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Suding KN, Collins CG, Hallett LM, Larios L, Brigham LM, Dudney J, Farrer EC, Larson JE, Shackelford N, Spasojevic MJ. Biodiversity in changing environments: An external-driver internal-topology framework to guide intervention. Ecology 2024; 105:e4322. [PMID: 39014865 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Accompanying the climate crisis is the more enigmatic biodiversity crisis. Rapid reorganization of biodiversity due to global environmental change has defied prediction and tested the basic tenets of conservation and restoration. Conceptual and practical innovation is needed to support decision making in the face of these unprecedented shifts. Critical questions include: How can we generalize biodiversity change at the community level? When are systems able to reorganize and maintain integrity, and when does abiotic change result in collapse or restructuring? How does this understanding provide a template to guide when and how to intervene in conservation and restoration? To this end, we frame changes in community organization as the modulation of external abiotic drivers on the internal topology of species interactions, using plant-plant interactions in terrestrial communities as a starting point. We then explore how this framing can help translate available data on species abundance and trait distributions to corresponding decisions in management. Given the expectation that community response and reorganization are highly complex, the external-driver internal-topology (EDIT) framework offers a way to capture general patterns of biodiversity that can help guide resilience and adaptation in changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine N Suding
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Courtney G Collins
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Biodiversity Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lauren M Hallett
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biology and Environmental Studies Program, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Loralee Larios
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Laurel M Brigham
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Joan Dudney
- Environmental Studies Program, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Emily C Farrer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Julie E Larson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, Oregon, USA
| | - Nancy Shackelford
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marko J Spasojevic
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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2
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Quan Q, He N, Zhang R, Wang J, Luo Y, Ma F, Pan J, Wang R, Liu C, Zhang J, Wang Y, Song B, Li Z, Zhou Q, Yu G, Niu S. Plant height as an indicator for alpine carbon sequestration and ecosystem response to warming. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:890-900. [PMID: 38755277 PMCID: PMC11208140 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that plant community structure and traits have changed under climate warming, especially in cold or high-elevation regions. However, the impact of these warming-induced changes on ecosystem carbon sequestration remains unclear. Using a warming experiment on the high-elevation Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, we found that warming not only increased plant species height but also altered species composition, collectively resulting in a taller plant community associated with increased net ecosystem productivity (NEP). Along a 1,500 km transect on the Plateau, taller plant community promoted NEP and soil carbon through associated chlorophyll content and other photosynthetic traits at the community level. Overall, plant community height as a dominant trait is associated with species composition and regulates ecosystem C sequestration in the high-elevation biome. This trait-based association provides new insights into predicting the direction, magnitude and sensitivity of ecosystem C fluxes in response to climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Environment and Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Ruiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Fangfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Environment and Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Junxiao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ruomeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Environment and Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Environment and Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Environment and Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yiheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Environment and Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bing Song
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Zhaolei Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qingping Zhou
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Environment and Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
- Department of Environment and Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
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3
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Kazenel MR, Wright KW, Griswold T, Whitney KD, Rudgers JA. Heat and desiccation tolerances predict bee abundance under climate change. Nature 2024; 628:342-348. [PMID: 38538790 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Climate change could pose an urgent threat to pollinators, with critical ecological and economic consequences. However, for most insect pollinator species, we lack the long-term data and mechanistic evidence that are necessary to identify climate-driven declines and predict future trends. Here we document 16 years of abundance patterns for a hyper-diverse bee assemblage1 in a warming and drying region2, link bee declines with experimentally determined heat and desiccation tolerances, and use climate sensitivity models to project bee communities into the future. Aridity strongly predicted bee abundance for 71% of 665 bee populations (species × ecosystem combinations). Bee taxa that best tolerated heat and desiccation increased the most over time. Models forecasted declines for 46% of species and predicted more homogeneous communities dominated by drought-tolerant taxa, even while total bee abundance may remain unchanged. Such community reordering could reduce pollination services, because diverse bee assemblages typically maximize pollination for plant communities3. Larger-bodied bees also dominated under intermediate to high aridity, identifying body size as a valuable trait for understanding how climate-driven shifts in bee communities influence pollination4. We provide evidence that climate change directly threatens bee diversity, indicating that bee conservation efforts should account for the stress of aridity on bee physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Kazenel
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Karen W Wright
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Washington State Department of Agriculture, Yakima, WA, USA
| | - Terry Griswold
- USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Kenneth D Whitney
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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4
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Promy NT, Newberry M, Gulisija D. Rapid evolution of phenotypic plasticity in patchy habitats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19158. [PMID: 37932330 PMCID: PMC10628295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45912-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity may evolve rapidly, enabling a population's persistence in the face of sudden environmental change. Rapid evolution can occur when there is considerable genetic polymorphism at selected loci. We propose that balancing selection could be one of the mechanisms that sustain such polymorphism for plasticity. We use stochastic Monte Carlo simulations and deterministic analysis to investigate the evolution of a plasticity modifier locus in structured populations inhabiting favorable and adverse environments, i.e. patchy habitats. We survey a wide range of parameters including selective pressures on a target (structural) locus, plasticity effects, population sizes, and migration patterns between demes including periodic or continuous bidirectional and source-sink dynamics. We find that polymorphism in phenotypic plasticity can be maintained under a wide range of environmental scenarios in both favorable and adverse environments due to the balancing effect of population structure in patchy habitats. This effect offers a new plausible explanation for the rapid evolution of plasticity in nature: Phenotypic plasticity may rapidly evolve from genetic variation maintained by balancing selection if the population has experienced immigration from populations under different selection regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawsheen T Promy
- Department of Computer Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Mitchell Newberry
- Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, 219 Yale Boulevard NE, 3566 Castetter Hall, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Davorka Gulisija
- Department of Computer Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, 219 Yale Boulevard NE, 3566 Castetter Hall, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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5
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Rastetter EB, Griffin KL, Kwiatkowski BL, Kling GW. Ecosystem feedbacks constrain the effect of day-to-day weather variability on land-atmosphere carbon exchange. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:6093-6105. [PMID: 37647012 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Whole-ecosystem interactions and feedbacks constrain ecosystem responses to environmental change. The effects of these constraints on responses to climate trends and extreme weather events have been well studied. Here we examine how these constraints respond to changes in day-to-day weather variability without changing the long-term mean weather. Although environmental variability is recognized as a critical factor affecting ecological function, the effects of climate change on day-to-day weather variability and the resultant impacts on ecosystem function are still poorly understood. Changes in weather variability can alter the mean rates of individual ecological processes because many processes respond non-linearly to environmental drivers. We assessed how these individual-process responses to changes in day-to-day weather variability interact with one another at an ecosystem level. We examine responses of arctic tundra to changes in weather variability using stochastic simulations of daily temperature, precipitation, and light to drive a biogeochemical model. Changes in weather variability altered ecosystem carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stocks and cycling rates in our model. However, responses of some processes (e.g., respiration) were inconsistent with expectations because ecosystem feedbacks can moderate, or even reverse, direct process responses to weather variability. More weather variability led to greater carbon losses from land to atmosphere; less variability led to higher carbon sequestration on land. The magnitude of modeled ecosystem response to weather variability was comparable to that predicted for the effects of climate mean trends by the end of the century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward B Rastetter
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Lab, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin L Griffin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Biology and Paleo Environment, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
| | | | - George W Kling
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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6
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Chang Q, He H, Ren X, Zhang L, Feng L, Lv Y, Zhang M, Xu Q, Liu W, Zhang Y, Wang T. Soil moisture drives the spatiotemporal patterns of asymmetry in vegetation productivity responses across China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158819. [PMID: 36116661 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly drastic global change is expected to cause hydroclimatic changes, which will influence vegetation productivity and pose a threat to the terrestrial carbon sink. Asymmetry represents an imbalance between vegetation growth and loss of growth during dry and wet periods, respectively. However, the mechanisms of asymmetric plant responses to hydrological changes remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the spatiotemporal patterns of asymmetric responses of vegetation productivity across terrestrial ecosystems in China. We analyzed several observational and satellite-based datasets of plant productivity and several reanalyzed datasets of hydroclimatic variables from 2001 to 2020, and used a random forest model to assess the importance of hydroclimatic variables for these responses. Our results showed that the productivity of >50 % of China's vegetated areas showed a more positive asymmetry (2.3 ± 9.4 %) over the study period, which were distributed broadly in northwest China (mainly grasslands and sparse vegetation ecosystems). Negative asymmetries were most common in forest ecosystems in northeast China. We demonstrated that one-third of vegetated areas tended to exhibit significant changes in asymmetry during 2001-2020. The trend towards stronger positive asymmetry (0.95 % yr-1) was higher than that towards stronger negative asymmetry (-0.55 % yr-1), which is beneficial for the carbon sink. We further showed that in China, soil moisture was a more important driver of spatiotemporal changes in asymmetric productivity than precipitation. We identified thresholds of surface soil moisture (20-30 %, volume water content) and root-zone soil moisture (200-350 mm, equivalent water height) that were associated with changes in asymmetry. Our findings highlight the necessity of considering the dynamic responses of vegetation to hydrological factors in order to fully understand the physiological growth processes of plants and avoid the possible loss of productivity due to future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; National Ecological Science Data Center, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Honglin He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; National Ecological Science Data Center, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiaoli Ren
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; National Ecological Science Data Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; National Ecological Science Data Center, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lili Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; National Ecological Science Data Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; National Ecological Science Data Center, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; National Ecological Science Data Center, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; National Ecological Science Data Center, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; National Ecological Science Data Center, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- National Ecological Science Data Center, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Tianxiang Wang
- National Ecological Science Data Center, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
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7
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Hudson AR, Peters DPC, Blair JM, Childers DL, Doran PT, Geil K, Gooseff M, Gross KL, Haddad NM, Pastore MA, Rudgers JA, Sala O, Seabloom EW, Shaver G. Cross-Site Comparisons of Dryland Ecosystem Response to Climate Change in the US Long-Term Ecological Research Network. Bioscience 2022; 72:889-907. [PMID: 36034512 PMCID: PMC9405733 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term observations and experiments in diverse drylands reveal how ecosystems and services are responding to climate change. To develop generalities about climate change impacts at dryland sites, we compared broadscale patterns in climate and synthesized primary production responses among the eight terrestrial, nonforested sites of the United States Long-Term Ecological Research (US LTER) Network located in temperate (Southwest and Midwest) and polar (Arctic and Antarctic) regions. All sites experienced warming in recent decades, whereas drought varied regionally with multidecadal phases. Multiple years of wet or dry conditions had larger effects than single years on primary production. Droughts, floods, and wildfires altered resource availability and restructured plant communities, with greater impacts on primary production than warming alone. During severe regional droughts, air pollution from wildfire and dust events peaked. Studies at US LTER drylands over more than 40 years demonstrate reciprocal links and feedbacks among dryland ecosystems, climate-driven disturbance events, and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Hudson
- Agricultural Research Service's Big Data Initiative and SCINet Program for Scientific Computing in Berwyn Heights , Maryland, United States
| | - Debra P C Peters
- Agricultural Research Service's Big Data Initiative and SCINet Program for Scientific Computing in Berwyn Heights , Maryland, United States
- US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service's Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces , New Mexico, United States
- New Mexico State University , Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States
| | - John M Blair
- Kansas State University, Manhattan , Kansas, United States
| | | | - Peter T Doran
- Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Kerrie Geil
- Agricultural Research Service's Big Data Initiative and SCINet Program for Scientific Computing in Berwyn Heights , Maryland, United States
| | | | - Katherine L Gross
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Vermont , United States
- Department of Plant Biology, Vermont , United States
| | - Nick M Haddad
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Vermont , United States
- Department of Plant Biology, Vermont , United States
| | | | | | - Osvaldo Sala
- Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona, United States
- Global Drylands Center and the School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona, United States
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota, United States
| | - Gaius Shaver
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole , Massachusetts, United States
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8
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Fernandes VMC, Rudgers JA, Collins SL, Garcia-Pichel F. Rainfall pulse regime drives biomass and community composition in biological soil crusts. Ecology 2022; 103:e3744. [PMID: 35522227 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Future climates will alter the frequency and size of rain events in drylands, potentially affecting soil microbes that generate carbon feedbacks to climate, but field tests are rare. Topsoils in drylands are commonly colonized by biological soil crusts (biocrusts), photosynthesis-based communities that provide services ranging from soil fertilization to stabilization against erosion. We quantified responses of biocrust microbial communities to twelve years of altered rainfall regimes, with 60 mm of additional rain per year delivered either as small (5 mm) weekly rains or large (20 mm) monthly rains during the summer monsoon season. Rain addition promoted microbial diversity, suppressed the dominant cyanobacterium, Microcoleus vaginatus, and enhanced nitrogen-fixing taxa, but did not consistently increase microbial biomass. The addition of many small rain events increased microbial biomass, whereas few, large events did not. These results alter the physiological paradigm that biocrusts are most limited by the amount of rainfall and instead predict that regimes enriched in small rain events will boost cyanobacterial biocrusts and enhance their beneficial services to drylands. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M C Fernandes
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Biodesign Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, AZ, USA.,Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Scott L Collins
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ferran Garcia-Pichel
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Biodesign Institute, and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, AZ, USA
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9
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Ru J, Wan S, Hui D, Song J, Wang J. Increased interannual precipitation variability enhances the carbon sink in a semiarid grassland. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Ru
- School of Life Sciences Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei University Baoding Hebei 071002 China
| | - Shiqiang Wan
- School of Life Sciences Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei University Baoding Hebei 071002 China
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences Tennessee State University Nashville Tennessee 37209 USA
| | - Jian Song
- School of Life Sciences Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei University Baoding Hebei 071002 China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Life Sciences Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei University Baoding Hebei 071002 China
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10
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OUP accepted manuscript. Bioscience 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Maron JL, Lightfoot DC, Rodriguez‐Cabal MA, Collins SL, Rudgers JA. Climate mediates long‐term impacts of rodent exclusion on desert plant communities. ECOL MONOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John L. Maron
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - David C. Lightfoot
- Museum of Southwestern Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
| | - Mariano A. Rodriguez‐Cabal
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones INIBIOMA ‐ CONICET Universidad Nacional del Comahue Av. de los Pioneros 2350 CP. 8400 Bariloche, Rio Negro Argentina
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont Burlington Vermont 05405 USA
| | - Scott L. Collins
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
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12
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Ladwig LM, Bell-Dereske LP, Bell KC, Collins SL, Natvig DO, Taylor DL. Soil fungal composition changes with shrub encroachment in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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Hou E, Litvak ME, Rudgers JA, Jiang L, Collins SL, Pockman WT, Hui D, Niu S, Luo Y. Divergent responses of primary production to increasing precipitation variability in global drylands. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5225-5237. [PMID: 34260799 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Interannual variability in precipitation has increased globally as climate warming intensifies. The increased variability impacts both terrestrial plant production and carbon (C) sequestration. However, mechanisms driving these changes are largely unknown. Here, we examined mechanisms underlying the response of aboveground net primary production (ANPP) to interannual precipitation variability in global drylands with mean annual precipitation (MAP) <500 mm year-1 , using a combined approach of data synthesis and process-based modeling. We found a hump-shaped response of ANPP to precipitation variability along the MAP gradient. The response was positive when MAP < ~300 mm year-1 and negative when MAP was higher than this threshold, with a positive peak at 140 mm year-1 . Transpiration and subsoil water content mirrored the response of ANPP to precipitation variability; evaporation responded negatively and water loss through runoff and drainage responded positively to precipitation variability. Mean annual temperature, soil type, and plant physiological traits all altered the magnitude but not the pattern of the response of ANPP to precipitation variability along the MAP gradient. By extrapolating to global drylands (<500 mm year-1 MAP), we estimated that ANPP would increase by 15.2 ± 6.0 Tg C year-1 in arid and hyper-arid lands and decrease by 2.1 ± 0.5 Tg C year-1 in dry sub-humid lands under future changes in interannual precipitation variability. Thus, increases in precipitation variability will enhance primary production in many drylands in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enqing Hou
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Marcy E Litvak
- Department of Biology, MSC03-2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jennifer A Rudgers
- Department of Biology, MSC03-2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Lifen Jiang
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Scott L Collins
- Department of Biology, MSC03-2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - William T Pockman
- Department of Biology, MSC03-2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
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14
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Cárdenas PA, Christensen E, Ernest SKM, Lightfoot DC, Schooley RL, Stapp P, Rudgers JA. Declines in rodent abundance and diversity track regional climate variability in North American drylands. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4005-4023. [PMID: 33942467 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Regional long-term monitoring can enhance the detection of biodiversity declines associated with climate change, improving future projections by reducing reliance on space-for-time substitution and increasing scalability. Rodents are diverse and important consumers in drylands, regions defined by the scarcity of water that cover 45% of Earth's land surface and face increasingly drier and more variable climates. We analyzed abundance data for 22 rodent species across grassland, shrubland, ecotone, and woodland ecosystems in the southwestern USA. Two time series (1995-2006 and 2004-2013) coincided with phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), which influences drought in southwestern North America. Regionally, rodent species diversity declined 20%-35%, with greater losses during the later time period. Abundance also declined regionally, but only during 2004-2013, with losses of 5% of animals captured. During the first time series (wetter climate), plant productivity outranked climate variables as the best regional predictor of rodent abundance for 70% of taxa, whereas during the second period (drier climate), climate best explained variation in abundance for 60% of taxa. Temporal dynamics in diversity and abundance differed spatially among ecosystems, with the largest declines in woodlands and shrublands of central New Mexico and Colorado. Which species were winners or losers under increasing drought and amplified interannual variability in drought depended on ecosystem type and the phase of the PDO. Fewer taxa were significant winners (18%) than losers (30%) under drought, but the identities of winners and losers differed among ecosystems for 70% of taxa. Our results suggest that the sensitivities of rodent species to climate contributed to regional declines in diversity and abundance during 1995-2013. Whether these changes portend future declines in drought-sensitive consumers in the southwestern USA will depend on the climate during the next major PDO cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Cárdenas
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Erica Christensen
- Jornada Experimental Range, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - S K Morgan Ernest
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David C Lightfoot
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Robert L Schooley
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Paul Stapp
- Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA
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15
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Manlick PJ, Maldonado K, Newsome SD. Competition shapes individual foraging and survival in a desert rodent ensemble. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:2806-2818. [PMID: 34453850 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecific variation, including individual diet variation, can structure populations and communities, but the causes and consequences of individual foraging strategies are often unclear. Interactions between competition and resources are thought to dictate foraging strategies (e.g. specialization vs. generalization), but classical paradigms such as optimal foraging and niche theory offer contrasting predictions for individual consumers. Furthermore, both paradigms assume that individual foraging strategies maximize fitness, yet this prediction is rarely tested. We used repeated stable isotope measurements (δ13 C, δ15 N; N = 3,509) and 6 years of capture-mark-recapture data to quantify the relationship between environmental variation, individual foraging and consumer fitness among four species of desert rodents. We tested the relative effects of intraspecific competition, interspecific competition, resource abundance and resource diversity on the foraging strategies of 349 individual animals, and then quantified apparent survival as function of individual foraging strategies. Consistent with niche theory, individuals contracted their trophic niches and increased foraging specialization in response to both intraspecific and interspecific competition, but this effect was offset by resource availability and individuals generalized when plant biomass was high. Nevertheless, individual specialists obtained no apparent fitness benefit from trophic niche contractions as the most specialized individuals exhibited a 10% reduction in monthly survival compared to the most generalized individuals. Ultimately, this resulted in annual survival probabilities nearly 4× higher for generalists compared to specialists. These results indicate that competition is the proximate driver of individual foraging strategies, and that diet-mediated fitness variation regulates population and community dynamics in stochastic resource environments. Furthermore, our findings show dietary generalism is a fitness maximizing strategy, suggesting that plastic foraging strategies may play a key role in species' ability to cope with environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Manlick
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Karin Maldonado
- Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Peñalolén, Chile
| | - Seth D Newsome
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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16
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Identifying the spatial drivers of net primary productivity: A case study in the Bailong River Basin, China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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17
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Croy JR, Pratt JD, Sheng D, Mooney KA. Climatic displacement exacerbates the negative impact of drought on plant performance and associated arthropod abundance. Ecology 2021; 102:e03462. [PMID: 34236699 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is acting on species and modifying communities and ecosystems through changes not only with respect to mean abiotic conditions, but also through increases in the frequency and severity of extreme events. Changes in mean aridity associated with climate change can generate ecotype by environment mismatch (i.e., climatic displacement). At the same time, variability around these shifting means is predicted to increase, resulting in more extreme droughts. We characterized the effects of two axes of climate change, climatic displacement and drought, on the shrub Artemisia californica and its arthropods. We established common gardens of plants sourced along an aridity gradient (3.5-fold variation in mean annual precipitation) in an arid region of the species distribution, thus generating a gradient of climatic displacement (sustained increase in aridity) as predicted with climate change. We surveyed plants and arthropods over eight years where precipitation varied sixfold, including both extreme drought and relatively mesic conditions. These two axes of climate change interacted to influence plant performance, such that climatically displaced populations grew slowly regardless of drought and suffered substantial mortality during drought years. Conversely, local populations grew quickly, increased growth during wet years, and had low mortality regardless of drought. Effects on plant annual arthropod yield were negative and additive, with drought effects exceeding that of climatic displacement by 24%. However, for plant lifetime arthropod yield, incorporating effects on both plant growth and survival, climatic displacement exacerbated the negative effects of drought. Collectively these results demonstrate how climatic displacement (through increasing aridity stress) strengthens the negative effects of drought on plants and, indirectly, on arthropods, suggesting the possibility of climate-mediated trophic collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Croy
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Jessica D Pratt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Daniel Sheng
- Forestry Division of the County of Los Angeles Fire Department, Los Angeles, California, 91773, USA
| | - Kailen A Mooney
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
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18
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Zinnert JC, Nippert JB, Rudgers JA, Pennings SC, González G, Alber M, Baer SG, Blair JM, Burd A, Collins SL, Craft C, Di Iorio D, Dodds WK, Groffman PM, Herbert E, Hladik C, Li F, Litvak ME, Newsome S, O’Donnell J, Pockman WT, Schalles J, Young DR. State changes: insights from the U.S. Long Term Ecological Research Network. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julie C. Zinnert
- Department of Biology Virginia Commonwealth University 1000 West Cary Street Richmond Virginia23284USA
| | - Jesse B. Nippert
- Division of Biology Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas66506USA
| | - Jennifer A. Rudgers
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico87131USA
| | - Steven C. Pennings
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Houston Houston Texas77204USA
| | - Grizelle González
- International Institute of Tropical Forestry United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Jardín Botánico Sur, 1201 Ceiba St.‐Río Piedras San Juan00926Puerto Rico
| | - Merryl Alber
- Department of Marine Sciences University of Georgia Athens Georgia30602USA
| | - Sara G. Baer
- Kansas Biological Survey and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas66047USA
| | - John M. Blair
- Division of Biology Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas66506USA
| | - Adrian Burd
- Department of Marine Sciences University of Georgia Athens Georgia30602USA
| | - Scott L. Collins
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico87131USA
| | - Christopher Craft
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs Indiana University Bloomington Indiana47405USA
| | - Daniela Di Iorio
- Department of Marine Sciences University of Georgia Athens Georgia30602USA
| | - Walter K. Dodds
- Division of Biology Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas66506USA
| | - Peter M. Groffman
- City University of New York Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center New York New York10031USA
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook New York12545USA
| | | | - Christine Hladik
- Department of Geology and Geography Georgia Southern University Statesboro Georgia30460USA
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Houston Houston Texas77204USA
| | - Marcy E. Litvak
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico87131USA
| | - Seth Newsome
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico87131USA
| | - John O’Donnell
- Department of Biology Creighton University Omaha Nebraska68178USA
| | - William T. Pockman
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico87131USA
| | - John Schalles
- Department of Biology Creighton University Omaha Nebraska68178USA
| | - Donald R. Young
- Department of Biology Virginia Commonwealth University 1000 West Cary Street Richmond Virginia23284USA
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19
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Ma M, Collins SL, Ratajczak Z, Du G. Soil Seed Banks, Alternative Stable State Theory, and Ecosystem Resilience. Bioscience 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In restoration ecology, the transition from desired to degraded state is based solely on the composition of the aboveground plant community, whereas belowground propagules are often neglected. We developed a conceptual framework integrating seed bank dynamics into alternative stable state theory, highlighting the important relationship between aboveground and belowground composition. This integration emphasizes the role of resilience in systems that appear to have shifted to an “undesirable” state. Belowground propagules, especially soil seed and bud banks, provide buffering capacity and may serve as valuable indicators of potential resistance to state transition based on the degree of similarity between belowground and aboveground vegetation composition. Ecosystem states may have multiple components that differ in their rate of change, as well as in their capacity to promote resilience. We recommend that the application of alternative stable state theory from a management perspective should incorporate components of both above- and belowground vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaojun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Scott L Collins
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Zak Ratajczak
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States
| | - Guozhen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
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20
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He L, Li ZL, Wang X, Xie Y, Ye JS. Lagged precipitation effect on plant productivity is influenced collectively by climate and edaphic factors in drylands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142506. [PMID: 33035982 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lagged precipitation effect explains a large proportion of annual aboveground net primary productivity in some dryland ecosystems. Using satellite-derived plant productivity and precipitation datasets in the Northern Hemisphere drylands during 2000-2018, we identify 1111 pixels mainly located in the Tibetan Plateau, the western US, and Kazakhstan where productivities are significantly correlated with previous-year precipitation (hereafter, the lagged type). Differences in climatic and edaphic factors between the lagged and unlagged (pixels where productivities are not correlated with previous-year precipitation) types are evaluated. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance shows that the two types differ significantly regarding six climatic and edaphic factors. Compared to unlagged type, water availability, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, field capacity, silt content and radiation are more sensitive to changes in precipitation in lagged type. Water availability is the most important factor for distinguishing the two types, followed by soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, field capacity, soil texture, and radiation. Our study suggests that the altered sensitivities of several climatic and edaphic factors to precipitation collectively affect the lagged effect of precipitation on productivity in drylands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- College of Earth and Environment Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; ICube Laboratory (UMR 7357), CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 300 bd Sébastien Brant, CS 10413, F-67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Zhao-Liang Li
- ICube Laboratory (UMR 7357), CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 300 bd Sébastien Brant, CS 10413, F-67412 Illkirch, France; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xunming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yaowen Xie
- College of Earth and Environment Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jian-Sheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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21
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Zampieri M. Reconciling the ecological and engineering definitions of resilience. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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22
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Carrying Capacity of Spatially Distributed Metapopulations. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:164-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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Rudgers JA, Afkhami ME, Bell-Dereske L, Chung YA, Crawford KM, Kivlin SN, Mann MA, Nuñez MA. Climate Disruption of Plant-Microbe Interactions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011720-090819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between plants and microbes have important influences on evolutionary processes, population dynamics, community structure, and ecosystem function. We review the literature to document how climate change may disrupt these ecological interactions and develop a conceptual framework to integrate the pathways of plant-microbe responses to climate over different scales in space and time. We then create a blueprint to aid generalization that categorizes climate effects into changes in the context dependency of plant-microbe pairs, temporal mismatches and altered feedbacks over time, or spatial mismatches that accompany species range shifts. We pair a new graphical model of how plant-microbe interactions influence resistance to climate change with a statistical approach to predictthe consequences of increasing variability in climate. Finally, we suggest pathways through which plant-microbe interactions can affect resilience during recovery from climate disruption. Throughout, we take a forward-looking perspective, highlighting knowledge gaps and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Rudgers
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA;,
| | - Michelle E. Afkhami
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33157, USA
| | - Lukas Bell-Dereske
- Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, Michigan 49060, USA
| | - Y. Anny Chung
- Departments of Plant Biology and Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Kerri M. Crawford
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Stephanie N. Kivlin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Michael A. Mann
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA;,
| | - Martin A. Nuñez
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente, CONICET/Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche 8400, Argentina
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24
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Avolio ML, Wilcox KR, Komatsu KJ, Lemoine N, Bowman WD, Collins SL, Knapp AK, Koerner SE, Smith MD, Baer SG, Gross KL, Isbell F, McLaren J, Reich PB, Suding KN, Suttle KB, Tilman D, Xu Z, Yu Q. Temporal variability in production is not consistently affected by global change drivers across herbaceous-dominated ecosystems. Oecologia 2020; 194:735-744. [PMID: 33130915 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how global change drivers (GCDs) affect aboveground net primary production (ANPP) through time is essential to predicting the reliability and maintenance of ecosystem function and services in the future. While GCDs, such as drought, warming and elevated nutrients, are known to affect mean ANPP, less is known about how they affect inter-annual variability in ANPP. We examined 27 global change experiments located in 11 different herbaceous ecosystems that varied in both abiotic and biotic conditions, to investigate changes in the mean and temporal variability of ANPP (measured as the coefficient of variation) in response to different GCD manipulations, including resource additions, warming, and irrigation. From this comprehensive data synthesis, we found that GCD treatments increased mean ANPP. However, GCD manipulations both increased and decreased temporal variability of ANPP (24% of comparisons), with no net effect overall. These inconsistent effects on temporal variation in ANPP can, in part, be attributed to site characteristics, such as mean annual precipitation and temperature as well as plant community evenness. For example, decreases in temporal variability in ANPP with the GCD treatments occurred in wetter and warmer sites with lower plant community evenness. Further, the addition of several nutrients simultaneously increased the sensitivity of ANPP to interannual variation in precipitation. Based on this analysis, we expect that GCDs will likely affect the magnitude more than the reliability over time of ecosystem production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L Avolio
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
| | - Kevin R Wilcox
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Kimberly J Komatsu
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| | - Nathan Lemoine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.,Department of Zoology, Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - William D Bowman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Scott L Collins
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Alan K Knapp
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Sally E Koerner
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Melinda D Smith
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Sara G Baer
- Kansas Biological Survey and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Katherine L Gross
- WK Kellogg Biological Station and Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, 49060, USA
| | - Forest Isbell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Jennie McLaren
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Tx, 79968, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Katharine N Suding
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | | | - David Tilman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Zhuwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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25
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Wood LK, Hays S, Zinnert JC. Decreased temperature variance associated with biotic composition enhances coastal shrub encroachment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8210. [PMID: 32427910 PMCID: PMC7237465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Regime shift from grasslands to shrub-dominated landscapes occur worldwide driven by altered land-use and climate change, affecting landscape function, biodiversity, and productivity. Warming winter temperatures are a main driver of expansion of the native, evergreen shrub, Morella cerifera, in coastal landscapes. Shrub establishment in these habitats alters microclimate, but little is known about seasonal differences and microclimate variance. We assessed influence of shrubs on microclimate variance, community composition, and community physiological functioning across three vegetation zones: grass, transitional, and shrub in a coastal grassland. Using a novel application of a time-series analysis, we interpret microclimatic variance modification and elucidate mechanisms of shrub encroachment at the Virginia Coast Reserve, Long-Term Ecological Research site. As shrub thickets form, diversity is reduced with little grass/forb cover, while transpiration and annual productivity increase. Shrub thickets significantly reduced temperature variance with a positive influence of one day on the next in maximum air, minimum air, and maximum ground temperature. We also show that microclimatic temperature moderation reduces summer extreme temperatures in transition areas, even before coalescence into full thickets. Encroachment of Morella cerifera on the Virginia barrier islands is driven by reduced local exposure to cold temperatures and enhanced by abiotic microclimatic modification and biotic physiological functioning. This shift in plant community composition from grassland to shrub thicket alters the role of barrier islands in productivity and can have impacts on the natural resilience of the islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Wood
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1000 West Cary St, Richmond, VA, 23225, USA.,Integrative Life Sciences Doctoral Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1000 West Cary St, Richmond, VA, 23225, USA
| | - Spencer Hays
- Department of Statistics, Indiana University, 919 E. 10th St, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA
| | - Julie C Zinnert
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1000 West Cary St, Richmond, VA, 23225, USA.
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26
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Teng M, Zeng L, Hu W, Wang P, Yan Z, He W, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Xiao W. The impacts of climate changes and human activities on net primary productivity vary across an ecotone zone in Northwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136691. [PMID: 31978773 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The variations in net primary productivity (NPP) and its controls are critical to understand the mechanisms that maintain ecosystem services under ongoing climate change and human activities. However, such knowledge is still incomplete in ecotone areas where plant species may reach their physiological thresholds. Our study quantified the variations in NPP and its controls resulting from interannual climate variations and human activities in the Qilian Mountain region (QLMR), an ecotone zone in central Asia. To achieve this goal, three indexes, including actual NPP (ANPP), potential NPP (PNPP), and human-induced NPP (HNPP), and their variations during 2001-2012 were estimated by combining the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford approach and a residual trend method. The results showed that the average PNPP, HNPP and ANPP values across the whole QLMR increased at rates of 4.71, 3.08, and 1.63 g C m-2 yr-1, respectively. The ANPP increased in 66.8% of the area during 2001-2012. The impacts of climate variations and human activities on NPP varied across the ecotone zone, vegetation types and altitudinal gradient. Climate-derived impacts caused the ANPP to increase in over 53% of the area in all vegetation ecosystems except forests. Climate variations were expected to account for most of the changes in ANPP in high-altitude zones (above 3500 m), while the impacts of human activities on ANPP were concentrated mainly in mid- and low-elevation zones. Our results suggest that increasing precipitation is a dominant factor underlying the increase in ANPP in such semiarid regions, while human activity is the primary reason for declines in NPP even if there is vegetation restoration. To improve the functions of vegetation ecosystems in such ecotones, a holistic strategy that combines spatially distinct measures is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Teng
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lixiong Zeng
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wenjie Hu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhaogui Yan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Wei He
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhilin Huang
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wenfa Xiao
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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CAM plant expansion favored indirectly by asymmetric climate warming and increased rainfall variability. Oecologia 2020; 193:1-13. [PMID: 32076818 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04624-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent observational evidence suggests that nighttime temperatures are increasing faster than daytime temperatures, while in some regions precipitation events are becoming less frequent and more intense. The combined ecological impacts of these climatic changes on crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants and their interactions with other functional groups (i.e., grass communities) remain poorly understood. Here we developed a growth chamber experiment to investigate how two CAM-grass communities in desert ecosystems of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico respond to asymmetric warming and increasing rainfall variability. Grasses generally showed competitive advantages over CAM plants with increasing rainfall variability under ambient temperature conditions. In contrast, asymmetric warming caused mortality of both grass species (Bouteloua eriopoda and Bouteloua curtipendula) in both rainfall treatments due to enhanced drought stress. Grass mortality indirectly favored CAM plants even though the biomass of both CAM species Cylindropuntia imbricata and Opuntia phaeacantha significantly decreased. The stem's volume-to-surface ratio of C. imbricata was significantly higher in mixture than in monoculture under ambient temperature (both P < 0.0014); however, the difference became insignificant under asymmetric warming (both P > 0.1625), suggesting that warming weakens the negative effects of interspecific competition on CAM plant growth. Our findings suggest that while the increase in intra-annual rainfall variability enhances grass productivity, asymmetric warming may lead to grass mortality, thereby indirectly favoring the expansion of co-existing CAM plants. This study provides novel experimental evidence showing how the ongoing changes in global warming and rainfall variability affect CAM-grass growth and interactions in dryland ecosystems.
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Predicting changes in bee assemblages following state transitions at North American dryland ecotones. Sci Rep 2020; 10:708. [PMID: 31959812 PMCID: PMC6971228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drylands worldwide are experiencing ecosystem state transitions: the expansion of some ecosystem types at the expense of others. Bees in drylands are particularly abundant and diverse, with potential for large compositional differences and seasonal turnover across ecotones. To better understand how future ecosystem state transitions may influence bees, we compared bee assemblages and their seasonality among sites at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (NM, USA) that represent three dryland ecosystem types (and two ecotones) of the southwestern U.S. (Plains grassland, Chihuahuan Desert grassland, and Chihuahuan Desert shrubland). Using passive traps, we caught bees during two-week intervals from March–October, 2002–2014. The resulting dataset included 302 bee species and 56 genera. Bee abundance, composition, and diversity differed among ecosystems, indicating that future state transitions could alter bee assemblage composition in our system. We found strong seasonal bee species turnover, suggesting that bee phenological shifts may accompany state transitions. Common species drove the observed trends, and both specialist and generalist bee species were indicators of ecosystem types or months; these species could be sentinels of community-wide responses to future shifts. Our work suggests that predicting the consequences of global change for bee assemblages requires accounting for both within-year and among-ecosystem variation.
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Maurer GE, Hallmark AJ, Brown RF, Sala OE, Collins SL. Sensitivity of primary production to precipitation across the United States. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:527-536. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory E. Maurer
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | | | - Renée F. Brown
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
| | - Osvaldo E. Sala
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA
- School of Sustainability Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA
- Global Drylands Center Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Scott L. Collins
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
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Xu K, He L, Hu H, Wang Z, Lin M, Liu S, Du Y, Li Y, Wang G. Indirect effects of water availability in driving and predicting productivity in the Gobi desert. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:133952. [PMID: 31487587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Climate is the fundamental determinant of plant metabolism and net primary productivity (NPP). However, whether climate drives NPP directly or indirectly is not well understand. The Gobi desert across a precipitation gradient in the arid zone provides an ideal naturally-controlled platform for studying the precipitation-productivity relationships. We conducted 3-year experiments in four Gobi desert shrublands across an aridity gradient in Gansu Province of China to test the relationship between water availability and shrub productivity as well as the relative importance of the possible factors driving productivity (using piecewise structural equation modeling) and to explore the appropriate variables for predicting productivity (using three spatial models). The results showed that water availability indirectly affected the NPP via stand biomass, while stand biomass had a significant direct effect on NPP regardless of whether the leaf water content and stand height were considered. The model based on stand size (71.6%) and the model that contained both stand size and water availability (72.3%) explained more of the variation in the water-NPP relationships than the model based on water availability (37.3%). Our findings suggest that even in extremely water-limited areas, the effects of water availability on plant growth and the kinetics of plant metabolism could be indirect via plant size, demonstrating the importance of plant size as an indicator of shrub productivity. This study explains the mechanisms underlying the NPP driving pattern and proposes a practical NPP model for arid ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lingchao He
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hanjian Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Maozi Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control System for Coastal Basin Environment, Fujian Province University (Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University), Fuqing 350300, China
| | - Shun Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuanyuan Du
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Genxuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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31
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Yang B, Gong J, Zhang Z, Wang B, Zhu C, Shi J, Liu M, Liu Y, Li X. Stabilization of carbon sequestration in a Chinese desert steppe benefits from increased temperatures and from precipitation outside the growing season. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:263-277. [PMID: 31323572 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The carbon (C) dynamics of desert steppes play an important role in the C budget of temperate steppes. Using the Terrestrial Ecosystem Regional model (TECO-R) model for desert steppes, we examined the dynamics and potential driving mechanisms for C stocks at different temporal and spatial scales from 2000 to 2017 in northern China. The ecosystem C density averaged 2.73 kg C m-2 and soil organic C accounted for 91.6%. The grassland biome stored 2.85 kg C m-2, which is higher than the shrub biome (2.19 kg C m-2). The ecosystem storage increased by an average of 27.75 g C m-2 yr-1, with the fastest increase in the southeastern part of the study area. The grassland biome storage increased by an average of 33.54 g C m-2 yr-1, versus 25.74 g C m-2 yr-1 for the shrub biome. The desert steppe C stock totaled 288.29 Tg C, and increased at 3.09 Tg C yr-1. An average of >45% of the aboveground biomass was browsed by livestock. The growing season precipitation was significantly positively correlated with changes in the C stock. Increasing temperature was negatively correlated with the C stock, especially for soil carbon. Precipitation was an important driving factor, but warming interacted with precipitation to affect C sequestration during the growing season. Outside the growing season, the increased precipitation and temperature stabilized C sequestration in the desert steppe. This improved understanding of feedbacks between the desert steppe's C cycle and climate will improve predictions of C dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems and of the impacts of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jirui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zihe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Biao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiayu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Rudgers JA, Hallmark A, Baker SR, Baur L, Hall KM, Litvak ME, Muldavin EH, Pockman WT, Whitney KD. Sensitivity of dryland plant allometry to climate. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alesia Hallmark
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA
| | | | - Lauren Baur
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA
| | | | - Marcy E. Litvak
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA
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33
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Ge J, Berg B, Xie Z. Climatic seasonality is linked to the occurrence of the mixed evergreen and deciduous broad‐leaved forests in China. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jielin Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 20 Nanxincun Xiangshan Beijing 100093 China
| | - Björn Berg
- Section of Biology University of Gävle Gavle SE‐80176 Sweden
- Department of Forest Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Zongqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 20 Nanxincun Xiangshan Beijing 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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Li L, Zhang Y, Wu J, Li S, Zhang B, Zu J, Zhang H, Ding M, Paudel B. Increasing sensitivity of alpine grasslands to climate variability along an elevational gradient on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 678:21-29. [PMID: 31075588 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring and mapping the sensitivity of grassland ecosystems to climate change is crucial for developing sustainable local grassland management strategies. The sensitivity of alpine grasslands to climate change is considered to be high on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), yet little is known about its spatial pattern, and particularly the variations between different elevations. Here, based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and three climate variables (air temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation), we modified a vegetation sensitivity index-approach to capture the relative sensitivity of alpine grassland productivity to climate variability on the QTP during 2000-2016. The results show that alpine grasslands on the southern QTP are more sensitive to climate variability overall, and that the climate factors driving alpine grassland dynamics are spatially heterogeneous. Alpine grasslands on the southern QTP are more sensitive to temperature variability, those on the northeastern QTP display strong responses to precipitation variability, and those on the central QTP are primarily influenced by a combination of radiation and temperature variability. The sensitivity of alpine grasslands to climate variability increases significantly along an elevational gradient, especially to temperature variability. This study underscores that alpine grasslands at higher elevations on the QTP are more sensitive to climate variability than those at lower elevations at the regional scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS, Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jianshuang Wu
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Biodiversity/Theoretical Ecology, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Shicheng Li
- School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Binghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaxing Zu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huamin Zhang
- Key Lab of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research of Ministry of Education, School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330028, China
| | - Mingjun Ding
- Key Lab of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research of Ministry of Education, School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330028, China
| | - Basanta Paudel
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
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35
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Foraging strategies of individual silky pocket mice over a boom-bust cycle in a stochastic dryland ecosystem. Oecologia 2019; 190:569-578. [PMID: 31190119 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Small mammals use multiple foraging strategies to compensate for fluctuating resource quality in stochastic environments. These strategies may lead to increased dietary overlap when competition for resources is strong. To quantify temporal contributions of high (C3) versus low quality (C4) resources in diets of silky pocket mice (Perognathus flavus), we used stable carbon isotope (δ13C) analysis of 1391 plasma samples collected over 2 years. Of these, 695 samples were from 170 individuals sampled ≥ 3 times across seasons or years, allowing us to assess changes in dietary breadth at the population and individual levels across a boom-bust population cycle. In 2014, the P. flavus population increased to 412 captures compared to 8 captures in prior and subsequent years, while populations of co-occurring small mammals remained stable. As intraspecific competition increased, the population-wide dietary niche of P. flavus did not change, but individual specialization increased significantly. During this period, ~ 27% (41/151) of individuals sampled specialized on C3 resources, which were abundant during the spring and previous fall seasons. Most of the remaining individuals were C3-C4 generalists (64%) (96/151), and only 9% (14/151) specialized on C4 resources. In 2015, P. flavus population density and resource availability declined, individual dietary breadth expanded (84% generalists), no C3 specialists were found, and specialization on C4 resources increased (16%). Our results demonstrate a high degree of inter-individual plasticity in P. flavus foraging strategies, which has implications for how this species will respond to environmental change that is predicted to decrease C3 resources in the future.
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36
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Chung YA, Collins SL, Rudgers JA. Connecting plant–soil feedbacks to long‐term stability in a desert grassland. Ecology 2019; 100:e02756. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Anny Chung
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico USA
- Departments of Plant Biology and Plant Pathology University of Georgia Athens Georgia 30602 USA
| | - Scott L. Collins
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico USA
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37
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Coupled Spatiotemporal Characterization of Monsoon Cloud Cover and Vegetation Phenology. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In monsoonal ecosystems, vegetation phenology is generally modulated by the timing and intensity of seasonal precipitation. Seasonal precipitation is often characterized by substantial interannual variability in both space and time. A rigorous quantitative understanding of the ecology of the landscape requires spatially explicit information regarding the strength of the relationship between seasonal precipitation and vegetation phenology, as well as the interannual variability of the system. For this information to be accurately estimated, it must be based on spatially and temporally consistent measurements. The optical satellite image archive can provide these measurements. Satellite imagery offers observations of both a) atmospheric parameters such as the timing and spatial extent of monsoon cloud cover; and, b) phenological parameters, such as the timing and spatial extent of vegetation green-up and senescence. This work presents a method to capture both atmospheric and phenological parameters from an optical image time series. The method uses Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis of a single spectral index for unified characterization of the spatiotemporal dynamics of both monsoon cloud cover and vegetation phenology. This is made possible by leveraging well-understood differences in the visible and near infrared reflectance of green vegetation, soil, and clouds. Image time series are transformed into a temporal feature space (TFS) that is comprised of low-order Principal Components. The structure of the temporal feature space reveals spatiotemporally distinct annual cycles of both cloud cover and vegetation phenology. In order to illustrate this technique, we apply it to the retrospective analysis of a seasonal cloud forest in the Dhofar Mountains of the southern Arabian Peninsula. Our results quantify known (but previously unmapped) local gradients in monsoon duration and vegetation community response. Individual ecological subsystems are also clearly distinguishable from each other, and consistent elevation gradients emerge within each subsystem. Novel observations also emerge, such as regreening/early greening events and spatial patterns in cloud duration. The method is conceptually straightforward and could be applied to characterize other monsoon environments anywhere on Earth.
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Yu K, D'Odorico P, Collins SL, Carr D, Porporato A, Anderegg WRL, Gilhooly WP, Wang L, Bhattachan A, Bartlett M, Hartzell S, Yin J, He Y, Li W, Tatlhego M, Fuentes JD. The competitive advantage of a constitutive CAM species over a C
4
grass species under drought and CO
2
enrichment. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kailiang Yu
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 22904 USA
| | - Paolo D'Odorico
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 22904 USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management University of California Berkeley California 94710 USA
| | - Scott L. Collins
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA
| | - David Carr
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 22904 USA
| | - Amilcare Porporato
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
| | | | - William P. Gilhooly
- Department of Earth Sciences Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) Indianapolis Indiana 46202 USA
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Earth Sciences Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) Indianapolis Indiana 46202 USA
| | - Abinash Bhattachan
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27607 USA
| | - Mark Bartlett
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
| | - Samantha Hartzell
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
| | - Yongli He
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 22904 USA
- Key Laboratory for Semi‐Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 22904 USA
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China
| | - Mokganedi Tatlhego
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 22904 USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management University of California Berkeley California 94710 USA
| | - Jose D. Fuentes
- Department of Meteorology Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA
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Experimental drought reduces genetic diversity in the grassland foundation species Bouteloua eriopoda. Oecologia 2019; 189:1107-1120. [PMID: 30850884 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the resistance and resilience of foundation plant species to climate change is a critical issue because the loss of these species would fundamentally reshape communities and ecosystem processes. High levels of population genetic diversity may buffer foundation species against climate disruptions, but the strong selective pressures associated with climatic shifts may also rapidly reduce such diversity. We characterized genetic diversity and its responsiveness to experimental drought in the foundation plant, black grama grass (Bouteloua eriopoda), which dominates many western North American grasslands and shrublands. Previous studies suggested that in arid ecosystems, black grama reproduces largely asexually via stolons, and thus is likely to have low genetic variability, which might limit its potential to respond to climate disruptions. Using genotyping-by-sequencing, we demonstrated unexpectedly high genetic variability among black grama plants in a 1 ha site within the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge in central New Mexico, suggesting some level of sexual reproduction. Three years of experimental, growing season drought reduced black grama survival and biomass (the latter by 96%), with clear genetic differentiation (higher FST) between plants succumbing to drought and those remaining alive. Reduced genetic variability in the surviving plants in drought plots indicated that the experimental drought had forced black grama populations through selection bottlenecks. These results suggest that foundation grass species, such as black grama, may experience rapid evolutionary change if future climates include more severe droughts.
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Whipple AV, Cobb NS, Gehring CA, Mopper S, Flores-Rentería L, Whitham TG. Long-Term Studies Reveal Differential Responses to Climate Change for Trees Under Soil- or Herbivore-Related Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:132. [PMID: 30833952 PMCID: PMC6387935 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, trees are confronting increased temperature and aridity, exacerbating susceptibility to herbivory. Long-term studies comparing patterns of plant performance through drought can help identify variation among and within populations in vulnerability to climate change and herbivory. We use long-term monitoring data to examine our overarching hypothesis that the negative impacts of poor soil and herbivore susceptibility would be compounded by severe drought. We studied pinyon pine, Pinus edulis, a widespread southwestern tree species that has suffered extensive climate-change related mortality. We analyzed data on mortality, growth, male reproduction, and herbivory collected for 14-32 years in three areas with distinct soil-types. We used standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI) as a climate proxy that summarizes the impacts of drought due to precipitation and temperature variation on semi-arid forests. Several key findings emerged: (1) Plant performance measurements did not support our hypothesis that trees growing in stressful, coarse-textured soils would suffer more than trees growing in finer-textured soils. Stem growth at the area with coarse, young cinder soils (area one) responded only weakly to drought, while stem growth on more developed soils with sedimentary (area two) and volcanic (area three) substrates, was strongly negatively affected by drought. Male reproduction declined less with drought at area one and more at areas two and three. Overall mortality was 30% on coarse cinder soils (area one) and averaged 55% on finer soil types (areas two and three). (2) Although moth herbivore susceptible trees were hypothesized to suffer more with drought than moth resistant trees, the opposite occurred. Annual stem growth was negatively affected by drought for moth resistant trees, but much less strongly for moth susceptible trees. (3) In contrast to our hypothesis, moths declined with drought. Overall, chronically water-stressed and herbivore-susceptible trees had smaller declines in performance relative to less-stressed trees during drought years. These long-term findings support the idea that stressed trees might be more resistant to drought since they may have adapted or acclimated to resist drought-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy V. Whipple
- Department of Biological Sciences, Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Neil S. Cobb
- Department of Biological Sciences, Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Catherine A. Gehring
- Department of Biological Sciences, Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Susan Mopper
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, United States
| | | | - Thomas G. Whitham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
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Felton AJ, Zavislan-Pullaro S, Smith MD. Semiarid ecosystem sensitivity to precipitation extremes: weak evidence for vegetation constraints. Ecology 2019; 100:e02572. [PMID: 30516267 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In semiarid regions, vegetation constraints on plant growth responses to precipitation (PPT) are hypothesized to place an upper limit on net primary productivity (NPP), leading to predictions of future shifts from currently defined linear to saturating NPP-PPT relationships as increases in both dry and wet PPT extremes occur. We experimentally tested this prediction by imposing a replicated gradient of growing season PPT (GSP, n = 11 levels, n = 4 replicates), ranging from the driest to wettest conditions in the 75-yr climate record, within a semiarid grassland. We focused on responses of two key ecosystem processes: aboveground NPP (ANPP) and soil respiration (Rs ). ANPP and Rs both exhibited greater relative responses to wet vs. dry GSP extremes, with a linear relationship consistently best explaining the response of both processes to GSP. However, this responsiveness to GSP peaked at moderate levels of extremity for both processes, and declined at the most extreme GSP levels, suggesting that greater sensitivity of ANPP and Rs to wet vs. dry conditions may diminish under increased magnitudes of GSP extremes. Underlying these responses was rapid plant compositional change driven by increased forb production and cover as GSP transitioned to extreme wet conditions. This compositional shift increased the magnitude of ANPP responses to wet GSP extremes, as well as the slope and variability explained in the ANPP-GSP relationship. Our findings suggest that rapid plant compositional change may act as a mediator of semiarid ecosystem responses to predicted changes in GSP extremes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Felton
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Sam Zavislan-Pullaro
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Melinda D Smith
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
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Gherardi LA, Sala OE. Effect of interannual precipitation variability on dryland productivity: A global synthesis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:269-276. [PMID: 30338886 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate-change assessments project increasing precipitation variability through increased frequency of extreme events. However, the effects of interannual precipitation variance per se on ecosystem functioning have been largely understudied. Here, we report on the effects of interannual precipitation variability on the primary production of global drylands, which include deserts, steppes, shrublands, grasslands, and prairies and cover about 40% of the terrestrial earth surface. We used a global database that has 43 datasets, which are uniformly distributed in parameter space and each has at least 10 years of data. We found (a) that at the global scale, precipitation variability has a negative effect on aboveground net primary production. (b) Expected increases in interannual precipitation variability for the year 2,100 may result in a decrease of up to 12% of the global terrestrial carbon sink. (c) The effect of precipitation interannual variability on dryland productivity changes from positive to negative along a precipitation gradient. Arid sites with mean precipitation under 300 mm/year responded positively to increases in precipitation variability, whereas sites with mean precipitation over 300 mm/year responded negatively. We propose three complementary mechanisms to explain this result: (a) concave-up and concave-down precipitation-production relationships in arid vs. humid systems, (b) shift in the distribution of water in the soil profile, and (c) altered frequency of positive and negative legacies. Our results demonstrated that enhanced precipitation variability will have direct impacts on global drylands that can potentially affect the future terrestrial carbon sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureano A Gherardi
- Global Drylands Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Osvaldo E Sala
- Global Drylands Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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Grass-Shrub Competition in Arid Lands: An Overlooked Driver in Grassland–Shrubland State Transition? Ecosystems 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-018-0290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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