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Zhu WF, Ji WJ, Wang QY, Qu W, Feng F, Han LF, Xue JW, Liu FL, Liu WY. Intraoperative Cavity Local Delivery System with NETs-Specific Drug Release for Post-Breast Cancer Surgery Recurrence Correction. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401537. [PMID: 39205549 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Postoperative breast cancer recurrence is tricky due to the limited therapeutic options. Transforming growth factors-β (TGF-β) is vital in promoting postoperative tumor recurrence. However, conventional blocking strategies fail to satisfy both bio-safety and sufficient relapse correction. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are essential for the spatiotemporal dynamics of TGF-β at tumor-resection sites, whose unique mechanism for local TGF-β amplification could remarkably increase the risk of relapse after surgery. Herein, the principle of NETs formation is ingeniously utilized to construct a surgical residual cavity hydrogel that mimics NETs formation. The hydrogel is prepared based on the electrostatic interaction between histidine (His) and sodium alginate (Alg). Then, arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) protein is released during NETs formation. Simultaneously, the electrical property of His in hydrogel changes automatically, which further lead to promising localized release of anti-TGF-β. The hydrogel system can realize specific and selective drug release at targeted NETs site over a prolonged period while exhibiting excellent biocompatibility. Superior breast cancer recurrence inhibition is achieved by suppressing TGF-β and related indicators, impeding epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression, and rectifying the locally exacerbated immunosuppressive environment within NETs. The novel NETs local microenvironment drug release functional hydrogel will provide inspiration for postoperative recurrence correction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Fang Zhu
- Department of Pharmceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Wen-Jing Ji
- Department of Pharmceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qiu-Yuan Wang
- Department of Pharmceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ling-Fei Han
- Department of Pharmceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jing-Wei Xue
- Tumor Precise Intervention and Translational Medicine Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Fu-Lei Liu
- Tumor Precise Intervention and Translational Medicine Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai'an, 271000, China
- Pharmaceutical Department, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Liu
- Department of Pharmceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Zhejiang Center for Safety Study of Drug Substances (Industrial Technology Innovation Platform), Hangzhou, 310018, China
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De Rubis G, Paudel KR, Vishwas S, Kokkinis S, Chellappan DK, Gupta G, MacLoughlin R, Gulati M, Singh SK, Dua K. Fecal microbiome extract downregulates the expression of key proteins at the interface between airway remodelling and lung cancer pathogenesis in vitro. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155387. [PMID: 38870713 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, and it is caused by many factors including cigarette smoking. Despite numerous treatment strategies for LC, its five-year survival is still poor (<20 %), attributable to treatment resistance and lack of early diagnosis and intervention. Importantly, LC incidence is higher in patients affected by chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), and LC shares with other CRDs common pathophysiological features including chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, cellular senescence, and airway remodelling. Remodelling is a complex process resulting from the aberrant activation of tissue repair secondary to chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue damage observed in the airways of CRD patients, and it is characterized by irreversible airway structural and functional alterations, concomitantly with tissue fibrosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), excessive collagen deposition, and thickening of the basement membrane. Many processes involved in remodelling, particularly EMT, are also fundamental for LC pathogenesis, highlighting a potential connection between CRDs and LC. This provides rationale for the development of novel treatment strategies aimed at targeting components of the remodelling pathways. In this study, we tested the in vitro therapeutic activity of rat fecal microbiome extract (FME) on A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. We show that treatment with FME significantly downregulates the expression of six proteins whose function is at the forefront between airway remodelling and LC development: Snail, SPARC, MUC-1, Osteopontin, MMP-2, and HIF-1α. The results of this study, if confirmed by further investigations, provide proof-of-concept for a novel approach in the treatment of LC, focused on tackling the airway remodelling mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility to develop LC observed in CRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele De Rubis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Sofia Kokkinis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Aerogen, IDA Business Park, Dangan, Galway H91 HE94, Ireland; School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Monica Gulati
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Sunway City, Malaysia.
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
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Kim DH, Sung M, Park MS, Sun EG, Yoon S, Yoo KH, Radhakrishnan K, Jung SY, Bae WK, Cho SH, Chung IJ. Galectin 3-binding protein (LGALS3BP) depletion attenuates hepatic fibrosis by reducing transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) availability and inhibits hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024. [PMID: 39073023 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased Galectin 3-binding protein (LGALS3BP) serum levels have been used to assess hepatic fibrosis stages and the severity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Considering the crucial role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the emergence of these diseases, the present study tested the hypothesis that LGALS3BP regulates the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. METHODS The expression levels of LGALS3BP and TGFB1 were analyzed in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and HCC. Multiple omics techniques, such as RNA-sequencing, transposase-accessible chromatin-sequencing assay, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry proteomics, were used to identify the regulatory mechanisms for the LGALS3BP-TGF-β1 axis. The effects of altered TGF-β1 signaling by LGALS3BP were investigated in conditional LGALS3BP-knockin and LGALS3BP-knockout mice. RESULTS In patients with MASH and HCC, the levels of LGALS3BP and TGFB1 exhibited positive correlations. Stimulation of LGALS3BP by the inflammatory cytokine interferon α in HCC cells or ectopic overexpression of LGALS3BP in hepatocytes promoted the expression levels of TGFB1. Aggravated fibrosis was observed in the livers of hepatocyte-specific LGALS3BP-knockin mice, with increased TGFB1 levels. LGALS3BP directly bound to and assembled integrin αV, an integral mediator required for releasing active TGF-β1 from extracellular latent complex with the rearranged F-actin cytoskeleton. The released TGF-β1 activated JunB transcription factor, which in turn promoted the TGF-β1 positive feedback loop. LGALS3BP deletion in the hepatocytes downregulated TGF-β1 signaling and CCl4 induced fibrosis. Moreover, LGALS3BP depletion hindered hepatocarcinogenesis by limiting the availability of fibrogenic TGF-β1. CONCLUSION LGALS3BP plays a crucial role in hepatic fibrosis and carcinogenesis by controlling the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, making it a promising therapeutic target in TGF-β1-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
- National Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Minjeong Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
- National Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Hwasun, South Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program, Chonnam National University, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Myong-Suk Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
- National Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Eun-Gene Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
- National Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Sumin Yoon
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Yoo
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Sung Yun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Woo-Kyun Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
- National Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Hwasun, South Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program, Chonnam National University, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
- National Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Ik-Joo Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
- National Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Hwasun, South Korea
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Jiang F, Chen Y, Tomonobu N, Kinoshita R, Komalasari NLGY, Kasano-Camones CI, Ninomiya K, Murata H, Yamamoto KI, Gohara Y, Ochi T, Ruma IMW, Sumardika IW, Zhou J, Honjo T, Sakaguchi Y, Yamauchi A, Kuribayashi F, Futami J, Kondo E, Inoue Y, Toyooka S, Sakaguchi M. Dissection of the signal transduction machinery responsible for the lysyl oxidase-like 4-mediated increase in invasive motility in triple-negative breast cancer cells: mechanistic insight into the integrin-β1-NF-κB-MMP9 axis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1371307. [PMID: 38863623 PMCID: PMC11165029 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1371307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells are a highly formidable cancer to treat. Nonetheless, by continued investigation into the molecular biology underlying the complex regulation of TNBC cell activity, vulnerabilities can be exposed as potential therapeutic targets at the molecular level. We previously revealed that lysyl oxidase-like 4 (LOXL4) promotes the invasiveness of TNBC cells via cell surface annexin A2 as a novel binding substrate of LOXL4, which promotes the abundant localization of integrin-β1 at the cancer plasma membrane. However, it has yet to be uncovered how the LOXL4-mediated abundance of integrin-β1 hastens the invasive outgrowth of TNBC cells at the molecular level. Methods LOXL4-overexpressing stable clones were established from MDA-MB-231 cells and subjected to molecular analyses, real-time qPCR and zymography to clarify their invasiveness, signal transduction, and matrix metalloprotease (MMP) activity, respectively. Results Our results show that LOXL4 potently promotes the induction of matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9) via activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Our molecular analysis revealed that TNF receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) and TGF-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1) were required for the activation of NF-κB through Iκβ kinase kinase (IKKα/β) phosphorylation. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that the newly identified LOXL4-mediated axis, integrin-β1-TRAF4-TAK1-IKKα/β-Iκβα-NF-κB-MMP9, is crucial for TNBC cell invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Youyi Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nahoko Tomonobu
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Rie Kinoshita
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazumi Ninomiya
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Murata
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yamamoto
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuma Gohara
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ochi
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | | | - Jin Zhou
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of the Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tomoko Honjo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Sakaguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokushima Bunri University, Sagamihara, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akira Yamauchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Futoshi Kuribayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Junichiro Futami
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Eisaku Kondo
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Near InfraRed Photo-Immuno-Therapy Research Institute, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sakaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Baek W, Park S, Lee Y, Roh H, Yun CO, Roh TS, Lee WJ. Ethyl Pyruvate Decreases Collagen Synthesis and Upregulates MMP Activity in Keloid Fibroblasts and Keloid Spheroids. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5844. [PMID: 38892032 PMCID: PMC11172307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Keloids, marked by abnormal cellular proliferation and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, pose significant therapeutic challenges. Ethyl pyruvate (EP), an inhibitor of the high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and TGF-β1 pathways, has emerged as a potential anti-fibrotic agent. Our research evaluated EP's effects on keloid fibroblast (KF) proliferation and ECM production, employing both in vitro cell cultures and ex vivo patient-derived keloid spheroids. We also analyzed the expression levels of ECM components in keloid tissue spheroids treated with EP through immunohistochemistry. Findings revealed that EP treatment impedes the nuclear translocation of HMGB1 and diminishes KF proliferation. Additionally, EP significantly lowered mRNA and protein levels of collagen I and III by attenuating TGF-β1 and pSmad2/3 complex expression in both human dermal fibroblasts and KFs. Moreover, metalloproteinase I (MMP-1) and MMP-3 mRNA levels saw a notable increase following EP administration. In keloid spheroids, EP induced a dose-dependent reduction in ECM component expression. Immunohistochemical and western blot analyses confirmed significant declines in collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin, elastin, TGF-β, AKT, and ERK 1/2 expression levels. These outcomes underscore EP's antifibrotic potential, suggesting its viability as a therapeutic approach for keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooyeol Baek
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyuk Park
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngdae Lee
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Roh
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Suk Roh
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jai Lee
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Kaschina E, Lauer D, Lange C, Unger T. Angiotensin AT 2 receptors reduce inflammation and fibrosis in cardiovascular remodeling. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116062. [PMID: 38369211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The angiotensin AT2 receptor (AT2R), an important member of the "protective arm" of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), has been recently defined as a therapeutic target in different pathological conditions. The AT2R activates complex signalling pathways linked to cellular proliferation, differentiation, anti-inflammation, antifibrosis, and induction or inhibition of apoptosis. The anti-inflammatory effect of AT2R activation is commonly associated with reduced fibrosis in different models. Current discoveries demonstrated a direct impact of AT2Rs on the regulation of cytokines, transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), and synthesis of the extracellular matrix components. This review article summarizes current knowledge on the AT2R in regard to immunity, inflammation and fibrosis in the heart and blood vessels. In particular, the differential influence of the AT2R on cardiovascular remodeling in preclinical models of myocardial infarction, heart failure and aneurysm formation are discussed. Overall, these studies demonstrate that AT2R stimulation represents a promising therapeutic approach to counteract myocardial and aortic damage in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kaschina
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dilyara Lauer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Lange
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Unger
- CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Hei B, Liu RE, Li M. Ursolic acid inhibits glioblastoma through suppressing TGFβ-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27722. [PMID: 38501006 PMCID: PMC10945258 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Found in many fruits and plants, Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpene that occurs naturally, is recognized for its anti-cancer effects, especially in combating glioblastoma. However, the intricate molecular mechanisms underpinning its anti-tumor actions are still not fully understood, despite the recognition of these effects. By examining the functions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis, crucial for glioblastoma progression, and their regulation through Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) - a key marker for glioblastoma, our research aims to fill this knowledge gap. This study explores how ursolic acid can block the progression of glioblastoma by precisely targeting TGFβ-triggered EMT and angiogenesis. The findings show that UA successfully blocks the spread, movement, and invasion of glioblastoma cells. Accompanying this, there is a significant reduction in the expression of TGFβ and crucial EMT indicators like snail and vimentin. Furthermore, UA shows a reduction in angiogenesis that depends on the dosage, highlighted by decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Interestingly, increased TGFβ expression in U87 and U251 glioblastoma cell lines was found to weaken UA's anti-tumor properties, shedding more light on TGFβ's critical function in glioblastoma's pathology. Supporting these laboratory results, UA also showed considerable inhibition of tumor growth in a glioblastoma xenograft mouse model. Overall, our research emphasizes Ursolic acid's promise as a new treatment for glioblastoma and clarifies its action mechanism, mainly by inhibiting TGFβ signaling and thereby EMT and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ru-en Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meihua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
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Takahashi T, Tomonobu N, Kinoshita R, Yamamoto KI, Murata H, Komalasari NLGY, Chen Y, Jiang F, Gohara Y, Ochi T, Ruma IMW, Sumardika IW, Zhou J, Honjo T, Sakaguchi Y, Yamauchi A, Kuribayashi F, Kondo E, Inoue Y, Futami J, Toyooka S, Zamami Y, Sakaguchi M. Lysyl oxidase-like 4 promotes the invasiveness of triple-negative breast cancer cells by orchestrating the invasive machinery formed by annexin A2 and S100A11 on the cell surface. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1371342. [PMID: 38595825 PMCID: PMC11002074 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1371342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Our earlier research revealed that the secreted lysyl oxidase-like 4 (LOXL4) that is highly elevated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) acts as a catalyst to lock annexin A2 on the cell membrane surface, which accelerates invasive outgrowth of the cancer through the binding of integrin-β1 on the cell surface. However, whether this machinery is subject to the LOXL4-mediated intrusive regulation remains uncertain. Methods Cell invasion was assessed using a transwell-based assay, protein-protein interactions by an immunoprecipitation-Western blotting technique and immunocytochemistry, and plasmin activity in the cell membrane by gelatin zymography. Results We revealed that cell surface annexin A2 acts as a receptor of plasminogen via interaction with S100A10, a key cell surface annexin A2-binding factor, and S100A11. We found that the cell surface annexin A2/S100A11 complex leads to mature active plasmin from bound plasminogen, which actively stimulates gelatin digestion, followed by increased invasion. Conclusion We have refined our understanding of the role of LOXL4 in TNBC cell invasion: namely, LOXL4 mediates the upregulation of annexin A2 at the cell surface, the upregulated annexin 2 binds S100A11 and S100A10, and the resulting annexin A2/S100A11 complex acts as a receptor of plasminogen, readily converting it into active-form plasmin and thereby enhancing invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetta Takahashi
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nahoko Tomonobu
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Rie Kinoshita
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yamamoto
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Murata
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Youyi Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuma Gohara
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ochi
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | | | - Jin Zhou
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of the Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tomoko Honjo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Akira Yamauchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Eisaku Kondo
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Near InfraRed Photo-Immuno-Therapy Research Institute, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Japan
| | - Junichiro Futami
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshito Zamami
- Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sakaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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9
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Fu Z, Chen Z, Ye J, Ji J, Ni W, Lin W, Lin H, Lu L, Zhu G, Xie Q, Yan F, Chen G, Liu F. Identifying PLAUR as a Pivotal Gene of Tumor Microenvironment and Regulating Mesenchymal Phenotype of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:840. [PMID: 38398231 PMCID: PMC10887327 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The mesenchymal (MES) phenotype of glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and therapy-resistant subtype of GBM. The MES phenotype transition during tumor progression results from both tumor-intrinsic genetic alterations and tumor-extrinsic microenvironmental factors. In this study, we sought to identify genes that can modulate the MES phenotype via both mechanisms. By integrating weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and the differential expression analysis of hypoxia-immunosuppression-related genes, we identified the plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor (PLAUR) as the hub gene. Functional enrichment analysis and GSVA analysis demonstrated that PLAUR was associated with the MES phenotype of glioma and the hypoxia-immunosuppression-related microenvironmental components. Single-cell sequencing analysis revealed that PLAUR mediated the ligand-receptor interaction between tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and glioma cells. Functional experiments in vitro with cell lines or primary glioma cells and xenograft models using BALB/c nude mice confirmed the role of PLAUR in promoting the MES phenotype of GBM. Our findings indicate that PLAUR regulates both glioma cells and tumor cell-extrinsic factors that favor the MES phenotype and suggest that PLAUR might be a potential target for GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixiang Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Z.F.); (Z.C.); (J.Y.); (J.J.); (W.N.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (L.L.); (Q.X.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Zihang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Z.F.); (Z.C.); (J.Y.); (J.J.); (W.N.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (L.L.); (Q.X.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jingya Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Z.F.); (Z.C.); (J.Y.); (J.J.); (W.N.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (L.L.); (Q.X.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jianxiong Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Z.F.); (Z.C.); (J.Y.); (J.J.); (W.N.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (L.L.); (Q.X.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Weifang Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Z.F.); (Z.C.); (J.Y.); (J.J.); (W.N.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (L.L.); (Q.X.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Weibo Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Z.F.); (Z.C.); (J.Y.); (J.J.); (W.N.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (L.L.); (Q.X.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Haopu Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Z.F.); (Z.C.); (J.Y.); (J.J.); (W.N.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (L.L.); (Q.X.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Liquan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Z.F.); (Z.C.); (J.Y.); (J.J.); (W.N.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (L.L.); (Q.X.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ganggui Zhu
- Department of Lung Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China;
| | - Qin Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Z.F.); (Z.C.); (J.Y.); (J.J.); (W.N.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (L.L.); (Q.X.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Z.F.); (Z.C.); (J.Y.); (J.J.); (W.N.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (L.L.); (Q.X.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Z.F.); (Z.C.); (J.Y.); (J.J.); (W.N.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (L.L.); (Q.X.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Fuyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Z.F.); (Z.C.); (J.Y.); (J.J.); (W.N.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (L.L.); (Q.X.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
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10
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AbdelHafez FF, Klausen C, Zhu H, Yi Y, Leung PCK. Growth differentiation factor myostatin regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition genes and enhances invasion by increasing serine protease inhibitors E1 and E2 in human trophoblast cells. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23204. [PMID: 37738042 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300740r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Placental insufficiency disorders, including preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, are major obstetric complications that can have devastating effects on both the mother and the fetus. These syndromes have underlying poor placental trophoblast cell invasion into uterine tissues. Placental invasion is controlled by many hormones and growth factors. Myostatin (MSTN) is a transforming growth factor-β superfamily member recognized for its important role in muscle growth control. MSTN has also been shown to be secreted and functioning in the placenta, and its serum and/or placental levels were found to be upregulated in preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Considering that the mechanistic role of MSTN in placentation remains poorly understood, we hypothesized that MSTN uses ALK4/5-SMAD2/3/4 signaling to increase human trophoblast invasion through a group of epithelial-mesenchymal transition genes including SERPINE2, PAI-1, and SOX4. mRNA sequencing of control and MSTN-treated primary human trophoblast cells (n = 5) yielded a total of 610 differentially expressed genes (false discovery rate <0.05) of which 380 genes were upregulated and 230 were downregulated. These differentially expressed genes were highly enriched in epithelial-mesenchymal transition genes, and a subset including SERPINE2, PAI-1, and SOX4 was investigated for its role in MSTN-induced trophoblast cell invasion. We found that MSTN induced upregulation of SERPINE2 via ALK4/5-SMAD2/3/4 signaling; however, SMAD2 was not involved in MSTN-induced PAI-1 upregulation. SOX4 was involved in MSTN-induced upregulation of SERPINE2, but not PAI-1. Collectively, this study discovers novel molecular mechanisms of MSTN-induced human trophoblast cell invasion and provides insight into the functional consequences of its dysregulation in placental insufficiency disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten F AbdelHafez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assiut School of Medicine, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Christian Klausen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yuyin Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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11
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Gau D, Daoud A, Allen A, Joy M, Sagan A, Lee S, Lucas PC, Duensing S, Boone D, Osmanbeyoglu HU, Roy P. Vascular endothelial profilin-1 drives a protumorigenic tumor microenvironment and tumor progression in renal cancer. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105044. [PMID: 37451478 PMCID: PMC10432806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of actin-binding protein profilin-1 (Pfn1) correlates with advanced disease features and adverse clinical outcome of patients with clear cell renal carcinoma, the most prevalent form of renal cancer. We previously reported that Pfn1 is predominantly overexpressed in tumor-associated vascular endothelial cells in human clear cell renal carcinoma. In this study, we combined in vivo strategies involving endothelial cell-specific depletion and overexpression of Pfn1 to demonstrate a role of vascular endothelial Pfn1 in promoting tumorigenicity and enabling progressive growth and metastasis of renal carcinoma cells in a syngeneic orthotopic mouse model of kidney cancer. We established an important role of endothelial Pfn1 in tumor angiogenesis and further identified endothelial Pfn1-dependent regulation of several pro- (VEGF, SERPINE1, CCL2) and anti-angiogenic factors (platelet factor 4) in vivo. Endothelial Pfn1 overexpression increases tumor infiltration by macrophages and concomitantly diminishes tumor infiltration by T cells including CD8+ T cells in vivo, correlating with the pattern of endothelial Pfn1-dependent changes in tumor abundance of several prominent immunomodulatory cytokines. These data were also corroborated by multiplexed quantitative immunohistochemistry and immune deconvolution analyses of RNA-seq data of clinical samples. Guided by Upstream Regulator Analysis of tumor transcriptome data, we further established endothelial Pfn1-induced Hif1α elevation and suppression of STAT1 activation. In conclusion, this study demonstrates for the first time a direct causal relationship between vascular endothelial Pfn1 dysregulation, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and disease progression with mechanistic insights in kidney cancer. Our study also provides a conceptual basis for targeting Pfn1 for therapeutic benefit in kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gau
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Andrew Daoud
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abigail Allen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marion Joy
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - April Sagan
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter C Lucas
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stefan Duensing
- Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Boone
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hatice U Osmanbeyoglu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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12
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Zsiros V, Dóczi N, Petővári G, Pop A, Erdei Z, Sebestyén A, L Kiss A. BMP-induced non-canonical signaling is upregulated during autophagy-mediated regeneration in inflamed mesothelial cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10426. [PMID: 37369758 PMCID: PMC10300029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed that after Freund's adjuvant-induced peritonitis, rat mesothelial cells regain their epithelial phenotype through mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) accompanied by autophagy. Since bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are well-known MET-inducers, we were interested in the potential expression of BMPs and BMP-induced pathways. Although mesothelial cells expressed lower amounts of BMP7, its level in the peritoneal cavity and mesothelial synthesis of BMP4 were significantly increased during inflammation. BMPR1A and BMPR2 were also significantly expressed. Expression of transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase (TAK1) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK1-JNK2) were more intense than that of phosphorylated Mothers Against Decapentaplegic homolog 1/5 (p-SMAD1/5), confirming that the non-canonical pathway of BMPs prevailed in our model. JNK signaling through B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) can contribute to Beclin-1 activation. We demonstrated that TAK1-JNK-Bcl-2 signaling was upregulated simultaneously with the autophagy-mediated regeneration. A further goal of our study was to prove the regenerative role of autophagy after inflammation. We used a specific inhibitor, bafilomycin A1 (BafA1), and found that BafA1 treatment decreased the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3B) and resulted in morphological signs of cell death in inflamed mesothelial cells indicating that if autophagy is arrested, regeneration turns into cell death and consequently, mesothelial cells die.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Zsiros
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Tűzoltó u. 58., Budapest, 1094, Hungary.
| | - Nikolett Dóczi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Tűzoltó u. 58., Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Gábor Petővári
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University Budapest, Üllői út 26., Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Pop
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Tűzoltó u. 58., Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Erdei
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Tűzoltó u. 58., Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Anna Sebestyén
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University Budapest, Üllői út 26., Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Anna L Kiss
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University Budapest, Tűzoltó u. 58., Budapest, 1094, Hungary
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13
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Palafox-Mariscal LA, Ortiz-Lazareno PC, Jave-Suárez LF, Aguilar-Lemarroy A, Villaseñor-García MM, Cruz-Lozano JR, González-Martínez KL, Méndez-Clemente AS, Bravo-Cuellar A, Hernández-Flores G. Pentoxifylline Inhibits TNF-α/TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Suppressing the NF-κB Pathway and SERPINE1 Expression in CaSki Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10592. [PMID: 37445768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common and deadly types of female cancer worldwide. Late diagnosis in CC increases the risk of tumor cells spreading to distant organs (metastasis). The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process of cancer metastasis. Inflammation can lead to tumor progression, EMT induction, and metastasis. The inflammatory microenvironment is a potent inducer of EMT; inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1) activate transcriptional factors such as STAT3, Snail, Smad, and the Nuclear Factor kappa light-chain-enhancer of activated beta cells (NF-κΒ), which drive EMT. Anti-inflammatory compounds may be an option in the disruption of EMT. PenToXifylline (PTX) possesses potent anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NF-κB activity. In addition, PTX exerts an anti-fibrotic effect by decreasing Smad2/3/4. We hypothesize that PTX could exert anti-EMT effects. CaSki human cervical tumor cells were exposed to TNF-α 10 ng/mL and TGF-β1 alone or in combination for 5 days. Our results revealed that TNF-α and TGF-β1 induced N-cadherin and Vimentin, confirming the induction of EMT. Furthermore, the combination of cytokines synergized the expression of mesenchymal proteins, enhanced IκBα and p65 phosphorylation, and upregulated Serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1) mRNA. PTX pretreatment prior to the addition of TNF-α and TGF-β1 significantly reduced N-cadherin and Vimentin levels. To our knowledge, this is the first time that this effect of PTX has been reported. Additionally, PTX reduced the phosphorylation of IκB-α and p65 and significantly decreased SERPINE1 expression, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In conclusion, PTX may counteract EMT in cervical cancer cells by decreasing the NF-κB and SERPINE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Arturo Palafox-Mariscal
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences Orientation Immunology, University Center for Health Science (CUCS), University of Guadalajara (UdeG), 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Immunology Division, Biomedical Research Center West (CIBO), Mexican Social Security Institute, 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Pablo Cesar Ortiz-Lazareno
- Immunology Division, Biomedical Research Center West (CIBO), Mexican Social Security Institute, 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luis Felipe Jave-Suárez
- Immunology Division, Biomedical Research Center West (CIBO), Mexican Social Security Institute, 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Adriana Aguilar-Lemarroy
- Immunology Division, Biomedical Research Center West (CIBO), Mexican Social Security Institute, 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - María Martha Villaseñor-García
- Immunology Division, Biomedical Research Center West (CIBO), Mexican Social Security Institute, 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Department of Pharmacobiology, University Center for Exact Sciences and Engineering (CUCEI), University of Guadalajara (UdeG), 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Roberto Cruz-Lozano
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences Orientation Immunology, University Center for Health Science (CUCS), University of Guadalajara (UdeG), 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Immunology Division, Biomedical Research Center West (CIBO), Mexican Social Security Institute, 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Karen Lilith González-Martínez
- Immunology Division, Biomedical Research Center West (CIBO), Mexican Social Security Institute, 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Doctoral Program in Molecular Biology in Medicine, University Center for Health Science (CUCS), University of Guadalajara (UdeG), 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Bravo-Cuellar
- Immunology Division, Biomedical Research Center West (CIBO), Mexican Social Security Institute, 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Department of Health Sciences, Los Altos University Center (CUALtos), University of Guadalajara (UdeG), 47620 Tepatitlan de Morelos, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Georgina Hernández-Flores
- Immunology Division, Biomedical Research Center West (CIBO), Mexican Social Security Institute, 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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14
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Martin V, Grenho L, Fernandes MH, Gomes PS. Repurposing sarecycline for osteoinductive therapies: an in vitro and ex vivo assessment. J Bone Miner Metab 2023:10.1007/s00774-023-01428-9. [PMID: 37036531 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-023-01428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tetracyclines (TCs) embrace a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics with unrelated effects at sub-antimicrobial levels, including an effective anti-inflammatory activity and stimulation of osteogenesis, allowing their repurposing for different clinical applications. Recently, sarecycline (SA)-a new-generation molecule with a narrower antimicrobial spectrum-was clinically approved due to its anti-inflammatory profile and reduced adverse effects verified with prolonged use. Notwithstanding, little is known about its osteogenic potential, previously verified for early generation TCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Accordingly, the present study is focused on the assessment of the response of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) to a concentration range of SA, addressing the metabolic activity, morphology and osteoblastic differentiation capability, further detailing the modulation of Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch signaling pathways. In addition, an ex vivo organotypic bone development system was established in the presence of SA and characterized by microtomographic and histochemical analysis. RESULTS hBMSCs cultured with SA presented a significantly increased metabolic activity compared to control, with an indistinguishable cell morphology. Moreover, RUNX2 expression was upregulated 2.5-fold, and ALP expression was increased around sevenfold in the presence of SA. Further, GLI2 expression was significantly upregulated, while HEY1 and HNF1A were downregulated, substantiating Hedgehog and Notch signaling pathways' modulation. The ex vivo model developed in the presence of SA presented a significantly enhanced collagen deposition, extended migration areas of osteogenesis, and an increased bone mineral content, substantiating an increased osteogenic development. CONCLUSION Summarizing, SA is a promising candidate for drug repurposing within therapies envisaging the enhancement of bone healing/regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Martin
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, U. Porto, 4160-007, Porto, Portugal
- BoneLab - Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration - Faculty of Dental Medicine, U. Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Grenho
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, U. Porto, 4160-007, Porto, Portugal
- BoneLab - Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration - Faculty of Dental Medicine, U. Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria H Fernandes
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, U. Porto, 4160-007, Porto, Portugal
- BoneLab - Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration - Faculty of Dental Medicine, U. Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro S Gomes
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, U. Porto, 4160-007, Porto, Portugal.
- BoneLab - Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration - Faculty of Dental Medicine, U. Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393, Porto, Portugal.
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15
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Kang T, Zhang C, Lei H, Luo R, Liu M, Wang S, Zhang X, Duan Q, Xiao S, Zheng Y. NPTX2 Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma through METTL3-Mediated N6-Methyladenosine Methylation of SNAIL. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:977-988.e2. [PMID: 36638907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer. NPTX2, a member of the neuronal pentraxin family, is reported to play inconsistent roles in different cancers. The role and mechanism of NPTX2 in cSCC remain unclear. In this study, we found that NPTX2 was overexpressed in both skin lesions and cell lines of cSCC. In vitro studies showed that NPTX2 facilitated cell proliferation, migration, invasion, colony formation, and epithelial‒mesenchymal translation in A431 and SCL-1 cells. NPTX2 interacted with METTL3, increased METTL3 expression, and improved N6-methyladenosine modification in cSCC cell lines. Mechanistically, NPTX2 facilitated epithelial‒mesenchymal translation by promoting METTL3-mediated N6-methyladenosine of SNAIL. METTL3 knockdown and N6-methyladenosine inhibition reversed the impacts of NPTX2 overexpression on cSCC cells. In vivo studies verified the role of NPTX2 as an oncogene in cSCC. Therefore, NPTX2 may be a potential therapeutic target for cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Kang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Lei
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruiting Luo
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shengbang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiqi Duan
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shengxiang Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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16
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Zoodsma M, de Nooijer AH, Grondman I, Gupta MK, Bonifacius A, Koeken VACM, Kooistra E, Kilic G, Bulut O, Gödecke N, Janssen N, Kox M, Domínguez-Andrés J, van Gammeren AJ, Ermens AAM, van der Ven AJAM, Pickkers P, Blasczyk R, Behrens GMN, van de Veerdonk FL, Joosten LAB, Xu CJ, Eiz-Vesper B, Netea MG, Li Y. Targeted proteomics identifies circulating biomarkers associated with active COVID-19 and post-COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1027122. [PMID: 36405747 PMCID: PMC9670186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1027122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by the highly infectious Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is an urgent need for biomarkers that will help in better stratification of patients and contribute to personalized treatments. We performed targeted proteomics using the Olink platform and systematically investigated protein concentrations in 350 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 186 post-COVID-19 individuals, and 61 healthy individuals from 3 independent cohorts. Results revealed a signature of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is represented by inflammatory biomarkers, chemokines and complement-related factors. Furthermore, the circulating proteome is still significantly affected in post-COVID-19 samples several weeks after infection. Post-COVID-19 individuals are characterized by upregulation of mediators of the tumor necrosis (TNF)-α signaling pathways and proteins related to transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß. In addition, the circulating proteome is able to differentiate between patients with different COVID-19 disease severities, and is associated with the time after infection. These results provide important insights into changes induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection at the proteomic level by integrating several cohorts to obtain a large disease spectrum, including variation in disease severity and time after infection. These findings could guide the development of host-directed therapy in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Zoodsma
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Aline H. de Nooijer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Inge Grondman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Manoj Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Agnes Bonifacius
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Valerie A. C. M. Koeken
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Emma Kooistra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gizem Kilic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ozlem Bulut
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Nina Gödecke
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nico Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Anton A. M. Ermens
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, Netherlands
| | - Andre J. A. M. van der Ven
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georg M. N. Behrens
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank L. van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cheng-Jian Xu
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yang Li
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Importance of Fibrosis in the Pathogenesis of Uterine Leiomyoma and the Promising Anti-fibrotic Effects of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 and Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitors in the Treatment of Uterine Leiomyoma. Reprod Sci 2022; 30:1383-1398. [PMID: 35969363 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Uterine fibroid or leiomyoma is the most common benign uterus tumor. The tumor is primarily composed of smooth muscle (fibroid) cells, myofibroblast, and a significant amount of extracellular matrix components. It mainly affects women of reproductive age. They are uncommon before menarche and usually disappear after menopause. The fibroids have excessive extracellular matrix components secreted by activated fibroblast cells (myofibroblast). Myofibroblast has the characteristics of fibroblast and smooth muscle cells. These cells possess contractile capability due to the expression of contractile proteins which are normally found only in muscle tissues. The rigid nature of the tumor is responsible for many side effects associated with uterine fibroids. The current drug treatment strategies are primarily hormone-driven and not anti-fibrotic. This paper emphasizes the fibrotic background of uterine fibroids and the mechanisms behind the deposition of excessive extracellular matrix components. The transforming growth factor-β, hippo, and focal adhesion kinase-mediated signaling pathways activate the fibroblast cells and deposit excessive extracellular matrix materials. We also exemplify how dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and fibroblast activation protein inhibitors could be beneficial in reducing the fibrotic process in leiomyoma. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and fibroblast activation protein inhibitors prevent the fibrotic process in organs such as the kidneys, lungs, liver, and heart. These inhibitors are proven to inhibit the signaling pathways mentioned above at various stages of their activation. Based on literature evidence, we constructed a narrative review on the mechanisms that support the beneficial effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and fibroblast activation protein inhibitors for treating uterine fibroids.
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Honey: An Advanced Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Biomaterial for Tissue Engineering Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081663. [PMID: 36015289 PMCID: PMC9414000 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey was used in traditional medicine to treat wounds until the advent of modern medicine. The rising global antibiotic resistance has forced the development of novel therapies as alternatives to combat infections. Consequently, honey is experiencing a resurgence in evaluation for antimicrobial and wound healing applications. A range of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains and biofilms, are inhibited by honey. Furthermore, susceptibility to antibiotics can be restored when used synergistically with honey. Honey’s antimicrobial activity also includes antifungal and antiviral properties, and in most varieties of honey, its activity is attributed to the enzymatic generation of hydrogen peroxide, a reactive oxygen species. Non-peroxide factors include low water activity, acidity, phenolic content, defensin-1, and methylglyoxal (Leptospermum honeys). Honey has also been widely explored as a tissue-regenerative agent. It can contribute to all stages of wound healing, and thus has been used in direct application and in dressings. The difficulty of the sustained delivery of honey’s active ingredients to the wound site has driven the development of tissue engineering approaches (e.g., electrospinning and hydrogels). This review presents the most in-depth and up-to-date comprehensive overview of honey’s antimicrobial and wound healing properties, commercial and medical uses, and its growing experimental use in tissue-engineered scaffolds.
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Oleuropein Counteracts Both the Proliferation and Migration of Intra- and Extragonadal Seminoma Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112323. [PMID: 35684123 PMCID: PMC9182631 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent and growing literature has reported that oleuropein (OLE), the main polyphenol in olive leaf extract, inhibits tumor cell proliferation and reduces the invasiveness properties of cancer cells; therefore, OLE may play a significant role in the development of new drugs for cancer treatment. These antineoplastic properties have been reported in many experimental cancer models, but the effect of OLE on seminoma cells is yet to be evaluated. In the present study, we demonstrate, for the first time, that OLE reduces cell viability in both intra- and extragonadal TCAM-2 and SEM-1 seminoma cells, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. As shown by Western-blot analysis, OLE exposure reduced cyclin-D1 expression and upregulated p21Cip/WAF1, concomitantly affecting the upstream pathway of NF-κB, leading to the reduction of its nuclear content, thereby suggesting that OLE could modulate cell-cycle regulators by inhibiting NF-κB. Moreover, Annexin V staining revealed that OLE induced apoptosis in cancer cells and upregulated the pro-apoptotic factor BAX. Through wound-healing scratch and transmigration assays, we also demonstrated that OLE significantly reduced the migration and motility of TCAM-2 and SEM-1 cells, and downregulated the expression of TGFβ-1, which is known to be the main pro-fibrotic factor involved in the acquisition of the migratory and invasive properties of cancer cells. Collectively, our results indicate that OLE reduces seminoma cell proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and counteracts cell migration and motility. Further studies are needed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying these observed effects.
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Pan-Cancer Characterization of Intratumoral Autonomic Innervation in 32 Cancer Types in the Cancer Genome Atlas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102541. [PMID: 35626144 PMCID: PMC9139923 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There have been growing interests in the roles of intratumoral innervation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) as a mechanism linking psychosocial stress, β-adrenergic signaling pathways, and poor cancer outcomes, and a potential target for therapeutic purpose. Our current knowledge is being limited by the few cancer types where intratumoral ANS have been studied; it remains to be determined the extent of this mechanism existing in different cancer types. Our study provided the first pan-cancer characterization of intratumoral innervation across 32 cancer types, and further, their relationships with tumor histopathological and molecular characteristics and survival outcomes. We found wide variations in intratumoral ANS expression both within and across cancer types. The association of ANS signatures with tumor histopathological characteristics and survival outcomes also varied by cancer type. Our findings suggest that the potential benefits of cancer therapies targeting β-adrenergic receptor-mediated stress signaling pathways are likely dependent on cancer type. Abstract Over the past two decades, multiple studies have demonstrated the important role that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the mechanisms by which this process occurs have only recently begun to be elucidated. Further, the extent of autonomic innervation in various cancer types and its effects on tumor molecular, immunological, and histopathological features, as well as on patient outcomes, are not yet fully characterized. In this study, we analyzed intratumoral ANS gene expression signatures, including overall intratumoral neuron growth and sympathetic and parasympathetic markers, across 32 cancer types using tumor transcriptomic and clinical annotation data available from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Our analysis revealed wide variations in intratumoral ANS expression both within and across cancer types. The association of ANS signatures with tumor histopathological characteristics and survival outcomes also varied by cancer type. We found intratumoral ANS expression to be commonly correlated with angiogenesis, TGF-β signaling, and immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment of many cancer types, which provide mechanistic insights into the involvement of intratumoral innervation in cancer development and progression. Our findings suggest that the potential benefits of cancer therapies targeting β-adrenergic receptor-mediated stress signaling pathways are likely dependent on cancer type.
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Cinnamomum bejolghota Extract Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Cell Metastasis and TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Smad and Non-Smad Signaling Pathway. Sci Pharm 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm90020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum bejolghota, used in Thai traditional medicine remedies, has several biological activities including antimicrobial, antifungal, and anticancer. In colorectal cancer, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an initial step of cancer metastasis. Thus, this study investigated the effects of C. bejolghota bark extract (CBE) on colorectal cancer cell metastasis and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) induced EMT in LoVo cells. The results showed that CBE could reduce cell migration, invasion, and adhesion of LoVo cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, our studies also showed that CBE could reverse TGF-β1-induced morphological changes as well as increase an epithelial marker, E-cadherin, while the expression of the mesenchymal marker, N-cadherin, was decreased in TGF-β1-treated LoVo cells. MMP-2 expression was effectively decreased but TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression was increased by the CBE treatment in LoVo cells. CBE also inhibited Smad2/3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation as well as decreased the expression of Snail, Slug, and TCF8/ZEB1 transcription factors in LoVo cells. Moreover, CBE could inhibit TGF-β1-induced Smad-independent signaling pathway by decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, and Akt. These findings suggest that CBE inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT in LoVo cells via both Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways. Therefore, CBE may function as an alternative therapeutic treatment for colorectal cancer metastasis.
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22
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Krstic J, Deutsch A, Fuchs J, Gauster M, Gorsek Sparovec T, Hiden U, Krappinger JC, Moser G, Pansy K, Szmyra M, Gold D, Feichtinger J, Huppertz B. (Dis)similarities between the Decidual and Tumor Microenvironment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1065. [PMID: 35625802 PMCID: PMC9138511 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Placenta-specific trophoblast and tumor cells exhibit many common characteristics. Trophoblast cells invade maternal tissues while being tolerated by the maternal immune system. Similarly, tumor cells can invade surrounding tissues and escape the immune system. Importantly, both trophoblast and tumor cells are supported by an abetting microenvironment, which influences invasion, angiogenesis, and immune tolerance/evasion, among others. However, in contrast to tumor cells, the metabolic, proliferative, migrative, and invasive states of trophoblast cells are under tight regulatory control. In this review, we provide an overview of similarities and dissimilarities in regulatory processes that drive trophoblast and tumor cell fate, particularly focusing on the role of the abetting microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Krstic
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.K.); (J.F.); (M.G.); (J.C.K.); (G.M.); (B.H.)
| | - Alexander Deutsch
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.D.); (K.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Julia Fuchs
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.K.); (J.F.); (M.G.); (J.C.K.); (G.M.); (B.H.)
- Division of Biophysics, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Gauster
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.K.); (J.F.); (M.G.); (J.C.K.); (G.M.); (B.H.)
| | - Tina Gorsek Sparovec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria; (T.G.S.); (U.H.); (D.G.)
| | - Ursula Hiden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria; (T.G.S.); (U.H.); (D.G.)
| | - Julian Christopher Krappinger
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.K.); (J.F.); (M.G.); (J.C.K.); (G.M.); (B.H.)
| | - Gerit Moser
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.K.); (J.F.); (M.G.); (J.C.K.); (G.M.); (B.H.)
| | - Katrin Pansy
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.D.); (K.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Marta Szmyra
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.D.); (K.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Daniela Gold
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria; (T.G.S.); (U.H.); (D.G.)
| | - Julia Feichtinger
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.K.); (J.F.); (M.G.); (J.C.K.); (G.M.); (B.H.)
| | - Berthold Huppertz
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.K.); (J.F.); (M.G.); (J.C.K.); (G.M.); (B.H.)
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Chiang HY, Chu PH, Chen SC, Lee TH. MFG-E8 promotes osteogenic transdifferentiation of smooth muscle cells and vascular calcification by regulating TGF-β1 signaling. Commun Biol 2022; 5:364. [PMID: 35440618 PMCID: PMC9018696 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification occurs in arterial aging, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a key modulator driving the osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), leading to vascular calcification. We hypothesize that milk fat globule–epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8), a glycoprotein expressed in VSMCs, promotes the osteogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs through the activation of TGF-β1-mediated signaling. We observe that the genetic deletion of MFG-E8 prevents calcium chloride-induced vascular calcification in common carotid arteries (CCAs). The exogenous application of MFG-E8 to aged CCAs promotes arterial wall calcification. MFG-E8-deficient cultured VSMCs exhibit decreased biomineralization and phenotypic transformation to osteoblast-like cells in response to osteogenic medium. MFG-E8 promotes β1 integrin–dependent MMP2 expression, causing TGF-β1 activation and subsequent VSMC osteogenic transdifferentiation and biomineralization. Thus, the established molecular link between MFG-E8 and vascular calcification suggests that MFG-E8 can be therapeutically targeted to mitigate vascular calcification. A molecular link between the milk fat globule–epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8), activation of vascular calcification driver TGF-β1 and osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells suggests that MFG-E8 could be a therapeutic target for vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Yu Chiang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Hsien Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hein Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
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24
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Caban M, Owczarek K, Lewandowska U. The Role of Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors on Ocular Diseases: Focusing on Potential Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084256. [PMID: 35457074 PMCID: PMC9026850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eye diseases are associated with visual impairment, reduced quality of life, and may even lead to vision loss. The efficacy of available treatment of eye diseases is not satisfactory. The unique environment of the eye related to anatomical and physiological barriers and constraints limits the bioavailability of existing agents. In turn, complex ethiopathogenesis of ocular disorders that used drugs generally are non-disease specific and do not act causally. Therefore, there is a need for the development of a new therapeutic and preventive approach. It seems that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have a significant role in the development and progression of eye diseases and could be used in the therapy of these disorders as pharmacological targets. MMPs and TIMPs play an important role in the angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell invasion, and migration, which occur in ocular diseases. In this review, we aim to describe the participation of MMPs and TIMPs in the eye diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, dry eye syndrome, glaucoma, and ocular cancers, posterior capsule opacification focusing on potential mechanisms.
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25
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A computational study to assess the polymorphic landscape of matrix metalloproteinase 3 promoter and its effects on transcriptional activity. Comput Biol Med 2022; 145:105404. [PMID: 35339097 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) plays a crucial role in cancer progression and development by proteolyzing extracellular matrix substrates. Primarily, the expression of MMP3 is regulated at the transcriptional level. The minute interplay of various transcription factor binding motifs at the promoter region is responsible for the altered expression of the genes. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the transcription factor binding sites shows specific effects on gene expressions. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) strongly reported the association of common SNPs (rs3025058, rs522616, and rs617819) of MMP3 promoter with disease progression. The insufficient functional analysis of these promoter SNPs indicates the need for extensive mechanistic analysis on the effects of allelic variants upon transcription factor binding at MMP3 promoter. METHODS The binding of transcription factors on the MMP3 promoter sequence was investigated by a virtual laboratory. The interaction between the specific transcription factor and promoter DNA with allelic variants was analyzed by computational tools. RESULTS It was found that transcription factor c-Myb and Smad4 binding on MMP3 promoter were altered due to the presence of rs522616 and rs617819 SNPs, respectively. Further, the binding affinity of Smad4 to the MMP3 promoter containing C allele at -375 region is higher than that of its allelic variant G. CONCLUSION This study presented that the complex of Smad4-DNA fragment containing C allele has higher binding affinity and stability as compared with its allelic variant. Hence, it is predicted that rs617819 polymorphism directly affects the Smad4 binding motif on MMP3 promoter and alters its gene expression.
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Oishi T, Koizumi S, Kurozumi K. Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Challenges of Glioma Invasion. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020291. [PMID: 35204054 PMCID: PMC8870089 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor, and its prognosis is poor. Glioma cells are highly invasive to the brain parenchyma. It is difficult to achieve complete resection due to the nature of the brain tissue, and tumors that invade the parenchyma often recur. The invasiveness of tumor cells has been studied from various aspects, and the related molecular mechanisms are gradually becoming clear. Cell adhesion factors and extracellular matrix factors have a strong influence on glioma invasion. The molecular mechanisms that enhance the invasiveness of glioma stem cells, which have been investigated in recent years, have also been clarified. In addition, it has been discussed from both basic and clinical perspectives that current therapies can alter the invasiveness of tumors, and there is a need to develop therapeutic approaches to glioma invasion in the future. In this review, we will summarize the factors that influence the invasiveness of glioma based on the environment of tumor cells and tissues, and describe the impact of the treatment of glioma on invasion in terms of molecular biology, and the novel therapies for invasion that are currently being developed.
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Cristi F, Gutiérrez T, Hitt MM, Shmulevitz M. Genetic Modifications That Expand Oncolytic Virus Potency. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:831091. [PMID: 35155581 PMCID: PMC8826539 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.831091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a promising type of cancer therapy since they selectively replicate in tumor cells without damaging healthy cells. Many oncolytic viruses have progressed to human clinical trials, however, their performance as monotherapy has not been as successful as expected. Importantly, recent literature suggests that the oncolytic potential of these viruses can be further increased by genetically modifying the viruses. In this review, we describe genetic modifications to OVs that improve their ability to kill tumor cells directly, to dismantle the tumor microenvironment, or to alter tumor cell signaling and enhance anti-tumor immunity. These advances are particularly important to increase virus spread and reduce metastasis, as demonstrated in animal models. Since metastasis is the principal cause of mortality in cancer patients, having OVs designed to target metastases could transform cancer therapy. The genetic alterations reported to date are only the beginning of all possible improvements to OVs. Modifications described here could be combined together, targeting multiple processes, or with other non-viral therapies with potential to provide a strong and lasting anti-tumor response in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Cristi
- Shmulevitz Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tomás Gutiérrez
- Goping Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mary M. Hitt
- Hitt Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Mary M. Hitt, ; Maya Shmulevitz,
| | - Maya Shmulevitz
- Shmulevitz Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Mary M. Hitt, ; Maya Shmulevitz,
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Codelivery of Shikonin and siTGF-β for enhanced triple negative breast cancer chemo-immunotherapy. J Control Release 2022; 342:308-320. [PMID: 35031387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although chemoimmunotherapy has achieved considerable success in cancer treatment in recent years, the cure for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains elusive. The unsatisfied outcomes are likely attributed to deficient tumor immunogenicity, a strong immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITM) and tumor metastasis. To address this issue, we constructed an effective codelivery system, combined with tumor growth factor β (TGF-β) small interference RNA (siTGF-β) and shikonin (SK), to achieve successful chemoimmunotherapy of TNBC. The SK/siTGF-β NPs (approximately 110 nm) exhibited a uniform structure and good stability. Conjugated FA presented enhanced cellular uptake in 4 T1 cells, and siTGF-β escaped from lysosomes because of the "proton sponge" effect of PEI. Furthermore, SK actually induced satisfactory immunogenic cell death (ICD) and the resulting dendritic cell (DC) maturation facilitated a distinctly enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, generating a positive effect on tumor suppression. Simultaneously, the successful silencing of TGF-β alleviated the TGF-β-mediated ITM and inhibited the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), contributing to the infiltration of CTLs, suppression of regulatory T lymphocyte (Treg) proliferation and lung metastasis inhibition. Thus, the SK/siTGF-β NPs demonstrated the strongest therapeutic effect with delayed tumor growth (TIR = 88.5%) and lung metastasis restraint (77.3%). More importantly, tumor rechallenge assay suggested that the codelivery system produced a long-term immunological memory response to prevent tumor recurrence. Based on boosting the immune response and combating the ITM, SK/siTGF-β NPs would be a potential approach for TNBC therapy.
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Ahmed FA, Klausen C, Zhu H, Leung PCK. Myostatin increases human trophoblast cell invasion by upregulating N-cadherin via SMAD2/3-SMAD4 Signaling. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:1267-1277. [PMID: 35020826 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental insufficiency disorders are major obstetric complications that share a common phenomenon of poor placental trophoblast cell invasion and remodeling of uterine tissues. Myostatin is a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily member well-known for its important role in muscle growth control. Myostatin is also produced in the placenta and has been shown to regulate some trophoblast functions. However, its roles in placental development are still poorly understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that myostatin increases trophoblast cell invasion by upregulating N-cadherin via SMAD2/3-SMAD4 signaling. Primary and immortalized (HTR8/SVneo) trophoblast cells were used as study models. Matrigel-coated transwell invasion assays were used to study the effects of recombinant human myostatin on trophoblast cell invasion. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to measure myostatin effects on N-cadherin mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Small inhibitor molecules as well as siRNA-mediated knockdown were used to block myostatin receptor and downstream signaling, respectively. Data were analyzed either by unpaired Student T test or one-way ANOVA followed by Newman Keuls test for multiple group comparisons. Myostatin significantly increased primary and HTR8/SVneo trophoblast cell invasion. Moreover, myostatin upregulated N-cadherin mRNA and protein levels in a time dependent manner in both study models. These effects were blocked by inhibition of TGF-β type I receptors as well as siRNA-mediated knockdown of SMAD2/3 combined or common SMAD4. Importantly, myostatin-induced trophoblast cell invasion was abolished by knockdown of N-cadherin, SMAD2/3 or SMAD4. Myostatin may increase human trophoblast cell invasion by upregulating N-cadherin via SMAD2/3-SMAD4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten AbdelHafez Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christian Klausen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Mafra RP, Sabino VG, Rolim LSA, de Carvalho CHP, Nonaka CFW, Barboza CAG, de Souza LB, Pinto LP. Role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma: An immunohistochemical and in vitro analysis. Exp Mol Pathol 2021; 124:104722. [PMID: 34800515 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) on the biological behavior and prognosis of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). METHODS Immunoexpression of PAI-1 was analyzed in 60 OTSCC specimens and classified as low-expression (≤50% of positive cells) or high-expression (>50%). In vitro effects of recombinant human PAI-1 (rhPAI-1) were assessed through functional assays on the OTSCC-derived cell line SCC-25. Three cell groups were evaluated: G0 (control), G10 (10 nM rhPAI-1), and G20 (20 nM rhPAI-1). RESULTS High membrane expression of PAI-1 was associated with tumor budding (p = 0.046) and high-risk cases (p = 0.043). Cytoplasmic and membrane expression of PAI-1 was not associated with patient survival. Cell viability (p = 0.020) and progression to the S-phase of the cell cycle (p = 0.024) were higher in G10 and G20 at 24 h. The percentages of apoptotic/necrotic cells were not affected by rhPAI-1. The presence of rhPAI-1 increased cell migration (p = 0.039) and invasion (p = 0.039) after 24 and 72 h, respectively. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate the involvement of PAI-1 in the biological behavior of OTSCC, although its expression may not predict patient survival. The in vitro results suggest that PAI-1 stimulates cell proliferation, migration and invasion and may contribute to the aggressive phenotype of OTSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Porpino Mafra
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN 59056-000, Brazil.
| | - Vladimir Galdino Sabino
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN 59056-000, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Santos Amaral Rolim
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN 59056-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Cassiano Francisco Weege Nonaka
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande, PB 58429-500, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Augusto Galvão Barboza
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN 59056-000, Brazil.
| | - Lélia Batista de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN 59056-000, Brazil.
| | - Leão Pereira Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN 59056-000, Brazil.
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Ong CH, Tham CL, Harith HH, Firdaus N, Israf DA. TGF-β-induced fibrosis: A review on the underlying mechanism and potential therapeutic strategies. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 911:174510. [PMID: 34560077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plays multiple homeostatic roles in the regulation of inflammation, proliferation, differentiation and would healing of various tissues. Many studies have demonstrated that TGF-β stimulates activation and proliferation of fibroblasts, which result in extracellular matrix deposition. Its increased expression can result in many fibrotic diseases, and the level of expression is often correlated with disease severity. On this basis, inhibition of TGF-β and its activity has great therapeutic potential for the treatment of various fibrotic diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, renal fibrosis, systemic sclerosis and etc. By understanding the molecular mechanism of TGF-β signaling and activity, researchers were able to develop different strategies in order to modulate the activity of TGF-β. Antisense oligonucleotide was developed to target the mRNA of TGF-β to inhibit its expression. There are also neutralizing monoclonal antibodies that can target the TGF-β ligands or αvβ6 integrin to prevent binding to receptor or activation of latent TGF-β respectively. Soluble TGF-β receptors act as ligand traps that competitively bind to the TGF-β ligands. Many small molecule inhibitors have been developed to inhibit the TGF-β receptor at its cytoplasmic domain and also intracellular signaling molecules. Peptide aptamer technology has been used to target downstream TGF-β signaling. Here, we summarize the underlying mechanism of TGF-β-induced fibrosis and also review various strategies of inhibiting TGF-β in both preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Hao Ong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43300, Malaysia
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43300, Malaysia
| | - Hanis Hazeera Harith
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43300, Malaysia
| | - Nazmi Firdaus
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43300, Malaysia
| | - Daud Ahmad Israf
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43300, Malaysia.
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Apelin expression deficiency in mice contributes to vascular stiffening by extracellular matrix remodeling of the aortic wall. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22278. [PMID: 34782679 PMCID: PMC8593139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous recent studies have shown that in the continuum of cardiovascular diseases, the measurement of arterial stiffness has powerful predictive value in cardiovascular risk and mortality and that this value is independent of other conventional risk factors, such as age, cholesterol levels, diabetes, smoking, or average blood pressure. Vascular stiffening is often the main cause of arterial hypertension (AHT), which is common in the presence of obesity. However, the mechanisms leading to vascular stiffening, as well as preventive factors, remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the consequences of apelin deficiency on the vascular stiffening and wall remodeling of aorta in mice. This factor freed by visceral adipose tissue, is known for its homeostasic role in lipid and vascular metabolisms, or again in inflammation. We compared the level of metabolic markers, inflammation of white adipose tissue (WAT), and aortic wall remodeling from functional and structural approaches in apelin-deficient and wild-type (WT) mice. Apelin-deficient mice were generated by knockout of the apelin gene (APL-KO). From 8 mice by groups, aortic stiffness was analyzed by pulse wave velocity measurements and by characterizations of collagen and elastic fibers. Mann-Whitney statistical test determined the significant data (p < 5%) between groups. The APL-KO mice developed inflammation, which was associated with significant remodeling of visceral WAT, such as neutrophil elastase and cathepsin S expressions. In vitro, cathepsin S activity was detected in conditioned medium prepared from adipose tissue of the APL-KO mice, and cathepsin S activity induced high fragmentations of elastic fiber of wild-type aorta, suggesting that the WAT secretome could play a major role in vascular stiffening. In vivo, remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), such as collagen accumulation and elastolysis, was observed in the aortic walls of the APL-KO mice, with the latter associated with high cathepsin S activity. In addition, pulse wave velocity (PWV) and AHT were increased in the APL-KO mice. The latter could explain aortic wall remodeling in the APL-KO mice. The absence of apelin expression, particularly in WAT, modified the adipocyte secretome and facilitated remodeling of the ECM of the aortic wall. Thus, elastolysis of elastic fibers and collagen accumulation contributed to vascular stiffening and AHT. Therefore, apelin expression could be a major element to preserve vascular homeostasis.
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Lv T, Zhao Y, Jiang X, Yuan H, Wang H, Cui X, Xu J, Zhao J, Wang J. uPAR: An Essential Factor for Tumor Development. J Cancer 2021; 12:7026-7040. [PMID: 34729105 PMCID: PMC8558663 DOI: 10.7150/jca.62281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is closely related to the loss of control of many genes. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), a glycolipid-anchored protein on the cell surface, is controlled by many factors in tumorigenesis and is expressed in many tumor tissues. In this review, we summarize the regulatory effects of the uPAR signaling pathway on processes and factors related to tumor progression, such as tumor cell proliferation, adhesion, metastasis, glycolysis, tumor microenvironment and angiogenesis. Overall, the evidence accumulated to date suggests that uPAR induction by tumor progression may be one of the most important factors affecting therapeutic efficacy. An improved understanding of the interactions between uPAR and its coreceptors in cancer will provide critical biomolecular information that may help to better predict the disease course and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lv
- College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, China 655011.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province Universities of the Diversity and Ecological Adaptive Evolution for Animals and Plants on YunGui Plateau, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China 655011
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, China 655011
| | - Xinni Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China 610500
| | - Hemei Yuan
- College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, China 655011
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, China 655011.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province Universities of the Diversity and Ecological Adaptive Evolution for Animals and Plants on YunGui Plateau, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China 655011
| | - Xuelin Cui
- College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, China 655011
| | - Jiashun Xu
- College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, China 655011
| | - Jingye Zhao
- College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, China 655011
| | - Jianlin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, China 655011
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Trombetta-Lima M, Rosa-Fernandes L, Angeli CB, Moretti IF, Franco YM, Mousessian AS, Wakamatsu A, Lerario AM, Oba-Shinjo SM, Pasqualucci CA, Marie SKN, Palmisano G. Extracellular Matrix Proteome Remodeling in Human Glioblastoma and Medulloblastoma. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4693-4707. [PMID: 34533964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastomas (MBs) and glioblastomas (GBMs) are high-incidence central nervous system tumors. Different origin sites and changes in the tissue microenvironment have been associated with the onset and progression. Here, we describe differences between the extracellular matrix (ECM) signatures of these tumors. We compared the proteomic profiles of MB and GBM decellularized tumor samples between each other and their normal decellularized brain site counterparts. Our analysis revealed that 19, 28, and 11 ECM proteins were differentially expressed in MBs, GBMs, and in both MBs and GBMs, respectively. Next, we validated key findings by using a protein tissue array with 53 MB and 55 GBM cases and evaluated the clinical relevance of the identified differentially expressed proteins through their analysis on publicly available datasets, 763 MB samples from the GSE50161 and GSE85217 studies, and 115 GBM samples from RNAseq-TCGA. We report a shift toward a denser fibrillary ECM as well as a clear alteration in the glycoprotein signature, which influences the tumor pathophysiology. MS data have been submitted to the PRIDE repository, project accession: PXD023350.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Trombetta-Lima
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory (LIM 15), Neurology Department, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Livia Rosa-Fernandes
- Parasitology Department, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Claudia B Angeli
- Parasitology Department, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Isabele F Moretti
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory (LIM 15), Neurology Department, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Yollanda M Franco
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory (LIM 15), Neurology Department, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Adaliana S Mousessian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory (LIM 15), Neurology Department, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Alda Wakamatsu
- Hepatic Pathology Laboratory (LIM 14), Pathology Department, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Antonio M Lerario
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sueli M Oba-Shinjo
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory (LIM 15), Neurology Department, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Pasqualucci
- Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Suely K N Marie
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory (LIM 15), Neurology Department, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Parasitology Department, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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Hung WY, Lee WJ, Cheng GZ, Tsai CH, Yang YC, Lai TC, Chen JQ, Chung CL, Chang JH, Chien MH. Blocking MMP-12-modulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition by repurposing penfluridol restrains lung adenocarcinoma metastasis via uPA/uPAR/TGF-β/Akt pathway. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:1087-1103. [PMID: 34319576 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) is a crucial factor determining patient survival. Repurposing of the antipsychotic agent penfluridol has been found to be effective in the inhibition of growth of various cancers. As yet, however, the anti-metastatic effect of penfluridol on LADC has rarely been investigated. Herein, we addressed the therapeutic potential of penfluridol on the invasion/metastasis of LADC cells harboring different epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation statuses. METHODS MTS viability, transwell migration and invasion, and tumor endothelium adhesion assays were employed to determine cytotoxic and anti-metastatic effects of penfluridol on LADC cells. Protease array, Western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF) staining, and expression knockdown by shRNA or exogenous overexpression by DNA plasmid transfection were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms, both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We found that nontoxic concentrations of penfluridol reduced the migration, invasion and adhesion of LADC cells. Protease array screening identified matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) as a potential target of penfluridol to modulate the motility and adhesion of LADC cells. In addition, we found that MMP-12 exhibited the most significantly adverse prognostic effect in LADC among 39 cancer types. Mechanistic investigations revealed that penfluridol inhibited the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA)/uPA receptor/transforming growth factor-β/Akt axis to downregulate MMP-12 expression and, subsequently, reverse MMP-12-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Subsequent analysis of clinical LADC samples revealed a positive correlation between MMP12 and mesenchymal-related gene expression levels. A lower survival rate was found in LADC patients with a SNAl1high/MMP12high profile compared to those with a SNAl1low/MMP12low profile. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that MMP-12 may serve as a useful biomarker for predicting LADC progression and as a promising penfluridol target for treating metastatic LADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yueh Hung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Zhou Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Han Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ching Lai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Hsing Long Road, Section 3, Taipei, 11696, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Qing Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Chi-Li Chung
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Hwa Chang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Hsing Long Road, Section 3, Taipei, 11696, Taiwan.
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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36
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Lee SW, Park SE, Jeong GS. Sporadic cell death in macroscale 3D tumor grafts with high drug resistance by activating cell-ECM interactions. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 34496353 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac24dd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment (TME), the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a dynamic structure for cell adhesion and cancer cell motility, such as migration and invasion, as well as remodeling. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) promote cancer cell motility, which contributes to inducing drug resistance and thereby acquiring aggressive features. The drug resistance-induced 3Din vitrotumor model can be an effective model for therapeutic strategies for anticancer drugs targeting aggressive cancer cells. Here, we describe highly drug-resistant multicellular tumoroids (MCTs)-ECM tumor grafts under a macroscale dense 3Din vitromodel through a combination of numerous MCTs and a collagen matrix. MCTs-ECM tumor grafts promote the high activity of MMP2 and MMP9 compared to general MCTs and induced cancer cell motility. Then, after the administration of anticancer drugs, the tumor grafts show increased drug resistance, with both the sporadic distribution of necrotic cells and the reduction of apoptotic portions, by activating cancer cell motility. MCTs-ECM tumor graft could be useful as a macroscale tumor graft model for inducing drug resistance by activating cancer cell motility and evaluating the efficacy of anticancer drugs targeting cancer with aggressive features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Woo Lee
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Seok Jeong
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Herranz-Itúrbide M, Peñuelas-Haro I, Espinosa-Sotelo R, Bertran E, Fabregat I. The TGF-β/NADPH Oxidases Axis in the Regulation of Liver Cell Biology in Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092312. [PMID: 34571961 PMCID: PMC8470857 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway plays essential roles in liver development and homeostasis and become a relevant factor involved in different liver pathologies, particularly fibrosis and cancer. The family of NADPH oxidases (NOXs) has emerged in recent years as targets of the TGF-β pathway mediating many of its effects on hepatocytes, stellate cells and macrophages. This review focuses on how the axis TGF-β/NOXs may regulate the biology of different liver cells and how this influences physiological situations, such as liver regeneration, and pathological circumstances, such as liver fibrosis and cancer. Finally, we discuss whether NOX inhibitors may be considered as potential therapeutic tools in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Herranz-Itúrbide
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.H.-I.); (I.P.-H.); (R.E.-S.); (E.B.)
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Peñuelas-Haro
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.H.-I.); (I.P.-H.); (R.E.-S.); (E.B.)
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rut Espinosa-Sotelo
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.H.-I.); (I.P.-H.); (R.E.-S.); (E.B.)
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Bertran
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.H.-I.); (I.P.-H.); (R.E.-S.); (E.B.)
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Fabregat
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.H.-I.); (I.P.-H.); (R.E.-S.); (E.B.)
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-932-607-828
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Oshiba RT, Touson E, Elsherbini YM, Abdraboh ME. Melatonin: A regulator of the interplay between FoxO1, miR96, and miR215 signaling to diminish the growth, survival, and metastasis of murine adenocarcinoma. Biofactors 2021; 47:740-753. [PMID: 34058789 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (Mel.), also known as the magic hormone, is a nocturnally secreted hormone orchestrates the clearance of free radicals that have been built up and cumulated during day. This study aims to detect the impact of pineal gland removal on the incidence of tumor development and to assess the signaling pathways via which exogenous melatonin counteract cancer growth. This goal has been achieved by novel approach for pineal destruction using dental micromotor which validated by melatonin downregulation in blood plasma. Mice were injected sub-cutenously with Ehrlich cells to develop solid tumor as a murine model of breast cancer. The increase at tumor markers carcino embryonic antigen, TNFα, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells was over countered by exogenous melatonin supplementation (20 mg/kg) daily for 1 month. The anticancer effects of melatonin were significantly mediated by scavenging H2 O2 and NO and diminishing of lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde. The real-time polymerase chain Rx analyses indicated a significant effect of Melatonin in upregulating the expression of miR215, fork head box protein O1 (foxO1), and downregulation of miR96. Flowcytometric analyses indicated a significant effect of melatonin on induction of cell cycle arrest at G1 phase which was further confirmed by Ki67 downregulation. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated the role of melatonin in upregulating P53-dependent apoptosis and downregulating CD44 signaling for survivin, matrix metallo-protein kinase 2, and vascular endothelial growth factor to inhibit cell survival and metastasis. In conclusion, this study sheds the light on M./P53/miR215/CD44 with an emphasis on M./miR96//foxO1 signaling cascades, as a novel pathway of melatonin signaling in adenocarcinoma to diminish cancer cell growth, survival and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab T Oshiba
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ehab Touson
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Elsherbini
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Mohamed E Abdraboh
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Wawruszak A, Halasa M, Okon E, Kukula-Koch W, Stepulak A. Valproic Acid and Breast Cancer: State of the Art in 2021. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3409. [PMID: 34298623 PMCID: PMC8306563 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (2-propylpentanoic acid, VPA) is a short-chain fatty acid, a member of the group of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs). VPA has been successfully used in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorders, and schizophrenia for over 50 years. Numerous in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical studies suggest that this well-known anticonvulsant drug significantly inhibits cancer cell proliferation by modulating multiple signaling pathways. Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy affecting women worldwide. Despite significant progress in the treatment of BC, serious adverse effects, high toxicity to normal cells, and the occurrence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) still limit the effective therapy of BC patients. Thus, new agents which improve the effectiveness of currently used methods, decrease the emergence of MDR, and increase disease-free survival are highly needed. This review focuses on in vitro and in vivo experimental data on VPA, applied individually or in combination with other anti-cancer agents, in the treatment of different histological subtypes of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wawruszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (E.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Marta Halasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (E.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Estera Okon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (E.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (E.O.); (A.S.)
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40
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Pavlović N, Milošević N, Đjanić M, Goločorbin-Kon S, Stanimirov B, Stankov K, Mikov M. Antimetastatic Potential of Quercetin Analogues with Improved Pharmacokinetic Profile: Pharmacoinformatic Preliminary Study. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1407-1413. [PMID: 34102994 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210608102452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system is a crucial pathway for tumor invasion and metastasis. Recently, multiple anticancer effects of quercetin have been described, including inhibitory activity against uPA. However, the clinical use of this flavonoid has been limited due to its low oral bioavailability. OBJECTIVE The objectives of the study were to assess the antimetastatic potential of quercetin analogues by analyzing their binding affinity for uPA and to select the compounds with improved pharmacological profiles. METHODS Binding affinities of structural analogues of quercetin to uPA receptor were determined by molecular docking analysis using Molegro Virtual Docker software, and molecular descriptors relevant for estimating pharmacological profile were calculated from ligand structures using computational models. RESULTS Among 44 quercetin analogues, only one quercetin analogue (3,6,2',4',5'-pentahydroxyflavone) was found to possess both higher aqueous solubility and membrane permeability, and a stronger affinity for uPA than quercetin, which makes it the potential lead compound for anticancer drug development. Like quercetin, this compound has five hydroxyl groups but is arranged differently, which contributes to the higher aqueous solubility and higher amphiphilic moment compared to quercetin. Since membrane permeability is not recognized as the limiting factor for quercetin absorption, analogues with higher aqueous solubility and retained or stronger uPA inhibitory activity should also be further experimentally validated for potential therapeutic use. CONCLUSION Identified quercetin analogues with better physicochemical and pharmacological properties have a high potential to succeed in later stages of research in biological systems as potential anticancer agents with antimetastatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebojša Pavlović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad. Serbia
| | - Nastasija Milošević
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad. Serbia
| | - Maja Đjanić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad. Serbia
| | | | - Bojan Stanimirov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad. Serbia
| | - Karmen Stankov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad. Serbia
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad. Serbia
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Nakamura M, Yoshida H, Moriyama Y, Kawakita I, Wlizla M, Takebayashi-Suzuki K, Horb ME, Suzuki A. TGF-β1 signaling is essential for tissue regeneration in the Xenopus tadpole tail. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 565:91-96. [PMID: 34102475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amphibians such as Xenopus tropicalis exhibit a remarkable capacity for tissue regeneration after traumatic injury. Although transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor signaling is known to be essential for tissue regeneration in fish and amphibians, the role of TGF-β ligands in this process is not well understood. Here, we show that inhibition of TGF-β1 function prevents tail regeneration in Xenopus tropicalis tadpoles. We found that expression of tgfb1 is present before tail amputation and is sustained throughout the regeneration process. CRISPR-mediated knock-out (KO) of tgfb1 retards tail regeneration; the phenotype of tgfb1 KO tadpoles can be rescued by injection of tgfb1 mRNA. Cell proliferation, a critical event for the success of tissue regeneration, is downregulated in tgfb1 KO tadpoles. In addition, tgfb1 KO reduces the expression of phosphorylated Smad2/3 (pSmad2/3) which is important for TGF-β signal-mediated cell proliferation. Collectively, our results show that TGF-β1 regulates cell proliferation through the activation of Smad2/3. We therefore propose that TGF-β1 plays a critical role in TGF-β receptor-dependent tadpole tail regeneration in Xenopus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nakamura
- Amphibian Research Center, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshida
- National Xenopus Resource and Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Yuka Moriyama
- Amphibian Research Center, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Itsuki Kawakita
- Amphibian Research Center, School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Marcin Wlizla
- National Xenopus Resource and Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Kimiko Takebayashi-Suzuki
- Amphibian Research Center, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Marko E Horb
- National Xenopus Resource and Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Amphibian Research Center, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.
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The Urokinase Receptor: A Multifunctional Receptor in Cancer Cell Biology. Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084111. [PMID: 33923400 PMCID: PMC8073738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis is a key event in several biological processes; proteolysis must be tightly controlled because its improper activation leads to dramatic consequences. Deregulation of proteolytic activity characterizes many pathological conditions, including cancer. The plasminogen activation (PA) system plays a key role in cancer; it includes the serine-protease urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). uPA binds to a specific cellular receptor (uPAR), which concentrates proteolytic activity at the cell surface, thus supporting cell migration. However, a large body of evidence clearly showed uPAR involvement in the biology of cancer cell independently of the proteolytic activity of its ligand. In this review we will first describe this multifunctional molecule and then we will discuss how uPAR can sustain most of cancer hallmarks, which represent the biological capabilities acquired during the multistep cancer development. Finally, we will illustrate the main data available in the literature on uPAR as a cancer biomarker and a molecular target in anti-cancer therapy.
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Nantajit D, Chailapakul P, Bawornpatarapakorn S, Chamchod S, Laebua K. Prognostic significance of uPA and uPAR expression in patients with cervical cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:423. [PMID: 33850564 PMCID: PMC8025075 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer remains a major health threat. Urokinase serves as a marker of metastatic tumors. The present study aimed to determine whether the expression levels of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), before and during the course of radiotherapy, serve as prognostic markers for patients with cervical cancer. Cervical tumor tissue biopsies were collected from 72 patients before radiotherapy and after the completion of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) before intracavitary brachytherapy. The levels of uPA and uPAR were determined using ELISA assays. The significance of the associations between the protein expression levels and the clinical outcomes of patients was determined. Although irradiation enhanced uPA and uPAR expression in cervical cancer cell lines, average uPA levels significantly decreased in tumors, and uPAR levels significantly increased after EBRT. The levels of uPA increased in 12 patients and decreased in 26 patients; and those of uPAR increased in 13 patients and decreased in two patients. Cox regression analysis revealed that increased expression of uPAR was significantly associated with 5-year overall survival rate [hazard ratio (HR), 3.65; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18-11.30]. However, the levels of both proteins before radiotherapy failed to predict clinical outcomes. Other significant predictive factors were partial response (HR 7.22; 95% CI 1.17-44.73) and disease progression (HR, 13.41; 95% CI, 1.17-153.07). These findings indicated that increased expression of uPAR in cervical tumor tissue during radiotherapy may serve as a prognostic marker for patients with cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danupon Nantajit
- Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.,Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Piyawan Chailapakul
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Sarinya Bawornpatarapakorn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Sasikarn Chamchod
- Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Kanyanee Laebua
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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Mahmoudian RA, Gharaie ML, Abbaszadegan MR, Alasti A, Forghanifard MM, Mansouri A, Gholamin M. Crosstalk between MMP-13, CD44, and TWIST1 and its role in regulation of EMT in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2465-2478. [PMID: 33604811 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play key roles in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) for the development of cancer cell invasion and metastasis. MMP-13 is an extracellular matrix (ECM)-degrading enzyme that plays crucial roles in angiogenesis, cell cycle regulation, niche maintenance, and transforming squamous epithelial cells in various tissues. CD44, a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on esophageal tumor cells, is required for EMT induction and invasion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The transcription factor TWIST1, as EMT and stemness marker, regulates MMPs expression and is identified as the downstream target of CD44. In this study, we aimed to investigate the probable interplay between the expression of key genes contributing to ESCC development, including MMP-13, TWIST1, and CD44 with clinical features for introducing novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets in the disease. The gene expression profiling of MMP-13, TWIST1, and CD44 was performed using quantitative real-time PCR in tumor tissues from 50 ESCC patients compared to corresponding margin non-tumoral tissues. Significant overexpression of MMP-13, CD44S, CD44V3, CD44V6, and TWIST1 were observed in 74%, 36%, 44%, 44%, and 52% of ESCC tumor samples, respectively. Overexpression of MMP-13 was associated with stage of tumor progression, metastasis, and tumor location (P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between TWIST1 overexpression and grade (P < 0.05). Furthermore, overexpression of CD44 variants was associated with stage of tumor progression, grade, tumor invasion, and location (P < 0.05). The results indicated the significant correlation between concomitant expression of MMP-13/TWIST1, TWIST1/CD44, and CD44/MMP-13 with each other in a variety of clinicopathological traits, including depth of tumor invasion, tumor location, stage of tumor, and lymph node involvement in ESCC tissue samples (P < 0.05). Collectively, our results indicate that the TWIST1-CD44-MMP-13 axis is involved in tumor aggressiveness, proposing these genes as regulators of EMT, diagnostic markers, and therapeutic targets in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Lotfi Gharaie
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Ali Alasti
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Atena Mansouri
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Innovated Medical Research Center and Department of Immunology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Gholamin
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box 345-91357, Mashhad, Iran.
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Inhibition of tumor invasion and metastasis by targeting TGF-β-Smad-MMP2 pathway with Asiatic acid and Naringenin. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 20:277-289. [PMID: 33614911 PMCID: PMC7873580 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) has been shown to promote tumor invasion and metastasis by activating the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); however, signaling mechanisms remain controversial and therapies targeting MMPs are still suboptimal. In the present study, we found that combined therapy with Asiatic acid (AA), a Smad7 agonist, and Naringenin (NG), a Smad3 inhibitor, effectively retrieved the balance between Smad3 and Smad7 signaling in the TGF-β-rich tumor microenvironment and thus significantly suppressed tumor invasion and metastasis in mouse models of melanoma and lung carcinoma. Mechanistically, we unraveled that Smad3 acted as a transcriptional activator of MMP2 and as a transcriptional suppressor of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP2) via binding to 5′ UTR of MMP2 and 3′ UTR of TIMP2, respectively. Treatment with NG inhibited Smad3-mediated MMP2 transcription while increasing TIMP, whereas treatment with AA enhanced Smad7 to suppress TGF-β/Smad3 signaling, as well as the activation of MMP2 by targeting the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-membrane-type-1 MMP (MT1-MMP) axis. Therefore, the combination of AA and NG additively suppressed invasion and metastasis of melanoma and lung carcinoma by targeting TGF-β/Smad-dependent MMP2 transcription, post-translational activation, and function.
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Silvestrini VC, Thomé CH, Albuquerque D, de Souza Palma C, Ferreira GA, Lanfredi GP, Masson AP, Delsin LEA, Ferreira FU, de Souza FC, de Godoy LMF, Aquino A, Carrilho E, Panepucci RA, Covas DT, Faça VM. Proteomics analysis reveals the role of ubiquitin specific protease (USP47) in Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) induced by TGFβ2 in breast cells. J Proteomics 2020; 219:103734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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47
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Molecular Chaperones in Cancer Stem Cells: Determinants of Stemness and Potential Targets for Antitumor Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040892. [PMID: 32268506 PMCID: PMC7226806 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a great challenge in the fight against cancer because these self-renewing tumorigenic cell fractions are thought to be responsible for metastasis dissemination and cases of tumor recurrence. In comparison with non-stem cancer cells, CSCs are known to be more resistant to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Elucidation of mechanisms and factors that promote the emergence and existence of CSCs and their high resistance to cytotoxic treatments would help to develop effective CSC-targeting therapeutics. The present review is dedicated to the implication of molecular chaperones (protein regulators of polypeptide chain folding) in both the formation/maintenance of the CSC phenotype and cytoprotective machinery allowing CSCs to survive after drug or radiation exposure and evade immune attack. The major cellular chaperones, namely heat shock proteins (HSP90, HSP70, HSP40, HSP27), glucose-regulated proteins (GRP94, GRP78, GRP75), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1), peptidyl-prolyl isomerases, protein disulfide isomerases, calreticulin, and also a transcription heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) initiating HSP gene expression are here considered as determinants of the cancer cell stemness and potential targets for a therapeutic attack on CSCs. Various approaches and agents are discussed that may be used for inhibiting the chaperone-dependent development/manifestations of cancer cell stemness.
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Lin H, Xu L, Yu S, Hong W, Huang M, Xu P. Therapeutics targeting the fibrinolytic system. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:367-379. [PMID: 32152451 PMCID: PMC7156416 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of the fibrinolytic system was first identified to dissolve fibrin to maintain vascular patency. Connections between the fibrinolytic system and many other physiological and pathological processes have been well established. Dysregulation of the fibrinolytic system is closely associated with multiple pathological conditions, including thrombosis, inflammation, cancer progression, and neuropathies. Thus, molecules in the fibrinolytic system are potent therapeutic and diagnostic targets. This review summarizes the currently used agents targeting this system and the development of novel therapeutic strategies in experimental studies. Future directions for the development of modulators of the fibrinolytic system are also discussed. The fibrinolytic system was originally identified to dissolve blood clots, and is shown to have important roles in other pathological processes, including cancer progression, inflammation, and thrombosis. Molecules or therapeutics targeting fibrinolytic system have been successfully used in the clinical treatments of cancer and thrombotic diseases. The clinical studies and experimental models targeting fibrinolytic system are reviewed by Haili Lin at Sanming First Hosipital, Mingdong Huang at Fuzhou University in China, and Peng Xu at A*STAR in Singapore to demonstrate fibrinolytic system as novel therapeutic targets. As an example, the inhibition of fibrinolytic system protein can be used to suppress cancer prolifieration and metastasis. This review also discusses the potential therapeutic effects of inhibitiors of fibrinolytic system on inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sanming First Hospital, 365000, Sanming, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Luning Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sanming First Hospital, 365000, Sanming, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Yu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Mingdong Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Xu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
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Mitschke J, Burk UC, Reinheckel T. The role of proteases in epithelial-to-mesenchymal cell transitions in cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 38:431-444. [PMID: 31482486 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Changing the characteristics of cells from epithelial states to mesenchymal properties is a key process involved in developmental and physiological processes as well as in many diseases with cancer as the most prominent example. Nowadays, a great deal of work and literature concerns the understanding of the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in terms of its molecular regulation and its implications for cancer. Similar statements can certainly be made regarding the investigation of the more than 500 proteases typically encoded by a mammalian genome. Specifically, the impact of proteases on tumor biology has been a long-standing topic of interest. However, although EMT actively regulates expression of many proteases and proteolytic enzymes are clearly involved in survival, division, differentiation, and movements of cells, information on the diverse roles of proteases in EMT has been rarely compiled. Here we aim to conceptually connect the scientific areas of "EMT" and "protease" research by describing how several important classes of proteolytic enzymes are regulated by EMT and how they are involved in initiation and execution of the EMT program. To do so, we briefly introduce the evolving key features of EMT and its regulation followed by discussion of protease involvement in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mitschke
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike C Burk
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, partner site Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany. .,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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Silvestrini VC, Lanfredi GP, Masson AP, Poersch A, Ferreira GA, Thomé CH, Faça VM. A proteomics outlook towards the elucidation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition molecular events. Mol Omics 2020; 15:316-330. [PMID: 31429845 DOI: 10.1039/c9mo00095j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The main cause of death in cancer is the spread, or metastasis, of cancer cells to distant organs with consequent tumor formation. Additionally, metastasis is a process that demands special attention, as the cellular transformations make cancer at this stage very difficult or occasionally even impossible to be cured. The main process that converts epithelial tumor cells to mesenchymal-like metastatic cells is the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). This process allows stationary and polarized epithelial cells, which are connected laterally to several types of junctions as well as the basement membrane, to undergo multiple biochemical changes that enable disruption of cell-cell adherence and apical-basal polarity. Moreover, the cells undergo important reprogramming to remodel the cytoskeleton and acquire mesenchymal characteristics such as enhanced migratory capacity, invasiveness, elevated resistance to apoptosis and a large increase in the production of ECM components. As expected, the alterations of the protein complement are extensive and complex, and thus exploring this by proteomic approaches is of particular interest. Here we review the overall findings of proteome modifications during EMT, mainly focusing on molecular signatures observed in multiple proteomic studies as well as coordinated pathways, cellular processes and their clinical relevance for altered proteins. As a result, an interesting set of proteins is highlighted as potential targets to be further investigated in the context of EMT, metastasis and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia Campos Silvestrini
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology - FMRP - University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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