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Piñón Hofbauer J, Guttmann-Gruber C, Wally V, Sharma A, Gratz IK, Koller U. Challenges and progress related to gene editing in rare skin diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 208:115294. [PMID: 38527624 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Genodermatoses represent a large group of inherited skin disorders encompassing clinically-heterogeneous conditions that manifest in the skin and other organs. Depending on disease variant, associated clinical manifestations and secondary complications can severely impact patients' quality of life and currently available treatments are transient and not curative. Multiple emerging approaches using CRISPR-based technologies offer promising prospects for therapy. Here, we explore current advances and challenges related to gene editing in rare skin diseases, including different strategies tailored to mutation type and structural organization of the affected gene, considerations for in vivo and ex vivo applications, the critical issue of delivery into the skin, and immune aspects of therapy. Against the backdrop of a landmark FDA approval for the first re-dosable gene replacement therapy for a rare genetic skin disorder, gene editing approaches are inching closer to the clinics and the possibility of a local permanent cure for patients affected by these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Piñón Hofbauer
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christina Guttmann-Gruber
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Verena Wally
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anshu Sharma
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Iris K Gratz
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ulrich Koller
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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Liu Y, Huang W, Yang K, Du X, Guo X, Cao Y. The expression and significance of PD-L1 in condyloma acuminatum. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13558. [PMID: 38186053 PMCID: PMC10772475 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is highly expressed in cells during viral infection, which helps the virus escape host immunity. However, the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) and PD-L1 in condyloma acuminatum and whether they participate in immunosuppression have not been reported. In this paper, we aimed to explore the expression and significance of PD-L1 in condyloma acuminatum. METHODS The expression of PD-L1 in the wart of condyloma acuminatum patients and the foreskin of healthy individuals was evaluated. Lentivirus transfection was used to introduce the HPV11-E7 gene into HaCaT cells to investigate whether HPV infection could affect the expression of PD-L1. The successfully constructed HPV11-E7 HaCaT cells were cocultured with Jurkat cells, and Jurkat cell apoptosis and proliferation as well as the Jurkat cell cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. RESULTS PD-L1 was highly expressed in keratinocytes of genital warts. Through the construction of a cell model, we found that HPV11-E7 could upregulate the expression of PD-L1 in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, HPV11-E7 HaCaT cells can promote the apoptosis of Jurkat cells, inhibit the proliferation of Jurkat cells and mediate the cell cycle arrest of Jurkat cells through the PD-1/PD-L1 signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS HPV infection may upregulate PD-L1 expression in the keratinocytes of genital warts and participate in the inhibition of local T-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Liu
- Department of DermatologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Weiqi Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineUnion Jiangbei HospitalHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of DermatologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xiangxi Du
- Department of DermatologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xueyun Guo
- Department of DermatologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yuchun Cao
- Department of DermatologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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Khayyati Kohnehshahri M, Sarkesh A, Mohamed Khosroshahi L, HajiEsmailPoor Z, Aghebati-Maleki A, Yousefi M, Aghebati-Maleki L. Current status of skin cancers with a focus on immunology and immunotherapy. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:174. [PMID: 37605149 PMCID: PMC10440946 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most widespread cancers, with a significant global health effect. UV-induced DNA damage in skin cells triggers them to grow and proliferate out of control, resulting in cancer development. Two common types of skin cancer include melanoma skin cancer (MSC) and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer, and NMSC includes basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and other forms. The incidence of skin cancer is increasing in part owing to a demographic shift toward an aging population, which is more prone to NMSC, imposing a considerable financial strain on public health services. The introduction of immunostimulatory approaches for cancer cell eradication has led to significant improvements in skin cancer treatment. Over the last three decades, monoclonal antibodies have been used as powerful human therapeutics besides scientific tools, and along with the development of monoclonal antibody production and design procedures from chimeric to humanized and then fully human monoclonal antibodies more than 6 monoclonal antibodies have been approved by the food and drug administration (FDA) and have been successful in skin cancer treatment. In this review, we will discuss the epidemiology, immunology, and therapeutic approaches of different types of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Khayyati Kohnehshahri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Aila Sarkesh
- Student’s Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Ali Aghebati-Maleki
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Zeng B, Moi D, Tolley L, Molotkov N, Frazer IH, Perry C, Dolcetti R, Mazzieri R, Cruz JLG. Skin-Grafting and Dendritic Cell "Boosted" Humanized Mouse Models Allow the Pre-Clinical Evaluation of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines. Cells 2023; 12:2094. [PMID: 37626903 PMCID: PMC10453599 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have been hailed as one of the most remarkable medical advancements in human history, and their potential for treating cancer by generating or expanding anti-tumor T cells has garnered significant interest in recent years. However, the limited efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines in clinical trials can be partially attributed to the inadequacy of current preclinical mouse models in recapitulating the complexities of the human immune system. In this study, we developed two innovative humanized mouse models to assess the immunogenicity and therapeutic effectiveness of vaccines targeting human papillomavirus (HPV16) antigens and delivering tumor antigens to human CD141+ dendritic cells (DCs). Both models were based on the transference of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into immunocompromised HLA-A*02-NSG mice (NSG-A2), where the use of fresh PBMCs boosted the engraftment of human cells up to 80%. The dynamics of immune cells in the PBMC-hu-NSG-A2 mice demonstrated that T cells constituted the vast majority of engrafted cells, which progressively expanded over time and retained their responsiveness to ex vivo stimulation. Using the PBMC-hu-NSG-A2 system, we generated a hyperplastic skin graft model expressing the HPV16-E7 oncogene. Remarkably, human cells populated the skin grafts, and upon vaccination with a DNA vaccine encoding an HPV16-E6/E7 protein, rapid rejection targeted to the E7-expressing skin was detected, underscoring the capacity of the model to mount a vaccine-specific response. To overcome the decline in DC numbers observed over time in PBMC-hu-NSG-A2 animals, we augmented the abundance of CD141+ DCs, the specific targets of our tailored nanoemulsions (TNEs), by transferring additional autologous PBMCs pre-treated in vitro with the growth factor Flt3-L. The Flt3-L treatment bolstered CD141+ DC numbers, leading to potent antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in vivo, which caused the regression of pre-established triple-negative breast cancer and melanoma tumors following CD141+ DC-targeting TNE vaccination. Notably, using HLA-A*02-matching PBMCs for humanizing NSG-A2 mice resulted in a delayed onset of graft-versus-host disease and enhanced the efficacy of the TNE vaccination compared with the parental NSG strain. In conclusion, we successfully established two humanized mouse models that exhibited strong antigen-specific responses and demonstrated tumor regression following vaccination. These models serve as valuable platforms for assessing the efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines targeting HPV16-dysplastic skin and diverse tumor antigens specifically delivered to CD141+ DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijun Zeng
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Davide Moi
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Lynn Tolley
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Natalie Molotkov
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ian Hector Frazer
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Christopher Perry
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Roberta Mazzieri
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jazmina L. G. Cruz
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
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Williams ME, Williams AA, Naudé PJW. Viral protein R (Vpr)-induced neuroinflammation and its potential contribution to neuronal dysfunction: a scoping review. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:512. [PMID: 37545000 PMCID: PMC10405499 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are the result of the activity of HIV-1 within the central nervous system (CNS). While the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly reduced the occurrence of severe cases of HAND, milder cases still persist. The persistence of HAND in the modern ART era has been linked to a chronic dysregulated inflammatory profile. There is increasing evidence suggesting a potential role of Viral protein R (Vpr) in dysregulating the neuroinflammatory processes in people living with HIV (PLHIV), which may contribute to the development of HAND. Since the role of Vpr in neuroinflammatory mechanisms has not been clearly defined, we conducted a scoping review of fundamental research studies on this topic. The review aimed to assess the size and scope of available research literature on this topic and provide commentary on whether Vpr contributes to neuroinflammation, as highlighted in fundamental studies. Based on the specified selection criteria, 10 studies (6 of which were cell culture-based and 4 that included both animal and cell culture experiments) were eligible for inclusion. The main findings were that (1) Vpr can increase neuroinflammatory markers, with studies consistently reporting higher levels of TNF-α and IL-8, (2) Vpr induces (neuro)inflammation via specific pathways, including the PI3K/AKT, p38-MAPk, JNK-SAPK and Sur1-Trpm4 channels in astrocytes and the p38 and JNK-SAPK in myeloid cells, and (3) Vpr-specific protein amino acid signatures (73R, 77R and 80A) may play an important role in exacerbating neuroinflammation and the neuropathophysiology of HAND. Therefore, Vpr should be investigated for its potential contribution to neuroinflammation in the development of HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Petrus J W Naudé
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Gao Q, Fan T, Luo S, Zheng J, Zhang L, Cao L, Zhang Z, Li L, Huang Z, Zhang H, Huang L, Xiao Q, Qiu F. Lactobacillus gasseri LGV03 isolated from the cervico-vagina of HPV-cleared women modulates epithelial innate immune responses and suppresses the growth of HPV-positive human cervical cancer cells. Transl Oncol 2023; 35:101714. [PMID: 37331103 PMCID: PMC10366645 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections is necessary for the development of cervical cancers. An increasing number of retrospective studies have found the depletion of Lactobacillus microbiota in the cervico-vagina facilitate HPV infection and might be involved in viral persistence and cancer development. However, there have been no reports confirming the immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus microbiota isolated from cervico-vaginal samples of HPV clearance in women. Using cervico-vaginal samples from HPV persistent infection and clearance in women, this study investigated the local immune properties in cervical mucosa. As expected, type I interferons, such as IFN-α and IFN-β, and TLR3 globally downregulated in HPV+ persistence group. Luminex cytokine/chemokine panel analysis revealed that L. jannaschii LJV03, L. vaginalis LVV03, L. reuteri LRV03, and L. gasseri LGV03 isolated from cervicovaginal samples of HPV clearance in women altered the host's epithelial immune response, particularly L. gasseri LGV03. Furthermore, L. gasseri LGV03 enhanced the poly (I:C)-induced production of IFN by modulating the IRF3 pathway and attenuating poly (I:C)-induced production of proinflammatory mediators by regulating the NF-κB pathway in Ect1/E6E7 cells, indicating that L. gasseri LGV03 keeps the innate system alert to potential pathogens and reduces the inflammatory effects during persistent pathogen infection. L. gasseri LGV03 also markedly inhibited the proliferation of Ect1/E6E7 cells in a zebrafish xenograft model, which may be attributed to an increased immune response mediated by L. gasseri LGV03.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Gao
- Department of Gynecology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Obstetrics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Siying Luo
- Department of Gynecology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jieting Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Longbing Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528244, China
| | - Zikang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528244, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gynecology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital (Guangming), Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Zhu Huang
- Department of Gynecology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Huifen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Liuxuan Huang
- Department of Gynecology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Qing Xiao
- Department of Gynecology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528244, China.
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7
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Starobova H, Alshammari A, Winkler IG, Vetter I. The role of the neuronal microenvironment in sensory function and pain pathophysiology. J Neurochem 2022. [PMID: 36394416 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The high prevalence of pain and the at times low efficacy of current treatments represent a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. Effective treatment strategies require consideration of the diverse pathophysiologies that underlie various pain conditions. Indeed, our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to aberrant sensory neuron function has advanced considerably. However, sensory neurons operate in a complex dynamic microenvironment that is controlled by multidirectional interactions of neurons with non-neuronal cells, including immune cells, neuronal accessory cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, and keratinocytes. Each of these cells constitute and control the microenvironment in which neurons operate, inevitably influencing sensory function and the pathology of pain. This review highlights the importance of the neuronal microenvironment for sensory function and pain, focusing on cellular interactions in the skin, nerves, dorsal root ganglia, and spinal cord. We discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms by which neurons and non-neuronal cells communicate to promote or resolve pain, and how this knowledge could be used for the development of mechanism-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Starobova
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ammar Alshammari
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ingrid G Winkler
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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8
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Castro-Muñoz LJ, Rocha-Zavaleta L, Lizano M, Ramírez-Alcántara KM, Madrid-Marina V, Manzo-Merino J. Alteration of the IFN-Pathway by Human Papillomavirus Proteins: Antiviral Immune Response Evasion Mechanism. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112965. [PMID: 36428532 PMCID: PMC9687819 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A persistent infection with the so-called high-risk Human Papillomaviruses (hr-HPVs) plays a fundamental role in the development of different neoplasms. The expression of the HPV proteins throughout the different steps of the viral life cycle produce a disruption of several cellular processes, including immune response, which can lead to cell transformation. The interferon-mediated response plays an important role in eliminating HPV-infected and -transformed cells. The ability of HPV to disrupt the proper function of the interferon response is based on a series of molecular mechanisms coordinated by HPV proteins intended to prevent clearance of infection, ultimately producing an immunotolerant environment that facilitates the establishment of persistence and cancer. In this review, we focus on the molecular actions performed by HPV E1, E2, E5, E6 and E7 proteins on IFN signaling elements and their contribution to the establishment of infection, viral persistence and the progression to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Josué Castro-Muñoz
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Leticia Rocha-Zavaleta
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, Mexico City 04500, Mexico
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Katia Montserrat Ramírez-Alcántara
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Vicente Madrid-Marina
- Dirección de Infecciones Crónicas y Cáncer, Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Manzo-Merino
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Cátedras CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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9
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Silver Nanoparticles Biocomposite Films with Antimicrobial Activity: In Vitro and In Vivo Tests. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810671. [PMID: 36142584 PMCID: PMC9503464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Overuse of antimicrobials by the population has contributed to genetic modifications in bacteria and development of antimicrobial resistance, which is very difficult to combat nowadays. To solve this problem, it is necessary to develop new systems for the administration of antimicrobial active principles. Biocomposite systems containing silver nanoparticles can be a good medical alternative. In this context, the main objective of this study was to obtain a complex system in the form of a biocomposite film with antimicrobial properties based on chitosan, poly (vinyl alcohol) and silver nanoparticles. This new system was characterized from a structural and morphological point of view. The swelling degree, the mechanical properties and the efficiency of loading and release of an anti-inflammatory drug were also evaluated. The obtained biocomposite films are biocompatibles, this having been demonstrated by in vitro tests on HDFa cell lines, and have antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. The in vivo tests, carried out on rabbit subjects, highlighted the fact that signs of reduced fibrosis were specific to the C2P4.10.Ag1-IBF film sample, demonstrated by: intense expression of TNFAIP8 factors; as an anti-apoptotic marker, MHCII that favors immune cooperation among local cells; αSMA, which marks the presence of myofibroblasts involved in approaching the interepithelial spaces for epithelialization; and reduced expression of the Cox2 indicator of inflammation, Col I.
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10
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Matus CE, Ehrenfeld P, Figueroa CD. The family of kallikrein-related peptidases and kinin peptides as modulators of epidermal homeostasis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1070-C1087. [PMID: 35993513 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00012.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis is the outermost skin layer and is part of one of the largest organs in the body; it is supported by the dermis, a network of fibrils, blood vessels, pilosebaceous units, sweat glands, nerves, and cells. The skin as a whole is a protective shield against numerous noxious agents, including microorganisms and chemical and physical factors. These functions rely on the activity of multiple growth factors, peptide hormones, proteases, and specific signaling pathways that are triggered by the activation of distinct types of receptors sited in the cell membranes of the various cell types present in the skin. The human kallikrein family comprises a large group of 15 serine proteases synthesized and secreted by different types of epithelial cells throughout the body, including the skin. At this site, they initiate a proteolytic cascade that generates the active forms of the proteases, some of which regulate skin desquamation, activation of cytokines, and antimicrobial peptides. Kinin peptides are formed by the action of plasma and tissue kallikreins on kininogens, two plasma proteins produced in the liver and other organs. Although kinins are well known for their proinflammatory abilities, in the skin they are also considered important modulators of keratinocyte differentiation. In this review, we summarize the contributions of the kallikreins and kallikrein-related peptidases family and those of kinins and their receptors in skin homeostasis, with special emphasis on their pathophysiological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola E Matus
- Departament of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Center of Biomedical and Morphofunctional Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos D Figueroa
- Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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11
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Liu G, Li D, Zhang L, Xu Q, Zhuang D, Liu P, Hu L, Deng H, Sun J, Wang S, Zheng B, Guo J, Wu X. Phenformin Down-Regulates c-Myc Expression to Suppress the Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Keratinocytes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152429. [PMID: 35954273 PMCID: PMC9368166 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of many skin inflammation diseases, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, is still a challenge and inflammation plays important roles in multiple stages of skin tumor development, including initiation, promotion and metastasis. Phenformin, a biguanide drug, has been shown to play a more efficient anti-tumor function than another well-known biguanide drug, metformin, which has been reported to control the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines; however, little is known about the effects of phenformin on skin inflammation. This study used a mouse acute inflammation model, ex vivo skin organ cultures and in vitro human primary keratinocyte cultures to demonstrate that phenformin can suppress acute skin inflammatory responses induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in vivo and significantly suppresses the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in human primary keratinocytes in vitro. The suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression by phenformin was not directly through regulation of the MAPK or NF-κB pathways, but by controlling the expression of c-Myc in human keratinocytes. We demonstrated that the overexpression of c-Myc can induce pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and counteract the suppressive effect of phenformin on cytokine expression in keratinocytes. In contrast, the down-regulation of c-Myc produces effects similar to phenformin, both in cytokine expression by keratinocytes in vitro and in skin inflammation in vivo. Finally, we showed that phenformin, as an AMPK activator, down-regulates the expression of c-Myc through regulation of the AMPK/mTOR pathways. In summary, phenformin inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in keratinocytes through the down-regulation of c-Myc expression to play an anti-inflammation function in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Liu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dingyang Li
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan 250012, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan 250012, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Qiuping Xu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dexuan Zhuang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Panpan Liu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Pediatrics Dentistry, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Huiting Deng
- Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Jianfeng Sun
- Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan 250012, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo 315000, China
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (X.W.)
| | - Xunwei Wu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan 250012, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo 315000, China
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (X.W.)
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12
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Immunological Pathomechanisms of Spongiotic Dermatitis in Skin Lesions of Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126682. [PMID: 35743125 PMCID: PMC9223609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic pruritic skin disease with a complex pathogenesis underlying its heterogeneous clinical phenotypes and endotypes. The skin manifestation of AD reflects the cytokine milieu of a type-2-dominant immunity axis induced by genetic predisposition, innate immunity dysregulation, epidermal barrier defects, and allergic inflammation. However, the detailed pathomechanism of eczematous dermatitis, which is the principal characteristic of AD, remains unclear. This review examines previous studies demonstrating research progress in this area and considers the immunological pathomechanism of “spongiotic dermatitis”, which is the histopathological hallmark of eczematous dermatitis. Studies in this field have revealed the importance of IgE-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity, the Fas/Fas-ligand system, and cell-mediated cytotoxicity in inducing the apoptosis of keratinocytes in spongiotic dermatitis. Recent studies have demonstrated that, together with infiltrating CD4 T cells, IgE-expressing dendritic cells (i.e., inflammatory dendritic epidermal cells and Langerhans cells) that capture specific allergens (i.e., house dust mites) are present in the spongiotic epidermis of lichenified eczema in patients with IgE-allergic AD. These findings suggest that IgE-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of spongiotic dermatitis in the skin lesions of AD.
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13
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Liu B, Li A, Xu J, Cui Y. Single-Cell Transcriptional Analysis Deciphers the Inflammatory Response of Skin-Resident Stromal Cells. Front Surg 2022; 9:935107. [PMID: 35774389 PMCID: PMC9237500 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.935107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is the outermost barrier of the body. It has developed a sophisticated system against the ever-changing environment. The application of single-cell technologies has revolutionized dermatology research and unraveled the changes and interactions across skin resident cells in the healthy and inflamed skin. Single-cell technologies have revealed the critical roles of stromal cells in an inflammatory response and explained a series of plausible previous findings concerning skin immunity. Here, we summarized the functional diversity of skin stromal cells defined by single-cell analyses and how these cells orchestrated events leading to inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, vitiligo, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Dermatology, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingkai Xu
- Department of Dermatology, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Dermatology, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: Yong Cui
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14
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Das P, Mounika P, Yellurkar ML, Prasanna VS, Sarkar S, Velayutham R, Arumugam S. Keratinocytes: An Enigmatic Factor in Atopic Dermatitis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101683. [PMID: 35626720 PMCID: PMC9139464 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD), characterized by rashes, itching, and pruritus, is a chronic inflammatory condition of the skin with a marked infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lesion. It usually commences in early childhood and coexists with other atopic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, etc. With a prevalence rate of 1–20% in adults and children worldwide, AD is gradually becoming a major health concern. Immunological aspects have been frequently focused on in the pathogenesis of AD, including the role of the epidermal barrier and the consequent abnormal cytokine expressions. Disrupted epidermal barriers, as well as allergic triggers (food allergy), contact allergens, irritants, microbes, aggravating factors, and ultraviolet light directly initiate the inflammatory response by inducing epidermal keratinocytes, resulting in the abnormal release of various pro-inflammatory mediators, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines from keratinocytes. In addition, abnormal proteinases, gene mutations, or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) affecting the function of the epidermal barrier can also contribute towards disease pathophysiology. Apart from this, imbalances in cholinergic or adrenergic responses in the epidermis or the role played by immune cells in the epidermis such as Langerhans cells or antigen-presenting cells can also aggravate pathophysiology. The dearth of specific biomarkers for proper diagnosis and the lack of a permanent cure for AD necessitate investigation in this area. In this context, the widespread role played by keratinocytes in the pathogenesis of AD will be reviewed in this article to facilitate the opening up of new avenues of treatment for AD.
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15
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Skin immunity: dissecting the complex biology of our body's outer barrier. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:551-561. [PMID: 35361906 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Our skin contributes critically to health via its role as a barrier tissue, carefully regulating passage of key substrates while also providing defense against exogenous threats. Immunological processes are integral to almost every skin function and paramount to our ability to live symbiotically with skin commensal microbes and other environmental stimuli. While many parallels can be drawn to immunobiology at other mucosal sites, skin immunity demonstrates unique features that relate to its distinct topography, chemical composition and microbial ecology. Here we provide an overview of skin as an immune organ, with reference to the broader context of mucosal immunology. We review paradigms of innate as well as adaptive immune function and highlight how skin-specific structures such as hair follicles and sebaceous glands interact and contribute to these processes. Finally, we highlight for the mucosal immunology community a few emerging areas of interest for the skin immunity field moving forward.
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16
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Unraveling the Role of Sex Hormones on Keratinocyte Functions in Human Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063132. [PMID: 35328552 PMCID: PMC8955788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin exerts several fundamental functions that are the first physical, chemical and immune barriers to the human body. Keratinocytes, the main cell type of the epidermis, provide mechanical defense, support skin integrity and actively endorse cutaneous immune responses. Not surprisingly, considering these crucial activities, alterations in keratinocyte functions are associated with different inflammatory skin diseases. Recent findings indicate that the skin should not only be regarded as a target for hormones but that it should also be considered as an endocrine peripheral organ that is directly involved in the synthesis and metabolism of these chemical messengers. Sex hormones have multiple effects on the skin, attributed to the binding with intracellular receptors expressed by different skin cell populations, including keratinocytes, that activate downstream signaling routes that modulate specific cellular functions and activities. This review is aimed at reorganizing the current knowledge on the role exerted by sex hormones on keratinocyte function in five different inflammatory skin diseases: Hidradenitis suppurativa; Acne vulgaris; Atopic dermatitis; progesterone hypersensitivity; psoriasis. The results of our work aim to provide a deeper insight into common cellular mechanisms and molecular effectors that might constitute putative targets to address for the development of specific therapeutic interventions.
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17
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Chen B, Yang J, Song Y, Zhang D, Hao F. Skin Immunosenescence and Type 2 Inflammation: A Mini-Review With an Inflammaging Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:835675. [PMID: 35281103 PMCID: PMC8908007 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.835675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin-resident stromal cells, including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, adipocytes, and immune cells including Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, T cells, and innate lymphoid cells, and their functional products work in concert to ensure the realization of skin barrier immunity. However, aging-induced immunosenescence predisposes the elderly to pruritic dermatoses, including type 2 inflammation-mediated. Inflammaging, characterized by chronic low level of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from senescent cells with the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), may drive immunosenescence and tangle with type 2 inflammatory dermatoses. The present mini-review summarizes current evidence on immunosenescence and type 2 inflammation in the skin and further focuses on future needs from an inflammaging perspective to clarify their complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangtao Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Song
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daojun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Hao
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Hao,
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18
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Rodrigues de Souza I, Savio de Araujo-Souza P, Morais Leme D. Genetic variants affecting chemical mediated skin immunotoxicity. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2022; 25:43-95. [PMID: 34979876 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2021.2013372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The skin is an immune-competent organ and this function may be impaired by exposure to chemicals, which may ultimately result in immune-mediated dermal disorders. Interindividual variability to chemical-induced skin immune reactions is associated with intrinsic individual characteristics and their genomes. In the last 30-40 years, several genes influencing susceptibility to skin immune reactions were identified. The aim of this review is to provide information regarding common genetic variations affecting skin immunotoxicity. The polymorphisms selected for this review are related to xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (CYPA1 and CYPB1 genes), antioxidant defense (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genes), aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway (AHR and ARNT genes), skin barrier function transepidermal water loss (FLG, CASP14, and SPINK5 genes), inflammation (TNF, IL10, IL6, IL18, IL31, and TSLP genes), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and neuroendocrine system peptides (CALCA, TRPV1, ACE genes). These genes present variants associated with skin immune responses and diseases, as well as variants associated with protecting skin immune homeostasis following chemical exposure. The molecular and association studies focusing on these genetic variants may elucidate their functional consequences and contribution in the susceptibility to skin immunotoxicity. Providing information on how genetic variations affect the skin immune system may reduce uncertainties in estimating chemical hazards/risks for human health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniela Morais Leme
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, Brazil
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19
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Mestrallet G, Rouas-Freiss N, LeMaoult J, Fortunel NO, Martin MT. Skin Immunity and Tolerance: Focus on Epidermal Keratinocytes Expressing HLA-G. Front Immunol 2021; 12:772516. [PMID: 34938293 PMCID: PMC8685247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the role of epidermal cells in skin regeneration has been extensively documented, their functions in immunity and tolerance mechanisms are largely underestimated. The aim of the present review was to outline the state of knowledge on resident immune cells of hematopoietic origin hosted in the epidermis, and then to focus on the involvement of keratinocytes in the complex skin immune networks acting in homeostasis and regeneration conditions. Based on this knowledge, the mechanisms of immune tolerance are reviewed. In particular, strategies based on immunosuppression mediated by HLA-G are highlighted, as recent advances in this field open up perspectives in epidermis-substitute bioengineering for temporary and permanent skin replacement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mestrallet
- Commissariat ã l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, DRF, Francois Jacob Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Genomics and Radiobiology of Keratinopoiesis, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, Evry, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Nathalie Rouas-Freiss
- Commissariat ã l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, DRF, Francois Jacob Institute of Biology, Hemato-Immunology Research Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S 976 HIPI Unit, Paris, France
| | - Joel LeMaoult
- Commissariat ã l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, DRF, Francois Jacob Institute of Biology, Hemato-Immunology Research Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S 976 HIPI Unit, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas O Fortunel
- Commissariat ã l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, DRF, Francois Jacob Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Genomics and Radiobiology of Keratinopoiesis, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, Evry, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Michele T Martin
- Commissariat ã l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, DRF, Francois Jacob Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Genomics and Radiobiology of Keratinopoiesis, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, Evry, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Saint-Aubin, France
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20
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Moon S, Kim DH, Shin JU. In Vitro Models Mimicking Immune Response in the Skin. Yonsei Med J 2021; 62:969-980. [PMID: 34672130 PMCID: PMC8542468 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2021.62.11.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is the first line of defense of our body, and it is composed of the epidermis and dermis with diverse immune cells. Various in vitro models have been investigated to recapitulate the immunological functions of the skin and to model inflammatory skin diseases. The simplest model is a two-dimensional (2D) co-culture system, which helps understand the direct and indirect cell-to-cell interactions between immune and structural cells; however, it has limitations when observing three-dimensional (3D) interactions or reproducing skin barriers. Conversely, 3D skin constructs can mimic the human skin characteristics in terms of epidermal and dermal structures, barrier functions, cell migration, and cell-to-cell interaction in the 3D space. Recently, as the importance of neuro-immune-cutaneous interactions in the inflammatory response is emerging, 3D skin constructs containing both immune cells and neurons are being developed. A microfluidic culture device called "skin-on-a-chip," which simulates the structures and functions of the human skin with perfusion, was also developed to mimic immune cell migration through the vascular system. This review summarizes the in vitro skin models with immune components, focusing on two highly prevalent chronic inflammatory skin diseases: atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. The development of these models will be valuable in studying the pathophysiology of skin diseases and evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Moon
- CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Dermatology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung U Shin
- CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Dermatology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea.
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21
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Ramachandran D, Dörk T. Genomic Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5137. [PMID: 34680286 PMCID: PMC8533931 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth common cancer amongst women worldwide. Infection by high-risk human papilloma virus is necessary in most cases, but not sufficient to develop invasive cervical cancer. Despite a predicted genetic heritability in the range of other gynaecological cancers, only few genomic susceptibility loci have been identified thus far. Various case-control association studies have found corroborative evidence for several independent risk variants at the 6p21.3 locus (HLA), while many reports of associations with variants outside the HLA region remain to be validated in other cohorts. Here, we review cervical cancer susceptibility variants arising from recent genome-wide association studies and meta-analysis in large cohorts and propose 2q14 (PAX8), 17q12 (GSDMB), and 5p15.33 (CLPTM1L) as consistently replicated non-HLA cervical cancer susceptibility loci. We further discuss the available evidence for these loci, knowledge gaps, future perspectives, and the potential impact of these findings on precision medicine strategies to combat cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany;
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22
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Béziat V, Rapaport F, Hu J, Titeux M, Bonnet des Claustres M, Bourgey M, Griffin H, Bandet É, Ma CS, Sherkat R, Rokni-Zadeh H, Louis DM, Changi-Ashtiani M, Delmonte OM, Fukushima T, Habib T, Guennoun A, Khan T, Bender N, Rahman M, About F, Yang R, Rao G, Rouzaud C, Li J, Shearer D, Balogh K, Al Ali F, Ata M, Dabiri S, Momenilandi M, Nammour J, Alyanakian MA, Leruez-Ville M, Guenat D, Materna M, Marcot L, Vladikine N, Soret C, Vahidnezhad H, Youssefian L, Saeidian AH, Uitto J, Catherinot É, Navabi SS, Zarhrate M, Woodley DT, Jeljeli M, Abraham T, Belkaya S, Lorenzo L, Rosain J, Bayat M, Lanternier F, Lortholary O, Zakavi F, Gros P, Orth G, Abel L, Prétet JL, Fraitag S, Jouanguy E, Davis MM, Tangye SG, Notarangelo LD, Marr N, Waterboer T, Langlais D, Doorbar J, Hovnanian A, Christensen N, Bossuyt X, Shahrooei M, Casanova JL. Humans with inherited T cell CD28 deficiency are susceptible to skin papillomaviruses but are otherwise healthy. Cell 2021; 184:3812-3828.e30. [PMID: 34214472 PMCID: PMC8329841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We study a patient with the human papilloma virus (HPV)-2-driven "tree-man" phenotype and two relatives with unusually severe HPV4-driven warts. The giant horns form an HPV-2-driven multifocal benign epithelial tumor overexpressing viral oncogenes in the epidermis basal layer. The patients are unexpectedly homozygous for a private CD28 variant. They have no detectable CD28 on their T cells, with the exception of a small contingent of revertant memory CD4+ T cells. T cell development is barely affected, and T cells respond to CD3 and CD2, but not CD28, costimulation. Although the patients do not display HPV-2- and HPV-4-reactive CD4+ T cells in vitro, they make antibodies specific for both viruses in vivo. CD28-deficient mice are susceptible to cutaneous infections with the mouse papillomavirus MmuPV1. The control of HPV-2 and HPV-4 in keratinocytes is dependent on the T cell CD28 co-activation pathway. Surprisingly, human CD28-dependent T cell responses are largely redundant for protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Béziat
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France; The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | | | - Jiafen Hu
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Matthias Titeux
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Élise Bandet
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Roya Sherkat
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, AIRC, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | | | - David M Louis
- Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Ottavia M Delmonte
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Toshiaki Fukushima
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Noemi Bender
- German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Frédégonde About
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rui Yang
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Geetha Rao
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Claire Rouzaud
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jingwei Li
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Debra Shearer
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Karla Balogh
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | | | | | - Soroosh Dabiri
- Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, 054 Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Justine Nammour
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | | | - David Guenat
- Papillomavirus National Reference Center, Besançon Hospital, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Marie Materna
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Léa Marcot
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Natasha Vladikine
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christine Soret
- Papillomavirus National Reference Center, Besançon Hospital, 25030 Besançon, France
| | | | | | | | - Jouni Uitto
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | | | - Mohammed Zarhrate
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - David T Woodley
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | | | - Thomas Abraham
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | | | - Lazaro Lorenzo
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Rosain
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mousa Bayat
- Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, 054 Zahedan, Iran
| | - Fanny Lanternier
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lortholary
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Faramarz Zakavi
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, 061 Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Philippe Gros
- McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | | | - Laurent Abel
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France; The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Prétet
- Papillomavirus National Reference Center, Besançon Hospital, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Sylvie Fraitag
- Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France; The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mark M Davis
- HHMI, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Tim Waterboer
- German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Langlais
- McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | | | - Alain Hovnanian
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Neil Christensen
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | | | - Mohammad Shahrooei
- University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Dr. Shahrooei Lab, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, 75015 Paris, France; The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; HHMI, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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23
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Messner F, Etra JW, Shores JT, Thoburn CJ, Hackl H, Iglesias Lozano M, Fidder SAJ, Guo Y, Kambarashvili K, Alagol K, Kalsi R, Beck SE, Cooney C, Furtmüller GJ, Krapf J, Oh BC, Brandacher G. Noninvasive evaluation of intragraft immune responses in upper extremity transplantation. Transpl Int 2021; 34:894-905. [PMID: 33626223 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA), invasive tissue biopsies remain the gold standard in diagnosing rejection carrying significant morbidity. We aimed to show feasibility of tape-stripping for noninvasive immune monitoring in VCA. Tape-stripping was performed on allografts and native skin of upper extremity transplant recipients. Healthy nontransplanted individuals served as controls. The technique was also used in swine on naïve skin in nontransplanted animals, native skin of treated, transplanted swine, nonrejecting VCAs, and rejecting VCAs. Extracted protein was analyzed for differences in cytokine expression using Luminex technology. Significantly decreased levels of INFγ and IL-1Ra were seen between human allograft samples and native skin. In swine, rejecting grafts had increased IL-1Ra compared to naïve and native skin, decreased levels of GM-CSF compared to native skin, and decreased IL-10 compared to nonrejecting grafts. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering revealed rejecting grafts separated from the nonrejecting (P = 0.021). Variable importance in projection scores identified GM-CSF, IL-1Ra, and IL-2 as the most important profiles for group discrimination. Differences in cytokine expression are detectable in human VCA patient native skin and VCA graft skin using a noninvasive tape-stripping method. Swine studies suggest that differences in cytokines between rejecting and nonrejecting grafts are discernable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franka Messner
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Joanna W Etra
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jaimie T Shores
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher J Thoburn
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marcos Iglesias Lozano
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samuel A J Fidder
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yinan Guo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ketevan Kambarashvili
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kemal Alagol
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richa Kalsi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah E Beck
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carisa Cooney
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Georg J Furtmüller
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Johanna Krapf
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Byoung Chol Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gerald Brandacher
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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24
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Passelli K, Billion O, Tacchini-Cottier F. The Impact of Neutrophil Recruitment to the Skin on the Pathology Induced by Leishmania Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:649348. [PMID: 33732265 PMCID: PMC7957080 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.649348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania (L.) are obligate intracellular protozoan parasites that cause the leishmaniases, a spectrum of neglected infectious vector-borne diseases with a broad range of clinical manifestations ranging from local cutaneous, to visceral forms of the diseases. The parasites are deposited in the mammalian skin during the blood meal of an infected female phlebotomine sand fly. The skin is a complex organ acting as the first line of physical and immune defense against pathogens. Insults to skin integrity, such as that occurring during insect feeding, induces the local secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules generating the rapid recruitment of neutrophils. At the site of infection, skin keratinocytes play a first role in host defense contributing to the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the infected dermis, of which neutrophils are the first recruited cells. Although neutrophils efficiently kill various pathogens including Leishmania, several Leishmania species have developed mechanisms to survive in these cells. In addition, through their rapid release of cytokines, neutrophils modulate the skin microenvironment at the site of infection, a process shaping the subsequent development of the adaptive immune response. Neutrophils may also be recruited later on in unhealing forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis and to the spleen and liver in visceral forms of the disease. Here, we will review the mechanisms involved in neutrophil recruitment to the skin following Leishmania infection focusing on the role of keratinocytes in this process. We will also discuss the distinct involvement of neutrophils in the outcome of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuska Passelli
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Collaborative Centre for Research and Training in Immunology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oaklyne Billion
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Collaborative Centre for Research and Training in Immunology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Tacchini-Cottier
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Collaborative Centre for Research and Training in Immunology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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25
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Huitema L, Phillips T, Alexeev V, Tomic-Canic M, Pastar I, Igoucheva O. Intracellular escape strategies of Staphylococcus aureus in persistent cutaneous infections. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:1428-1439. [PMID: 33179358 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic invasion of Staphylococcus aureus is a major concern in patients with chronic skin diseases like atopic dermatitis (AD), epidermolysis bullosa (EB), or chronic diabetic foot and venous leg ulcers, and can result in persistent and life-threatening chronic non-healing wounds. Staphylococcus aureus is generally recognized as extracellular pathogens. However, S. aureus can also invade, hide and persist in skin cells to contribute to wound chronicity. The intracellular life cycle of S. aureus is currently incompletely understood, although published studies indicate that its intracellular escape strategies play an important role in persistent cutaneous infections. This review provides current scientific knowledge about the intracellular life cycle of S. aureus in skin cells, which can be classified into professional and non-professional antigen-presenting cells, and its strategies to escape adaptive defense mechanisms. First, we discuss phenotypic switch of S. aureus, which affects intracellular routing and degradation. This review also evaluates potential intracellular escape mechanism of S. aureus to avoid intracellular degradation and antigen presentation, preventing an immune response. Furthermore, we discuss potential drug targets that can interfere with the intracellular life cycle of S. aureus. Taken together, this review aimed to increase scientific understanding about the intracellular life cycle of S. aureus into skin cells and its strategies to evade the host immune response, information that is crucial to reduce pathogenic invasion and life-threatening persistence of S. aureus in chronic cutaneous infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Huitema
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Taylor Phillips
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vitali Alexeev
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Irena Pastar
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Olga Igoucheva
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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26
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Jiang Y, Tsoi LC, Billi AC, Ward NL, Harms PW, Zeng C, Maverakis E, Kahlenberg JM, Gudjonsson JE. Cytokinocytes: the diverse contribution of keratinocytes to immune responses in skin. JCI Insight 2020; 5:142067. [PMID: 33055429 PMCID: PMC7605526 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin serves as the primary interface between our body and the external environment and acts as a barrier against entry of physical agents, chemicals, and microbes. Keratinocytes make up the main cellular constitute of the outermost layer of the skin, contributing to the formation of the epidermis, and they are crucial for maintaining the integrity of this barrier. Beyond serving as a physical barrier component, keratinocytes actively participate in maintaining tissue homeostasis, shaping, amplifying, and regulating immune responses in skin. Keratinocytes act as sentinels, continuously monitoring changes in the environment, and, through microbial sensing, stretch, or other physical stimuli, can initiate a broad range of inflammatory responses via secretion of various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. This diverse function of keratinocytes contributes to the highly variable clinical manifestation of skin immune responses. In this Review, we highlight the highly diverse functions of epidermal keratinocytes and their contribution to various immune-mediated skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics and Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Allison C Billi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicole L Ward
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul W Harms
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - J Michelle Kahlenberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Michigan, USA.,A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute, Michigan, USA
| | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute, Michigan, USA
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27
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Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Skin Barrier Repair in Individuals with Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207607. [PMID: 33066696 PMCID: PMC7589391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that exhibits a complex interplay of skin barrier disruption and immune dysregulation. Patients with AD are susceptible to cutaneous infections that may progress to complications, including staphylococcal septicemia. Although most studies have focused on filaggrin mutations, the physical barrier and antimicrobial barrier also play critical roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Within the physical barrier, the stratum corneum and tight junctions play the most important roles. The tight junction barrier is involved in the pathogenesis of AD, as structural and functional defects in tight junctions not only disrupt the physical barrier but also contribute to immunological impairments. Furthermore, antimicrobial peptides, such as LL-37, human b-defensins, and S100A7, improve tight junction barrier function. Recent studies elucidating the pathogenesis of AD have led to the development of barrier repair therapy for skin barrier defects in patients with this disease. This review analyzes the association between skin barrier disruption in patients with AD and antimicrobial peptides to determine the effect of these peptides on skin barrier repair and to consider employing antimicrobial peptides in barrier repair strategies as an additional approach for AD management.
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28
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Mechanical Irritation in Vascularized Composite Tissue Allotransplantation Triggers Localized Skin Rejection. Transplantation 2020; 104:956-969. [PMID: 31929424 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical and thermal stress has been observed to trigger skin rejection in hand-transplanted patients. This study aims to investigate this phenomenon. METHODS Syngeneic and allogeneic orthotopic hindlimb transplantations were performed using male rats (Brown Norway to Lewis). Using a specially designed device, standardized mechanical skin irritation at a force of 5 N was applied to the planta pedis of the transplanted limb for 10 days, 4 times daily for 10 minutes. Biopsies, taken on day 10 and after a 5-day observational period, were assessed for macroscopic alterations using a standardized scale, by histopathology and immunohistochemistry, and for inflammatory protein expression using Luminex technology. RESULTS Allogeneic animals displayed significant aggravated macroscopic skin alterations compared with naive (P < 0.0001) and syngeneic controls (P = 0.0023). Histopathology showed a trend toward higher rejection/inflammation grades in allogeneic animals compared with syngeneic controls. Minor skin alterations in syngeneic limbs recovered quickly; however, in allogeneic limbs, macroscopic skin alterations were significantly more pronounced (P < 0.0001) 5 days after irritation. Interleukin-1b and interferon-γ levels were upregulated in skin of allogeneic limbs. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical skin irritation in vascularized composite allotransplantation can trigger localized skin inflammation consistent with rejection.
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29
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Nasiri G, Azarpira N, Alizadeh A, Goshtasbi S, Tayebi L. Shedding light on the role of keratinocyte-derived extracellular vesicles on skin-homing cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:421. [PMID: 32993791 PMCID: PMC7523352 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secretory lipid membranes with the ability to regulate cellular functions by exchanging biological components between different cells. Resident skin cells such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, and inflammatory cells can secrete different types of EVs depending on their biological state. These vesicles can influence the physiological properties and pathological processes of skin, such as pigmentation, cutaneous immunity, and wound healing. Since keratinocytes constitute the majority of skin cells, secreted EVs from these cells may alter the pathophysiological behavior of other skin cells. This paper reviews the contents of keratinocyte-derived EVs and their impact on fibroblasts, melanocytes, and immune cells to provide an insight for better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of skin disorders and their use in related therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golara Nasiri
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Khalili Street, Shiraz, 7193711351 Iran
| | - Aliakbar Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Goshtasbi
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Khalili Street, Shiraz, 7193711351 Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA
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30
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Bertolini M, McElwee K, Gilhar A, Bulfone‐Paus S, Paus R. Hair follicle immune privilege and its collapse in alopecia areata. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:703-725. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin McElwee
- Monasterium Laboratory Münster Germany
- Centre for Skin Sciences University of Bradford Bradford UK
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Amos Gilhar
- Laboratory for Skin Research Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Silvia Bulfone‐Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory Münster Germany
- Centre for Dermatology Research University of Manchester and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Manchester UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory Münster Germany
- Centre for Dermatology Research University of Manchester and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Manchester UK
- Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
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31
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Shao S, Tsoi LC, Sarkar MK, Xing X, Xue K, Uppala R, Berthier CC, Zeng C, Patrick M, Billi AC, Fullmer J, Beamer MA, Perez-White B, Getsios S, Schuler A, Voorhees JJ, Choi S, Harms P, Kahlenberg JM, Gudjonsson JE. IFN-γ enhances cell-mediated cytotoxicity against keratinocytes via JAK2/STAT1 in lichen planus. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/511/eaav7561. [PMID: 31554739 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav7561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic debilitating inflammatory disease of unknown etiology affecting the skin, nails, and mucosa with no current FDA-approved treatments. It is histologically characterized by dense infiltration of T cells and epidermal keratinocyte apoptosis. Using global transcriptomic profiling of patient skin samples, we demonstrate that LP is characterized by a type II interferon (IFN) inflammatory response. The type II IFN, IFN-γ, is demonstrated to prime keratinocytes and increase their susceptibility to CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxic responses through MHC class I induction in a coculture model. We show that this process is dependent on Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), but not JAK1 or STAT2 signaling. Last, using drug prediction algorithms, we identify JAK inhibitors as promising therapeutic agents in LP and demonstrate that the JAK1/2 inhibitor baricitinib fully protects keratinocytes against cell-mediated cytotoxic responses in vitro. In summary, this work elucidates the role and mechanisms of IFN-γ in LP pathogenesis and provides evidence for the therapeutic use of JAK inhibitors to limit cell-mediated cytotoxicity in patients with LP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710032, China.,Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mrinal K Sarkar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xianying Xing
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ke Xue
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710032, China
| | - Ranjitha Uppala
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Celine C Berthier
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew Patrick
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allison C Billi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joseph Fullmer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maria A Beamer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Spiro Getsios
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Andrew Schuler
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John J Voorhees
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sung Choi
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Paul Harms
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - J Michelle Kahlenberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Abstract
Under many circumstances, prophylactic immunizations are considered as the only possible strategy to control infectious diseases. Considerable efforts are typically invested in immunogen selection but, erroneously, the route of administration is not usually a major concern despite the fact that it can strongly influence efficacy. The skin is now considered a key component of the lymphatic system with tremendous potential as a target for vaccination. The purpose of this review is to present the immunological basis of the skin-associated lymphoid tissue, so as to provide understanding of the skin vaccination strategies. Several strategies are currently being developed for the transcutaneous delivery of antigens. The classical, mechanical or chemical disruptions versus the newest approaches based on microneedles for antigen delivery through the skin are discussed herein.
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33
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Chambers ES, Vukmanovic-Stejic M. Skin barrier immunity and ageing. Immunology 2019; 160:116-125. [PMID: 31709535 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is the outermost layer of the body with an extensive surface area of approximately 1·8 m2 , and is the first line of defence against a multitude of external pathogens and environmental insults. The skin also has important homeostatic functions such as reducing water loss and contributing to thermoregulation of the body. The structure of the skin and its cellular composition work in harmony to prevent infections and to deal with physical and chemical challenges from the outside world. In this review, we discuss how the structural cells such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts and adipocytes contribute to barrier immunity. We also discuss specialized immune cells that are resident in steady-state skin including mononuclear phagocytes, such as Langerhans cells, dermal macrophages and dermal dendritic cells in addition to the resident memory T cells. Ageing results in an increased incidence of cancer and skin infections. As we age, the skin structure changes with thinning of the epidermis and dermis, increased water loss, and fragmentation of collagen and elastin. In addition, the skin immune composition is altered with reduced Langerhans cells, decreased antigen-specific immunity and increased regulatory populations such as Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Together, these alterations result in decreased barrier immunity in the elderly, explaining in part their increased susceptiblity to cancer and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma S Chambers
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
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34
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Deng W, Liang P, Zheng Y, Su Z, Gong Z, Chen J, Feng P, Chen J. Differential gene expression in HaCaT cells may account for the various clinical presentation caused by anthropophilic and geophilic dermatophytes infections. Mycoses 2019; 63:21-29. [PMID: 31610041 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the worldwide prevalence of dermatophyte infections, only a few genes are reported to be related to dermatophyte infections. In addition, the mechanism by which different ecological dermatophytes infection leads to varying intensity of inflammation remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To investigate the mechanism of varying intensity of skin inflammation caused by different ecological dermatophytes infection. METHODS We infected HaCaT cells with anthropophilic and geophilic dermatophytes to mimic various ecological dermatophyte infections. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was employed to identify the change in the gene expression of HaCaT cells. To verify the expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), we selected 18 HaCaT cells genes to conduct qPCR experiments. In addition, immunoblotting was conducted to validate key genes from the MAPK signalling pathway. RESULTS After HaCaT cells were infected with the anthropophilic Trichophyton rubrum (T rubrum) and the geophilic Microsporum gypseum (M gypseum), 118 and 619 differentially expressed genes were identified in HaCaT cells, respectively. These genes may provide a clue as to how keratinocytes respond to anthropophilic and geophilic dermatophytes. We also found that JUN may play a critical role in keratinocytes infected with M gypseum. CONCLUSIONS Differential gene expression in HaCaT cells may account for the various clinical presentation caused by anthropophilic and geophilic dermatophytes infections. In addition, the intense inflammatory reaction of M gypseum infection may be triggered by activating the JNK-JUN signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Deng
- Dermatology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panpan Liang
- Clinical laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Dermatology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Su
- Dermatology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijian Gong
- Dermatology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqin Chen
- Dermatology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiying Feng
- Dermatology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Dermatology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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35
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Keratinocyte-intrinsic MHCII expression controls microbiota-induced Th1 cell responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:23643-23652. [PMID: 31672911 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912432116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross-talk between the microbiota and the immune system plays a fundamental role in the control of host physiology. However, the tissue-specific factors controlling this dialogue remain poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that T cell responses to commensal colonization are associated with the development of organized cellular clusters within the skin epithelium. These organized lymphocyte clusters are surrounded by keratinocytes expressing a discrete program associated with antigen presentation and antimicrobial defense. Notably, IL-22-mediated keratinocyte-intrinsic MHC class II expression was required for the selective accumulation of commensal-induced IFN-γ, but not IL-17A-producing CD4+ T cells within the skin. Taking these data together, this work uncovers an unexpected role for MHC class II expression by keratinocytes in the control of homeostatic type 1 responses to the microbiota. Our findings have important implications for the understanding of the tissue-specific rules governing the dialogue between a host and its microbiota.
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36
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Organization of the Skin Immune System and Compartmentalized Immune Responses in Infectious Diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 32:32/4/e00034-18. [PMID: 31366611 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00034-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is an organ harboring several types of immune cells that participate in innate and adaptive immune responses. The immune system of the skin comprises both skin cells and professional immune cells that together constitute what is designated skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT). In this review, I extensively discuss the organization of SALT and the mechanisms involved in its responses to infectious diseases of the skin and mucosa. The nature of these SALT responses, and the cellular mediators involved, often determines the clinical course of such infections. I list and describe the components of innate immunity, such as the roles of the keratinocyte barrier and of inflammatory and natural killer cells. I also examine the mechanisms involved in adaptive immune responses, with emphasis on new cytokine profiles, and the role of cell death phenomena in host-pathogen interactions and control of the immune responses to infectious agents. Finally, I highlight the importance of studying SALT in order to better understand host-pathogen relationships involving the skin and detail future directions in the immunological investigation of this organ, especially in light of recent findings regarding the skin immune system.
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37
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Orlik C, Deibel D, Küblbeck J, Balta E, Ganskih S, Habicht J, Niesler B, Schröder-Braunstein J, Schäkel K, Wabnitz G, Samstag Y. Keratinocytes costimulate naive human T cells via CD2: a potential target to prevent the development of proinflammatory Th1 cells in the skin. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:380-394. [PMID: 31324882 PMCID: PMC7109061 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between keratinocytes and immune cells, especially T cells, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory skin diseases. During psoriasis, keratinocytes attract T cells by releasing chemokines, while skin-infiltrating self-reactive T cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines, e.g., IFNγ and IL-17A, that cause epidermal hyperplasia. Similarly, in chronic graft-versus-host disease, allogenic IFNγ-producing Th1/Tc1 and IL-17-producing Th17/Tc17 cells are recruited by keratinocyte-derived chemokines and accumulate in the skin. However, whether keratinocytes act as nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells to directly activate naive human T cells in the epidermis remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that under proinflammatory conditions, primary human keratinocytes indeed activate naive human T cells. This activation required cell contact and costimulatory signaling via CD58/CD2 and CD54/LFA-1. Naive T cells costimulated by keratinocytes selectively differentiated into Th1 and Th17 cells. In particular, keratinocyte-initiated Th1 differentiation was dependent on costimulation through CD58/CD2. The latter molecule initiated STAT1 signaling and IFNγ production in T cells. Costimulation of T cells by keratinocytes resulting in Th1 and Th17 differentiation represents a new explanation for the local enrichment of Th1 and Th17 cells in the skin of patients with a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Consequently, local interference with T cell–keratinocyte interactions may represent a novel strategy for the treatment of Th1 and Th17 cell-driven skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Orlik
- Institute of Immunology, Section Molecular Immunology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Deibel
- Institute of Immunology, Section Molecular Immunology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Küblbeck
- Institute of Immunology, Section Molecular Immunology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emre Balta
- Institute of Immunology, Section Molecular Immunology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabina Ganskih
- Institute of Immunology, Section Molecular Immunology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jüri Habicht
- Institute of Immunology, Section Molecular Immunology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Niesler
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, and nCounter Core Facility, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jutta Schröder-Braunstein
- Institute of Immunology, Section Molecular Immunology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Knut Schäkel
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guido Wabnitz
- Institute of Immunology, Section Molecular Immunology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Samstag
- Institute of Immunology, Section Molecular Immunology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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38
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Talagas M, Lebonvallet N, Berthod F, Misery L. Cutaneous nociception: Role of keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:1466-1469. [PMID: 31125475 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have brought an enhanced understanding of keratinocyte contribution to cutaneous nociception. While intra-epidermal nerve endings were classically considered as the exclusive transducers of cutaneous noxious stimuli, it has now been demonstrated that epidermal keratinocytes can initiate nociceptive responses, like Merkel cells do for the innocuous mechanotransduction. In the light of recent in vivo findings, this article outlines this paradigm shift that points to a not yet considered population of sensory epidermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Talagas
- Laboratory on Interactions Neurons Keratinocytes (EA4685), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France.,LOEX, CHU de Quebec-Université Laval Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Nicolas Lebonvallet
- Laboratory on Interactions Neurons Keratinocytes (EA4685), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France
| | - François Berthod
- LOEX, CHU de Quebec-Université Laval Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurent Misery
- Laboratory on Interactions Neurons Keratinocytes (EA4685), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France.,Department of Dermatology, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
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39
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The Vicious Cross-Talk between Tumor Cells with an EMT Phenotype and Cells of the Immune System. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050460. [PMID: 31096701 PMCID: PMC6562673 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoma cells that undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and display a predominantly mesenchymal phenotype (hereafter EMT tumor cells) are associated with immune exclusion and immune deviation in the tumor microenvironment (TME). A large body of evidence has shown that EMT tumor cells and immune cells can reciprocally influence each other, with EMT cells promoting immune exclusion and deviation and immune cells promoting, under certain circumstances, the induction of EMT in tumor cells. This cross-talk between EMT tumor cells and immune cells can occur both between EMT tumor cells and cells of either the native or adaptive immune system. In this article, we review this evidence and the functional consequences of it. We also discuss some recent evidence showing that tumor cells and cells of the immune system respond to similar stimuli, activate the expression of partially overlapping gene sets, and acquire, at least in part, identical functionalities such as migration and invasion. The possible significance of these symmetrical changes in the cross-talk between EMT tumor cells and immune cells is addressed. Eventually, we also discuss possible therapeutic opportunities that may derive from disrupting this cross-talk.
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40
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Mooij P, Grødeland G, Koopman G, Andersen TK, Mortier D, Nieuwenhuis IG, Verschoor EJ, Fagrouch Z, Bogers WM, Bogen B. Needle-free delivery of DNA: Targeting of hemagglutinin to MHC class II molecules protects rhesus macaques against H1N1 influenza. Vaccine 2019; 37:817-826. [PMID: 30638800 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Conventional influenza vaccines are hampered by slow and limited production capabilities, whereas DNA vaccines can be rapidly produced for global coverage in the event of an emerging pandemic. However, a drawback of DNA vaccines is their generally low immunogenicity in non-human primates and humans. We have previously demonstrated that targeting of influenza hemagglutinin to human HLA class II molecules can increase antibody responses in larger animals such as ferrets and pigs. Here, we extend these observations by immunizing non-human primates (rhesus macaques) with a DNA vaccine encoding a bivalent fusion protein that targets influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) to Mamu class II molecules. Such immunization induced neutralizing antibodies and antigen-specific T cells. The DNA was delivered by pain- and needle-free jet injections intradermally. No adverse effects were observed. Most importantly, the immunized rhesus macaques were protected against a challenge with influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Mooij
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Gunnveig Grødeland
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gerrit Koopman
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Tor Kristian Andersen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Zahra Fagrouch
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Willy M Bogers
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway
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41
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Kuo P, Teoh SM, Tuong ZK, Leggatt GR, Mattarollo SR, Frazer IH. Recruitment of Antigen Presenting Cells to Skin Draining Lymph Node From HPV16E7-Expressing Skin Requires E7-Rb Interaction. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2896. [PMID: 30619266 PMCID: PMC6305623 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
“High-risk” human papillomaviruses (HPV) infect keratinocytes of squamous epithelia. The HPV16E7 protein induces epithelial hyperplasia by binding Rb family proteins and disrupting cell cycle termination. Murine skin expressing HPV16E7 as a transgene from a keratin 14 promoter (K14.E7) demonstrates epithelial hyperplasia, dysfunctional antigen presenting cells, ineffective antigen presentation by keratinocytes, and production of immunoregulatory cytokines. Furthermore, grafted K14.E7 skin is not rejected from immunocompetent non-transgenic recipient animals. To establish the contributions of E7, of E7-Rb interaction and of epithelial hyperplasia to altered local skin immunity, K14.E7 skin was compared with skin from K14.E7 mice heterozygous for a mutant Rb unable to bind E7 (K14.E7xRbΔL/ΔL mice), that have normoplastic epithelium. Previously, we demonstrated that E7-speicfic T cells do not accumulate in K14.E7xRbΔL/ΔL skin grafts. Here, we further show that K14.E7xRbΔL/ΔL skin, like K14.E7 skin, is not rejected by immunocompetent non-transgenic animals. There were fewer CD11b+ antigen presenting cells in skin draining lymph nodes from animals recipient of K14.E7xRbΔL/ΔL grafts, when compared with animals receiving K14.E7 grafts or K5mOVA grafts. Maturation of migratory DCs derived from K14.E7xRbΔL/ΔL grafts found in the draining lymph nodes is significantly lower than that of K14.E7 grafts. Surprisingly, K14.E7xRbΔL/ΔL keratinocytes, unlike K14.E7 keratinocytes, are susceptible to E7 directed CTL-mediated lysis in vitro. We conclude that E7-Rb interaction and its associated epithelial hyperplasia partially contribute to the suppressive local immune responses in area affected by HPV16E7 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Kuo
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Siok Min Teoh
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zewen K Tuong
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Graham R Leggatt
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen R Mattarollo
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian H Frazer
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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42
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Sahin E, Madendag Y, Sahin ME, Madendag IC, Acmaz G, Karakukcu C, Karaman H, Muderris II. Cervical Local Immune Response for High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection: Involvement With Cervical Mucus SLPI Proteins. Cancer Control 2018; 25:1073274818798598. [PMID: 30180755 PMCID: PMC6125859 DOI: 10.1177/1073274818798598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate cervical mucus secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) concentrations in patients with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) 16 or 18 positive and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL) or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSIL). Method: Patients with HPV 16 or 18 positive from 30 to 45 years of age whose cervical cancer screening results reported cytologically LGSIL or HGSIL were included in the study. In the control group, we included participants in the same age with cytology negative and HPV-negative healthy women. All cytological LGSIL or HGSIL results were histopathologically confirmed with colposcopic biopsy specimens. Finally, the study consisted of a total of 3 groups each containing 25 participants as follows: (1) Pap smear and HPV-negative control group, (2) HPV 16 or HPV 18 and LGSIL-positive participants, and (3) HPV 16 or 18 and HGSIL-positive participants. Cervical mucus SLPI levels were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: The mean cervical mucus SLPI levels were 32.94 ng/mL (range: 23-41.29 ng/mL) in the hrHPV + LGSIL group, 29.40 ng/mL (range: 21.03-38.95 ng/mL) in the hrHPV + HGSIL, and 18.75 ng/mL (range: 13.58-29.24 ng/mL) in the healthy control group. Cervical mucus SLPI levels were found to be significantly higher in the hrHPV + LGSIL and hrHPV + HGSIL groups compared to the control group (P < .001). Conclusions: The data from the present study indicate that SLPI seems to be one of the important immunomodulatory proteins that provide local immune response in cervical mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Sahin
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sivas Sarkısla Government Hospital, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Madendag
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erciyes University Medicine Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mefkure Eraslan Sahin
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sivas Sarkısla Government Hospital, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Col Madendag
- 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Health Sciences University, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Acmaz
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erciyes University Medicine Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cıgdem Karakukcu
- 4 Department of Biochemistry Clinic, Health Sciences University, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hatice Karaman
- 5 Department of Pathology Clinic, Health Sciences University, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Iptisam Ipek Muderris
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erciyes University Medicine Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
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43
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Tsakok T, Woolf R, Smith CH, Weidinger S, Flohr C. Atopic dermatitis: the skin barrier and beyond. Br J Dermatol 2018; 180:464-474. [PMID: 29969827 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disorder, affecting up to 20% of children and 10% of adults in industrialized countries. This highly debilitating condition poses a considerable burden to both the individual and society at large. The pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis is complex, encompassing both genetic and environmental risk factors. METHODS This is a narrative review based on a systematic literature search. CONCLUSIONS Dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity plays a key role; however, recent epidemiological, genetic and molecular research has focused interest on skin barrier dysfunction as a common precursor and pathological feature. Current understanding of the aetiology of atopic dermatitis highlights disruption of the epidermal barrier leading to increased permeability of the epidermis, pathological inflammation in the skin, and percutaneous sensitization to allergens. Thus, most novel treatment strategies seek to target specific aspects of the skin barrier or cutaneous inflammation. Several studies have also shown promise in preventing atopic dermatitis, such as the early use of emollients in high-risk infants. This may have broader implications in terms of halting the progression to atopic comorbidities including food allergy, hay fever and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tsakok
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - R Woolf
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - C H Smith
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - S Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - C Flohr
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, U.K
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Kato G, Miyazawa H, Nakayama Y, Ikari Y, Kondo H, Yamaguchi T, Sano M, Fischer U. A Novel Antigen-Sampling Cell in the Teleost Gill Epithelium With the Potential for Direct Antigen Presentation in Mucosal Tissue. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2116. [PMID: 30294324 PMCID: PMC6158387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, M cells can take up antigens through mucosal surfaces of the gut and the respiratory tract. Since M cells are deficient of lysosomes and phagosomes, the antigens are directly delivered to the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) without degradation. In teleost fish, the entire body surface (gills, skin, and intestinal system) is covered by mucus; however, specific antigen-sampling cells have not yet been identified in their mucosal tissues. Here, we show that two phenotypes of antigen-sampling cells take up antigens through epithelial surfaces of the rainbow trout gill. One phenotype of antigen-sampling cells has features of monocyte/macrophage/dendritic cell-type cells; they have large vacuoles in the cytoplasm and express PTPRC (CD45), CD83, IL-1β, and IL-12p40b. The second phenotype exhibits similar characteristics to mammalian M cells; the corresponding cells bind the lectin UEA-1 but not WGA and show expression of M cell marker gene Anxa5. In contrast to mammalian M cells, teleost M-type cells were found to exhibit small vacuoles in their cytoplasm and to express almost all genes related to the “phagosome”, “lysosome,” and “antigen processing and presentation” pathways. Furthermore, MHC class II was constitutively expressed on a fraction of M-type cells, and this expression was significantly increased after antigen uptake, suggesting that the MHC class II is inducible by antigen stimulation. Here, we suggest that teleost M-type cells play a role in the phylogenetically primitive teleost immune system, similar to bona-fide M cells. In addition, the presence of MHC class II expression suggests an additional role in antigen presentation in the gills, which are an organ with high T cell abundance, especially in interbranchial lymphoid tissue. The present results suggest an unconventional antigen presentation mechanism in the primitive mucosal immune system of teleosts, which generally lack highly organized lymphoid tissues. Moreover, the results of this work may be valuable for the development of mucosal vaccines that specifically target M-type cells; mucosal vaccines significantly reduce working costs and the stress that is usually induced by vaccination via injection of individual fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goshi Kato
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruya Miyazawa
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakayama
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ikari
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kondo
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamaguchi
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Motohiko Sano
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Uwe Fischer
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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45
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Taking the lead - how keratinocytes orchestrate skin T cell immunity. Immunol Lett 2018; 200:43-51. [PMID: 29969603 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The skin comprises a complex coordinated system of epithelial tissue cells and immune cells that ensure adequate immune reactions against trauma, toxins and pathogens, while maintaining tissue homeostasis. Keratinocytes form the outermost barrier of the skin, and sense changes in barrier integrity, intrusion of microbial components and stress molecules. Thus, they act as sentinels that continuously communicate the status of the organ to the cutaneous immune system. Upon damage the keratinocytes initiate a pro-inflammatory signaling cascade that leads to the activation of resident immune cells. Simultaneously, the tissue mediates and supports immune-suppressive functions to contain inflammation locally. After resolution of inflammation, the skin provides a niche for regulatory and effector memory T cells that can quickly respond to reoccurring antigens. In this review we discuss the central role of keratinocyte-derived signals in controlling cutaneous T cell immunity.
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Munguía-Moreno JA, Díaz-Chavéz J, García-Villa E, Albino-Sanchez ME, Mendoza-Villanueva D, Ocadiz-Delgado R, Bonilla-Delgado J, Marín-Flores A, Cortés-Malagón EM, Alvarez-Rios E, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Üren A, Çelik H, Lambert PF, Gariglio P. Early synergistic interactions between the HPV16‑E7 oncoprotein and 17β-oestradiol for repressing the expression of Granzyme B in a cervical cancer model. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:579-591. [PMID: 29901186 PMCID: PMC6017153 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although high-risk human papillomavirus (HR‑HPV) infection has a prominent role in the aetiology of cervical cancer (CC), sex steroid hormones may also be involved in this process; however, the cooperation between oestrogen and HR‑HPV in the early stages of cervical carcinogenesis is poorly understood. Since 17β-oestradiol (E2) and the HPV type 16‑E7 oncoprotein induce CC in transgenic mice, a microarray analysis was performed in the present study to generate global gene expression profiles from 2‑month‑old FVB (non‑transgenic) and K14E7 (transgenic) mice who were left untreated or were treated for 1 month with E2. Upregulation of cancer-related genes that have not been previously reported in the context of CC, including glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 3, interleukin 1 receptor type II, natriuretic peptide type C, MGAT4 family member C, lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase) and glucoside xylosyltransferase 2, was observed. Notably, upregulation of the serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor clade B member 9 gene and downregulation of the Granzyme gene family were observed; the repression of the Granzyme B pathway may be a novel mechanism of immune evasion by cancer cells. The present results provide the basis for further studies on early biomarkers of CC risk and synergistic interactions between HR‑HPV and oestrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Antonio Munguía-Moreno
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, México City 07360, México
| | - José Díaz-Chavéz
- Biomedical Unit for Cancer Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico/National Institute of Cancer, México City 14080, México
| | - Enrique García-Villa
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, México City 07360, México
| | - M Estela Albino-Sanchez
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, México City 07360, México
| | - Daniel Mendoza-Villanueva
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signalling, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Rodolfo Ocadiz-Delgado
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, México City 07360, México
| | - José Bonilla-Delgado
- Research Unit of Genetics and Cancer, Juárez Hospital, México City 07760, México
| | - Armando Marín-Flores
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, México City 07360, México
| | | | - Elizabeth Alvarez-Rios
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, México City 07360, México
| | - Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda
- Department of Oncogenomics, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, México City 14610, México, México
| | - Aykut Üren
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University Medical Centre, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Haydar Çelik
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University Medical Centre, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Paul F Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Patricio Gariglio
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, México City 07360, México
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47
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Noske K. Secreted immunoregulatory proteins in the skin. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 89:3-10. [PMID: 29111181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The skin, thought initially to protect the body passively from pathogenic organisms and other environmental insults, is now recognised additionally as a sophisticated immune organ that actively regulates local immunity. Studies linking local innate and adaptive immunity to skin health and disease have revealed a complex network of cell communication and cytokine signalling. Here, we review the last 10 years of literature on this topic, and its relevance to skin immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Noske
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba 4102, QLD, Australia.
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48
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Cai XW, Zhu R, Ran L, Li YQ, Huang K, Peng J, He W, Zhou CL, Wang RP. A novel non-contact communication between human keratinocytes and T cells: Exosomes derived from keratinocytes support superantigen-induced proliferation of resting T cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7032-7038. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the body with a complex network of multitude of cell types that perform plastic and dynamic cellular communication to maintain several vital processes such as inflammation, immune response including induction of tolerance and disease prevention, wound healing, and angiogenesis. Of paramount importance are immunological functions of the skin that protect from harmful exposure coming from external and internal environments. Awareness of skin immunity can provide a better comprehension of inflammation, autoimmunity, cancer, graft-versus-host disease, vaccination, and immunotherapy approaches. This paper will update on what we currently know about immune sentinels contributing to skin immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Matejuk
- Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland. .,Faculty of Science and Technology, Karkonosze College, Jelenia Góra, Poland.
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50
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Santos C, Vilanova M, Medeiros R, Gil da Costa RM. HPV-transgenic mouse models: Tools for studying the cancer-associated immune response. Virus Res 2017; 235:49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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