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Choi G, Ju HY, Bok J, Choi J, Shin JW, Oh H, Jeon Y, Kim J, Kim D, Moon H, Lee JE, Keum YS, Kim YM, Kim HY, Park SH, Han MR, Chung Y. NRF2 is a spatiotemporal metabolic hub essential for the polyfunctionality of Th2 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319994121. [PMID: 38959032 PMCID: PMC11252815 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319994121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Upon encountering allergens, CD4+ T cells differentiate into IL-4-producing Th2 cells in lymph nodes, which later transform into polyfunctional Th2 cells producing IL-5 and IL-13 in inflamed tissues. However, the precise mechanism underlying their polyfunctionality remains elusive. In this study, we elucidate the pivotal role of NRF2 in polyfunctional Th2 cells in murine models of allergic asthma and in human Th2 cells. We found that an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in immune cells infiltrating the lungs is necessary for the development of eosinophilic asthma and polyfunctional Th2 cells in vivo. Deletion of the ROS sensor NRF2 specifically in T cells, but not in dendritic cells, significantly abolished eosinophilia and polyfunctional Th2 cells in the airway. Mechanistically, NRF2 intrinsic to T cells is essential for inducing optimal oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis capacity, thereby driving Th2 cell polyfunctionality independently of IL-33, partially by inducing PPARγ. Treatment with an NRF2 inhibitor leads to a substantial decrease in polyfunctional Th2 cells and subsequent eosinophilia in mice and a reduction in the production of Th2 cytokines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in asthmatic patients. These findings highlight the critical role of Nrf2 as a spatial and temporal metabolic hub that is essential for polyfunctional Th2 cells, suggesting potential therapeutic implications for allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garam Choi
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Ju
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Jahyun Bok
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungseo Choi
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woo Shin
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Oh
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Biological Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology, Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeojin Jeon
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehong Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesu Moon
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Lee
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sam Keum
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research, Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, Goyang10326, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Me Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Biological Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology, Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ryung Han
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
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2
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Roberts J, Chevalier A, Hawerkamp HC, Yeow A, Matarazzo L, Schwartz C, Hams E, Fallon PG. Retinoic Acid-Related Orphan Receptor α Is Required for Generation of Th2 Cells in Type 2 Pulmonary Inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:626-632. [PMID: 37387671 PMCID: PMC10404816 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor retinoic acid-related orphan receptor α (RORα) is important in regulating several physiological functions, such as cellular development, circadian rhythm, metabolism, and immunity. In two in vivo animal models of type 2 lung inflammation, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection and house dust mite (HDM) sensitization, we show a role for Rora in Th2 cellular development during pulmonary inflammation. N. brasiliensis infection and HDM challenge induced an increase in frequency of Rora-expressing GATA3+CD4 T cells in the lung. Using staggerer mice, which have a ubiquitous deletion of functional RORα, we generated bone marrow chimera mice, and we observed a delayed worm expulsion and reduced frequency in the expansion of Th2 cells and innate lymphoid type 2 cells (ILC2s) in the lungs after N. brasiliensis infection. ILC2-deficient mouse (Rorafl/flIl7raCre) also had delayed worm expulsion with associated reduced frequency of Th2 cells and ILC2s in the lungs after N. brasiliensis infection. To further define the role for Rora-expressing Th2 cells, we used a CD4-specific Rora-deficient mouse (Rorafl/flCD4Cre), with significantly reduced frequency of lung Th2 cells, but not ILC2, after N. brasiliensis infection and HDM challenge. Interestingly, despite the reduction in pulmonary Th2 cells in Rorafl/flCD4Cre mice, this did not impact the expulsion of N. brasiliensis after primary and secondary infection, or the generation of lung inflammation after HDM challenge. This study demonstrates a role for RORα in Th2 cellular development during pulmonary inflammation that could be relevant to the range of inflammatory diseases in which RORα is implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Roberts
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Chevalier
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Heike C. Hawerkamp
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife Yeow
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Matarazzo
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christian Schwartz
- Mikrobiologisches Institut–Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Emily Hams
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Padraic G. Fallon
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Saunders SP, Floudas A, Moran T, Byrne CM, Rooney MD, Fahy CMR, Geoghegan JA, Iwakura Y, Fallon PG, Schwartz C. Dysregulated skin barrier function in Tmem79 mutant mice promotes IL-17A-dependent spontaneous skin and lung inflammation. Allergy 2020; 75:3216-3227. [PMID: 32644214 DOI: 10.1111/all.14488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with a dysregulation of the skin barrier and may predispose to the development of secondary allergic conditions, such as asthma. Tmem79ma/ma mice harbor a mutation in the gene encoding Transmembrane Protein 79 (or Mattrin), which has previously been associated with AD. As a result of the Tmem79 gene mutation, these mice have a defective skin barrier and develop spontaneous skin inflammation. In this study, Tmem79ma/ma mice were assessed for the underlying immunological response in the development of spontaneous skin and lung inflammation. METHODS Development of spontaneous skin and lung inflammation in Tmem79ma/ma mice was analyzed. We further investigated susceptibility to cutaneous Staphylococcus aureus infection. Tmem79ma/ma were crossed to IL-17A-deficient mice to address the contribution of IL-17A to spontaneous skin and lung disease. RESULTS Tmem79ma/ma mice developed IL-17A-dependent spontaneous AD-like inflammation and were refractory to S aureus infection. Mutant mice progressed to airway inflammation subsequent to the occurrence of dermatitis. The progression from skin to lung disease is dependent on adaptive immunity and is facilitated by cutaneous expansion of Th17 and TCRγδ T cells. CONCLUSION Mice lacking Tmem79/Mattrin expression have a defective skin barrier. In adulthood, these mice develop dermatitis with secondary progression to lung inflammation. The development of skin and lung inflammation is IL-17A-dependent and mediated by TCRγδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P. Saunders
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute School of Medicine Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Achilleas Floudas
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute School of Medicine Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Tara Moran
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute School of Medicine Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin Ireland
| | - Ciara M. Byrne
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute School of Medicine Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Michael D. Rooney
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute School of Medicine Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Caoimhe M. R. Fahy
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute School of Medicine Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Dermatology Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin Dublin Ireland
| | - Joan A. Geoghegan
- Department of Microbiology Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine School of Genetics and Microbiology Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences Tokyo University of Science Yamazaki Japan
| | - Padraic G. Fallon
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute School of Medicine Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin Ireland
| | - Christian Schwartz
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute School of Medicine Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Mikrobiologisches Institut ‐ Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich‐Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
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4
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Vacca F, Chauché C, Jamwal A, Hinchy EC, Heieis G, Webster H, Ogunkanbi A, Sekne Z, Gregory WF, Wear M, Perona-Wright G, Higgins MK, Nys JA, Cohen ES, McSorley HJ. A helminth-derived suppressor of ST2 blocks allergic responses. eLife 2020; 9:54017. [PMID: 32420871 PMCID: PMC7234810 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-33-ST2 pathway is an important initiator of type 2 immune responses. We previously characterised the HpARI protein secreted by the model intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus, which binds and blocks IL-33. Here, we identify H. polygyrus Binds Alarmin Receptor and Inhibits (HpBARI) and HpBARI_Hom2, both of which consist of complement control protein (CCP) domains, similarly to the immunomodulatory HpARI and Hp-TGM proteins. HpBARI binds murine ST2, inhibiting cell surface detection of ST2, preventing IL-33-ST2 interactions, and inhibiting IL-33 responses in vitro and in an in vivo mouse model of asthma. In H. polygyrus infection, ST2 detection is abrogated in the peritoneal cavity and lung, consistent with systemic effects of HpBARI. HpBARI_Hom2 also binds human ST2 with high affinity, and effectively blocks human PBMC responses to IL-33. Thus, we show that H. polygyrus blocks the IL-33 pathway via both HpARI which blocks the cytokine, and also HpBARI which blocks the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vacca
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Chauché
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Jamwal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C Hinchy
- Bioscience Asthma, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Heieis
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Webster
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Adefunke Ogunkanbi
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Building, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Zala Sekne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - William F Gregory
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Division of Microbiology & Parasitology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Wear
- The Edinburgh Protein Production Facility (EPPF), Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology (WTCCB), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia Perona-Wright
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew K Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Josquin A Nys
- Bioscience Asthma, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - E Suzanne Cohen
- Bioscience Asthma, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Henry J McSorley
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Building, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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5
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Xu Y, Zheng Y, Cao M, Yang W, Ren J, Song Y, Cheng D, Wang J, Huang L, Xu W, Zhao Y, Liu G. Association of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms With Chronic Rhinosinusitis in a Southwestern Han Chinese Population: A Replication Study. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2019; 34:352-360. [PMID: 31870168 DOI: 10.1177/1945892419896540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongbo Zheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Cao
- General Affairs Office of Logistic Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianjun Ren
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Danni Cheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ligao Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chengdu Renpin Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Medical Oncology and Medical Biophysics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Medicine and Epidemiology Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Alvarez F, Fritz JH, Piccirillo CA. Pleiotropic Effects of IL-33 on CD4 + T Cell Differentiation and Effector Functions. Front Immunol 2019; 10:522. [PMID: 30949175 PMCID: PMC6435597 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-33, a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, was originally described in 2005 as a promoter of type 2 immune responses. However, recent evidence reveals a more complex picture. This cytokine is released locally as an alarmin upon cellular damage where innate cell types respond to IL-33 by modulating their differentiation and influencing the polarizing signals they provide to T cells at the time of antigen presentation. Moreover, the prominent expression of the IL-33 receptor, ST2, on GATA3+ T helper 2 cells (TH2) demonstrated that IL-33 could have a direct impact on T cells. Recent observations reveal that T-bet+ TH1 cells and Foxp3+ regulatory T (TREG) cells can also express the ST2 receptor, either transiently or permanently. As such, IL-33 can have a direct effect on the dynamics of T cell populations. As IL-33 release was shown to play both an inflammatory and a suppressive role, understanding the complex effect of this cytokine on T cell homeostasis is paramount. In this review, we will focus on the factors that modulate ST2 expression on T cells, the effect of IL-33 on helper T cell responses and the role of IL-33 on TREG cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Alvarez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health, Centre for Translational Biology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jörg H. Fritz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Center on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ciriaco A. Piccirillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health, Centre for Translational Biology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Center on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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7
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Xiong Y, Cui X, Li W, Lv J, Du L, Mi W, Li H, Chen Z, Leng Q, Zhou H, He R. BLT1 signaling in epithelial cells mediates allergic sensitization via promotion of IL-33 production. Allergy 2019; 74:495-506. [PMID: 30390302 DOI: 10.1111/all.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial cells (ECs) play a crucial role in allergic sensitization to inhaled protease allergens by instructing type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) and dendritic cells (DCs) via release of pro-type 2 cytokines, particularly interleukin-33 (IL-33). Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a well-known leukocyte chemoattractant via engagement of its receptor 1 (BLT1). However, the role of LTB4-BLT1 axis in allergic sensitization via activation of ECs is still unknown. METHODS We evaluated the effect of LTB4-BLT1 axis on IL-33 expression and ILC2 activation in vivo and in vitro. Chimeric mice were established to evaluate the contribution of BLT1 expression in nonimmune cell to allergic sensitization. RESULTS Genetical or pharmacological interruption of LTB4-BLT1 axis during sensitization phase markedly reduced papain-induced IL-33 expression, decreased ILC2 activation and DC migration, thereby impairing the priming of allergic Th2 responses. Furthermore, papain inhalation induced a rapid release of LTB4 preceding IL-33, and intranasal administration of LTB4 to naïve WT mice significantly increased IL-33 expression and ILC2 activation in lung, which was absent in Il33-/- or Ltb4r1-/- mice. Furthermore, BLT1 was expressed in primary mouse ECs or normal human bronchial ECs (NHBE), and papain induced LTB4 release by NHBE, which in turn amplified IL-33 production dependent on Akt activation via BLT1. Consequently, bone marrow chimeric mice lacking BLT1 in radio-resistant structural cells failed to develop allergic lung inflammation to papain. CONCLUSION Our study reveals a functional role of LTB4-BLT1 axis in nonimmune cells, most likely lung ECs, in controlling allergic sensitization as an upstream regulator of IL-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingluo Xiong
- Department of Immunology and Basic Research Institute for Aging and Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xinyi Cui
- Department of Immunology and Basic Research Institute for Aging and Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Immunology and Basic Research Institute for Aging and Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jiaoyan Lv
- Department of Immunology and Basic Research Institute for Aging and Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Lixia Du
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Wenli Mi
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology Institutes of Brain Science Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Huabin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Eye, Nose and Throat Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Zhengrong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases Children's Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Qibin Leng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology Institute Pasteur of Shanghai Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Immunology Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Rui He
- Department of Immunology and Basic Research Institute for Aging and Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology Institutes of Brain Science Fudan University Shanghai China
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8
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Petersen CP, Meyer AR, DeSalvo C, Choi E, Schlegel C, Petersen A, Engevik AC, Prasad N, Levy SE, Peebles RS, Pizarro TT, Goldenring JR. A signalling cascade of IL-33 to IL-13 regulates metaplasia in the mouse stomach. Gut 2018; 67:805-817. [PMID: 28196875 PMCID: PMC5681443 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alternatively activated macrophages (M2) are associated with the progression of spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) in the stomach. However, the precise mechanism(s) and critical mediators that induce SPEM are unknown. DESIGN To determine candidate genes important in these processes, macrophages from the stomach corpus of mice with SPEM (DMP-777-treated) or advanced SPEM (L635-treated) were isolated and RNA sequenced. Effects on metaplasia development after acute parietal cell loss induced by L635 were evaluated in interleukin (IL)-33, IL-33 receptor (ST2) and IL-13 knockout (KO) mice. RESULTS Profiling of metaplasia-associated macrophages in the stomach identified an M2a-polarised macrophage population. Expression of IL-33 was significantly upregulated in macrophages associated with advanced SPEM. L635 induced metaplasia in the stomachs of wild-type mice, but not in the stomachs of IL-33 and ST2 KO mice. While IL-5 and IL-9 were not required for metaplasia induction, IL-13 KO mice did not develop metaplasia in response to L635. Administration of IL-13 to ST2 KO mice re-established the induction of metaplasia following acute parietal cell loss. CONCLUSIONS Metaplasia induction and macrophage polarisation after parietal cell loss is coordinated through a cytokine signalling network of IL-33 and IL-13, linking a combined response to injury by both intrinsic mucosal mechanisms and infiltrating M2 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine P. Petersen
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Department of Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Anne R. Meyer
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Department of Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Carlo DeSalvo
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Department of Nashville VA Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Department of Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Cameron Schlegel
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Department of Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Alec Petersen
- Department of Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Amy C. Engevik
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Department of Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Nripesh Prasad
- Department of HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL
| | - Shawn E. Levy
- Department of HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL
| | | | - Theresa T. Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - James R. Goldenring
- Department of Nashville VA Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Department of Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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9
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Khaitov MR, Gaisina AR, Shilovskiy IP, Smirnov VV, Ramenskaia GV, Nikonova AA, Khaitov RM. The Role of Interleukin-33 in Pathogenesis of Bronchial Asthma. New Experimental Data. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018. [PMID: 29534664 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) belongs to the IL-1 cytokine family and plays an important role in modulating immune system by inducing Th2 immune response via the ST2 membrane receptor. Epithelial cells are the major producers of IL-33. However, IL-33 is also secreted by other cells, e.g., bone marrow cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast cells. IL-33 targets a broad range of cell types bearing the ST2 surface receptor. Many ST2-positive cells, such as Th2 cells, mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils, are involved in the development of allergic bronchial asthma (BA). This suggests that IL-33 directly participates in BA pathogenesis. Currently, the role of IL-33 in pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders, including BA, has been extensively investigated using clinical samples collected from patients, as well as asthma animal models. In particular, numerous studies on blocking IL-33 and its receptor by monoclonal antibodies in asthma mouse model have been performed over the last several years; IL-33- and ST2-deficient transgenic mice have also been generated. In this review, we summarized and analyzed the data on the role of IL-33 in BA pathogenesis and the prospects for creating new treatments for BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Khaitov
- Institute of Immunology, FMBA of Russia, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
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10
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Abstract
Allergic inflammation is a type 2 immune disorder classically characterized by high levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and the development of Th2 cells. Asthma is a pulmonary allergic inflammatory disease resulting in bronchial hyper-reactivity. Atopic asthma is defined by IgE antibody-mediated mast cell degranulation, while in non-atopic asthma there is no allergen-specific IgE and more involvement of innate immune cells, such as basophils, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), and eosinophils. Recently, protease allergens were shown to cause asthmatic responses in the absence of Th2 cells, suggesting that an innate cell network (IL-33/TSLP-basophil-ILC2-IL-5/IL-13 axis) can facilitate the sensitization phase of type 2 inflammatory responses. Recent evidence also indicates that in the chronic phase, these innate immune cells directly or indirectly contribute to the adaptive Th2 cell responses. In this review, we discuss the role of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) and innate immune cells (mast cells, basophils, ILC2s, and dendritic cells) in the cross-talk between innate and adaptive inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kubo
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,Laboratory for Cytokine Regulation, Research Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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11
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Zhao J, Zhao Y. Interleukin-33 and its Receptor in Pulmonary Inflammatory Diseases. Crit Rev Immunol 2018; 35:451-61. [PMID: 27279043 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2016015865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family. It modulates immune responses and biological functions through binding to its membrane receptor, ST2L. ST2L is a member of the Toll-like/IL-1 (TIR)-receptor superfamily, and its isoform, soluble ST2 (sST2), functions as an inhibitor of the IL-33/ST2L pathway. Levels of IL-33 and sST2 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) are known biomarkers for a variety of disorders such as heart failure, non-small-cell lung cancer, and pulmonary inflammatory diseases. IL-33 also exists in the nuclei, and nuclear IL-33 seems to regulate cytokine gene expression. In this review, we focus on the role of IL-33/ST2 in the pathogenesis of pulmonary inflammatory diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, and Vascular Medical Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, and Vascular Medical Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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12
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Finlay CM, Stefanska AM, Coleman MM, Jahns H, Cassidy JP, McLoughlin RM, Mills KHG. Secreted products of Fasciola hepatica inhibit the induction of T cell responses that mediate allergy. Parasite Immunol 2017; 39. [PMID: 28815724 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence from epidemiology studies of a negative association between infection with helminth parasites and the development of allergy and asthma. Here, we demonstrate that the excretory/secretory products of the helminth Fasciola hepatica (FHES) protected mice against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma when administered at time of allergen sensitization. FHES reduced the accumulation of mucus, eosinophils and lymphocytes into the airways of allergen-challenged mice. Furthermore, FHES treatment suppressed Th2 responses in the airways. Interestingly, systemic administration of FHES at allergen challenge had no effect on airway inflammation, demonstrating that alum-induced Th2 response is set following initial allergen sensitization. Our findings highlight the immunomodulatory potential of molecules secreted by F. hepatica.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Finlay
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - A M Stefanska
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - M M Coleman
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - H Jahns
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Science Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J P Cassidy
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Science Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - R M McLoughlin
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Group School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - K H G Mills
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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13
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Martin P, Palmer G, Rodriguez E, Woldt E, Mean I, James RW, Smith DE, Kwak BR, Gabay C. Atherosclerosis severity is not affected by a deficiency in IL-33/ST2 signaling. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2015; 3:239-46. [PMID: 26417439 PMCID: PMC4578523 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)‐33 is a cytokine of the IL‐1 family, which signals through the ST2 receptor. Previous work demonstrated that the systemic administration of recombinant IL‐33 reduces the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E‐deficient (ApoE−/−) mice by inducing a Th1‐to‐Th2 shift. The objective of our study was to examine the role of endogenous IL‐33 and ST2 in atherosclerosis. ApoE−/−, IL‐33−/−ApoE−/−, and ST2−/−ApoE−/− mice were fed with a cholesterol‐rich diet for 10 weeks. Additionally, a group of ApoE−/− mice was injected with a neutralizing anti‐ST2 or an isotype control antibody during the period of the cholesterol‐rich diet. Atherosclerotic lesion development was measured by Oil Red O staining in the thoracic‐abdominal aorta and the aortic sinus. There were no significant differences in the lipid‐staining area of IL‐33−/−ApoE−/−, ST2−/−ApoE−/−, or anti‐ST2 antibody‐treated ApoE−/− mice, compared to ApoE−/− controls. The absence of IL‐33 signaling had no major and consistent impact on the Th1/Th2 cytokine responses in the supernatant of in vitro‐stimulated lymph node cells. In summary, deficiency of the endogenously produced IL‐33 and its receptor ST2 does not impact the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE‐deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praxedis Martin
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland ; Department of Pathology and Immunology School of Medicine, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gaby Palmer
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland ; Department of Pathology and Immunology School of Medicine, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emiliana Rodriguez
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland ; Department of Pathology and Immunology School of Medicine, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Estelle Woldt
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland ; Department of Pathology and Immunology School of Medicine, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Mean
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland ; Department of Pathology and Immunology School of Medicine, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Richard W James
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dirk E Smith
- Inflammation Research Department, Amgen Inc. Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology School of Medicine, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland ; Division of Cardiology, University Hospital of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cem Gabay
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland ; Department of Pathology and Immunology School of Medicine, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
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14
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Samarajiwa SA, Mangan NE, Hardy MP, Najdovska M, Dubach D, Braniff SJ, Owczarek CM, Hertzog PJ. Soluble IFN receptor potentiates in vivo type I IFN signaling and exacerbates TLR4-mediated septic shock. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4425-35. [PMID: 24696235 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Circulating levels of a soluble type I IFNR are elevated in diseases, such as chronic inflammation, infections, and cancer, but whether it functions as an antagonist, agonist, or transporter is unknown. In this study, we elucidate the in vivo importance of the soluble type I IFNAR, soluble (s)IFNAR2a, which is generated by alternative splicing of the Ifnar2 gene. A transgenic mouse model was established to mimic the 10-15-fold elevated expression of sIFNAR2a observed in some human diseases. We generated transgenic mouse lines, designated SolOX, in which the transgene mRNA and protein-expression patterns mirrored the expression patterns of the endogenous gene. SolOX were demonstrated to be more susceptible to LPS-mediated septic shock, a disease model in which type I IFN plays a crucial role. This effect was independent of "classical" proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6, whose levels were unchanged. Because the increased levels of sIFNAR2a did not affect the kinetics of the increased interferonemia, this soluble receptor does not potentiate its ligand signaling by improving IFN pharmacokinetics. Mechanistically, increased levels of sIFNAR2a are likely to facilitate IFN signaling, as demonstrated in spleen cells overexpressing sIFNAR2a, which displayed quicker, higher, and more sustained activation of STAT1 and STAT3. Thus, the soluble IFNR is an important agonist of endogenous IFN actions in pathophysiological processes and also is likely to modulate the therapeutic efficacy of clinically administered IFNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamith A Samarajiwa
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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15
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Kobayashi T, Iijima K, Checkel JL, Kita H. IL-1 family cytokines drive Th2 and Th17 cells to innocuous airborne antigens. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 49:989-98. [PMID: 23837489 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0444oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is commonly thought to result from dysregulated airway inflammatory responses to ubiquitous environmental antigens mediated by CD4(+) T cells polarized to a Th2 or Th17 cell. However, the mechanisms involved in the development of these T-cell responses remain unknown. This study examines the effects of IL-1 family cytokines, such as IL-33 and IL-1β, on the development of antigen-specific Th2 and Th17 cells in the airway. We administered IL-1 family cytokines and model antigens, such as ovalbumin, into the airways of naive BALB/c mice, and examined the cellular and humoral immune responses. To investigate the immunologic mechanisms, we used IL-4 green fluorescent protein reporter mice and mice deficient in the Il4 gene. Innocuous antigens, such as endotoxin-free ovalbumin and short ragweed extract, did not sensitize naive mice when administered through the airways. However, when mice were exposed to the same antigens with IL-1β or IL-33, they developed IgE antibodies. In particular, IL-33 induced robust and long-lasting Th2 cells that produced a large quantity of IL-5 and IL-13 and asthma-like airway pathology. IL-1β induced Th17 cells. In naive, nonsensitized animals, IL-33 stimulated endogenous IL-4 expression by CD4(+) T cells, which was critical for the polarization of CD4(+) T cells to the Th2 type. In the absence of IL-4, mice developed Th17 cells and neutrophilic airway inflammation. In conclusion, IL-1 family cytokines possess a potent adjuvant activity to promote both Th2 and Th17 cells to innocuous airborne antigens, and they may play fundamental roles in the immunopathology of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Kobayashi
- 1 Department of Medicine and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota
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16
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Ní Gabhann J, Hams E, Smith S, Wynne C, Byrne JC, Brennan K, Spence S, Kissenpfennig A, Johnston JA, Fallon PG, Jefferies CA. Btk regulates macrophage polarization in response to lipopolysaccharide. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85834. [PMID: 24465735 PMCID: PMC3897530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a strong inducer of inflammation and does so by inducing polarization of macrophages to the classic inflammatory M1 population. Given the role of Btk as a critical signal transducer downstream of TLR4, we investigated its role in M1/M2 induction. In Btk deficient (Btk−\−) mice we observed markedly reduced recruitment of M1 macrophages following intraperitoneal administration of LPS. Ex vivo analysis demonstrated an impaired ability of Btk−/− macrophages to polarize into M1 macrophages, instead showing enhanced induction of immunosuppressive M2-associated markers in response to M1 polarizing stimuli, a finding accompanied by reduced phosphorylation of STAT1 and enhanced STAT6 phosphorylation. In addition to STAT activation, M1 and M2 polarizing signals modulate the expression of inflammatory genes via differential activation of transcription factors and regulatory proteins, including NF-κB and SHIP1. In keeping with a critical role for Btk in macrophage polarization, we observed reduced levels of NF-κB p65 and Akt phosphorylation, as well as reduced induction of the M1 associated marker iNOS in Btk−/− macrophages in response to M1 polarizing stimuli. Additionally enhanced expression of SHIP1, a key negative regulator of macrophage polarisation, was observed in Btk−/− macrophages in response to M2 polarizing stimuli. Employing classic models of allergic M2 inflammation, treatment of Btk−/− mice with either Schistosoma mansoni eggs or chitin resulted in increased recruitment of M2 macrophages and induction of M2-associated genes. This demonstrates an enhanced M2 skew in the absence of Btk, thus promoting the development of allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Ní Gabhann
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics and RCSI Research Institute, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emily Hams
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhán Smith
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics and RCSI Research Institute, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire Wynne
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics and RCSI Research Institute, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin St, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer C. Byrne
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics and RCSI Research Institute, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kiva Brennan
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shaun Spence
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Adrien Kissenpfennig
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Padraic G. Fallon
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caroline A. Jefferies
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics and RCSI Research Institute, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Disease conditions associated with pulmonary fibrosis are progressive and have a poor long-term prognosis with irreversible changes in airway architecture leading to marked morbidity and mortalities. Using murine models we demonstrate a role for interleukin (IL)-25 in the generation of pulmonary fibrosis. Mechanistically, we identify IL-13 release from type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) as sufficient to drive collagen deposition in the lungs of challenged mice and suggest this as a potential mechanism through which IL-25 is acting. Additionally, we demonstrate that in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis there is increased pulmonary expression of IL-25 and also observe a population ILC2 in the lungs of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. Collectively, we present an innate mechanism for the generation of pulmonary fibrosis, via IL-25 and ILC2, that occurs independently of T-cell-mediated antigen-specific immune responses. These results suggest the potential of therapeutically targeting IL-25 and ILC2 for the treatment of human fibrotic diseases.
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Hams E, Locksley RM, McKenzie AN, Fallon PG. Cutting edge: IL-25 elicits innate lymphoid type 2 and type II NKT cells that regulate obesity in mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2013; 191:5349-53. [PMID: 24166975 PMCID: PMC3847854 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cellular composition of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and release of cytokines by such cells within VAT has been implicated in regulating obesity and metabolic homeostasis. We show the importance of IL-25-responsive innate cells, which release the Th2 cytokine IL-13, in regulating weight and glucose homeostasis in mouse models of diet-induced obesity. Treating obese mice with IL-25 induces weight loss and improves glucose tolerance, and is associated with increased infiltration of innate lymphoid type 2 cells (ILC2), type I and type II NKT cells, eosinophils, and alternatively activated macrophages into the VAT. By depleting ILC2 in obese Rag1(-/-) mice, we observe exacerbated weight gain and glucose intolerance. Conversely, transferring ILC2 or type I or type II NKT cells into obese mice induces transient weight loss and stabilizes glucose homeostasis. Our data identify a mechanism whereby IL-25 eliciting IL-13-producing innate cells regulates inflammation in adipose tissue and prevents diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hams
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard M. Locksley
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Padraic G. Fallon
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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ST2 regulates allergic airway inflammation and T-cell polarization in epicutaneously sensitized mice. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:2522-2529. [PMID: 23633023 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IL-33 is an inducer of proinflammatory and T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines, which have an important role in atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic asthma. ST2 is a specific receptor for IL-33 and is expressed on Th2 cells, eosinophils and mast cells. A murine model of AD was used to characterize the role of ST2 in allergen-induced skin inflammation and allergic asthma. ST2-/- and wild-type (WT) mice were epicutaneously sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B, and intranasally challenged with OVA. ST2-/- mice exhibited increased production of IFNγ and increased number of CD8(+) T cells in the sensitized skin and in the airways compared with WT mice. The number of eosinophils was decreased, and Th2 cytokines were downregulated in the airways of epicutaneously sensitized ST2-/- mice compared with WT controls. However, dermal eosinophil numbers were as in WT, and the levels of Th2 cytokines were even elevated in the sensitized skin of ST2-/- mice. ST2-/- mice had elevated numbers of neutrophils and macrophages and increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the sensitized skin. The role of ST2 differs between different target tissues: ST2 is dispensable for the development of Th2 response in the sensitized skin, whereas it is a main inducer of Th2 cytokines in asthmatic airways.
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Liu Q, Turnquist HR. Implications for Interleukin-33 in solid organ transplantation. Cytokine 2013; 62:183-94. [PMID: 23541899 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin(IL)-33 is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family that has been attributed T helper (Th) type 2 immunity-promoting capacity. However, new studies indicate that IL-33 is a multifunctional protein that acts as transcriptional/signaling repressor, functions as an alarmin alerting the immune system to necrosis, as well as serves as a cytokine that targets cells expressing ST2, the IL-33 receptor. Interestingly, IL-33 is also emerging as a pleiotropic cytokine. Depending on the innate or adaptive immune cells targeted by IL-33, it can not only promote type 2, but also IFN-γ dominated type 1 immunity. In addition, IL-33 expands regulatory T cells. In this review, we assimilate the current knowledge of IL-33 immunobiology and discuss how IL-33 may mediate such diverse roles in the immune response to pathogens and development of immune-mediated pathologies. The function of IL-33 in shaping alloimmune responses to transplanted organs is poorly explored, but a particularly beneficial role of IL-33 in experimental heart transplant models is summarized. Finally, given the implication of IL-33 in pathologies of the lung and intestine, we discuss how IL-33 may contribute to the comparatively poor outcomes following transplantation of these two organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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21
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Lin J, Zhao GQ, Wang Q, Xu Q, Che CY, Hu LT, Jiang N, Wang Q, Zhang LL. Regulation of interleukin 33/ST2 signaling of human corneal epithelium in allergic diseases. Int J Ophthalmol 2013; 6:23-9. [PMID: 23550226 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.01.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify the function of ST2 and explore the role of IL-33/ST2 signaling in regulating the pro-allergic cytokine production in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). METHODS Human corneal tissues and cultured primary HCECs were treated with IL-33 in different concentrations without or with different inhibitors to evaluate the expression, location and signaling pathways of ST2 in regulating production of pro-allergic cytokine and chemokine. The expression of mRNA was determined by reverse transcription and real time PCR, and protein production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining. ST2 protein was detected in donor corneal epithelium, and ST2 signal was enhanced by exposure to IL-33. RESULTS IL-33 significantly stimulated production of pro-allergic cytokines thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and chemokine (CCL2, CCL20, CCL22) in HCECs at both mRNA and protein levels. These stimulated productions of pro-allergic mediators by IL-33 were blocked by ST2 antibody or soluble ST2 protein (P<0.05). Interestingly, the IκB-α inhibitor BAY11-7082 or NF-κB activation inhibitor quinazoline blocked NF-κB p65 protein nuclear translocation, and also suppressed the productions of these pro-allergic cytokines and chemokine induced by IL-33. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that IL-33/ST2 signaling plays an important role in regulating IL-33 induced pro-allergic responses. IL-33 and ST2 could become novel molecular targets for the intervention of allergic diseases in ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
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22
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Orphan receptor IL-17RD tunes IL-17A signalling and is required for neutrophilia. Nat Commun 2013; 3:1119. [PMID: 23047677 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17A, the prototypical member of the interleukin-17 cytokine family, coordinates local tissue inflammation by recruiting neutrophils to sites of infection. Dysregulation of interleukin-17 signalling has been linked to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity. The interleukin-17 receptor family members (A-E) have a broad range of functional effects in immune signalling yet no known role has been described for the remaining orphan receptor, interleukin-17 receptor D, in regulating interleukin-17A-induced signalling pathways. Here we demonstrate that interleukin-17 receptor D can differentially regulate the various pathways employed by interleukin-17A. Neutrophil recruitment, in response to in vivo administration of interleukin-17A, is abolished in interleukin-17 receptor D-deficient mice, correlating with reduced interleukin-17A-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and expression of the neutrophil chemokine MIP-2. In contrast, interleukin-17 receptor D deficiency results in enhanced interleukin-17A-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappa B and interleukin-6 and keratinocyte chemoattractant expression. Interleukin-17 receptor D disrupts the interaction of Act1 and TRAF6 causing differential regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways.
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23
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Martin P, Talabot-Ayer D, Seemayer CA, Vigne S, Lamacchia C, Rodriguez E, Finckh A, Smith DE, Gabay C, Palmer G. Disease severity in K/BxN serum transfer-induced arthritis is not affected by IL-33 deficiency. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R13. [PMID: 23324173 PMCID: PMC3672723 DOI: 10.1186/ar4143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Interleukin (IL)-33 is a cytokine of the IL-1 family, which signals through the ST2 receptor. Previous work suggested implication of the IL-33/ST2 axis in the pathogenesis of human and mouse arthritis. Here, we directly investigated the role of endogenous IL-33 in K/BxN serum transfer-induced arthritis by using IL-33 knockout (KO) mice. Methods Arthritis was induced by injection of complete K/BxN serum or purified IgG. Disease severity was monitored by clinical and histological scoring. Results K/BxN serum transfer induced pronounced arthritis with similar incidence and severity in IL-33 KO and wild-type (WT) mice. In contrast, disease development was significantly reduced in ST2 KO mice. IL-33 expression in synovial tissue was comparable in arthritic WT and ST2 KO mice, and absent in IL-33 KO mice. Transfer of purified arthritogenic IgG instead of complete K/BxN serum also resulted in similar arthritis severity in IL-33 KO and WT mice, excluding a contribution of IL-33 contained in the serum of donor mice to explain this result. We investigated additional potential confounding factors, including purity of genetic background, but the mechanisms underlying reduced arthritis in ST2 KO mice remained unclear. Conclusions The data obtained with IL-33 KO mice indicate that endogenous IL-33 is not required for the development of joint inflammation in K/BxN serum transfer-induced arthritis. On the contrary, arthritis severity was reduced in ST2 KO mice. This observation might relate to IL-33 independent effects of ST2, and/or reveal the existence of confounding variables affecting the severity of joint inflammation in these KO strains.
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IL-33 drives biphasic IL-13 production for noncanonical Type 2 immunity against hookworms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 110:282-7. [PMID: 23248269 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1206587110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic helminths are a major cause of chronic human disease, affecting more than 3 billion people worldwide. Host protection against most parasitic helminths relies upon Type 2 cytokine production, but the mechanisms that regulate interleukin (IL) 4 and 13 production from CD4(+) T helper 2 cells (T(H)2) and innate lymphoid type 2 cells (ILC2s) remain incompletely understood. The epithelial cell-derived cytokines IL-25 and IL-33 promote Type 2 responses, but the extent of functional redundancy between these cytokines is unclear and whether Type 2 memory relies upon either IL-25 or IL-33 is unknown. Herein, we demonstrate a pivotal role for IL-33 in driving primary and anamnestic immunity against the rodent hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. IL-33-deficient mice have a selective defect in ILC2-derived IL-13 during both primary and secondary challenge infections but generate stronger canonical CD4(+) T helper 2 cells responses (IL-4, IgE, mast cells, and basophils) than WT controls. Lack of IL-13 production in IL-33-deficient mice impairs resistin-like molecule beta (RELMβ) expression and eosinophil recruitment, which are two mechanisms that eliminate N. brasiliensis parasites from infected hosts. Thus, IL-33 is requisite for IL-13 but not IL-4-driven Type 2 responses during hookworm infection.
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Ohno T, Morita H, Arae K, Matsumoto K, Nakae S. Interleukin-33 in allergy. Allergy 2012; 67:1203-14. [PMID: 22913600 DOI: 10.1111/all.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, which includes IL-1 and IL-18, and is considered to be important for host defense against nematodes by inducing Th2 cytokine production via the IL-33 receptor. IL-33 receptor is a heterodimer of IL-1 receptor-like 1 (IL-1RL1; also called ST2, T1, Der4, and fit-1) and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). On the other hand, excessive and/or inappropriate production of IL-33 is considered to be involved in the development of various disorders, such as allergic and autoimmune diseases. Unlike IL-1β and IL-18, IL-33 does not seem to be secreted through the activation of inflammasomes in events such as apoptosis. However, IL-33 is localized in the nucleus of cells and is released during tissue injury associated with necrosis. This suggests that it acts as an alarmin, like IL-1α and high-mobility group box chromosomal protein-1 (HMGB-1). This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the roles of IL-33 in the functions of various cell types and the pathogenesis of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsukuni Ohno
- Department of Molecular Immunology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo; Japan
| | | | | | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Immunology; National Research Institute for Child Health & Development; Tokyo; Japan
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Milovanovic M, Volarevic V, Radosavljevic G, Jovanovic I, Pejnovic N, Arsenijevic N, Lukic ML. IL-33/ST2 axis in inflammation and immunopathology. Immunol Res 2012; 52:89-99. [PMID: 22392053 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-012-8283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, binds to its plasma membrane receptor, heterodimeric complex consisted of membrane-bound ST2L and IL-1R accessory protein, inducing NFkB and MAPK activation. IL-33 exists as a nuclear precursor and may act as an alarmin, when it is released after cell damage or as negative regulator of NFκB gene transcription, when acts in an intracrine manner. ST2L is expressed on several immune cells: Th2 lymphocytes, NK, NKT and mast cells and on cells of myeloid lineage: monocytes, dendritic cells and granulocytes. IL-33/ST2 axis can promote both Th1 and Th2 immune responses depending on the type of activated cell and microenvironment and cytokine network in damaged tissue. We previously described and discuss here the important role of IL-33/ST2 axis in experimental models of type 1 diabetes, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, fulminant hepatitis and breast cancer. We found that ST2 deletion enhance the development of T cell-mediated autoimmune disorders, EAE and diabetes mellitus type I. Disease development was accompanied by dominantly Th1/Th17 immune response but also higher IL-33 production, which suggest that IL-33 in receptor independent manner could promote the development of inflammatory autoreactive T cells. IL-33/ST2 axis has protective role in Con A hepatitis. ST2-deficient mice had more severe hepatitis with higher influx of inflammatory cells in liver and dominant Th1/Th17 systemic response. Pretreatment of mice with IL-33 prevented Con A-induced liver damage through prevention of apoptosis of hepatocytes and Th2 amplification. Deletion of IL-33/ST2 axis enhances cytotoxicity of NK cells, production of IFN-γ in these cells and systemic production of IFN-γ, IL-17 and TNF-α, which leads to attenuated tumor growth. IL-33 treatment of tumor-bearing mice suppresses activity of NK cells, dendritic cell maturation and enhances alternative activation of macrophages. In conclusion, we observed that IL-33 has attenuated anti-inflammatory effects in T cell-mediated responses and that both IL-33 and ST2 could be further explored as potential therapeutic targets in treatment of immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Milovanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Morita H, Arae K, Ohno T, Kajiwara N, Oboki K, Matsuda A, Suto H, Okumura K, Sudo K, Takahashi T, Matsumoto K, Nakae S. ST2 requires Th2-, but not Th17-, type airway inflammation in epicutaneously antigen- sensitized mice. Allergol Int 2012; 61:265-73. [PMID: 22361513 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.11-oa-0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-33 is known to induce Th2-type cytokine production by various types of cells through its receptors, ST2 and IL-1RAcP. Polymorphism in the ST2 and/or IL-33 genes was found in patients with atopic dermatitis and asthma, implying that the IL-33/ST2 pathway is closely associated with susceptibility to these diseases. Exposure to allergens through damaged skin is suspected to be a trigger for allergen sensitization, resulting in development of such allergic disorders as asthma and atopic dermatitis. METHODS To elucidate the role(s) of the IL-33/ST2 pathway in asthma in individuals who had been epicutaneously sensitized to an antigen, wild-type and ST2-/- mice were epicutaneously sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and then were intranasally challenged with OVA. The degree of airway inflammation, the number of leukocytes and the activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs), The levels of cytokines and chemokines in lungs and OVA-specific IgE levels in sera were determined by histological analysis, a hemocytometer, colorimetric assay, quantitative PCR or ELISA, respectively. RESULTS The number of eosinophils in BALFs, the levels of Th2 cytokines and chemoattractants in the lungs and OVA-specific IgE in sera from ST2-/- mice were significantly reduced compared with wild-type mice. Although the number of neutrophils in BALFs and the pulmonary levels of IL-17 were comparable in both mice, the levels of MPO activity in BALFs and neutrophil chemoattractants in the lung were reduced in ST2-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS The IL-33/ST2 pathway is crucial for Th2-cytokine-mediated eosinophilic, rather than Th17-cytokine-mediated neutrophilic, airway inflammation in mice that had been epicutaneously sensitized with antigens and then challenged with antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Morita
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Faber TE, Schuurhof A, Vonk A, Koppelman GH, Hennus MP, Kimpen JLL, Janssen R, Bont LJ. IL1RL1 gene variants and nasopharyngeal IL1RL-a levels are associated with severe RSV bronchiolitis: a multicenter cohort study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34364. [PMID: 22574108 PMCID: PMC3344820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Targets for intervention are required for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis, a common disease during infancy for which no effective treatment exists. Clinical and genetic studies indicate that IL1RL1 plays an important role in the development and exacerbations of asthma. Human IL1RL1 encodes three isoforms, including soluble IL1RL1-a, that can influence IL33 signalling by modifying inflammatory responses to epithelial damage. We hypothesized that IL1RL1 gene variants and soluble IL1RL1-a are associated with severe RSV bronchiolitis. Methodology/Principal Findings We studied the association between RSV and 3 selected IL1RL1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1921622, rs11685480 or rs1420101 in 81 ventilated and 384 non-ventilated children under 1 year of age hospitalized with primary RSV bronchiolitis in comparison to 930 healthy controls. Severe RSV infection was defined by need for mechanical ventilation. Furthermore, we examined soluble IL1RL1-a concentration in nasopharyngeal aspirates from children hospitalized with primary RSV bronchiolitis. An association between SNP rs1921622 and disease severity was found at the allele and genotype level (p = 0.011 and p = 0.040, respectively). In hospitalized non-ventilated patients, RSV bronchiolitis was not associated with IL1RL1 genotypes. Median concentrations of soluble IL1RL1-a in nasopharyngeal aspirates were >20-fold higher in ventilated infants when compared to non-ventilated infants with RSV (median [and quartiles] 9,357 [936–15,528] pg/ml vs. 405 [112–1,193] pg/ml respectively; p<0.001). Conclusions We found a genetic link between rs1921622 IL1RL1 polymorphism and disease severity in RSV bronchiolitis. The potential biological role of IL1RL1 in the pathogenesis of severe RSV bronchiolitis was further supported by high local concentrations of IL1RL1 in children with most severe disease. We speculate that IL1RL1a modifies epithelial damage mediated inflammatory responses during RSV bronchiolitis and thus may serve as a novel target for intervention to control disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina E Faber
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
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Kim HY, Chang YJ, Subramanian S, Lee HH, Albacker LA, Matangkasombut P, Savage PB, McKenzie ANJ, Smith DE, Rottman JB, DeKruyff RH, Umetsu DT. Innate lymphoid cells responding to IL-33 mediate airway hyperreactivity independently of adaptive immunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 129:216-27.e1-6. [PMID: 22119406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma has been considered an immunologic disease mediated by T(H)2 cells and adaptive immunity. However, clinical and experimental observations suggest that additional pathways might regulate asthma, particularly in its nonallergic forms, such as asthma associated with air pollution, stress, obesity, and infection. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to understand T(H)2 cell-independent conditions that might lead to airway hyperreactivity (AHR), a cardinal feature of asthma. METHODS We examined a murine model of experimental asthma in which AHR was induced with glycolipid antigens, which activate natural killer T (NKT) cells. RESULTS In this model AHR developed rapidly when mice were treated with NKT cell-activating glycolipid antigens, even in the absence of conventional CD4(+) T cells. The activated NKT cells directly induced alveolar macrophages to produce IL-33, which in turn activated NKT cells, as well as natural helper cells, a newly described non-T, non-B, innate lymphoid cell type, to increase production of IL-13. Surprisingly, this glycolipid-induced AHR pathway required not only IL-13 but also IL-33 and its receptor, ST2, because it was blocked by an anti-ST2 mAb and was greatly reduced in ST2(-/-) mice. When adoptively transferred into IL-13(-/-) mice, both wild-type natural helper cells and NKT cells were sufficient for the development of glycolipid-induced AHR. CONCLUSION Because plant pollens, house dust, and some bacteria contain glycolipids that can directly activate NKT cells, these studies suggest that AHR and asthma can fully develop or be greatly enhanced through innate immune mechanisms involving IL-33, natural helper cells, and NKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Kim
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass, USA
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Miller AM. Role of IL-33 in inflammation and disease. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2011; 8:22. [PMID: 21871091 PMCID: PMC3175149 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-8-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is a new member of the IL-1 superfamily of cytokines that is expressed by mainly stromal cells, such as epithelial and endothelial cells, and its expression is upregulated following pro-inflammatory stimulation. IL-33 can function both as a traditional cytokine and as a nuclear factor regulating gene transcription. It is thought to function as an 'alarmin' released following cell necrosis to alerting the immune system to tissue damage or stress. It mediates its biological effects via interaction with the receptors ST2 (IL-1RL1) and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP), both of which are widely expressed, particularly by innate immune cells and T helper 2 (Th2) cells. IL-33 strongly induces Th2 cytokine production from these cells and can promote the pathogenesis of Th2-related disease such as asthma, atopic dermatitis and anaphylaxis. However, IL-33 has shown various protective effects in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiac remodeling. Thus, the effects of IL-33 are either pro- or anti-inflammatory depending on the disease and the model. In this review the role of IL-33 in the inflammation of several disease pathologies will be discussed, with particular emphasis on recent advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Miller
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, GBRC, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
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Wang X, Katwa P, Podila R, Chen P, Ke PC, Rao AM, Walters DM, Wingard CJ, Brown JM. Multi-walled carbon nanotube instillation impairs pulmonary function in C57BL/6 mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2011; 8:24. [PMID: 21851604 PMCID: PMC3170188 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-8-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are widely used in many disciplines due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Therefore, some concerns about the possible human health and environmental impacts of manufactured MWCNTs are rising. We hypothesized that instillation of MWCNTs impairs pulmonary function in C57BL/6 mice due to development of lung inflammation and fibrosis. Methods MWCNTs were administered to C57BL/6 mice by oropharyngeal aspiration (1, 2, and 4 mg/kg) and we assessed lung inflammation and fibrosis by inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen content, and histological assessment. Pulmonary function was assessed using a FlexiVent system and levels of Ccl3, Ccl11, Mmp13 and IL-33 were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA. Results Mice administered MWCNTs exhibited increased inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition and granuloma formation in lung tissue, which correlated with impaired pulmonary function as assessed by increased resistance, tissue damping, and decreased lung compliance. Pulmonary exposure to MWCNTs induced an inflammatory signature marked by cytokine (IL-33), chemokine (Ccl3 and Ccl11), and protease production (Mmp13) that promoted the inflammatory and fibrotic changes observed within the lung. Conclusions These results further highlight the potential adverse health effects that may occur following MWCNT exposure and therefore we suggest these materials may pose a significant risk leading to impaired lung function following environmental and occupational exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.
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Akhabir L, Sandford A. Genetics of interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 in immune and inflammatory diseases. Curr Genomics 2011; 11:591-606. [PMID: 21629437 PMCID: PMC3078684 DOI: 10.2174/138920210793360907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1) is gaining in recognition due to its involvement in immune/inflammatory disorders. Well-designed animal studies have shown its critical role in experimental allergic inflammation and human in vitro studies have consistently demonstrated its up-regulation in several conditions such as asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. The ligand for IL1RL1 is IL33 which emerged as playing an important role in initiating eosinophilic inflammation and activating other immune cells resulting in an allergic phenotype.An IL1RL1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was among the most significant results of a genome-wide scan investigating eosinophil counts; in the same study, this SNP associated with asthma in 10 populations.The IL1RL1 gene resides in a region of high linkage disequilibrium containing interleukin 1 receptor genes as well as interleukin 18 receptor and accessory genes. This poses a challenge to researchers interested in deciphering genetic association signals in the region as all of the genes represent interesting candidates for asthma and allergic disease.The IL1RL1 gene and its resulting soluble and receptor proteins have emerged as key regulators of the inflammatory process implicated in a large variety of human pathologies We review the function and expression of the IL1RL1 gene. We also describe the role of IL1RL1 in asthma, allergy, cardiovascular disease, infections, liver disease and kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Akhabir
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Providence Heart + Lung Institute, Room 166, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
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33
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Knosp CA, Carroll HP, Elliott J, Saunders SP, Nel HJ, Amu S, Pratt JC, Spence S, Doran E, Cooke N, Jackson R, Swift J, Fitzgerald DC, Heaney LG, Fallon PG, Kissenpfennig A, Johnston JA. SOCS2 regulates T helper type 2 differentiation and the generation of type 2 allergic responses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:1523-31. [PMID: 21646394 PMCID: PMC3135359 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of allergy and asthma in developed countries is on the increase and this trend looks likely to continue. CD4(+) T helper 2 (Th2) cells are major drivers of these diseases and their commitment is controlled by cytokines such as interleukin 4, which are in turn regulated by the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins. We report that SOCS2(-/-) CD4(+) T cells show markedly enhanced Th2 differentiation. SOCS2(-/-) mice, as well as RAG-1(-/-) mice transferred with SOCS2(-/-) CD4(+) T cells, exhibit elevated type 2 responses after helminth antigen challenge. Moreover, in in vivo models of atopic dermatitis and allergen-induced airway inflammation, SOCS2(-/-) mice show significantly elevated IgE, eosinophilia, type 2 responses, and inflammatory pathology relative to wild-type mice. Finally, after T cell activation, markedly enhanced STAT6 and STAT5 phosphorylation is observed in SOCS2(-/-) T cells, whereas STAT3 phosphorylation is blunted. Thus, we provide the first evidence that SOCS2 plays an important role in regulating Th2 cell expansion and development of the type 2 allergic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille A Knosp
- The Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland
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Chang YJ, Kim HY, Albacker LA, Baumgarth N, McKenzie ANJ, Smith DE, Dekruyff RH, Umetsu DT. Innate lymphoid cells mediate influenza-induced airway hyper-reactivity independently of adaptive immunity. Nat Immunol 2011; 12:631-8. [PMID: 21623379 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 637] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients with asthma, a major public health problem, are at high risk for serious disease from influenza virus infection, but the pathogenic mechanisms by which influenza A causes airway disease and asthma are not fully known. We show here in a mouse model that influenza infection acutely induced airway hyper-reactivity (AHR), a cardinal feature of asthma, independently of T helper type 2 (T(H)2) cells and adaptive immunity. Instead, influenza infection induced AHR through a previously unknown pathway that required the interleukin 13 (IL-13)-IL-33 axis and cells of the non-T cell, non-B cell innate lymphoid type called 'natural helper cells'. Infection with influenza A virus, which activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, resulted in much more production of IL-33 by alveolar macrophages, which in turn activated natural helper cells producing substantial IL-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jen Chang
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Besnard AG, Togbe D, Guillou N, Erard F, Quesniaux V, Ryffel B. IL-33-activated dendritic cells are critical for allergic airway inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:1675-86. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201041033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines. IL-33 is a nuclear protein that is also released into the extracellular space, and thus acts as a dual-function molecule, as does IL-1α. Extracellular IL-33 binds to the cell-surface receptor ST2, leading to the activation of intracellular signaling pathways similar to those used by IL-1. Unlike conventional cytokines, IL-33 might be secreted via unconventional pathways, and can be released upon cell injury as an alarmin. IL-33 is expressed in cells that are in contact with the environment, and acts as an early inducer of inflammation. Its production is then upregulated in inflamed tissues, thus contributing to the further amplification of inflammatory responses. Studies of IL-33-deficient mice will provide more information on intracellular functions of this cytokine. A large body of evidence supports the pathogenic role of IL-33 in asthma and possibly other inflammatory airway conditions. Furthermore, IL-33 has been shown to be involved in experimental models of arthritis and potentially has a pathogenic role in ulcerative colitis and fibrotic conditions, suggesting that IL-33 antagonists might be of interest for the treatment of asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis. However, IL-33 also appears to exert important functions in host defense against pathogens and to display cardioprotective properties, which might have implications for the clinical use of IL-33 blockade.
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37
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Ohno T, Oboki K, Morita H, Kajiwara N, Arae K, Tanaka S, Ikeda M, Iikura M, Akiyama T, Inoue JI, Matsumoto K, Sudo K, Azuma M, Okumura K, Kamradt T, Saito H, Nakae S. Paracrine IL-33 stimulation enhances lipopolysaccharide-mediated macrophage activation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18404. [PMID: 21494550 PMCID: PMC3073971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background IL-33, a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, provokes Th2-type inflammation accompanied by accumulation of eosinophils through IL-33R, which consists of ST2 and IL-1RAcP. We previously demonstrated that macrophages produce IL-33 in response to LPS. Some immune responses were shown to differ between ST2-deficient mice and soluble ST2-Fc fusion protein-treated mice. Even in anti-ST2 antibody (Ab)-treated mice, the phenotypes differed between distinct Ab clones, because the characterization of such Abs (i.e., depletion, agonistic or blocking Abs) was unclear in some cases. Methodology/Principal Findings To elucidate the precise role of IL-33, we newly generated neutralizing monoclonal Abs for IL-33. Exogenous IL-33 potentiated LPS-mediated cytokine production by macrophages. That LPS-mediated cytokine production by macrophages was suppressed by inhibition of endogenous IL-33 by the anti-IL-33 neutralizing mAbs. Conclusions/Significance Our findings suggest that LPS-mediated macrophage activation is accelerated by macrophage-derived paracrine IL-33 stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsukuni Ohno
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Oboki
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Morita
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Kajiwara
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Arae
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuko Tanaka
- Technical and Research Department, Ina Laboratory, Medical and Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Nagano, Japan
| | - Masako Ikeda
- Technical and Research Department, Ina Laboratory, Medical and Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Nagano, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Iikura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taishin Akiyama
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Inoue
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuko Sudo
- Animal Research Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Azuma
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas Kamradt
- Institut für Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Hirohisa Saito
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Nakae
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Frontier Research Initiative, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Louten J, Rankin AL, Li Y, Murphy EE, Beaumont M, Moon C, Bourne P, McClanahan TK, Pflanz S, de Waal Malefyt R. Endogenous IL-33 enhances Th2 cytokine production and T-cell responses during allergic airway inflammation. Int Immunol 2011; 23:307-15. [PMID: 21422152 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxr006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-33 is an IL-1-related cytokine which has been implicated in T(h)2-associated biology and allergic diseases in humans and mice. IL-33 stimulates T(h)2 cells, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, iNKT cells and circulating CD34(+) stem cells to proliferate and produce pro-allergic cytokines such as IL-5 and IL-13. IL-33 mediates its cytokine effects through a receptor consisting of ST2 and IL-1RAcP. Whereas IL-1RAcP is ubiquitously expressed, ST2 expression is cell-type restricted and determines responsiveness to IL-33. Studies employing ST2-deficient mice have reported variable results on the role of this receptor, and consequently IL-33, with regards to allergic lung inflammation. In this study, we demonstrate that IL-33 is important for allergic lung inflammation. Intra-nasal administration of IL-33 triggered an immediate allergic response in the airways, and more importantly, we show that endogenous IL-33 contributes to airway inflammation and peripheral antigen-specific responses in ovalbumin-induced acute allergic lung inflammation using IL-33-deficient mice. Our results suggest that IL-33 is sufficient and required for severe allergic inflammation in the lung and support the concept of IL-33 as a therapeutic target in allergic lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Louten
- Department of Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories (formerly Schering-Plough Biopharma), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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Nel HJ, Hams E, Saunders SP, Mangan NE, Smith P, Atzberger A, Flavell RA, Akira S, McKenzie AN, Fallon PG. Impaired Basophil Induction Leads to an Age-Dependent Innate Defect in Type 2 Immunity during Helminth Infection in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:4631-9. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Oboki K, Nakae S, Matsumoto K, Saito H. IL-33 and Airway Inflammation. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2011; 3:81-8. [PMID: 21461246 PMCID: PMC3062800 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2011.3.2.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is the 11th member of IL-1 cytokine family which includes IL-1 and IL-18. Unlike IL-1β and IL-18, IL-33 is suggested to function as an alarmin that is released upon endothelial or epithelial cell damage and may not enhance acquired immune responses through activation of inflammasome. ST2, a IL-33 receptor component, is preferentially expressed by T-helper type (Th) 2 cells, mast cells, eosinophils and basophils, compared to Th1 cells, Th17 cells and neutrophils. Thus, IL-33 profoundly enhances allergic inflammation through increased expression of proallergic cytokines and chemokines. Indeed, IL-33 and its receptor genes are recognized as the most susceptible genes for asthma by several recent genomewide association studies. It has also recently been shown that IL-33 plays a crucial role in innate eosinophilic airway inflammation rather than acquired immune responses such as IgE production. As such, IL-33 provides a unique therapeutic way for asthma, i.e., ameliorating innate airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Oboki
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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IL-33 is a crucial amplifier of innate rather than acquired immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:18581-6. [PMID: 20937871 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1003059107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 534] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-33, a member of the IL-1-related cytokines, is considered to be a proallergic cytokine that is especially involved in Th2-type immune responses. Moreover, like IL-1α, IL-33 has been suggested to act as an "alarmin" that amplifies immune responses during tissue injury. In contrast to IL-1, however, the precise roles of IL-33 in those settings are poorly understood. Using IL-1- and IL-33-deficient mice, we found that IL-1, but not IL-33, played a substantial role in induction of T cell-mediated type IV hypersensitivity such as contact and delayed-type hypersensitivity and autoimmune diseases such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Most notably, however, IL-33 was important for innate-type mucosal immunity in the lungs and gut. That is, IL-33 was essential for manifestation of T cell-independent protease allergen-induced airway inflammation as well as OVA-induced allergic topical airway inflammation, without affecting acquisition of antigen-specific memory T cells. IL-33 was significantly involved in the development of dextran-induced colitis accompanied by T cell-independent epithelial cell damage, but not in streptozocin-induced diabetes or Con A-induced hepatitis characterized by T cell-mediated apoptotic tissue destruction. In addition, IL-33-deficient mice showed a substantially diminished LPS-induced systemic inflammatory response. These observations indicate that IL-33 is a crucial amplifier of mucosal and systemic innate, rather than acquired, immune responses.
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Beltrán CJ, Núñez LE, Díaz-Jiménez D, Farfan N, Candia E, Heine C, López F, González MJ, Quera R, Hermoso MA. Characterization of the novel ST2/IL-33 system in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010; 16:1097-107. [PMID: 20014018 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ST2 has been proposed to be a regulator of inflammation and Th1/Th2 balance. ST2L is the IL-33 membrane receptor and belongs to the IL-1R family. The soluble variant, ST2s, is identical to the extracellular region of ST2L and competes for IL-33 binding, inhibiting receptor signaling. Although ST2s has been associated with inflammatory processes in patients with sepsis, trauma, asthma, and autoimmunity, until now there are no reported studies showing the role of ST2/IL-33 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS Expression of ST2 and IL-33 was determined in serum and colonic biopsies from IBD patients. ST2 transcript and protein was determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)/immunoblot, respectively, and IL-33 protein by ELISA. Intestinal mucosa localization of ST2 and IL-33 was conducted by immunofluorescence. RESULTS ST2s transcript in the colonic mucosa was mainly expressed in UC patients rather than Crohn's disease or control; however, ST2L mRNA remained constant in all samples. Total ST2 protein was significantly higher in mucosa samples from patients with active UC, with a predominant induction of ST2s that strongly correlates with serum ST2 levels. Mucosa IL-33 levels were higher in UC patients and serum levels were barely detected in all patient groups. ST2 and IL-33 are both abundantly expressed in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of control subjects; however, in ulcerative colitis patients ST2 decreases and IL-33 showed cytoplasm-nuclear redistribution. CONCLUSIONS The novel association between the ST2/IL-33 system and IBD seems to identify that variations in this axis might regulate the inflammatory process in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroll J Beltrán
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Oboki K, Ohno T, Kajiwara N, Saito H, Nakae S. IL-33 and IL-33 receptors in host defense and diseases. Allergol Int 2010; 59:143-60. [PMID: 20414050 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.10-rai-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, which includes IL-1 and IL-18. IL-33 is considered to be crucial for induction of Th2-type cytokine-associated immune responses such as host defense against nematodes and allergic diseases by inducing production of such Th2-type cytokines as IL-5 and IL-13 by Th2 cells, mast cells, basophils and eosinophils. In addition, IL-33 is involved in the induction of non-Th2-type acute and chronic inflammation as a proinflammatory cytokine, similar to IL-1 and IL-18. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge regarding the roles of IL-33 and IL-33 receptors in host defense and disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Oboki
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Amu S, Saunders SP, Kronenberg M, Mangan NE, Atzberger A, Fallon PG. Regulatory B cells prevent and reverse allergic airway inflammation via FoxP3-positive T regulatory cells in a murine model. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:1114-1124.e8. [PMID: 20304473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parasitic helminth infections of humans have been shown to suppress the immune response to allergens. Experimentally, infection of mice with the helminth Schistosoma mansoni prevents allergic airway inflammation and anaphylaxis via IL-10 and B cells. OBJECTIVE To identify and characterize the specific helminth-induced regulatory B-cell subpopulation and determine the mechanism by which these regulatory B cells suppress allergic airway inflammation. METHODS IL-10-producing B cells from the spleens of helminth-infected mice were phenotyped, isolated, and transferred to ovalbumin-sensitized mice, and their ability to modulate allergic airway inflammation was analyzed. RESULTS S mansoni infection induced IL-10-producing CD1d(high) regulatory B cells that could prevent ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation following passive transfer to ovalbumin-sensitized recipients. The capacity of regulatory B cells to suppress allergic airway inflammation was dependent on the expression of CD1d, and they functioned via an IL-10-mediated mechanism. Regulatory B cells induced pulmonary infiltration of CD4(+)CD25(+) forkhead box protein 3(+) regulatory T cells, independent of TGF-beta, thereby suppressing allergic airway inflammation. Regulatory B cells that were generated ex vivo also suppressed the development of allergic airway inflammation. Furthermore, the transfer of regulatory B cells reversed established airway inflammation in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. CONCLUSION We have generated in vivo and ex vivo a regulatory B cell that can prevent or reverse allergen-induced airway inflammation via regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Amu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Reijmerink NE, Bottema RWB, Kerkhof M, Gerritsen J, Stelma FF, Thijs C, van Schayck CP, Smit HA, Brunekreef B, Koppelman GH, Postma DS. TLR-related pathway analysis: novel gene-gene interactions in the development of asthma and atopy. Allergy 2010; 65:199-207. [PMID: 19968634 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02111.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The toll-like receptor (TLR)-related pathway is important in host defence and may be crucial in the development of asthma and atopy. Numerous studies have shown associations of TLR-related pathway genes with asthma and atopy phenotypes. So far it has not been investigated whether gene-gene interactions in this pathway contribute to atopy and asthma development. METHODS One hundred and sixty-nine haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 29 genes (i.e. membrane and intracellular receptors, TLR4 or lipopolysaccharide-binding/facilitating proteins, adaptors, interleukin-1 receptor associated kinases, kinases, chaperone molecules, transcription factors and inhibitors) were analysed for single- and multilocus associations with atopy [total and specific immunglobulin E (IgE) at 1-2 and 6-8 years] and asthma (6-8 years). A total of 3062 Dutch children from the birth cohorts PIAMA, PREVASC and KOALA (Allergenic study) were investigated. Chi-squared test, logistic regression and the data mining approach multifactor dimensionality reduction method (MDR) were used in analysis. RESULTS Several genes in the TLR-related pathway were associated with atopy and/or asthma [e.g. IL1RL1, BPI, NOD1, NOD2 and MAP3K7IP1]. Multiple, single associations were found with the phenotypes under study. MDR analysis showed novel, significant gene-gene interactions in association with atopy and asthma phenotypes (e.g. IL1RL1 and TLR4 with sIgE to indoor allergens and IRAK1, NOD1 and MAP3K7IP1 with asthma). Interestingly, gene-gene interactions were identified with SNPs that did not have an effect on their own. CONCLUSION Our unbiased approach provided suggestive evidence for interaction between several TLR-related pathway genes important in atopy and/or asthma development and pointed to novel genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Reijmerink
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
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Liew FY, Pitman NI, McInnes IB. Disease-associated functions of IL-33: the new kid in the IL-1 family. Nat Rev Immunol 2010; 10:103-10. [PMID: 20081870 DOI: 10.1038/nri2692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 771] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a newly described member of the IL-1 family, is expressed by many cell types following pro-inflammatory stimulation and is thought to be released on cell lysis. The IL-33 receptor, consisting of ST2 and IL-1 receptor accessory protein, is also widely expressed, particularly by T helper 2 (T(H)2) cells and mast cells. IL-33 is host-protective against helminth infection and reduces atherosclerosis by promoting T(H)2-type immune responses. However, IL-33 can also promote the pathogenesis of asthma by expanding T(H)2 cells and mediate joint inflammation, atopic dermatitis and anaphylaxis by mast cell activation. Thus IL-33 could be a new target for therapeutic intervention across a range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foo Y Liew
- Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
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Reijmerink NE, Postma DS, Koppelman GH. The candidate gene approach in asthma: what happens with the neighbours? Eur J Hum Genet 2010; 18:17; author reply 17-8. [PMID: 19654613 PMCID: PMC2987156 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi E Reijmerink
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Wu H, Romieu I, Shi M, Hancock DB, Li H, Sienra-Monge JJ, Chiu GY, Xu H, del Rio-Navarro BE, London SJ. Evaluation of candidate genes in a genome-wide association study of childhood asthma in Mexicans. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 125:321-327.e13. [PMID: 19910030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 200 asthma candidate genes have been examined in human association studies or identified with knockout mouse approaches. However, many have not been systematically replicated in human populations, especially those containing a large number of tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). OBJECTIVE We comprehensively evaluated the association of previously implicated asthma candidate genes with childhood asthma in a Mexico City population. METHODS From the literature, we identified candidate genes with at least 1 positive report of association with asthma phenotypes in human subjects or implicated in asthma pathogenesis using knockout mouse experiments. We performed a genome-wide association study in 492 asthmatic children aged 5 to 17 years and both parents using the Illumina HumanHap 550v3 BeadChip. Separate candidate gene analyses were performed for 2933 autosomal SNPs in the 237 selected genes by using the log-linear method with a log-additive risk model. RESULTS Sixty-one of the 237 genes had at least 1 SNP with a P value of less than .05 for association with asthma. The 9 most significant results were observed for rs2241715 in the gene encoding TGF-beta1 (TGFB1; P = 3.3 x 10(-5)), rs13431828 and rs1041973 in the gene encoding IL-1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1; P = 2 x 10(-4) and 3.5 x 10(-4)), 5 SNPs in the gene encoding dipeptidyl-peptidase 10 (DPP10; P = 1.6 x 10(-4) to 4.5 x 10(-4)), and rs17599222 in the gene encoding cytoplasmic FMR1 interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2; P = 4.1 x 10(-4)). False discovery rates were less than 0.1 for all 9 SNPs. Multimarker analysis identified TGFB1, IL1RL1, the gene encoding IL-18 receptor 1 (IL18R1), and DPP10 as the genes most significantly associated with asthma. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive analysis of literature-based candidate genes suggests that SNPs in several candidate genes, including TGFB1, IL1RL1, IL18R1, and DPP10, might contribute to childhood asthma susceptibility in a Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Smith DE. IL-33: a tissue derived cytokine pathway involved in allergic inflammation and asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 40:200-8. [PMID: 19906013 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03384.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Besides classic T cell-derived T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, tissue-produced cytokines such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-25 and IL-33 are now recognized as important contributors to allergic inflammation. IL-33 is produced by various tissue dwelling cells and broadly enhances allergic inflammation through its effects on hematopoietic cell types. The environmental or endogenous triggers that provoke IL-33 cellular release may be associated with infection, inflammation or tissue damage. This review summarizes the wide range of documented IL-33 activities on human cellular mediators of inflammation as well as genetic evidence that IL-33 contributes to disease. Finally, there will be a discussion of still unanswered questions regarding the mechanisms by which cytokine activity is generated and IL-33's relationship with other Th2-associated cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Smith
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, Seattle, WA 98119, USA.
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Gueders MM, Hirst SJ, Quesada-Calvo F, Paulissen G, Hacha J, Gilles C, Gosset P, Louis R, Foidart JM, Lopez-Otin C, Noël A, Cataldo DD. Matrix metalloproteinase-19 deficiency promotes tenascin-C accumulation and allergen-induced airway inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 43:286-95. [PMID: 19843707 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0426oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) recently appeared as key regulators of inflammation, allowing the recruitment and clearance of inflammatory cells and modifying the biological activity of many peptide mediators by cleavage. MMP-19 is newly described, and it preferentially cleaves matrix proteins such as collagens and tenascin-C. The role of MMP-19 in asthma has not been described to date. The present study sought to assess the expression of MMP-19 in a murine asthma model, and to address the biological effects of MMP-19 deficiency in mice. Allergen-exposed, wild-type mice displayed increased expression of MMP-19 mRNA and an increased number of MMP-19-positive cells in the lungs, as detected by immunohistochemistry. After an allergen challenge of MMP-19 knockout (MMP-19(-/-)) mice, exacerbated eosinophilic inflammation was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and bronchial tissue, along with increased airway responsiveness to methacholine. A shift toward increased T helper-2 lymphocyte (Th2)-driven inflammation in MMP-19(-/-) mice was demonstrated by (1) increased numbers of cells expressing the IL-33 receptor T(1)/ST(2) in lung parenchyma, (2) increased IgG(1) levels in serum, and (3) higher levels of IL-13 and eotaxin-1 in lung extracts. Tenascin-C was found to accumulate in peribronchial areas of MMP-19(-/-) after allergen challenges, as assessed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses. We conclude that MMP-19 is a new mediator in asthma, preventing tenascin-C accumulation and directly or indirectly controlling Th2-driven airway eosinophilia and airway hyperreactivity. Our data suggest that MMP-19 may act on Th2 inflammation homeostasis by preventing the accumulation of tenascin protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud M Gueders
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Liege and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Belgium
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