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Abu Nahia K, Sulej A, Migdał M, Ochocka N, Ho R, Kamińska B, Zagorski M, Winata CL. scRNA-seq reveals the diversity of the developing cardiac cell lineage and molecular players in heart rhythm regulation. iScience 2024; 27:110083. [PMID: 38872974 PMCID: PMC11170199 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
We utilized scRNA-seq to delineate the diversity of cell types in the zebrafish heart. Transcriptome profiling of over 50,000 cells at 48 and 72 hpf defined at least 18 discrete cell lineages of the developing heart. Utilizing well-established gene signatures, we identified a population of cells likely to be the primary pacemaker and characterized the transcriptome profile defining this critical cell type. Two previously uncharacterized genes, atp1b3b and colec10, were found to be enriched in the sinoatrial cardiomyocytes. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of these two genes significantly reduced heart rate, implicating their role in cardiac development and conduction. Additionally, we describe other cardiac cell lineages, including the endothelial and neural cells, providing their expression profiles as a resource. Our results established a detailed atlas of the developing heart, providing valuable insights into cellular and molecular mechanisms, and pinpointed potential new players in heart rhythm regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Abu Nahia
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Sulej
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Migdał
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Ochocka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Richard Ho
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Mark Kac Center for Complex Systems Research, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
- The Njord Centre, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bożena Kamińska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Zagorski
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Mark Kac Center for Complex Systems Research, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
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2
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Edwards HE, Elizalde MJ, Souder JP, Gorelick DA. Hemato-vascular specification requires arnt1 and arnt2 genes in zebrafish embryos. Development 2023; 150:dev200500. [PMID: 37039097 PMCID: PMC10163348 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic development, a subset of cells in the mesoderm germ layer are specified as hemato-vascular progenitor cells, which then differentiate into endothelial cells and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. In zebrafish, the transcription factor npas4l (cloche) is required for the specification of hemato-vascular progenitor cells. However, it is unclear whether npas4l is the sole factor at the top of the hemato-vascular specification cascade. Here, we show that arnt1 and arnt2 genes are required for hemato-vascular specification. We found that arnt1;arnt2 double mutant zebrafish embryos, but not arnt1 or arnt2 single mutants, lack blood cells and most endothelial cells. arnt1/2 mutants have reduced or absent expression of etsrp and tal1, the earliest known endothelial and hematopoietic transcription factor genes. We found that Npas4l binds both Arnt1 and Arnt2 proteins in vitro, consistent with the idea that PAS domain-containing bHLH transcription factors act in a multimeric complex to regulate gene expression. Our results demonstrate that npas4l, arnt1 and arnt2 act together to regulate endothelial and hematopoietic cell fate, where each gene is necessary, but not sufficient, to drive hemato-vascular specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey E. Edwards
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mary Jane Elizalde
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jaclyn P. Souder
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel A. Gorelick
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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3
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Gong S, McLamb F, Shea D, Vu JP, Vasquez MF, Feng Z, Bozinovic K, Hirata KK, Gersberg RM, Bozinovic G. Toxicity assessment of hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid on morphology, heart physiology, and gene expression during zebrafish (Danio rerio) development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:32320-32336. [PMID: 36462083 PMCID: PMC10017623 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA) is one of the emerging replacements for the "forever" carcinogenic and toxic long-chain PFAS. HFPO-DA is a polymerization aid used for manufacturing fluoropolymers, whose global distribution and undetermined toxic properties are a concern regarding human and ecological health. To assess embryotoxic potential, zebrafish embryos were exposed to HFPO-DA at concentrations of 0.5-20,000 mg/L at 24-, 48-, and 72-h post-fertilization (hpf). Heart rate increased significantly in embryos exposed to 2 mg/L and 10 mg/L HFPO-DA across all time points. Spinal deformities and edema phenotypes were evident among embryos exposed to 1000-16,000 mg/L HFPO-DA at 72 hpf. A median lethal concentration (LC50) was derived as 7651 mg/L at 72 hpf. Shallow RNA sequencing analysis of 9465 transcripts identified 38 consistently differentially expressed genes at 0.5 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L, and 10 mg/L HFPO-DA exposures. Notably, seven downregulated genes were associated with visual response, and seven upregulated genes were expressed in or regulated the cardiovascular system. This study identifies biological targets and molecular pathways affected during animal development by an emerging, potentially problematic, and ubiquitous industrial chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Gong
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Extended Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0355, USA
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Flannery McLamb
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Extended Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0355, USA
| | | | - Jeanne P Vu
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Extended Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0355, USA
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Miguel F Vasquez
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Extended Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0355, USA
| | - Zuying Feng
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kesten Bozinovic
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Extended Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0355, USA
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ken K Hirata
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Extended Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0355, USA
| | | | - Goran Bozinovic
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA.
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0355, USA.
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4
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Mattonet K, Riemslagh FW, Guenther S, Prummel KD, Kesavan G, Hans S, Ebersberger I, Brand M, Burger A, Reischauer S, Mosimann C, Stainier DYR. Endothelial versus pronephron fate decision is modulated by the transcription factors Cloche/Npas4l, Tal1, and Lmo2. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn2082. [PMID: 36044573 PMCID: PMC9432843 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn2082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial specification is a key event during embryogenesis; however, when, and how, endothelial cells separate from other lineages is poorly understood. In zebrafish, Npas4l is indispensable for endothelial specification by inducing the expression of the transcription factor genes etsrp, tal1, and lmo2. We generated a knock-in reporter in zebrafish npas4l to visualize endothelial progenitors and their derivatives in wild-type and mutant embryos. Unexpectedly, we find that in npas4l mutants, npas4l reporter-expressing cells contribute to the pronephron tubules. Single-cell transcriptomics and live imaging of the early lateral plate mesoderm in wild-type embryos indeed reveals coexpression of endothelial and pronephron markers, a finding confirmed by creERT2-based lineage tracing. Increased contribution of npas4l reporter-expressing cells to pronephron tubules is also observed in tal1 and lmo2 mutants and is reversed in npas4l mutants injected with tal1 mRNA. Together, these data reveal that Npas4l/Tal1/Lmo2 regulate the fate decision between the endothelial and pronephron lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Mattonet
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- CPI (Cardio Pulmonary Institute), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- DZL (German Center for Lung Research), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
| | - Fréderike W. Riemslagh
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stefan Guenther
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- CPI (Cardio Pulmonary Institute), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Karin D. Prummel
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Gokul Kesavan
- Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden (CRTD); Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Hans
- Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden (CRTD); Dresden, Germany
| | - Ingo Ebersberger
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center (S-BIKF), Frankfurt 60325, Germany
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG), Frankfurt 60325, Germany
| | - Michael Brand
- Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden (CRTD); Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexa Burger
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
- CPI (Cardio Pulmonary Institute), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
| | - Christian Mosimann
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- CPI (Cardio Pulmonary Institute), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- DZL (German Center for Lung Research), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- Corresponding author.
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5
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Lei D, Zhang X, Rouf MA, Mahendra Y, Wen L, Li Y, Zhang X, Li L, Wang L, Zhang T, Wang G, Wang Y. Noncanonical protease-activated receptor 1 regulates lymphatic differentiation in zebrafish. iScience 2021; 24:103386. [PMID: 34816109 PMCID: PMC8593614 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of lymphatic progenitors is a crucial step in lymphangiogenesis. However, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we found that noncanonical protease-activated receptor 1 (par1) regulates the differentiation of lymphatic progenitors in zebrafish embryos. Loss of par1 function impaired lymphatic differentiation by downregulating prox1a expression in parachordal lymphangioblasts and caused compromised thoracic duct formation in zebrafish. Meanwhile, the G protein gnai2a, a par1 downstream effector, was selectively required for lymphatic development in zebrafish, and its mutation mimicked the lymphatic phenotype observed in par1 mutants. Interestingly, mmp13, but not thrombin, was required for lymphatic development in zebrafish. Furthermore, analyses of genetic interactions confirmed that mmp13b serves as a par1 upstream protease to regulate lymphatic development in zebrafish embryos. Mechanistically, par1 promotes flt4 expression and phospho-Erk1/2 activity in the posterior cardinal vein. Taken together, our findings highlight a function of par1 in the regulation of lymphatic differentiation in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoxi Lei
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Xiuru Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Muhammad Abdul Rouf
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yoga Mahendra
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Lin Wen
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Luming Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yeqi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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6
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Rochon ER, Missinato MA, Xue J, Tejero J, Tsang M, Gladwin MT, Corti P. Nitrite Improves Heart Regeneration in Zebrafish. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:363-377. [PMID: 31724431 PMCID: PMC6985782 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Nitrite is reduced to nitric oxide (NO) under physiological and pathological hypoxic conditions to modulate angiogenesis and improve ischemia-reperfusion injury. Although adult mammals lack the ability to regenerate the heart after injury, this is preserved in neonates and efforts to reactivate this process are of great interest. Unlike mammals, the adult zebrafish maintain the innate ability to regenerate their hearts after injury, providing an important model to study cardiac regeneration. We thus explored the effects of physiological levels of nitrite on cardiac and fin regeneration and downstream cellular and molecular signaling pathways in response to amputation and cryoinjury. Results: Nitrite treatment of zebrafish after ventricular amputation or cryoinjury to the heart in hypoxic water (∼3 parts per million of oxygen) increases cardiomyocyte proliferation, improves angiogenesis, and enhances early recruitment of thrombocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils to the injury. When tested in a fin regeneration model, neutrophil recruitment to the injury site was found to be dependent on NO. Innovation: This is the first study to evaluate effects of physiological levels of nitrite on cardiac regeneration in response to cardiac injury, with the observation that nitrite in water accelerates zebrafish heart regeneration. Conclusion: Physiological and therapeutic levels of nitrite increase thrombocyte, neutrophil, and macrophage recruitment to the heart after amputation and cryoinjury in zebrafish, resulting in accelerated cardiomyocyte proliferation and angiogenesis. Translation of this finding to mammalian models of injury during early development may provide an opportunity to improve outcomes during intrauterine fetal or neonatal cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Rochon
- Department of Medicine, Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jianmin Xue
- Department of Medicine, Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jesús Tejero
- Department of Medicine, Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Tsang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Department of Medicine, Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Paola Corti
- Department of Medicine, Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, Italy
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7
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Zhang H, Zhang C, Liu Y, Gao W, Wang S, Fang X, Guo Y, Li M, Liu R, Roman RJ, Sun P, Fan F. Influence of dual-specificity protein phosphatase 5 on mechanical properties of rat cerebral and renal arterioles. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14345. [PMID: 31960618 PMCID: PMC6971329 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that KO of Dual-specificity protein phosphatase 5 (Dusp5) enhances myogenic reactivity and blood flow autoregulation in the cerebral and renal circulations in association with increased levels of pPKC and pERK1/2 in the cerebral and renal arteries and arterioles. In the kidney, hypertension-related renal damage was significantly attenuated in Dusp5 KO rats. Elevations in pPKC and pERK1/2 promote calcium influx in VSMC and facilitate vasoconstriction. However, whether DUSP5 plays a role in altering the passive mechanical properties of cerebral and renal arterioles has never been investigated. In this study, we found that KO of Dusp5 did not alter body weights, kidney and brain weights, plasma glucose, and HbA1C levels. The expression of pERK is higher in the nucleus of primary VSMC isolated from Dusp5 KO rats. Dusp5 KO rats exhibited eutrophic vascular hypotrophy with smaller intracerebral parenchymal arterioles and renal interlobular arterioles without changing the wall-to-lumen ratios. These arterioles from Dusp5 KO rats displayed higher myogenic tones, better distensibility, greater compliance, and less stiffness compared with arterioles from WT control rats. VSMC of Dusp5 KO rats exhibited a stronger contractile capability. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that DUSP5 contributes to the regulation of the passive mechanical properties of cerebral and renal arterioles and provide new insights into the role of DUSP5 in vascular function, cancer, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Yedan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Wenjun Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Shaoxun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Xing Fang
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Ya Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Man Li
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Ruen Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Richard J. Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
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8
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Ceci M, Mariano V, Romano N. Zebrafish as a translational regeneration model to study the activation of neural stem cells and role of their environment. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:45-66. [PMID: 30067512 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The review is an overview of the current knowledge of neuronal regeneration properties in mammals and fish. The ability to regenerate the damaged parts of the nervous tissue has been demonstrated in all vertebrates. Notably, fish and amphibians have the highest capacity for neurogenesis, whereas reptiles and birds are able to only regenerate specific regions of the brain, while mammals have reduced capacity for neurogenesis. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a promising model of study because lesions in the brain or complete cross-section of the spinal cord are followed by an effective neuro-regeneration that successfully restores the motor function. In the brain and the spinal cord of zebrafish, stem cell activity is always able to re-activate the molecular programs required for central nervous system regeneration. In mammals, traumatic brain injuries are followed by reduced neurogenesis and poor axonal regeneration, often insufficient to functionally restore the nervous tissue, while spinal injuries are not repaired at all. The environment that surrounds the stem cell niche constituted by connective tissue and stimulating factors, including pro-inflammation molecules, seems to be a determinant in triggering stem cell proliferation and/or the trans-differentiation of connective elements (mainly fibroblasts). Investigating and comparing the neuronal regeneration in zebrafish and mammals may lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms behind neurogenesis, and the failure of the regenerative response in mammals, first of all, the role of inflammation, considered the main inhibitor of the neuronal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Ceci
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, largo dell'Università, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Vittoria Mariano
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicla Romano
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, largo dell'Università, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy
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9
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Marass M, Beisaw A, Gerri C, Luzzani F, Fukuda N, Günther S, Kuenne C, Reischauer S, Stainier DYR. Genome-wide strategies reveal target genes of Npas4l associated with vascular development in zebrafish. Development 2019; 146:dev.173427. [PMID: 31097478 DOI: 10.1242/dev.173427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of a vascular network is essential to nourish tissues and sustain organ function throughout life. Endothelial cells (ECs) are the building blocks of blood vessels, yet our understanding of EC specification remains incomplete. Zebrafish cloche/npas4l mutants have been used broadly as an avascular model, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms of action of the Npas4l transcription factor. Here, to identify its direct and indirect target genes, we have combined complementary genome-wide approaches, including transcriptome analyses and chromatin immunoprecipitation. The cross-analysis of these datasets indicates that Npas4l functions as a master regulator by directly inducing a group of transcription factor genes that are crucial for hematoendothelial specification, such as etv2, tal1 and lmo2 We also identified new targets of Npas4l and investigated the function of a subset of them using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Phenotypic characterization of tspan18b mutants reveals a novel player in developmental angiogenesis, confirming the reliability of the datasets generated. Collectively, these data represent a useful resource for future studies aimed to better understand EC fate determination and vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Marass
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Arica Beisaw
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Claudia Gerri
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Francesca Luzzani
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Nana Fukuda
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- ECCPS Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Carsten Kuenne
- ECCPS Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
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10
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Nelson CM, Lennon VA, Lee H, Krug RG, Kamalova A, Madigan NN, Clark KJ, Windebank AJ, Henley JR. Glucocorticoids Target Ependymal Glia and Inhibit Repair of the Injured Spinal Cord. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:56. [PMID: 31069223 PMCID: PMC6491705 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Following injury, the mammalian spinal cord forms a glial scar and fails to regenerate. In contrast, vertebrate fish spinal cord tissue regenerates significantly to restore function. Cord transection in zebrafish (Danio rerio) initially causes paralysis and neural cell death. Subsequently, ependymal glia proliferate, bipolar glia extend across the lesion, and new neurons are born; axons from spared and nascent neurons extend along trans-lesional glial bridges to restore functional connectivity. Here we report that glucocorticoids, used in the clinical management of spinal cord injury, directly inhibit neural repair by targeting ependymal glia independently of hematogenous cells and microglia. After transecting injury, the glucocorticoid receptor in ependymal glia is regulated differentially in zebrafish (becoming inactive) vs. the rat (becoming active). Glucocorticoid blockade of neural regeneration via a direct effect on ependymal glia has important therapeutic implications for the putative benefit of corticosteroids in early management of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig M Nelson
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Vanda A Lennon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Han Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Randall G Krug
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Aichurok Kamalova
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Karl J Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - John R Henley
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
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11
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Hasan SS, Tsaryk R, Lange M, Wisniewski L, Moore JC, Lawson ND, Wojciechowska K, Schnittler H, Siekmann AF. Endothelial Notch signalling limits angiogenesis via control of artery formation. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:928-940. [PMID: 28714969 PMCID: PMC5534340 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenic sprouting needs to be tightly controlled. It has been suggested that the Notch ligand dll4 expressed in leading tip cells restricts angiogenesis by activating Notch signalling in trailing stalk cells. Here, we show using live imaging in zebrafish that activation of Notch signalling is rather required in tip cells. Notch activation initially triggers expression of the chemokine receptor cxcr4a. This allows for proper tip cell migration and connection to the pre-existing arterial circulation, ultimately establishing functional arterial-venous blood flow patterns. Subsequently, Notch signalling reduces cxcr4a expression, thereby preventing excessive blood vessel growth. Finally, we find that Notch signalling is dispensable for limiting blood vessel growth during venous plexus formation that does not generate arteries. Together, these findings link the role of Notch signalling in limiting angiogenesis to its role during artery formation and provide a framework for our understanding of the mechanisms underlying blood vessel network expansion and maturation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Arteries/cytology
- Arteries/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cells, Cultured
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Genotype
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Microscopy, Video
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Time-Lapse Imaging
- Transfection
- Zebrafish/genetics
- Zebrafish/metabolism
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana S. Hasan
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Roman Tsaryk
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Martin Lange
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Laura Wisniewski
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - John C. Moore
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Nathan D. Lawson
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605
| | | | - Hans Schnittler
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Vesaliusweg 2-4, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Arndt F. Siekmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 – CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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12
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Jung H, Isogai S, Kamei M, Castranova D, Gore A, Weinstein B. Imaging blood vessels and lymphatic vessels in the zebrafish. Methods Cell Biol 2016; 133:69-103. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13
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Ulrich F, Carretero-Ortega J, Menéndez J, Narvaez C, Sun B, Lancaster E, Pershad V, Trzaska S, Véliz E, Kamei M, Prendergast A, Kidd KR, Shaw KM, Castranova DA, Pham VN, Lo BD, Martin BL, Raible DW, Weinstein BM, Torres-Vázquez J. Reck enables cerebrovascular development by promoting canonical Wnt signaling. Development 2015; 143:147-59. [PMID: 26657775 DOI: 10.1242/dev.123059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The cerebral vasculature provides the massive blood supply that the brain needs to grow and survive. By acquiring distinctive cellular and molecular characteristics it becomes the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a selectively permeable and protective interface between the brain and the peripheral circulation that maintains the extracellular milieu permissive for neuronal activity. Accordingly, there is great interest in uncovering the mechanisms that modulate the formation and differentiation of the brain vasculature. By performing a forward genetic screen in zebrafish we isolated no food for thought (nft (y72)), a recessive late-lethal mutant that lacks most of the intracerebral central arteries (CtAs), but not other brain blood vessels. We found that the cerebral vascularization deficit of nft (y72) mutants is caused by an inactivating lesion in reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs [reck; also known as suppressor of tumorigenicity 15 protein (ST15)], which encodes a membrane-anchored tumor suppressor glycoprotein. Our findings highlight Reck as a novel and pivotal modulator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway that acts in endothelial cells to enable intracerebral vascularization and proper expression of molecular markers associated with BBB formation. Additional studies with cultured endothelial cells suggest that, in other contexts, Reck impacts vascular biology via the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) cascade. Together, our findings have broad implications for both vascular and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ulrich
- Dept of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jorge Carretero-Ortega
- Dept of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Javier Menéndez
- Dept of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Carlos Narvaez
- Dept of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Belinda Sun
- Dept of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Eva Lancaster
- Dept of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Valerie Pershad
- Dept of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sean Trzaska
- Dept of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Evelyn Véliz
- Dept of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Makoto Kamei
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew Prendergast
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kameha R Kidd
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenna M Shaw
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel A Castranova
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Van N Pham
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brigid D Lo
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - David W Raible
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jesús Torres-Vázquez
- Dept of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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14
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Primitive macrophages control HSPC mobilization and definitive haematopoiesis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6227. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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15
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Keightley MC, Wang CH, Pazhakh V, Lieschke GJ. Delineating the roles of neutrophils and macrophages in zebrafish regeneration models. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 56:92-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Kanther M, Tomkovich S, Xiaolun S, Grosser MR, Koo J, Flynn EJ, Jobin C, Rawls JF. Commensal microbiota stimulate systemic neutrophil migration through induction of serum amyloid A. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:1053-67. [PMID: 24373309 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils serve critical roles in inflammatory responses to infection and injury, and mechanisms governing their activity represent attractive targets for controlling inflammation. The commensal microbiota is known to regulate the activity of neutrophils and other leucocytes in the intestine, but the systemic impact of the microbiota on neutrophils remains unknown. Here we utilized in vivo imaging in gnotobiotic zebrafish to reveal diverse effects of microbiota colonization on systemic neutrophil development and function. The presence of a microbiota resulted in increased neutrophil number and myeloperoxidase expression, and altered neutrophil localization and migratory behaviours. These effects of the microbiota on neutrophil homeostasis were accompanied by an increased recruitment of neutrophils to injury. Genetic analysis identified the microbiota-induced acute phase protein serum amyloid A (Saa) as a host factor mediating microbial stimulation of tissue-specific neutrophil migratory behaviours. In vitro studies revealed that zebrafish cells respond to Saa exposure by activating NF-κB, and that Saa-dependent neutrophil migration requires NF-κB-dependent gene expression. These results implicate the commensal microbiota as an important environmental factor regulating diverse aspects of systemic neutrophil development and function, and reveal a critical role for a Saa-NF-κB signalling axis in mediating neutrophil migratory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kanther
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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17
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Kolosov D, Bui P, Chasiotis H, Kelly SP. Claudins in teleost fishes. Tissue Barriers 2013; 1:e25391. [PMID: 24665402 PMCID: PMC3875606 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.25391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Teleost fishes are a large and diverse animal group that represent close to 50% of all described vertebrate species. This review consolidates what is known about the claudin (Cldn) family of tight junction (TJ) proteins in teleosts. Cldns are transmembrane proteins of the vertebrate epithelial/endothelial TJ complex that largely determine TJ permeability. Cldns achieve this by expressing barrier or pore forming properties and by exhibiting distinct tissue distribution patterns. So far, ~63 genes encoding for Cldn TJ proteins have been reported in 16 teleost species. Collectively, cldns (or Cldns) are found in a broad array of teleost fish tissues, but select genes exhibit restricted expression patterns. Evidence to date strongly supports the view that Cldns play a vital role in the embryonic development of teleost fishes and in the physiology of tissues and organ systems studied thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kolosov
- Department of Biology; York University; Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Phuong Bui
- Department of Biology; York University; Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Scott P Kelly
- Department of Biology; York University; Toronto, ON, Canada
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18
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Gomez G, Lee JH, Veldman MB, Lu J, Xiao X, Lin S. Identification of vascular and hematopoietic genes downstream of etsrp by deep sequencing in zebrafish. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31658. [PMID: 22438865 PMCID: PMC3306315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor etsrp/Er71/Etv2 is a master control gene for vasculogenesis in all species studied to date. It is also required for hematopoiesis in zebrafish and mice. Several novel genes expressed in vasculature have been identified through transcriptional profiling of zebrafish embryos overexpressing etsrp by microarrays. Here we re-examined this transcriptional profile by Illumina RNA-sequencing technology, revealing a substantially increased number of candidate genes regulated by etsrp. Expression studies of 50 selected candidate genes from this dataset resulted in the identification of 39 new genes that are expressed in vascular cells. Regulation of these genes by etsrp was confirmed by their ectopic induction in etsrp overexpressing and decreased expression in etsrp deficient embryos. Our studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the RNA-sequencing technology to identify biologically relevant genes in zebrfish and produced a comprehensive profile of genes previously unexplored in vascular endothelial cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Gomez
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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19
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Soanes KH, Achenbach JC, Burton IW, Hui JPM, Penny SL, Karakach TK. Molecular Characterization of Zebrafish Embryogenesis via DNA Microarrays and Multiplatform Time Course Metabolomics Studies. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:5102-17. [DOI: 10.1021/pr2005549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly H. Soanes
- National Research Council of Canada, Institute for Marine Biosciences, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3Z1
| | - John C. Achenbach
- National Research Council of Canada, Institute for Marine Biosciences, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3Z1
| | - Ian W. Burton
- National Research Council of Canada, Institute for Marine Biosciences, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3Z1
| | - Joseph P. M. Hui
- National Research Council of Canada, Institute for Marine Biosciences, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3Z1
| | - Susanne L. Penny
- National Research Council of Canada, Institute for Marine Biosciences, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3Z1
| | - Tobias K. Karakach
- National Research Council of Canada, Institute for Marine Biosciences, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3Z1
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20
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Duan J, Ba Q, Wang Z, Hao M, Li X, Hu P, Zhang D, Zhang R, Wang H. Knockdown of ribosomal protein S7 causes developmental abnormalities via p53 dependent and independent pathways in zebrafish. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 43:1218-27. [PMID: 21550419 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomal proteins (RPs), structural components of the ribosome involved in protein synthesis, are of significant importance in all organisms. Previous studies have suggested that some RPs may have other functions in addition to assembly of the ribosome. The small ribosomal subunits RPS7, has been reported to modulate the mdm2-p53 interaction. To further investigate the biological functions of RPS7, we used morpholino antisense oligonucleotides (MO) to specifically knockdown RPS7 in zebrafish. In RPS7-deficient embryos, p53 was activated, and its downstream target genes and biological events were induced, including apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Hematopoiesis was also impaired seriously in RPS7-deficient embryos, which was confirmed by the hemoglobin O-dianisidine staining of blood cells, and the expression of scl, gata1 and α-E1 globin were abnormal. The matrix metalloproteinase (mmp) family genes were also activated in RPS7 morphants, indicating that improper cell migration might also cause development defects. Furthermore, simultaneously knockdown of the p53 protein by co-injecting a p53 MO could partially reverse the abnormal phenotype in the morphants. These results strengthen the hypothesis that specific ribosomal proteins regulate p53 and that their deficiency affects hematopoiesis. Moreover, our data implicate that RPS7 is a regulator of matrix metalloproteinase (mmp) family in zebrafish system. These specific functions of RPS7 may provide helpful clues to study the roles of RPs in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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21
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Abstract
A hallmark of infantile hemangioma, the most common tumor of infancy, is its dramatic growth after birth, by diffuse proliferation of immature endothelial cells, followed by spontaneous regression. The growth and involution of infantile hemangioma is quite different from other vascular anomalies, which do not regress and can occur at any time during life. Some hemangioma lesions can be extremely disfiguring and destructive to normal tissue and may even be life-threatening. Unfortunately, existing therapeutic approaches have limited success and significant adverse effects of some treatment modalities limit their use. Better understanding of the pathogenesis of hemangioma will enable the development of better therapeutic strategies. Here, we review recent studies and new hypotheses on the pathogenesis of the tumor. Detailed mechanisms of activated vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in tumor cells, identification of their origin and characterization of multipotent stem cells that can give rise to infantile hemangioma are shedding new light on this intriguing vascular tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Jinnin
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan.
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22
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Claudin 13, a member of the claudin family regulated in mouse stress induced erythropoiesis. PLoS One 2010; 5. [PMID: 20844758 PMCID: PMC2937028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals are able to rapidly produce red blood cells in response to stress. The molecular pathways used in this process are important in understanding responses to anaemia in multiple biological settings. Here we characterise the novel gene Claudin 13 (Cldn13), a member of the Claudin family of tight junction proteins using RNA expression, microarray and phylogenetic analysis. We present evidence that Cldn13 appears to be co-ordinately regulated as part of a stress induced erythropoiesis pathway and is a mouse-specific gene mainly expressed in tissues associated with haematopoietic function. CLDN13 phylogenetically groups with its genomic neighbour CLDN4, a conserved tight junction protein with a putative role in epithelial to mesenchymal transition, suggesting a recent duplication event. Mechanisms of mammalian stress erythropoiesis are of importance in anaemic responses and expression microarray analyses demonstrate that Cldn13 is the most abundant Claudin in spleen from mice infected with Trypanosoma congolense. In mice prone to anaemia (C57BL/6), its expression is reduced compared to strains which display a less severe anaemic response (A/J and BALB/c) and is differentially regulated in spleen during disease progression. Genes clustering with Cldn13 on microarrays are key regulators of erythropoiesis (Tal1, Trim10, E2f2), erythrocyte membrane proteins (Rhd and Gypa), associated with red cell volume (Tmcc2) and indirectly associated with erythropoietic pathways (Cdca8, Cdkn2d, Cenpk). Relationships between genes appearing co-ordinately regulated with Cldn13 post-infection suggest new insights into the molecular regulation and pathways involved in stress induced erythropoiesis and suggest a novel, previously unreported role for claudins in correct cell polarisation and protein partitioning prior to erythroblast enucleation.
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23
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Mueller RL, Huang C, Ho RK. Spatio-temporal regulation of Wnt and retinoic acid signaling by tbx16/spadetail during zebrafish mesoderm differentiation. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:492. [PMID: 20828405 PMCID: PMC2996988 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A complex network of signaling pathways and transcription factors regulates vertebrate mesoderm development. Zebrafish mutants provide a powerful tool for examining the roles of individual genes in such a network. spadetail (spt) is a mutant with a lesion in tbx16, a T-box transcription factor involved in mesoderm development; the mutant phenotype includes disrupted primitive red blood cell formation as well as disrupted somitogenesis. Despite much recent progress, the downstream targets of tbx16 remain incompletely understood. The current study was carried out to test whether any of the five major signaling pathways are regulated by tbx16 during two specific stages of mesoderm development: primitive red blood cell formation in the intermediate mesoderm and somite formation in the tail paraxial mesoderm. This test was performed using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, which identifies coordinated changes in expression among a priori sets of genes associated with biological features or processes. Results Our Gene Set Enrichment Analysis results identify Wnt and retinoic acid signaling as likely downstream targets of tbx16 in the developing zebrafish intermediate mesoderm, the site of primitive red blood cell formation. In addition, such results identify retinoic acid signaling as a downstream target of tbx16 in the developing zebrafish posterior somites. Finally, using candidate gene identification and in situ hybridization, we provide expression domain information for 25 additional genes downstream of tbx16 that are outside of both pathways; 23 were previously unknown downstream targets of tbx16, and seven had previously uncharacterized expression in zebrafish. Conclusions Our results suggest that (1) tbx16 regulates Wnt signaling in the developing zebrafish intermediate mesoderm, the site of primitive red blood cell formation, and (2) tbx16 regulates retinoic acid signaling at two distinct embryonic locations and developmental stages, which may imply ongoing spatio-temporal regulation throughout mesoderm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lockridge Mueller
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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24
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Kopp R, Schwerte T, Egg M, Sandbichler AM, Egger B, Pelster B. Chronic reduction in cardiac output induces hypoxic signaling in larval zebrafish even at a time when convective oxygen transport is not required. Physiol Genomics 2010; 42A:8-23. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00052.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the zebrafish breakdance mutant ( bre) was used to assess the role of blood flow in development because it has been previously shown that bre larvae have a chronically reduced cardiac output as a result of ventricular contraction following only every second atrial contraction in addition to an atrial bradycardia. We confirmed a 50% reduction compared with control fish and further showed that blood flow in the caudal part of the dorsal aorta decreased by 80%. Associated with these reductions in blood flow were indications of developmental retardation in bre mutants, specifically delayed hatching, reduced cell proliferation, and a transiently decreased growth rate. Surprisingly, an increased red blood cell concentration and an earlier appearance of trunk vessels in bre larvae indicated some compensation to convective oxygen transport, although in previous studies it has been shown that zebrafish larvae at this stage obtain oxygen by bulk diffusion. In bre animals immunohistochemical analyses showed a significant increase in hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF)-α protein expression, comparable with wild-type larvae that were raised under hypoxic conditions. Accordingly, the expression of some hif downstream genes was affected. Furthermore, Affymetrix microarray analyses revealed a large number of genes that were differently expressed comparing control and bre larvae, and the number even increased with proceeding development. The results showed that a chronic reduction in blood flow generated hypoxic molecular signals despite partial compensation by increased oxygen carrying capacity and transiently slowed the overall development of zebrafish bre larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Kopp
- Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thorsten Schwerte
- Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Margit Egg
- Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Adolf Michael Sandbichler
- Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Egger
- Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernd Pelster
- Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Generation and Characterization of Blood Vessel Specific EGFP Transgenic Zebrafish via Tol2 Transposon Mediated Enhancer Trap Screen*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2010.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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JINNIN M, ISHIHARA T, BOYE E, OLSEN BR. WITHDRAWN; Recent progress in studies of infantile hemangioma. J Dermatol 2010; 37:939-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.00927.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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27
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Wong KS, Proulx K, Rost MS, Sumanas S. Identification of vasculature-specific genes by microarray analysis of Etsrp/Etv2 overexpressing zebrafish embryos. Dev Dyn 2009; 238:1836-50. [PMID: 19504456 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling pathways controlling vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and myelopoiesis are still poorly understood, in part because not all genes important for vasculature or myeloid cell formation have been characterized. To identify novel potential regulators of vasculature and myeloid cell formation we performed microarray analysis of zebrafish embryos that overexpress Ets1-related protein (Etsrp/Etv2/ER71), sufficient to induce vasculogenesis and myelopoiesis (Sumanas and Lin [2006] Development 121:3141-3150; Lee [2008] Cell Stem Cell 2:497-507; Sumanas et al. [2008] Blood 111:4500-4510). We performed sequence homology and expression analysis for up-regulated genes that were novel or previously unassociated with the zebrafish vasculature formation. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor (agtr2), src homology 2 domain containing E (she), mannose receptor C1 (mrc1), endothelial cell-specific adhesion molecule (esam), yes-related kinase (yrk/fyn), zinc finger protein, multitype 2b (zfpm2b/fog2b), and stabilin 2 (stab2) were specifically expressed in vascular endothelial cells during early development while keratin18 expression was localized to the myeloid cells. Identification of vasculature and myeloid-specific genes will be important for dissecting molecular mechanisms of vasculogenesis/angiogenesis and myelopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Shen Wong
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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28
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Molina G, Vogt A, Bakan A, Dai W, Queiroz de Oliveira P, Znosko W, Smithgall TE, Bahar I, Lazo JS, Day BW, Tsang M. Zebrafish chemical screening reveals an inhibitor of Dusp6 that expands cardiac cell lineages. Nat Chem Biol 2009; 5:680-7. [PMID: 19578332 PMCID: PMC2771339 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The dual specificity phosphatase 6 (Dusp6) functions as a feedback regulator of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling to limit the activity of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1 and 2. We have identified a small molecule inhibitor of Dusp6, (E)-2-benzylidene-3-(cyclohexylamino)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (BCI), using a transgenic zebrafish chemical screen. BCI treatment blocked Dusp6 activity and enhanced FGF target gene expression in zebrafish embryos. Docking simulations predicted an allosteric binding site for BCI within the phosphatase domain. In vitro studies supported a model that BCI inhibits Dusp6 catalytic activation by ERK2 substrate binding. A temporal role for Dusp6 in restricting cardiac progenitors and controlling heart organ size was uncovered with BCI treatment at varying developmental stages. This study highlights the power of in vivo zebrafish chemical screens to identify novel compounds targeting Dusp6, a component of the FGF signaling pathway that has eluded traditional high-throughput in vitro screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Molina
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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29
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Day KR, Jagadeeswaran P. Microarray analysis of prothrombin knockdown in zebrafish. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2009; 43:202-10. [PMID: 19442542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The serine protease thrombin is generated from its precursor, prothrombin, in the coagulation cascade and plays a central role in fibrin deposition and platelet activation mediated through the protease activated receptors. Knockdown of prothrombin in the zebrafish was previously shown to recapitulate the phenotype observed in prothrombin knockout mice, such as an absence of blood pericardial edema, and hemorrhage. However, the role of thrombin during embryogenesis is not fully understood. To find genes affected by potential thrombin signaling in embryogenesis before blood circulation, microarray analysis was performed using total RNA prepared from antisense-injected, knockdown embryos versus mismatch-injected at 20 h post fertilization. A total of 63 upregulated and downregulated genes were identified with duplicate microarrays using dye reversal and a two-fold difference limitation. Real time RT-PCR for 10 selected genes identified by the microarray confirmed the expression changes in these genes. One particular gene, phlda3, was at least eleven fold upregulated, and in situ hybridization revealed expansion of phlda3 expression in the central nervous system, branchial arches, and head endoderm in knockdown embryos. The identification of these genes regulated by thrombin according to microarray analysis should provide a greater understanding of the effects of thrombin activity in the early vertebrate embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Day
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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30
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Boscolo E, Bischoff J. Vasculogenesis in infantile hemangioma. Angiogenesis 2009; 12:197-207. [PMID: 19430954 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-009-9148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infantile hemangioma is a vascular tumor that occurs in 5-10% of infants of European descent. A defining feature of infantile hemangioma is the dramatic growth and development into a disorganized mass of blood vessels. Subsequently, a slow spontaneous involution begins around 1 year of age and continues for 4-6 years. The growth and involution of infantile hemangioma is very different from other vascular tumors and vascular malformations, which do not regress and can occur at any time during childhood or adult life. Much has been learned from careful study of the tissue morphology and gene expression patterns during the life-cycle of hemangioma. Tissue explants and tumor-derived cell populations have provided further insight to unravel the cellular and molecular basis of infantile hemangioma. A multipotent progenitor cell capable of de novo blood vessel formation has been isolated from infantile hemangioma, which suggests that this common tumor of infancy, long considered to be a model for pathologic angiogenesis, may also represent pathologic vasculogenesis. Whether viewed as angiogenesis or vasculogenesis, infantile hemangioma represents a vascular perturbation during a critical period of post-natal growth, and as such provides a unique opportunity to decipher mechanisms of human vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Boscolo
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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31
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Discovery and characterization of novel vascular and hematopoietic genes downstream of etsrp in zebrafish. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4994. [PMID: 19308258 PMCID: PMC2654924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Etsrp is required for vasculogenesis and primitive myelopoiesis in zebrafish. When ectopically expressed, etsrp is sufficient to induce the expression of many vascular and myeloid genes in zebrafish. The mammalian homolog of etsrp, ER71/Etv2, is also essential for vascular and hematopoietic development. To identify genes downstream of etsrp, gain-of-function experiments were performed for etsrp in zebrafish embryos followed by transcription profile analysis by microarray. Subsequent in vivo expression studies resulted in the identification of fourteen genes with blood and/or vascular expression, six of these being completely novel. Regulation of these genes by etsrp was confirmed by ectopic induction in etsrp overexpressing embryos and decreased expression in etsrp deficient embryos. Additional functional analysis of two newly discovered genes, hapln1b and sh3gl3, demonstrates their importance in embryonic vascular development. The results described here identify a group of genes downstream of etsrp likely to be critical for vascular and/or myeloid development.
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32
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Ng YK, Wu W, Zhang L. Positive correlation between gene coexpression and positional clustering in the zebrafish genome. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:42. [PMID: 19159490 PMCID: PMC2654907 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Co-expressing genes tend to cluster in eukaryotic genomes. This paper analyzes correlation between the proximity of eukaryotic genes and their transcriptional expression pattern in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) genome using available microarray data and gene annotation. Results The analyses show that neighbouring genes are significantly coexpressed in the zebrafish genome, and the coexpression level is influenced by the intergenic distance and transcription orientation. This fact is further supported by examining the coexpression level of genes within positional clusters in the neighbourhood model. There is a positive correlation between gene coexpression and positional clustering in the zebrafish genome. Conclusion The study provides another piece of evidence for the hypothesis that coexpressed genes do cluster in the eukaryotic genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Kaow Ng
- Department of Mathematics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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33
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Abstract
Zebrafish has many advantages as a model of human pediatric research. Given the physical and ethical problems with performing experiments on human patients, biomedical research has focused on using model organisms to study biologic processes conserved between humans and lower vertebrates. The most common model organisms are small mammals, usually rats and mice. Although these models have significant advantages, they are also expensive to maintain, difficult to manipulate embryonically, and limited for large-scale genetic studies. The zebrafish model nicely complements these deficiencies in mammalian experimental models. The low cost, small size, and external development of zebrafish make it an excellent model for vertebrate development biology. Techniques for large-scale genome mutagenesis and gene mapping, transgenesis, protein overexpression or knockdown, cell transplantation and chimeric embryo analysis, and chemical screens have immeasurably increased the power of this model organism. It is now possible to rapidly determine the developmental function of a gene of interest in vivo, and then identify genetic and chemical modifiers of the processes involved. Discoveries made in zebrafish can be further validated in mammals. With novel technologies being regularly developed, the zebrafish is poised to significantly improve our understanding of vertebrate development under normal and pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Veldman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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34
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Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases play an integral role in several cellular processes. To regulate mitogen-activated protein kinases, cells express members of a counteracting group of proteins called phosphatases. In this study, we have identified a specific role that one member of this family of phosphatases, dual-specific phosphatase-5 (Dusp-5) plays in vascular development in vivo. We have determined that dusp-5 is expressed in angioblasts and in established vasculature and that it counteracts the function of a serine threonine kinase, Snrk-1, which also plays a functional role in angioblast development. Together, Dusp-5 and Snrk-1 control angioblast populations in the lateral plate mesoderm with Dusp-5 functioning downstream of Snrk-1. Importantly, mutations in dusp-5 and snrk-1 have been identified in affected tissues of patients with vascular anomalies, implicating the Snrk-1-Dusp-5 signaling pathway in human disease.
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35
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Abstract
The hemangioblast hypothesis was proposed a century ago. The existence of hemangioblasts is now demonstrated in mouse and human embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived embryoid bodies (EBs), in the mouse and zebrafish gastrula, and in adults. The hemangioblast is believed to derive from mesodermal cells, and is enriched in the Bry+Flk1+ and Flk1+Scl+ cell populations in EBs and in the posterior primitive streak of the mouse gastrula and in the ventral mesoderm of the zebrafish gastrula. However, recent studies suggest that the hemangioblast does not give rise to all endothelial and hematopoietic lineages in mouse and zebrafish embryos. Although several signaling pathways are known to involve the generation of hemangioblasts, it remains largely unknown how the hemangioblast is formed and what are the master genes controlling hemangioblast development. This review will summarize our current knowledge, challenges, and future directions on molecular and developmental aspects of the hemangioblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wei Xiong
- The Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 01219, USA.
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36
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Zhang Y, Bai XT, Zhu KY, Jin Y, Deng M, Le HY, Fu YF, Chen Y, Zhu J, Look AT, Kanki J, Chen Z, Chen SJ, Liu TX. In vivo interstitial migration of primitive macrophages mediated by JNK-matrix metalloproteinase 13 signaling in response to acute injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:2155-64. [PMID: 18641354 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.3.2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial cell migration through extracellular matrix is a hallmark of the inflammation response, tumor invasion, and metastasis. We have established a stable zebrafish transgenic line expressing enhanced GFP under the lysozyme C promoter for visualizing and measuring primitive macrophage migration in vivo. We show that tissue-resident primitive macrophages migrate rapidly through extracellular matrix to the site of acute injury induced by tail transection. Mechanistically, the specific inhibition of JNK, but not p38 and ERK, dramatically abolished the chemotactic migration in a dose-dependent manner, suppressing the trauma-induced recruitment of phosphorylated C-Jun transcription factor to proximal AP-1 sites in the promoter of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (mmp13), a gene specifically expressed in primitive macrophages during embryogenesis and required for the interstitial migration. Furthermore, dexamethasone suppressed the trauma-induced JNK phosphorylation and macrophage migration accompanied by simultaneous up-regulation of mkp-1, a well-known phosphatase capable of inactivating phosphorylated JNK. The results indicate that the JNK-Mmp13 signaling pathway plays an essential role in regulating the innate immune cell migration in response to severe injury in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Laboratory of Development and Diseases and State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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37
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Wang H, Kesinger JW, Zhou Q, Wren JD, Martin G, Turner S, Tang Y, Frank MB, Centola M. Identification and characterization of zebrafish ocular formation genes. Genome 2008; 51:222-35. [PMID: 18356958 DOI: 10.1139/g07-098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To study genes that are specifically expressed in the eyes, we employed microarray and in situ hybridization analyses to identify and characterize differentially expressed ocular genes in eyeless masterblind (mbl-/-) zebrafish (Danio rerio). Among 70 differentially expressed genes in the mbl-/- mutant identified by microarray analysis, 8 down-regulated genes were characterized, including 4 eye-specific genes, opsin 1 short-wave-sensitive 1 (opn1sw1), crystallinbetaa1b (cryba1b), crystallinbetaa2b (cryba2b), and crystallingamma M2d3 (crygm2d3); 2 eye and brain genes, ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal, V0 subunit c (atp6v0c) and basic leucine zipper and W2 domains 1a (bzw1a); and 2 constitutive genes, heat shock protein 8 (hspa8) and ribosomal protein L7a (rpl7a). In situ hybridization experiments confirmed down-regulation of these 8 ocular formation genes in mbl-/- zebrafish and showed their ocular and dynamic temporal expression patterns during zebrafish early development. Further, an automated literature analysis of the 70 differentially expressed genes identified a sub-network of genes with known associations, either with each other or with ocular structures or development, and shows how this study contributes to the current body of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Zoology and Stephenson Research and Technology Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 David L. Boren Boulevard, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
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Deciphering arterial identity through gene expression, genetics, and chemical biology. Curr Opin Hematol 2008; 15:221-7. [DOI: 10.1097/moh.0b013e3282f97daa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Xiong JW, Yu Q, Zhang J, Mably JD. An acyltransferase controls the generation of hematopoietic and endothelial lineages in zebrafish. Circ Res 2008; 102:1057-64. [PMID: 18388326 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.107.163907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic and endothelial cells develop from a common progenitor, the hemangioblast, or directly from mesodermal cells. The molecular pathway that regulates the specification of both cell lineages remains elusive. Here, we show that a lysocardiolipin acyltransferase, lycat, is critical for the establishment of both hematopoietic and endothelial lineages. We isolated lycat from the deletion interval of cloche, a zebrafish mutant that has dramatically reduced hematopoietic and endothelial cell lineages. Reduction of lycat mRNA levels in wild-type zebrafish embryos decreases both endothelial and hematopoietic lineages. Lycat mRNA rescues blood lineages in zebrafish cloche mutant embryos. E165R and G166L mutations in the highly conserved catalytic domain in lycat abolish its function in zebrafish hematopoiesis. Epistasis analysis supports that lycat acts upstream of scl and etsrp in zebrafish hemangioblast development. These data indicate that lycat is the earliest known player in the generation of both endothelial and hematopoietic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wei Xiong
- The Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital-East, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St, Room 8216, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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Carradice D, Lieschke GJ. Zebrafish in hematology: sushi or science? Blood 2008; 111:3331-42. [PMID: 18182572 PMCID: PMC2275003 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-10-052761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
After a decade of the "modern era" of zebrafish hematology research, what have been their major contributions to hematology and what challenges does the model face? This review argues that, in hematology, zebrafish have demonstrated their suitability, are proving their utility, have supplied timely and novel discoveries, and are poised for further significant contributions. It presents an overview of the anatomy, physiology, and genetics of zebrafish hematopoiesis underpinning their use in hematology research. Whereas reverse genetic techniques enable functional studies of particular genes of interest, forward genetics remains zebrafish's particular strength. Mutants with diverse and interesting hematopoietic defects are emerging from multiple genetic screens. Some mutants model hereditary blood diseases, occasionally leading to disease genes first; others provide insights into developmental hematology. Models of malignant hematologic disorders provide tools for drug-target and pharmaceutics discovery. Numerous transgenic zebrafish with fluorescently marked blood cells enable live-cell imaging of inflammatory responses and host-pathogen interactions previously inaccessible to direct observation in vivo, revealing unexpected aspects of leukocyte behavior. Zebrafish disease models almost uniquely provide a basis for efficient whole animal chemical library screens for new therapeutics. Despite some limitations and challenges, their successes and discovery potential mean that zebrafish are here to stay in hematology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Carradice
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Reserch, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, and Department of Clinical Haematology and Medical Oncology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
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41
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Baldessari D, Mione M. How to create the vascular tree? (Latest) help from the zebrafish. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 118:206-30. [PMID: 18439684 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system provides oxygen, nutrients and hormones to organs, it directs traffic of metabolites and it maintains tissue homeostasis. It is one of the first organs assembled during vertebrate development and it is essential to life from early stages to adult. For these reasons, the process of vessel formation has being studied for more than a century, but it is only in the late eighties that there has been an explosion of research in the field with the employment of various in vitro and in vivo model systems. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) offers several advantages for in vivo studies; it played a fundamental role in new discoveries and helped to refine our knowledge of the vascular system. This review recapitulates the zebrafish data on vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, including the specification of the haemangioblasts from the mesoderm, their migration to form the vascular cord followed by axial vessels specification, the primary and secondary sprouting of intersomitic vessels, the formation of the lumen, the arterial versus venous specification and patterning. To emphasize the strengths of the zebrafish system in the vascular field, we summarize main tools, such as gene expression and mutagenesis screens, knock down technologies, transgenic lines and imaging, which played a major role in the development of the field and allowed significant discoveries, for instance the recent visualization of the lymphatic system in zebrafish. This information contributes to the prospective of drug discovery to cure human diseases linked to angiogenesis, not last tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Baldessari
- IFOM-IEO Campus (FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation-European Institute of Oncology), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy.
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42
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Abstract
Mutations in SOX18 cause the human hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia (HLT) syndrome. Their murine counterparts are the spontaneous ragged mutants, showing combined defects in hair follicle, blood vessel, and lymphatic vessel development. Mice null for Sox18 display only mild coat defects, suggesting a dominant-negative effect of Sox18/ragged mutations and functional redundancy between Sox18 and other Sox-F proteins. We addressed this point in zebrafish. The zebrafish homologs of Sox18 and of Sox7 are expressed in angioblasts and in the endothelial component of nascent blood vessels in embryos. Knockdown of either gene, using moderate doses of specific morpholinos, had minimal effects on vessels. In contrast, simultaneous knockdown of both genes resulted in multiple fusions between the major axial vessels. With combined use of transgenic lines and molecular markers, we could show that endothelial cells are specified, but fail to acquire a correct arteriovenous identity. Venous endothelial cell differentiation was more severely affected than arterial. Thus, sox7 and sox18 play redundant but collectively essential roles in the establishment of proper arteriovenous identity in zebrafish. Our data suggest that a defect in arteriovenous identity could be responsible for the formation of telangiectases in patients with HLT.
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43
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Recent papers on zebrafish and other aquarium fish models. Zebrafish 2008; 2:125-37. [PMID: 18248172 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2005.2.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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44
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Holtzman NG, Schoenebeck JJ, Tsai HJ, Yelon D. Endocardium is necessary for cardiomyocyte movement during heart tube assembly. Development 2007; 134:2379-86. [PMID: 17537802 DOI: 10.1242/dev.02857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic heart formation requires the union of bilateral populations of cardiomyocytes and their reorganization into a simple tube. Little is known about the morphogenetic mechanisms that coordinate assembly of the heart tube and determine its dimensions. Using time-lapse confocal microscopy to track individual cardiomyocyte movements in the zebrafish embryo, we identify two morphologically and genetically separable phases of cell movement that coordinate heart tube assembly. First, all cardiomyocytes undergo coherent medial movement. Next, peripherally located cardiomyocytes change their direction of movement, angling toward the endocardial precursors and thereby establishing the initial circumference of the nascent heart tube. These two phases of cardiomyocyte behavior are independently regulated. Furthermore, we find that myocardial-endocardial interactions influence the second phase by regulating the induction, direction and duration of cardiomyocyte movement. Thus, the endocardium plays a crucial early role in cardiac morphogenesis, organizing cardiomyocytes into a configuration appropriate for heart tube assembly. Together, our data reveal a dynamic cellular mechanism by which tissue interactions establish organ architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Glickman Holtzman
- Developmental Genetics Program and Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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45
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Qian F, Zhen F, Xu J, Huang M, Li W, Wen Z. Distinct functions for different scl isoforms in zebrafish primitive and definitive hematopoiesis. PLoS Biol 2007; 5:e132. [PMID: 17472439 PMCID: PMC1858710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0050132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The stem-cell leukemia (SCL, also known as TAL1) gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is essential for the initiation of primitive and definitive hematopoiesis, erythrocyte and megakarocyte differentiation, angiogenesis, and astrocyte development. Here we report that the zebrafish produces, through an alternative promoter site, a novel truncated scl (tal1) isoform, scl-beta, which manifests a temporal and spatial expression distinct from the previously described full-length scl-alpha. Functional analysis reveals that while scl-alpha and -beta are redundant for the initiation of primitive hematopoiesis, these two isoforms exert distinct functions in the regulation of primitive erythroid differentiation and definitive hematopoietic stem cell specification. We further demonstrate that differences in the protein expression levels of scl-alpha and -beta, by regulating their protein stability, are likely to give rise to their distinct functions. Our findings suggest that hematopoietic cells at different levels of hierarchy are likely governed by a gradient of the Scl protein established through temporal and spatial patterns of expression of the different isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qian
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fenghua Zhen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jin Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mei Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wanyu Li
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zilong Wen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Immunology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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46
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Douglas SE. Microarray studies of gene expression in fish. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2007; 10:474-89. [PMID: 17233558 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2006.10.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of microarrays for the study of various aspects of fish physiology has seen a spectacular increase in recent years. From early studies with model species, such as zebrafish, to current studies with commercially important species, such as salmonids, catfish, carp, and flatfish, microarray technology has emerged as a key tool for understanding developmental processes as well as basic physiology. In addition, microarrays are being applied to the fields of ecotoxicology and nutrigenomics. A number of different platforms are now available, ranging from microarrays containing cDNA amplicons to oligomers of various sizes. High-density microarrays containing hundreds of thousands of distinct oligomers have been developed for zebrafish and catfish. As this exciting technology advances, so will our understanding of global gene expression in fish. Furthermore, lessons learned from this experimentally tractable group of organisms can also be applied to more advanced organisms such as humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Douglas
- Institute for Marine Bioscience, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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47
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Covassin L, Amigo JD, Suzuki K, Teplyuk V, Straubhaar J, Lawson ND. Global analysis of hematopoietic and vascular endothelial gene expression by tissue specific microarray profiling in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2006; 299:551-62. [PMID: 16999953 PMCID: PMC1779954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2006] [Revised: 07/28/2006] [Accepted: 08/06/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we utilize fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) of cells from transgenic zebrafish coupled with microarray analysis to globally analyze expression of cell type specific genes. We find that it is possible to isolate cell populations from Tg(fli1:egfp)(y1) zebrafish embryos that are enriched in vascular, hematopoietic and pharyngeal arch cell types. Microarray analysis of GFP+ versus GFP- cells isolated from Tg(fli1:egfp)(y1) embryos identifies genes expressed in hematopoietic, vascular and pharyngeal arch tissue, consistent with the expression of the fli1:egfp transgene in these cell types. Comparison of expression profiles from GFP+ cells isolated from embryos at two different time points reveals that genes expressed in different fli1+ cell types display distinct temporal expression profiles. We also demonstrate the utility of this approach for gene discovery by identifying numerous previously uncharacterized genes that we find are expressed in fli1:egfp-positive cells, including new markers of blood, endothelial and pharyngeal arch cell types. In parallel, we have developed a database to allow easy access to both our microarray and in situ results. Our results demonstrate that this is a robust approach for identification of cell type specific genes as well as for global analysis of cell type specific gene expression in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kana Suzuki
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, University of
Massachusetts Medical School
| | - Viktor Teplyuk
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, University of
Massachusetts Medical School
| | - Juerg Straubhaar
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, University of
Massachusetts Medical School
| | - Nathan D. Lawson
- Program in Gene Function and Expression and
- * corresponding author: Nathan D. Lawson, Ph.D,.
Assistant Professor, Program in Gene Function and Expression, University of
Massachusetts Medical School, Lazare Research Building, Room 617, 364 Plantation
Street, Worcester, MA 01605 Phone: (508) 856-1177 Fax: (508) 856-5460 e-mail:
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48
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Goishi K, Shimizu A, Najarro G, Watanabe S, Rogers R, Zon LI, Klagsbrun M. AlphaA-crystallin expression prevents gamma-crystallin insolubility and cataract formation in the zebrafish cloche mutant lens. Development 2006; 133:2585-93. [PMID: 16728471 DOI: 10.1242/dev.02424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cataracts, the loss of lens transparency, are the leading cause of human blindness. The zebrafish embryo, with its transparency and relatively large eyes, is an excellent model for studying ocular disease in vivo. We found that the zebrafish cloche mutant, both the cloche(m39) and cloche(S5) alleles, which have defects in hematopoiesis and blood vessel development, also have lens cataracts. Quantitative examination of the living zebrafish lens by confocal microscopy showed significant increases in lens reflectance. Histological analysis revealed retention of lens fiber cell nuclei owing to impeded terminal differentiation. Proteomics identified gamma-crystallin as a protein that was substantially diminished in cloche mutants. Crystallins are the major structural proteins in mouse, human and zebrafish lens. Defects in crystallins have previously been shown in mice and humans to contribute to cataracts. The loss of gamma-crystallin protein in cloche was not due to lowered mRNA levels but rather to gamma-crystallin protein insolubility. AlphaA-crystallin is a chaperone that protects proteins from misfolding and becoming insoluble. The cloche lens is deficient in both alphaA-crystallin mRNA and protein during development from 2-5 dpf. Overexpression of exogenous alphaA-crystallin rescued the cloche lens phenotype, including solubilization of gamma-crystallin, increased lens transparency and induction of lens fiber cell differentiation. Taken together, these results indicate that alphaA-crystallin expression is required for normal lens development and demonstrate that cataract formation can be prevented in vivo. In addition, these results show that proteomics is a valuable tool for detecting protein alterations in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Goishi
- Vascular Biology Program/Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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49
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Hanaoka R, Katayama S, Dawid IB, Kawahara A. Characterization of the heme synthesis enzyme coproporphyrinogen oxidase (CPO) in zebrafish erythrogenesis. Genes Cells 2006; 11:293-303. [PMID: 16483317 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2006.00939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin consists of heme and globin proteins and is essential for oxygen transport in all vertebrates. Although biochemical features of heme synthesis enzymes have been well characterized, the function of these enzymes in early embryogenesis is not fully understood. We found that the sixth heme synthesis enzyme, coproporphyrinogen oxidase (CPO), is predominantly expressed in the intermediate cell mass (ICM) that is a major site of zebrafish primitive hematopoiesis. Knockdown of zebrafish CPO using anti-sense morpholinos (CPO-MO) leads to a significant suppression of hemoglobin production without apparent reduction of blood cells. Injection of human CPO RNA, but not a mutant CPO RNA that is similar to a mutant responsible for a hereditary coproporphyria (HCP), restores hemoglobin production in the CPO-MO-injected embryos. Furthermore, expression of CPO in the ICM is severely suppressed in both vlad tepes/gata1 mutants and in biklf-MO-injected embryos. In contrast, over-expression of biklf and gata1 significantly induces ectopic CPO expression. The function of CPO in heme biosynthesis is apparently conserved between zebrafish and human, suggesting that CPO-MO-injected zebrafish embryos might be a useful in vivo assay system to measure the biological activity of human CPO mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuki Hanaoka
- Laboratory of Developmental Molecular Genetics, Horizontal Medical Research Organization, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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50
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Hogan BM, Pase L, Hall NE, Lieschke GJ. Characterisation of duplicate zinc finger like 2 erythroid precursor genes in zebrafish. Dev Genes Evol 2006; 216:523-9. [PMID: 16532340 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-006-0062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2005] [Accepted: 01/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In separate expression pattern and micro-array screens the zinc finger containing factor, znfl2, has been previously implicated in hematopoiesis. Here we analysed znfl2 expression in detail and performed genetic epistatic analysis in a series of hematopoietic mutants and transient gain-of-function models. znfl2 expression in the hematopoietic intermediate mesoderm and derived erythrocytes required early genes cloche and spadetail, but not gata1. Expression was up-regulated in scl gain-of-function embryos, identifying znfl2 as an early erythroid factor that is regulated upstream or independently of gata1. Furthermore, we identified a duplicate znfl2 gene in the genome (znfl2b) which was expressed in early mesendoderm and weakly in the lateral plate mesoderm, overlapping in expression with znfl2. The production of loss-of-function models for znfl2, znfl2b and znfl2/znfl2b together suggested that these erythrocyte specific zinc finger genes are dispensible for erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Hogan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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