert J T Adams
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health), Flinders University, Mark Oliphant Building, 5 Laffer Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, 5039, Australia
| | - Nigel McArdle
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Human Sciences, Centre for Sleep Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter R Eastwood
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health), Flinders University, Mark Oliphant Building, 5 Laffer Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, 5039, Australia.,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, Australia
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Xu G, Li X, Xu C, Xie G, Liang J. Effect of insomnia in the major depressive disorder. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:341. [PMID: 36088310 PMCID: PMC9463721 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People with sleep problems are more likely to have mental disorders. This study aimed to assess the effect of insomnia on the prognosis of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods We divided the patients into three groups according to the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores. In addition, we compared the results of the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) scores. We evaluated the effect of insomnia at the 2nd, 4th, and 8th-week follow-up on the prognosis of MDD. Results Fifty-five patients between 19 and 58 years old, with a diagnosis of MDD via the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 (DSM-5). The ISI scores of the moderate and severe group decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the 2nd week compared to the baseline. The HAMD scores in all groups improved significantly in the 2nd week. Conclusions This study was inspired to assess insomnia as a comorbid disorder for patients with MDD, which may bring poor treatment consequences.
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Cassel M, Blom K, Gatzacis J, Renblad P, Kaldo V, Jernelöv S. Clinical feasibility of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia in a real-world mixed sample at a specialized psychiatric outpatient clinic. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:600. [PMID: 36085009 PMCID: PMC9461101 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A majority of psychiatric patients suffer from insomnia or insomnia-like problems. In addition to impairing quality of life, sleep problems can worsen psychiatric conditions, such as depression and anxiety, and can make treatment of various psychiatric conditions less successful. Several international guidelines recommend cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) as first line treatment. However, patients in psychiatric care are rarely offered this treatment, and there is a lack of studies evaluating the treatment in regular psychiatric settings. In this pilot study, we aimed to determine the clinical feasibility of a group-based CBT-I intervention in an outpatient clinical setting for patients with depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders and PTSD. We also aimed to investigate if symptoms of insomnia, depression and anxiety changed after CBT-I. METHODS Seventeen patients at an out-patient psychiatric clinic for mixed psychiatric problems of anxiety, affective disorders and PTSD, were enrolled in a six-week long group-based CBT-I intervention. Primary outcomes were pre-defined aspects of treatment feasibility. Secondary outcomes were changes in self-reported symptoms of insomnia severity, depression, and anxiety between pre - and post intervention. Assessment of insomnia severity was also performed 3 months after treatment. Feasibility data is reported descriptively, changes in continuous data from pre- to post-treatment were analysed with dependent t-tests. RESULTS All feasibility criteria were met; there were enough patients to sustain at least one group per semester (e.g., minimum 8), 88% of included patients attended the first session, mean of attended sessions was 4.9 of 6, and drop-out rate was 5.9%. Therapists, recruited from clinical staff, found the treatment manual credible, and possible to use at the clinic. Symptoms of insomnia decreased after treatment, as well as symptoms of depression and anxiety. CONCLUSION CBT-I could prove as a clinically feasible treatment option for insomnia in a psychiatric outpatient setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT05379244. Retrospectively registered 18/05/2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cassel
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Blom
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jannis Gatzacis
- grid.467087.a0000 0004 0442 1056Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Renblad
- grid.467087.a0000 0004 0442 1056Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viktor Kaldo
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.8148.50000 0001 2174 3522Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Susanna Jernelöv
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
AIMS To assess the association of sleep factors (sleep duration, trouble sleeping, sleep disorder) and combined sleep behaviours with the risk of clinically relevant depression (CRD). METHODS A total of 17 859 participants (8806 males and 9053 females) aged 20-79 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2014 waves were included. Sleep duration, trouble sleeping and sleep disorder were asked in the home by trained interviewers using the Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) system. The combined sleep behaviours were referred to as 'sleep patterns (healthy, intermediate and poor)', with a 'healthy sleep pattern' defined as sleeping 7-9 h per night with no self-reported trouble sleeping or sleep disorders. And intermediate and poor sleep patterns indicated 1 and 2-3 sleep problems, respectively. Weighted logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association of sleep factors and sleep patterns with the risk of depressive symptoms. RESULTS The total prevalence of CRD was 9.5% among the 17 859 participants analysed, with females having almost twice as frequency than males. Compared to normal sleep duration (7-9 h), both short and long sleep duration were linked with a higher risk of CRD (short sleep: OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.39-1.98; long sleep: OR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.93-3.92). The self-reported sleep complaints, whether trouble sleeping or sleep disorder, were significantly related with CRD (trouble sleeping: OR: 3.04, 95% CI: 2.59-3.56; sleep disorder: OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.44-2.34). Furthermore, the correlations appeared to be higher for individuals with poor sleep pattern (OR: 5.98, 95% CI: 4.91-7.29). CONCLUSIONS In this national representative survey, it was shown that there was a dose-response relationship between sleep patterns and CRD.
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The relationship between symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder and depression during therapy: A random intercept cross-lagged panel model. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2022; 76:101748. [PMID: 35738694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We know little about how symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression interact during psychological therapy. Although some previous research suggests that reductions in the severity of depression are driven by reductions in OCD, support for this conclusion is limited due to the exclusion of individuals with severe depression and limitations of the statistical approaches used. METHODS This study re-examined the interaction between symptoms of OCD and depression during therapy in a sample of 137 adults with a primary diagnosis of OCD and a full range of depression severity. All participants received a 12 to 16-week specialist residential treatment. Participants completed the Florida Obsessive Compulsive Inventory and Patient Health Questionnaire for depression weekly. The relationship between severity of OCD and depression was examined using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model. RESULTS Both cross-lagged paths were significant, with prior levels of OCD influencing subsequent levels of depression, and prior levels of depression influencing subsequent levels of OCD. LIMITATIONS The present study was conducted in a residential setting, meaning the findings may not generalise to outpatient settings characterised by less severe OCD and depression. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to previous findings, which suggest that the influence of OCD on depression is far greater than the reverse, our findings suggest that OCD and depression influence each other equally. As improvements in mood can help to improve symptoms of OCD, it appears important to target depression concurrently during treatment for OCD. This would be a new treatment target for improvement outcomes in OCD.
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