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Yi X, Qin H, Li G, Kong R, Liu C. Isomer-specific cardiotoxicity induced by tricresyl phosphate in zebrafish embryos/larvae. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134753. [PMID: 38823104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) has received extensive attentions due to its potential adverse effects, while the toxicological information of TCP isomers is limited. In this study, 2 h post-fertilization zebrafish embryos were exposed to tri-o-cresyl phosphate (ToCP), tri-m-cresyl phosphate (TmCP) or tri-p-cresyl phosphate (TpCP) at concentrations of 0, 100, 300 and 600 μg/L until 120 hpf, and the cardiotoxicity and mechanism of TCP isomers in zebrafish embryos/larvae were evaluated. The results showed that ToCP or TmCP exposure induced cardiac morphological defects and dysfunction in zebrafish, characterized by increased distance between sinus venosus and bulbus arteriosis, increased atrium and pericardial sac area, trabecular defects, and decreased heart rate and blood flow velocity, while no adverse effects of TpCP on zebrafish heart were found. Transcriptomic results revealed that extracellular matrix (ECM) and motor proteins, as well as PPAR signaling pathways, were included in the cardiac morphological defects and dysfunction induced by ToCP and TmCP. Co-exposure test with D-mannitol indicated that the inhibition of energy metabolism by ToCP and TmCP affected cardiac morphology and function by decreasing osmoregulation. This study is the first to report the cardiotoxicity induced by TCP in zebrafish from an isomer perspective, providing a new insight into the toxicity of TCP isomers and highlighting the importance of evaluating the toxicity of different isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun'e Yi
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haiyu Qin
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ren Kong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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2
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Olejnickova V, Hamor PU, Janacek J, Bartos M, Zabrodska E, Sankova B, Kvasilova A, Kolesova H, Sedmera D. Development of ventricular trabeculae affects electrical conduction in the early endothermic heart. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:78-90. [PMID: 36400745 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ventricular trabeculae play a role, among others, in the impulse spreading in ectothermic hearts. Despite the morphological similarity with the early developing hearts of endotherms, this trabecular function in mammalian and avian embryos was poorly addressed. RESULTS We simulated impulse propagation inside the looping ventricle and revealed delayed apical activation in the heart with inhibited trabecular growth. This finding was corroborated by direct imaging of the endocardial surface showing early activation within the trabeculae implying preferential spreading of depolarization along with them. Targeting two crucial pathways of trabecular formation (Neuregulin/ErbB and Nkx2.5), we showed that trabecular development is also essential for proper conduction patterning. Persistence of the slow isotropic conduction likely contributed to the pumping failure in the trabeculae-deficient hearts. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed the essential role of trabeculae in intraventricular impulse spreading and conduction patterning in the early endothermic heart. Lack of trabeculae leads to the failure of conduction parameters differentiation resulting in primitive ventricular activation with consequent impact on the cardiac pumping function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Olejnickova
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Uriel Hamor
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Janacek
- Laboratory of Biomathematics, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bartos
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Stomatology, General University Hospital in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Zabrodska
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Sankova
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Kvasilova
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kolesova
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmera
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Gregorovicova M, Lashkarinia SS, Yap CH, Tomek V, Sedmera D. Hemodynamics During Development and Postnatal Life. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:201-226. [PMID: 38884713 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
A well-developed heart is essential for embryonic survival. There are constant interactions between cardiac tissue motion and blood flow, which determine the heart shape itself. Hemodynamic forces are a powerful stimulus for cardiac growth and differentiation. Therefore, it is particularly interesting to investigate how the blood flows through the heart and how hemodynamics is linked to a particular species and its development, including human. The appropriate patterns and magnitude of hemodynamic stresses are necessary for the proper formation of cardiac structures, and hemodynamic perturbations have been found to cause malformations via identifiable mechanobiological molecular pathways. There are significant differences in cardiac hemodynamics among vertebrate species, which go hand in hand with the presence of specific anatomical structures. However, strong similarities during development suggest a common pattern for cardiac hemodynamics in human adults. In the human fetal heart, hemodynamic abnormalities during gestation are known to progress to congenital heart malformations by birth. In this chapter, we discuss the current state of the knowledge of the prenatal cardiac hemodynamics, as discovered through small and large animal models, as well as from clinical investigations, with parallels gathered from the poikilotherm vertebrates that emulate some hemodynamically significant human congenital heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Gregorovicova
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Choon Hwai Yap
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Viktor Tomek
- Pediatric Cardiology, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmera
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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4
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Giardoglou P, Deloukas P, Dedoussis G, Beis D. Cfdp1 Is Essential for Cardiac Development and Function. Cells 2023; 12:1994. [PMID: 37566073 PMCID: PMC10417793 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the prevalent cause of mortality worldwide. A combination of environmental and genetic effectors modulates the risk of developing them. Thus, it is vital to identify candidate genes and elucidate their role in the manifestation of the disease. Large-scale human studies have revealed the implication of Craniofacial Development Protein 1 (CFDP1) in Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). CFDP1 belongs to the evolutionary conserved Bucentaur (BCNT) family, and to date, its function and mechanism of action in Cardiovascular Development are still unclear. We utilized zebrafish to investigate the role of cfdp1 in the developing heart due to the high genomic homology, similarity in heart physiology, and ease of experimental manipulations. We showed that cfdp1 was expressed during development, and we tested two morpholinos and generated a cfdp1 mutant line. The cfdp1-/- embryos developed arrhythmic hearts and exhibited defective cardiac performance, which led to a lethal phenotype. Findings from both knockdown and knockout experiments showed that abrogation of cfdp1 leads to downregulation of Wnt signaling in embryonic hearts during valve development but without affecting Notch activation in this process. The cfdp1 zebrafish mutant line provides a valuable tool for unveiling the novel mechanism of regulating cardiac physiology and function. cfdp1 is essential for cardiac development, a previously unreported phenotype most likely due to early lethality in mice. The detected phenotype of bradycardia and arrhythmias is an observation with potential clinical relevance for humans carrying heterozygous CFDP1 mutations and their risk of developing CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Giardoglou
- Zebrafish Disease Model Laboratory, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK;
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitris Beis
- Zebrafish Disease Model Laboratory, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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5
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Salehin N, Teranikar T, Lee J, Chuong CJ. Ventricular anisotropic deformation and contractile function of the developing heart of zebrafish in vivo. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:247-262. [PMID: 36057940 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The developing zebrafish ventricle generates higher intraventricular pressure (IVP) with increasing stroke volume and cardiac output at different developmental stages to meet the metabolic demands of the rapidly growing embryo (Salehin et al. Ann Biomed Eng, 2021;49(9): 2080-2093). To understand the changing role of the developing embryonic heart, we studied its biomechanical characteristics during in vivo cardiac cycles. By combining changes in wall strains and IVP measurements, we assessed ventricular wall stiffness during diastolic filling and the ensuing systolic IVP-generation capacity during 3-, 4-, and 5-day post fertilization (dpf). We further examined the anisotropy of wall deformation, in different regions within the ventricle, throughout a complete cardiac cycle. RESULTS We found the ventricular walls grow increasingly stiff during diastolic filling with a corresponding increase in IVP-generation capacity from 3- to 4- and 5-dpf groups. In addition, we found the corresponding increasing level of anisotropic wall deformation through cardiac cycles that favor the latitudinal direction, with the most pronounced found in the equatorial region of the ventricle. CONCLUSIONS From 3- to 4- and 5-dpf groups, the ventricular wall myocardium undergoes increasing level of anisotropic deformation. This, in combination with the increasing wall stiffness and IVP-generation capacity, allows the developing heart to effectively pump blood to meet the rapidly growing embryo's needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabid Salehin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Tanveer Teranikar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Cheng-Jen Chuong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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6
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Ma J, Gu Y, Liu J, Song J, Zhou T, Jiang M, Wen Y, Guo X, Zhou Z, Sha J, He J, Hu Z, Luo L, Liu M. Functional screening of congenital heart disease risk loci identifies 5 genes essential for heart development in zebrafish. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 80:19. [PMID: 36574072 PMCID: PMC11073085 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect worldwide and a main cause of perinatal and infant mortality. Our previous genome-wide association study identified 53 SNPs that associated with CHD in the Han Chinese population. Here, we performed functional screening of 27 orthologous genes in zebrafish using injection of antisense morpholino oligos. From this screen, 5 genes were identified as essential for heart development, including iqgap2, ptprt, ptpn22, tbck and maml3. Presumptive roles of the novel CHD-related genes include heart chamber formation (iqgap2 and ptprt) and atrioventricular canal formation (ptpn22 and tbck). While deficiency of maml3 led to defective cardiac trabeculation and consequent heart failure in zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, we found that maml3 mutants showed decreased cardiomyocyte proliferation which caused a reduction in cardiac trabeculae due to inhibition of Notch signaling. Together, our study identifies 5 novel CHD-related genes that are essential for heart development in zebrafish and first demonstrates that maml3 is required for Notch signaling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Ma
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yayun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Jingmei Song
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Yang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Zuomin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Jiahao Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Jianbo He
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Mingxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China.
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7
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Messerschmidt VL, Chintapula U, Bonetesta F, Laboy-Segarra S, Naderi A, Nguyen KT, Cao H, Mager E, Lee J. In vivo Evaluation of Non-viral NICD Plasmid-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles in Developing Zebrafish to Improve Cardiac Functions. Front Physiol 2022; 13:819767. [PMID: 35283767 PMCID: PMC8906778 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.819767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of the advanced nanomaterials, use of nanoparticles has been highlighted in biomedical research. However, the demonstration of DNA plasmid delivery with nanoparticles for in vivo gene delivery experiments must be carefully tested due to many possible issues, including toxicity. The purpose of the current study was to deliver a Notch Intracellular Domain (NICD)-encoded plasmid via poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles and to investigate the toxic environmental side effects for an in vivo experiment. In addition, we demonstrated the target delivery to the endothelium, including the endocardial layer, which is challenging to manipulate gene expression for cardiac functions due to the beating heart and rapid blood pumping. For this study, we used a zebrafish animal model and exposed it to nanoparticles at varying concentrations to observe for specific malformations over time for toxic effects of PLGA nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle. Our nanoparticles caused significantly less malformations than the positive control, ZnO nanoparticles. Additionally, the NICD plasmid was successfully delivered by PLGA nanoparticles and significantly increased Notch signaling related genes. Furthermore, our image based deep-learning analysis approach evaluated that the antibody conjugated nanoparticles were successfully bound to the endocardium to overexpress Notch related genes and improve cardiac function such as ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and cardiac output. This research demonstrates that PLGA nanoparticle-mediated target delivery to upregulate Notch related genes which can be a potential therapeutic approach with minimum toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Messerschmidt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Uday Chintapula
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Fabrizio Bonetesta
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Samantha Laboy-Segarra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Amir Naderi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kytai T Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Hung Cao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Edward Mager
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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8
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Qi J, Rittershaus A, Priya R, Mansingh S, Stainier DYR, Helker CSM. Apelin signaling dependent endocardial protrusions promote cardiac trabeculation in zebrafish. eLife 2022; 11:e73231. [PMID: 35225788 PMCID: PMC8916774 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During cardiac development, endocardial cells (EdCs) produce growth factors to promote myocardial morphogenesis and growth. In particular, EdCs produce neuregulin which is required for ventricular cardiomyocytes (CMs) to seed the multicellular ridges known as trabeculae. Defects in neuregulin signaling, or in endocardial sprouting toward CMs, cause hypotrabeculation. However, the mechanisms underlying endocardial sprouting remain largely unknown. Here, we first show by live imaging in zebrafish embryos that EdCs interact with CMs via dynamic membrane protrusions. After touching CMs, these protrusions remain in close contact with their target despite the vigorous cardiac contractions. Loss of the CM-derived peptide Apelin, or of the Apelin receptor, which is expressed in EdCs, leads to reduced endocardial sprouting and hypotrabeculation. Mechanistically, neuregulin signaling requires endocardial protrusions to induce extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) activity in CMs and trigger their delamination. Altogether, these data show that Apelin signaling-dependent endocardial protrusions modulate CM behavior during trabeculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Qi
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Annegret Rittershaus
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Rashmi Priya
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Shivani Mansingh
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Didier YR Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Christian SM Helker
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
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9
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Abrial M, Basu S, Huang M, Butty V, Schwertner A, Jeffrey S, Jordan D, Burns CE, Burns CG. Latent TGFβ binding proteins 1 and 3 protect the larval zebrafish outflow tract from aneurysmal dilatation. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:274139. [PMID: 35098309 PMCID: PMC8990920 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.046979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic root aneurysm is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in Loeys-Dietz and Marfan Syndromes, where perturbations in TGFβ signaling play a causal or contributory role, respectively. Despite the advantages of cross-species disease modeling, animal models of aortic root aneurysm are largely restricted to genetically engineered mice. Here, we report that zebrafish devoid of latent TGFβ binding protein (ltbp) 1 and 3 develop rapid and severe aneurysm of the outflow tract (OFT), the aortic root equivalent. Similar to syndromic aneurysm tissue, the distended OFTs display evidence for paradoxical hyperactivated TGFβ signaling. RNA-sequencing revealed significant overlap between the molecular signatures of disease tissue from mutant zebrafish and Marfan mice. Lastly, chemical inhibition of TGFβ signaling in wild-type animals phenocopied mutants but chemical activation did not, demonstrating that TGFβ signaling is protective against aneurysm. Human relevance is supported by recent studies implicating genetic lesions in LTBP3 and potentially LTBP1 as heritable causes of aortic root aneurysm. Ultimately, our data demonstrate that zebrafish can now be leveraged to interrogate thoracic aneurysmal disease and identify novel lead compounds through small molecule suppressor screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryline Abrial
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sandeep Basu
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mengmeng Huang
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vincent Butty
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology BioMicroCenter, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Asya Schwertner
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Spencer Jeffrey
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Daniel Jordan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Caroline E Burns
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - C Geoffrey Burns
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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10
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Gauvrit S, Bossaer J, Lee J, Collins MM. Modeling Human Cardiac Arrhythmias: Insights from Zebrafish. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9010013. [PMID: 35050223 PMCID: PMC8779270 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmia, or irregular heart rhythm, is associated with morbidity and mortality and is described as one of the most important future public health challenges. Therefore, developing new models of cardiac arrhythmia is critical for understanding disease mechanisms, determining genetic underpinnings, and developing new therapeutic strategies. In the last few decades, the zebrafish has emerged as an attractive model to reproduce in vivo human cardiac pathologies, including arrhythmias. Here, we highlight the contribution of zebrafish to the field and discuss the available cardiac arrhythmia models. Further, we outline techniques to assess potential heart rhythm defects in larval and adult zebrafish. As genetic tools in zebrafish continue to bloom, this model will be crucial for functional genomics studies and to develop personalized anti-arrhythmic therapies.
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11
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Dissecting the Complexity of Early Heart Progenitor Cells. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 9:jcdd9010005. [PMID: 35050215 PMCID: PMC8779398 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Early heart development depends on the coordinated participation of heterogeneous cell sources. As pioneer work from Adriana C. Gittenberger-de Groot demonstrated, characterizing these distinct cell sources helps us to understand congenital heart defects. Despite decades of research on the segregation of lineages that form the primitive heart tube, we are far from understanding its full complexity. Currently, single-cell approaches are providing an unprecedented level of detail on cellular heterogeneity, offering new opportunities to decipher its functional role. In this review, we will focus on three key aspects of early heart morphogenesis: First, the segregation of myocardial and endocardial lineages, which yields an early lineage diversification in cardiac development; second, the signaling cues driving differentiation in these progenitor cells; and third, the transcriptional heterogeneity of cardiomyocyte progenitors of the primitive heart tube. Finally, we discuss how single-cell transcriptomics and epigenomics, together with live imaging and functional analyses, will likely transform the way we delve into the complexity of cardiac development and its links with congenital defects.
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12
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Gunawan F, Priya R, Stainier DYR. Sculpting the heart: Cellular mechanisms shaping valves and trabeculae. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 73:26-34. [PMID: 34147705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The transformation of the heart from a simple tube to a complex organ requires the orchestration of several morphogenetic processes. Two structures critical for cardiac function, the cardiac valves and the trabecular network, are formed through extensive tissue morphogenesis-endocardial cell migration, deadhesion and differentiation into fibroblast-like cells during valve formation, and cardiomyocyte delamination and apico-basal depolarization during trabeculation. Here, we review current knowledge of how these specialized structures acquire their shape by focusing on the underlying cellular behaviors and molecular mechanisms, highlighting findings from in vivo models and briefly discussing the recent advances in cardiac cell culture and organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Gunawan
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Frankfurt, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Rashmi Priya
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Frankfurt, Giessen, Germany.
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13
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Zhou Q, Lei L, Zhang H, Chiu SC, Gao L, Yang R, Wei W, Peng G, Zhu X, Xiong JW. Proprotein convertase furina is required for heart development in zebrafish. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272418. [PMID: 34622921 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac looping and trabeculation are key processes during cardiac chamber maturation. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we report the isolation, cloning and characterization of the proprotein convertase furina from the cardiovascular mutant loft in zebrafish. loft is an ethylnitrosourea-induced mutant and has evident defects in the cardiac outflow tract, heart looping and trabeculation, the craniofacial region and pharyngeal arch arteries. Positional cloning revealed that furina mRNA was barely detectable in loft mutants, and loft failed to complement the TALEN-induced furina mutant pku338, confirming that furina is responsible for the loft mutant phenotypes. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that Notch reporter Tg(tp1:mCherry) signals were largely eliminated in mutant hearts, and overexpression of the Notch intracellular domain partially rescued the mutant phenotypes, probably due to the lack of Furina-mediated cleavage processing of Notch1b proteins, the only Notch receptor expressed in the heart. Together, our data suggest a potential post-translational modification of Notch1b proteins via the proprotein convertase Furina in the heart, and unveil the function of the Furina-Notch1b axis in cardiac looping and trabeculation in zebrafish, and possibly in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinchao Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hefei Zhang
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shih-Ching Chiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ran Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wensheng Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gang Peng
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing-Wei Xiong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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14
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Chakraborty S, Allmon E, Sepúlveda MS, Vlachos PP. Haemodynamic dependence of mechano-genetic evolution of the cardiovascular system in Japanese medaka. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210752. [PMID: 34699728 PMCID: PMC8548083 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of cardiac gene expression-wall shear stress (WSS) interplay is critical to identifying developmental defects during cardiovascular morphogenesis. However, mechano-genetics from the embryonic to larval stages are poorly understood in vertebrates. We quantified peak WSS in the heart and tail vessels of Japanese medaka from 3 days post fertilization (dpf) to 14 dpf using in vivo micro-particle image velocimetry flow measurements, and in parallel analysed the expression of five cardiac genes (fgf8, hoxb6b, bmp4, nkx2.5, smyd1). Here, we report that WSS in the atrioventricular canal (AVC), ventricular outflow tract (OFT), and the caudal vessels in medaka peak with inflection points at 6 dpf and 10-11 dpf instead of a monotonic trend. Retrograde flows are captured at the AVC and OFT of the medaka heart for the first time. In addition, all genes were upregulated at 3 dpf and 7 dpf, indicating a possible correlation between the two, with the cardiac gene upregulation preceding WSS increase in order to facilitate cardiac wall remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreyashi Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Elizabeth Allmon
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Maria S. Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Pavlos P. Vlachos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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15
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Bornhorst D, Abdelilah-Seyfried S. Strong as a Hippo's Heart: Biomechanical Hippo Signaling During Zebrafish Cardiac Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:731101. [PMID: 34422841 PMCID: PMC8375320 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.731101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is comprised of multiple tissues that contribute to its physiological functions. During development, the growth of myocardium and endocardium is coupled and morphogenetic processes within these separate tissue layers are integrated. Here, we discuss the roles of mechanosensitive Hippo signaling in growth and morphogenesis of the zebrafish heart. Hippo signaling is involved in defining numbers of cardiac progenitor cells derived from the secondary heart field, in restricting the growth of the epicardium, and in guiding trabeculation and outflow tract formation. Recent work also shows that myocardial chamber dimensions serve as a blueprint for Hippo signaling-dependent growth of the endocardium. Evidently, Hippo pathway components act at the crossroads of various signaling pathways involved in embryonic zebrafish heart development. Elucidating how biomechanical Hippo signaling guides heart morphogenesis has direct implications for our understanding of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Bornhorst
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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16
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Gao R, Ren J. Zebrafish Models in Therapeutic Research of Cardiac Conduction Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:731402. [PMID: 34422842 PMCID: PMC8371477 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.731402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Malfunction in the cardiac conduction system (CCS) due to congenital anomalies or diseases can cause cardiac conduction disease (CCD), which results in disturbances in cardiac rhythm, leading to syncope and even sudden cardiac death. Insights into development of the CCS components, including pacemaker cardiomyocytes (CMs), atrioventricular node (AVN) and the ventricular conduction system (VCS), can shed light on the pathological and molecular mechanisms underlying CCD, provide approaches for generating human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived CCS cells, and thus improve therapeutic treatment for such a potentially life-threatening disorder of the heart. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling CCS development remain elusive. The zebrafish has become a valuable vertebrate model to investigate early development of CCS components because of its unique features such as external fertilization, embryonic optical transparency and the ability to survive even with severe cardiovascular defects during development. In this review, we highlight how the zebrafish has been utilized to dissect the cellular and molecular mechanisms of CCS development, and how the evolutionarily conserved developmental mechanisms discovered in zebrafish could be applied to directing the creation of hPSC-derived CCS cells, therefore providing potential therapeutic strategies that may contribute to better treatment for CCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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17
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Sarvari P, Rasouli SJ, Allanki S, Stone OA, Sokol AM, Graumann J, Stainier DYR. The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Rbx1 regulates cardiac wall morphogenesis in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2021; 480:1-12. [PMID: 34363825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac trabeculae are muscular ridge-like structures within the ventricular wall that are crucial for cardiac function. In zebrafish, these structures first form primarily through the delamination of compact wall cardiomyocytes (CMs). Although defects in proteasomal degradation have been associated with decreased cardiac function, whether they also affect cardiac development has not been extensively analyzed. Here we report a role during cardiac wall morphogenesis in zebrafish for the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Rbx1, which has been shown to regulate the degradation of key signaling molecules. Although development is largely unperturbed in zebrafish rbx1 mutant larvae, they exhibit CM multi-layering. This phenotype is not affected by blocking ErbB signaling, but fails to manifest itself in the absence of blood flow/cardiac contractility. Surprisingly, rbx1 mutants display ErbB independent Notch reporter expression in the myocardium. We generated tissue-specific rbx1 overexpression lines and found that endothelial, but not myocardial, specific rbx1 expression normalizes the cardiac wall morphogenesis phenotype. In addition, we found that pharmacological activation of Hedgehog signaling ameliorates the multi-layered myocardial wall phenotype in rbx1 mutants. Collectively, our data indicate that endocardial activity of Rbx1 is essential for cardiac wall morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pourya Sarvari
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - S Javad Rasouli
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Srinivas Allanki
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Oliver A Stone
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Anna M Sokol
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany.
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18
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Tsedeke AT, Allanki S, Gentile A, Jimenez-Amilburu V, Rasouli SJ, Guenther S, Lai SL, Stainier DY, Marín-Juez R. Cardiomyocyte heterogeneity during zebrafish development and regeneration. Dev Biol 2021; 476:259-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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19
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Hallab JC, Nim HT, Stolper J, Chahal G, Waylen L, Bolk F, Elliott DA, Porrello E, Ramialison M. Towards spatio-temporally resolved developmental cardiac gene regulatory networks in zebrafish. Brief Funct Genomics 2021:elab030. [PMID: 34170300 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart formation in the zebrafish involves a rapid, complex series of morphogenetic events in three-dimensional space that spans cardiac lineage specification through to chamber formation and maturation. This process is tightly orchestrated by a cardiac gene regulatory network (GRN), which ensures the precise spatio-temporal deployment of genes critical for heart formation. Alterations of the timing or spatial localisation of gene expression can have a significant impact in cardiac ontogeny and may lead to heart malformations. Hence, a better understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of congenital heart disease relies on understanding the behaviour of cardiac GRNs with precise spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we review the recent technical advances that have expanded our capacity to interrogate the cardiac GRN in zebrafish. In particular, we focus on studies utilising high-throughput technologies to systematically dissect gene expression patterns, both temporally and spatially during heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mirana Ramialison
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute and Systems Biology Institute Australia, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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20
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Incardona JP, Linbo TL, French BL, Cameron J, Peck KA, Laetz CA, Hicks MB, Hutchinson G, Allan SE, Boyd DT, Ylitalo GM, Scholz NL. Low-level embryonic crude oil exposure disrupts ventricular ballooning and subsequent trabeculation in Pacific herring. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 235:105810. [PMID: 33823483 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing awareness that transient, sublethal embryonic exposure to crude oils cause subtle but important forms of delayed toxicity in fish. While the precise mechanisms for this loss of individual fitness are not well understood, they involve the disruption of early cardiogenesis and a subsequent pathological remodeling of the heart much later in juveniles. This developmental cardiotoxicity is attributable, in turn, to the inhibitory actions of crude oil-derived mixtures of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) on specific ion channels and other proteins that collectively drive the rhythmic contractions of heart muscle cells via excitation-contraction coupling. Here we exposed Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) embryos to oiled gravel effluent yielding ΣPAC concentrations as low as ~ 1 μg/L (64 ng/g in tissues). Upon hatching in clean seawater, and following the depuration of tissue PACs (as evidenced by basal levels of cyp1a gene expression), the ventricles of larval herring hearts showed a concentration-dependent reduction in posterior growth (ballooning). This was followed weeks later in feeding larvae by abnormal trabeculation, or formation of the finger-like projections of interior spongy myocardium, and months later with hypertrophy (overgrowth) of the spongy myocardium in early juveniles. Given that heart muscle cell differentiation and migration are driven by Ca2+-dependent intracellular signaling, the observed disruption of ventricular morphogenesis was likely a secondary (downstream) consequence of reduced calcium cycling and contractility in embryonic cardiomyocytes. We propose defective trabeculation as a promising phenotypic anchor for novel morphometric indicators of latent cardiac injury in oil-exposed herring, including an abnormal persistence of cardiac jelly in the ventricle wall and cardiomyocyte hyperproliferation. At a corresponding molecular level, quantitative expression assays in the present study also support biomarker roles for genes known to be involved in muscle contractility (atp2a2, myl7, myh7), cardiomyocyte precursor fate (nkx2.5) and ventricular trabeculation (nrg2, and hbegfa). Overall, our findings reinforce both proximal and indirect roles for dysregulated intracellular calcium cycling in the canonical fish early life stage crude oil toxicity syndrome. More work on Ca2+-mediated cellular dynamics and transcription in developing cardiomyocytes is needed. Nevertheless, the highly specific actions of ΣPAC mixtures on the heart at low, parts-per-billion tissue concentrations directly contravene classical assumptions of baseline (i.e., non-specific) crude oil toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Incardona
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Tiffany L Linbo
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Barbara L French
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James Cameron
- Earth Resources Technology, under contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen A Peck
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cathy A Laetz
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary Beth Hicks
- Oregon State University, Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA
| | - Greg Hutchinson
- Oregon State University, Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA
| | - Sarah E Allan
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Response and Restoration, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Daryle T Boyd
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gina M Ylitalo
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nathaniel L Scholz
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
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21
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Kemmler CL, Riemslagh FW, Moran HR, Mosimann C. From Stripes to a Beating Heart: Early Cardiac Development in Zebrafish. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:17. [PMID: 33578943 PMCID: PMC7916704 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is the first functional organ to form during vertebrate development. Congenital heart defects are the most common type of human birth defect, many originating as anomalies in early heart development. The zebrafish model provides an accessible vertebrate system to study early heart morphogenesis and to gain new insights into the mechanisms of congenital disease. Although composed of only two chambers compared with the four-chambered mammalian heart, the zebrafish heart integrates the core processes and cellular lineages central to cardiac development across vertebrates. The rapid, translucent development of zebrafish is amenable to in vivo imaging and genetic lineage tracing techniques, providing versatile tools to study heart field migration and myocardial progenitor addition and differentiation. Combining transgenic reporters with rapid genome engineering via CRISPR-Cas9 allows for functional testing of candidate genes associated with congenital heart defects and the discovery of molecular causes leading to observed phenotypes. Here, we summarize key insights gained through zebrafish studies into the early patterning of uncommitted lateral plate mesoderm into cardiac progenitors and their regulation. We review the central genetic mechanisms, available tools, and approaches for modeling congenital heart anomalies in the zebrafish as a representative vertebrate model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christian Mosimann
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.L.K.); (F.W.R.); (H.R.M.)
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22
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Abstract
Cardiac development is a complex developmental process that is initiated soon after gastrulation, as two sets of precardiac mesodermal precursors are symmetrically located and subsequently fused at the embryonic midline forming the cardiac straight tube. Thereafter, the cardiac straight tube invariably bends to the right, configuring the first sign of morphological left–right asymmetry and soon thereafter the atrial and ventricular chambers are formed, expanded and progressively septated. As a consequence of all these morphogenetic processes, the fetal heart acquired a four-chambered structure having distinct inlet and outlet connections and a specialized conduction system capable of directing the electrical impulse within the fully formed heart. Over the last decades, our understanding of the morphogenetic, cellular, and molecular pathways involved in cardiac development has exponentially grown. Multiples aspects of the initial discoveries during heart formation has served as guiding tools to understand the etiology of cardiac congenital anomalies and adult cardiac pathology, as well as to enlighten novels approaches to heal the damaged heart. In this review we provide an overview of the complex cellular and molecular pathways driving heart morphogenesis and how those discoveries have provided new roads into the genetic, clinical and therapeutic management of the diseased hearts.
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23
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Computational Modeling of Blood Flow Hemodynamics for Biomechanical Investigation of Cardiac Development and Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8020014. [PMID: 33572675 PMCID: PMC7912127 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is the first functional organ in a developing embryo. Cardiac development continues throughout developmental stages while the heart goes through a serious of drastic morphological changes. Previous animal experiments as well as clinical observations showed that disturbed hemodynamics interfere with the development of the heart and leads to the formation of a variety of defects in heart valves, heart chambers, and blood vessels, suggesting that hemodynamics is a governing factor for cardiogenesis, and disturbed hemodynamics is an important source of congenital heart defects. Therefore, there is an interest to image and quantify the flowing blood through a developing heart. Flow measurement in embryonic fetal heart can be performed using advanced techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or echocardiography. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is another approach especially useful when the other imaging modalities are not available and in-depth flow assessment is needed. The approach is based on numerically solving relevant physical equations to approximate the flow hemodynamics and tissue behavior. This approach is becoming widely adapted to simulate cardiac flows during the embryonic development. While there are few studies for human fetal cardiac flows, many groups used zebrafish and chicken embryos as useful models for elucidating normal and diseased cardiogenesis. In this paper, we explain the major steps to generate CFD models for simulating cardiac hemodynamics in vivo and summarize the latest findings on chicken and zebrafish embryos as well as human fetal hearts.
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24
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Bloomekatz J, Diaz JT, Yelon D, Chi NC. Cardiac Morphogenesis: Crowding and Tension Resolved through Social Distancing. Dev Cell 2021; 56:159-160. [PMID: 33497621 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Organ maturation entails the reshaping of simple tissues into more complex structures critical for function. In a recent issue of Nature, Priya et al. show how tension heterogeneity between developing cardiomyocytes can coordinate the cell behaviors that remodel the architecture of the cardiac chamber wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Bloomekatz
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Jessyka T Diaz
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Deborah Yelon
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Neil C Chi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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25
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Carlantoni C, Allanki S, Kontarakis Z, Rossi A, Piesker J, Günther S, Stainier DY. Tie1 regulates zebrafish cardiac morphogenesis through Tolloid-like 1 expression. Dev Biol 2021; 469:54-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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26
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Mef2c factors are required for early but not late addition of cardiomyocytes to the ventricle. Dev Biol 2020; 470:95-107. [PMID: 33245870 PMCID: PMC7819464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During heart formation, the heart grows and undergoes dramatic morphogenesis to achieve efficient embryonic function. Both in fish and amniotes, much of the growth occurring after initial heart tube formation arises from second heart field (SHF)-derived progenitor cell addition to the arterial pole, allowing chamber formation. In zebrafish, this process has been extensively studied during embryonic life, but it is unclear how larval cardiac growth occurs beyond 3 days post-fertilisation (dpf). By quantifying zebrafish myocardial growth using live imaging of GFP-labelled myocardium we show that the heart grows extensively between 3 and 5 dpf. Using methods to assess cell division, cellular development timing assay and Kaede photoconversion, we demonstrate that proliferation, CM addition, and hypertrophy contribute to ventricle growth. Mechanistically, we show that reduction in Mef2c activity (mef2ca+/-;mef2cb-/-), downstream or in parallel with Nkx2.5 and upstream of Ltbp3, prevents some CM addition and differentiation, resulting in a significantly smaller ventricle by 3 dpf. After 3 dpf, however, CM addition in mef2ca+/-;mef2cb-/- mutants recovers to a normal pace, and the heart size gap between mutants and their siblings diminishes into adulthood. Thus, as in mice, there is an early time window when SHF contribution to the myocardium is particularly sensitive to loss of Mef2c activity.
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27
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Tension heterogeneity directs form and fate to pattern the myocardial wall. Nature 2020; 588:130-134. [PMID: 33208950 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
How diverse cell fates and complex forms emerge and feed back to each other to sculpt functional organs remains unclear. In the developing heart, the myocardium transitions from a simple epithelium to an intricate tissue that consists of distinct layers: the outer compact and inner trabecular layers. Defects in this process, which is known as cardiac trabeculation, cause cardiomyopathies and embryonic lethality, yet how tissue symmetry is broken to specify trabecular cardiomyocytes is unknown. Here we show that local tension heterogeneity drives organ-scale patterning and cell-fate decisions during cardiac trabeculation in zebrafish. Proliferation-induced cellular crowding at the tissue scale triggers tension heterogeneity among cardiomyocytes of the compact layer and drives those with higher contractility to delaminate and seed the trabecular layer. Experimentally, increasing crowding within the compact layer cardiomyocytes augments delamination, whereas decreasing it abrogates delamination. Using genetic mosaics in trabeculation-deficient zebrafish models-that is, in the absence of critical upstream signals such as Nrg-Erbb2 or blood flow-we find that inducing actomyosin contractility rescues cardiomyocyte delamination and is sufficient to drive cardiomyocyte fate specification, as assessed by Notch reporter expression in compact layer cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, Notch signalling perturbs the actomyosin machinery in cardiomyocytes to restrict excessive delamination, thereby preserving the architecture of the myocardial wall. Thus, tissue-scale forces converge on local cellular mechanics to generate complex forms and modulate cell-fate choices, and these multiscale regulatory interactions ensure robust self-organized organ patterning.
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Tsata V, Beis D. In Full Force. Mechanotransduction and Morphogenesis during Homeostasis and Tissue Regeneration. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7040040. [PMID: 33019569 PMCID: PMC7711708 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions of form and function have been the focus of numerous studies in the context of development and more recently regeneration. Our understanding on how cells, tissues and organs sense and interpret external cues, such as mechanical forces, is becoming deeper as novel techniques in imaging are applied and the relevant signaling pathways emerge. These cellular responses can be found from bacteria to all multicellular organisms such as plants and animals. In this review, we focus on hemodynamic flow and endothelial shear stress during cardiovascular development and regeneration, where the interactions of morphogenesis and proper function are more prominent. In addition, we address the recent literature on the role of extracellular matrix and fibrotic response during tissue repair and regeneration. Finally, we refer to examples where the integration of multi-disciplinary approaches to understand the biomechanics of cellular responses could be utilized in novel medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Tsata
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (D.B.); Tel.: +3021-0659-7439 (V.T. & D.B.)
| | - Dimitris Beis
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (D.B.); Tel.: +3021-0659-7439 (V.T. & D.B.)
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29
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Protze SI, Lee JH, Keller GM. Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiovascular Cells: From Developmental Biology to Therapeutic Applications. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 25:311-327. [PMID: 31491395 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Advances in our understanding of cardiovascular development have provided a roadmap for the directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to the major cell types found in the heart. In this Perspective, we review the state of the field in generating and maturing cardiovascular cells from hPSCs based on our fundamental understanding of heart development. We then highlight their applications for studying human heart development, modeling disease-performing drug screening, and cell replacement therapy. With the advancements highlighted here, the promise that hPSCs will deliver new treatments for degenerative and debilitating diseases may soon be fulfilled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie I Protze
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Jee Hoon Lee
- BlueRock Therapeutics ULC, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Gordon M Keller
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
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30
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Development of the ventricular myocardial trabeculae in Scyliorhinus canicula (Chondrichthyes): evolutionary implications. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14434. [PMID: 32879349 PMCID: PMC7468296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71318-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the ventricular myocardial trabeculae occurs in three steps: emergence, trabeculation and remodeling. The whole process has been described in vertebrates with two different myocardial structural types, spongy (zebrafish) and compact (chicken and mouse). In this context, two alternative mechanisms of myocardial trabeculae emergence have been identified: (1) in chicken and mouse, the endocardial cells invade the two-layered myocardium; (2) in zebrafish, cardiomyocytes from the monolayered myocardium invaginate towards the endocardium. Currently, the process has not been studied in detail in vertebrates having a mixed type of ventricular myocardium, with an inner trabecular and an outer compact layer, which is presumptively the most primitive morphology in gnathostomes. We studied the formation of the mixed ventricular myocardium in the lesser spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula, Elasmobranchii), using light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Our results show that early formation of the mixed ventricular myocardium, specifically the emergence and the trabeculation steps, is driven by an endocardial invasion of the myocardium. The mechanism of trabeculation of the mixed ventricular myocardium in chondrichthyans is the one that best reproduces how this developmental process has been established from the beginning of the gnathostome radiation. The process has been apparently preserved throughout the entire group of sarcopterygians, including birds and mammals. In contrast, teleosts, at least those possessing a mostly spongy ventricular myocardium, seem to have introduced notable changes in their myocardial trabeculae development.
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31
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Daems M, Peacock HM, Jones EAV. Fluid flow as a driver of embryonic morphogenesis. Development 2020; 147:147/15/dev185579. [PMID: 32769200 DOI: 10.1242/dev.185579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fluid flow is a powerful morphogenic force during embryonic development. The physical forces created by flowing fluids can either create morphogen gradients or be translated by mechanosensitive cells into biological changes in gene expression. In this Primer, we describe how fluid flow is created in different systems and highlight the important mechanosensitive signalling pathways involved for sensing and transducing flow during embryogenesis. Specifically, we describe how fluid flow helps establish left-right asymmetry in the early embryo and discuss the role of flow of blood, lymph and cerebrospinal fluid in sculpting the embryonic cardiovascular and nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo Daems
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hanna M Peacock
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth A V Jones
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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32
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Shrestha R, Lieberth J, Tillman S, Natalizio J, Bloomekatz J. Using Zebrafish to Analyze the Genetic and Environmental Etiologies of Congenital Heart Defects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1236:189-223. [PMID: 32304074 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-2389-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are among the most common human birth defects. However, the etiology of a large proportion of CHDs remains undefined. Studies identifying the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie cardiac development have been critical to elucidating the origin of CHDs. Building upon this knowledge to understand the pathogenesis of CHDs requires examining how genetic or environmental stress changes normal cardiac development. Due to strong molecular conservation to humans and unique technical advantages, studies using zebrafish have elucidated both fundamental principles of cardiac development and have been used to create cardiac disease models. In this chapter we examine the unique toolset available to zebrafish researchers and how those tools are used to interrogate the genetic and environmental contributions to CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabina Shrestha
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Jaret Lieberth
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Savanna Tillman
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Joseph Natalizio
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
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33
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Advanced blood flow assessment in Zebrafish via experimental digital particle image velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics modeling. Micron 2020; 130:102801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2019.102801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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34
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Fukuda R, Aharonov A, Ong YT, Stone OA, El-Brolosy M, Maischein HM, Potente M, Tzahor E, Stainier DY. Metabolic modulation regulates cardiac wall morphogenesis in zebrafish. eLife 2019; 8:50161. [PMID: 31868165 PMCID: PMC7000217 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During cardiac development, cardiomyocytes form complex inner wall structures called trabeculae. Despite significant investigation into this process, the potential role of metabolism has not been addressed. Using single cell resolution imaging in zebrafish, we find that cardiomyocytes seeding the trabecular layer actively change their shape while compact layer cardiomyocytes remain static. We show that Erbb2 signaling, which is required for trabeculation, activates glycolysis to support changes in cardiomyocyte shape and behavior. Pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis impairs cardiac trabeculation, and cardiomyocyte-specific loss- and gain-of-function manipulations of glycolysis decrease and increase trabeculation, respectively. In addition, loss of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 impairs trabeculation. Experiments with rat neonatal cardiomyocytes in culture further support these observations. Our findings reveal new roles for glycolysis in regulating cardiomyocyte behavior during cardiac wall morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Fukuda
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse, Germany
| | - Alla Aharonov
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yu Ting Ong
- Angiogenesis & Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse, Germany
| | - Oliver A Stone
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse, Germany
| | - Mohamed El-Brolosy
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Maischein
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse, Germany
| | - Michael Potente
- Angiogenesis & Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse, Germany
| | - Eldad Tzahor
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Didier Yr Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse, Germany
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35
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Capasso TL, Li B, Volek HJ, Khalid W, Rochon ER, Anbalagan A, Herdman C, Yost HJ, Villanueva FS, Kim K, Roman BL. BMP10-mediated ALK1 signaling is continuously required for vascular development and maintenance. Angiogenesis 2019; 23:203-220. [PMID: 31828546 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-019-09701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal-dominant vascular disorder characterized by development of high-flow arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) that can lead to stroke or high-output heart failure. HHT2 is caused by heterozygous mutations in ACVRL1, which encodes an endothelial cell bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor, ALK1. BMP9 and BMP10 are established ALK1 ligands. However, the unique and overlapping roles of these ligands remain poorly understood. To define the physiologically relevant ALK1 ligand(s) required for vascular development and maintenance, we generated zebrafish harboring mutations in bmp9 and duplicate BMP10 paralogs, bmp10 and bmp10-like. bmp9 mutants survive to adulthood with no overt phenotype. In contrast, combined loss of bmp10 and bmp10-like results in embryonic lethal cranial AVMs indistinguishable from acvrl1 mutants. However, despite embryonic functional redundancy of bmp10 and bmp10-like, bmp10 encodes the only required Alk1 ligand in the juvenile-to-adult period. bmp10 mutants exhibit blood vessel abnormalities in anterior skin and liver, heart dysmorphology, and premature death, and vascular defects correlate with increased cardiac output. Together, our findings support a unique role for Bmp10 as a non-redundant Alk1 ligand required to maintain the post-embryonic vasculature and establish zebrafish bmp10 mutants as a model for AVM-associated high-output heart failure, which is an increasingly recognized complication of severe liver involvement in HHT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L Capasso
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Bijun Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Harry J Volek
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Waqas Khalid
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Rochon
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Arulselvi Anbalagan
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Chelsea Herdman
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - H Joseph Yost
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Flordeliza S Villanueva
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Kang Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.,Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Beth L Roman
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. .,Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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36
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Duchemin AL, Vignes H, Vermot J, Chow R. Mechanotransduction in cardiovascular morphogenesis and tissue engineering. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2019; 57:106-116. [PMID: 31586750 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular morphogenesis involves cell behavior and cell identity changes that are activated by mechanical forces associated with heart function. Recently, advances in in vivo imaging, methods to alter blood flow, and computational modelling have greatly advanced our understanding of how forces produced by heart contraction and blood flow impact different morphogenetic processes. Meanwhile, traditional genetic approaches have helped to elucidate how endothelial cells respond to forces at the cellular and molecular level. Here we discuss the principles of endothelial mechanosensitity and their interplay with cellular processes during cardiovascular morphogenesis. We then discuss their implications in the field of cardiovascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Duchemin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Helene Vignes
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Julien Vermot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France.
| | - Renee Chow
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
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37
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Defects in Trabecular Development Contribute to Left Ventricular Noncompaction. Pediatr Cardiol 2019; 40:1331-1338. [PMID: 31342111 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-019-02161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder the etiology of which is still debated. During fetal development, trabecular cardiomyocytes contribute extensively to the working myocardium and the ventricular conduction system. The impact of developmental defects in trabecular myocardium in the etiology of LVNC has been debated. Recently we generated new mouse models of LVNC by the conditional deletion of the key cardiac transcription factor encoding gene Nkx2-5 in trabecular myocardium at critical steps of trabecular development. These conditional mutant mice recapitulate pathological features similar to those observed in LVNC patients, including a hypertrabeculated left ventricle with deep endocardial recesses, subendocardial fibrosis, conduction defects, strain defects, and progressive heart failure. After discussing recent findings describing the respective contribution of trabecular and compact myocardium during ventricular morphogenesis, this review will focus on new data reflecting the link between trabecular development and LVNC.
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38
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Epigenetics and Mechanobiology in Heart Development and Congenital Heart Disease. Diseases 2019; 7:diseases7030052. [PMID: 31480510 PMCID: PMC6787645 DOI: 10.3390/diseases7030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect worldwide and the number one killer of live-born infants in the United States. Heart development occurs early in embryogenesis and involves complex interactions between multiple cell populations, limiting the understanding and consequent treatment of CHD. Furthermore, genome sequencing has largely failed to predict or yield therapeutics for CHD. In addition to the underlying genome, epigenetics and mechanobiology both drive heart development. A growing body of evidence implicates the aberrant regulation of these two extra-genomic systems in the pathogenesis of CHD. In this review, we describe the stages of human heart development and the heart defects known to manifest at each stage. Next, we discuss the distinct and overlapping roles of epigenetics and mechanobiology in normal development and in the pathogenesis of CHD. Finally, we highlight recent advances in the identification of novel epigenetic biomarkers and environmental risk factors that may be useful for improved diagnosis and further elucidation of CHD etiology.
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39
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Li R, Baek KI, Chang CC, Zhou B, Hsiai TK. Mechanosensitive Pathways Involved in Cardiovascular Development and Homeostasis in Zebrafish. J Vasc Res 2019; 56:273-283. [PMID: 31466069 DOI: 10.1159/000501883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrhythmia are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries and are steadily increasing in developing countries. Fundamental mechanistic studies at the molecular, cellular, and animal model levels are critical for the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Despite being phylogenetically distant from humans, zebrafish share remarkable similarity in the genetics and electrophysiology of the cardiovascular system. In the last 2 decades, the development and deployment of innovative genetic manipulation techniques greatly facilitated the application of zebrafish as an animal model for studying basic biology and diseases. Hemodynamic shear stress is intimately involved in vascular development and homeostasis. The critical mechanosensitive signaling pathways in cardiovascular development and pathophysiology previously studied in mammals have been recapitulated in zebrafish. In this short article, we reviewed recent knowledge about the role of mechanosensitive pathways such as Notch, PKCε/PFKFB3, and Wnt/Ang2 in cardiovas-cular development and homeostasis from studies in the -zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsong Li
- College of Health Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China,
| | - Kyung In Baek
- Department of Bioengineering,University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chih-Chiang Chang
- Department of Bioengineering,University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bill Zhou
- Department of Radiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Department of Bioengineering,University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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40
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Gálvez-Santisteban M, Chen D, Zhang R, Serrano R, Nguyen C, Zhao L, Nerb L, Masutani EM, Vermot J, Burns CG, Burns CE, del Álamo JC, Chi NC. Hemodynamic-mediated endocardial signaling controls in vivo myocardial reprogramming. eLife 2019; 8:e44816. [PMID: 31237233 PMCID: PMC6592682 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower vertebrate and neonatal mammalian hearts exhibit the remarkable capacity to regenerate through the reprogramming of pre-existing cardiomyocytes. However, how cardiac injury initiates signaling pathways controlling this regenerative reprogramming remains to be defined. Here, we utilize in vivo biophysical and genetic fate mapping zebrafish studies to reveal that altered hemodynamic forces due to cardiac injury activate a sequential endocardial-myocardial signaling cascade to direct cardiomyocyte reprogramming and heart regeneration. Specifically, these altered forces are sensed by the endocardium through the mechanosensitive channel Trpv4 to control Klf2a transcription factor expression. Consequently, Klf2a then activates endocardial Notch signaling which results in the non-cell autonomous initiation of myocardial Erbb2 and BMP signaling to promote cardiomyocyte reprogramming and heart regeneration. Overall, these findings not only reveal how the heart senses and adaptively responds to environmental changes due to cardiac injury, but also provide insight into how flow-mediated mechanisms may regulate cardiomyocyte reprogramming and heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gálvez-Santisteban
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Danni Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ricardo Serrano
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering DepartmentUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Cathleen Nguyen
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering DepartmentUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research CenterMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Laura Nerb
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Evan M Masutani
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Julien Vermot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, INSERM U964, Université de StrasbourgIllkirchFrance
| | - Charles Geoffrey Burns
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research CenterMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Caroline E Burns
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research CenterMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Juan C del Álamo
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering DepartmentUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
- Institute for Engineering in MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Neil C Chi
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
- Institute for Engineering in MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
- Institute of Genomic MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
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41
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Chang Y, Geng F, Hu Y, Ding Y, Zhang R. Zebrafish cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3 is essential for mechanical stability in skeletal muscles. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:604-611. [PMID: 30826063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3 (CSRP3) is a striated muscle-specific cytoskeleton protein which participates in cardiac stretch sensing. Mutations in CSRP3 gene cause cardiomyopathies and deregulation of CSRP3 has been found in patients with heart failure and several skeletal muscle diseases. However, the mechanism underneath these disorders still remains poorly understood. Here we generated the first csrp3 knockout zebrafish. csrp3-/- embryos showed no gross morphological defects but csrp3 deficient skeletal muscle fibers were prone to lesions upon prolonged stretching force. Further studies revealed csrp3 cooperatively interacted with ilk to maintain skeletal muscle mechanical stability and regulated tcap activation. Thus, our work has established a zebrafish model to investigate the function of csrp3 gene, and provides novel insights towards how csrp3 defects may lead to skeletal myopathies by a mechanistic link between Csrp3 and force stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Fang Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yefan Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuecen Ding
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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42
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Naumann B, Schmidt J, Olsson L. FoxN3
is necessary for the development of the interatrial septum, the ventricular trabeculae and the muscles at the head/trunk interface in the African clawed frog,
Xenopus laevis
(Lissamphibia: Anura: Pipidae). Dev Dyn 2019; 248:323-336. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Naumann
- Institut für Zoologie und EvolutionsforschungFriedrich‐Schiller‐Universität Jena Germany
| | - Jennifer Schmidt
- Institut für Zoologie und EvolutionsforschungFriedrich‐Schiller‐Universität Jena Germany
| | - Lennart Olsson
- Institut für Zoologie und EvolutionsforschungFriedrich‐Schiller‐Universität Jena Germany
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43
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Huang M, Zhu F, Jiao J, Wang J, Zhang Y. Exposure to acrylamide disrupts cardiomyocyte interactions during ventricular morphogenesis in zebrafish embryos. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:1337-1345. [PMID: 30625662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA), a ubiquitous chemical that is present in surrounding environment and baked or fried carbohydrate-rich food, has recently been linked to cardiac developmental toxicity. However, the toxicological role of AA exposure in the cardiac development remains largely unknown. Here we showed the cardiotoxicity of AA and its role in cardiomyocyte interactions in zebrafish embryos during ventricular morphogenesis. Using the embryo model of transgenic zebrafish Tg(Tp1:d2GFP;myl7:mCherry), we found AA interfered the dynamics of Notch signaling in the endocardium during early cardiogenesis. Prolonged exposure to AA thickened the chamber wall and prevented the trabeculae from extending into the lumen of ventricular chamber. As a result, AA reduced the ventricular shortening fraction and spatial dimension via excessively activating the Notch signal in myocardium during cardiac maturation. Moreover, exposure to AA inhibited the re-distribution of N‑cadherin and failed to coordinate cardiomyocyte interactions between the myocardium layers due to the lack of delaminated cardiomyocytes. Therefore, AA-treated embryos exhibited subcellular pathological states including disarrayed myofibrils and abnormal morphology of mitochondria despite normal proliferation of cardiomyocytes. In addition, we found overexpression of some cardiac-specific transcription factors, such as hand2 and nkx2.5, in hearts of AA-treated embryos compared with those in control group. Our study provided the evidence that the period of ventricular chamber morphogenesis might be a vulnerable window in zebrafish, and revealed new insights into how AA might exert cardiac developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fanghuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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44
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Abstract
Heart formation involves a complex series of tissue rearrangements, during which regions of the developing organ expand, bend, converge, and protrude in order to create the specific shapes of important cardiac components. Much of this morphogenesis takes place while cardiac function is underway, with blood flowing through the rapidly contracting chambers. Fluid forces are therefore likely to influence the regulation of cardiac morphogenesis, but it is not yet clear how these biomechanical cues direct specific cellular behaviors. In recent years, the optical accessibility and genetic amenability of zebrafish embryos have facilitated unique opportunities to integrate the analysis of flow parameters with the molecular and cellular dynamics underlying cardiogenesis. Consequently, we are making progress toward a comprehensive view of the biomechanical regulation of cardiac chamber emergence, atrioventricular canal differentiation, and ventricular trabeculation. In this review, we highlight a series of studies in zebrafish that have provided new insight into how cardiac function can shape cardiac morphology, with a particular focus on how hemodynamics can impact cardiac cell behavior. Over the long-term, this knowledge will undoubtedly guide our consideration of the potential causes of congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Sidhwani
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Deborah Yelon
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States.
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45
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Gardner LD, Peck KA, Goetz GW, Linbo TL, Cameron J, Scholz NL, Block BA, Incardona JP. Cardiac remodeling in response to embryonic crude oil exposure involves unconventional NKX family members and innate immunity genes. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb.205567. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.205567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling results from both physiological and pathological stimuli. Compared to mammals, fish hearts show a broader array of remodeling changes in response to environmental influences, providing exceptional models for dissecting the molecular and cellular bases of cardiac remodeling. We recently characterized a form of pathological remodeling in juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in response to crude oil exposure during embryonic cardiogenesis. In the absence of overt pathology (cardiomyocyte death or inflammatory infiltrate), cardiac ventricles in exposed fish showed altered shape, reduced thickness of compact myocardium, and hypertrophic changes in spongy, trabeculated myocardium. Here we used RNA sequencing to characterize molecular pathways underlying these defects. In juvenile ventricular cardiomyocytes, antecedent embryonic oil exposure led to dose-dependent up-regulation of genes involved in innate immunity and two NKX homeobox transcription factors not previously associated with cardiomyocytes, nkx2.3 and nkx3.3. Absent from mammalian genomes, the latter is largely uncharacterized. In zebrafish embryos nkx3.3 demonstrated a potent effect on cardiac morphogenesis, equivalent to nkx2.5, the primary transcription factor associated with ventricular cardiomyocyte identity. The role of nkx3.3 in heart growth is potentially linked to the unique regenerative capacity of fish and amphibians. Moreover, these findings support a cardiomyocyte-intrinsic role for innate immune response genes in pathological hypertrophy. This study demonstrates how an expanding mechanistic understanding of environmental pollution impacts – i.e., the chemical perturbation of biological systems – can ultimately yield new insights into fundamental biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke D. Gardner
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - Karen A. Peck
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Giles W. Goetz
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Tiffany L. Linbo
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - James Cameron
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Nathaniel L. Scholz
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Barbara A. Block
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - John P. Incardona
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
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46
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Jiménez-Amilburu V, Stainier DYR. The transmembrane protein Crb2a regulates cardiomyocyte apicobasal polarity and adhesion in zebrafish. Development 2019; 146:dev.171207. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.171207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue morphogenesis requires changes in cell-cell adhesion as well as in cell shape and polarity. Cardiac trabeculation is a morphogenetic process essential to form a functional ventricular wall. Here we show that zebrafish hearts lacking Crb2a, a component of the Crumbs polarity complex, display compact wall integrity defects and fail to form trabeculae. Crb2a localization is very dynamic at a time when other cardiomyocyte junctional proteins also relocalize. Before the initiation of cardiomyocyte delamination to form the trabecular layer, Crb2a is expressed in all ventricular cardiomyocytes and colocalizes with the junctional protein ZO-1. Subsequently, Crb2a becomes localized all along the apical membrane of compact layer cardiomyocytes and is downregulated in the delaminating cardiomyocytes. We show that blood flow and Nrg/ErbB2 signaling regulate Crb2a localization dynamics. crb2a−/− display a multilayered wall with polarized cardiomyocytes, a unique phenotype. Our data further indicate that Crb2a regulates cardiac trabeculation by controlling the localization of tight and adherens junction proteins in cardiomyocytes. Importantly, transplantation data show that Crb2a controls CM behavior in a cell-autonomous manner in the sense that crb2a−/− cardiomyocytes transplanted into wild-type animals were always found in the trabecular layer. Altogether, our study reveals a critical role for Crb2a during cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Jiménez-Amilburu
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
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47
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Rasouli SJ, El-Brolosy M, Tsedeke AT, Bensimon-Brito A, Ghanbari P, Maischein HM, Kuenne C, Stainier DY. The flow responsive transcription factor Klf2 is required for myocardial wall integrity by modulating Fgf signaling. eLife 2018; 7:e38889. [PMID: 30592462 PMCID: PMC6329608 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex interplay between cardiac tissues is crucial for their integrity. The flow responsive transcription factor KLF2, which is expressed in the endocardium, is vital for cardiovascular development but its exact role remains to be defined. To this end, we mutated both klf2 paralogues in zebrafish, and while single mutants exhibit no obvious phenotype, double mutants display a novel phenotype of cardiomyocyte extrusion towards the abluminal side. This extrusion requires cardiac contractility and correlates with the mislocalization of N-cadherin from the lateral to the apical side of cardiomyocytes. Transgenic rescue data show that klf2 expression in endothelium, but not myocardium, prevents this cardiomyocyte extrusion phenotype. Transcriptome analysis of klf2 mutant hearts reveals that Fgf signaling is affected, and accordingly, we find that inhibition of Fgf signaling in wild-type animals can lead to abluminal cardiomyocyte extrusion. These studies provide new insights into how Klf2 regulates cardiovascular development and specifically myocardial wall integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Javad Rasouli
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Mohamed El-Brolosy
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Ayele Taddese Tsedeke
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Anabela Bensimon-Brito
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Parisa Ghanbari
- Department of Cardiac Development and RemodelingMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Hans-Martin Maischein
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Carsten Kuenne
- Bioinformatics Core UnitMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Didier Y Stainier
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
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48
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Battista NA, Lane AN, Liu J, Miller LA. Fluid dynamics in heart development: effects of hematocrit and trabeculation. MATHEMATICAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE IMA 2018; 35:493-516. [PMID: 29161412 PMCID: PMC7970531 DOI: 10.1093/imammb/dqx018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent in vivo experiments have illustrated the importance of understanding the haemodynamics of heart morphogenesis. In particular, ventricular trabeculation is governed by a delicate interaction between haemodynamic forces, myocardial activity, and morphogen gradients, all of which are coupled to genetic regulatory networks. The underlying haemodynamics at the stage of development in which the trabeculae form is particularly complex, given the balance between inertial and viscous forces. Small perturbations in the geometry, scale, and steadiness of the flow can lead to changes in the overall flow structures and chemical morphogen gradients, including the local direction of flow, the transport of morphogens, and the formation of vortices. The immersed boundary method was used to solve the two-dimensional fluid-structure interaction problem of fluid flow moving through a two chambered heart of a zebrafish (Danio rerio), with a trabeculated ventricle, at 96 hours post fertilization (hpf). Trabeculae heights and hematocrit were varied, and simulations were conducted for two orders of magnitude of Womersley number, extending beyond the biologically relevant range (0.2-12.0). Both intracardial and intertrabecular vortices formed in the ventricle for biologically relevant parameter values. The bifurcation from smooth streaming flow to vortical flow depends upon the trabeculae geometry, hematocrit, and Womersley number, $Wo$. This work shows the importance of hematocrit and geometry in determining the bulk flow patterns in the heart at this stage of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Battista
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA, Department of Mathematics, CB 3250, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA and Department of Biology, 3280, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Andrea N. Lane
- Department of Mathematics, CB 3250, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA and Department of Biostatistics, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jiandong Liu
- McAllister Heart Institute, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Laura A. Miller
- Department of Mathematics, CB 3250, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA and Department of Biology, 3280, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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49
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Messerschmidt V, Bailey Z, Baek KI, Bryant R, Li R, Hsiai TK, Lee J. Light-sheet Fluorescence Microscopy to Capture 4-Dimensional Images of the Effects of Modulating Shear Stress on the Developing Zebrafish Heart. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30148501 DOI: 10.3791/57763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The hemodynamic forces experienced by the heart influence cardiac development, especially trabeculation, which forms a network of branching outgrowths from the myocardium. Genetic program defects in the Notch signaling cascade are involved in ventricular defects such as Left Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy or Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. Using this protocol, it can be determined that shear stress driven trabeculation and Notch signaling are related to one another. Using Light-sheet Fluorescence Microscopy, visualization of the developing zebrafish heart was possible. In this manuscript, it was assessed whether hemodynamic forces modulate the initiation of trabeculation via Notch signaling and thus, influence contractile function occurs. For qualitative and quantitative shear stress analysis, 4-D (3-D+time) images were acquired during zebrafish cardiac morphogenesis, and integrated light-sheet fluorescence microscopy with 4-D synchronization captured the ventricular motion. Blood viscosity was reduced via gata1a-morpholino oligonucleotides (MO) micro-injection to decrease shear stress, thereby, down-regulating Notch signaling and attenuating trabeculation. Co-injection of Nrg1 mRNA with gata1a MO rescued Notch-related genes to restore trabeculation. To confirm shear stress driven Notch signaling influences trabeculation, cardiomyocyte contraction was further arrested via tnnt2a-MO to reduce hemodynamic forces, thereby, down-regulating Notch target genes to develop a non-trabeculated myocardium. Finally, corroboration of the expression patterns of shear stress-responsive Notch genes was conducted by subjecting endothelial cells to pulsatile flow. Thus, the 4-D light-sheet microscopy uncovered hemodynamic forces underlying Notch signaling and trabeculation with clinical relevance to non-compaction cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary Bailey
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington
| | - Kyung In Baek
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Bioengineering, UCLA
| | - Richard Bryant
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington
| | - Rongsong Li
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Bioengineering, UCLA
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Bioengineering, UCLA
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington;
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50
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Hoog TG, Fredrickson SJ, Hsu CW, Senger SM, Dickinson ME, Udan RS. The effects of reduced hemodynamic loading on morphogenesis of the mouse embryonic heart. Dev Biol 2018; 442:127-137. [PMID: 30012423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Development of the embryonic heart involves an intricate network of biochemical and genetic cues to ensure its proper growth and morphogenesis. However, studies from avian and teleost models reveal that biomechanical force, namely hemodynamic loading (blood pressure and shear stress), plays a significant role in regulating heart development. To study how hemodynamic loading impacts development of the mammalian embryonic heart, we utilized mouse embryo culture and manipulation techniques and performed optical projection tomography imaging followed by morphometric analysis to determine how reduced-loading affects heart volume, myocardial thickness, trabeculation and looping. Our results reveal that hemodynamic loading can regulate these features at different thresholds. Intermediate levels of hemodynamic loading are sufficient to promote proper myocardial growth and heart size, but insufficient to promote looping and trabeculation. Whereas, low levels of hemodynamic loading fails to promote proper growth of the myocardium and heart size. These results reveal that the regulation of heart development by biomechanical force is conserved across many vertebrate classes, and this study begins to elucidate how these specific forces regulate development of the mammalian heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner G Hoog
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, United States
| | | | - Chih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, United States
| | - Steven M Senger
- Department of Mathematics, Missouri State University, United States
| | - Mary E Dickinson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, United States
| | - Ryan S Udan
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, United States.
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