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Jauregui-Lazo J, Brinda JC, Mishler BD. The phylogeny of Syntrichia: An ecologically diverse clade of mosses with an origin in South America. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16103. [PMID: 36576338 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE To address the biodiversity crisis, we need to understand the evolution of all organisms and how they fill geographic and ecological space. Syntrichia is one of the most diverse and dominant genera of mosses, ranging from alpine habitats to desert biocrusts, yet its evolutionary history remains unclear. METHODS We present a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Syntrichia, based on both molecular and morphological data, with most of the named species and closest outgroups represented. In addition, we provide ancestral-state reconstructions of water-related traits and a global biogeographic analysis. RESULTS We found 10 major well-resolved subclades of Syntrichia that possess geographical or morphological coherence, in some cases representing previously accepted genera. We infer that the extant species diversity of Syntrichia likely originated in South America in the early Eocene (56.5-43.8 million years ago [Mya]), subsequently expanded its distribution to the neotropics, and finally dispersed to the northern hemisphere. There, the clade experienced a recent diversification (15-12 Mya) into a broad set of ecological niches (e.g., the S. caninervis and S. ruralis complexes). The transition from terricolous to either saxicolous or epiphytic habitats occurred more than once and was associated with changes in water-related traits. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a framework for understanding the evolutionary history of Syntrichia through the combination of morphological and molecular characters, revealing that migration events that shaped the current distribution of the clade have implications for morphological character evolution in relation to niche diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Jauregui-Lazo
- Department of Integrative Biology, and University and Jepson Herbaria, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California Berkeley, CA, 94720-2465, USA
| | - John C Brinda
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Brent D Mishler
- Department of Integrative Biology, and University and Jepson Herbaria, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California Berkeley, CA, 94720-2465, USA
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2
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Lee GE, Gradstein SR, Pesiu E, Norhazrina N. An updated checklist of liverworts and hornworts of Malaysia. PHYTOKEYS 2022; 199:29-111. [PMID: 36761881 PMCID: PMC9849006 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.199.76693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An updated checklist of the liverworts and hornworts of Malaysia accepts 773 species and 31 infraspecific taxa of liverworts, in 120 genera and 40 families, and 7 species of hornworts (6 genera, 3 families). The largest family is Lejeuneaceae with 312 species in 30 genera, accounting for 40% of the total number of species. The largest genera are Cololejeunea, Bazzania and Frullania with 90, 61 and 55 species, respectively. The greatest number of species has been recorded from Sabah with 568 species, followed by Pahang and Sarawak with 338 and 265 species, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaik Ee Lee
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - S. Robbert Gradstein
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Meise Botanic Garden, 1860 Meise, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth Pesiu
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nik Norhazrina
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Institute de Systematique, Évolution, Biodiversité (UMR 7205), 75005 Paris, France
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3
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Bechteler J, Schäfer-Verwimp A, Glenny D, Cargill DC, Maul K, Schütz N, von Konrat M, Quandt D, Nebel M. The evolution and biogeographic history of epiphytic thalloid liverworts. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 165:107298. [PMID: 34464738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Among liverworts, the epiphytic lifestyle is not only present in leafy forms but also in thalloid liverworts, which so far has received little attention in evolutionary and biogeographical studies. Metzgeria, with about 107 species worldwide, is the only genus of thalloid liverworts that comprises true epiphytes. In the present study, we provide the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny, including estimated divergence times and ancestral ranges of this genus. Analyses are based on a plastid marker dataset representing about half of the Metzgeria species diversity. We show for the first time with molecular data that Austrometzgeria is indeed a member of Metzgeria and that two morpho-species M. furcata and M. leptoneura are not monophyletic, but rather represent geographically well-defined clades. Our analyses indicate that Metzgeria started to diversify in the Cretaceous in an area encompassing today's South America and Australasia. Thus, Metzgeria is one of the few known epiphytic liverwort genera whose biogeographic history was directly shaped by Gondwana vicariance. Subsequent dispersal events in the Cenozoic resulted in the colonization of Asia, Africa, North America, and Europe and led to today's worldwide distribution of its species. We also provide the first reliable stem age estimate for Metzgeria due to the inclusion of its sister taxon Vandiemenia in our dating analyses. Additionally, this stem age estimate of about 240 million years most likely marks the starting point of a transition from a terrestrial to an epiphytic lifestyle in thalloid liverworts of the Metzgeriales. We assume that the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution played a key role in the evolution of epiphytic thalloid liverworts similar to that known for leafy liverworts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bechteler
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, Bonn D-53115, Germany.
| | | | - David Glenny
- Allan Herbarium, Manaaki Whenua, PO Box 69-040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand
| | - D Christine Cargill
- Australian National Herbarium, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, (a joint venture between Parks Australia and CSIRO), GPO Box 1700, Canberra, 2601 ACT, Australia
| | - Karola Maul
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, Bonn D-53115, Germany
| | - Nicole Schütz
- Department of Botany, Natural History Museum Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Matt von Konrat
- Gantz Family Collections Center, Science & Education, Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, U.S.A
| | - Dietmar Quandt
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, Bonn D-53115, Germany
| | - Martin Nebel
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, Bonn D-53115, Germany
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4
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Nadhifah A, Söderström L, Hagborg A, Iskandar EAP, Haerida I, von Konrat M. An archipelago within an archipelago: A checklist of liverworts and hornworts of Kepulauan Sunda Kecil (Lesser Sunda Islands), Indonesia and Timor-Leste (East Timor). PHYTOKEYS 2021; 180:1-30. [PMID: 34393574 PMCID: PMC8354991 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.180.65836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The first ever liverwort and hornwort checklist is provided for the Kepulauan Sunda Kecil (Lesser Sunda Islands) of Indonesia and Timor-Leste (East Timor). We report 129 accepted taxa, 12 doubtful taxa and three rejected taxa previously reported for the Lesser Sunda Islands. The list is based on over 130 literature references, including monographs, regional studies, and molecular investigations. It is clear that bryophytes from this region have been overlooked historically, and under collected, compared to seed plants, birds, and other organisms, forming a remarkable gap in the flora of Indonesia. Publications dealing with liverworts of Lesser Sunda Islands are few and scattered. We predict that further fieldwork, in addition to collections unveiled from regional herbaria, will uncover a number of new records that remain to be reported, especially considering that regionally widespread species have been recorded elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainun Nadhifah
- Cibodas Botanic Garden, Research Center for Plant Conservation and Botanic Gardens, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), West Java, IndonesiaResearch Center for Plant Conservation and Botanic Gardens, Indonesian Institute of SciencesCianjurIndonesia
| | - Lars Söderström
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NorwayNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Anders Hagborg
- The Field Museum, Chicago, USAThe Field MuseumChicagoUnited States of America
| | - Eka Aditya Putri Iskandar
- Cibodas Botanic Garden, Research Center for Plant Conservation and Botanic Gardens, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), West Java, IndonesiaResearch Center for Plant Conservation and Botanic Gardens, Indonesian Institute of SciencesCianjurIndonesia
| | - Ida Haerida
- Herbarium Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), West Java, IndonesiaResearch Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of SciencesBogorIndonesia
| | - Matt von Konrat
- The Field Museum, Chicago, USAThe Field MuseumChicagoUnited States of America
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5
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Wang B, Shi G, Xu C, Spicer RA, Perrichot V, Schmidt AR, Feldberg K, Heinrichs J, Chény C, Pang H, Liu X, Gao T, Wang Z, Ślipiński A, Solórzano-Kraemer MM, Heads SW, Thomas MJ, Sadowski EM, Szwedo J, Azar D, Nel A, Liu Y, Chen J, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Luo C, Yu T, Zheng D, Zhang H, Engel MS. The mid-Miocene Zhangpu biota reveals an outstandingly rich rainforest biome in East Asia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/18/eabg0625. [PMID: 33931457 PMCID: PMC8087408 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
During the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum [MMCO, ~14 to 17 million years (Ma) ago], global temperatures were similar to predicted temperatures for the coming century. Limited megathermal paleoclimatic and fossil data are known from this period, despite its potential as an analog for future climate conditions. Here, we report a rich middle Miocene rainforest biome, the Zhangpu biota (~14.7 Ma ago), based on material preserved in amber and associated sedimentary rocks from southeastern China. The record shows that the mid-Miocene rainforest reached at least 24.2°N and was more widespread than previously estimated. Our results not only highlight the role of tropical rainforests acting as evolutionary museums for biodiversity at the generic level but also suggest that the MMCO probably strongly shaped the East Asian biota via the northern expansion of the megathermal rainforest biome. The Zhangpu biota provides an ideal snapshot for biodiversity redistribution during global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Gongle Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Chunpeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Robert A Spicer
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- School of Environment, Earth, and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Vincent Perrichot
- Géosciences Rennes, Université de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes, France
| | | | - Kathrin Feldberg
- Department of Geobiology, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen Heinrichs
- Systematic Botany and Mycology, Department of Biology I and Geobio-Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80638 Munich, Germany
| | - Cédric Chény
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Géosciences Rennes, Université de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Hong Pang
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xingyue Liu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Taiping Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zixi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Adam Ślipiński
- Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Mónica M Solórzano-Kraemer
- Department of Palaeontology and Historical Geology, Senckenberg Research Institute, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sam W Heads
- Center for Paleontology, Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - M Jared Thomas
- Center for Paleontology, Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Eva-Maria Sadowski
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacek Szwedo
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology and Museum of Amber Inclusions, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, University of Gdańsk, 80308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dany Azar
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, P.O. Box 26110217, Fanar-Matn, Lebanon
| | - André Nel
- Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université des Antilles, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ye Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Cihang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daran Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, China
| | - Haichun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Michael S Engel
- Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, 1501 Crestline Drive, Suite 140, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA
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6
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Lee GE, Condamine FL, Bechteler J, Pérez-Escobar OA, Scheben A, Schäfer-Verwimp A, Pócs T, Heinrichs J. An ancient tropical origin, dispersals via land bridges and Miocene diversification explain the subcosmopolitan disjunctions of the liverwort genus Lejeunea. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14123. [PMID: 32839508 PMCID: PMC7445168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biogeographical and diversification processes explaining current diversity patterns of subcosmopolitan-distributed groups is challenging. We aimed at disentangling the historical biogeography of the subcosmopolitan liverwort genus Lejeunea with estimation of ancestral areas of origin and testing if sexual system and palaeotemperature variations can be factors of diversification. We assembled a dense taxon sampling for 120 species sampled throughout the geographical distribution of the genus. Lejeunea diverged from its sister group after the Paleocene-Eocene boundary (52.2 Ma, 95% credibility intervals 50.1-54.2 Ma), and the initial diversification of the crown group occurred in the early to middle Eocene (44.5 Ma, 95% credibility intervals 38.5-50.8 Ma). The DEC model indicated that (1) Lejeunea likely originated in an area composed of the Neotropics and the Nearctic, (2) dispersals through terrestrial land bridges in the late Oligocene and Miocene allowed Lejeunea to colonize the Old World, (3) the Boreotropical forest covering the northern regions until the late Eocene did not facilitate Lejeunea dispersals, and (4) a single long-distance dispersal event was inferred between the Neotropics and Africa. Biogeographical and diversification analyses show the Miocene was an important period when Lejeunea diversified globally. We found slight support for higher diversification rates of species with both male and female reproductive organs on the same individual (monoicy), and a moderate positive influence of palaeotemperatures on diversification. Our study shows that an ancient origin associated with a dispersal history facilitated by terrestrial land bridges and not long-distance dispersals are likely to explain the subcosmopolitan distribution of Lejeunea. By enhancing the diversification rates, monoicy likely favoured the colonisations of new areas, especially in the Miocene that was a key epoch shaping the worldwide distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaik Ee Lee
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Fabien L Condamine
- CNRS, UMR 5554 Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France.
| | - Julia Bechteler
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Armin Scheben
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | | | - Tamás Pócs
- Botany Department, Institute of Biology, Eszterházy University, Pf. 43, Eger, 3301, Hungary
| | - Jochen Heinrichs
- Department of Biology I, Systematic Botany and Mycology, Geobio-Center, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Str. 67, 80638, Munich, Germany
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7
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Rodrigues ASB, Martins A, Garcia CA, Sérgio C, Porley R, Fontinha S, González-Mancebo J, Gabriel R, Phephu N, Van Rooy J, Dirkse G, Long D, Stech M, Patiño J, Sim-Sim M. Climate-driven vicariance and long-distance dispersal explain the Rand Flora pattern in the liverwort Exormotheca pustulosa (Marchantiophyta). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The ‘Rand flora’ is a biogeographical disjunction which refers to plant lineages occurring at the margins of the African continent and neighbouring oceanic archipelagos. Here, we tested whether the phylogeographical pattern of Exormotheca pustulosa Mitt. was the result of vicariance induced by past climatic changes or the outcome of a series of recent long-distance dispersal events. Two chloroplast markers (rps4-trnF region and psbA-trnH spacer) and one nuclear marker (ITS2) were analysed. Phylogenetic and phylogeographical relationships were inferred as well as divergence time estimates and ancestral areas. Exormotheca possibly originated in Eastern Africa during the Late Oligocene/Early Miocene while Exormotheca putulosa diversified during the Late Miocene. Three main E. pustulosa groups were found: the northern Macaronesia/Western Mediterranean, the South Africa/Saint Helena and the Cape Verde groups. The major splits among these groups occurred during the Late Miocene/Pliocene; diversification was recent, dating back to the Pleistocene. Climate-driven vicariance and subsequent long-distance dispersal events may have shaped the current disjunct distribution of E. pustulosa that corresponds to the Rand Flora pattern. Colonization of Macaronesia seems to have occurred twice by two independent lineages. The evolutionary history of E. pustulosa populations of Cape Verde warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Bartolomeu Rodrigues
- cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Natural History and Systematics (NHS) Research Group/MUHNAC – Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua da Escola Politécnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anabela Martins
- cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Natural History and Systematics (NHS) Research Group/MUHNAC – Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua da Escola Politécnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - César Augusto Garcia
- cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Natural History and Systematics (NHS) Research Group/MUHNAC – Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua da Escola Politécnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cecília Sérgio
- cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Natural History and Systematics (NHS) Research Group/MUHNAC – Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua da Escola Politécnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ron Porley
- Cerca dos Pomares, CxP 409M, Aljezur, Portugal
| | - Susana Fontinha
- cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
- Banco de Germoplasma ISOPlexis, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | | | - Rosalina Gabriel
- cE3c/ABG – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and University of Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Nonkululo Phephu
- Department of Nature Conservation, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, PO WITS, South Africa
| | - Jacques Van Rooy
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, PO WITS, South Africa
- National Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Gerard Dirkse
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michael Stech
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jairo Patiño
- Plant Conservation and Biogeography Group, Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Apartado 456, CP 38200, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales & Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Manuela Sim-Sim
- cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Natural History and Systematics (NHS) Research Group/MUHNAC – Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua da Escola Politécnica, Lisboa, Portugal
- cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
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8
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Vigalondo B, Garilleti R, Vanderpoorten A, Patiño J, Draper I, Calleja JA, Mazimpaka V, Lara F. Do mosses really exhibit so large distribution ranges? Insights from the integrative taxonomic study of the Lewinskya affinis complex (Orthotrichaceae, Bryopsida). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 140:106598. [PMID: 31430552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The strikingly lower number of bryophyte species, and in particular of endemic species, and their larger distribution ranges in comparison with angiosperms, have traditionally been interpreted in terms of their low diversification rates associated with a high long-distance dispersal capacity. This hypothesis is tested here with Lewinskya affinis (≡ Orthotrichum affine), a moss species widely spread across Europe, North and East Africa, southwestern Asia, and western North America. We tested competing taxonomic hypotheses derived from separate and combined analyses of multilocus sequence data, morphological characters, and geographical distributions. The best hypothesis, selected by a Bayes factor molecular delimitation analysis, established that L. affinis is a complex of no less than seven distinct species, including L. affinis s.str., L. fastigiata and L. leptocarpa, which were previously reduced into synonymy with L. affinis, and four new species. Discriminant analyses indicated that each of the seven species within L. affinis s.l. can be morphologically identified with a minimal error rate. None of these species exhibit a trans-oceanic range, suggesting that the broad distributions typically exhibited by moss species largely result from a taxonomic artefact. The presence of three sibling western North American species on the one hand, and four Old World sibling species on the other, suggests that there is a tendency for within-continent diversification rather than recurrent dispersal following speciation. The faster rate of diversification as compared to intercontinental migration reported here is in sharp contrast with earlier views of bryophyte species with wide ranges and low speciation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vigalondo
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - R Garilleti
- Departamento de Botánica y Geología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, 46100, Spain
| | - A Vanderpoorten
- Institute of Botany, University of Liège, B22 Sart Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - J Patiño
- Plant Conservation and Biogeography, Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38071, Spain; Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales & Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - I Draper
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | | | - V Mazimpaka
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - F Lara
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
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9
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Cerqueira GR, Ilkiu-Borges AL, Ferreira LV. Species richness and composition of epiphytic bryophytes in flooded forests of Caxiuanã National Forest, Eastern Amazon, Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2017; 89:2371-2382. [PMID: 29044316 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the richness and composition of the epiphytic bryoflora between várzea and igapó forests in Caxiuanã National Forest, Brazilian Amazon. Bryophytes were collected on 502 phorophytes of Virola surinamensis. Average richness per phorophyte and composition between forests and between dry and rainy periods was tested by two-way analysis and by cluster analysis, respectively. In total, 54 species of 13 families were identified. Richness was greater in igapó forest (44 species) compared to várzea forest (38 species). There was no significant difference in the number of species between the studied periods. Cluster analysis showed the bryoflora composition was different between várzea and igapó, but not between dry and rainy periods. Results did not corroborate the hypothesis that várzea forests harbor higher species richness than igapó forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela R Cerqueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Botânica Tropical, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, 66077-530 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Anna Luiza Ilkiu-Borges
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Botânica Tropical, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, 66077-530 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Leandro V Ferreira
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, 66077-530 Belém, PA, Brazil
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10
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Pérez-Escobar OA, Chomicki G, Condamine FL, de Vos JM, Martins AC, Smidt EC, Klitgård B, Gerlach G, Heinrichs J. Multiple Geographical Origins of Environmental Sex Determination enhanced the diversification of Darwin's Favourite Orchids. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12878. [PMID: 29018291 PMCID: PMC5635016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental sex determination (ESD) - a change in sexual function during an individual life span driven by environmental cues - is an exceedingly rare sexual system among angiosperms. Because ESD can directly affect reproduction success, it could influence diversification rate as compared with lineages that have alternative reproductive systems. Here we test this hypothesis using a solid phylogenetic framework of Neotropical Catasetinae, the angiosperm lineage richest in taxa with ESD. We assess whether gains of ESD are associated with higher diversification rates compared to lineages with alternative systems while considering additional traits known to positively affect diversification rates in orchids. We found that ESD has evolved asynchronously three times during the last ~5 Myr. Lineages with ESD have consistently higher diversification rates than related lineages with other sexual systems. Habitat fragmentation due to mega-wetlands extinction, and climate instability are suggested as the driving forces for ESD evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Chomicki
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Park Road, OX1 3RB, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fabien L Condamine
- CNRS, UMR 5554 Institut de Sciences de l'Evolution (Université de Montpellier), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Jurriaan M de Vos
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AB, United Kingdom.
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Totengässlein 3, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Aline C Martins
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Paraná, PB 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Eric C Smidt
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Paraná, PB 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Bente Klitgård
- Department of Identification and Naming, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Günter Gerlach
- Botanischer Garten München, Menzinger Straße 67, D-80638, München, Germany
| | - Jochen Heinrichs
- Department für Biologie I, Systematische Botanik und Mykologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Menzinger Straße 67, D-80638, München, Germany
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11
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Bechteler J, Schäfer-Verwimp A, Lee GE, Feldberg K, Pérez-Escobar OA, Pócs T, Peralta DF, Renner MAM, Heinrichs J. Geographical structure, narrow species ranges, and Cenozoic diversification in a pantropical clade of epiphyllous leafy liverworts. Ecol Evol 2016; 7:638-653. [PMID: 28116059 PMCID: PMC5243195 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary history and classification of epiphyllous cryptogams are still poorly known. Leptolejeunea is a largely epiphyllous pantropical liverwort genus with about 25 species characterized by deeply bilobed underleaves, elliptic to narrowly obovate leaf lobes, the presence of ocelli, and vegetative reproduction by cladia. Sequences of three chloroplast regions (rbcL, trnL-F, psbA) and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region were obtained for 66 accessions of Leptolejeunea and six outgroup species to explore the phylogeny, divergence times, and ancestral areas of this genus. The phylogeny was estimated using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference approaches, and divergence times were estimated with a Bayesian relaxed clock method. Leptolejeunea likely originated in Asia or the Neotropics within a time interval from the Early Eocene to the Late Cretaceous (67.9 Ma, 95% highest posterior density [HPD]: 47.9-93.7). Diversification of the crown group initiated in the Eocene or early Oligocene (38.4 Ma, 95% HPD: 27.2-52.6). Most species clades were established in the Miocene. Leptolejeunea epiphylla and L. schiffneri originated in Asia and colonized African islands during the Plio-Pleistocene. Accessions of supposedly pantropical species are placed in different main clades. Several monophyletic morphospecies exhibit considerable sequence variation related to a geographical pattern. The clear geographic structure of the Leptolejeunea crown group points to evolutionary processes including rare long-distance dispersal and subsequent speciation. Leptolejeunea may have benefitted from the large-scale distribution of humid tropical angiosperm forests in the Eocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bechteler
- Department of Biology I, Systematic Botany and Mycology GeoBio-Center University of Munich (LMU) Munich Germany
| | | | - Gaik Ee Lee
- Department of Biology I, Systematic Botany and Mycology GeoBio-Center University of Munich (LMU) Munich Germany; School of Marine and Environmental Sciences University of Malaysia Terengganu Kuala Terengganu Terengganu Malaysia
| | - Kathrin Feldberg
- Department of Biology I, Systematic Botany and Mycology GeoBio-Center University of Munich (LMU) Munich Germany
| | | | - Tamás Pócs
- Botany Department Eszterházy University Eger Hungary
| | | | | | - Jochen Heinrichs
- Department of Biology I, Systematic Botany and Mycology GeoBio-Center University of Munich (LMU) Munich Germany
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