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Yao B, Shi G, Zhou H, Zhao X, Peñuelas J, Sardans J, Wang F, Wang Z. Uneven distributions of unique species promoting N niche complementarity explain the stability of degraded alpine meadow. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168487. [PMID: 37977375 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Alpine meadow degradation, usually involving decreased soil nitrogen (N) and patchy landscapes, is a challenge for natural restoration. However, the mechanism underlying plant species coexistence under degradation is unclear. In this study, we evaluated plant N niche complementarity in degraded alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau using a 15N-labeling (15NO3-, 15NH4+, and 15N-glycine) experiment. At the community level, the concentration of 15NO3- in the degraded alpine meadow was 1.5 times higher than that in the undegraded alpine meadow; both alpine meadows had a significant preference for NO3- (60.72 % and 66.84 % for the degraded and undegraded alpine meadows, respectively), and the degree of glycine preference was significantly higher in the degraded alpine meadow (30.77 %) relative to the undegraded alpine meadow (21.85 %). At the species level, dominant species in both alpine meadows consistently preferred NO3-; the generalist species that can be found in both meadows and unique species of the two alpine meadows generally showed NO3- preferences, while the other plant species that were unevenly distributed in the degraded alpine meadow tended to show increased utilization of glycine, which could reduce N competition. We observed that differentiation among N sources and the uneven distribution of unique species may explain the stability of degraded alpine meadows. Our results suggested that uneven distributions of plants could have strong impacts on community stability and highlighted the importance of considering fine-scale analysis in studies of niche theory. This study has important implications for the restoration of degraded alpine meadows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buqing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area in Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Guoxi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Utilization of Agriculture Solid Waste Resources, College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741000, China
| | - Huakun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area in Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Xinquan Zhao
- College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia 08193, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia 08193, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Fangping Wang
- College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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2
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Yu X, Wong YK, Yu JZ. Abundance and sources of organic nitrogen in fine (PM 2.5) and coarse (PM 2.5-10) particulate matter in urban Hong Kong. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165880. [PMID: 37536602 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Organic nitrogen (ON) in atmospheric particles is much less monitored compared to inorganic nitrogen (IN), despite its significant contribution to atmospheric N deposition budget. In this study, we expanded a newly developed instrumental method for IN and ON in PM2.5 samples to PM10 samples. We determined the quantities of ON and IN for paired PM2.5 and PM10 samples collected at an urban coastal site in Hong Kong, southern China over a year. These measurements also allowed the determination of IN and ON abundance in the coarse PM (i.e., PM2.5-10) by taking the difference between PM10 and PM2.5. The measurement results show that ON accounted for 27.6 % and 21.1 % of total N in fine and coarse particles, respectively, and was mainly (87.7 %) distributed in the fine mode at the site. The seasonal variation of ON/total N was relatively small in PM2.5 (23.6-30.4 %) while considerably larger in coarse PM (4.3-42.1 %). Analysis aided by concurrently measured source indicators revealed that sea spray, biological particle emissions, and dust mixed with anthropogenic pollutants are potentially significant sources of ON in coarse particles. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportionment further revealed that industrial emissions/coal combustion (43.6 %), soil dust emission (16.3 %), fresh sea salt emission (15.2 %), and aged sea salt (24.9 %) are major sources of PMcoarse-bound ON at the site. The contributions of industrial emissions/coal combustion and soil dust emission to ON were significantly higher in autumn and winter. Fresh sea salt emissions contributed greater proportions to ON in spring and summer, while ON associated with the aged sea salt source was higher in spring and autumn. These findings have advanced our quantitative understanding of the sources of PMcoarse-bound ON, which was scarcely determined in the past. Furthermore, the ON measurement data in fine and coarse particles helps estimate ON deposition, which has been previously under-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yee Ka Wong
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian Zhen Yu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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3
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Li X, Li Y, Wu J. Different in root exudates and rhizosphere microorganisms effect on nitrogen removal between three emergent aquatic plants in surface flow constructed wetlands. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 337:139422. [PMID: 37422212 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Swine wastewater contains high concentration of nitrogen (N), causing pollution of surrounding water bodies. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are considered as an effective ecological treatment measure to remove nitrogen. Some emergent aquatic plants could tolerate high ammonia, and play a crucial part in CWs to treat high concentration N wastewater. However, the mechanism of root exudates and rhizosphere microorganisms of emergent plants on nitrogen removal is still unclear. Effects of organic and amino acids on rhizosphere N cycle microorganisms and environmental factors across three emergent plants were investigated in this study. The highest TN removal efficiency were 81.20% in surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs) plant with Pontederia cordata. The root exudation rates results showed that organic and amino acids were higher in 56 d than that in 0 d in SFCWs plants with Iris pseudacorus and P. cordata. The highest ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) gene copy numbers were found in I. pseudacorus rhizosphere soil, while the highest nirS, nirK, hzsB and 16S rRNA gene copy numbers were detected in P. cordata rhizosphere soil. Regression analysis results demonstrated that organic and amino acids exudation rates were positive related to rhizosphere microorganisms. These results indicated that organic and amino acids secretion could stimulate growth of emergent plants rhizosphere microorganisms in SFCWs for swine wastewater treatment. In addition, the EC, TN, NH4+-N and NO3--N were negatively correlated with organic and amino acids exudation rates, and abundances of rhizosphere microorganisms via Pearson correlation analysis. These results imply that organic and amino acids, and rhizosphere microorganisms synergically affected on the nitrogen removal in SFCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, China; Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, China
| | - Yuyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, China; Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, China.
| | - Jinshui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, China; Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Yi R, Liu Q, Yang F, Dai X, Meng S, Fu X, Li S, Kou L, Wang H. Complementary belowground strategies underlie species coexistence in an early successional forest. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:612-623. [PMID: 36647205 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Unravelling belowground strategies is critical for understanding species coexistence and successional dynamics; yet, our knowledge of nutrient acquisition strategies of forest species at different successional stages remains limited. We measured morphological (diameter, specific root length, and root tissue density), architectural (branching ratio), physiological (ammonium, nitrate, and glycine uptake rates) root traits, and mycorrhizal colonisation rates of eight coexisting woody species in an early successional plantation forest in subtropical China. By incorporating physiological uptake efficiency, we revealed a bi-dimensional root economics space comprising of an 'amount-efficiency' dimension represented by morphological and physiological traits, and a 'self-symbiosis' dimension dominated by architectural and mycorrhizal traits. The early pioneer species relied on root-fungal symbiosis, developing densely branched roots with high mycorrhizal colonisation rates for foraging mobile soil nitrate. The late pioneer species invested in roots themselves and allocated effort towards improving uptake efficiency of less-mobile ammonium. Within the root economics space, the covariation of axes with soil phosphorus availability also distinguished the strategy preference of the two successional groups. These results demonstrate the importance of incorporating physiological uptake efficiency into root economics space, and reveal a trade-off between expanding soil physical space exploration and improving physiological uptake efficiency for successional species coexistence in forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruojun Yi
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qianyuan Liu
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, China
| | - Fengting Yang
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoqin Dai
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shengwang Meng
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoli Fu
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shenggong Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Liang Kou
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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5
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Hu CC, Liu XY. Plant nitrogen-use strategies and their responses to the urban elevation of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in southwestern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119969. [PMID: 35981639 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The elevation of nitrogen (N) deposition by urbanization profoundly impacts the structure and function of surrounding forest ecosystems. Plants are major biomass sinks of external N inputs into forests. Yet, the N-use strategies of forest plants in many areas remain unconstrained in city areas, so their responses and adapting mechanisms to the elevated N deposition are open questions. Here we investigated concentrations and N isotope (δ15N) of total N (TN) and nitrate (NO3-) in leaves and roots of four plant species in subtropical shrubberies and pine forests under N deposition levels of 13 kg-N ha-1 yr-1 and 29 kg-N ha-1 yr-1 at the Guiyang area of southwestern China, respectively. The δ15N differences between plant NO3- and soil NO3- revealed a meager NO3- reduction in leaves but a preferentially high NO3- reduction in roots. δ15N mass-balance analyses between plant TN and soil dissolved N suggested that soil NO3- contributed more than reduced N, and dissolved organic N contributed comparably with ammonium to plant TN, and the study plants preferred NO3- over reduced N. The elevation of N deposition induced root but not leaf NO3- reduction and enhanced the contribution of soil NO3- to plant TN, but plant NO3- preference decreased due to much higher magnitudes of soil NO3- enrichment than plant NO3- utilization. We conclude that plants in subtropical forests of southwestern China preferred NO3- over reduced N, and NO3- was reduced more in roots than in leaves, anthropogenic N pollution enhanced soil NO3- enrichment and plant NO3- utilization but reduced plant NO3- preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Chen Hu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xue-Yan Liu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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6
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Hu X, Li W, Liu Q, Yin C. Interactions between species change the uptake of ammonium and nitrate in Abies faxoniana and Picea asperata. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1396-1410. [PMID: 34962272 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant nitrogen (N) uptake is affected by plant-plant interactions, but the mechanisms remain unknown. A 15N-labeled technique was used in a pot experiment to analyze the uptake rate of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) by Abies faxoniana Rehd. et Wils and Picea asperata Mast. in single-plant mode, intraspecific and interspecific interactions. The results indicated that the effects of plant-plant interactions on N uptake rate depended on plant species and N forms. Picea asperata had a higher N uptake rate of both N forms than A. faxoniana, and both species preferred NO3-. Compared with single-plant mode, intraspecific interaction increased NH4+ uptake for A. faxoniana but reduced that for P. asperata, while it did not change NO3- uptake for the two species. The interspecific interaction enhanced N uptake of both N forms for A. faxoniana but did not affect the P. asperata compared with single-plant mode. NH4+ and NO3- uptake rates for the two species were regulated by root N concentration, root nitrate reductase activity, root vigor, soil pH and soil N availability under plant-plant interactions. Decreased NH4+ uptake rate for P. asperata under intraspecific interaction was induced by lower root N concentration and nitrate reductase activity. The positive effects of interspecific interaction on N uptake for A. faxoniana could be determined mainly by positive rhizosphere effects, such as high soil pH. From the perspective of root-soil interactions, our study provides insight into how plant-plant interactions affect N uptake, which can help to understand species coexistence and biodiversity maintenance in forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 416, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wanting Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 416, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 416, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Chunying Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 416, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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7
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Song R, Tong R, Zhang H, Wang GG, Wu T, Yang X. Effects of Long-Term Fertilization and Stand Age on Root Nutrient Acquisition and Leaf Nutrient Resorption of Metasequoia glyptostroboides. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:905358. [PMID: 35646046 PMCID: PMC9131168 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.905358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The plant nutrient acquisition strategies are diverse, such as root nutrient acquisition and leaf nutrient resorption, playing important roles in driving soil processes, vegetation performance as well as ecosystem nutrient cycling. However, it is still in a debate whether there is a synergy or tradeoff between above- and below-ground nutrient acquisition strategy under nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition, or with stand age. Herein, this study investigated the responses of root-soil accumulation factor (RSAF) and leaf nutrient resorption efficiency (NuRE) to long-term N and P fertilization, and further explored the trade-off between them in Metasequoia glyptostroboides plantations with different stand age. Results showed that under N fertilization in young plantations, leaf N resorption efficiency (NRE) increased, and root-soil accumulation factor for P (RSAF-P) decreased. For young forests under P fertilization, the NRE increased whereas RSAF-P decreased. For middle-aged forests under P fertilization, the NRE and leaf P resorption efficiency (PRE) increased and the RSAF-P decreased. Under P fertilization in young and middle-aged plantations, PRE had a significant positive correlation with RSAF-P. Under N fertilization in young plantations, NRE was significantly positive correlated with root-soil accumulation factor for N (RSAF-N). The covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) analysis indicated that stand age had positive effects on PRE whether under N or P fertilization, as well as on RSAF-P under N fertilization, whereas had no effects on the NRE or RSAF-N. Overall, our results can shed light on the nutrient acquisition strategies of M. glyptostroboides plantations under future environmental changes and the results could be applied to the nutrient management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Song
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- East China Coastal Forest Ecosystem Long-term Research Station, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ran Tong
- East China Coastal Forest Ecosystem Long-term Research Station, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Forestry and Biotechnology College, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - G. Geoff Wang
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Tonggui Wu
- East China Coastal Forest Ecosystem Long-term Research Station, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuqing Yang
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
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8
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Ren H, Tian L, Zhu Y, Xu Z, Zeng D, Fang Y, Han G. Nitrogen and water addition alter nitrogen uptake preferences of two dominant plant species in a typical Inner Mongolian steppe. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2021. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2021-1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhu F, Dai L, Hobbie EA, Qu Y, Huang D, Gurmesa GA, Zhou X, Wang A, Li Y, Fang Y. Quantifying nitrogen uptake and translocation for mature trees: an in situ whole-tree paired 15N labeling method. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:2109-2125. [PMID: 34014313 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the major nutrients limiting plant growth in terrestrial ecosystems. To avoid plant-microbe competition, previous studies on plant N uptake preference often used hydroponic experiments on fine roots of seedlings and demonstrated ammonium preference for conifer species; however, we lack information about N uptake and translocation in the field. In this paper, we described a method of in situ paired 15N labeling and reported the rates and time course of N uptake and translocation by mature trees in situ. We added 15N-enriched ammonium or nitrate, together with the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide, to paired Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr (larch) trees from 30-, 40- and 50-year-old plantations. Fine roots, coarse roots, leaves and small branches were collected 2, 4, 7, 14 and 30 days after labeling. Nitrate uptake and translocation averaged 1.59 ± 0.16 μg 15N g-1 day-1, which is slightly higher than ammonium (1.08 ± 0.10 μg 15N g-1 day-1), in all tree organs. Nitrate contributed 50-78% to N uptake and translocation, indicating efficient nitrate use by larch in situ. We observed no age effect. We suggest that sampling leaves after 4 days of 15N labeling is sufficient to detect mature tree N uptake preference in situ. Whole-tree 15N-ammonium recovery equaled that of 15N-nitrate 30 days after 15N addition, implying the importance of both ammonium and nitrate to mature larch N use in the long run. We conclude that our method is promising for studying mature tree N uptake preference in situ and can be applied to other conifer and broadleaf species. We suggest using highly enriched 15N tracer to overcome soil dilution and a nitrification inhibitor to minimize ammonium transformation to nitrate. Our study revealed mature tree N preference in situ and demonstrated the strong contribution of nitrate toward mature larch growth on soils rich in nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Luming Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Erik A Hobbie
- Earth Systems Research Center, Morse Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824-3525, USA
| | - Yuying Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Dan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Geshere A Gurmesa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Xulun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Ang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
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10
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Yu X, Li Q, Ge Y, Li Y, Liao K, Huang XH, Li J, Yu JZ. Simultaneous Determination of Aerosol Inorganic and Organic Nitrogen by Thermal Evolution and Chemiluminescence Detection. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:11579-11589. [PMID: 34396780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic nitrogen (IN) and organic nitrogen (ON) molecules constitute a significant part of atmospheric aerosol. Unlike IN, the total ON quantity remains largely unquantified due to a lack of a simple and direct measurement method. This analytical deficiency hinders the quantitative assessment of the various environmental and health effect impacts by aerosol ON. In this work, we developed an analyzer system that utilizes programmed thermal evolution of carbonaceous and nitrogenous aerosols and chemiluminescence detection coupled with the multivariate curve resolution data treatment to achieve simultaneous quantification of IN and ON. The system is capable of detecting IN and ON as low as 96 ng N per sample on a small filter aliquot (1 cm2) without any pretreatment. This method breakthrough opens the door to quantifying an important pool of aerosol N that was analytically inaccessible in the past and holds the promise to quantifying IN and ON in other environmental samples. As a demonstration, quantification of aerosol ON at an urban site in Hong Kong, China, in samples spanning over a year reveals ON constituting a significant fraction (9-52%) of the total aerosol nitrogen and having major source origins in both secondary formation and primary emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Qianfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yao Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yumin Li
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science & Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Kezheng Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiaohui Hilda Huang
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jinjian Li
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jian Zhen Yu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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11
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Smith CJ, Chalk PM. Organic N compounds in plant nutrition: have methodologies based on stable isotopes provided unequivocal evidence of direct N uptake? ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2021; 57:333-349. [PMID: 34074191 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2021.1932871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During the past two decades, interest has developed in regard to the possibility that plant roots can take up organic N compounds directly, a concept which challenges the conventional wisdom that soil inorganic N forms (NH4+ and NO3-) are the sole primary sources of N absorbed by plant roots. We reviewed the literature based on single or dual (15N, 13C) stable isotope labelling techniques to test the hypothesis of direct uptake. Both isotopically enriched and natural abundance approaches were reviewed. Of the methods examined, the dual enrichment technique, when combined with compound specific and position-specific stable isotope analysis, provided incontrovertible evidence for direct uptake of simple amino acids. We demonstrate that dual labelling lacks overall sensitivity due to the high C concentration in plant tissue relative to N, and the higher natural abundance of 13C cf. 15N, which limits the period of measurement due to isotope dilution, and hence an assessment of the long-term contribution of direct uptake to the N economy of plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phillip M Chalk
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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12
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Zhou X, Wang A, Hobbie EA, Zhu F, Qu Y, Dai L, Li D, Liu X, Zhu W, Koba K, Li Y, Fang Y. Mature conifers assimilate nitrate as efficiently as ammonium from soils in four forest plantations. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:3184-3194. [PMID: 33226653 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conifers are considered to prefer to take up ammonium (NH4+ ) over nitrate (NO3- ). However, this conclusion is mainly based on hydroponic experiments that separate roots from soils. It remains unclear to what extent mature conifers can use nitrate compared to ammonium under field conditions where both roots and soil microbes compete for nitrogen (N). We conducted an in situ whole mature tree nitrogen-15 (15 N) labeling experiment (15 NH4+ vs 15 NO3- ) over 15 d to quantify ammonium and nitrate uptake and assimilation rates in four 40-yr-old monoculture coniferous plantations (Pinus koraiensis, Pinus sylvestris, Picea koraiensis and Larix olgensis, respectively). For the whole tree, 15 NO3- contributed 39% to 90% to total 15 N tracer uptake among four plantations during the study period. At day 3, the 15 NO3- accounted for 77%, 64%, 62% and 59% by Larix olgensis, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus sylvestris and Picea koraiensis, respectively. Our study indicates that mature coniferous trees assimilated nitrate as efficiently as ammonium from soils even at low soil nitrate concentration, in contrast to the results from hydroponic experiments showing that ammonium uptake dominated over nitrate. This implies that mature conifers can adapt to increasing availability of nitrate in soil, for example, under the context of globalization of N deposition and global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
- Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China
- Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Erik A Hobbie
- Earth Systems Research Center, Morse Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Feifei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China
- Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yuying Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China
- Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Luming Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Insititute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Weixing Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, The State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Keisuke Koba
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Yinghua Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China
- Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
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13
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Tatsumi C, Hyodo F, Taniguchi T, Shi W, Koba K, Fukushima K, Du S, Yamanaka N, Templer P, Tateno R. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Community in Roots and Nitrogen Uptake Patterns of Understory Trees Beneath Ectomycorrhizal and Non-ectomycorrhizal Overstory Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:583585. [PMID: 33519844 PMCID: PMC7840530 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.583585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential plant nutrient, and plants can take up N from several sources, including via mycorrhizal fungal associations. The N uptake patterns of understory plants may vary beneath different types of overstory trees, especially through the difference in their type of mycorrhizal association (arbuscular mycorrhizal, AM; or ectomycorrhizal, ECM), because soil mycorrhizal community and N availability differ beneath AM (non-ECM) and ECM overstory trees (e.g., relatively low nitrate content beneath ECM overstory trees). To test this hypothesis, we examined six co-existing AM-symbiotic understory tree species common beneath both AM-symbiotic black locust (non-ECM) and ECM-symbiotic oak trees of dryland forests in China. We measured AM fungal community composition of roots and natural abundance stable isotopic composition of N (δ15N) in plant leaves, roots, and soils. The root mycorrhizal community composition of understory trees did not significantly differ between beneath non-ECM and ECM overstory trees, although some OTUs more frequently appeared beneath non-ECM trees. Understory trees beneath non-ECM overstory trees had similar δ15N values in leaves and soil nitrate, suggesting that they took up most of their nitrogen as nitrate. Beneath ECM overstory trees, understory trees had consistently lower leaf than root δ15N, suggesting they depended on mycorrhizal fungi for N acquisition since mycorrhizal fungi transfer isotopically light N to host plants. Additionally, leaf N concentrations in the understory trees were lower beneath ECM than the non-ECM overstory trees. Our results show that, without large differences in root mycorrhizal community, the N uptake patterns of understory trees vary between beneath different overstory trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikae Tatsumi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fujio Hyodo
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Weiyu Shi
- School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Keisuke Koba
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Shiga, Japan
| | | | - Sheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Pamela Templer
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ryunosuke Tateno
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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14
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Jia X, Huangfu C, Hui D. Nitrogen Uptake by Two Plants in Response to Plant Competition as Regulated by Neighbor Density. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:584370. [PMID: 33362813 PMCID: PMC7758497 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.584370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant species may acquire different forms of nitrogen (N) to reduce competition for the same resource, but how plants respond to neighbors with different densities in their N uptake is still poorly understood. We investigated the effects of competition regime on the uptake of different N forms by two hygrophytes, Carex thunbergii and Polygonum criopolitanum, by conducting a hydroponic test of excised roots and an in situ experiment in a subtropical wetland ecosystem. The two species were grown either in monocultures or mixtures with various neighbor densities. Root functional traits and N uptake rates of different N forms were measured. Our results showed that N uptake was mainly determined by N form, rather than species identity. Both species were able to use organic N sources, but they took up relatively more N supplied as NO 3 - than as NH 4 + or glycine, irrespective of competition treatments. Both species preferred NO 3 - when grown in monoculture, but in the presence of competitors, the preference of fast-growing C. thunbergii persisted while P. criopolitanum acquired more NH 4 + and glycine, with stronger responses being observed at the highest neighbor density. The hydroponic test suggested that these divergences in N acquisition between two species might be partially explained by different root functional traits. To be specific, N uptake rates were significantly positively correlated with root N concentration and specific root length, but negatively correlated with root dry matter content. Our results implicated that C. thunbergii has a competitive advantage with relatively more stable N acquisition strategy despite a lower N recovery than P. criopolitanum, whereas P. criopolitanum could avoid competition with C. thunbergii via a better access to organic N sources, partly mediated by competition regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Jia
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaohe Huangfu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
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15
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Zhang L, Zhu T, Liu X, Nie M, Xu X, Zhou S. Limited inorganic N niche partitioning by nine alpine plant species after long-term nitrogen addition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 718:137270. [PMID: 32097836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, PR China.
| | - Tongbin Zhu
- Karst Dynamics Laboratory, MLR & Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Xiang Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, PR China.
| | - Ming Nie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, PR China.
| | - Xingliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, PR China.
| | - Shurong Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, PR China.
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16
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Zhu F, Dai L, Hobbie EA, Koba K, Liu X, Gurmesa GA, Huang S, Li S, Li Y, Han S, Fang Y. Uptake Patterns of Glycine, Ammonium, and Nitrate Differ Among Four Common Tree Species of Northeast China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:799. [PMID: 31333684 PMCID: PMC6614667 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental questions of how plant species within secondary forests and plantations in northeast China partition limited nitrogen (N) resource remain unclear. Here we conducted a 15N tracer greenhouse study to determine glycine, ammonium, and nitrate uptake by the seedlings of two coniferous species, Pinus koraiensis (Pinus) and Larix keampferi (Larix), and two broadleaf species, Quercus mongolica (Quercus) and Juglans mandshurica (Juglans), that are common in natural secondary forests in northeast China. Glycine contributed 43% to total N uptake of Pinus, but only 20, 11, and 21% to N uptake by Larix, Quercus, and Juglans, respectively (whole plant), whereas nitrate uptake was 24, 74, 88, and 68% of total uptake for these four species, respectively. Retention of glycine carbon versus nitrogen in Pinus roots indicated that 36% of glycine uptake was retained intact. Nitrate was preferentially used by Larix, Quercus, and Juglans, with nitrate uptake constituting 68∼88% of total N use by these three species. These results demonstrated that these dominant tree species in secondary forests in northeast China partitioned limited N resource by varying uptake of glycine, ammonium and nitrate, with all species, except Pinus, using nitrate that are most abundant within these soils. Such N use pattern may also provide potential underlying mechanisms for the higher retention of deposited nitrate than ammonium into aboveground biomass in these secondary forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, Shenyang, China
| | - Luming Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Erik A. Hobbie
- Earth Systems Research Center, Morse Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Keisuke Koba
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Geshere A. Gurmesa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaonan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanlong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, Shenyang, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shijie Han
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, Shenyang, China
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17
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Bueno A, Pritsch K, Simon J. Species-Specific Outcome in the Competition for Nitrogen Between Invasive and Native Tree Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:337. [PMID: 30984215 PMCID: PMC6449475 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The outcome of competition for nitrogen (N) between native and invasive tree species is a major concern when considering increasing anthropogenic N deposition. Our study investigated whether three native (i.e., Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, and Pinus sylvestris) and two invasive woody species (i.e., Prunus serotina and Robinia pseudoacacia) showed different responses regarding morphological and physiological parameters (i.e., biomass and growth indices, inorganic vs. organic N acquisition strategies, and N allocation to N pools) depending on the identity of the competing species, and whether these responses were mediated by soil N availability. In a greenhouse experiment, tree seedlings were planted either single or in native-invasive competition at low and high soil N availability. We measured inorganic and organic N acquisition using 15N labeling, total biomass, growth indices, as well as total soluble amino acid-N and protein-N levels in the leaves and fine roots of the seedlings. Our results indicate that invasive species have a competitive advantage via high growth rates, whereas native species could avoid competition with invasives via their higher organic N acquisition suggesting a better access to organic soil N sources. Moreover, native species responded to competition with distinct species- and parameter-specific strategies that were partly mediated by soil N availability. Native tree seedlings in general showed a stronger response to invasive P. serotina than R. pseudoacacia, and their strategies to cope with competition reflect the different species' life history strategies and physiological traits. Considering the responses of native and invasive species, our results suggest that specifically Q. robur seedlings have a competitive advantage over those of R. pseudoacacia but not P. serotina. Furthermore, native and invasive species show stronger responses to higher soil N availability under competition compared to when growing single. In conclusion, our study provides insights into the potential for niche differentiation between native and invasive species by using different N forms available in the soil, the combined effects of increased soil N availability and competition on tree seedling N nutrition, as well as the species-specific nature of competition between native and invasive tree seedlings which could be relevant for forest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bueno
- Plant Interactions Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karin Pritsch
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Judy Simon
- Plant Interactions Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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18
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Bueno A, Greenfield L, Pritsch K, Schmidt S, Simon J. Responses to competition for nitrogen between subtropical native tree seedlings and exotic grasses are species-specific and mediated by soil N availability. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:404-416. [PMID: 30184191 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Competitive interactions between native tree seedlings and exotic grasses frequently hinder forest restoration. We investigated the consequences of competition with exotic grasses on the growth and net nitrogen (N) uptake capacity of native rainforest seedlings used for reforestation depending on soil N availability and N source. Tree seedlings and grasses were grown in the greenhouse in different competition regimes (one tree species vs one grass species) and controls (grass monocultures or single tree seedlings) at low and high soil N. After 8 weeks, we quantified net N uptake capacity using 15N-labelled organic (i.e., glutamine and arginine) and inorganic (i.e., ammonium and nitrate) N sources and biomass indices. Depending on soil N availability, we observed different species-specific responses to growth and N acquisition. Tree seedlings generally increased their net N uptake capacity in response to competition with grasses, although overall seedling growth was unaffected. In contrast, the responses to competition by the grasses were species-specific and varied with soil N availability. The different N acquisition strategies suggest the avoidance of competition for N between trees and grasses. Overall, the results highlight that quantifying underlying mechanisms of N acquisition complements the information on biomass allocation as a measure of responses to competition, particularly with varying environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bueno
- Plant Interactions Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Lucy Greenfield
- Plant Nutrition and Ecophysiology Group, School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Qld, Australia
- School of Earth and Environment, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Karin Pritsch
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, HelmholtzZentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt GmbH, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Oberschleiβheim, Germany
| | - Susanne Schmidt
- Plant Nutrition and Ecophysiology Group, School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Qld, Australia
| | - Judy Simon
- Plant Interactions Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz, Germany
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19
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Huang Y, Fan G, Zhou D, Pang J. Phenotypic plasticity of four Chenopodiaceae species with contrasting saline-sodic tolerance in response to increased salinity-sodicity. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:1545-1553. [PMID: 30847054 PMCID: PMC6392380 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unknown whether phenotypic plasticity in fitness-related traits is associated with salinity-sodicity tolerance. This study compared growth and allocation phenotypic plasticity in two species with low salinity-sodicity tolerance (Chenopodium acuminatum and C. stenophyllum) and two species with high salinity-sodicity tolerance (Suaeda glauca and S. salsa) in a pot experiment in the Songnen grassland, China. While the species with low tolerance had higher growth and allocation plasticity than the highly tolerant species, the highly tolerant species only adjusted their growth traits and maintained higher fitness (e.g., plant height and total biomass) in response to increased soil salinity-sodicity, with low biomass allocation plasticity. Most plasticity is "apparent" plasticity (ontogenetic change), and only a few traits, for example, plant height:stem diameter ratio and root:shoot biomass ratio, represent "real" plasticity (real change in response to the environment). Our results show that phenotypic plasticity was negatively correlated with saline-sodic tolerance and could be used as an index of species sensitivity to soil salinity-sodicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Huang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Gaohua Fan
- Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Daowei Zhou
- Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Jiayin Pang
- School of Agriculture and EnvironmentThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- The UWA Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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20
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Luo S, Schmid B, De Deyn GB, Yu S. Soil microbes promote complementarity effects among co‐existing trees through soil nitrogen partitioning. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Luo
- Department of EcologySchool of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Gerlinde B. De Deyn
- Department of Environmental SciencesWageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Shixiao Yu
- Department of EcologySchool of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
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