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Nicolau-Neto P, Peryassú BC, de Carvalho FN, Souza-Santos PT, Valverde P, Nascimento CM, Costa I, Dias FL, Pinto LFR. ALCAM is a biomarker of tumor aggressiveness and worse prognosis in glottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2024; 46:785-796. [PMID: 38196304 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the second most frequent head and neck tumor. Prognosis of patients with LSCC has not improved in recent decades, showing a need for the identification of prognostic biomarkers and new therapeutic targets. Recently, we showed that ALCAM overexpression was associated with glottic LSCC prognosis. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS Aiming to validate the prognostic value of ALCAM, we evaluate the ALCAM protein levels by immunohistochemistry in 263 glottic LSCC surgically treated with neck dissection. RESULTS ALCAM was expressed in 48.7% and overexpressed in 36.5% of glottic LSCC samples. ALCAM overexpression was associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.030), lymphovascular involvement (p = 0.0002), high-grade tumors (p = 0.025), and tumor relapse (p = 0.043). Multivariate survival analyses showed an overfitting between ALCAM overexpression and lymph node metastasis as a prognostic variable. CONCLUSIONS High ALCAM expression was associated with an aggressive glottic LSCC profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Nicolau-Neto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Priscila Valverde
- Divisão de Patologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Izabella Costa
- Seção de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando L Dias
- Seção de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Wang Z, Xie C, Li Y, Wang B, Jian J, Lu Y, Xia L, Chang M. Characterization of CD166 from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) displays a broad pathogen recognition spectrum and involved the immune response to microbial aggression. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 134:108516. [PMID: 36603790 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CD166 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules, and its mediated adhesion plays a crucial role in different physiological and pathological phenomena, especially related to leukocyte extravasation, immune synapse stability, T cell activation and proliferation. In this study, CD166 was identified from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, OnCD166). OnCD166 contains an open reading frame of 1671 bp that encodes a peptide of 556 amino acids, and contains five consecutive extracellular immunoglobulin domains. It's tissue distribution and expression patterns after S. agalactiae challenge were also investigated. OnCD166 is widely distributed in various tissues of healthy tilapia. After Streptococcus agalactiae challenge, OnCD166 expressions were significantly up-regulated in all tested immune tissues. Meanwhile, the recombinant OnCD166 (rOnCD166E) protein showed strong agglutinating activities against both Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, rOnCD166E could promote phagocytosis of macrophages. Taken together, our results illustrated that OnCD166 might as a receptor involved in the immune recognition and phagocytosis against invading pathogen, which play important roles in the immune responses of Nile tilapia against bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Caixia Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Jichang Jian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yishan Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Liqun Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
| | - Mingxian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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Yang YM, Ye L, Ruge F, Fang Z, Ji K, Sanders AJ, Jia S, Hao C, Dou QP, Ji J, Jiang WG. Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM), a Potential 'Seed' and 'Soil' Receptor in the Peritoneal Metastasis of Gastrointestinal Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010876. [PMID: 36614319 PMCID: PMC9821744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM/CD166) is a cell-cell adhesion protein conferring heterotypic and homotypic interactions between cells of the same type and different types. It is aberrantly expressed in various cancer types and has been shown to be a regulator of cancer metastasis. In the present study, we investigated potential roles of ALCAM in the peritoneal transcoelomic metastasis in gastrointestinal cancers, a metastatic type commonly occurred in gastro-intestinal and gynaecological malignancies and resulting in poor clinical outcomes. Specifically, we studied whether ALCAM acts as both a 'seed' receptor in these tumour cells and a 'soil' receptor in peritoneal mesothelial cells during cancer metastasis. Gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer tissues with or without peritoneal metastasis were compared for their levels of ALCAM expression. The impact of ALCAM expression in these tumours was also correlated to the patients' clinical outcomes, namely peritoneal metastasis-free survival. In addition, cancer cells of gastric and pancreatic origins were used to create cell models with decreased or increased levels of ALCAM expression by genetic knocking down or overexpression, respectively. Human peritoneal mesothelial cells were also genetically transfected to generate cell models with different profiles of ALCAM expression. These cell models were used in the tumour-mesothelial interaction assay to assess if and how the interaction was influenced by ALCAM. Both gastric and pancreatic tumour tissues from patients who developed peritoneal metastases had higher levels of ALCAM transcript than those without. Patients who had tumours with high levels of ALCAM had a much shorter peritoneal metastasis free survival compared with those who had low ALCAM expression (p = 0.006). ALCAM knockdown of the mesothelial cell line MET5A rendered the cells with reduced interaction with both gastric cancer cells and pancreatic cancer cells. Likewise, levels of ALCAM in both human gastric and pancreatic cancer cells were also a determining factor for their adhesiveness to mesothelial cells, a process that was likely to be triggered the phosphorylation of the SRC kinase. A soluble ALCAM (sALCAM) was found to be able to inhibit the adhesiveness between cancer cells and mesothelial cells, mechanistically behaving like a SRC kinase inhibitor. ALCAM is an indicator of peritoneal metastasis in both gastric and pancreatic cancer patients. It acts as not only a potential peritoneal 'soil' receptor of tumour seeding but also a 'soil' receptor in peritoneal mesothelial cells during cancer metastasis. These findings have an important therapeutic implication for treating peritoneal transcoelomic metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ming Yang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Lin Ye
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Fiona Ruge
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Ziqian Fang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Ke Ji
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Andrew J. Sanders
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- School of Natural and Social Science, University of Gloucestershire, Francis Close Hall, Swindon Road, Cheltenham GL50 4AZ, UK
| | - Shuqin Jia
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Chunyi Hao
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Q. Ping Dou
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100089, China
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (W.G.J.)
| | - Wen G. Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (W.G.J.)
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Lin Z, Wu Z, Luo W. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy: The Light of Day for Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174469. [PMID: 34503279 PMCID: PMC8431424 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As a novel immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has achieved encouraging results in leukemia and lymphoma. Furthermore, CAR-T cells have been explored in the treatment of osteosarcoma (OS). However, there is no strong comprehensive evidence to support their efficacy. Therefore, we reviewed the current evidence on CAR-T cells for OS to demonstrate their feasibility and provide new options for the treatment of OS. Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor, arising mainly in children and adolescents. With the introduction of multiagent chemotherapy, the treatments of OS have remarkably improved, but the prognosis for patients with metastases is still poor, with a five-year survival rate of 20%. In addition, adverse effects brought by traditional treatments, including radical surgery and systemic chemotherapy, may seriously affect the survival quality of patients. Therefore, new treatments for OS await exploitation. As a novel immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has achieved encouraging results in treating cancer in recent years, especially in leukemia and lymphoma. Furthermore, researchers have recently focused on CAR-T therapy in solid tumors, including OS. In this review, we summarize the safety, specificity, and clinical transformation of the targets in treating OS and point out the direction for further research.
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Simões IT, Aranda F, Casadó-Llombart S, Velasco-de Andrés M, Català C, Álvarez P, Consuegra-Fernández M, Orta-Mascaró M, Merino R, Merino J, Alberola-Ila J, González-Aseguinolaza G, Carreras E, Martínez V, Lozano F. Multifaceted effects of soluble human CD6 in experimental cancer models. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2019-000172. [PMID: 32217757 PMCID: PMC7174071 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD6 is a lymphocyte surface co-receptor physically associated with the T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex at the center of the immunological synapse. There, CD6 assists in cell-to-cell contact stabilization and modulation of activation/differentiation events through interaction with CD166/ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule), its main reported ligand. While accumulating evidence is attracting new interest on targeting CD6 for therapeutic purposes in autoimmune disorders, little is known on its potential in cancer. In an attempt to elucidate the in vivo relevance of blocking CD6-mediated interactions in health and disease, we explored the consequences of expressing high circulating levels of a soluble form CD6 (sCD6) as a decoy receptor. Methods High sCD6 serum levels were achieved by using transgenic C57BL/6 mice expressing human sCD6 under the control of lymphoid-specific transcriptional elements (shCD6LckEμTg) or wild type either transduced with hepatotropic adeno-associated virus coding for mouse sCD6 or undergoing repeated infusions of recombinant human sCD6 protein. Characterization of sCD6-induced changes was performed by ex vivo flow cytometry and functional analyses of mouse lymphoid organ cells. The in vivo relevance of those changes was explored by challenging mice with subcutaneous or metastatic tumors induced by syngeneic cancer cells of different lineage origins. Results Through a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies, we show that circulating sCD6 expression induces defective regulatory T cell (Treg) generation and function, decreased CD166/ALCAM-mediated tumor cell proliferation/migration and impaired galectin-induced T-cell apoptosis, supporting the fact that sCD6 modulates antitumor lymphocyte effector function and tumorigenesis. Accordingly, sCD6 expression in vivo resulted in delayed subcutaneous tumor growth and/or reduced metastasis on challenge of mice with syngeneic cancer cells. Conclusions Evidence is provided for the disruption of CD6 receptor–ligand interactions as a feasible immunomodulatory approach in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês T Simões
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Sergi Casadó-Llombart
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - María Velasco-de Andrés
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Cristina Català
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Pilar Álvarez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Marta Consuegra-Fernández
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Marc Orta-Mascaró
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Ramón Merino
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, CSIC-UC, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Jesús Merino
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - José Alberola-Ila
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Esther Carreras
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Vanesa Martínez
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain .,Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei d'Immunologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Erbaba B, Burhan ÖP, Şerifoğlu N, Muratoğlu B, Kahveci F, Adams MM, Arslan-Ergül A. Zebrafish brain RNA sequencing reveals that cell adhesion molecules are critical in brain aging. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 94:164-175. [PMID: 32629311 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain aging is a complex process, which involves multiple pathways including various components from cellular to molecular. This study aimed to investigate the gene expression changes in zebrafish brains through young-adult to adult, and adult to old age. RNA sequencing was performed on isolated neuronal cells from zebrafish brains. The cells were enriched in progenitor cell markers, which are known to diminish throughout the aging process. We found 176 statistically significant, differentially expressed genes among the groups, and identified a group of genes based on gene ontology descriptions, which were classified as cell adhesion molecules. The relevance of these genes was further tested in another set of zebrafish brains, human healthy, and Alzheimer's disease brain samples, as well as in Allen Brain Atlas data. We observed that the expression change of 2 genes, GJC2 and ALCAM, during the aging process was consistent in all experimental sets. Our findings provide a new set of markers for healthy brain aging and suggest new targets for therapeutic approaches to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begün Erbaba
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; UNAM - National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özge Pelin Burhan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; UNAM - National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Naz Şerifoğlu
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; UNAM - National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Stem Cell Research and Application Center, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bihter Muratoğlu
- Stem Cell Research and Application Center, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Kahveci
- Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michelle M Adams
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; UNAM - National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; UMRAM, National Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayça Arslan-Ergül
- Stem Cell Research and Application Center, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Nicolau-Neto P, de Souza-Santos PT, Severo Ramundo M, Valverde P, Martins I, Costa Santos I, Dias F, de Almeida Simão T, Ribeiro Pinto LF. Transcriptome Analysis Identifies ALCAM Overexpression as a Prognosis Biomarker in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020470. [PMID: 32085563 PMCID: PMC7072229 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most incident tumors in the world, especially in developing countries, such as Brazil. Different from other tumors, LSCC prognosis did not improve during the past four decades. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop biomarkers that can predict LSCC patient's prognosis. RESULTS Transcriptome analysis pointed out 287 overexpressed genes in LSCC in comparison to adjacent mucosa. Among these, a gene-pattern signature was created with 24 genes associated with prognosis. The Bayesian clustering of both Brazil and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data pointed out clusters of samples possessing significative differences in the prognosis, and the expression panel of three genes (ALCAM, GBP6, and ME1) was capable to distinguish patients with worse prognosis with an accuracy of 97%. Survival analyses with TCGA data highlighted ALCAM gene expression as an independent prognostic factor for LSCC. This was further confirmed through immunohistochemistry, using a validation set of Brazilian patients. ALCAM expression was not associated with prognosis for other head and neck tumor sites. CONCLUSION ALCAM overexpression seems to be an independent prognosis biomarker for LSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Nicolau-Neto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer—INCA, Rua Andre Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20231-050, Brazil; (P.N.-N.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Paulo Thiago de Souza-Santos
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz—Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Mariana Severo Ramundo
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer—INCA, Rua Andre Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20231-050, Brazil; (P.N.-N.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Priscila Valverde
- Divisão de Patologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer—INCA, Rua Cordeiro da Graça, 156, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20220-400, Brazil; (P.V.); (I.M.)
| | - Ivanir Martins
- Divisão de Patologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer—INCA, Rua Cordeiro da Graça, 156, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20220-400, Brazil; (P.V.); (I.M.)
| | - Izabella Costa Santos
- Seção de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Instituto Nacional de Câncer—INCA, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20230130, Brazil; (I.C.S.); (F.D.)
| | - Fernando Dias
- Seção de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Instituto Nacional de Câncer—INCA, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20230130, Brazil; (I.C.S.); (F.D.)
| | - Tatiana de Almeida Simão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de Setembro 87, Fundos, Pavilhão Américo Piquet Carneiro-4º andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20551-030, Brazil;
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer—INCA, Rua Andre Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20231-050, Brazil; (P.N.-N.); (M.S.R.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de Setembro 87, Fundos, Pavilhão Américo Piquet Carneiro-4º andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 20551-030, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-3207-6598
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8
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Freitas RF, Basto A, Almeida SCP, Santos RF, Gonçalves CM, Corria-Osorio J, Carvalho T, Carmo AM, Oliveira VG, Leon K, Graca L. Modulation of CD4 T cell function via CD6-targeting. EBioMedicine 2019; 47:427-435. [PMID: 31481324 PMCID: PMC6796521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years molecules involved on the immune synapse became successful targets for therapeutic immune modulation. CD6 has been extensively studied, yet, results regarding CD6 biology have been controversial, in spite of the ubiquitous presence of this molecule on virtually all CD4 T cells. We investigated the outcome of murine and human antibodies targeting CD6 domain 1. We found that CD6-targeting had a major impact on the functional specialization of CD4 cells, both human and murine. Differentiation of CD4 T cells towards a Foxp3+ Treg fate was prevented with increasing doses of anti-CD6, while Th1 polarization was favoured. No impact was observed on Th2 or Th17 specialization. These in vitro results provided an explanation for the dose-dependent outcome of in vivo anti-CD6 administration where the anti-inflammatory action is lost at the highest doses. Our data show that therapeutic targeting of the immune synapse may lead to paradoxical dose-dependent effects due to modification of T cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Filipa Freitas
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Afonso Basto
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Silvia C P Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rita F Santos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal; Programa Doutoral em Biologia Molecular e Celular (MCbiology), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Carine M Gonçalves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Tânia Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandre M Carmo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa G Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Kalet Leon
- Centro de Inmunologia Molecular, Havana, Cuba
| | - Luis Graca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.
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9
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Kim MN, Hong JY, Shim DH, Sol IS, Kim YS, Lee JH, Kim KW, Lee JM, Sohn MH. Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule Stimulates the T-Cell Response in Allergic Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 197:994-1008. [PMID: 29394080 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201703-0532oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) is a cluster of differentiation 6 ligand that is important for stabilizing the immunological synapse and inducing T-cell activation and proliferation. OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated the role of ALCAM in the development of inflammation in allergic asthma. METHODS An ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma model was established in wild-type (WT) and ALCAM-deficient (ALCAM-/-) mice. T-cell proliferation was evaluated in cocultures with dendritic cells (DCs). Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from WT and ALCAM-/- mice were cultured and adoptively transferred to OT-II mice for either OVA sensitization or challenge. An anti-ALCAM antibody was administered to assess its therapeutic potential. ALCAM concentrations in the sputum and serum of children with asthma were quantified by ELISA. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Inflammatory responses were lower in ALCAM-/- mice than in WT mice, and T cells cocultured with DCs from ALCAM-/- mice showed reduced proliferation relative to those cocultured with DCs from WT mice. A decreased inflammatory response was observed upon adoptive transfer of BMDCs from ALCAM-/- mice as compared with that observed after transfer of BMDCs from WT mice. In addition, anti-ALCAM antibody-treated mice showed a reduced inflammatory response, and sputum and serum ALCAM concentrations were higher in children with asthma than in control subjects. CONCLUSIONS ALCAM contributes to OVA-induced allergic asthma by stimulating T-cell activation and proliferation, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Na Kim
- 1 Department of Pediatrics.,2 Institute of Allergy.,3 Severance Hospital.,4 Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, and
| | - Jung Yeon Hong
- 1 Department of Pediatrics.,2 Institute of Allergy.,3 Severance Hospital.,4 Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, and
| | - Doo Hee Shim
- 5 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
| | - In Suk Sol
- 1 Department of Pediatrics.,2 Institute of Allergy.,3 Severance Hospital.,4 Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, and
| | - Yun Seon Kim
- 1 Department of Pediatrics.,2 Institute of Allergy.,3 Severance Hospital.,4 Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, and
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- 6 Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- 1 Department of Pediatrics.,2 Institute of Allergy.,3 Severance Hospital.,4 Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, and
| | - Jae Myun Lee
- 4 Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, and.,5 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Myung Hyun Sohn
- 1 Department of Pediatrics.,2 Institute of Allergy.,3 Severance Hospital.,4 Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, and
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10
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Zhang J, Ghosh J, Mohamad SF, Zhang C, Huang X, Capitano ML, Gunawan AM, Cooper S, Guo B, Cai Q, Broxmeyer HE, Srour EF. CD166 Engagement Augments Mouse and Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Function via Activation of Stemness and Cell Cycle Pathways. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1319-1330. [PMID: 31260147 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem (HSC) and progenitor (HPC) cells are regulated by interacting signals and cellular and noncellular elements of the hematopoietic niche. We previously showed that CD166 is a functional marker of murine and human HSC and of cellular components of the murine niche. Selection of murine CD166+ engrafting HSC enriched for marrow repopulating cells. Here, we demonstrate that CD166-CD166 homophilic interactions enhance generation of murine and human HPC in vitro and augment hematopoietic function of these cells. Interactions between cultured CD166+ Lineage- Sca-1+ c-Kit+ (LSK) cells and CD166+ osteoblasts (OBs) significantly enhanced the expansion of colony-forming units (CFUs). Interactions between CD166+ LSK cells and immobilized CD166 protein generated more CFU in short-term cultures than between these cells and bovine serum albumin (BSA) or in cultures initiated with CD166- LSK cells. Similar results were obtained when LSK cells from wildtype (WT) or CD166 knockout (KO) (CD166-/- ) mice were used with immobilized CD166. Human cord blood CD34+ cells expressing CD166 produced significantly higher numbers of CFUs following interaction with immobilized CD166 than their CD166- counterparts. These data demonstrate the positive effects of CD166 homophilic interactions involving CD166 on the surface of murine and human HPCs. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of CD150+ CD48- (signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)) LSK cells from WT and CD166-/- mice incubated with immobilized CD166 protein revealed that engagement of CD166 on these cells activates cytokine, growth factor and hormone signaling, epigenetic pathways, and other genes implicated in maintenance of stem cell pluripotency-related and mitochondria-related signaling pathways. These studies provide tangible evidence implicating CD166 engagement in the maintenance of stem/progenitor cell function. Stem Cells 2019;37:1319-1330.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Joydeep Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Safa F Mohamad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Xinxin Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Maegan L Capitano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Andrea M Gunawan
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Scott Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Qingchun Cai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Edward F Srour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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11
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Wang Y, Yu W, Zhu J, Wang J, Xia K, Liang C, Tao H. Anti-CD166/4-1BB chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for the treatment of osteosarcoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:168. [PMID: 30995926 PMCID: PMC6471997 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells have displayed outstanding performance in the treatment of patients with hematological malignancies. However, their efficacy against solid tumors has been largely limited. METHODS In this study, human osteosarcoma cell lines were prepared, flow cytometry using antibodies against CD166 was performed on different cell samples. CD166-specific T cells were obtained by viral gene transfer of corresponding DNA plasmids and selectively expanded using IL-2 and IL-15. The ability of CD166.BBζ CAR-T cells to kill CD166+ osteosarcoma cells was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS CD166 was selectively expressed on four different human osteosarcoma cell lines, indicating its role as the novel target for CAR-T cell therapy. CD166.BBζ CAR-T cells killed osteosarcoma cell lines in vitro; the cytotoxicity correlated with the level of CD166 expression on the tumor cells. Intravenous injection of CD166.BBζ CAR-T cells into mice resulted in the regression of the tumor with no obvious toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Together, the data suggest that CD166.BBζ CAR-T cells may serve as a new therapeutic strategy in the future clinical practice for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Kaishun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Huimin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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12
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Khedgikar V, Lehoczky JA. Evidence for Lgr6 as a Novel Marker of Osteoblastic Progenitors in Mice. JBMR Plus 2018; 3:e10075. [PMID: 30828690 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are an important source of osteoblasts critical for both bone homeostasis and repair. The ability to isolate, or specifically target, mesenchymal stem cells committed to the osteogenic lineage is necessary for orthopedic translational therapy efforts; however the precise molecular signature of these cells remains elusive. Previously, we identified a population of osteoprogenitor cells expressing the Wnt signaling agonist Lgr6, which contributes to the development and regeneration of the mouse digit tip bone. In our present study we build upon this data and investigate the expression of Lgr6 more broadly in the skeleton. We find that Lgr6, and closely related Lgr4, are expressed in mouse primary calvarial cells, bone marrow cells, and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, our data demonstrates that Lgr4 expression is modestly increased throughout the differentiation and mineralization of mesenchymal stem cells. In contrast, we find Lgr6 expression to be strikingly increased upon osteogenic induction and subsequently decreased upon differentiation and mineralization. These findings provide evidence for Lgr6 as a novel marker of osteoprogenitor cells in bone marrow, which could prove useful for isolation of this population toward future research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Khedgikar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Jessica A Lehoczky
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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13
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ALCAM shedding at the invasive front of the tumor is a marker of myometrial infiltration and promotes invasion in endometrioid endometrial cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:16648-16664. [PMID: 29682175 PMCID: PMC5908276 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the sixth deadliest cancer in women. The depth of myometrial invasion is one of the most important prognostic factors, being directly associated with tumor recurrence and mortality. In this study, ALCAM, a previously described marker of EC recurrence, was studied by immunohistochemistry at the superficial and the invasive tumor areas from 116 EC patients with different degree of myometrial invasion and related to a set of relevant epithelial and mesenchymal markers. ALCAM expression presented a heterogeneous functionality depending on its localization, it correlated with epithelial markers (E-cadherin/β-catenin) at the superficial area, and with mesenchymal markers at the invasive front (COX-2, SNAIL, ETV5, and MMP-9). At the invasive front, ALCAM-negativity was an independent marker of myometrial invasion. This negativity, together with an increase of soluble ALCAM in uterine aspirates from patients with an invasive EC, and its positive correlation with MMP-9 levels, suggested that ALCAM shedding by MMP-9 occurs at the invasive front. In vivo and in vitro models of invasive EC were generated by ETV5-overexpression. In those, we demonstrated that ALCAM shedding was related to a more invasive pattern and that full-ALCAM recovery reverted most of the ETV5-cells mesenchymal abilities, partially through a p-ERK dependent-manner.
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14
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Simões IT, Aranda F, Carreras E, Andrés MVD, Casadó-Llombart S, Martinez VG, Lozano F. Immunomodulatory effects of soluble CD5 on experimental tumor models. Oncotarget 2017; 8:108156-108169. [PMID: 29296231 PMCID: PMC5746133 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of antitumor immune responses by targeting immune checkpoint regulators has been proven successful in the treatment of many different tumors. Recent evidence shows that the lymphocyte receptor CD5 –a negative regulator of TCR-mediated signaling- may play a role in the anti-tumor immune response. To explore such an issue, we developed transgenic C57BL/6 mice expressing a soluble form of human CD5 (shCD5EμTg), putatively blocking CD5-mediated interactions (“decoy receptor” effect). Homozygous shCD5EμTg mice showed reduced growth rates of tumor cells of melanoma (B16-F0) and thymoma (EG7-OVA) origin. Concomitantly, increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers, as well as reduced proportion of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ (Treg) cells were observed in tumor draining lymph nodes (TdLN). TdLN cell suspensions from tumor-bearing shCD5EμTg mice showed increased both tumor specific and non-specific cytolitic activity. Moreover, subcutaneous peritumoral (p.t.) injection of recombinant shCD5 to wild-type (WT) mice slowed B16-F0 tumor growth, and reproduced the above mentioned TdLN cellular changes. Interestingly, lower intratumoral IL-6 levels –an inhibitor of Natural Killer (NK) cell cytotoxity- were observed in both transgenic and rshCD5-treated WT mice and the anti-tumor effect was abrogated by mAb-induced NK cell depletion. Taken together, the results further illustrate the putative regulatory role of CD5-mediated interactions in anti-tumor immune responses, which would be at least in part fostered by NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês T Simões
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Carreras
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Velasco-de Andrés
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Casadó-Llombart
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa G Martinez
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei d'Immunologia, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Abstract
CD6 was established as a marker of T cells more than three decades ago, and recent studies have identified CD6 as a risk gene for multiple sclerosis (MS), a disease in which autoreactive T cells are integrally involved. Nevertheless, the precise role of CD6 in regulating T-cell responses is controversial and its significance in the pathogenesis of various diseases remains elusive, partly due to the lack of animals engineered to alter expression of the CD6 gene. In this report, we found that CD6 KO mice showed decreased pathogenic T-cell responses, reduced spinal cord T-cell infiltration, and attenuated disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. CD6-deficient T cells exhibited augmented activation, but also significantly reduced survival and proliferation after activation, leading to overall decreased Th1 and Th17 polarization. Activated CD6-deficient T cells also showed impaired infiltration through brain microvascular endothelial cell monolayers. Furthermore, by developing CD6 humanized mice, we identified a mouse anti-human CD6 monoclonal antibody that is highly effective in treating established EAE without depleting T cells. These results suggest that (i) CD6 is a negative regulator of T-cell activation, (ii) at the same time, CD6 is a positive regulator of activated T-cell survival/proliferation and infiltration; and (iii) CD6 is a potential new target for treating MS and potentially other T-cell-driven autoimmune conditions.
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16
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Smith NR, Davies PS, Levin TG, Gallagher AC, Keene DR, Sengupta SK, Wieghard N, El Rassi E, Wong MH. Cell Adhesion Molecule CD166/ALCAM Functions Within the Crypt to Orchestrate Murine Intestinal Stem Cell Homeostasis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 3:389-409. [PMID: 28462380 PMCID: PMC5404029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intestinal epithelial homeostasis is maintained by active-cycling and slow-cycling stem cells confined within an instructive crypt-based niche. Exquisite regulating of these stem cell populations along the proliferation-to-differentiation axis maintains a homeostatic balance to prevent hyperproliferation and cancer. Although recent studies focus on how secreted ligands from mesenchymal and epithelial populations regulate intestinal stem cells (ISCs), it remains unclear what role cell adhesion plays in shaping the regulatory niche. Previously we have shown that the cell adhesion molecule and cancer stem cell marker, CD166/ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule), is highly expressed by both active-cycling Lgr5+ ISCs and adjacent Paneth cells within the crypt base, supporting the hypothesis that CD166 functions to mediate ISC maintenance and signal coordination. METHODS Here we tested this hypothesis by analyzing a CD166-/- mouse combined with immunohistochemical, flow cytometry, gene expression, and enteroid culture. RESULTS We found that animals lacking CD166 expression harbored fewer active-cycling Lgr5+ ISCs. Homeostasis was maintained by expansion of the transit-amplifying compartment and not by slow-cycling Bmi1+ ISC stimulation. Loss of active-cycling ISCs was coupled with deregulated Paneth cell homeostasis, manifested as increased numbers of immature Paneth progenitors due to decreased terminal differentiation, linked to defective Wnt signaling. CD166-/- Paneth cells expressed reduced Wnt3 ligand expression and depleted nuclear β-catenin. CONCLUSIONS These data support a function for CD166 as an important cell adhesion molecule that shapes the signaling microenvironment by mediating ISC-niche cell interactions. Furthermore, loss of CD166 expression results in decreased ISC and Paneth cell homeostasis and an altered Wnt microenvironment.
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Key Words
- BrdU, bromodeoxyuridine
- CD166
- CLEM, correlative light and electron microscopy
- FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- HBSS, Hank’s balanced salt solution
- Homeostasis
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- ISC, intestinal stem cell
- Intestinal Stem Cell
- Lyz, lysozyme
- Muc2, mucin 2
- Paneth Cell
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- Stem Cell Niche
- TA, transit-amplifying
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- WT, wild-type
- qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Smith
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Paige S. Davies
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Trevor G. Levin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Alexandra C. Gallagher
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | | | - Sidharth K. Sengupta
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Nikki Wieghard
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Edward El Rassi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Melissa H. Wong
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA,OHSU Stem Cell Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Melissa H. Wong, PhD, Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L215, Portland, Oregon 97239. fax: (503) 494-4253.Oregon Health & Science UniversityDepartment of CellDevelopmental and Cancer Biology3181 SW Sam Jackson Park RoadMail Code L215PortlandOregon 97239
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17
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Devis L, Moiola CP, Masia N, Martinez-Garcia E, Santacana M, Stirbat TV, Brochard-Wyart F, García Á, Alameda F, Cabrera S, Palacios J, Moreno-Bueno G, Abal M, Thomas W, Dufour S, Matias-Guiu X, Santamaria A, Reventos J, Gil-Moreno A, Colas E. Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) is a marker of recurrence and promotes cell migration, invasion, and metastasis in early-stage endometrioid endometrial cancer. J Pathol 2017; 241:475-487. [PMID: 27873306 DOI: 10.1002/path.4851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer in western countries, being the most common subtype of endometrioid tumours. Most patients are diagnosed at an early stage and present an excellent prognosis. However, a number of those continue to suffer recurrence, without means of identification by risk classification systems. Thus, finding a reliable marker to predict recurrence becomes an important unmet clinical issue. ALCAM is a cell-cell adhesion molecule and member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that has been associated with the genesis of many cancers. Here, we first determined the value of ALCAM as a marker of recurrence in endometrioid endometrial cancer by conducting a retrospective multicentre study of 174 primary tumours. In early-stage patients (N = 134), recurrence-free survival was poorer in patients with ALCAM-positive compared to ALCAM-negative tumours (HR 4.237; 95% CI 1.01-17.76). This difference was more significant in patients with early-stage moderately-poorly differentiated tumours (HR 9.259; 95% CI 2.12-53.47). In multivariate analysis, ALCAM positivity was an independent prognostic factor in early-stage disease (HR 6.027; 95% CI 1.41-25.74). Then we demonstrated in vitro a role for ALCAM in cell migration and invasion by using a loss-of-function model in two endometrial cancer cell lines. ALCAM depletion resulted in a reduced primary tumour size and reduced metastatic local spread in an orthotopic murine model. Gene expression analysis of ALCAM-depleted cell lines pointed to motility, invasiveness, cellular assembly, and organization as the most deregulated functions. Finally, we assessed some of the downstream effector genes that are involved in ALCAM-mediated cell migration; specifically FLNB, TXNRD1, and LAMC2 were validated at the mRNA and protein level. In conclusion, our results highlight the potential of ALCAM as a recurrent biomarker in early-stage endometrioid endometrial cancer and point to ALCAM as an important molecule in endometrial cancer dissemination by regulating cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Devis
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian P Moiola
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Masia
- Cell Cycle and Ovarian Cancer Group, Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martinez-Garcia
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Santacana
- Pathological Oncology Group and Pathology Department, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | | | | | - Ángel García
- Pathology Department, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Cabrera
- Gynecological Oncology Department, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Palacios
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Hospital MD Anderson Cancer Centre Madrid, 28033 Madrid, Spain.,Departament of Biochemistry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas 'Alberto Sols' (CSIC-UAM), IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Abal
- Translational Medical Oncology, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Fundacion Ramon Dominguez, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - William Thomas
- Department of Natural Sciences, Colby-Sawyer College, New London, NH 03257, USA
| | | | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Pathological Oncology Group and Pathology Department, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Anna Santamaria
- Cell Cycle and Ovarian Cancer Group, Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Reventos
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Basic Sciences Department, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Gil-Moreno
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Gynecological Oncology Department, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Colas
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Pathological Oncology Group and Pathology Department, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
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Xu L, Mohammad KS, Wu H, Crean C, Poteat B, Cheng Y, Cardoso AA, Machal C, Hanenberg H, Abonour R, Kacena MA, Chirgwin J, Suvannasankha A, Srour EF. Cell Adhesion Molecule CD166 Drives Malignant Progression and Osteolytic Disease in Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6901-6910. [PMID: 27634757 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is incurable once osteolytic lesions have seeded at skeletal sites, but factors mediating this deadly pathogenic advance remain poorly understood. Here, we report evidence of a major role for the cell adhesion molecule CD166, which we discovered to be highly expressed in multiple myeloma cell lines and primary bone marrow cells from patients. CD166+ multiple myeloma cells homed more efficiently than CD166- cells to the bone marrow of engrafted immunodeficient NSG mice. CD166 silencing in multiple myeloma cells enabled longer survival, a smaller tumor burden, and less osteolytic lesions, as compared with mice bearing control cells. CD166 deficiency in multiple myeloma cell lines or CD138+ bone marrow cells from multiple myeloma patients compromised their ability to induce bone resorption in an ex vivo organ culture system. Furthermore, CD166 deficiency in multiple myeloma cells also reduced the formation of osteolytic disease in vivo after intratibial engraftment. Mechanistic investigation revealed that CD166 expression in multiple myeloma cells inhibited osteoblastogenesis of bone marrow-derived osteoblast progenitors by suppressing Runx2 gene expression. Conversely, CD166 expression in multiple myeloma cells promoted osteoclastogenesis by activating TRAF6-dependent signaling pathways in osteoclast progenitors. Overall, our results define CD166 as a pivotal director in multiple myeloma cell homing to the bone marrow and multiple myeloma progression, rationalizing its further study as a candidate therapeutic target for multiple myeloma treatment. Cancer Res; 76(23); 6901-10. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Khalid S Mohammad
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Colin Crean
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bradley Poteat
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yinghua Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Angelo A Cardoso
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rafat Abonour
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - John Chirgwin
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Richard L. Roudebush Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Attaya Suvannasankha
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Richard L. Roudebush Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Edward F Srour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. .,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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19
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Tang X, Jing L, Richardson WJ, Isaacs RE, Fitch RD, Brown CR, Erickson MM, Setton LA, Chen J. Identifying molecular phenotype of nucleus pulposus cells in human intervertebral disc with aging and degeneration. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:1316-26. [PMID: 27018499 PMCID: PMC5321132 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous study claimed that disc degeneration may be preceded by structure and matrix changes in the intervertebral disc (IVD) which coincide with the loss of distinct notochordally derived nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. However, the fate of notochordal cells and their molecular phenotype change during aging and degeneration in human are still unknown. In this study, a set of novel molecular phenotype markers of notochordal NP cells during aging and degeneration in human IVD tissue were revealed with immunostaining and flow cytometry. Furthermore, the potential of phenotype juvenilization and matrix regeneration of IVD cells in a laminin-rich pseudo-3D culture system were evaluated at day 28 by immunostaining, Safranin O, and type II collagen staining. Immunostaining and flow cytometry demonstrated that transcriptional factor Brachyury T, neuronal-related proteins (brain abundant membrane attached signal protein 1, Basp1; Neurochondrin, Ncdn; Neuropilin, Nrp-1), CD24, and CD221 were expressed only in juvenile human NP tissue, which suggested that these proteins may be served as the notochordal NP cell markers. However, the increased expression of CD54 and CD166 with aging indicated that they might be referenced as the potential biomarker for disc degeneration. In addition, 3D culture maintained most of markers in juvenile NP, and rescued the expression of Basp1, Ncdn, and Nrp 1 that disappeared in adult NP native tissue. These findings provided new insight into molecular profile that may be used to characterize the existence of a unique notochordal NP cells during aging and degeneration in human IVD cells, which will facilitate cell-based therapy for IVD regeneration. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1316-1326, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Orthopaedic Surgery Department, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Liufang Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William J Richardson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert E Isaacs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert D Fitch
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher R Brown
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Melissa M Erickson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lori A Setton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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20
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Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase production by human dental pulp stromal cells is enhanced by high density cell culture. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 361:529-40. [PMID: 25636587 PMCID: PMC4529449 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cell surface hydrolase tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) (also known as MSCA-1) is used to identify a sub-population of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) with high mineralising potential and is found on subsets of cells within the dental pulp. We aim to determine whether TNAP is co-expressed by human dental pulp stromal cells (hDPSCs) alongside a range of BMSC markers, whether this is an active form of the enzyme and the effects of culture duration and cell density on its expression. Cells from primary dental pulp and culture expanded hDPSCs expressed TNAP. Subsequent analyses revealed persistent TNAP expression and co-expression with BMSC markers such as CD73 and CD90. Flow cytometry and biochemical assays showed that increased culture durations and cell densities enhanced TNAP expression by hDPSCs. Arresting the hDPSC cell cycle also increased TNAP expression. These data confirm that TNAP is co-expressed by hDPSCs together with other BMSC markers and show that cell density affects TNAP expression levels. We conclude that TNAP is a potentially useful marker for hDPSC selection especially for uses in mineralised tissue regenerative therapies.
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Kim DS, Hahn Y. The acquisition of novel N-glycosylation sites in conserved proteins during human evolution. BMC Bioinformatics 2015; 16:29. [PMID: 25628020 PMCID: PMC4314935 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-015-0468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background N-linked protein glycosylation plays an important role in various biological processes, including protein folding and trafficking, and cell adhesion and signaling. The acquisition of a novel N-glycosylation site may have significant effect on protein structure and function, and therefore, on the phenotype. Results We analyzed the human glycoproteome data set (2,534 N-glycosylation sites in 1,027 proteins) and identified 112 novel N-glycosylation sites in 91 proteins that arose in the human lineage since the last common ancestor of Euarchonta (primates and treeshrews). Three of them, Asn-196 in adipocyte plasma membrane-associated protein (APMAP), Asn-91 in cluster of differentiation 166 (CD166/ALCAM), and Asn-76 in thyroglobulin, are human-specific. Molecular evolutionary analysis suggested that these sites were under positive selection during human evolution. Notably, the Asn-76 of thyroglobulin might be involved in the increased production of thyroid hormones in humans, especially thyroxine (T4), because the removal of the glycan moiety from this site was reported to result in a significant decrease in T4 production. Conclusions We propose that the novel N-glycosylation sites described in this study may be useful candidates for functional analyses to identify innovative genetic modifications for beneficial phenotypes acquired in the human lineage. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-015-0468-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoonsoo Hahn
- Department of Life Science, Research Center for Biomolecules and Biosystems, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu 156-756, Seoul, Korea.
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22
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Lorvik KB, Haabeth OAW, Clancy T, Bogen B, Corthay A. Molecular profiling of tumor-specific T H1 cells activated in vivo. Oncoimmunology 2014; 2:e24383. [PMID: 23762808 PMCID: PMC3667914 DOI: 10.4161/onci.24383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The central role of tumor-specific TH1 cells in anticancer immune responses is becoming increasingly appreciated. However, little is known about how these cells are generated in vivo. Here, we used flow cytometry and gene expression microarrays to characterize the primary activation and TH1 differentiation of naïve tumor-specific CD4+ T cells in a mouse model of cancer immunosurveillance. We took advantage of T-cell receptor-transgenic mice in which CD4+ T cells recognize a tumor-specific antigen secreted by MHC class II-negative MOPC315 myeloma cells. Cancer cells were injected subcutaneously and T-cell activation was analyzed in draining lymph nodes and at the incipient tumor site 8 d later. Upon activation and migration to incipient tumor sites, tumor-specific CD4+ T cells exhibited the upregulation of 29 cell-surface molecules (CD2, CD5, CD11a, CD18, CD25, CD28, CD44, CD45, CD49d, CD51, CD54, CD69, CD71, CD83, CD86, CD90, CD95, CD102, CD122, CD153, CD166, CD200, CD249, CD254, CD274, CD279, Ly6C, MHC class I and CCR7) and the downregulation of five (CD27, CD31, CD45RB, CD62L and CD126). Activated CD4+ T cells produced interferon γ, a cytokine consistent with a TH1-polarized response, tumor necrosis factor α as well as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-3 and IL-10. The activation of naïve tumor-specific CD4+ T cells in draining lymph nodes resulted in the upregulation of 609 genes and the downregulation of 284 genes. The bioinformatic analysis of differentially expressed genes identified functional pathways related to tumor-specific TH1 cell activation. This study may represent a useful resource to guide the development of TH1-based immunotherapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Berg Lorvik
- Centre for Immune Regulation; Department of Immunology; Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo; Oslo, Norway
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23
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Tan F, Mosunjac M, Adams AL, Adade B, Taye O, Hu Y, Rizzo M, Ofori-Acquah SF. Enhanced down-regulation of ALCAM/CD166 in African-American Breast Cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:715. [PMID: 25255861 PMCID: PMC4190464 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Variation in tumor biology in African-American (AA) and Caucasian (CAU) women with breast cancer is poorly defined. Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) is a bad prognostic factor of breast cancer yet it has never being studied in the AA population. We tested the hypothesis that ALCAM expression would be markedly lower in cases of AA breast cancer when compared to CAU. Methods Cases of breast cancer among AA (n = 78) and CAU (n = 95) women were studied. Immunohistochemical staining was used to semi-quantitatively score ALCAM expression in tumor and adjacent non-tumor breast tissues. Clinico-pathological characteristics including histological type, histological grade, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2-neu status were abstracted, and their association with ALCAM expression tested. Results Univariate analysis revealed that the level of ALCAM expression at intercellular junctions of primary tumors correlates with histological grade (AA; p = 0.04, CUA; p = 0.02), ER status (AA; p = 0.0004, CAU; p = 0.0015), PR status (AA; p = 0.002, CUA p = 0.034) and triple-negative tumor status (AA; p = 0.0002, CAU; p = 0.0006,) in both ethnic groups. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that ethnicity contribute significantly to ALCAM expression after accounting for basal-like subtype, age, histological grade, tumor size, and lymph node status. Compared to CAU tumors, the AA are 4 times more likely to have low ALCAM expression (p = 0.003). Conclusions Markedly low expression of ALCAM at sites of cell-cell contact in primary breast cancer tumors regardless of differentiation, size and lymph node involvement may contribute to the more aggressive phenotype of breast cancer among AA women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Solomon F Ofori-Acquah
- Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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24
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Abstract
We previously showed that immature CD166(+) osteoblasts (OB) promote hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function. Here, we demonstrate that CD166 is a functional HSC marker that identifies both murine and human long-term repopulating cells. Both murine LSKCD48(-)CD166(+)CD150(+) and LSKCD48(-)CD166(+)CD150(+)CD9(+) cells, as well as human Lin(-)CD34(+)CD38(-)CD49f(+)CD166(+) cells sustained significantly higher levels of chimerism in primary and secondary recipients than CD166(-) cells. CD166(-/-) knockout (KO) LSK cells engrafted poorly in wild-type (WT) recipients and KO bone marrow cells failed to radioprotect lethally irradiated WT recipients. CD166(-/-) hosts supported short-term, but not long-term WT HSC engraftment, confirming that loss of CD166 is detrimental to the competence of the hematopoietic niche. CD166(-/-) mice were significantly more sensitive to hematopoietic stress. Marrow-homed transplanted WT hematopoietic cells lodged closer to the recipient endosteum than CD166(-/-) cells, suggesting that HSC-OB homophilic CD166 interactions are critical for HSC engraftment. STAT3 has 3 binding sites on the CD166 promoter and STAT3 inhibition reduced CD166 expression, suggesting that both CD166 and STAT3 may be functionally coupled and involved in HSC competence. These studies illustrate the significance of CD166 in the identification and engraftment of HSC and in HSC-niche interactions, and suggest that CD166 expression can be modulated to enhance HSC function.
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25
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Fenutría R, Martinez VG, Simões I, Postigo J, Gil V, Martínez-Florensa M, Sintes J, Naves R, Cashman KS, Alberola-Ila J, Ramos-Casals M, Soldevila G, Raman C, Merino J, Merino R, Engel P, Lozano F. Transgenic expression of soluble human CD5 enhances experimentally-induced autoimmune and anti-tumoral immune responses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84895. [PMID: 24454761 PMCID: PMC3893160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD5 is a lymphoid-specific transmembrane glycoprotein constitutively expressed on thymocytes and mature T and B1a lymphocytes. Current data support the view that CD5 is a negative regulator of antigen-specific receptor-mediated signaling in these cells, and that this would likely be achieved through interaction with CD5 ligand/s (CD5L) of still undefined nature expressed on immune or accessory cells. To determine the functional consequence of loss of CD5/CD5L interaction in vivo, a new transgenic mouse line was generated (shCD5EμTg), expressing a circulating soluble form of human CD5 (shCD5) as a decoy to impair membrane-bound CD5 function. These shCD5EμTg mice showed an enhanced response to autologous antigens, as deduced from the presentation of more severe forms of experimentally inducible autoimmune disease (collagen-induced arthritis, CIA; and experimental autoimmune encephalitis, EAE), as well as an increased anti-tumoral response in non-orthotopic cancer models (B16 melanoma). This enhancement of the immune response was in agreement with the finding of significantly reduced proportions of spleen and lymph node Treg cells (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+), and of peritoneal IL-10-producing and CD5+ B cells, as well as an increased proportion of spleen NKT cells in shCD5EμTg mice. Similar changes in lymphocyte subpopulations were observed in wild-type mice following repeated administration of exogenous recombinant shCD5 protein. These data reveal the relevant role played by CD5/CD5L interactions on the homeostasis of some functionally relevant lymphocyte subpopulations and the modulation of immune responses to autologous antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Fenutría
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa G. Martinez
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inês Simões
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Postigo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Victor Gil
- Servei de Malalties Autoimmunes Sistémiques, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Sintes
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Naves
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kevin S. Cashman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - José Alberola-Ila
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Manel Ramos-Casals
- Servei de Malalties Autoimmunes Sistémiques, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Soldevila
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jesús Merino
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Ramón Merino
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Cantabria-SODERCAN, Santander, Spain
| | - Pablo Engel
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Servei d'Immunologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Pinto M, Carmo AM. CD6 as a therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases: successes and challenges. BioDrugs 2013; 27:191-202. [PMID: 23568178 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-013-0027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The transmembrane surface glycoprotein CD6 was one of the first antigens identified on T lymphocytes. The recognition of its involvement in T-cell signaling processes heralds the potential of CD6 as a target for therapy in a number of pathologies associated with imbalances in T-cell function. Its tissue distribution, cellular expression, and overall molecular structure are well described, and the interaction with its physiological ligand CD166 has been determined to the amino-acid level. Nevertheless, the involvement of CD6 in signaling pathways remains poorly characterized and its biological function is controversial; still unresolved are whether CD6 is a co-stimulatory molecule in T-cell activation or, similar to the related CD5 antigen, a modulator of intracellular signaling. Here we revisit the earliest attempts of modulating immune function using CD6 monoclonal antibodies, and review the current thinking behind the recent developments in immunotherapy targeting CD6. Notwithstanding the promises and hopes brought by monoclonals already in clinical trials, the fact is that very little is known about the mechanism of action of these reagents, whether they enhance the physiological role of the receptor or whether they may induce a completely novel biochemical response that might, nevertheless, be beneficially used to treat human immune pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Pinto
- Cell Activation and Gene Expression Group, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal
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Carbotti G, Orengo AM, Mezzanzanica D, Bagnoli M, Brizzolara A, Emionite L, Puppo A, Centurioni MG, Bruzzone M, Marroni P, Rossello A, Canevari S, Ferrini S, Fabbi M. Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule soluble form: a potential biomarker of epithelial ovarian cancer is increased in type II tumors. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:2597-605. [PMID: 23169448 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) is involved in cell-cell interactions in cancer. Shedding of its ectodomain by the metalloprotease ADAM17/TACE generates a soluble form (sALCAM). Here, we show that serum sALCAM levels were significantly higher in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) (p < 0.005) than in controls. The performance of sALCAM as classifier, tested by receiver operating characteristic curve, resulted in an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8067. Serum sALCAM levels showed direct correlation with Carbohydrate Antigen-125 (CA125/MUC16). Moreover, significantly higher levels were found in type II tumors, even in stage I/II, suggesting that elevated sALCAM is an early feature of aggressive EOC. In addition, sALCAM levels were higher in ascites than in sera, suggesting local processing of ALCAM in the peritoneal cavity. In immunodeficient mice, intraperitoneally implanted with a human EOC cell line, human sALCAM progressively increased in serum and was even higher in the ascites. The biochemical characterization of the sALCAM in EOC sera and ascites, showed two predominant forms of approximately 95 and 65 kDa but no EOC-specific isoform. In addition, full-length transmembrane ALCAM but no soluble form was detected in tumor-derived exosomes found in ascites. Finally, in vitro invasion assays showed that inhibition of ADAM17/TACE activity decreased EOC invasive properties, while opposite effects were mediated by a sALCAM-Fc chimera and by an antibody interfering with ALCAM/ALCAM interactions. Altogether these data suggest that sALCAM is a marker of EOC, which correlates with more aggressive type II tumors, and that ADAM17/TACE activity and sALCAM itself mediate enhanced invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Carbotti
- Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
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Cloning of the human activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule promoter and identification of its tissue-independent transcriptional activation by Sp1. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2012; 17:571-85. [PMID: 22941204 PMCID: PMC3683579 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-012-0028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) belongs to the immunoglobulin cell adhesion molecule super family. ALCAM is implicated in tumor progression, inflammation, and the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. Hitherto, the identity of regulatory DNA elements and cognate transcription factors responsible for ALCAM gene expression remained unknown. In this report, the human ALCAM promoter was cloned and its transcriptional mechanisms elucidated. The promoter is TATA-less and contains multiple GC-boxes. A proximal 650-bp promoter fragment conferred tissue-independent activation, whereas two contiguous regions upstream of this region negatively influenced promoter activity in a tissue-specific manner. The positive regulatory promoter region was mapped to a core 50 base pair sequence containing a conical Sp1 element. Mutation analysis revealed that this element alone or in tandem with elements immediately upstream was required for maximal promoter activity. Chromatin analysis revealed that Sp1 binds exclusively to the canonical binding sequence in vivo, but not to DNA sequence immediately upstream. Finally, we showed that over-expression of Sp1 significantly increased the basal promoter activity. Thus, Sp1 activated the ALCAM promoter in most cells. These findings have important ramifications for unraveling the roles of ALCAM in inflammation and tumorigenesis.
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29
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Oliveira MI, Gonçalves CM, Pinto M, Fabre S, Santos AM, Lee SF, Castro MAA, Nunes RJ, Barbosa RR, Parnes JR, Yu C, Davis SJ, Moreira A, Bismuth G, Carmo AM. CD6 attenuates early and late signaling events, setting thresholds for T-cell activation. Eur J Immunol 2011; 42:195-205. [PMID: 21956609 PMCID: PMC3298641 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201040528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The T lineage glycoprotein CD6 is generally considered to be a costimulator of T-cell activation. Here, we demonstrate that CD6 significantly reduces early and late T-cell responses upon superantigen stimulation or TCR triggering by Abs. Measuring calcium mobilization in single cells responding to superantigen, we found that human T cells expressing rat CD6 react significantly less well compared with T cells not expressing the exogenous receptor. When the cytoplasmic domain of rat CD6 was removed, calcium responses were recovered, indicating that the inhibitory properties of CD6 are attributable to its cytoplasmic domain. Calcium responses, and also late indicators of T-cell activation such as IL-2 release, were also diminished in TCR-activated Jurkat cells expressing human CD6, compared with CD6-deficient cells or cells expressing a cytoplasmic deletion mutant of human CD6. Similarly, calcium signals triggered by anti-CD3 were enhanced in human T lymphocytes following morpholino-mediated suppression of CD6 expression. Finally, the proliferation of T lymphocytes was increased when the CD6-CD166 interaction was blocked with anti-CD166 Abs, but inhibited when anti-CD6 Abs were used. Our data suggest that CD6 is a signaling attenuator whose expression alone, i.e. in the absence of ligand engagement, is sufficient to restrain signaling in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta I Oliveira
- Group of Cell Activation and Gene Expression, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
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Rationale for Targeting CD6 as a Treatment for Autoimmune Diseases. ARTHRITIS 2011; 2010:130646. [PMID: 22076177 PMCID: PMC3195340 DOI: 10.1155/2010/130646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CD6 is a 105–130 kDa surface glycoprotein expressed on the majority of T cells and a subset of B cells. The human cd6 gene maps to chromosome 11, and the expression of its protein product is tightly regulated. CD6 mediates cellular adhesion migration across the endothelial and epithelial cells. In addition, it participates in the antigen presentation by B cells and the subsequent proliferation of T cells. CD6 may bind in trans to surface glycoproteins (such as ALCAM and 3A11), or to microbial lipopolysaccharides, and may bind in cis to endogenous ligands (such as CD3 and CD5), and thereby deliver a costimulatory signal. Transinteractions are reinforced during autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjögren's syndrome, and multiple sclerosis) and some cancers. Based on experimental data and on clinical results in RA and psoriasis, we believe that the recent humanized anti-CD6-specific mAb T1h may act as a regulator of the immunological response in addition to its function as an anti-T- and -B cell agent.
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Alonso R, Huerta V, de Leon J, Piedra P, Puchades Y, Guirola O, Chinea G, Montero E. Towards the definition of a chimpanzee and human conserved CD6 domain 1 epitope recognized by T1 monoclonal antibody. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2008; 27:291-301. [PMID: 18707547 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2008.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains are evolutionally conserved modules that display complex structures stabilized by key amino acids, while some other residues have evolved with a relative independence, thus allowing the functional diversity of these receptors. CD6, a highly glycosylated membrane protein predominantly expressed on lymphocytes, contains three SRCR domains. The lack of CD6 domain crystal structure has limited the characterization of the binding sites for the interacting molecules. The interaction between CD6 and its ligand, activated leukocyte-cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM)/CD166, through the membrane-proximal SRCR3 domain, has low affinity and involves conserved sites in both molecules mediating a cross-species binding. The CD6-ALCAM interaction has been involved in cell adhesion, maturation, regulation of activation, and survival processes, suggesting the potential relevance of this target for therapeutic interventions. Several anti-CD6 monoclonal antibodies (MAb) have been described but their affinity and epitope definition remain unclear. We found the murine and humanized T1 MAb versions have similar CD6 recognition profiles and affinity constants of about 6 x 10(8). These antibodies do not block the CD6-ALCAM interaction and recognize a conformational epitope independent of the CD6 N-glycosylation. This epitope was additionally found in the chimpanzee and contains an RXE/Q consensus motif located in the membrane-distal SRCR1. These results, together with the therapeutic evidence previously obtained with these MAbs, suggest a differential contribution of CD6 domains to lymphocyte biology. Potential mechanisms for T1 MAb therapeutic effect different from CD6-CD166 interaction blocking would be dissected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Alonso
- Experimental Immunotherapy Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba.
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Kalajzic Z, Li H, Wang LP, Jiang X, Lamothe K, Adams DJ, Aguila HL, Rowe DW, Kalajzic I. Use of an alpha-smooth muscle actin GFP reporter to identify an osteoprogenitor population. Bone 2008; 43:501-10. [PMID: 18571490 PMCID: PMC2614133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Revised: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Identification of a reliable marker of skeletal precursor cells within calcified and soft tissues remains a major challenge for the field. To address this, we used a transgenic model in which osteoblasts can be eliminated by pharmacological treatment. Following osteoblast ablation a dramatic increase in a population of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) positive cells was observed. During early recovery phase from ablation we have detected cells with the simultaneous expression of alpha-SMA and a preosteoblastic 3.6GFP marker, indicating the potential for transition of alpha-SMA+ cells towards osteoprogenitor lineage. Utilizing alpha-SMAGFP transgene, alpha-SMAGFP+ positive cells were detected in the microvasculature and in the osteoprogenitor population within bone marrow stromal cells. Osteogenic and adipogenic induction stimulated expression of bone and fat markers in the alpha-SMAGFP+ population derived from bone marrow or adipose tissue. In adipose tissue, alpha-SMA+ cells were localized within the smooth muscle cell layer and in pericytes. After in vitro expansion, alpha-SMA+/CD45-/Sca1+ progenitors were highly enriched. Following cell sorting and transplantation of expanded pericyte/myofibroblast populations, donor-derived differentiated osteoblasts and new bone formation was detected. Our results show that cells with a pericyte/myofibroblast phenotype have the potential to differentiate into functional osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zana Kalajzic
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, USA
| | - Haitao Li
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, USA
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, USA
| | - Xi Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, USA
| | - Katie Lamothe
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, USA
| | - Douglas J. Adams
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, USA
| | - Hector L. Aguila
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, USA
| | - David W. Rowe
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, USA
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, USA
| | - Ivo Kalajzic
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, USA
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, USA
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Qiu H, Wang Y. Quantitative analysis of surface plasma membrane proteins of primary and metastatic melanoma cells. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:1904-15. [PMID: 18410138 DOI: 10.1021/pr700651b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane proteins play critical roles in cell-to-cell recognition, signal transduction and material transport. Because of their accessibility, membrane proteins constitute the major targets for protein-based drugs. Here, we described an approach, which included stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), cell surface biotinylation, affinity peptide purification and LC-MS/MS for the identification and quantification of cell surface membrane proteins. We applied the strategy for the quantitative analysis of membrane proteins expressed by a pair of human melanoma cell lines, WM-115 and WM-266-4, which were derived initially from the primary and metastatic tumor sites of the same individual. We were able to identify more than 100 membrane and membrane-associated proteins from these two cell lines, including cell surface histones. We further confirmed the surface localization of histone H2B and three other proteins by immunocytochemical analysis with confocal microscopy. The contamination from cytoplasmic and other nonmembrane-related sources is greatly reduced by using cell surface biotinylation and affinity purification of biotinylated peptides. We also quantified the relative expression of 62 identified proteins in the two types of melanoma cells. The application to quantitative analysis of membrane proteins of primary and metastatic melanoma cells revealed great potential of the method in the comprehensive identification of tumor progression markers as well as in the discovery of new protein-based therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0403, USA
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Ofori-Acquah SF, King JA. Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule: a new paradox in cancer. Transl Res 2008; 151:122-8. [PMID: 18279810 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2007.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Revised: 09/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule [ALCAM/CD166/melanoma metastasis clone D (MEMD)] is an immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecule. It is expressed developmentally in cells of all 3 embryonic lineages. The ALCAM expression is limited to subsets of cells in most adult tissues. ALCAM is localized at intercellular junctions in epithelium presumably as part of the adhesive complex that maintains tissue architecture. Over the past decade, alterations in expression of ALCAM have been reported in several human tumors (melanoma, prostate cancer, breast cancer, colorectal carcinoma, bladder cancer, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma). This review summarizes the current knowledge of the role of ALCAM in malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon F Ofori-Acquah
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Services, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga, USA
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36
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Bartee E, McCormack A, Früh K. Quantitative membrane proteomics reveals new cellular targets of viral immune modulators. PLoS Pathog 2007; 2:e107. [PMID: 17238276 PMCID: PMC1626102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2006] [Accepted: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulators of pathogens frequently affect multiple cellular targets, thus preventing recognition by different immune cells. For instance, the K5 modulator of immune recognition (MIR2) from Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus prevents activation of cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, and natural killer T cells by downregulating major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, the MHC-like molecule CD1, the cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and PECAM, and the co-stimulatory molecule B7.2. K5 belongs to a family of viral- and cellular-membrane-spanning RING ubiquitin ligases. While a limited number of transmembrane proteins have been shown to be targeted for degradation by this family, it is unknown whether additional targets exist. We now describe a quantitative proteomics approach to identify novel targets of this protein family. Using stable isotope labeling by amino acids, we compared the proteome of plasma, Golgi, and endoplasmic reticulum membranes in the presence and absence of K5. Mass spectrometric protein identification revealed four proteins that were consistently underrepresented in the plasma membrane of K5 expression cells: MHC I (as expected), bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST-2, CD316), activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM, CD166) and Syntaxin-4. Downregulation of each of these proteins was independently confirmed by immunoblotting with specific antibodies. We further demonstrate that ALCAM is a bona fide target of both K5 and the myxomavirus homolog M153R. Upon exiting the endoplasmic reticulum, ALCAM is ubiquitinated in the presence of wild-type, but not RING-deficient or acidic motif-deficient, K5, and is targeted for lysosomal degradation via the multivesicular body pathway. Since ALCAM is the ligand for CD6, a member of the immunological synapse of T cells, its removal by viral immune modulators implies a role for CD6 in the recognition of pathogens by T cells. The unbiased global proteome analysis therefore revealed novel immunomodulatory functions of pathogen proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bartee
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ashley McCormack
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Klaus Früh
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Mann CJ, Hinits Y, Hughes SM. Comparison of neurolin (ALCAM) and neurolin-like cell adhesion molecule (NLCAM) expression in zebrafish. Gene Expr Patterns 2006; 6:952-63. [PMID: 16750657 DOI: 10.1016/j.modgep.2006.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2006] [Revised: 03/19/2006] [Accepted: 03/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Many immunoglobulin (Ig)-superfamily cell adhesion molecules influence skeletal muscle formation. In Drosophila, dumbfounded (duf/kirre), irreC, sticks and stones and hibris encode related Ig-family proteins expressed in subsets of neurons and muscle precursor cells. The family mediates cell migration, axon guidance and fusion of myoblasts. Despite the importance of these genes in invertebrate myogenesis, no obvious functional parallels are known in vertebrate myogenesis. Here we investigate the gene expression pattern and phylogenetic and protein-structural relationships of the duf-related molecules neurolin and neurolin-like cell adhesion molecule (NLCAM), members of the activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) sub-family of Ig-molecules. These proteins are among the closest to Duf/Kirre by sequence. During zebrafish development, neurolin is expressed in subsets of somite and muscle cells, heart and numerous sites of neuronal maturation. The new ALCAM-family member, NLCAM, appears to have arisen by duplication of neurolin/ALCAM. NLCAM is expressed widely during gastrulation, particularly in the nascent neural plate, but later becomes predominantly expressed in sites of muscle and nerve maturation and in the fin fold. The expression of each gene is often in groups of cells in similar parts of the embryo; for example, in the region of Rohon Beard neurons, trigeminal ganglion and fusing fast and migrating slow muscle fibres. However, expression can also be distinct and dynamic; for example, muscle pioneer fibres express neurolin but not NLCAM at high level. Both molecules are expressed in subsets of muscle precursors at times prior to fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Mann
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Abidi SMA, Saifullah MK, Zafiropulos MD, Kaput C, Bowen MA, Cotton C, Singer NG. CD166 expression, characterization, and localization in salivary epithelium: implications for function during sialoadenitis. J Clin Immunol 2006; 26:12-21. [PMID: 16418799 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-006-7119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
CD166 is an Ig superfamily molecule that binds homotypically to itself and heterotypically to CD6. Interactions between CD6 and CD166 are important during immune development and in alloreactivity. CD166 is expressed at increased levels in selected cancers and in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. Knowledge that CD166 was expressed in normal human salivary epithelium led to these studies of CD166 and CD6 in diseased mouse salivary glands, that resemble pathology seen in the human disease, Sjögren's syndrome. We showed that in mouse salivary epithelium CD166 was expressed but that expression of CD166 did not necessarily predict its function. Recombinant soluble CD6-Ig bound to CD6 ligands (CD6L) on transformed and freshly isolated salivary epithelial cells. Cross-blocking studies showed that binding of CD6-Ig to salivary epithelium was in part dependent on CD166, but that CD6-Ig binding may also involve additional CD6L. Binding of CD6-Ig was sensitive to trypsin digestion but resistant to digestion by collagenase and sialidase. Anti-CD166 ab precipitated CD166 from salivary epithelium pre- and post-treatment with the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-gamma. In contrast CD6-Ig only precipitated CD166 from IFN-gamma treated cells. More extensive colocalization between CD166 and the actin cytoskeleton was observed in sialoadenitis epithelium compared to control. We conclude that during sialoadenitis, CD166 undergoes a gain of function, resulting in closer association with the actin cytoskeleton and increased capacity to bind CD6. We suggest that altered CD166 function may contribute to the pro-inflammatory milieu during sialoadenitis seen in Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M A Abidi
- Department of Pediatrics, CASE School of Medicine and Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Verma A, Shukla NK, Deo SVS, Gupta SD, Ralhan R. MEMD/ALCAM: A Potential Marker for Tumor Invasion and Nodal Metastasis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Oncology 2005; 68:462-70. [PMID: 16024937 DOI: 10.1159/000086989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2004] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The MEMD gene was reported to be overexpressed in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), using differential display. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical significance of MEMD/ALCAM in esophageal tumorigenesis. METHODS Analysis of MEMD/ALCAM expression in esophageal tissues was carried out at protein and RNA level using immunohistochemistry and semiquantitative RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS Increased MEMD/ALCAM expression was observed in 42/65 (65%) ESCCs (p = 0.000, odds ratio, OR = 3.665) and in 17/25 (68%) dysplasias (p = 0.000, OR = 4.248) compared to paired distant histologically normal esophageal tissues. Increased MEMD mRNAlevels were observed in ESCCs and dysplasias showing overexpression of MEMD/ALCAM protein. Interestingly, increased membranous MEMD/ALCAM expression was observed in dysplasias in comparison with ESCCs (p = 0.002, OR = 3.177). MEMD/ALCAM overexpression in ESCCs was associated with late clinical stage (p = 0.002, OR = 3.619), enhanced tumor invasiveness (p = 0.002, OR = 3.619), and nodal metastasis (p = 0.000, OR = 4.206). CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report showing MEMD expression at pre-malignant stage (dysplasia), suggesting that MEMD/ALCAM expression is an early event in the development of esophageal cancer. Furthermore, in ESCCs its correlation with late clinical stage, enhanced tumor invasiveness and nodal metastasis suggests an association with aggressive tumor behavior. Our data suggest that MEMD/ALCAM may serve as a potential marker for early diagnosis, tumor invasion and nodal metastasis in ESCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Institute, Rotary Cancer Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Lebbink RJ, de Ruiter T, Kaptijn GJA, Meyaard L. Identification and characterization of the rat homologue of LAIR-1. Immunogenetics 2005; 57:344-51. [PMID: 15902436 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-005-0804-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2004] [Revised: 04/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) is a cell-surface molecule that functions as an inhibitory receptor on various immune cells in both humans and mice. We have cloned a LAIR-1 homologue from the rat that we have named rat LAIR-1. The LAIR-1 gene maps to rat chromosome 1q12 in a region showing conserved synteny with human chromosome 19q13.4 and mouse chromosome 7, where the leukocyte receptor cluster is located. Rat LAIR-1 shows 40 and 71% protein sequence identity with human LAIR-1 and mouse LAIR-1, respectively, has a single Ig-like domain and contains two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif-like sequences in its cytoplasmic tail. Soluble rat LAIR-1 fusion proteins bind to the same adherent cell lines as human LAIR-1 and mouse LAIR-1, indicating that a putative ligand for all the LAIR-1 molecules is expressed on these cells. Furthermore, we show that rat and mouse LAIR-1 bind the same molecule expressed on human HT29 cells. Since many autoimmune diseases are studied in rat models, identification of rat LAIR-1 allows for in vivo studies on the function of LAIR molecules in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Jan Lebbink
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Rm KC02.085.2, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Piazza T, Cha E, Bongarzone I, Canevari S, Bolognesi A, Polito L, Bargellesi A, Sassi F, Ferrini S, Fabbi M. Internalization and recycling of ALCAM/CD166 detected by a fully human single-chain recombinant antibody. J Cell Sci 2005; 118:1515-25. [PMID: 15769845 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily with five extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, promotes heterophilic (ALCAM-CD6) and homophilic (ALCAM-ALCAM) cell-cell interactions. Here we describe a fully human single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) directed to ALCAM/CD166. We selected the I/F8 scFv from a phage display library of human V-gene segments by cell panning and phage internalization into IGROV-I human ovary carcinoma cells. The I/F8 specificity was identified as ALCAM/CD166 by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) peptide mass fingerprinting of the I/F8-immunoprecipitated protein. The I/F8 scFv reacts with the human, monkey and murine ALCAM/CD166 molecule, indicating that the recognized epitope is highly conserved. The I/F8 scFv completely abolished binding of both ALCAM/Fc and CD6/Fc soluble ligands, whereas it did not compete with the anti-ALCAM/CD166 murine monoclonal antibodies J4-81 and 3A6 and therefore recognizes a different epitope. Engagement through I/F8 scFv, 3A6 monoclonal antibody or CD6/Fc ligand induced ALCAM/CD166 internalization, with a kinetics slower than that of transferrin in the same cells. Newly internalized I/F8-ALCAM complexes colocalized with clathrin but not with caveolin and we demonstrated, using surface biotinylation and recycling assays, that endocytosed ALCAM/CD166 recycles back to the cell surface. Such an endocytic pathway allows the efficient delivery of an I/F8 scFv-saporin immunotoxin into tumor cells, as the conjugates are able to selectively kill cell lines expressing ALCAM/CD166. Altogether these data provide evidence of the suitability of the I/F8 scFv for further functional analysis of ALCAM/CD166 and intracellular delivery of effector moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Piazza
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
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Saifullah MK, Fox DA, Sarkar S, Abidi SMA, Endres J, Piktel J, Haqqi TM, Singer NG. Expression and Characterization of a Novel CD6 Ligand in Cells Derived from Joint and Epithelial Tissues. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:6125-33. [PMID: 15528349 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.10.6125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD6 is a T cell surface glycoprotein that plays an important role in interactions of thymocytes with thymic epithelial cells and in mature T cell interactions with selected nonprofessional tissue APCs. We describe a novel CD6 ligand (CD6L) 3A11 Ag that is distinct from the known CD6L (CD166). The 3A11 protein is expressed on cells derived from human thymus, skin, synovium, and cartilage, and its expression is enhanced by IFN-gamma. mAbs directed against the 3A11 Ag and CD166 exhibit distinct patterns of binding to a panel of cell lines. Confocal microscopy shows that both CD166 and the 3A11 Ag are expressed at the cell surface, and that these proteins colocalize. The 3A11 Ag has a molecular mass of 130 kDa and is immunoprecipitated using either mAb 3A11 or soluble CD6-Ig fusion protein. mAbs directed against individual CD6L were less potent than was soluble CD6-Ig fusion protein in reducing adhesion of T cells to adherent 3A11-positive epithelial cells in vitro, suggesting that these Abs recognize epitopes on the 3A11 Ag and CD166 that are distinct from CD6 binding sites. Finally, transfection of epithelial cells with CD166-specific small interfering RNAs significantly decreased CD166 expression without alteration in 3A11 Ag levels, and thus confirmed that these two CD6L are distinct. Taken together, our data identifies a novel 130-kDa CD6L that may mediate interactions of synovial and epithelial cells with T lymphocytes.
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MESH Headings
- Activated-Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule/biosynthesis
- Activated-Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule/chemistry
- Activated-Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule/genetics
- Activated-Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Binding Sites, Antibody
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Adhesion/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Membrane/immunology
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Epithelial Cells/immunology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/immunology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoprecipitation
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Ligands
- Mice
- Molecular Weight
- Peptides/chemistry
- Peptides/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Synovial Membrane/immunology
- Synovial Membrane/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad K Saifullah
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital/University Hospitals of Cleveland, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Ikeda K, Quertermous T. Molecular isolation and characterization of a soluble isoform of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule that modulates endothelial cell function. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:55315-23. [PMID: 15496415 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m407776200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules regulate a variety of endothelial cell functions such as migration, response to inflammation, and angiogenesis. Recently, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), a member of the Ig superfamily, has been detected in the primitive subsets of hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells during embryogenesis. ALCAM supports the development of hematopoietic cells as well as enhancing capillary tube formation in vitro. Here, we isolated a novel soluble isoform of ALCAM (sALCAM) that is produced via alternative splicing. sALCAM contains the single amino-terminal Ig-like domain of ALCAM and lacks a transmembrane domain. When expressed in cultured cells, sALCAM was properly secreted into the media. Both ALCAM and sALCAM are expressed in a variety of cultured human endothelial cells. Notably, their transcripts were differentially regulated in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) upon tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulation. ALCAM significantly enhanced tube formation of endothelial-like yolk sac cells on Matrigel, whereas it inhibited their migration in vitro. sALCAM completely abolished these effects of ALCAM. Furthermore, sALCAM enhanced migration of mock-transfected endothelial-like yolk sac cells that do not express ALCAM, indicating that sALCAM has an independent effect on cell migration in addition to modulating ALCAM function. In addition, sALCAM significantly enhanced migration of HMVEC, whereas it inhibited tube formation of HMVEC on Matrigel. sALCAM demonstrated an ability to bind ALCAM and partially inhibited ALCAM-ALCAM homophilic interactions. Taken together, these data characterize a novel soluble isoform of ALCAM that may have ALCAM-dependent and ALCAM-independent functions, providing further insights regarding the role of this adhesion molecule in the regulation of endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ikeda
- Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Weiner JA, Koo SJ, Nicolas S, Fraboulet S, Pfaff SL, Pourquié O, Sanes JR. Axon fasciculation defects and retinal dysplasias in mice lacking the immunoglobulin superfamily adhesion molecule BEN/ALCAM/SC1. Mol Cell Neurosci 2004; 27:59-69. [PMID: 15345243 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2004.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2004] [Revised: 06/01/2004] [Accepted: 06/08/2004] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunoglobulin superfamily adhesion molecule BEN (other names include ALCAM, SC1, DM-GRASP, neurolin, and CD166) has been implicated in the control of numerous developmental and pathological processes, including the guidance of retinal and motor axons to their targets. To test hypotheses about BEN function, we disrupted its gene via homologous recombination and analyzed the resulting mutant mice. Mice lacking BEN are viable and fertile, and display no external morphological defects. Despite grossly normal trajectories, both motor and retinal ganglion cell axons fasciculated poorly and were occasionally misdirected. In addition, BEN mutant retinae exhibited evaginated or invaginated regions with photoreceptor ectopias that resembled the "retinal folds" observed in some human retinopathies. Together, these results demonstrate that BEN promotes fasciculation of multiple axonal populations and uncover an unexpected function for BEN in retinal histogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Weiner
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Shi X, Cao S, Mitsuhashi M, Xiang Z, Ma X. Genome-wide analysis of molecular changes in IL-12-induced control of mammary carcinoma via IFN-gamma-independent mechanisms. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:4111-22. [PMID: 15034023 PMCID: PMC2956987 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.7.4111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-12 is a major activator of tumor-killing NK cells and CTL. IFN-gamma mediates most of the well-known immunological activities of IL-12. In this study, we report IFN-gamma-independent activities induced by therapeutic application of rIL-12 in restricting tumor growth and metastasis in the 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma model. IFN-gamma-deficient mice carrying 4T1 tumor exhibit no gross defect in the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes but have exaggerated angiogenesis in the tumor. Administration of IL-12 is able to constrict blood vessels in the tumor in the absence of IFN-gamma, and retains certain therapeutic efficacy even when applied late during tumor progression. IL-12 exposure in vivo does not irreversibly alter the immunogenicity of the tumor. Finally, global gene expression analysis of primary tumors reveals IL-12-induced molecular patterns and changes, implicating a number of novel genes potentially important for IFN-gamma-independent immune responses against the tumor, for IL-12-mediated antiproliferation, antimetastasis, and antiangiogenesis activities.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokines/biosynthesis
- Chemokines/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Growth Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Growth Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Interferon-gamma/deficiency
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Interleukin-12/administration & dosage
- Interleukin-12/therapeutic use
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/immunology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaojing Ma
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Xiaojing Ma, Department of, Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300, York Avenue, New York, NY 10021.
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Kalajzic I, Braut A, Guo D, Jiang X, Kronenberg MS, Mina M, Harris MA, Harris SE, Rowe DW. Dentin matrix protein 1 expression during osteoblastic differentiation, generation of an osteocyte GFP-transgene. Bone 2004; 35:74-82. [PMID: 15207743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2004.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2004] [Revised: 03/01/2004] [Accepted: 03/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have demonstrated that promoter-green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenes can be used to identify and isolate populations of cells at the preosteoblastic stage (pOBCol3.6GFP) and at the mature osteoblastic stage (pOBCol2.3GFP) in living primary bone cell cultures. This strategy forms the basis for appreciating the cellular heterogeneity of lineage and relating gene function to cell differentiation. A weakness of this approach was the lack of a selective marker for late osteoblasts and mature osteocytes in the mineralized matrix. In this study, we have examined the expression of DMP-1 mRNA in murine marrow stromal and calvarial osteoblast cultures, and in bone, and calvaria in vivo. Furthermore, we have generated transgenic mice utilizing a mouse DMP1 cis-regulatory system to drive GFP as a marker for living osteocytes. Transgene expression was directed to mineralized tissues and showed a high correlation with the expression of the endogenous gene. Osteocyte-restricted expression of GFP was observed in histological sections of femur and calvaria and in primary cell cultures. Generation of this transgenic model will facilitate studies of gene expression and biological functions in these terminally differentiated bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kalajzic
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06030, USA.
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Avci HX, Zelina P, Thelen K, Pollerberg GE. Role of cell adhesion molecule DM-GRASP in growth and orientation of retinal ganglion cell axons. Dev Biol 2004; 271:291-305. [PMID: 15223335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2003] [Revised: 03/24/2004] [Accepted: 03/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The cell adhesion molecule (CAM) DM-GRASP was investigated with respect to a role for axonal growth and navigation in the developing visual system. Expression analysis reveals that DM-GRASP's presence is highly spatiotemporally regulated in the chick embryo retina. It is restricted to the optic fiber layer (OFL) and shows an expression maximum in a phase when the highest number of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons extend. In the developing retina, axons grow between the DM-GRASP-displaying OFL and the Laminin-rich basal lamina. We show that DM-GRASP enhances RGC axon extension and growth cone size on Laminin substrate in vitro. Preference assays reveal that DM-GRASP-containing lanes guide RGC axons, partially depending on NgCAM in the axonal membrane. Inhibition of DM-GRASP in organ-cultured eyes perturbs orientation of RGC axons at the optic fissure. Instead of leaving the retina, RGC axons cross the optic fissure and grow onto the opposite side of the retina. RGC axon extension per se and navigation from the peripheral retina towards the optic fissure, however, is not affected. Our results demonstrate a role of DM-GRASP for axonal pathfinding in an early phase of the formation of the higher vertebrate central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- H X Avci
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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48
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King JA, Ofori-Acquah SF, Stevens T, Al-Mehdi AB, Fodstad O, Jiang WG. Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule in breast cancer: prognostic indicator. Breast Cancer Res 2004; 6:R478-87. [PMID: 15318930 PMCID: PMC549164 DOI: 10.1186/bcr815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2004] [Revised: 05/07/2004] [Accepted: 05/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) (CD166) is an immunoglobulin molecule that has been implicated in cell migration. The present study examined the expression of ALCAM in human breast cancer and assessed its prognostic value. METHODS The immunohistochemical distribution and location of ALCAM was assessed in normal breast tissue and carcinoma. The levels of ALCAM transcripts in frozen tissue (normal breast, n = 32; breast cancer, n = 120) were determined using real-time quantitative PCR. The results were then analyzed in relation to clinical data including the tumor type, the grade, the nodal involvement, distant metastases, the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage, the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI), and survival over a 6-year follow-up period. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining on tissue sections in ducts/acini in normal breast and in breast carcinoma was ALCAM-positive. Differences in the number of ALCAM transcripts were found in different types of breast cancer. The level of ALCAM transcripts was lower (P = 0.05) in tumors from patients who had metastases to regional lymph nodes compared with those patients without, in higher grade tumors compared with Grade 1 tumors (P < 0.01), and in TNM Stage 3 tumors compared with TNM Stage 1 tumors (P < 0.01). Tumors from patients with poor prognosis (with NPI > 5.4) had significantly lower levels (P = 0.014) of ALCAM transcripts compared with patients with good prognosis (with NPI < 3.4), and tumors from patients with local recurrence had significantly lower levels than those patients without local recurrence or metastases (P = 0.04). Notably, tumors from patients who died of breast cancer had significantly lower levels of ALCAM transcripts (P = 0.0041) than those with primary tumors but no metastatic disease or local recurrence. Patients with low levels of ALCAM transcripts had significantly (P = 0.009) more incidents (metastasis, recurrence, death) compared with patients with primary breast tumors with high levels of ALCAM transcripts. CONCLUSIONS In the present panel of breast cancer specimens, decreased levels of ALCAM correlated with the nodal involvement, the grade, the TNM stage, the NPI, and the clinical outcome (local recurrence and death). The data suggest that decreased ALCAM expression is of clinical significance in breast cancer, and that reduced expression indicates a more aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy A King
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.
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Peirce MJ, Wait R, Begum S, Saklatvala J, Cope AP. Expression profiling of lymphocyte plasma membrane proteins. Mol Cell Proteomics 2003; 3:56-65. [PMID: 14573526 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m300064-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of plasma membrane proteins of mammalian cells render them refractory to systematic analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis. We have therefore used in vivo cell surface labeling with a water-soluble biotinylation reagent, followed by cell lysis and membrane purification, prior to affinity capture of biotinylated proteins. Purified membrane proteins were then separated by solution-phase isoelectric focusing and SDS-PAGE and identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography electrospray/tandem mass spectrometry. Using this approach, we identified 42 plasma membrane proteins from a murine T cell hybridoma and 46 from unfractionated primary murine splenocytes. These included three unexpected proteins; nicastrin, osteoclast inhibitory lectin, and a transmembrane domain-containing hypothetical protein of 11.4 kDa. Following stimulation of murine splenocytes with phorbol ester and calcium ionophore, we observed differences in expression of CD69, major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, the glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family-related gene product, and surface immunoglobulin M and D that were subsequently confirmed by Western blot or flow cytometric analysis. This approach offers a generic and powerful strategy for investigating differential expression of surface proteins in many cell types under varying environmental and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Peirce
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W6 8LH, United Kingdom.
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Ohbo K, Yoshida S, Ohmura M, Ohneda O, Ogawa T, Tsuchiya H, Kuwana T, Kehler J, Abe K, Schöler HR, Suda T. Identification and characterization of stem cells in prepubertal spermatogenesis in mice. Dev Biol 2003; 258:209-25. [PMID: 12781694 DOI: 10.1016/s0012-1606(03)00111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The stem cell properties of gonocytes and prospermatogonia at prepubertal stages are still largely unknown: it is not clear whether gonocytes and prospermatogonia are a special cell type or similar to adult undifferentiated spermatogonia. To characterize these cells, we have established transgenic mice carrying EGFP (enhanced green fluorescence protein) cDNA under control of an Oct4 18-kb genomic fragment containing the minimal promoter and proximal and distal enhancers; Oct4 is reported to be expressed in undifferentiated spermatogonia at prepubertal stages. Generation of transgenic mice enabled us to purify gonocytes and prospermatogonia from the somatic cells of the testis. Transplantation studies of testicular cells so far have been done with a mixture of germ cells and somatic cells. This is the first report that establishes how to purify germ cells from total testicular cells, enabling evaluation of cell-autonomous repopulating activity of a subpopulation of prospermatogonia. We show that prospermatogonia differ markedly from adult spermatogonia in both the size of the KIT-negative population and cell cycle characteristics. The GFP(+) KIT(-) fraction of prospermatogonia has much higher repopulating activity than does the GFP(+)KIT(+) population in the adult environment. Interestingly, the GFP(+)KIT(+) population still exhibits repopulating activity, unlike adult KIT-positive spermatogonia. We also show that ALCAM, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule, is expressed transiently in gonocytes. Sertoli cells and myoid cells also express ALCAM at the same stage, suggesting that ALCAM may contribute to gonocyte-Sertoli cell adhesion and migration of gonoyctes toward the basement membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Ohbo
- The Sakaguchi Laboratory of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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