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Lindgreen P, Willaing I, Clausen L, Ismail K, Grønbæk HN, Andersen CH, Persson F, Cleal B. "I Haven't Told Anyone but You": Experiences and Biopsychosocial Support Needs of People With Type 2 Diabetes and Binge Eating. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:621-634. [PMID: 38183221 PMCID: PMC11103901 DOI: 10.1177/10497323231223367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Up to 25% of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) may binge eat which is almost 10 times as many as in the general population. Binge eating is associated with depression, anxiety, and social isolation. Moreover, binge eating may increase the risk of obesity and high blood glucose levels, both of which can accelerate the onset of complications to diabetes and death in people with T2D. Still, little is known about the experiences, needs, and preferences of people with T2D and binge eating that can inform and develop current and future treatment efforts. The aim of the study was therefore to gain in-depth insights into the experiences and biopsychosocial support needs of women and men with T2D and binge eating. Twenty semi-structured individual interviews (65% with females) were conducted and analyzed according to the methodology of Interpretive Description. Four themes were identified: (a) T2D and binge eating: Feeling trapped in a vicious circle; (b) Unwanted outcasts: Responding to continuous criticism; (c) Biomedical relief: Blaming and adjusting the body; and, (d) Silent struggles: Wanting to cease the secrecy. Pertinent to all themes were the guilt, shame, and worries about developing complications that the participants experienced when binge eating despite having T2D. Although binge eating triggered emotional distress, binge eating was at the same time a way of coping with such distress. Implications for treatment and future research are discussed, including the need to systematically assess and address binge eating in routine T2D care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingrid Willaing
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Loa Clausen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Khalida Ismail
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Bryan Cleal
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Cerea S, Iannattone S, Mancin P, Bottesi G, Marchetti I. Eating disorder symptom dimensions and protective factors: A structural network analysis study. Appetite 2024; 197:107326. [PMID: 38552742 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Eating Disorders (EDs) and related symptoms pose a substantial public health concern due to their widespread prevalence among both genders and associated negative outcomes, underscoring the need for effective preventive interventions. In this context, deepening our understanding of the interplay between ED symptoms and related protective factors appears crucial. Therefore, this study employed a structural network analysis approach considering both ED symptom dimensions (i.e., drive for thinness, bulimic symptoms, and body dissatisfaction) and related protective factors (i.e., body and functionality appreciation, intuitive eating, and self-esteem) to shed light on how these factors are interrelated. A community sample of 1391 individuals (34.4% men; Mage = 26.4 years) completed a socio-demographic schedule and self-report questionnaires. The network showed that the nodes with the highest positive expected influence were body and functionality appreciation, while those with the highest negative expected influence were eating for physical rather than emotional reasons and unconditional permission to eat (i.e., two components of intuitive eating). Crucially, the most relevant bridges between the conceptual communities "ED symptom dimensions" and "Protective factors" were the negative relations between (a) eating for physical rather than emotional reasons and bulimic symptoms, (b) unconditional permission to eat and drive for thinness, and (c) body appreciation and body dissatisfaction. Finally, age, gender, and body mass index did not moderate any edge in the network. The practical implications of these findings are discussed, especially in terms of preventive interventions for ED symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cerea
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.
| | - Sara Iannattone
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Mancin
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Gioia Bottesi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Igor Marchetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy
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Santana DD, Mitchison D, Mannan H, Griffiths S, Appolinario JC, da Veiga GV, Touyz S, Hay P. Twenty-year associations between disordered eating behaviors and sociodemographic features in a multiple cross-sectional sample. Psychol Med 2023; 53:5012-5021. [PMID: 35833367 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disordered eating behaviors (DEB) impact on health and wellbeing worldwide. This study aimed to examine sociodemographic trends in the prevalence of DEB over 20 years in the Australian general population. METHODS Data were derived from five sequential cross-sectional surveys (1998, 2008, 2009, 2016 and 2017) with population-representative samples of adults and adolescents residing in South Australia (N = 15 075). DEBs investigated were objective binge eating (OBE), strict dieting/fasting, and purging. Sociodemographic data included gender, age, educational level, work and marital status, and residence. RESULTS OBE prevalence increased significantly. Strict dieting/fasting also increased from 1998 to 2008/9 but remained stable between 2008/9 and 2016/7. Purging prevalence did not change significantly over time. All survey years were associated with a significantly higher odds of OBE, and strict diet/fasting compared to 1998. Lower age, a higher Accessibility Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA) score, higher body mass index (BMI), higher educational attainment, and not being in a married or de facto relationship were independently associated with greater adjusted odds for endorsing OBE. Younger age, female gender, and higher BMI were also independently associated with greater adjusted odds for endorsing strict dieting/fasting. CONCLUSIONS The increased prevalence of DEBs in various strata of Australian society has both public health and clinical implications. The results refute the stereotype that eating disorders (EDs) predominantly affect young women. They build impetus for future research on EDs among men and older individuals, with a view to developing tailored public health and clinical interventions for these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Dias Santana
- Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deborah Mitchison
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
- Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, SWSLHD, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Haider Mannan
- School of Medicine, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott Griffiths
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jose Carlos Appolinario
- Group of Obesity and Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gloria Valeria da Veiga
- Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stephen Touyz
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- School of Medicine, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
- Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, SWSLHD, New South Wales, Australia
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Garcia SC, Sanzari CM, Blau LE, Coffino JA, Hormes JM. Stigmatization of binge eating disorder in men: Implicit associations with weight status and femininity. Eat Behav 2023; 49:101733. [PMID: 37121131 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorders are highly stigmatized, but stigma against binge eating disorder (BED) specifically is relatively understudied, especially in men. We compared perceptions of a male target with BED to one with alcohol use disorder (AUD), which shares the key characteristic of subjective loss of control over consumption. We also investigated how participants' eating and alcohol use behaviors and attitudes towards psychotherapy influence perceptions of these disorders. METHODS Participants (n = 402) viewed vignettes describing a male target engaged in excess alcohol use or binge eating and rated the target on various attributes and as being responsible for or in control of their behavior and suffering from an addiction warranting treatment. Participants completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Binge Eating Scale, and questions about attitudes towards and experience with psychological treatment. RESULTS The BED target was rated as significantly less "thin," more "overweight" and "obese", and higher on several positive attributes and traits traditionally associated with femininity; the AUD target was thought more likely to be suffering from an addiction and in need of psychological treatment (all p < .05), with no differences between targets in ratings of responsibility for or control over the problematic behavior. Ratings were unrelated to participants' attitudes towards or experience with psychological treatment and personal alcohol consumption or binge eating behaviors. CONCLUSIONS BED in men appears less stigmatized than AUD but is implicitly associated with weight status and femininity, which may increase reluctance to seek treatment. Both AUD and BED were generally recognized as pathological and warranting intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cruz Garcia
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, United States of America
| | - Christina M Sanzari
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, United States of America
| | - Lauren E Blau
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry at the Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States of America
| | - Jaime A Coffino
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, United States of America; Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Julia M Hormes
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, United States of America.
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da Luz FQ, Sainsbury A, Salis Z, Hay P, Cordás T, Morin CM, Paulos-Guarnieri L, Pascoareli L, El Rafihi-Ferreira R. A systematic review with meta-analyses of the relationship between recurrent binge eating and sleep parameters. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:145-164. [PMID: 36581669 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep problems are known to compound the negative effects of other health issues, such as eating disorders and the associated behavior of binge eating. Previous studies suggested associations between binge eating and sleep problems, but the strength of the relationship is unknown. METHODS We conducted a systematic review with meta-analyses examining the relationship between binge eating and sleep parameters. We searched for studies in Scopus, PubMed, and PsycInfo. The quality of evidence, including risk of bias, was assessed with adaptations of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Quasi-Experimental Studies, depending on study design. Data was synthesized as the difference in sleep between people who did or did not have binge eating. RESULTS Thirty-one reports of studies met our eligibility criteria. Results are presented in 12 meta-analyses. In the 7 reports of studies (with 4448 participants) that assessed poor overall sleep quality, we found poorer overall sleep quality in people with binge eating compared to people without binge eating, with a standardized mean difference of 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61-0.92; P < 0.001), which is a large effect size. In addition, we found evidence that people with binge eating had significantly greater hypersomnia/daytime sleepiness (7 reports of studies with 4370 participants), insomnia (5 reports of studies with 12,733 participants), and difficulty falling asleep (3 reports of studies with 4089 participants) compared to people without binge eating, with moderate effect sizes (standardized mean differences of 0.57-0.66). CONCLUSIONS People with binge eating exhibit poorer overall sleep quality compared to people without binge eating, and may also exhibit greater hypersomnia/daytime sleepiness, insomnia, and difficulty falling asleep. It is recommended that healthcare professionals routinely screen for poor overall sleep quality when treating people with binge eating-and address sleep difficulties when present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Q da Luz
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Eating Disorders Program (AMBULIM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Sainsbury
- The University of Western Australia, School of Human Sciences, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Zubeyir Salis
- University of New South Wales, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Centre for Big Data Research in Health, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Western Sydney University, School of Medicine, Translational Health Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Táki Cordás
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Eating Disorders Program (AMBULIM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Charles M Morin
- Université Laval, École de Psychologie, Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Léo Paulos-Guarnieri
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Sleep Ambulatory (ASONO), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luisa Pascoareli
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Eating Disorders Program (AMBULIM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renatha El Rafihi-Ferreira
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Sleep Ambulatory (ASONO), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Wang Y, Ma Z, Lu S, Duan Z, Wilson A, Jia Y, Yang Y, Chen R. Associations between sex differences, eating disorder behaviors, physical and mental health, and self-harm among Chinese adolescents. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:30. [PMID: 36850005 PMCID: PMC9972801 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Eating Disorders (ED) result in impaired well-being, but there exist an insufficient number of studies that have focused on the influence of sex and sexual orientation disparities within ED behaviors. Thus, we aimed to investigate ED behaviors among male and female adolescents with different sexual orientations in a school sample to understand prevalence and correlates of different ED behaviors. METHOD Data was analysed from 11,440 Chinese school adolescents with a mean age of 14.74 years (SD = 1.46). Reported data was gathered on sociodemographic information including sexual orientation, ED behaviors, health factors (reported health, cognitive function), mental health factors (depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-injurious behavior), and social functioning (school bully victimization, and school bully perpetration). Logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations with ED behaviors, using the heterosexual orientation as the reference group as they are the majority. RESULTS Compared to female adolescents, male adolescents reported lower anxiety symptoms (t = - 12.39, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = - 0.233), were more likely to be the perpetrator of school bullying (χ2 = 190.61, p < 0.001, φ = 0.129), and reported a lower likelihood of taking dietary restriction (χ2 = 290.08, p < 0.001, φ = 0.160). Overall, the prevalence of dietary restriction presented sex disparities. Adolescents who reported no sexual attraction were less likely to engage in ED behaviors. Using heterosexual orientation as the reference group, the group who reported no sexual attraction was associated with lower risk in dietary restriction and purging in both male and female adolescents. Using the heterosexual orientation as the reference group, female sexual minority groups were at high risk of ED behaviors, with bisexual orientation and gay/lesbian orientation having a higher likelihood of engaging in objective binge eating. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed significant sex and sexual orientation differences of ED behaviors. The study suggests that adolescents is a period of sexuality development and could be critical for understanding adolescents' eating behaviors. It is important to guide adolescents to healthy eating during their development and considerations should be made by clinicians when creating interventions for ED behaviors among the different sex and sexual orientation groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Ma
- Computational Communication Collaboratory, School of Journalism and Communication, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Su Lu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Zhizhou Duan
- Preventive Health Service, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, 152 Aiguo Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Amanda Wilson
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Yinwei Jia
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Runsen Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, No.30, Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China. .,Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Keefe K, Moore S, Hammersley J, Kopatich R. The Role of Binge Eating Concerns and Suicidal Thinking for Recent Sexual Assault Survivors in Treatment. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE STUDENT PSYCHOTHERAPY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87568225.2023.2173115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Keefe
- Department of Psychology, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL, USA
| | - Sharon Moore
- Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA
| | | | - Ryan Kopatich
- Department of Psychology, Augustana College, Rock Island, IL, USA
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Schultz A, Maurer L, Alexandrowicz RW. Strengths and weaknesses of the German translation of the Inflexible Eating Questionnaire and of eating disorder assessment in general. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1002463. [PMID: 36600707 PMCID: PMC9806356 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1002463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present article introduces the German translation of the Inflexible Eating Questionnaire (IEQ-G), performs a psychometric evaluation, and explores the relationship of Inflexible Eating to the subscales of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and Obsessive-Compulsive (OC) symptoms. Methods The cross-sectional study was carried out in the German-speaking area. A paper and pencil survey was completed by 612 females and 442 males of the general population. Results SEM analyses showed that the IEQ-G allows for calculating a total score and invariance tests were mostly promising. As a side result, the original 4-factorial structure of the EDE-Q could not be replicated, but a 3 dimensional solution proved convincing. From a psychometric point of view, the IEQ-G outperformed the EDE-Q. On a latent level, Inflexible Eating was remarkably strong related to OC-symptoms and the EDE-Q subscales. Discussion The detail analyses revealed that Eating Disorder assessment in general lacks subgroup-specific aspects, for instance, regarding gender or dietary preferences, important for early diagnosis and screening of ED. The IEQ-G proved applicable in a German speaking adult population and recommends itself for cross-cultural studies.
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Loss of control may uniquely predict negative affect among the disinhibited eating experiences of high-risk young men. Eat Behav 2022; 47:101674. [PMID: 36240577 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loss of control (LOC) eating is a disordered eating behavior that is prevalent but understudied among men. It is common for men with LOC eating to concurrently engage in diverse eating behaviors characterized as disinhibited. It remains unclear which eating qualities are most distressing for men. This study evaluated the link between disinhibited eating qualities and subsequent negative affect in young men. METHODS 42 men (18-35 y) who reported engaging in ≥4 LOC eating episodes in the prior month completed a 14-day ecological momentary assessment protocol. For each meal and snack, participants were asked to rate the extent to which they felt they overate; lost control; ate more than planned; ate mindlessly; had concerns about wasting food; and were encouraged to eat more by others. State negative affect was evaluated during random intervals five times per day. RESULTS After adjusting for previous negative affect and time between ratings, five of the six eating qualities were significantly and positively associated with subsequent negative affect according to between-participant findings (ps < 0.026). In within-participant analyses, only LOC was significantly and positively associated with subsequent negative affect (p = 0.044). DISCUSSION While a range of disinhibited eating qualities are correlated with negative affect in a sample of young men, a sense of LOC while eating may be a promising target for interventions focused on improving the psychological functioning of high-risk young men.
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Minnick AM, Cachelin FM, Gil-Rivas V. Examining predictors of binge eating behaviors among racially and ethnically diverse college men. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-7. [PMID: 35984674 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2108322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: College men may be at risk for binge eating (BE) but are underrepresented in research. This study aimed to examine if body weight/shape concerns, perceived stress, and psychological distress significantly contributed to the likelihood of BE over the past 28 days. Participants: A racially/ethnically diverse sample (N = 873) of college men. Method: An anonymous online survey was administered. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the hypothesized associations for the entire sample, and exploratory analyses were conducted within each racial/ethnic group. Results: The model explained approximately 25% of the variance in BE, with body weight/shape concerns as the only significant predictor in the overall sample and for the White, Black, and Asian subsamples; none of the variables were significant among Latino men. Conclusions: Body weight/shape concerns predict BE among diverse college men. The findings have implications for future research, as well as for prevention and intervention for college men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Minnick
- Division of Sleep Medicine, and Affiliated with the Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fary M Cachelin
- Psychology and Wellbeing, The Open University, London, England, UK
| | - Virginia Gil-Rivas
- Health Psychology Ph.D. Program, and Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
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Liang XH, Ren YL, Liang XY, Chen JY, Qu P, Tang X. Relationship between quality of life and adolescent glycolipid metabolism disorder: A cohort study. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:566-580. [PMID: 36051423 PMCID: PMC9329843 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i7.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of glucolipid metabolic disorders (GLMDs) in children and adolescents has a recognized association with cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adulthood. Therefore, it is important to enhance our under-standing of the risk factors for GLMD in childhood and adolescence.
AIM To explore the relationship between quality of life (QoL) and adolescent GLMD.
METHODS This study included 1956 samples in 2019 from a cohort study established in 2014. The QoL scale and glycolipid indexes were collected during follow-up; other covariates of perinatal factors, physical measures, and socioeconomic indicators were collected and adjusted. A generalized linear regression model and logistic regression model were used to analyse the correlation between QoL and GLMD.
RESULTS Higher scores of QoL activity opportunity, learning ability and attitude, attitude towards doing homework, and living convenience domains correlated negatively with insulin and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (IR) levels. Psychosocial factors, QoL satisfaction factors, and total QoL scores had significant protective effects on insulin and IR levels. Activity opportunity, learning ability and attitude, attitude towards doing homework domains of QoL, psychosocial factor, and total score of QoL correlated positively with high density lipoprotein. In addition, the attitude towards doing homework domain was a protective factor for dyslipidaemia, IR > 3, and increased fasting blood glucose; four factors, QoL and total QoL score correlated significantly negatively with IR > 3. In subgroup analyses of sex, more domains of QoL correlated with insulin and triglyceride levels, dyslipidaemia, and IR > 3 in females. Poor QoL was associated with an increased prevalence of GLMD, and the effect was more pronounced in males than in females. Measures to improve the QoL of adolescents are essential to reduce rates of GLMD.
CONCLUSION Our study revealed that QoL scores mainly correlate negatively with the prevalence of GLMD in adolescents of the healthy population. The independent relationship between QoL and GLMD can be illustrated by adjusting for multiple covariates that may be associated with glycaemic index. In addition, among females, more QoL domains are associated with glycaemic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Liang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yang-Ling Ren
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Liang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing-Yu Chen
- Ultrasound Department of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Ping Qu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xian Tang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Chongqing 400016, China
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Suarez-Lledo V, Mejova Y. Behavior Change Around an Online Health Awareness Campaign: A Causal Impact Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:857531. [PMID: 35812477 PMCID: PMC9260224 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.857531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
National Eating Disorders Association conducts a NEDAwareness week every year, during which it publishes content on social media and news aimed to raise awareness of eating disorders. Measuring the impact of these actions is vital for maximizing the effectiveness of such interventions. This study is an effort to empirically measure the change in behavior of users who engage with NEDAwareness content, and compare the detected changes between campaigns in two different years. We analyze a total of 35,895 tweets generated during two campaigns of NEDAwareness campaigns in 2019 and 2020. In order to assess the reach of each campaign, we consider the users participating in the campaigns and their number of followers, as well as retweeting engagement. We use the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) text modeling and causal impact analysis in order to gauge the change in self-expression of users who have interacted with the NEDAwareness content, compared to a baseline group of users. We further enrich our understanding of the users by extracting gender information from their display names. We find that, despite large media corporations (such as MTV and Teen Vogue) participating in the campaign, it is governmental and nonprofit accounts who are among the accounts that attract the most retweets. Whereas the most influential accounts were well-connected in 2019, the 2020 campaign saw little retweeting between such accounts, negatively impacting the reach of the material. Both campaigns engaged women at around 40% and men 17%, supporting previous research showing women to be more likely to share their experiences with eating disorders. Further, women were more likely to mention other health topics within the 15 days of the intervention, including pregnancy and abortion, as well as depression and anxiety, and to discuss the developing COVID pandemic in 2020. Despite the positive message of the campaign, we find that the users who have engaged with this content were more likely to mention the linguistic categories concerning anxiety and risk. Thus, we illustrate the complex, gender-specific effects of NEDAwareness online health intervention campaign on the continued self-expression of its audience and provide actionable insights for potential improvement of such public health efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Suarez-Lledo
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- Computational Social Science DataLab, University Research Institute on Social Sciences, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
- *Correspondence: Victor Suarez-Lledo
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Shank LM, Moursi NA, Tanofsky-Kraff M. Loss-of-Control Eating and Cardiometabolic Health in Relation to Overweight and Obesity. Curr Diab Rep 2022; 22:257-266. [PMID: 35403985 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-022-01466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Loss-of-control (LOC) eating, the subjective feeling of being unable to control what or how much is being consumed, is common. The purpose of this review was to examine the relationships among LOC eating, cardiometabolic health, and weight management intervention outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS In youth and adults, LOC eating is associated with and predictive of psychological symptoms, high weight, and worsened cardiometabolic health. While LOC eating pre-intervention does not appear to impact outcomes, LOC eating during or following is associated with worsened outcomes from behavioral and surgical weight management interventions. When individuals are undergoing weight management interventions, it may be important to regularly assess for LOC eating. There is limited research on the examined relationships in diverse populations (e.g., males, individuals of a lower socio-economic status, racial/ethnic minority groups). Future research should examine these relationships across the lifespan in diverse populations, with a focus on how these relationships can be impacted through targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Shank
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Nasreen A Moursi
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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14
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Yahya AS, Khawaja S, Williams PS, Naguib M. Binge eating disorder and type 2 diabetes: epidemiology and treatment approaches. PROGRESS IN NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pnp.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Saeed Yahya
- Dr Yahya is a Consultant Psychiatrist at the Maudsley Hospital in South London and the Priory Hospital North London
| | - Shakil Khawaja
- Dr Khawaja is a Consultant Psychiatrist and ECT Clinical Lead at North East London NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Paul Simon Williams
- Dr Williams is a Consultant Forensic Psychiatrist at Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust
| | - Meena Naguib
- Dr Naguib is a Locum Consultant Psychiatrist at North East London NHS Foundation Trust. Dr Naguib was previously a Consultant in Psychiatric Intensive Care at Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust
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Papini NM, Jung M, Cook A, Lopez NV, Ptomey LT, Herrmann SD, Kang M. Psychometric properties of the 26-item eating attitudes test (EAT-26): an application of rasch analysis. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:62. [PMID: 35509106 PMCID: PMC9069796 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 26-item Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) is a commonly used tool to assess eating disorder risk. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the EAT-26 with a combined sample: (1) of adults with overweight and obesity enrolled in a behavioral weight loss program and (2) general adult sample (n = 469; age = 36.17 ± 17.83 years; female = 72.5%; white = 66.3%; obese BMI category = 58%). METHODS Rasch modeling was used to assess model-data fit, create an item-person map to evaluate relative distribution items and persons, item difficulty, and person's eating disorder (ED) risk level of the EAT-26. Differential item functioning (DIF) and rating scale functioning of the EAT-26 were also evaluated using Rasch analysis. RESULTS A total of 7 misfit items were removed from the final analysis due to unacceptable Infit and Outfit mean square residual values. The item-person map showed that the items were biased toward participants with moderate to high levels of ED risk and did not cover those who had low risk for having an ED (< - 1 logits). The DIF analyses results showed that none of the items functioned differently across sex, but 5 items were flagged based on obesity status. The six-category Likert-type rating scale did not function well indicating a different response format may be needed. CONCLUSION Several concerns were identified with the psychometric evaluation of the EAT-26 that may question its utility in assessing ED risk in individuals at low risk for ED, within samples of people who have overweight and obesity seeking weight loss treatment. The 26-item Eating Attitudes Test is a self-rated measure of eating attitudes that measures symptoms and concerns of eating disorders (ED). Very little is known about how this instrument performs differently based on individual factors like body mass index (BMI) and sex (male/female). We used an advanced measurement theory (i.e., Rasch analysis) to determine if the EAT-26 is an adequate measure to detect disordered eating in men and women of different BMIs. Results indicated that the EAT-26 was biased toward participants with moderate to high levels of disordered eating risk and did not adequately detect individuals at low risk for disordered eating. The EAT-26 did not function differently based on sex (male/female). However, five questions did function differently based on obesity status (those without obesity/ those with obesity). Finally, we observed the six-category rating scale did not function appropriately and that a new response format may be warranted. In sum, there were several issues (e.g., poor rating scale and different item functioning) with the EAT-26 and future work should develop screening tools that detect low risk of disordered eating as well as function well in adults with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Papini
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, 1100 S. Beaver St., Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA.
| | - Myungjin Jung
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Amanda Cook
- Volunteer Behavioral Health Care System, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Nanette V Lopez
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, 1100 S. Beaver St., Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA
| | - Lauren T Ptomey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Minsoo Kang
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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16
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Mason TB, Do B, Chu D, Belcher BR, Dunton GF, Lopez NV. Associations among affect, diet, and activity and binge-eating severity using ecological momentary assessment in a non-clinical sample of middle-aged fathers. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:543-551. [PMID: 33866535 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Knowledge of within-day factors associated with binge-eating severity among middle-aged fathers is limited. The purpose of the current report was to examine within-day associations of affect, diet, and activity in relation to binge-eating severity using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in men. METHODS Twenty-three middle-aged fathers completed 8 days of EMA and wore accelerometers to objectively assess activity. Generalized estimating equations assessed relationships among affect, diet, and activity and binge-eating severity. RESULTS When positive affect was above average, men reported greater binge-eating severity in the next 2 h. Oppositely, when negative affect was above average, men reported less binge-eating severity in the next 2 h. At times when men reported consumption of sweets and fast food, they reported higher binge-eating severity during the same 2-h window. Men with greater average levels of light activity reported less overall binge-eating severity. CONCLUSIONS Findings show that affect, unhealthy food intake, and light activity could be targeted among middle-aged fathers to reduce binge-eating severity and prevent eating disorders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III: Evidence obtained from cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| | - Bridgette Do
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Daniel Chu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Britni R Belcher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Nanette V Lopez
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
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17
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Mercurio AE, Hong F, Amir C, Tarullo AR, Samkavitz A, Ashy M, Malley-Morrison K. Relationships Among Childhood Maltreatment, Limbic System Dysfunction, and Eating Disorders in College Women. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:520-537. [PMID: 32228345 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520912590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms linking childhood maltreatment and eating pathology are not fully understood. We examined the mediating role of limbic system dysfunction in the relationships between three forms of childhood maltreatment (parental psychological maltreatment, parental physical maltreatment, and parental emotional neglect) and eating disorder symptoms. A convenience sample of college women (N = 246, M age = 19.62, SD = 2.41) completed measures of maltreatment (Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales and the Parental Bonding Instrument), limbic system dysfunction (Limbic System Questionnaire), and eating pathology (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire). We hypothesized that there would be an indirect effect of each type of childhood maltreatment on eating disorder symptoms via limbic system irritability. Results generally supported the hypotheses. Examination of the individual paths that defined the indirect effect indicated that higher reported childhood maltreatment was associated with greater limbic irritability symptoms, and higher limbic irritability symptomatology was related to higher total eating disorder scores. There were no significant direct effects for any of the proposed models. Findings are in line with research supporting the role of limbic system dysfunction as a possible pathway in the maltreatment-eating disorder link. Given that limbic system dysfunction may underlie behavioral symptoms of eating disorders, efforts targeting limbic system dysfunction associated with child maltreatment might best be undertaken at an early developmental stage, although interventions for college women struggling with eating disorders are also crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Majed Ashy
- Adult and Child Therapy Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Body dissatisfaction and ethnic identity are associated with loss of control eating among young adult African American men. Eat Behav 2021; 43:101578. [PMID: 34768130 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
African American men are rarely the focus of attention in investigations of loss of control (LOC) eating. Theory and extant data support a robust link between body dissatisfaction and LOC eating behaviors in women. Ethnic identity may buffer this association, as the degree to which racially and ethnically diverse women identify with their ethnic group has been shown to decrease the relevancy of the Western culture body ideal, thereby decreasing disordered eating pathology. These associations have not been evaluated in African American men. The current study examined the link between body dissatisfaction and LOC eating frequency in 261 young African American men (1830 years old). Ethnic identity was evaluated as an independent variable and as a putative moderator. After adjusting for income, education, and body mass index, body dissatisfaction was significantly and positively associated with LOC eating frequency (p < .001). Ethnic identity did not function as a significant moderator (p = .84) but was significantly and inversely associated with LOC eating frequency (p < .001). Although longitudinal studies are needed, these data suggest that there may be multiple pathways through which young African American men engage in LOC eating. Similar to extant research with women and other ethnic groups, body dissatisfaction appears to play a role in the LOC eating of African American men. Additional research is needed to clarify the nature of the association between ethnic identity and LOC eating in this population.
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19
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Associations among weight-based teasing distress, impulsive emotion regulation, and loss of control eating in racially and ethnically diverse young men. Eat Behav 2021; 43:101543. [PMID: 34399304 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
According to affect regulation models, distress associated with weight-based teasing may be related to loss of control (LOC) eating. Maladaptive coping strategies may further exacerbate this association, but such hypotheses have not been evaluated in men. The purpose of the current study was to examine the association between distress from weight-based teasing and LOC eating in racially and ethnically diverse young men. The degree to which men engage in impulsive behavior when distressed was investigated as a moderating variable. Exploratory analyses examined the proposed associations within racial/ethnic identity groups. The current study included 1011 young men (18-30 years, Mage = 23.9 ± 3.6 y, 28.3% non-Hispanic White; 23.4% African American; 24.3% Hispanic/Latino; 23.8% Asian/Asian American). Participants completed an online survey with measures of weight-based teasing, LOC eating frequency, engagement in impulsive behavior when distressed, and demographics. After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and body mass index, there was a positive association between distress from weight-based teasing and LOC eating frequency (p < .001). In the full sample, the tendency to engage in impulsive behavior when distressed exacerbated this link (p < .01). Exploratory analyses revealed the moderating effect of impulsive coping on distress from teasing was significant in non-Hispanic White men, but was not significant for all others. These findings suggest that men are not immune to the negative correlates of weight-based teasing. LOC eating may function as a maladaptive coping mechanism, or may be an artifact of the disordered eating symptoms that can emerge during extreme efforts to obtain a thinner physique.
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20
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Carr MM, Lawson JL, Wiedemann AA, Barnes RD. Examining impairment and distress from food addiction across demographic and weight groups. Eat Behav 2021; 43:101574. [PMID: 34678631 PMCID: PMC8629934 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Rates of food addiction (FA) vary across weight and demographic groups. Factors influencing discrepant prevalence rates are largely unknown. Rates of clinically significant distress or impairment also vary across demographic groups, yet prior studies have overlooked the diagnostic significance of distress/impairment in heterogenous groups. We tested if weight and demographic groups differed in their likelihood of endorsing distress/impairment from FA. Participants (N = 1832) recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk completed the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS). The mYFAS includes 11 dichotomous symptom indicators and one dichotomous distress/impairment indicator. Differences in distress/impairment were tested across weight, sex, racial/ethnic, and educational groups using logistic regression. FA severity was controlled for using FA symptom count. There were no differences among racial/ethnic and educational groups (p > 0.05). Compared to men, women were more likely to report distress/impairment (aOR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.28-3.03). People with obesity were more likely to report distress/impairment compared to people with overweight (aOR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.39-3.49) or normal weight (aOR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.26-3.13). Individual characteristics (i.e., sex, weight) may influence reporting of distress/impairment from FA. Further inquiry may be appropriate for men and people with normal weight or overweight presenting with FA symptoms who otherwise deny distress/impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan M Carr
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St., New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America.
| | - Jessica L Lawson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St., New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Psychology Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Ave., West Haven, CT 06516, United States of America
| | - Ashley A Wiedemann
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St., New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America
| | - Rachel D Barnes
- Division - General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
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21
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Binge eating among young adults: association with sociodemographic factors, nutritional intake, dietary n-6: n-3 ratio and impulsivity. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1431-1440. [PMID: 33441196 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating behaviour (BE) is the major symptom of binge eating disorder (BED). This study aimed to compare the nutritional intake in the presence or absence of BE, with a particular focus on dietary n-6:n-3 ratio, to assess the association between BE and impulsivity and the mediating effect of BMI on this association. A total of 450 university students (age 18-28 years) participated. The self-administered questionnaires were a semi-quantitative FFQ and the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale and the binge eating scale. The average BE score was 11·6 (se 7·388), and 20 % of the total participants scored above the cut-off of 17, thus presenting BE with 95 % CI of 16·3, 23·7 %. Our study revealed that greater BMI, higher total energy intake, greater negative urgency and positive urgency scores were significantly associated with BE. Participants with high value of dietary n-6:n-3 ratio were 1·335 more at risk to present a BE compared with those with a lower value of this ratio (P = 0·017). The relationship between BE score and UPPS domains score was not mediated by the BMI. This is the first study reporting a link between high dietary n-6:n-3 ratio and BE as well as the fact that BE was linked to both, negative and positive urgencies, and that the association between BE and impulsivity was not mediated by BMI. These findings can help to deal more efficiently with people suffering from BE, a symptom that can precede the development of BED.
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22
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Rehn S, Raymond JS, Boakes RA, Leenaars CHC. A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal models of binge eating - Part 1: Definitions and food/drink intake outcomes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:1137-1156. [PMID: 34742923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating involves consuming excessive amounts of food within a discrete period of time and is associated with significant impairments in binge-eating disorder and bulimia nervosa. While research on clinical binge eating has provided valuable aetiological insights, animal models allow for closer examination of environmental, biological, and developmental risk factors. Numerous animal models of binge eating exist and differ widely in operational definitions of bingeing, animal characteristics and methodological parameters. The current review aimed to synthesise the available published evidence on these models. A systematic review of binge definitions in 170 articles found most studies displayed good face validity. Meta-analyses on 150 articles confirmed that the amount of food or drink consumed by animals under binge conditions was larger than that of non-binge conditions across many protocols. The meta-regression revealed species, strain, and sex moderated binge effect size, with the largest effect observed in studies with female animals and mice. Risk of bias assessment identified that improved reporting of allocation, baseline characteristics and outcome assessment is required in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Rehn
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia.
| | - Joel S Raymond
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Robert A Boakes
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia
| | - Cathalijn H C Leenaars
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6600, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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23
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Williamson G, Osa ML, Budd E, Kelly NR. Weight-related teasing is associated with body concerns, disordered eating, and health diagnoses in racially and ethnically diverse young men. Body Image 2021; 38:37-48. [PMID: 33831652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that weight-related teasing is associated with body concerns and disordered eating in male and female adolescents and women. Yet, little is known about these associations for young men with diverse racial and ethnic identities. This study examined the association of weight-related teasing frequency and distress with body concerns, loss of control (LOC) eating, dietary restraint, and history of psychiatric and medical diagnoses in racially and ethnically diverse young men. Racial and ethnic identity was examined as a potential moderator. Participants (N = 1,069; 18-30 years; Mage = 24.1 ± 3.6 years) completed an online survey and reported on general demographics; weight-related teasing; body concerns; LOC eating frequency in the last 28 days; dietary restraint; and history of psychiatric and medical diagnoses. All models adjusted for BMI, income, education, and history of psychiatric diagnoses (when not the dependent variable). Both weight-related teasing frequency and distress were significantly and positively linked with all dependent variables, and these associations did not significantly vary by racial and ethnic identity. These findings suggest that, much like in prior research with adolescents and women, experiences with weight-related teasing are associated with body concerns, disordered eating, and poorer health in racially and ethnically diverse young men, regardless of body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Williamson
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, 1215 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 1600 Millrace Dr, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
| | - Maggie L Osa
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, 1215 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 1600 Millrace Dr, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
| | - Elizabeth Budd
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, 1215 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 1600 Millrace Dr, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
| | - Nichole R Kelly
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, 1215 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 1600 Millrace Dr, Eugene, OR 97403, United States.
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24
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Richson BN, Johnson SN, Swanson TJ, Christensen KA, Forbush KT, Wildes JE. Predicting probable eating disorder case-status in men using the Clinical Impairment Assessment: Evidence for a gender-specific threshold. Eat Behav 2021; 42:101541. [PMID: 34332312 PMCID: PMC10044494 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA) is a widely used self-report measure of the psychosocial impairment associated with eating-disorder symptoms. Past studies recommended a global CIA score of 16 to identify clinically significant impairment associated with a probable eating disorder (ED). However, to date, research on the properties of the CIA has been conducted in majority-women samples. Preliminary research on gender differences in CIA scores suggested men with EDs report less impairment on the CIA relative to women with EDs. Thus, the purpose of this study was to test if a different impairment threshold is needed to identify cases of men with EDs. We hypothesized that a lower CIA threshold, relative to that identified in majority-women samples, would most accurately identify men with EDs. Participants (N = 162) were men from our university-based and general community-based ED participant registry who completed the CIA and Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale. Both precision-recall and receiver operating characteristic curves assessed what CIA global score threshold most accurately identified men with EDs. Both analytic approaches indicated that a CIA global score of 13 best predicted ED case-status in men. Consistent with past research, men with a clinically significant ED appear to report lower impairment on the CIA. Results have implications for screening and assessing for substantial ED-related impairment in men. Additionally, past research using the CIA to identify men with EDs may have under-identified men with clinically significant symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah N Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | | | - Kelsie T Forbush
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
| | - Jennifer E Wildes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Associations between weight/shape overvaluation, sociodemographic features and BMI: 10-year time trends. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:2001-2009. [PMID: 33098060 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prevalence of overvaluation across sociodemographic features and weight status over time. METHODS The data included sequential cross-sectional surveys with representative samples of the adolescent and adult (15 years or older) population in South Australia. Five surveys that assessed overvaluation were conducted in the years 2005 (n = 3047), 2008 (n = 3034), 2009 (n = 3007), 2015 (n = 3005) and 2016 (n = 3047). Overvaluation was assessed by structured interview based on the Eating Disorder Examination. To examine unique effects of demographic variables on the likelihood to report overvaluation, and also to examine whether this varied as a function of time, a multivariate binary logistic regression was computed. RESULTS Across survey years, participants who were more likely to endorse overvaluation were female (2005: OR 2.85, CI 2.04-3.99; 2008/9: OR 1.74, CI 1.50-2.01; 2015/6: OR 1.54, CI 1.34-1.76), had a BMI > 30 (2005: OR 3.93, CI 1.49-10.34; 2008/9: OR 2.22, CI 1.31-3.78; 2015/6: OR 2.09, CI 1.19-3.67), had left school (2015/6: OR 1.36, CI 1.14-1.63), and lived in the country (2015/6: OR 1.95, CI 1.69-2.24). Being in the oldest age group was protective against endorsing overvaluation in each survey year. There was also a main effect of survey year, with participants in the 2015/6 survey more likely to endorse overvaluation (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Female, young and obese people were more likely to endorse overvaluation; however, the prevalence of overvaluation increased significantly in all sociodemographic and BMI groups in since 2005-2016. EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE Level IV, evidence obtained from multiple time series with or without the intervention, such as case studies.
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Aouad P, Hay P, Foroughi N, Cosh SM, Mannan H. Associations Between Defence-Style, Eating Disorder Symptoms, and Quality of Life in Community Sample of Women: A Longitudinal Exploratory Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:671652. [PMID: 34276493 PMCID: PMC8281956 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.671652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Eating Disorders (EDs) impact an estimated 15% of the global population and are linked to maladaptive defence-styles (coping strategies) and poorer mental health outcomes. Defence-styles have been grouped into immature, neurotic, and mature behaviours. Studies have yet to examine all three defence-styles in ED symptomatic individuals over an extended period of time. The current study aimed to investigate using converse analysis the relationships between defence-style and ED outcomes over a 5-years period. Methods: Participants (n = 216, mean age 33 years) were recruited through the Women's Eating and Health Literacy study, with the current study examining a 5-years period of two waves (year-4 and year-9). The current study tested associations over time between eating pathology (EDE-Q), psychological distress (K10), mental and physical health related quality of life (M/PHRQoL, SF-12), and defence-style (DSQ-40). Results: Mature, immature and neurotic defence-styles did not significantly change over 5 years. Over the same period, only PHRQoL significantly predicted mature defence-styles having positive effect. Both MHRQoL and PHRQoL significantly predicted immature defence-styles having positive and negative effects, respectively. Psychological distress, PHRQoL and weight concern significantly predicted neurotic defence-styles having positive effects except for psychological distress. PHRQoL, MHRQoL, restraint and eating concern significantly predicted overall eating pathology having positive effects except for PHRQoL and MHRQoL. Conversely, among the defence-style variables, over 5 years, both immature and neurotic defence-styles significantly predicted psychological distress having positive effects, immature and mature defence-styles significantly predicted MHRQoL having negative and positive effects, respectively, while only immature defence-styles significantly predicted overall eating pathology having positive effect. Conclusions: The results of the current study suggest that immaturity and neuroticism but not maturity were the defence-style variables predicting psychological distress over a 5-years period while conversely psychological distress predicted only neurotic defence styles. The findings of the current study may suggest that without intervention, mature, immature and neurotic defence-styles may largely remain immutable to significant shifts over time. Limitations in the current study included limited demographic representation. The current study is anticipated to generate considerations into treatments that could strengthen defence-styles in individuals with increased eating pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Aouad
- InsideOut Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nasim Foroughi
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Suzanne M. Cosh
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Haider Mannan
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Emery RL, Yoon C, Mason SM, Neumark-Sztainer D. Childhood maltreatment and disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in adult men and women:Findings from project EAT. Appetite 2021; 163:105224. [PMID: 33766616 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examined gender differences in the association between childhood maltreatment and disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in adulthood. Data were derived from 1647 adults (ages 27-33) participating in a population-based, longitudinal study (Project EAT-IV: Eating Among Teens and Young Adults, 1998-2016). Childhood maltreatment (sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect) and disordered eating attitudes and behaviors (overeating, binge eating, extreme weight control behaviors, unhealthy weight control behaviors, chronic dieting, weight and shape concerns) were assessed. Relative risk regression models were used to examine whether childhood maltreatment was related to individual disordered eating attitudes and behaviors. Gender differences in these associations were explored. A history of any childhood maltreatment was associated with more than 60% greater risk for chronic dieting and overeating, with additional associations found for binge eating, weight and shape concerns, and unhealthy weight control behaviors. All types of abuse and neglect were associated with at least one type of disordered eating outcome. Examination of the point estimates indicated that emotional neglect was most consistently related to higher risk for disordered eating attitudes and behaviors. Although there were no statistically significant gender differences in the association between childhood maltreatment and disordered eating attitudes and behaviors, the patterning of these effects highlighted unique qualitative similarities and differences in these relationships between men and women. Taken together, these findings implicate childhood maltreatment, particularly emotional neglect, as a meaningful risk factor for problematic eating outcomes in both men and women during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Emery
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
| | - Cynthia Yoon
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Susan M Mason
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
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Thapliyal P, Conti J, Bandara RSL, Hay P. “It exists”: An exploratory study of treatment experiences in men with eating disorders. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Thapliyal
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - Janet Conti
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - Ranidu S. L. Bandara
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
- Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals (SWSLHD), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
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Franceschini A, Fattore L. Gender-specific approach in psychiatric diseases: Because sex matters. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 896:173895. [PMID: 33508283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In both animals and human beings, males and females differ in their genetic background and hormonally driven behaviour and show sex-related differences in brain activity and response to internal and external stimuli. Gender-specific medicine has been a neglected dimension of medicine for long time, and only in the last three decades it is receiving the due scientific and clinical attention. Research has recently begun to identify factors that could provide a neurobiological basis for gender-based differences in health and disease and to point to gonadal hormones as important determinants of male-female differences. Animal studies have been of great help in understanding factors contributing to sex-dependent differences and sex hormones action. Here we review and discuss evidence provided by clinical and animal studies in the last two decades showing gender (in humans) and sex (in animals) differences in selected psychiatric disorders, namely eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder), schizophrenia, mood disorders (anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder) and neurodevelopmental disorders (autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Franceschini
- Addictive Behaviors Department, Local Health Authority, Trento, Italy
| | - Liana Fattore
- Institute of Neuroscience-Cagliari, National Research Council, Italy.
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Grunewald W, Convertino AD, Safren SA, Mimiaga MJ, O'Cleirigh C, Mayer KH, Blashill AJ. Appearance discrimination and binge eating among sexual minority men. Appetite 2021; 156:104819. [PMID: 32853713 PMCID: PMC7669646 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sexual minority men (SMM) face substantial disparities in rates of binge eating compared to heterosexual individuals, underscoring the need to study risk factors for the development of binge eating amongst SMM. One potential explanation for this disparity in binge eating is minority stress theory, which posits that minority groups face stressors, such as discrimination, due to their stigmatized position in society. Additionally, specific domains of discrimination may confer different levels of risk for binge eating. Therefore, the current study examined the association of various forms of discrimination, including appearance-based discrimination, and binge eating in a sample of SMM. A sample of 200 SMM (analytic sample of N = 187) from the greater Boston area completed self-report questionnaires assessing frequency of different forms of perceived discrimination (appearance, sexual orientation, race, etc.) and binge eating. A hierarchical binary logistic regression model was used to examine the association of different forms of discrimination with binge eating. 9% of the sample reported binge eating. Appearance-based discrimination was the most common form of discrimination (47%), and was significantly associated with binge eating, over and above all other forms of discrimination and sociodemographic variables, OR = 1.71, 95% CI = [1.24, 2.35], Wald χ2 (1) = 10.65, p = .001. Findings suggest that appearance-based discrimination may be related to binge eating in SMM. Clinicians may consider assessing appearance-based discrimination among SMM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra D Convertino
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, United States.
| | - Steven A Safren
- University of Miami, United States; Fenway Health, The Fenway Institute, United States.
| | - Matthew J Mimiaga
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public health, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
| | - Conall O'Cleirigh
- Fenway Health, The Fenway Institute, United States; Harvard Medical School, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, United States.
| | - Kenneth H Mayer
- Fenway Health, The Fenway Institute, United States; Harvard Medical School, United States.
| | - Aaron J Blashill
- San Diego State University, United States; San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, United States.
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Guidinger C, Zhou S, Rothhouse K, Kelly NR. Adherence to cultural values and the internalization of sociocultural appearance ideals are associated with exercise dependence symptoms in Asian/Asian American men. Eat Behav 2021; 40:101450. [PMID: 33246300 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study examined sociocultural correlates of exercise dependence symptoms (EDSX) in young Asian/Asian American men. We hypothesized that greater adherence to Asian cultural values would be positively associated with EDSX and that the internalization of muscularity and thinness appearance ideals would exacerbate this link. Participants included 266 Asian/Asian American men (18-30y, Mage = 24.4 ± 3.6y; MBMI = 24.2 ± 5 kg/m2) enrolled in a larger study examining disordered eating and body image concerns in ethnically/racially diverse young men. Participants completed an online survey that assessed demographics, adherence to Asian values, internalization of muscularity and thinness appearance ideals, and EDSX. After adjusting for BMI, income, education, and presence of a psychiatric diagnosis, a linear regression model indicated that adherence to Asian values was significantly and positively associated with EDSX (B = 12.13, p = .036). Neither internalization of muscularity (p = .812) nor thinness (p = .967) appearance ideals moderated this association. However, independently, both internalization of muscularity (B = 10.93, p < .001) and thinness appearance ideals (B = 7.92, p < .001) were positively associated with EDSX. The current study highlights the importance of considering cultural factors, such as adherence to traditional norms, in our investigations of EDSX in young Asian/Asian American men and the need to develop tailored interventions for young men's disordered eating symptoms. Our data also support the link between sociocultural ideals of attractiveness and young men's excessive exercise behaviors, contributing to a robust body of literature highlighting the problems with a cultural emphasis on specific body sizes and shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Guidinger
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, United States of America; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, United States of America
| | - Shijing Zhou
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, United States of America; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kylie Rothhouse
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, United States of America; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nichole R Kelly
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, United States of America; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, United States of America.
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Escrivá-Martínez T, Herrero R, Molinari G, Rodríguez-Arias M, Verdejo-García A, Baños RM. Binge Eating and Binge Drinking: A Two-Way Road? An Integrative Review. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2402-2415. [PMID: 32175840 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200316153317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Unhealthy diet and alcohol are serious health problems, especially in adolescents and young adults. "Binge" is defined as the excessive and uncontrolled consumption of food (binge eating) and alcohol (binge drinking). Both behaviors are frequent among young people and have a highly negative impact on health and quality of life. Several studies have explored the causes and risk factors of both behaviors, and the evidence concludes that there is a relationship between the two behaviors. In addition, some research postulates that binge eating is a precipitating factor in the onset and escalation of excessive alcohol consumption, while other studies suggest that alcohol consumption leads to excessive and uncontrollable food consumption. Given that no review has yet been published regarding the directionality between the two behaviors, we have set out to provide an upto- date overview of binge eating and binge drinking problems, analyzing their commonalities and differences, and their uni- and bidirectional associations. In addition, we explore the reasons why young people tend to engage in both behaviors and consider directions for future research and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Escrivá-Martínez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Polibienestar Research Institute, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero
- Polibienestar Research Institute, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER-Obn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Molinari
- CIBER-Obn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos, and Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,School of Psychological Sciences & Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rosa M Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Polibienestar Research Institute, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER-Obn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Kelly NR, Kosty D, Guerricabeitia L, Guidinger C, Williamson G. Evaluating components of existing theories for loss of control eating in a sample of young racially/ethnically diverse men. Body Image 2020; 35:63-70. [PMID: 32877842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The current study evaluated components of existing theoretical models for loss of control (LOC) eating in young men. The link between body image concerns, including concerns with fat and muscularity, and LOC eating frequency was evaluated in 1109 ethnically/racially diverse men (18-30y). Dietary restraint, compulsive exercise, and emotion dysregulation were evaluated as putative mediators. Body mass index (BMI) and race/ethnicity were examined as moderators. Participants completed online surveys. Path analyses in Mplus tested indirect paths using the bias-corrected bootstrap method. Higher body fat concerns were directly linked to LOC eating frequency and indirectly linked through greater dietary restraint, compulsive exercise, and emotional dysregulation (ps<.01). The link among fat concerns, restraint, and LOC eating frequency was moderated by body mass, such that this association was particularly strong for men with a low-to-average BMI relative to those with a high BMI (p < .001). Higher muscularity concerns were not directly linked to LOC eating frequency but were indirectly linked through greater emotion dysregulation (p < .001). Body image concerns are associated with LOC eating in young men. The pathways to LOC eating may differ depending on the nature of men's body image concerns (muscularity vs. thinness). Prospective data are needed to verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole R Kelly
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, United States; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, United States.
| | - Derek Kosty
- The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, United States
| | | | - Claire Guidinger
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, United States; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, United States
| | - Gina Williamson
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, United States; The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, United States
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Binge Eating Disorder: What Is the Role of Physical Activity Associated with Dietary and Psychological Treatment? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123622. [PMID: 33255753 PMCID: PMC7761234 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Binge eating patients present lower physical activity levels, which could be associated with lower exercise capacity. Specific physical activity can ensure broad beneficial results relating to eating disorders, depression, and body mass index (BMI) in bulimia; however, research on binge eating disorder (BED) is scarce. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of specific training as an addition to conventional treatment of eating disorder symptoms, anthropometric characteristics, and physical performance. Nineteen women with BED were included in a dietary and cognitive-behavioral therapy program. After medical examination, 10 women carried out Combined Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise Training in addition to conventional treatment (CAAET group), whereas the remaining 9 followed the conventional treatment alone (CTRL group). All of the measurements were assessed before and after six months of treatment. In both groups, we observed a significant decrease in binge episodes, weight, and body mass index, and an increase in exercise capacity. Moreover, the CAAET group presented a greater improvement in aerobic performance than that observed in the CTRL group. Our results suggest that both interventions similarly improved BED symptoms. The addition of physical activity could be important in the long-term maintenance of both weight loss and reduction in binge episodes in BED patients.
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Lo Coco G, Salerno L, Ingoglia S, Tasca GA. Self-esteem and binge eating: Do patients with binge eating disorder endorse more negatively worded items of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale? J Clin Psychol 2020; 77:818-836. [PMID: 33037628 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-esteem is a core aspect of eating disorder symptomatology. This study aims to examine whether method effects associated with negatively worded items of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) may interact the negative self-evaluations experienced by patients with obesity and binge eating disorder (BED). We also examined whether negatively worded items were associated with psychological distress and eating symptoms. METHOD Five hundred thirty three female outpatients (mean age: 42.59) with BED (n = 160) or obesity without BED (n = 373) completed the RSES and measures of interpersonal problems, psychological distress, and eating symptoms. RESULTS Patients with BED responded more strongly to the negatively worded items of the RSES than those with obesity. The RSES negatively worded item factor was negatively associated with higher interpersonal problems, psychological distress, and binge eating. CONCLUSIONS Patients with BED may be more responsive to negatively phrased items on the RSES consistent with their negative self-evaluations and self-perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Lo Coco
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Salerno
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonia Ingoglia
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Cultural values and ethnic identity are important considerations in the link between emotion dysregulation and loss of control eating in Asian/Asian American men. Appetite 2020; 151:104693. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Weissman RS, Bauer S, Thomas JJ. Access to evidence-based care for eating disorders during the COVID-19 crisis. Int J Eat Disord 2020; 53:369-376. [PMID: 32338400 PMCID: PMC7267278 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced an abrupt change in the delivery of clinical services, including for individuals with an eating disorder. We present this Virtual Issue as a resource for the eating disorder community to showcase research published in the International Journal of Eating Disorders that provides information on effective strategies to help address the challenges arising from COVID-19-related disruptions. Articles included describe original research or systematic reviews on obstacles to health services use and strategies to improve access to care; technological tools to provide or enhance interventions; patients' and clinicians' attitudes or perspectives on using digital tools for clinical care; factors influencing therapeutic alliance; and ideas for improving reach and uptake of digital interventions. We hope that readers will find ways to observe and record their own experiences during this global crisis; the experiences of people at risk for developing or exhibiting an eating disorder; and the experiences of those who care for people with an eating disorder. These lived experiences will be invaluable in formulating hypotheses for future studies in service of advancing the understanding of eating disorders and improving interventions and policies for reducing the burden of suffering attributable to eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth S. Weissman
- Department of PsychologyWesleyan UniversityMiddletownConnecticutUSA
| | - Stephanie Bauer
- Center for Psychotherapy ResearchUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Jennifer J. Thomas
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research ProgramMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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38
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Kelly NR, Cotter EW, Guidinger C, Williamson G. Perceived discrimination, emotion dysregulation and loss of control eating in young men. Eat Behav 2020; 37:101387. [PMID: 32353703 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Experiences with discrimination may account, in part, for race-related disparities in obesity. Yet, there is minimal understanding of the link between perceived discrimination and health behaviors that contribute to obesity. This study examined the link between perceived discrimination and loss of control (LOC) eating in 798 African American, Asian/Asian American, and Hispanic/Latino men (18-30y; M = 24.0 ± 3.6). Emotion dysregulation was examined as a moderator. Participants completed an online survey assessing perceived discrimination; emotion dysregulation; and LOC eating frequency in the last 28 days. Negative binomial regression models were conducted within each racial/ethnic group, as each group completed different measures of perceived discrimination. In Hispanic/Latino men, perceived ethnic discrimination was positively associated with LOC eating frequency (p < .001). In African American men, perceived daily discrimination was positively associated with LOC eating frequency (p < .001). In Asian/Asian American men, neither perceived racial microaggressions nor racism were associated with frequency of LOC eating. Emotion dysregulation did not significantly moderate any of these associations. Findings highlight another detrimental correlate of perceived discrimination among some ethnic minority men - LOC eating. Future research should examine whether other identity- and culture-specific factors serve to exacerbate or mitigate the effects of discrimination on the health and health behaviors of ethnic minority men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole R Kelly
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 6217 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States of America.
| | - Elizabeth W Cotter
- Health Studies, American University; 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016, United States of America.
| | - Claire Guidinger
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 6217 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States of America.
| | - Gina Williamson
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 6217 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States of America.
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Williamson G, Guidinger C, Kelly NR. Low body mass and ethnic identity exploration exacerbate the association between body image concerns and loss of control eating in Hispanic/Latino men. Int J Eat Disord 2020; 53:180-190. [PMID: 31490573 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although Hispanic/Latino populations have some of the highest rates of obesity in the United States, little is known about their loss of control (LOC) eating, a robust predictor of excess weight gain. This study examined the association between body image concerns and LOC eating frequency in a sample of young Hispanic/Latino men. Body mass index (BMI), ethnic identity, and acculturation were examined as potential moderators. METHOD The sample included 271 Hispanic/Latino men between the ages of 18 and 30 years (Mage = 23.89 ± 3.54; MBMI = 26.46 ± 5.82). Participants completed an online survey and reported on height, weight, and demographic characteristics; concerns with muscularity and body fat; LOC eating frequency in the last 28 days; ethnic identity; and perceived acculturation. RESULTS Negative binomial regression models were conducted, adjusting for BMI, income, education, and presence of a psychiatric diagnosis. Concerns with muscularity and body fat were positively associated with LOC eating frequency (ps < .001). Low BMI exacerbated the link between concerns with body fat and LOC eating frequency (p = .03). The positive association between concerns with muscularity and LOC eating frequency was exacerbated among those who reported low ethnic identity exploration (p = .01). While acculturation did not function as a moderator (ps = .14-.27), it was inversely associated with LOC eating frequency (p < .001). DISCUSSION BMI and ethnic identity are important individual factors to consider in the link between body image concerns and LOC eating among young Hispanic/Latino men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Williamson
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.,The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Claire Guidinger
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.,The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Nichole R Kelly
- Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.,The Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
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The association of disordered eating with health-related quality of life in U.S. young adults and effect modification by gender. Qual Life Res 2020; 29:1203-1215. [DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lydecker JA, Gueorguieva R, Masheb R, White MA, Grilo CM. Examining sex as a predictor and moderator of treatment outcomes for binge-eating disorder: Analysis of aggregated randomized controlled trials. Int J Eat Disord 2020; 53:20-30. [PMID: 31497876 PMCID: PMC6983351 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined whether sex predicted and/or moderated treatment outcomes among men and women who participated in binge-eating disorder (BED) randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHOD Data were aggregated from RCTs performed at one medical center. RCTs tested cognitive-behavioral therapy, behavioral weight loss, multimodal treatment, and/or control conditions. Participants were 660 adults, both men (n = 170) and women (n = 490), with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-fourth edition (DSM-IV)-defined BED. Doctoral-level research-clinicians assessed participants using structured interviews and established self-report measures of eating-disorder psychopathology and depression, and measured height and weight. Assessments occurred at baseline, throughout treatment, and at post-treatment. RESULTS Sex was not a significant moderator of any treatment outcomes. Mixed models revealed sex had a main effect: men had lower eating-disorder psychopathology and lost more weight than women over the course of treatment. DISCUSSION Both epidemiological and RCT studies report disparities in treatment-seeking between men and women with BED. Despite this, men have comparable or better treatment outcomes compared with women, including significantly greater weight loss. Thus, disseminating evidence-based BED treatments is promising for both men and women. Additional research is necessary, however, to understand treatment effects-including other predictors and moderators of outcomes-across diverse providers, treatment settings, and patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralitza Gueorguieva
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Robin Masheb
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,PRIME HSR&D Center of Innovation (COIN), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | - Marney A. White
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Carlos M. Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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Mushquash AR, McGeown L, Mushquash CJ, McGrath DS. Which came first? Exploring the reciprocal relations between impulsivity and binge eating. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Murray SB, Griffiths S, Lavender JM. Introduction to a special issue on eating disorders and related symptomatology in male populations. Int J Eat Disord 2019; 52:1339-1342. [PMID: 31609019 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is our sincere pleasure to introduce a special issue of the International Journal of Eating Disorders focused on eating disorders and related symptoms in male populations. METHOD Contributions focused on three main themes among male populations: (a) the nature of eating disorder symptoms and recovery; (b) long-term outcomes following eating disorders treatment; and (c) muscularity-oriented symptoms of eating pathology. RESULTS The contributions to this special issue highlight the importance of better understanding how eating disorder symptoms manifest, may be maintained, and respond to treatment among male populations. Findings across the articles demonstrate some similarities between male and female samples with respect to core eating disorder symptoms, as well as important differences, particularly with respect to muscularity-oriented disordered eating. Findings related to treatment outcome also highlight the suboptimal long-term remission rates and elevated mortality among male inpatients with eating disorders. DISCUSSION The diverse range of samples, methodologies, and research questions addressed within this collection of papers demonstrates the breadth of the important scientific work on this topic. As eating disorders and related symptoms in male populations continue to be underrecognized and underserved, we hope that this special issue will encourage further high-quality clinical research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart B Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Scott Griffiths
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason M Lavender
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.,Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Program (MiCOR), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.,Metis Foundation, San Antonio, Texas
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Dias Santana D, Mitchison D, Gonzalez-Chica D, Touyz S, Stocks N, Appolinario JC, da Veiga GV, Hay P. Associations between self-reported diabetes mellitus, disordered eating behaviours, weight/shape overvaluation, and health-related quality of life. J Eat Disord 2019; 7:35. [PMID: 31695914 PMCID: PMC6824036 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-019-0266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorders (ED) and disordered eating behaviours (DEB) have been found to be common in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, findings have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between self-reported diabetes (Type 1 or 2) with ED/DEB (binge eating, subjective binge eating or loss of control overeating, severe dieting and purging) weight/shape overvaluation, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a household survey in South Australia. METHOD In 2017 2977 people aged ≥15 years, who were representative of the general population, were interviewed. Participants reported their gender, age, household income, highest educational attainment, area of residence, presence of DM, ED/DEB, level of overvaluation, current HRQoL and height and weight. For the analyses between ED/DEB, self-reported DM and HRQoL, a grouping variable was created: 1) people without ED/DEB or self-reported DM; 2) people without ED/DEB and with self-reported DM; 3) people with ED/DEB and without self-reported DM; and 4) people with ED/DEB and self-reported DM. Analyses were stratified by sex and age group. RESULTS Subjective binge eating prevalence was higher in people with self-reported DM (6.6% vs 2.8%, p = 0.016), and overvaluation was lower in those with DM (36% vs 43.8%, p = 0.007). In analyses stratified by sex and age group, subjective binge eating was higher in women and in people over 45 years with self-reported DM and overvaluation was lower in men and in people over 45 years with self-reported DM. However, these differences were not significant on tests of gender and age interaction. People in both DM groups scored significantly lower than people without DM groups on physical HRQoL. In contrast, people in both ED/DEB groups scored lower than people without ED/BEB on mental HRQoL. CONCLUSION People with self-reported DM had a higher prevalence of subjective binge eating, a lower prevalence of overvaluation and there were no significant effects of age or gender. Furthermore, participants with self-reported DM and comorbid ED or DEB had impairments of both mental and physical HRQoL. Assessing an individual's sense of control over eating along with other DEB is likely important for identification of these mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Dias Santana
- Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Deborah Mitchison
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - David Gonzalez-Chica
- Discipline of General Practice, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia Australia
- Adelaide Rural Clinical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia Australia
| | - Stephen Touyz
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW Australia
| | - Nigel Stocks
- Adelaide Rural Clinical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia Australia
| | - Jose Carlos Appolinario
- Group of Obesity and Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gloria Valeria da Veiga
- Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, SWSLHD, Campbelltown, NSW Australia
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Coffino JA, Udo T, Grilo CM. Rates of Help-Seeking in US Adults With Lifetime DSM-5 Eating Disorders: Prevalence Across Diagnoses and Differences by Sex and Ethnicity/Race. Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94:1415-1426. [PMID: 31324401 PMCID: PMC6706865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate, in a nationally representative sample of US adults, the prevalence of help-seeking in individuals with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) eating disorders (EDs) and to examine sex and ethnic/racial differences. PATIENTS AND METHODS The 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (N=36,309) included respondents who met the criteria for specific lifetime DSM-5 EDs and answered questions regarding help-seeking for their ED symptoms (anorexia nervosa [AN]: n=275; bulimia nervosa [BN]: n=91; and binge-eating disorder [BED]: n=256). RESULTS The prevalence (standard error) estimates of ever seeking any help for AN, BN, and BED were 34.5% (2.80%), 62.6% (5.36%), and 49.0% (3.74%), respectively. Adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, men and ethnic/racial minorities (non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics) were statistically significantly less likely to ever seek help for BED than were women or non-Hispanic whites, respectively. Hispanics also were significantly less likely to seek help for AN relative to non-Hispanic whites. CONCLUSION This was the first study in a nationally representative sample of US adults to examine rates of help-seeking, including by sex and ethnic/racial differences, across DSM-5-defined EDs. These findings emphasize the need to develop strategies to encourage help-seeking among individuals with EDs, particularly among men and ethnic/racial minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Coffino
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
| | - Tomoko Udo
- Department of Health Policy, Management, and Behavior, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY
| | - Carlos M Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Laghi F, Bianchi D, Pompili S, Lonigro A, Baiocco R. Metacognition, emotional functioning and binge eating in adolescence: the moderation role of need to control thoughts. Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23:861-869. [PMID: 30367384 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0603-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Binge eating is predicted by emotion dysregulation and poor emotional awareness. Dysfunctional metacognition is also implied in several eating disorders, but research has not yet investigated the interactions among emotional and metacognitive processes involved in binge eating. The present study investigated the relation between metacognition and binge eating in a sample of adolescents, testing the interaction effect between the need to control thoughts and the lack of emotional awareness on binge eating. METHODS Participants were 804 adolescents (age range 15-20; 49.7% female), who completed self-report instruments assessing binge eating, emotion regulation, and metacognition. RESULTS Binge eating was predicted by gender, BMI, emotion dysregulation, lack of emotional awareness, and dysfunctional metacognition dimensions (cognitive confidence and need to control thoughts). An important moderating effect was found, whereby the relationship between binge eating and lack of emotional awareness was only significant for individuals with a high need to control thoughts. CONCLUSIONS Results described emotional and metacognitive functioning in binge eating adolescents, suggesting that the need to control thoughts is a risk factor, whereas good metacognitive competencies are protective from binge eating, even in presence of poor emotional awareness. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenzo Laghi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Dora Bianchi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Pompili
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia Lonigro
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In 2013, binge eating disorder (BED) was officially recognized as a distinct eating disorder in the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The purpose of this review is to assess the available epidemiological data to determine whether BED should be considered for inclusion in global disease burden quantification efforts, such as the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD). RECENT FINDINGS A systematic search of three electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO) found 32 studes meeting GBD inclusion criteria. The global pooled prevalence of BED was 0.9% (95% confidence intervals: 0.7-1.0%). Although women (1.4%, 1.1-1.7%) had higher prevalence than men (0.4%, 0.3-0.6%), no significant difference in prevalence was found between high-income countries (0.9%, 0.8-1.1%) and low- and middle-income countries (0.7%, 0.3-1.1%). SUMMARY The current article presents the findings of a recent systematic review of the epidemiology of BED and discusses the case for including BED as a new cause in future iterations of GBD.
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Riesco N, Agüera Z, Granero R, Jiménez-Murcia S, Menchón JM, Fernández-Aranda F. Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders (OSFED): Clinical heterogeneity and cognitive-behavioral therapy outcome. Eur Psychiatry 2018; 54:109-116. [PMID: 30193141 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND with the DSM-5 new eating disorders (EDs) diagnostic subtypes were identified within the Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders (OSFED) category, which have so far been under-researched. Objectives of this study were to examine differential features among OSFED subtypes, exploring short-term cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) response and identifying clinical predictors of therapy outcome. METHODS the sample included 176 female patients diagnosed with OSFED [82 atypical anorexia nervosa (atypical-AN), 57 purging disorder (PD), and 37 subthreshold bulimia nervosa (sub-BN)]. Assessment included eating-related, psychopathological and personality measures. RESULTS results showed similar clinical and personality profiles between the diagnostic subtypes, with hardly any differences, only observable in the core symptoms of each diagnosis. The sub-BN group was the one which showed more social impairment. Regarding treatment outcome, the three groups did not reveal significant differences in remission rates, therapeutic adherence or dropout rates, reaching rates of dropout from 36.8% to 50% (p = .391). However, different ED subtype predictors appear related with full remission or dropout risk, specifically personality traits. CONCLUSIONS our results suggest that OSFED patients may benefit similarly from the same CBT outpatient group approach. However, high dropout rates and low motivation seems to be an important limitation and challenge for future approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Riesco
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zaida Agüera
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Roser Granero
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Cimino S, Cerniglia L, Porreca A, Ballarotto G, Marzilli E, Simonelli A. IMPACT OF PARENTAL BINGE EATING DISORDER: EXPLORING CHILDREN'S EMOTIONAL/BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS AND THE QUALITY OF PARENT-CHILD FEEDING INTERACTIONS. Infant Ment Health J 2018; 39:552-568. [DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Measurement Invariance of the Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 Across Gender and Racial Groups. Assessment 2018; 27:356-364. [DOI: 10.1177/1073191118786576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Food addiction reflects a substance use disorder framework, suggesting certain foods (e.g., high-fat, high-sugar foods) may trigger an addictive-like eating response in vulnerable individuals. This study explored whether the Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0), a newly validated and shortened measure of food addiction, is appropriate for use in heterogeneous samples. Assessment of mYFAS 2.0 invariance is essential, as this measure was developed for use as a brief screener in large epidemiological samples that are likely demographically diverse. Method: Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis examined measurement invariance across racial/ethnic (White, Black, and Hispanic) and gender (male, female) groups. Participants were recruited through Qualtrics qBus, which uses demographic quotas to recruit a sample representative of the U.S. census reference population. Individuals were included in analyses if they identified their race/ethnicity as White, Black, or Hispanic ( N = 923). Results: Results supported full and partial measurement invariance across racial and gender groups, respectively. Discussion: Results increase confidence in the generalizability of findings using the mYFAS 2.0 and indicate that observed differences in prevalence rates, such as the higher rates of food addiction observed for women and Hispanic individuals, are likely due to true differences in the population rather than due to measurement bias.
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