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Liu W, Li H, Kämpfe Nordström C, Danckwardt-Lillieström N, Agrawal S, Ladak HM, Rask-Andersen H. Immuno-surveillance and protection of the human cochlea. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1355785. [PMID: 38817543 PMCID: PMC11137295 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1355785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite its location near infection-prone areas, the human inner ear demonstrates remarkable resilience. This suggests that there are inherent instruments deterring the invasion and spread of pathogens into the inner ear. Here, we combined high-resolution light microscopy, super-resolution immunohistochemistry (SR-SIM) and synchrotron phase contrast imaging (SR-PCI) to identify the protection and barrier systems in the various parts of the human inner ear, focusing on the lateral wall, spiral ganglion, and endolymphatic sac. Materials and methods Light microscopy was conducted on mid-modiolar, semi-thin sections, after direct glutaraldehyde/osmium tetroxide fixation. The tonotopic locations were estimated using SR-PCI and 3D reconstruction in cadaveric specimens. The sections were analyzed for leucocyte and macrophage activity, and the results were correlated with immunohistochemistry using confocal microscopy and SR-SIM. Results Light microscopy revealed unprecedented preservation of cell anatomy and several macrophage-like cells that were localized in the cochlea. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated IBA1 cells frequently co-expressing MHC II in the spiral ganglion, nerve fibers, lateral wall, spiral limbus, and tympanic covering layer at all cochlear turns as well as in the endolymphatic sac. RNAscope assays revealed extensive expression of fractalkine gene transcripts in type I spiral ganglion cells. CD4 and CD8 cells occasionally surrounded blood vessels in the modiolus and lateral wall. TMEM119 and P2Y12 were not expressed, indicating that the cells labeled with IBA1 were not microglia. The round window niche, compact basilar membrane, and secondary spiral lamina may form protective shields in the cochlear base. Discussion The results suggest that the human cochlea is surveilled by dwelling and circulating immune cells. Resident and blood-borne macrophages may initiate protective immune responses via chemokine signaling in the lateral wall, spiral lamina, and spiral ganglion at different frequency locations. Synchrotron imaging revealed intriguing protective barriers in the base of the cochlea. The role of the endolymphatic sac in human inner ear innate and adaptive immunity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Kämpfe Nordström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Sumit Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Hanif M. Ladak
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Helge Rask-Andersen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Bovee S, Klump GM, Köppl C, Pyott SJ. The Stria Vascularis: Renewed Attention on a Key Player in Age-Related Hearing Loss. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5391. [PMID: 38791427 PMCID: PMC11121695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (HL), or presbycusis, is a complex and heterogeneous condition, affecting a significant portion of older adults and involving various interacting mechanisms. Metabolic presbycusis, a type of age-related HL, is characterized by the dysfunction of the stria vascularis, which is crucial for maintaining the endocochlear potential necessary for hearing. Although attention on metabolic presbycusis has waned in recent years, research continues to identify strial pathology as a key factor in age-related HL. This narrative review integrates past and recent research, bridging findings from animal models and human studies, to examine the contributions of the stria vascularis to age-related HL. It provides a brief overview of the structure and function of the stria vascularis and then examines mechanisms contributing to age-related strial dysfunction, including altered ion transport, changes in pigmentation, inflammatory responses, and vascular atrophy. Importantly, this review outlines the contribution of metabolic mechanisms to age-related HL, highlighting areas for future research. It emphasizes the complex interdependence of metabolic and sensorineural mechanisms in the pathology of age-related HL and highlights the importance of animal models in understanding the underlying mechanisms. The comprehensive and mechanistic investigation of all factors contributing to age-related HL, including cochlear metabolic dysfunction, remains crucial to identifying the underlying mechanisms and developing personalized, protective, and restorative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonny Bovee
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; (S.B.); (G.M.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Georg M. Klump
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; (S.B.); (G.M.K.); (C.K.)
- Cluster of Excellence “Hearing4all”, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christine Köppl
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; (S.B.); (G.M.K.); (C.K.)
- Cluster of Excellence “Hearing4all”, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sonja J. Pyott
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- The Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Qin T, So KKH, Hui CC, Sham MH. Ptch1 is essential for cochlear marginal cell differentiation and stria vascularis formation. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114083. [PMID: 38602877 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A common cause of deafness in humans is dysregulation of the endocochlear potential generated by the stria vascularis (SV). Thus, proper formation of the SV is critical for hearing. Using single-cell transcriptomics and a series of Shh signaling mutants, we discovered that the Shh receptor Patched1 (Ptch1) is essential for marginal cell (MC) differentiation and SV formation. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses revealed that the cochlear roof epithelium is already specified into discrete domains with distinctive gene expression profiles at embryonic day 14, with Gsc as a marker gene of the MC lineage. Ptch1 deficiency leads to defective specification of MC precursors along the cochlear basal-apical regions. We demonstrated that elevated Gli2 levels impede MC differentiation through sustaining Otx2 expression and maintaining the progenitor state of MC precursors. Our results uncover an early specification of cochlear non-sensory epithelial cells and establish a crucial role of the Ptch1-Gli2 axis in regulating the development of SV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Qin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Karl Kam Hei So
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chi-Chung Hui
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Mai Har Sham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Lucaciu SA, Leighton SE, Hauser A, Yee R, Laird DW. Diversity in connexin biology. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105263. [PMID: 37734551 PMCID: PMC10598745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 35 years ago the cell biology community was introduced to connexins as the subunit employed to assemble semicrystalline clusters of intercellular channels that had been well described morphologically as gap junctions. The decade that followed would see knowledge of the unexpectedly large 21-member human connexin family grow to reflect unique and overlapping expression patterns in all organ systems. While connexin biology initially focused on their role in constructing highly regulated intercellular channels, this was destined to change as discoveries revealed that connexin hemichannels at the cell surface had novel roles in many cell types, especially when considering connexin pathologies. Acceptance of connexins as having bifunctional channel properties was initially met with some resistance, which has given way in recent years to the premise that connexins have multifunctional properties. Depending on the connexin isoform and cell of origin, connexins have wide-ranging half-lives that vary from a couple of hours to the life expectancy of the cell. Diversity in connexin channel characteristics and molecular properties were further revealed by X-ray crystallography and single-particle cryo-EM. New avenues have seen connexins or connexin fragments playing roles in cell adhesion, tunneling nanotubes, extracellular vesicles, mitochondrial membranes, transcription regulation, and in other emerging cellular functions. These discoveries were largely linked to Cx43, which is prominent in most human organs. Here, we will review the evolution of knowledge on connexin expression in human adults and more recent evidence linking connexins to a highly diverse array of cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu A Lucaciu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie E Leighton
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra Hauser
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan Yee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dale W Laird
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Guven DC, Erul E, Kaygusuz Y, Akagunduz B, Kilickap S, De Luca R, Rizzo A. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related hearing loss: a systematic review and analysis of individual patient data. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:624. [PMID: 37819422 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08083-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are related to various immune-related adverse events (irAEs). However, the knowledge is limited with rare irAEs like hearing loss. Therefore, we evaluated the characteristics, presentation, and treatment of ICI-related hearing loss by reviewing the individual patient data from the previous studies. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of the Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase databases for studies published until 17 November 2022. The selected MeSH search terms were "hearing loss" OR "hearing impairment" OR "ototoxicity" OR "vestibular toxicity" OR "audiovestibular toxicity" AND "immune checkpoint inhibitor" OR "immunotherapy." RESULTS A total of 38 patients were included. Melanoma was the most frequent diagnosis (73.7%). The median time from ICI initiation to hearing loss development was 3 months. The hearing impairment was secondary to bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in 24 (68.6%) patients, and at least one other irAE accompanied the hearing loss in 24 patients. Hearing loss significantly improved in 45.7% of the patients. The overall response rate and disease control rate were 67.6% and 85.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION We observed that most cases of ICI-related hearing loss were reversible, observed in patients with melanoma, accompanied by other irAEs, and associated with a high response rate to ICIs. With the expanded use of ICIs in the earlier treatment lines and adjuvant settings, the number of survivors with ICI-related hearing loss is expected to increase. Further research is needed to define the true prevalence of ICI-related hearing loss, optimal diagnosis, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Can Guven
- Medical Oncology Clinic, Health Sciences University, Elazig City Hospital, Ulukent, 23280, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Enes Erul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yunus Kaygusuz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Baran Akagunduz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University Medical School, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Saadettin Kilickap
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Raffaele De Luca
- Department of Surgical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Di Oncologia Medica Per La Presa in Carico Globale del Paziente Oncologico "Don Tonino Bello," I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
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Doda D, Alonso Jimenez S, Rehrauer H, Carreño JF, Valsamides V, Di Santo S, Widmer HR, Edge A, Locher H, van der Valk WH, Zhang J, Koehler KR, Roccio M. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived inner ear organoids recapitulate otic development in vitro. Development 2023; 150:dev201865. [PMID: 37791525 PMCID: PMC10565253 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Our molecular understanding of the early stages of human inner ear development has been limited by the difficulty in accessing fetal samples at early gestational stages. As an alternative, previous studies have shown that inner ear morphogenesis can be partially recapitulated using induced pluripotent stem cells directed to differentiate into inner ear organoids (IEOs). Once validated and benchmarked, these systems could represent unique tools to complement and refine our understanding of human otic differentiation and model developmental defects. Here, we provide the first direct comparisons of the early human embryonic otocyst and fetal sensory organs with human IEOs. We use multiplexed immunostaining and single-cell RNA-sequencing to characterize IEOs at three key developmental steps, providing a new and unique signature of in vitro-derived otic placode, epithelium, neuroblasts and sensory epithelia. In parallel, we evaluate the expression and localization of crucial markers at these equivalent stages in human embryos. Together, our data indicate that the current state-of-the-art protocol enables the specification of bona fide otic tissue, supporting the further application of IEOs to inform inner ear biology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Doda
- Inner Ear Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), 8091 Zurich,Switzerland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Zurich (UZH), 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Alonso Jimenez
- Inner Ear Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), 8091 Zurich,Switzerland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Zurich (UZH), 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Rehrauer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Zurich (UZH), 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich (ETH Zurich and University of Zurich), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jose F. Carreño
- Inner Ear Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), 8091 Zurich,Switzerland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Zurich (UZH), 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich (ETH Zurich and University of Zurich), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Victoria Valsamides
- Inner Ear Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), 8091 Zurich,Switzerland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Zurich (UZH), 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Di Santo
- Program for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans R. Widmer
- Program for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Albert Edge
- Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Heiko Locher
- OtoBiology Leiden, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter H. van der Valk
- OtoBiology Leiden, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital,Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karl R. Koehler
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital,Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marta Roccio
- Inner Ear Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), 8091 Zurich,Switzerland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Zurich (UZH), 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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Hosoya M, Kitama T, Shimanuki MN, Nishiyama T, Oishi N, Okano H, Ozawa H. Distribution of macrophages in the developing cochlea of the common marmoset, a primate model animal. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1229414. [PMID: 37675123 PMCID: PMC10477578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1229414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Macrophages are essential immune cells in the cochlea that contribute to inflammation, tissue repair, and homeostasis. They also play an important role in local cochlear immunity. The developmental immigration and maturation of macrophages in the cochlea have been investigated and are considered essential for normal hearing acquisition. Most of our current knowledge regarding cochlear development is based on rodent models because of the ethical challenges of using human fetal samples for research. However, inter-species differences between rodents and humans have been reported. In this study, we used a primate animal model to investigate the distributions of macrophages in the developing cochlea. The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a small monkey species that inhabits the New World, was used as the model. Methods We investigated the distribution of macrophages in the developing cochlea of the common marmoset by performing immunohistochemical analyses of cochlear tissue from common marmoset embryos at different development stages. Results We revealed detailed distribution changes in the macrophages of a primate animal model cochlea. This observation indicates that most of the changes in the general distribution of macrophages were well preserved between rodents and this primate. The distribution changes observed in the common marmoset were also compatible with observations in the human fetus; although, observations in the human fetus are limited. Our observations in this study also revealed several differences between common marmosets and rodents. Conclusion The time course of immunological development and maturations established in this study will aid in the study of the primate-specific developmental biology of the inner ear. These observations may eventually lead to new therapeutic strategies for hearing loss in humans. In addition, understanding the immunological steady-state of the cochlea may help in the study of age- and genetic-induced hearing loss and in the design of regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hosoya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Kitama
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marie N. Shimanuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Nishiyama
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Oishi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ozawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Zou T, Neiswanger K, Feingold E, Foxman B, McNeil DW, Marazita ML, Shaffer JR. Potential risk factors and genetic variants associated with dental caries incidence in Appalachia using genome-wide survival analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS 2023; 14:19-33. [PMID: 37736056 PMCID: PMC10509536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify the potential risk factors and genetic variants associated with dental caries incidence using survival analysis. METHODS The Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia recruited and prospectively followed pregnant women and their children. A total of 909 children followed from birth for up to 7 years were included in this study. Annual intra-oral examinations were performed to assess dental caries experience including the approximate time to first caries incidence in the primary dentition. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations of time to first caries incidence with self-reported risk factors and 4.9 million genetic variants ascertained using a genome-wide genotyping array. RESULTS A total of 196 of 909 children (21.56%) had their first primary tooth caries event during follow-up. Household income, home water source, and mother's educational attainment were significantly associated with time to first caries incidence in the stepwise Cox model. The heritability (i.e., proportion of variance explained by genetics) of time to first caries was 0.54. Though no specific genetic variants were associated at the genome-wide significance level (P < 5E-8), we identified 14 loci at the suggestive significance level (5E-8 < P < 1E-5), some of which were located within or near genes with plausible biological functions in dental caries. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that household income, home water source, and mother's educational attainment are independent risk factors for dental caries incidence. We nominate several suggestive loci for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zou
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Katherine Neiswanger
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Betsy Foxman
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel W McNeil
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, College of Dentistry, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Sciences, School of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John R Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
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Hosoya M, Iwabu K, Kitama T, Nishiyama T, Oishi N, Okano H, Ozawa H. Development of cochlear spiral ligament fibrocytes of the common marmoset, a nonhuman model animal. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11789. [PMID: 37479821 PMCID: PMC10362005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Spiral ligament fibrocytes generate potassium gradients, which hair cells require to convert mechanical sound waves into electrical palsy. Together with the stria vascularis, they regulate endolymph electrolyte homeostasis. Developing spiral ligament fibrocytes and generating endocochlear potential with an appropriate endolymph ion composition are essential for hearing. Understanding spiral ligament fibrocyte development is useful for studying age-related and genetic hearing loss, as well as for regenerative therapy and cochlear immunology. Despite interspecies differences, most studies of cochlear development have been conducted in rodent models due to the difficulty of using human fetal samples. This study investigated the cochlear development of spiral ligament fibrocytes in a small New World monkey species, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). We examined the developmental expression of specific genes in spiral ligament fibrocytes, including those essential for the generation of endolymphatic potential. Our results showed that this animal model of spiral ligament fibrocyte development is similar to that of humans and is a suitable alternative for the analysis of human cochlear development. The time course established in this study will be useful for studying the primate-specific developmental biology of the inner ear, which may lead to novel treatment strategies for human hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hosoya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Kaho Iwabu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Kitama
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takanori Nishiyama
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naoki Oishi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama, 351-0193, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ozawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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10
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van der Valk WH, van Beelen ESA, Steinhart MR, Nist-Lund C, Osorio D, de Groot JCMJ, Sun L, van Benthem PPG, Koehler KR, Locher H. A single-cell level comparison of human inner ear organoids with the human cochlea and vestibular organs. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112623. [PMID: 37289589 PMCID: PMC10592453 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inner ear disorders are among the most common congenital abnormalities; however, current tissue culture models lack the cell type diversity to study these disorders and normal otic development. Here, we demonstrate the robustness of human pluripotent stem cell-derived inner ear organoids (IEOs) and evaluate cell type heterogeneity by single-cell transcriptomics. To validate our findings, we construct a single-cell atlas of human fetal and adult inner ear tissue. Our study identifies various cell types in the IEOs including periotic mesenchyme, type I and type II vestibular hair cells, and developing vestibular and cochlear epithelium. Many genes linked to congenital inner ear dysfunction are confirmed to be expressed in these cell types. Additional cell-cell communication analysis within IEOs and fetal tissue highlights the role of endothelial cells on the developing sensory epithelium. These findings provide insights into this organoid model and its potential applications in studying inner ear development and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter H van der Valk
- OtoBiology Leiden, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Edward S A van Beelen
- OtoBiology Leiden, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew R Steinhart
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Carl Nist-Lund
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel Osorio
- Research Computing, Department of Information Technology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John C M J de Groot
- OtoBiology Leiden, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Liang Sun
- Research Computing, Department of Information Technology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter Paul G van Benthem
- OtoBiology Leiden, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Karl R Koehler
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Heiko Locher
- OtoBiology Leiden, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
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11
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Koh JY, Affortit C, Ranum PT, West C, Walls WD, Yoshimura H, Shao JQ, Mostaert B, Smith RJH. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of stria vascularis cells in the adult Slc26a4 -/- mouse. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:133. [PMID: 37322474 PMCID: PMC10268361 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary pathological alterations of Pendred syndrome are endolymphatic pH acidification and luminal enlargement of the inner ear. However, the molecular contributions of specific cell types remain poorly characterized. Therefore, we aimed to identify pH regulators in pendrin-expressing cells that may contribute to the homeostasis of endolymph pH and define the cellular pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to the dysregulation of cochlear endolymph pH in Slc26a4-/- mice. METHODS We used single-cell RNA sequencing to identify both Slc26a4-expressing cells and Kcnj10-expressing cells in wild-type (WT, Slc26a4+/+) and Slc26a4-/- mice. Bioinformatic analysis of expression data confirmed marker genes defining the different cell types of the stria vascularis. In addition, specific findings were confirmed at the protein level by immunofluorescence. RESULTS We found that spindle cells, which express pendrin, contain extrinsic cellular components, a factor that enables cell-to-cell communication. In addition, the gene expression profile informed the pH of the spindle cells. Compared to WT, the transcriptional profiles in Slc26a4-/- mice showed downregulation of extracellular exosome-related genes in spindle cells. Immunofluorescence studies in spindle cells of Slc26a4-/- mice validated the increased expression of the exosome-related protein, annexin A1, and the clathrin-mediated endocytosis-related protein, adaptor protein 2. CONCLUSION Overall, cell isolation of stria vascularis from WT and Slc26a4-/- samples combined with cell type-specific transcriptomic analyses revealed pH-dependent alternations in spindle cells and intermediate cells, inspiring further studies into the dysfunctional role of stria vascularis cells in SLC26A4-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Koh
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Corentin Affortit
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Paul T Ranum
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cody West
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - William D Walls
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hidekane Yoshimura
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jian Q Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Brian Mostaert
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Richard J H Smith
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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12
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Doda D, Jimenez SA, Rehrauer H, Carre O JF, Valsamides V, Santo SD, Widmer HR, Edge A, Locher H, van der Valk W, Zhang J, Koehler KR, Roccio M. Human pluripotent stem cells-derived inner ear organoids recapitulate otic development in vitro. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.11.536448. [PMID: 37090562 PMCID: PMC10120641 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.11.536448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Our molecular understanding of the early stages of human inner ear development has been limited by the difficulty in accessing fetal samples at early gestational stages. As an alternative, previous studies have shown that inner ear morphogenesis can be partially recapitulated using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) directed to differentiate into Inner Ear Organoids (IEOs). Once validated and benchmarked, these systems could represent unique tools to complement and refine our understanding of human otic differentiation and model developmental defects. Here, we provide the first direct comparisons of the early human embryonic otocyst and human iPSC-derived IEOs. We use multiplexed immunostaining, and single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize IEOs at three key developmental steps, providing a new and unique signature of in vitro derived otic -placode, -epithelium, -neuroblasts, and -sensory epithelia. In parallel, we evaluate the expression and localization of critical markers at these equivalent stages in human embryos. We show that the placode derived in vitro (days 8-12) has similar marker expression to the developing otic placode of Carnegie Stage (CS) 11 embryos and subsequently (days 20-40) this gives rise to otic epithelia and neuroblasts comparable to the CS13 embryonic stage. Differentiation of sensory epithelia, including supporting cells and hair cells starts in vitro at days 50-60 of culture. The maturity of these cells is equivalent to vestibular sensory epithelia at week 10 or cochlear tissue at week 12 of development, before functional onset. Together, our data indicate that the current state-of-the-art protocol enables the specification of bona fide otic tissue, supporting the further application of IEOs to inform inner ear biology and disease.
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13
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Johns JD, Adadey SM, Hoa M. The role of the stria vascularis in neglected otologic disease. Hear Res 2023; 428:108682. [PMID: 36584545 PMCID: PMC9840708 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The stria vascularis (SV) has been shown to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of many diseases associated with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), including age-related hearing loss (ARHL), noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), hereditary hearing loss (HHL), and drug-induced hearing loss (DIHL), among others. There are a number of other disorders of hearing loss that may be relatively neglected due to being underrecognized, poorly understood, lacking robust diagnostic criteria or effective treatments. A few examples of these diseases include autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) and/or autoinflammatory inner ear disease (AID), Meniere's disease (MD), sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), and cytomegalovirus (CMV)-related hearing loss (CRHL). Although these diseases may often differ in etiology, there have been recent studies that support the involvement of the SV in the pathogenesis of many of these disorders. We strive to highlight a few prominent examples of these frequently neglected otologic diseases and illustrate the relevance of understanding SV composition, structure and function with regards to these disease processes. In this study, we review the physiology of the SV, lay out the importance of these neglected otologic diseases, highlight the current literature regarding the role of the SV in these disorders, and discuss the current strategies, both approved and investigational, for management of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dixon Johns
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Samuel M Adadey
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Michael Hoa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA; Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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14
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Moeinvaziri F, Zarkesh I, Pooyan P, Nunez DA, Baharvand H. Inner ear organoids: progress and outlook, with a focus on the vascularization. FEBS J 2022; 289:7368-7384. [PMID: 34331740 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The inner ear is a complex organ that encodes sound, motion, and orientation in space. Given the complexity of the inner ear, it is not surprising that treatments are relatively limited despite the fact that, in 2015, hearing loss was the fourth leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide. Inner ear organoid models are a promising tool to advance the study of multiple aspects of the inner ear to aid the development of new treatments and validate drug-based therapies. The blood supply of the inner ear plays a pivotal role in growth, maturation, and survival of inner ear tissues and their physiological functions. This vasculature cannot be ignored in order to achieve a truly in vivo-like model that mimics the microenvironment and niches of organ development. However, this aspect of organoid development has remained largely absent in the generation of inner ear organoids. The current review focuses on three-dimensional inner ear organoid and how recent technical progress in generating in vitro vasculature can enhance the next generation of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Moeinvaziri
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ibrahim Zarkesh
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paria Pooyan
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Desmond A Nunez
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Hosoya M, Kitama T, Iwabu K, Nishiyama T, Oishi N, Okano H, Ozawa H. Development of the stria vascularis in the common marmoset, a primate model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19811. [PMID: 36396805 PMCID: PMC9672111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stria vascularis is a structure that generates potassium gradients in the cochlea, which is vital for hair cells to convert mechanical sound waves into electrical pulses. The precise development of the stria vascularis and subsequent generation of endocochlear potential are thus essential for hearing. Understanding the development of the stria vascularis is valuable for studying hearing loss caused by aging or genetics and designing regenerative therapy. Although inter-species differences have been reported between rodents and humans, most of our current knowledge regarding cochlear development has been obtained from rodent models because of the difficulty in using human fetal samples in this field of research. Therefore, we investigated the development of the cochlear stria vascularis in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a small monkey species native to the New World. Our study confirms that stria vascularis development in the common marmoset is similar to that in humans and is suitable for furthering our understanding of human cochlear development. The time course established in this report will aid in studying the primate-specific developmental biology of the inner ear, which could eventually lead to new treatment strategies for hearing loss in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hosoya
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Tsubasa Kitama
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Kaho Iwabu
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Takanori Nishiyama
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Naoki Oishi
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan ,grid.7597.c0000000094465255Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0193 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ozawa
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
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16
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Zhou X, Wang L, Jin F, Guo Y, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Ni X, Li W, Liu H. The prevalence and risk factors for congenital hearing loss in neonates: A birth cohort study based on CHALLENGE study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 162:111308. [PMID: 36116180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence and risk factors of congenital hearing loss (HL) in neonates based on China Longitudinal Environmental, Genetic, and Economic Cohort (CHALLENGE cohort). METHODS Maternal and neonatal data were collected based on the CHALLENGE cohort study from July 2018 to September 2020. Total 7287 neonates underwent the universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS). Babies who did not pass the initial screening and the rescreening were given the formal audiological diagnosis for possible HL. The data was analyzed to find out the prevalence and risk factors for congenital HL in this cohort study. RESULTS The prevalence of congenital HL was 3.43‰, and temporary HL was 0.07‰ (5 neonates). The statistical data showed that risk factors, including craniofacial anomalies, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, family history and advanced maternal age (AMA), could be associated with congenital HL. Additionally, exchange transfusion, assisted ventilation and NICU admission, these three factors could be associated with congenital sensorineural HL (SNHL). Risk factors including craniofacial anomalies, NICU admission, family history and AMA might be contributed to congenital conductive HL(CHL). CONCLUSION There were several common risk factors could be contributed to congenital HL, which were consistent with previous studies. However, some risk factors were no longer causing congenital HL due to the improvement of medical treatment and prenatal care. This study has not only helped explain the status quo of the prevalence of congenital HL in China but also laid foundation for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Miyun Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Feng Jin
- Shunyi Maternal and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital. Center of Genetics and Reproduction, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying Guo
- Royal National Ear, Nose, Throat & Eastman Dental Hospitals. London, United Kingdom.
| | - Yi Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- Shunyi Maternal and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital. Center of Genetics and Reproduction, Beijing, China.
| | - Yawei Zhang
- National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Ni
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Haihong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
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17
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Genetic insights, disease mechanisms, and biological therapeutics for Waardenburg syndrome. Gene Ther 2022; 29:479-497. [PMID: 33633356 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-021-00240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome (WS), also known as auditory-pigmentary syndrome, is the most common cause of syndromic hearing loss (HL), which accounts for approximately 2-5% of all patients with congenital hearing loss. WS is classified into four subtypes depending on the clinical phenotypes. Currently, pathogenic mutations of PAX3, MITF, SOX10, EDN3, EDNRB or SNAI2 are associated with different subtypes of WS. Although supportive techniques like hearing aids, cochlear implants, or other assistive listening devices can alleviate the HL symptom, there is no cure for WS to date. Recently major progress has been achieved in preclinical studies of genetic HL in animal models, including gene delivery and stem cell replacement therapies. This review focuses on the current understandings of pathogenic mechanisms and potential biological therapeutic approaches for HL in WS, providing strategies and directions for implementing WS biological therapies, as well as possible problems to be faced, in the future.
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18
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Renauld JM, Khan V, Basch ML. Intermediate Cells of Dual Embryonic Origin Follow a Basal to Apical Gradient of Ingression Into the Lateral Wall of the Cochlea. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:867153. [PMID: 35372344 PMCID: PMC8964366 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.867153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermediate cells of the stria vascularis are neural crest derived melanocytes. They are essential for the establishment of the endocochlear potential in the inner ear, which allows mechanosensory hair cells to transduce sound into nerve impulses. Despite their importance for normal hearing, how these cells develop and migrate to their position in the lateral wall of the cochlea has not been studied. We find that as early as E10.5 some Schwann cell precursors in the VIIIth ganglion begin to express melanocyte specific markers while neural crest derived melanoblasts migrate into the otic vesicle. Intermediate cells of both melanoblast and Schwann cell precursor origin ingress into the lateral wall of the cochlea starting at around E15.5 following a basal to apical gradient during embryonic development, and continue to proliferate postnatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine M Renauld
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Vibhuti Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Martín L Basch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, United States
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19
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Thulasiram MR, Ogier JM, Dabdoub A. Hearing Function, Degeneration, and Disease: Spotlight on the Stria Vascularis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:841708. [PMID: 35309932 PMCID: PMC8931286 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.841708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The stria vascularis (SV) is a highly vascularized tissue lining the lateral wall of the cochlea. The SV maintains cochlear fluid homeostasis, generating the endocochlear potential that is required for sound transduction. In addition, the SV acts as an important blood-labyrinth barrier, tightly regulating the passage of molecules from the blood into the cochlea. A healthy SV is therefore vital for hearing function. Degeneration of the SV is a leading cause of age-related hearing loss, and has been associated with several hearing disorders, including Norrie disease, Meniere's disease, Alport syndrome, Waardenburg syndrome, and Cytomegalovirus-induced hearing loss. Despite the SV's important role in hearing, there is still much that remains to be discovered, including cell-specific function within the SV, mechanisms of SV degeneration, and potential protective or regenerative therapies. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries elucidating the molecular regulatory networks of SV function, mechanisms underlying degeneration of the SV, and otoprotective strategies for preventing drug-induced SV damage. We also highlight recent clinical developments for treating SV-related hearing loss and discuss future research trajectories in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matsya R Thulasiram
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jacqueline M Ogier
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alain Dabdoub
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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20
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Langlie J, Finberg A, Bencie NB, Mittal J, Omidian H, Omidi Y, Mittal R, Eshraghi AA. Recent advancements in cell-based models for auditory disorders. BIOIMPACTS 2022; 12:155-169. [PMID: 35411298 PMCID: PMC8905588 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2022.23900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction: Cell-based models play an important role in understanding the pathophysiology and etiology of auditory disorders. For the auditory system, models have primarily focused on restoring inner and outer hair cells. However, they have largely underrepresented the surrounding structures and cells that support the function of the hair cells.
Methods: In this article, we will review recent advancements in the evolution of cell-based models of auditory disorders in their progression towards three dimensional (3D) models and organoids that more closely mimic the pathophysiology in vivo.
Results: With the elucidation of the molecular targets and transcription factors required to generate diverse cell lines of the components of inner ear, research is starting to progress from two dimensional (2D) models to a greater 3D approach. Of note, the 3D models of the inner ear, including organoids, are relatively new and emerging in the field. As 3D models of the inner ear continue to evolve in complexity, their role in modeling disease will grow as they bridge the gap between cell culture and in vivo models.
Conclusion: Using 3D cell models to understand the etiology and molecular mechanisms underlying auditory disorders holds great potential for developing more targeted and effective novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Langlie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ariel Finberg
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nathalie B. Bencie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Hossein Omidian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Adrien A. Eshraghi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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21
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Ooi TC, Ishak WS, Sharif R, Shahar S, Rajab NF, Singh DKA, Mukari SZMS. Multidimensional Risk Factors of Age-Related Hearing Loss Among Malaysian Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:2033-2046. [PMID: 34949916 PMCID: PMC8688829 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s340432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study evaluates the prevalence of and the multidimensional risk factors associated with age-related hearing loss (ARHL) among community-dwelling older adults in Malaysia. Patients and Methods A total of 253 participants aged 60 years and above participated in this cross-sectional study. The participants were subjected to pure tone audiometric assessment. The hearing threshold was calculated for the better ear and classified into pure-tone average (PTA) for the octave frequencies from 0.5 to 4 kHz and high-frequency pure-tone average (HFA) for the octave from 2 to 8kHz. Then, the risk factors associated with PTA hearing loss (HL) and HFAHL were identified by using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The prevalence of ARHL based on PTA and HFA among the community-dwelling older adults was 75.5% and 83.0%, respectively. Following multifactorial adjustments, being older (OR: 1.239; 95% CI: 1.062–1.445), having higher waist circumference (OR: 1.158; 95% CI: 1.015–1.322), lower intake of niacin (OR: 0.909; 95% CI: 0.831–0.988) and potassium (OR: 0.998; 95% CI: 0.996–1.000), and scoring lower in RAVLT T5 (OR: 0.905; 95% CI: 0.838–0.978) were identified as the risk factors of PTAHL. Meanwhile, being older (OR: 1.117; 95% CI: 1.003–1.244), higher intake of carbohydrate (OR: 1.018; 95% CI: 1.006–1.030), lower intake of potassium (OR: 0.998; 95% CI: 0.997–0.999), and lower scores on the RAVLT T5 (OR: 0.922; 95% CI: 0.874–0.973) were associated with increased risk of having HFAHL. Conclusion Increasing age, having higher waist circumference, lower intake of niacin and potassium, higher intake of carbohydrates and having lower RAVLT T5 score were associated with increased risk of ARHL. Modifying these risk factors may be beneficial in preventive and management strategies of ARHL among older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theng Choon Ooi
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - Wan Syafira Ishak
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - Razinah Sharif
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
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22
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Taukulis IA, Olszewski RT, Korrapati S, Fernandez KA, Boger ET, Fitzgerald TS, Morell RJ, Cunningham LL, Hoa M. Single-Cell RNA-Seq of Cisplatin-Treated Adult Stria Vascularis Identifies Cell Type-Specific Regulatory Networks and Novel Therapeutic Gene Targets. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:718241. [PMID: 34566577 PMCID: PMC8458580 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.718241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocochlear potential (EP) generated by the stria vascularis (SV) is necessary for hair cell mechanotransduction in the mammalian cochlea. We sought to create a model of EP dysfunction for the purposes of transcriptional analysis and treatment testing. By administering a single dose of cisplatin, a commonly prescribed cancer treatment drug with ototoxic side effects, to the adult mouse, we acutely disrupt EP generation. By combining these data with single cell RNA-sequencing findings, we identify transcriptional changes induced by cisplatin exposure, and by extension transcriptional changes accompanying EP reduction, in the major cell types of the SV. We use these data to identify gene regulatory networks unique to cisplatin treated SV, as well as the differentially expressed and druggable gene targets within those networks. Our results reconstruct transcriptional responses that occur in gene expression on the cellular level while identifying possible targets for interventions not only in cisplatin ototoxicity but also in EP dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A. Taukulis
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rafal T. Olszewski
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Soumya Korrapati
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Katharine A. Fernandez
- Laboratory of Hearing Biology and Therapeutics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Erich T. Boger
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tracy S. Fitzgerald
- Mouse Auditory Testing Core Facility, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Robert J. Morell
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lisa L. Cunningham
- Laboratory of Hearing Biology and Therapeutics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael Hoa
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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23
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Wen J, Song J, Bai Y, Liu Y, Cai X, Mei L, Ma L, He C, Feng Y. A Model of Waardenburg Syndrome Using Patient-Derived iPSCs With a SOX10 Mutation Displays Compromised Maturation and Function of the Neural Crest That Involves Inner Ear Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720858. [PMID: 34426786 PMCID: PMC8379019 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder that is characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and abnormal pigmentation. SOX10 is one of its main pathogenicity genes. The generation of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is an efficient means to investigate the mechanisms of inherited human disease. In our work, we set up an iPSC line derived from a WS patient with SOX10 mutation and differentiated into neural crest cells (NCCs), a key cell type involved in inner ear development. Compared with control-derived iPSCs, the SOX10 mutant iPSCs showed significantly decreased efficiency of development and differentiation potential at the stage of NCCs. After that, we carried out high-throughput RNA-seq and evaluated the transcriptional misregulation at every stage. Transcriptome analysis of differentiated NCCs showed widespread gene expression alterations, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in gene ontology terms of neuron migration, skeletal system development, and multicellular organism development, indicating that SOX10 has a pivotal part in the differentiation of NCCs. It's worth noting that, a significant enrichment among the nominal DEGs for genes implicated in inner ear development was found, as well as several genes connected to the inner ear morphogenesis. Based on the protein-protein interaction network, we chose four candidate genes that could be regulated by SOX10 in inner ear development, namely, BMP2, LGR5, GBX2, and GATA3. In conclusion, SOX10 deficiency in this WS subject had a significant impact on the gene expression patterns throughout NCC development in the iPSC model. The DEGs most significantly enriched in inner ear development and morphogenesis may assist in identifying the underlying basis for the inner ear malformation in subjects with WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yijiang Bai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yalan Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinzhang Cai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingyun Mei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Chufeng He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
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24
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Moeinvaziri F, Shojaei A, Haghparast N, Yakhkeshi S, Nemati S, Hassani SN, Baharvand H. Towards maturation of human otic hair cell-like cells in pluripotent stem cell-derived organoid transplants. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 386:321-333. [PMID: 34319434 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human otic organoids generated from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) provide a promising platform for modeling, drug testing, and cell-based therapies of inner ear diseases. However, providing the appropriate niche that resembles inner ear development and its vasculature to generate otic organoids is less conspicuous. Here, we devised a strategy to enhance maturation of otic progenitor cells toward human hair cell-like cells (HCLCs) by assembling three-dimensional (3D) otic organoids that contain human PSC-derived otic cells, endothelial cells, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Heterotopic implantation of otic organoids, designated as grafted otic organoids (GOs), in ex ovo chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) stimulated maturation of the HCLCs. Functional analysis revealed the presence of voltage-gated potassium currents without detectable sodium currents in these cells in the GOs. Our results demonstrated that implantation of 3D heterotypic cell mixtures of otic organoids improved maturation of human HCLCs. This GO-derived HCLCs could be an attractive source for drug discovery and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Moeinvaziri
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shojaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Newsha Haghparast
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Yakhkeshi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadman Nemati
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Amir Al Momenin Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyedeh-Nafiseh Hassani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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Hosoya M, Fujioka M, Murayama AY, Ogawa K, Okano H, Ozawa H. Dynamic Spatiotemporal Expression Changes in Connexins of the Developing Primate's Cochlea. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071082. [PMID: 34356098 PMCID: PMC8307058 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexins are gap junction components that are essential for acquiring normal hearing ability. Up to 50% of congenital, autosomal-recessive, non-syndromic deafness can be attributed to variants in GJB2, the gene that encodes connexin 26. Gene therapies modifying the expression of connexins are a feasible treatment option for some patients with genetic hearing losses. However, the expression patterns of these proteins in the human fetus are not fully understood due to ethical concerns. Recently, the common marmoset was used as a primate animal model for the human fetus. In this study, we examined the expression patterns of connexin 26 and connexin 30 in the developing cochlea of this primate. Primate-specific spatiotemporal expression changes were revealed, which suggest the existence of primate-specific control of connexin expression patterns and specific functions of these gap junction proteins. Moreover, our results indicate that treatments for connexin-related hearing loss established in rodent models may not be appropriate for human patients, underscoring the importance of testing these treatments in primate models before applying them in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hosoya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.H.); (K.O.); (H.O.)
| | - Masato Fujioka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.H.); (K.O.); (H.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5363-3827
| | - Ayako Y. Murayama
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (A.Y.M.); (H.O.)
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ogawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.H.); (K.O.); (H.O.)
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (A.Y.M.); (H.O.)
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ozawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (M.H.); (K.O.); (H.O.)
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26
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Chen T, Rohacek AM, Caporizzo M, Nankali A, Smits JJ, Oostrik J, Lanting CP, Kücük E, Gilissen C, van de Kamp JM, Pennings RJE, Rakowiecki SM, Kaestner KH, Ohlemiller KK, Oghalai JS, Kremer H, Prosser BL, Epstein DJ. Cochlear supporting cells require GAS2 for cytoskeletal architecture and hearing. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1526-1540.e7. [PMID: 33964205 PMCID: PMC8137675 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, sound is detected by mechanosensory hair cells that are activated in response to vibrations at frequency-dependent positions along the cochlear duct. We demonstrate that inner ear supporting cells provide a structural framework for transmitting sound energy through the cochlear partition. Humans and mice with mutations in GAS2, encoding a cytoskeletal regulatory protein, exhibit hearing loss due to disorganization and destabilization of microtubule bundles in pillar and Deiters' cells, two types of inner ear supporting cells with unique cytoskeletal specializations. Failure to maintain microtubule bundle integrity reduced supporting cell stiffness, which in turn altered cochlear micromechanics in Gas2 mutants. Vibratory responses to sound were measured in cochleae from live mice, revealing defects in the propagation and amplification of the traveling wave in Gas2 mutants. We propose that the microtubule bundling activity of GAS2 imparts supporting cells with mechanical properties for transmitting sound energy through the cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingfang Chen
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alex M Rohacek
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Caporizzo
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amir Nankali
- The Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeroen J Smits
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oostrik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis P Lanting
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erdi Kücük
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jiddeke M van de Kamp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald J E Pennings
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Staci M Rakowiecki
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin K Ohlemiller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John S Oghalai
- The Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hannie Kremer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin L Prosser
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas J Epstein
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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27
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Genedy R, Assal S, Gomaa A, Almakkawy B, Elariny A. Ocular and auditory abnormalities in patients with vitiligo: a case-control study. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 46:1058-1066. [PMID: 33763919 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is characterized by the destruction of functional melanocytes in the skin. This destruction can target melanocytes anywhere in the body, in turn affecting the function of the organs in which the affected melanocytes reside. Melanocytes in the skin, uveal tract and ear are similar in their physiology and morphology, and share a common embryological origin. AIM To study the association of vitiligo with ocular and auditory abnormalities. METHODS This case-control study was carried out on 40 patients with vitiligo and 20 healthy controls (HCs). All patients and HCs underwent auditory examination (otoscopic examination and immittance audiometry to assess middle ear pressure and exclude tympanic membrane perforation; pure tone audiometry to assess peripheral hearing sensitivity; and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions to assess central hearing ability) and standard ocular examination including visual acuity test, slit lamp biomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography. RESULTS Compared with controls, there was a significantly higher prevalence of hearing loss and ocular abnormalities in patients with vitiligo but no significant difference in visual acuity. CONCLUSION Vitiligo is a systemic disease that can be associated with impairment of melanocyte function organs other than the skin, including the eyes and ears. The function of auditory melanocytes is related to the hearing process and thus their destruction could lead to hearing impairment. By contrast, ocular melanocytes do not play a direct role in detection or transfer of visual information, and thus should not affect vision. Vitiligo may be associated with ocular abnormalities and hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Genedy
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - S Assal
- Audiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - A Gomaa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - B Almakkawy
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - A Elariny
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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28
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Gu S, Olszewski R, Nelson L, Gallego-Martinez A, Lopez-Escamez JA, Hoa M. Identification of Potential Meniere's Disease Targets in the Adult Stria Vascularis. Front Neurol 2021; 12:630561. [PMID: 33613436 PMCID: PMC7894210 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.630561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The stria vascularis generates the endocochlear potential and is involved in processes that underlie ionic homeostasis in the cochlear endolymph, both which play essential roles in hearing. The histological hallmark of Meniere's disease (MD) is endolymphatic hydrops, which refers to the bulging or expansion of the scala media, which is the endolymph-containing compartment of the cochlea. This histologic hallmark suggests that processes that disrupt ion homeostasis or potentially endocochlear potential may underlie MD. While treatments exist for vestibular symptoms related to MD, effective therapies for hearing fluctuation and hearing loss seen in MD remain elusive. Understanding the potential cell types involved in MD may inform the creation of disease mouse models and provide insight into underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. For these reasons, we compare published datasets related to MD in humans with our previously published adult mouse stria vascularis single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-Seq datasets to implicate potentially involved stria vascularis (SV) cell types in MD. Finally, we provide support for these implicated cell types by demonstrating co-expression of select candidate genes for MD within SV cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujun Gu
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rafal Olszewski
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lacey Nelson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alvaro Gallego-Martinez
- Otology and Neurotology Group CTS495, Department of Genomic Medicine, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/Universidad de Granada/Junta de Andalucía (GENYO), Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Lopez-Escamez
- Otology and Neurotology Group CTS495, Department of Genomic Medicine, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/Universidad de Granada/Junta de Andalucía (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Michael Hoa
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
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29
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Roccio M. Directed differentiation and direct reprogramming: Applying stem cell technologies to hearing research. Stem Cells 2020; 39:375-388. [PMID: 33378797 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most widely spread sensory disorder in our society. In the majority of cases, it is caused by the loss or malfunctioning of cells in the cochlea: the mechanosensory hair cells, which act as primary sound receptors, and the connecting auditory neurons of the spiral ganglion, which relay the signal to upper brain centers. In contrast to other vertebrates, where damage to the hearing organ can be repaired through the activity of resident cells, acting as tissue progenitors, in mammals, sensory cell damage or loss is irreversible. The understanding of gene and cellular functions, through analysis of different animal models, has helped to identify causes of disease and possible targets for hearing restoration. Translation of these findings to novel therapeutics is, however, hindered by the lack of cellular assays, based on human sensory cells, to evaluate the conservation of molecular pathways across species and the efficacy of novel therapeutic strategies. In the last decade, stem cell technologies enabled to generate human sensory cell types in vitro, providing novel tools to study human inner ear biology, model disease, and validate therapeutics. This review focuses specifically on two technologies: directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells and direct reprogramming of somatic cell types to sensory hair cells and neurons. Recent development in the field are discussed as well as how these tools could be implemented to become routinely adopted experimental models for hearing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Roccio
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Šimić G, Vukić V, Kopić J, Krsnik Ž, Hof PR. Molecules, Mechanisms, and Disorders of Self-Domestication: Keys for Understanding Emotional and Social Communication from an Evolutionary Perspective. Biomolecules 2020; 11:E2. [PMID: 33375093 PMCID: PMC7822183 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest hypothesis states that the phenotypic features of the domestication syndrome are due to a reduced number or disruption of neural crest cells (NCCs) migration, as these cells differentiate at their final destinations and proliferate into different tissues whose activity is reduced by domestication. Comparing the phenotypic characteristics of modern and prehistoric man, it is clear that during their recent evolutionary past, humans also went through a process of self-domestication with a simultaneous prolongation of the period of socialization. This has led to the development of social abilities and skills, especially language, as well as neoteny. Disorders of neural crest cell development and migration lead to many different conditions such as Waardenburg syndrome, Hirschsprung disease, fetal alcohol syndrome, DiGeorge and Treacher-Collins syndrome, for which the mechanisms are already relatively well-known. However, for others, such as Williams-Beuren syndrome and schizophrenia that have the characteristics of hyperdomestication, and autism spectrum disorders, and 7dupASD syndrome that have the characteristics of hypodomestication, much less is known. Thus, deciphering the biological determinants of disordered self-domestication has great potential for elucidating the normal and disturbed ontogenesis of humans, as well as for the understanding of evolution of mammals in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.V.); (J.K.); (Ž.K.)
| | - Vana Vukić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.V.); (J.K.); (Ž.K.)
| | - Janja Kopić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.V.); (J.K.); (Ž.K.)
| | - Željka Krsnik
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.V.); (J.K.); (Ž.K.)
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
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van der Valk WH, Steinhart MR, Zhang J, Koehler KR. Building inner ears: recent advances and future challenges for in vitro organoid systems. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:24-34. [PMID: 33318601 PMCID: PMC7853146 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While inner ear disorders are common, our ability to intervene and recover their sensory function is limited. In vitro models of the inner ear, like the organoid system, could aid in identifying new regenerative drugs and gene therapies. Here, we provide a perspective on the status of in vitro inner ear models and guidance on how to improve their applicability in translational research. We highlight the generation of inner ear cell types from pluripotent stem cells as a particularly promising focus of research. Several exciting recent studies have shown how the developmental signaling cues of embryonic and fetal development can be mimicked to differentiate stem cells into “inner ear organoids” containing otic progenitor cells, hair cells, and neurons. However, current differentiation protocols and our knowledge of embryonic and fetal inner ear development in general, have a bias toward the sensory epithelia of the inner ear. We propose that a more holistic view is needed to better model the inner ear in vitro. Moving forward, attention should be made to the broader diversity of neuroglial and mesenchymal cell types of the inner ear, and how they interact in space or time during development. With improved control of epithelial, neuroglial, and mesenchymal cell fate specification, inner ear organoids would have the ability to truly recapitulate neurosensory function and dysfunction. We conclude by discussing how single-cell atlases of the developing inner ear and technical innovations will be critical tools to advance inner ear organoid platforms for future pre-clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter H van der Valk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Matthew R Steinhart
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Karl R Koehler
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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32
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van Beelen ESA, van der Valk WH, de Groot JCMJ, Hensen EF, Locher H, van Benthem PPG. Migration and fate of vestibular melanocytes during the development of the human inner ear. Dev Neurobiol 2020; 80:411-432. [PMID: 33075185 PMCID: PMC7894185 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanocytes are present in various parts of the inner ear, including the stria vascularis in the cochlea and the dark cell areas in the vestibular organs, where they contribute to endolymph homeostasis. Developmental studies describing the distribution of vestibular melanocytes are scarce, especially in humans. In this study, we investigated the distribution and maturation of the vestibular melanocytes in relation to the developing dark cell epithelium in inner ear specimens from week 5 to week 14 of development and in surgical specimens of the adult ampulla. Vestibular melanocytes were located around the utricle and the ampullae of the semicircular canals before week 7 and were first seen underneath the transitional zones and dark cell areas between week 8 and week 10. At week 10, melanocytes made intimate contact with epithelial cells, interrupting the local basement membrane with their dendritic processes. At week 11, most melanocytes were positioned under the dark cell epithelia. No melanocytes were seen around or in the saccule during all investigated developmental stages. The dark cell areas gradually matured and showed an adult immunohistochemical profile of the characteristic ion transporter protein Na+/K+‐ATPase α1 by week 14. Furthermore, we investigated the expression of the migration‐related proteins ECAD, PCAD, KIT, and KITLG in melanocytes and dark cell epithelium. This is the first study to describe the spatiotemporal distribution of vestibular melanocytes during the human development and thereby contributes to understanding normal vestibular function and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying vestibular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward S A van Beelen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter H van der Valk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - John C M J de Groot
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Erik F Hensen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Heiko Locher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Paul G van Benthem
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Xu C, Ren W, Zhang Y, Zheng F, Zhao H, Shang H, Guo W, Yang S. KIT gene mutation causes deafness and hypopigmentation in Bama miniature pigs. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:5095-5107. [PMID: 33042408 PMCID: PMC7540160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a common syndromic hearing loss disease. A large group of patients affected by WS were found no mutations in the existed gene panel, indicating that there are still potential genes responsible for WS yet to be detected. In our previous study, we established an autosomal-dominant KIT (OMIM# 164920) mutation (c.2418T>A, p.Asp806Glu) pig pedigree which presented congenital bilateral severe sensorineural hearing loss and hypopigmentation, exact the same as human WS. Histological analysis showed nearly normal structures of the organ of Corti, stria vascularis (SV) and spiral neuron ganglions at E85. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) exhibited that hair cells started to degenerate at E100, and totally gone at P1. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed disorganization of SV and disappearance of intermediate cells. The absence of endocochlear potentials also demonstrated the dysfunction of stria. Our study demonstrated that KIT mutation (c.2418T>A, p.Asp806Glu) interrupted the development of melanocytes in cochlea, which led to SV malformation and dysfunction, resulting in degeneration of hair cells and finally hearing loss. Therefore, KIT was highly supposed to be a newly found gene associated with WS and be added to the WS related gene screening panel clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical SchoolNo. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesBeijing 100853, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of EducationBeijing 100853, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and TreatmentBeijing 100853, China
| | - Wei Ren
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical SchoolNo. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesBeijing 100853, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of EducationBeijing 100853, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and TreatmentBeijing 100853, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical SchoolNo. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesBeijing 100853, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of EducationBeijing 100853, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and TreatmentBeijing 100853, China
| | - Fanjun Zheng
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical SchoolNo. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesBeijing 100853, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of EducationBeijing 100853, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and TreatmentBeijing 100853, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical SchoolNo. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesBeijing 100853, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of EducationBeijing 100853, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and TreatmentBeijing 100853, China
| | - Haitao Shang
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical SchoolNo. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesBeijing 100853, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of EducationBeijing 100853, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and TreatmentBeijing 100853, China
| | - Shiming Yang
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical SchoolNo. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesBeijing 100853, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of EducationBeijing 100853, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and TreatmentBeijing 100853, China
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Božanić Urbančič N, Battelino S, Tesovnik T, Trebušak Podkrajšek K. The Importance of Early Genetic Diagnostics of Hearing Loss in Children. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:E471. [PMID: 32937936 PMCID: PMC7558651 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56090471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss is one of the most common sensory deficits. It carries severe medical and social consequences, and therefore, universal newborn hearing screening was introduced at the beginning of this century. Affected patients can have hearing loss as a solitary deficit (non-syndromic hearing loss) or have other organs affected as well (syndromic hearing loss). In around 60% of cases, congenital hearing loss has a genetic etiology, where disease-causing variants can change any component of the hearing pathway. Genetic testing is usually performed by sequencing. Sanger sequencing enables analysis of the limited number of genes strictly preselected according to the clinical presentation and the prevalence among the hearing loss patients. In contrast, next-generation sequencing allows broad analysis of the numerous genes related to hearing loss, exome, or the whole genome. Identification of the genetic etiology is possible, and it makes the foundation for the genetic counselling in the family. Furthermore, it enables the identification of the comorbidities that may need a referral for specialty care, allows early treatment, helps with identification of candidates for cochlear implant, appropriate aversive/protective management, and is the foundation for the development of novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Božanić Urbančič
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saba Battelino
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tine Tesovnik
- University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoriceva 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.T.); (K.T.P.)
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoriceva 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.T.); (K.T.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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35
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Zhang L, Wu X, Lin X. Gene therapy for genetic mutations affecting non-sensory cells in the cochlea. Hear Res 2020; 394:107858. [PMID: 31791650 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.107858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Congenital hearing loss (HL) affects about 1 in every 500 infants. Among those affected more than half are caused by genetic mutations. According to the cellular sites affected by mutations in the cochlea, deafness genes could be classified into three major groups: those affecting the function of hair cells and synapses, cochlear supporting cells, and cells in the stria vascularis (SV) as well as in the lateral wall. The second and third groups account for more than half of all sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) cases caused by genetic mutations. Current major treatment options for SNHL patients are hearing aids and cochlear implants (CIs). Hearing aids can only help patients with moderate to severe HL. Resolution of CIs is still improving and these devices are quite expensive especially when lifetime rehabilitation and maintenance costs are included. Tremendous efforts have been made to find novel treatments that are expected to restore hearing with higher-resolution and more natural quality, and to have a significantly lower cost over the lifetime of uses. Gene therapy studies have made impressive progresses in preclinical trials. This review focuses on deafness genes that affect supporting cells and cells in the SV of the cochlea. We will discuss recent progresses and remaining challenges for gene therapies targeting mutations in deafness genes belonging to this category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322-3030, USA
| | - Xuewen Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322-3030, USA
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322-3030, USA.
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36
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Transcript Profiles of Stria Vascularis in Models of Waardenburg Syndrome. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:2908182. [PMID: 32802035 PMCID: PMC7416267 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2908182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Waardenburg syndrome is an uncommon genetic condition characterized by at least some degree of congenital hearing loss and pigmentation deficiencies. However, the genetic pathway affecting the development of stria vascularis is not fully illustrated. Methods The transcript profile of stria vascularis of Waardenburg syndrome was studied using Mitf-M mutant pig and mice models. Therefore, GO analysis was performed to identify the differential gene expression caused by Mitf-M mutation. Results There were 113 genes in tyrosine metabolism, melanin formation, and ion transportations showed significant changes in pig models and 191 genes in mice models. In addition, there were some spice's specific gene changes in the stria vascularis in the mouse and porcine models. The expression of tight junction-associated genes, including Cadm1, Cldn11, Pcdh1, Pcdh19, and Cdh24 genes, were significantly higher in porcine models compared to mouse models. Vascular-related and ion channel-related genes in the stria vascularis were also shown significantly difference between the two species. The expression of Col2a1, Col3a1, Col11a1, and Col11a2 genes were higher, and the expression of Col8a2, Cd34, and Ncam genes were lower in the porcine models compared to mouse models. Conclusions Our data suggests that there is a significant difference on the gene expression and function between these two models.
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Hosoya M, Fujioka M, Murayama AY, Okano H, Ogawa K. The common marmoset as suitable nonhuman alternative for the analysis of primate cochlear development. FEBS J 2020; 288:325-353. [PMID: 32323465 PMCID: PMC7818239 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cochlear development is a complex process with precise spatiotemporal patterns. A detailed understanding of this process is important for studies of congenital hearing loss and regenerative medicine. However, much of our understanding of cochlear development is based on rodent models. Animal models that bridge the gap between humans and rodents are needed. In this study, we investigated the development of hearing organs in a small New World monkey species, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). We describe the general stages of cochlear development in comparison with those of humans and mice. Moreover, we examined more than 25 proteins involved in cochlear development and found that expression patterns were generally conserved between rodents and primates. However, several proteins involved in supporting cell processes and neuronal development exhibited interspecific expression differences. Human fetal samples for studies of primate‐specific cochlear development are extremely rare, especially for late developmental stages. Our results support the use of the common marmoset as an effective alternative for analyses of primate cochlear development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hosoya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Fujioka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Y Murayama
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ogawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Abitbol J, Beach R, Barr K, Esseltine J, Allman B, Laird D. Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in organotypic cochlear cultures occurs independent of gap junctional intercellular communication. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:342. [PMID: 32393745 PMCID: PMC7214471 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a very effective chemotherapeutic, but severe and permanent hearing loss remains a prevalent side effect. The processes underpinning cisplatin-induced ototoxicity are not well understood. Gap junction channels composed of connexin (Cx) subunits allow for the passage of small molecules and ions between contacting neighboring cells. These specialized channels have been postulated to enhance cisplatin-induced cell death by spreading “death signals” throughout the supporting cells of the organ of Corti. This study sought to investigate the role of Cx43 in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity using organotypic cochlear cultures from control and two Cx43-mutant mouse strains harboring either a moderate (Cx43I130T/+) or severe (Cx43G60S/+) reduction of Cx43 function. Cochlear cultures from Cx43-mutant mice with a severe reduction in Cx43-based gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) had an enhanced number of hair cells that were positive for cleaved caspase 3, a marker of active apoptosis, after cisplatin treatment. In cisplatin-treated organotypic cochlear cultures, there was a decrease in the co-localization of Cx26 and Cx30 compared with untreated cultures, suggesting that cisplatin causes reorganization of connexin composition in supporting cells. Both Cx26 and Cx30 protein expression as well as GJIC were decreased in organotypic cochlear cultures treated with the gap-junction blocker carbenoxolone. When cisplatin and carbenoxolone were co-administered, there were no differences in hair cell loss compared with cisplatin treatment alone. Using cisplatin-treated control and Cx43-ablated organ of Corti derived HEI-OC1 mouse cells, we found that greatly reducing GJIC led to preferential induction of an ER stress pathway. Taken together, this study strongly suggests that inhibition of GJIC in organ of Corti cells does not lead to differential susceptibility to cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Although cisplatin causes the same degree of cell death in gap junction competent and incompetent cochlear cells, the engagement of the mitochondrial dysregulation and ER stress differs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Abitbol
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Rianne Beach
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Kevin Barr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Jessica Esseltine
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Brian Allman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Dale Laird
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
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Beach R, Abitbol JM, Allman BL, Esseltine JL, Shao Q, Laird DW. GJB2 Mutations Linked to Hearing Loss Exhibit Differential Trafficking and Functional Defects as Revealed in Cochlear-Relevant Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:215. [PMID: 32300592 PMCID: PMC7142214 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GJB2 gene (that encodes Cx26) mutations are causal of hearing loss highlighting the importance of Cx26-based channel signaling amongst the supporting cells in the organ of Corti. While the majority of these GJB2 mutations are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, others are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and lead to syndromic hearing loss as well as skin diseases. To assess if common or divergent mechanisms are at the root of GJB2-linked hearing loss, we expressed several mutants in cochlear-relevant HEI-OC1 cells derived from the developing organ of Corti. Since supporting cells of the mature mammalian organ of Corti have negligible Cx43, but HEI-OC1 cells are rich in Cx43, we first used CRISPR-Cas9 to ablate endogenous Cx43, thus establishing a connexin-deficient platform for controlled reintroduction of hearing-relevant connexins and Cx26 mutants. We found three distinct outcomes and cellular phenotypes when hearing loss-linked Cx26 mutants were expressed in cochlear-relevant cells. The dominant syndromic Cx26 mutant N54K had trafficking defects and did not fully prevent wild-type Cx26 gap junction plaque formation but surprisingly formed gap junctions when co-expressed with Cx30. In contrast, the dominant syndromic S183F mutant formed gap junctions incapable of transferring dye and, as expected, co-localized in the same gap junctions as wild-type Cx26 and Cx30, but also gained the capacity to intermix with Cx43 within gap junctions. Both recessive non-syndromic Cx26 mutants (R32H and R184P) were retained in intracellular vesicles including early endosomes and did not co-localize with Cx30. As might be predicted, none of the Cx26 mutants prevented Cx43 gap junction plaque formation in Cx43-rich HEI-OC1 cells while Cx43-ablation had little effect on the expression of reference genes linked to auditory cell differentiation. We conclude from our studies in cochlear-relevant cells that the selected Cx26 mutants likely evoke hearing loss via three unique connexin defects that are independent of Cx43 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne Beach
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Julia M. Abitbol
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brian L. Allman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica L. Esseltine
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Qing Shao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Dale W. Laird
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Beckner ME. A roadmap for potassium buffering/dispersion via the glial network of the CNS. Neurochem Int 2020; 136:104727. [PMID: 32194142 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glia use multiple mechanisms to mediate potassium fluxes that support neuronal function. In addition to changes in potassium levels within synapses, these ions are dynamically dispersed through the interstitial parenchyma, perivascular spaces, leptomeninges, cerebrospinal fluid, choroid plexus, blood, vitreous, and endolymph. Neural circuits drive diversity in the glia that buffer potassium and this is reciprocal. Glia mediate buffering of potassium locally at glial-neuronal interfaces and via widespread networked connections. Control of potassium levels in the central nervous system is mediated by mechanisms operating at various loci with complexity that is difficult to model. However, major components of networked glial buffering are known. The role that potassium buffering plays in homeostasis of the CNS underlies some pathologic phenomena. An overview of potassium fluxes in the CNS is relevant for understanding consequences of pathogenic sequence variants in genes that encode potassium buffering proteins. Potassium flows in the CNS are described as follows: K1, the coordinated potassium fluxes within the astrocytic cradle around the synapse; K2, temporary storage of potassium within astrocytic processes in proposed microdomains; K3, potassium fluxes between oligodendrocytes and astrocytes; K4, potassium fluxes between astrocytes; K5, astrocytic potassium flux mediation of neurovasular coupling; K6, CSF delivery of potassium to perivascular spaces with dispersion to interstitial fluid between astrocytic endfeet; K7, astrocytic delivery of potassium to CSF and K8, choroid plexus (modified glia) regulation of potassium at the blood-CSF barrier. Components, mainly potassium channels, transporters, connexins and modulators, and the pathogenic sequence variants of their genes with the associated diseases are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Beckner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
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Lee S, Dondzillo A, Gubbels SP, Raphael Y. Practical aspects of inner ear gene delivery for research and clinical applications. Hear Res 2020; 394:107934. [PMID: 32204962 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.107934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The application of gene therapy is widely expanding in research and continuously improving in preparation for clinical applications. The inner ear is an attractive target for gene therapy for treating environmental and genetic diseases in both the auditory and vestibular systems. With the lack of spontaneous cochlear hair cell replacement, hair cell regeneration in adult mammals is among the most important goals of gene therapy. In addition, correcting gene defects can open up a new era for treating inner ear diseases. The relative isolation and small size of the inner ear dictate local administration routes and carefully calculated small volumes of reagents. In the current review, we will cover effective timing, injection routes and types of vectors for successful gene delivery to specific target cells within the inner ear. Differences between research purposes and clinical applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsu Lee
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anna Dondzillo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Samuel P Gubbels
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yehoash Raphael
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Chen K, Wang H, Lai Y. Kallmann Syndrome Due to Heterozygous Mutation in SOX10 Coexisting With Waardenburg Syndrome Type II: Case Report and Review of Literature. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:592831. [PMID: 33597923 PMCID: PMC7883637 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.592831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kallmann syndrome (KS) is idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with olfactory loss or decline. Waardenburg syndrome type II (WS2) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease, characterized by congenital sensorineural deafness and abnormal pigmentation of the iris, hair, and skin. Recently, mutations in the well-known WS pathogenic gene SOX10 have been found in some KS patients with deafness, but whether SOX10 is a co-pathogenic gene of KS and WS remains uncertain. Here, we report a rare case of KS and WS2 co-occurrence due to SOX10 mutations. METHODS Detailed histories were collected through questionnaires and physical examination. Blood samples of the patient and his family members were collected after obtaining informed consents. Suspected mutations were amplified and verified by Sanger sequencing after the next generation sequencing of related genes. The raw sequence data were compared to the known gene sequence data in publicly available sequence data bases using Burrows-Wheeler Aligner software (BWA, 0.7.12-r1039). RESULTS A 28-year-old male patient sought treatment for hypogonadism and the absence of secondary sexual characteristics. In addition, he showed signs of obesity, hyposmia, sensorineural hearing loss, and blue iris. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the olfactory bulb showed small bilateral olfactory bulbs and tracts and diaphragma cerebri. MRI of the pituitary gland revealed a flat pituitary gland in the sella. Laboratory examination demonstrated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, pituitary hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and the presence of insulin resistance with normal blood glucose levels. Sequencing of the SOX10 gene showed a 20 bp insertion in between coding bases 1,179 and 1,180 (c.1179_1180insACTATGGCTCAGCCTTCCCC). This results in a frame-shifting mutation of the 394th amino acid serine in exon4 with the resulting the amino acid sequence of the protein predicted to be TMAQPSP PSPAPSLTTL TISPQDPIMA TRARPLASTR PSPIWGPRSG PSTRPSLTPA PQGPSPTAPH TGSSQYIRHC PGPKGGPVAT TPRPAPAPSL CALFLAHLRP GGGSGGG*. CONCLUSION SOX10 plays an important role in some critical stages of neural crest cell development and SOX10 mutation may be a common pathogenic factor for both KS and WS. Therefore, SOX10 mutation analysis should be considered for KS patients with combined WS clinical manifestations, especially deafness.
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Korrapati S, Taukulis I, Olszewski R, Pyle M, Gu S, Singh R, Griffiths C, Martin D, Boger E, Morell RJ, Hoa M. Single Cell and Single Nucleus RNA-Seq Reveal Cellular Heterogeneity and Homeostatic Regulatory Networks in Adult Mouse Stria Vascularis. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:316. [PMID: 31920542 PMCID: PMC6933021 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The stria vascularis (SV) generates the endocochlear potential (EP) in the inner ear and is necessary for proper hair cell mechanotransduction and hearing. While channels belonging to SV cell types are known to play crucial roles in EP generation, relatively little is known about gene regulatory networks that underlie the ability of the SV to generate and maintain the EP. Using single cell and single nucleus RNA-sequencing, we identify and validate known and rare cell populations in the SV. Furthermore, we establish a basis for understanding molecular mechanisms underlying SV function by identifying potential gene regulatory networks as well as druggable gene targets. Finally, we associate known deafness genes with adult SV cell types. This work establishes a basis for dissecting the genetic mechanisms underlying the role of the SV in hearing and will serve as a basis for designing therapeutic approaches to hearing loss related to SV dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Korrapati
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ian Taukulis
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rafal Olszewski
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Madeline Pyle
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shoujun Gu
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Riya Singh
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Carla Griffiths
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daniel Martin
- Biomedical Research Informatics Office, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Erich Boger
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Robert J. Morell
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael Hoa
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Wu X, Zhang W, Li Y, Lin X. Structure and Function of Cochlear Gap Junctions and Implications for the Translation of Cochlear Gene Therapies. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:529. [PMID: 31827424 PMCID: PMC6892400 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins (Cxs) are ubiquitous membrane proteins that are found throughout vertebrate organs, acting as building blocks of the gap junctions (GJs) known to play vital roles in the normal function of many organs. Mutations in Cx genes (particularly GJB2, which encodes Cx26) cause approximately half of all cases of congenital hearing loss in newborns. Great progress has been made in understanding GJ function and the molecular mechanisms for the role of Cxs in the cochlea. Data reveal that multiple types of Cxs work together to ensure normal development and function of the cochlea. These findings include many aspects not proposed in the classic K+ recycling theory, such as the formation of normal cochlear morphology (e.g., the opening of the tunnel of Corti), the fine-tuning of the innervation of nerve fibers to the hair cells (HCs), the maturation of the ribbon synapses, and the initiation of the endocochlear potential (EP). New data, especially those collected from targeted modification of major Cx genes in the mouse cochlea, have demonstrated that Cx26 plays an essential role in the postnatal maturation of the cochlea. Studies also show that Cx26 and Cx30 assume very different roles in the EP generation, given that only Cx26 is required for normal hearing. This article will review our current understanding of the molecular structure, cellular distribution, and major functions of cochlear GJs. Potential implications of the knowledge of cochlear GJs on the design and implementation of translational studies of cochlear gene therapies for Cx mutations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head-Neck and Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yihui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Hospital of Traditional Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Shin SA, Lyu AR, Jeong SH, Kim TH, Park MJ, Park YH. Acoustic Trauma Modulates Cochlear Blood Flow and Vasoactive Factors in a Rodent Model of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215316. [PMID: 31731459 PMCID: PMC6862585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Noise exposure affects the organ of Corti and the lateral wall of the cochlea, including the stria vascularis and spiral ligament. Although the inner ear vasculature and spiral ligament fibrocytes in the lateral wall consist of a significant proportion of cells in the cochlea, relatively little is known regarding their functional significance. In this study, 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to noise trauma to induce transient hearing threshold shift (TTS) or permanent hearing threshold shift (PTS). Compared to mice with TTS, mice with PTS exhibited lower cochlear blood flow and lower vessel diameter in the stria vascularis, accompanied by reduced expression levels of genes involved in vasodilation and increased expression levels of genes related to vasoconstriction. Ultrastructural analyses by transmission electron microscopy revealed that the stria vascularis and spiral ligament fibrocytes were more damaged by PTS than by TTS. Moreover, mice with PTS expressed significantly higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the cochlea (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). Overall, our findings suggest that cochlear microcirculation and lateral wall pathologies are differentially modulated by the severity of acoustic trauma and are associated with changes in vasoactive factors and inflammatory responses in the cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ae Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-A.S.); (A.-R.L.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Ah-Ra Lyu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-A.S.); (A.-R.L.)
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Seong-Hun Jeong
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Tae Hwan Kim
- Biomedical Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Min Jung Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-A.S.); (A.-R.L.)
- Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.J.P.); (Y.-H.P.); Tel.: +82-42-280-7697(M.J.P.); Fax: +82-42-253-4059 (M.J.P.)
| | - Yong-Ho Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-A.S.); (A.-R.L.)
- Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.J.P.); (Y.-H.P.); Tel.: +82-42-280-7697(M.J.P.); Fax: +82-42-253-4059 (M.J.P.)
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Duinkerken CW, Rohaan MW, de Weger VA, Lohuis PJFM, Latenstein MN, Theunissen EAR, Balm AJM, Dreschler WA, Haanen JBAG, Zuur CL. Sensorineural Hearing Loss After Adoptive Cell Immunotherapy for Melanoma Using MART-1 Specific T Cells: A Case Report and Its Pathophysiology. Otol Neurotol 2019; 40:e674-e678. [PMID: 31295198 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000002332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To illustrate a case of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) after immunotherapy based on T cell receptor (TCR) gene therapy using modified T cells recognizing melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 for disseminated melanoma. PATIENT We present a 59-year-old woman with profound subacute bilateral SNHL including unilateral deafness after immunotherapy based on TCR gene therapy using modified T cells recognizing melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 for disseminated melanoma. Ten days after treatment, the patient developed hearing loss of 57 dB hearing loss air conduction at pure-tone average 0.5-1-2-4 kHz in the right ear, and >100 dB hearing loss air conduction at pure-tone average 0.5-1-2-4 in the left ear. The right ear recovered partially, while the left ear remained deaf, despite oral prednisolone (1.0 mg/kg) and salvage treatment with three transtympanic injections of 0.5 ml dexamethasone (4.0 mg/ml). CONCLUSION Based on our presented case and a vast amount of literature there is circumstantial evidence that TCR gene therapy for melanoma targets the perivascular macrophage-like melanocytes in the stria vascularis, resulting in SNHL. We suggest that SNHL after TCR gene therapy may be caused by a disruption of the blood-labyrinth-barrier and the endolymphatic potential and/or a sterile inflammation of the stria vascularis. In severe cases like our subject, we posit that endolymphatic hydrops or hair cell loss may cause irreversible and asymmetrical deafness. Steroid prophylaxis via transtympanic application is debatable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincent A de Weger
- Division of Pharmacology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J F M Lohuis
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery
| | | | | | - Alfons J M Balm
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery
| | - Wouter A Dreschler
- Department of Audiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Charlotte L Zuur
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery
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Gene expression dataset for whole cochlea of Macaca fascicularis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15554. [PMID: 30349143 PMCID: PMC6197234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33985-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macaca fascicularis is a highly advantageous model in which to study human cochlea with regard to both evolutionary proximity and physiological similarity of the auditory system. To better understand the properties of primate cochlear function, we analyzed the genes predominantly expressed in M. fascicularis cochlea. We compared the cochlear transcripts obtained from an adult male M. fascicularis by macaque and human GeneChip microarrays with those in multiple macaque and human tissues or cells and identified 344 genes with expression levels more than 2-fold greater than in the other tissues. These “cochlear signature genes” included 35 genes responsible for syndromic or nonsyndromic hereditary hearing loss. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed groups of genes categorized as “ear development” and “ear morphogenesis” in the top 20 gene ontology categories in the macaque and human arrays, respectively. This dataset will facilitate both the study of genes that contribute to primate cochlear function and provide insight to discover novel genes associated with hereditary hearing loss that have yet to be established using animal models.
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Liu W, Wang C, Yu H, Liu S, Yang J. Expression of acetylated tubulin in the postnatal developing mouse cochlea. Eur J Histochem 2018; 62. [PMID: 30088716 PMCID: PMC6119817 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2018.2942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are an essential component of the cytoskeleton of a eukaryotic cell. The post-translational tubulin modifications play an important role in regulating microtubule properties, acetylation tubulin is one of the major post-translational modifications of microtubules. Acetylation tubulin has also been shown to be expressed in the cochlea. However, the detailed expression profiles of acetylation tubulin protein during development have not yet been investigated in the postnatal mammalian cochlea. Here, we first examined the spatio-temporal expression of acetylated tubulin in the mouse cochlea during postnatal development. At postnatal day 1 (P1), acetylated tubulin was localized primarily to the auditory nerve inside the cochlea and their synaptic contacts with the inner and outer hair cells (IHCs and OHCs). In the organ of Corti, acetylated tubulin occurred first at the apex of pillar cells. At P5, acetylated tubulin first appeared in the phalangeal processes of Deiters’ cells. At P8, staining was maintained in the phalangeal processes of Deiters’ cells and neural elements. At P10, labeling in Deiters’ cells extended from the apices of OHCs to the basilar membrane, acetylated tubulin was expressed throughout the cytoplasm of inner and outer pillar cells. At P12, acetylated tubulin displayed prominent and homogeneous labeling along the full length of the pillar cells. Linear labeling was present mainly in the Deiters’ cell bodies underlying OHCs. Between P14 and P17, acetylated tubulin was strongly expressed in inner and outer pillar cells and Deiters’ cells in a similar pattern as observed in the adult, and labeling in these cells were arranged in bundles. In addition, acetylated tubulin was expressed in stria vascularis, root cell bodies, and a small number of fibrocytes of the spiral ligament until the adult. In the adult mouse cochlea, immunostaining continued to predominate in Deiters’ cells and pillar cells. In Deiters’ cells, immunolabeling formed cups securing OHCs basal portions, and continued presence of acetylated tubulin-labeled nerve terminals below IHCs was shown. Our results presented here underscored the essential role played by acetylated tubulin in postnatal cochlear development, auditory neurotransmission and cochlear mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- Shanghai Jiaotong University Ear Institute, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.
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Chen B, Wang Y, Geng M, Lin X, Tang W. Localization of Glucose Transporter 10 to Hair Cells' Cuticular Plate in the Mouse Inner Ear. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7817453. [PMID: 30013986 PMCID: PMC6022331 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7817453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the localization pattern of glucose transporters (Gluts) in mouse cochlea. Genome-wide gene expression analysis using CodeLink™ bioarrays indicated that Glut1 and Glut10 were highly expressed (~10-fold) in mouse cochlea compared with the other members of glucose transporters (Glut2-6, Glut8, and Glut9). Semiquantitative RT-PCR and western blotting confirmed that Glut10 expression in mouse cochlea was high throughout the embryogenesis and postnatal development. Immunofluorescent staining showed that Glut10 protein was localized in the cuticular plate of the outer and inner cochlear hair cells and in the ampullary crest of the vestibular system. Based on these results, it was supposed that Glut10 may contribute to glucose transport from the endolymph to the hair cells across the cuticular plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Chen
- Department of Otology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Manying Geng
- Departments of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Wenxue Tang
- Department of Otology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
- Departments of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
- Center for Precision Medicine of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
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Hao QQ, Li L, Chen W, Jiang QQ, Ji F, Sun W, Wei H, Guo WW, Yang SM. Key Genes and Pathways Associated With Inner Ear Malformation in SOX10 p.R109W Mutation Pigs. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:181. [PMID: 29922125 PMCID: PMC5996026 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SRY-box 10 (SOX10) mutation may lead to inner ear deformities. However, its molecular mechanisms on inner ear development are not clear. In this work, the inner ear morphology was investigated at different embryonic stages of the SOX10 mutation miniature porcine model with sensorineural hearing loss, and high-throughput RNA-seq and bioinformatics analyses were applied. Our results indicated that the SOX10 mutation in the miniature pigs led to an incomplete partition (IP) of the cochlea, a cystic apex caused by fusion from middle and apical turns, cochlear modiolar defects and a shortened cochlear duct. The model demonstrated 173 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 185 differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The down-regulated DEGs most significantly enriched the inflammatory mediator regulation of the TRP channels, arachidonic acid metabolism, and the salivary secretion pathways, while the up-regulated DEGs most significantly enriched the systemic lupus erythematosus and alcoholism pathways. Based on gene cluster analysis, we selected four gene groups: WNT1, KCNQ4, STRC and PAX6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Hearing Impairment Science, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Hearing Impairment Science, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Qing Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Hearing Impairment Science, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Hearing Impairment Science, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Communicative Disorders & Sciences, Center for Hearing and Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-Wei Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Hearing Impairment Science, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Hearing Impairment Science, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
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