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Olivieri MAC, Cuerda MX, Moyano RD, Gravisaco MJ, Pinedo MFA, Delgado FO, Calamante G, Mundo S, de la Paz Santangelo M, Romano MI, Alonso MN, Del Medico Zajac MP. Superior protection against paratuberculosis by a heterologous prime-boost immunization in a murine model. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00696-0. [PMID: 38880691 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Vaccination is the best strategy to control Paratuberculosis (PTB), which is a significant disease in cattle and sheep. Previously we showed the humoral and cellular immune response induced by a novel vaccine candidate against PTB based on the Argentinian Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) 6611 strain. To improve 6611 immunogenicity and efficacy, we evaluated this vaccine candidate in mice with two different adjuvants and a heterologous boost with a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara virus (MVA) expressing the antigen 85A (MVA85A). We observed that boosting with MVA85A did not improve total IgG or specific isotypes in serum induced by one or two doses of 6611 formulated with incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). However, when 6611 was formulated with ISA201 adjuvant, MVA85A boost enhanced the production of IFNγ, Th1/Th17 cytokines (IL-2, TNF, IL-17A) and IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10. Also, this group showed the highest levels of IgG2b and IgG3 isotypes, both important for better protection against Map infection in the murine model. Finally, the heterologous scheme elicited the highest levels of protection after Map challenge (lowest CFU count and liver lesion score). In conclusion, our results encourage further evaluation of 6611 strain + ISA201 prime and MVA85A boost in bovines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Ximena Cuerda
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires 1686, Argentina
| | - Roberto Damián Moyano
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires 1686, Argentina
| | - María José Gravisaco
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires 1686, Argentina
| | - María Fiorella Alvarado Pinedo
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Investigaciones Veterinarias (CEDIVE) de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias - Universidad de La Plata, Chascomús, Buenos Aires 7130, Argentina
| | - Fernando Oscar Delgado
- Instituto de Patobiologia Veterinaria (IPV), INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires 1686, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Calamante
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires 1686, Argentina
| | - Silvia Mundo
- Cátedra de Inmunología de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires 1427, Argentina
| | - María de la Paz Santangelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires 1686, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Romano
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires 1686, Argentina
| | - María Natalia Alonso
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires 1686, Argentina.
| | - María Paula Del Medico Zajac
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires 1686, Argentina
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Yu L, Ran H, Lu Y, Ma Q, Huang H, Liu W. Targeting HIF-1α alleviates the inflammatory responses and rebuilds the CD4 + T cell subsets balance in the experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis inflammation model via regulating cellular and humoral immunity. Life Sci 2024; 336:122287. [PMID: 37995933 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cells and tissues in an inflammatory state are usually hypoxic. The hypoxic environment can affect the differentiation of immune cells and produce Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α). Inflammation is also a major contributor to the development and deterioration of Myasthenia Gravis (MG). There are limited studies on the immunopathological mechanism and targeted therapy associated with MG exacerbated with inflammation. This research aimed to explore whether BAY 87-2243 (HIF-1α inhibitor) ameliorates the symptoms of the Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis (EAMG) inflammation model and study its regulatory mechanism on cellular immunity and humoral immunity. METHODS We first establish the EAMG inflammation model using Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), BAY 87-2243 was applied to the EAMG inflammation model and its therapeutic effects were evaluated in vivo and in vitro experiments. RESULTS The proportion of Treg cells was increased whereas Th1, Th17, and Th1/17 cells were decreased in BAY 87-2243-treated EAMG inflammation model. BAY 87-2243 ameliorated the acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) loss and the complement deposited at the neuromuscular junction of the EAMG inflammation model, declined the levels of IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-6 in serum, and further attenuated responses in the germinal center and reduced the antibody levels by inhibiting the IL-6-dependent STAT3 axis. CONCLUSION BAY 87-2243 restored the balance of CD4+T cell subsets and reduced the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus acting as both an immune imbalance regulator and anti-inflammatory. The current study suggests that HIF-1α might be a potential target for the treatment of MG exacerbated with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Hao Ran
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yaru Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Weibin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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3
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Brudvig JM, Cluett MM, Gensterblum-Miller EU, Chen J, Bell JA, Mansfield LS. Th1/Th17-mediated Immunity and Protection from Peripheral Neuropathy in Wildtype and IL10 -/- BALB/c Mice Infected with a Guillain-Barré Syndrome-associated Campylobacter jejuni Strain. Comp Med 2022; 72:63-77. [PMID: 35272743 PMCID: PMC9084571 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-21-000059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is an important cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and is linked to Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), a debilitating postinfectious polyneuropathy. The immunopathogenesis of GBS involves the generation of antibodies that are cross reactive to C. jejuni lipooligosaccharide and structurally similar peripheral nerve gangliosides. Both the C. jejuni infecting strain and host factors contribute to GBS development. GBS pathogenesis is associated with Th2-mediated responses in patients. Moreover, induction of IgG1 antiganglioside antibodies in association with colonic Th2-mediated immune responses has been reported in C. jejuni-infected C57BL/6 IL10-/- mice at 4 to 6 wk after infection. We hypothesized that, due to their Th2 immunologic bias, BALB/c mice would develop autoantibodies and signs of peripheral neuropathy after infection with a GBS patient-derived strain of C. jejuni (strain 260.94). WT and IL10-/- BALB/c mice were orally inoculated with C. jejuni 260.94, phenotyped weekly for neurologic deficits, and euthanized after 5 wk. Immune responses were assessed as C. jejuni-specific and antiganglioside antibodies in plasma and cytokine production and histologic lesions in the proximal colon. Peripheral nerve lesions were assessed in dorsal root ganglia and their afferent nerve fibers by scoring immunohistochemically labeled macrophages through morphometry. C. jejuni 260.94 stably colonized both WT and IL10-/- mice and induced systemic Th1/Th17-mediated immune responses with significant increases in C. jejuni-specific IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3 plasma antibodies. However, C. jejuni 260.94 did not induce IgG1 antiganglioside antibodies, colitis, or neurologic deficits or peripheral nerve lesions in WT or IL10-/- mice. Both WT and IL10-/- BALB/c mice showed relative protection from development of Th2-mediated immunity and antiganglioside antibodies as compared with C57BL/6 IL10-/- mice. Therefore, BALB/c mice infected with C. jejuni 260.94 are not an effective disease model but provide the opportunity to study the role of immune mechanisms and host genetic background in the susceptibility to post infectious GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Brudvig
- Comparative Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Matthew M Cluett
- Comparative Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Elizabeth U Gensterblum-Miller
- Comparative Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michiga
| | - James Chen
- Comparative Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michiga
| | - Julia A Bell
- Comparative Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michiga
| | - Linda S Mansfield
- Comparative Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan;,
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Liu X, Ma Q, Qiu L, Ou C, Lin Z, Lu Y, Huang H, Chen P, Huang Z, Liu W. Quantitative features and clinical significance of two subpopulations of AChR-specific CD4+ T cells in patients with myasthenia gravis. Clin Immunol 2020; 216:108462. [PMID: 32437925 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholine receptor (AChR)-specific CD4+ T cells play a driving role in myasthenia gravis (MG) by regulating the production of autoantibodies. However, the quantitative features of AChR-specific T cells and their clinical significance in MG are unclear. In this study, we adopted standard and cultured enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assays to quantify subpopulations of AChR-specific CD4+ T cells in MG patients, and evaluate their correlation with clinical characteristics. The results showed that Th1- and Th17-AChR-specific CD4+ T cells were detectable by standard and cultured ELISPOT assay respectively, with higher levels observed in MG patients comparing with healthy controls. The number of Th17-AChR-specific CD4+ T cells was positively correlated with anti-AChR antibody titer and quantitative MG score and may have latent capacity to reflect responses to immunosuppressants. These results highlight the differences in quantitative features of AChR-specific CD4+ T cells and imply Th17-AChR-specific CD4+ T cells can serve as a biomarker in MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No.58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No.58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No.58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Changyi Ou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No.58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhongqiang Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No.58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yaru Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No.58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No.58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No.58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhidong Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No.58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weibin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No.58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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5
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Wang Y, Zhao H, Yang X, Mu M, Zong H, Luo L, Xing M. Excessive Cu 2+ deteriorates arsenite-induced apoptosis in chicken brain and resulting in immunosuppression, not in homeostasis. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124758. [PMID: 31514009 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements such as copper (Cu) and arsenic (As) are two of the major contaminants and well-known inducers of cognitive deficits and neurobehavioral changes. This study evaluated the immunotoxicity of their individual or combined exposure on different brain regions in chickens. Consequently, nuclear damage and organelle lesions, especially mitochondria were observed under Cu or/and As stress, in which positive regulation of key proteins, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), Cytochrome C (Cyt c), BCL2-associated X (Bax), Caspases 3 and P53 was detected by qRCR and Western blot analyses, indicating disturbed mitochondrial dynamic equilibrium and apoptosis execution. In addition, qRCR analysis confirmed the involvement of cytokines secreted by different populations of helper T cells, indicative of cellular immunity. Gene expression studies showed marked up regulation of Th1/Th17 cytokines along with heat shock protein (HSP) 70, a synergism was noted in co-administration group. Interesting, lower apoptosis index was noted in brainstem compared to cerebrum and cerebellum. An intense immunosuppression and heat shock response against Cu or/and As was also seen in cerebrum and cerebellum but not in brainstem. In conclusion, our study suggests a synergistic neurotoxicity in chickens under Cu and As exposure. These findings provide a basic understanding of mitochondrial abnormality-initiated neuropathology in response to environmental pollutant mixtures, suggesting an adaptive response to the frangibility of the central nerve system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Hongjing Zhao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Mengyao Mu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hui Zong
- Guangdong Vocational College of Science and Trade, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Liyang Luo
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Feng J, Han J, Zhu J, Deng H. Effects of Follicular Helper T Cells and Inflammatory Cytokines on Myasthenia Gravis. Curr Mol Med 2019; 19:739-745. [PMID: 31453784 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190827162615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder mediated by antibodies against the acetylcholine receptors (AChR) of the skeletal muscles. An imbalance in various T helper (Th) cells, including Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22 and follicular helper T (TFH) cells, has been found associated with immunological disturbances. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aim to investigate the role of the Th cells in peripheral blood of MG patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 33 MG patients and 34 age matched controls were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated using Ficoll-Paque density gradient centrifugation assay. The proportion of TFH cells in PBMC were analyzed using flow-cytometry assay by determining the levels of cellular markers CD4, CXCR5, CD45RO, CD45RA and ICOS and PD-1. The levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 and IL-21 in serum were analyzed by Cytometric Bead Array. The serum IL-22 level was analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS The frequency of TFH cells in PBMCs was higher than those in healthy subjects and correlated to the severity of MG patients. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-17 and IL-21 were elevated in the serum of MG patients, while there were no significant differences regarding the levels of IL-4 and IL-22 between MG patients and control subjects. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that Th cells and their cytokines balance of MG patients are involved in the clinical condition or severity of MG disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Bethune Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Bethune Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Mingqin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, the First Bethune Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology, the First Bethune Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jinming Han
- Department of Neurology, the First Bethune Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology, the First Bethune Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Neurology, the First Bethune Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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7
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Wang XS, Cao F, Zhang Y, Pan HF. Therapeutic potential of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in autoimmunity. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 28:63-81. [PMID: 31617124 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00651-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a type of transcriptional factor, is widely expressed in immune cells. The activation of AhR signaling pathway depends on its ligands, which exist in environment and can also be produced by metabolism. Normal expressions of AhR and AhR-mediated signaling may be essential for immune responses, and effects of AhR signaling on the development and function of innate and adaptive immune cells have also been revealed in previous studies. Recent studies also indicate that aberrant AhR signaling may be related to autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), autoimmune uveitis (AU), autoimmune diabetes, Behcet's disease (BD) and myasthenia gravis (MG). Moreover, administration of AhR ligands or drugs has been proven effective for improving pathological outcomes in some autoimmune diseases or models. In this review, we summarize the effects of AhR on several innate and adaptive immune cells associated with autoimmunity, and the mechanism on how AhR participates in autoimmune diseases. In addition, we also discuss therapeutic potential and application prospect of AhR in autoimmune diseases, so as to provide valuable information for exploring novel and effective approaches to autoimmune disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Song Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fan Cao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Anhui Women and Child Health Care Hospital, 15 Yimin Street, Hefei, Anhui, 230011, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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8
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Brooks PT, Bell JA, Bejcek CE, Malik A, Mansfield LS. An antibiotic depleted microbiome drives severe Campylobacter jejuni-mediated Type 1/17 colitis, Type 2 autoimmunity and neurologic sequelae in a mouse model. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 337:577048. [PMID: 31678855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The peripheral neuropathy Guillain-Barré Syndrome can follow Campylobacter jejuni infection when outer core lipooligosaccharides induce production of neurotoxic anti-ganglioside antibodies. We hypothesized that gut microbiota depletion with an antibiotic would increase C. jejuni colonization, severity of gastroenteritis, and GBS. Microbiota depletion increased C. jejuni colonization, invasion, and colitis with Type 1/17 T cells in gut lamina propria. It also stimulated Type 1/17 anti-C. jejuni and -antiganglioside-antibodies, Type 2 anti-C. jejuni and -antiganglioside antibodies, and neurologic phenotypes. Results indicate that both C. jejuni strain and gut microbiota affect development of inflammation and GBS and suggest that probiotics following C. jejuni infection may ameliorate inflammation and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip T Brooks
- Comparative Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Comparative Medicine Integrative Biology Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Julia A Bell
- Comparative Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Christopher E Bejcek
- Comparative Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ankit Malik
- Comparative Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Linda S Mansfield
- Comparative Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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9
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Song J, Xi JY, Yu WB, Yan C, Luo SS, Zhou L, Zhu WH, Lu JH, Dong Q, Xiao BG, Zhao CB. Inhibition of ROCK activity regulates the balance of Th1, Th17 and Treg cells in myasthenia gravis. Clin Immunol 2019; 203:142-153. [PMID: 31078707 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant ROCK activation has been found in patients with several autoimmune diseases, but the role of ROCK in myasthenia gravis (MG) has not yet been clearly investigated. Here, we demonstrated that ROCK activity was significantly higher in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from MG patients. ROCK inhibitor Fasudil down-regulated the proportions of Th1 and Th17 cells in PBMCs of MG patients in vitro. Intraperitoneal injection of Fasudil ameliorated the severity of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) rats and restored the balance of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg subsets. Furthermore, Fasudil inhibited the proliferation of antigen-specific Th1 and Th17 cells, and inhibited CD4 + T cells differentiated into Th1 and Th17 through decreasing phosphorylated Stat1 and Stat3, but promoted Treg cell differentiation through increasing phosphorylated Stat5. We conclude that dysregulated ROCK activity may be involved in the pathogenic immune response of MG and inhibition of ROCK activity might serve as a novel treatment strategy for MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jian-Ying Xi
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wen-Bo Yu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Chong Yan
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Su-Shan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wen-Hua Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Chong-Bo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China.
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10
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Ahmad SF, Ansari MA, Nadeem A, Bakheet SA, AL-Ayadhi LY, Alotaibi MR, Alhoshani AR, Alshammari MA, Attia SM. Dysregulation of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) signaling in peripheral immune cells is associated with immune dysfunction in autistic children. Mol Immunol 2019; 106:77-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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11
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Ansari MA, Nadeem A, Attia SM, Bakheet SA, Raish M, Ahmad SF. Adenosine A2A receptor modulates neuroimmune function through Th17/retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) signaling in a BTBR T + Itpr3 tf /J mouse model of autism. Cell Signal 2017; 36:14-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Guoyan Q, Peng L, Shanshan G, Hongxia Y, Huimin D, Yinping X. Effect of Jianpiyiqi granule on ocular myasthenia gravis in children prepared with a formula from Traditional Chinese Medicine. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(17)30162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Aguilo-Seara G, Xie Y, Sheehan J, Kusner LL, Kaminski HJ. Ablation of IL-17 expression moderates experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis disease severity. Cytokine 2017; 96:279-285. [PMID: 28599246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An array of cytokines influences the pathogenesis of early onset myasthenia gravis (MG) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). Patients with MG, in particular those with more severe weakness, have elevations of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17 in the blood. We assessed the role of IL-17A in autoimmunity by inducing EAMG in mice with knockout of IL-17 and found a reduction of EAMG severity, but not a complete ablation of disease. The IL-17ko mice had no evidence of weakness, low levels of acetylcholine receptor antibodies, and retention of acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction. Splenic germinal center size was reduced in EAMG IL-17ko mice along with elevations of Foxp3 and BCL-6 gene expression, suggesting a shift away from pro-inflammatory signals. The results emphasize the importance of IL-17 in EAMG development and that IL-17 independent pathways drive the autoimmune reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanchen Xie
- Departments of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jarrod Sheehan
- Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Linda L Kusner
- Departments of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Henry J Kaminski
- Departments of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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14
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Increased expression of P2X7 receptor in peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlates with clinical severity and serum levels of Th17-related cytokines in patients with myasthenia gravis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2017; 157:88-94. [PMID: 28458152 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES P2X7R is a well-documented activator of innate and adaptive immune responses. We aimed to measure the expression levels of P2X7R in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and to investigate whether the expression of P2X7R is associated with pathogenesis of MG. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 32 patients with MG (12 generalized MG (GMG) and 20 Ocular MG (OMG) and 22 healthy donors were recruited in this study. The quantitative MG score was used to evaluate the clinical severity. Real-time PCR and western blot were used to measure the levels of P2X7R expressed in PBMCs. Serum Th17-related cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-21) were tested by ELISA. PBMCs from MG patients were purified and challenged by LPS with or without a selective P2X7R inhibitor (BBG). RESULTS Our results showed that the expression of P2X7R mRNA and protein in PBMCs was increased in MG patients compared with healthy controls, with higher expression in generalized patients (GMG) than in ocular patients (OMG). In addition, P2X7R expression presents a significantly positive correlation with clinical severity and serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-21 in MG. In cultured MG PBMC, LPS challenge led to up-regulated P2X7R expression accompanied with increased production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-21. Importantly, P2X7R blockade with BBG significantly attenuates the LPS-induced production of cytokines. CONCLUSION P2X7R expression was up-regulated in MG and LPS-P2X7R axis may be involved in the pathogenesis of MG by promoting Th17 immune response.
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15
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Chen W, Meng QF, Sui JK, Wang YJ, Li XL, Liu S, Li H, Wang CC, Li CH, Li YB. Ginsenoside Rb1: The new treatment measure of myasthenia gravis. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 41:136-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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16
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Resveratrol Ameliorates Dysregulation of Th1, Th2, Th17, and T Regulatory Cell-Related Transcription Factor Signaling in a BTBR T + tf/J Mouse Model of Autism. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5201-5212. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Effect of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix and Its Ingredient Resveratrol on Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis by Suppressing Immune Response. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(16)60047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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18
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Ulusoy C, Zibandeh N, Yıldırım S, Trakas N, Zisimopoulou P, Küçükerden M, Tașlı H, Tzartos S, Göker K, Tüzün E, Akkoç T. Dental follicle mesenchymal stem cell administration ameliorates muscle weakness in MuSK-immunized mice. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:231. [PMID: 26646841 PMCID: PMC4673854 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), mostly associated with acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies. Around 5–10 % of MG patients show antibodies to muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK). Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration has been shown to ameliorate muscle weakness in the experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) model induced by AChR immunization. Methods To investigate the efficacy of stem cell treatment in MuSK-related EAMG, clinical and immunological features of MuSK-immunized mice with or without dental follicle MSC (DFMSC) treatment were compared. Results MuSK-immunized mice intravenously treated with DFMSC after second and third immunizations showed significantly lower EAMG incidence and severity and reduced serum anti-MuSK antibody, NMJ IgG, and C3 deposit levels and CD11b+ lymph node cell ratios. Moreover, lymph node cells of DFMSC-administered mice showed reduced proliferation and IL-6 and IL-12 production responses to MuSK stimulation. By contrast, proportions of B and T cell populations and production of a wide variety of cytokines were not affected from DFMSC treatment. Conclusions Our results suggest that DFMSC treatment shows its beneficial effects mostly through suppression of innate immune system, whereas other immune functions appear to be preserved. Stem cell treatment might thus constitute a specific and effective treatment method in MuSK-associated MG. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0451-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Ulusoy
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medical Research (DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Noushin Zibandeh
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selin Yıldırım
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nikolaos Trakas
- Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Melike Küçükerden
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medical Research (DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hatice Tașlı
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medical Research (DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Socrates Tzartos
- Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Kamil Göker
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Marmara University Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdem Tüzün
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medical Research (DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Capa, Turkey.
| | - Tunç Akkoç
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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TIPE2 Play a Negative Role in TLR4-Mediated Autoimmune T Helper 17 Cell Responses in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2015; 10:635-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-015-9638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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20
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Nishimura T, Inaba Y, Nakazawa Y, Omata T, Akasaka M, Shirai I, Ichikawa M. Reduction in peripheral regulatory T cell population in childhood ocular type myasthenia gravis. Brain Dev 2015; 37:808-16. [PMID: 25563663 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a T-cell dependent and antibody mediated autoimmune disease. Recent studies of adult patients and animal models have shown that regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of MG, but little is known about MG in children. This study evaluated the role of peripheral blood Tregs in childhood ocular MG and assessed if Tregs could be an index for estimating immunological status. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical data and peripheral lymphocytes were obtained from 13 children with serum AChR antibody-positive ocular type MG and 18 age-matched controls. Committed cells from MG patients were divided into two clinical stages: active (n=12) and remission (n=11). Tregs and Th17 cells were analyzed by flow cytometric analysis based on CD4(+)CD25(+) intracellular Foxp3(+) and CD4(+) intracellular IL-17A(+) fractions, respectively. RESULTS The percentage of Tregs among peripheral blood CD4(+) T cells in active stage, remission stage, and control groups was 3.3±1.3%, 4.8±1.7%, and 5.0±0.6%, respectively. The Treg population was significantly lower in the active stage than in the remission stage and controls. Furthermore, Treg percentage was significantly lower during relapse of myasthenia symptoms. We witnessed no remarkable associations between the percentage of Tregs and immune suppressant dosages. CONCLUSIONS A significant reduction in the peripheral Treg population is considered to contribute to the pathophysiology of ocular type childhood MG and may be a marker of immunological state in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Nishimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Inaba
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Yozo Nakazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Taku Omata
- Division of Child Neurology, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Manami Akasaka
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Ikuko Shirai
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Ichikawa
- Child and Women's Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
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21
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Zhang Y, Guo M, Xin N, Shao Z, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zheng S, Fu L, Wang Y, Zhou D, Chen H, Huang Y, Dong R, Xiao C, Liu Y, Geng D. Decreased microRNA miR-181c expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlates with elevated serum levels of IL-7 and IL-17 in patients with myasthenia gravis. Clin Exp Med 2015; 16:413-21. [PMID: 25962782 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-015-0358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
miR-181c is a newly identified negative regulator of immune cell activation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression and functional role of miR-181c in myasthenia gravis (MG). miR-181c showed significant downregulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from MG patients compared with healthy controls, with lower expression in generalized patients than in ocular ones. MG patients also had increased serum IL-7 and IL-17 levels. Additionally, serum IL-7 level presents a positive correlation with the serum IL-17 level. miR-181c levels were negatively correlated with serum levels of IL-7 and IL-17 in either generalized patients or ocular patients. A luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-181c could directly bind to the 3'-UTR of interleukin-7. Forced expression of miR-181c led to decreased IL-7 and IL-17 release in cultured PBMCs, while depletion of miR-181c increased the secretion of these two proinflammatory cytokines. The results from our study suggested for the first time that miR-181c was able to negatively regulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-7 and IL-17 in MG patients, and it is a novel potential therapeutic target for MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Mingfeng Guo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Xin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Shao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linlin Fu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Lab of Infection and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - YuZhong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Lab of Infection and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruiguo Dong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chenghua Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonghai Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Deqin Geng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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22
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Schaffert H, Pelz A, Saxena A, Losen M, Meisel A, Thiel A, Kohler S. IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells contribute to the loss of B-cell tolerance in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1339-47. [PMID: 25676041 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of autoantibody-mediated diseases is unclear. Here, we assessed the contribution of Th17 cells to the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), which is induced by repetitive immunizations with Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor (tAChR). We show that a significant fraction of tAChR-specific CD4(+) T cells is producing IL-17. IL-17(ko) mice developed fewer or no EAMG symptoms, although the frequencies of tAChR-specific CD4(+) T cells secreting IL-2, IFN-γ, or IL-21, and the percentage of FoxP3(+) Treg cells were similar to WT mice. Even though the total anti-tAChR antibody levels were equal, the complement fixating IgG2b subtype was reduced in IL-17(ko) as compared to WT mice. Most importantly, pathogenic anti-murine AChR antibodies were significantly lower in IL-17(ko) mice. Furthermore, we confirmed the role of Th17 cells in EAMG pathogenesis by the reconstitution of TCR β/δ(ko) mice with WT or IL-17(ko) CD4(+) T cells. In conclusion, we show that the level of IgG2b and the loss of B-cell tolerance, which results in pathogenic anti-murine AChR-specific antibodies, are dependent on IL-17 production by CD4(+) T cells. Thus, we describe here for the first time how Th17 cells are involved in the induction of classical antibody-mediated autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Schaffert
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Pelz
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Abhishek Saxena
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Losen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Meisel
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (NCRC), Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Thiel
- Department of Regenerative Immunology and Aging, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Siegfried Kohler
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (NCRC), Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Solt LA, Banerjee S, Campbell S, Kamenecka TM, Burris TP. ROR inverse agonist suppresses insulitis and prevents hyperglycemia in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Endocrinology 2015; 156:869-81. [PMID: 25560829 PMCID: PMC4330305 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia associated with type 1 diabetes is a consequence of immune-mediated destruction of insulin producing pancreatic β-cells. Although it is apparent that both CD8(+) T cells and TH1 cells are key contributors to type 1 diabetes, the function of TH17 cells in disease onset and progression remains unclear. The nuclear receptors retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors-α and γt (RORα and RORγt) play critical roles in the development of TH17 cells and ROR-specific synthetic ligands have proven efficacy in several mouse models of autoimmunity. To investigate the roles and therapeutic potential for targeting the RORs in type 1 diabetes, we administered SR1001, a selective RORα/γ inverse agonist, to nonobese diabetic mice. SR1001 significantly reduced diabetes incidence and insulitis in the treated mice. Furthermore, SR1001 reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression, particularly TH17-mediated cytokines, reduced autoantibody production, and increased the frequency of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells. These data suggest that TH17 cells may have a pathological role in the development of type 1 diabetes, and use of ROR-specific synthetic ligands targeting this cell type may prove utility as a novel treatment for type 1 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoantibodies
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hyperglycemia/prevention & control
- Insulin/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/agonists
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/agonists
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Solt
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics (L.A.S., S.B., S.C., T.M.K.), The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science (T.B.P.), Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63104
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Contrasting immune responses mediate Campylobacter jejuni-induced colitis and autoimmunity. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:802-17. [PMID: 24220299 PMCID: PMC4112758 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne enteritis that has been linked to the autoimmune neuropathy, Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS). C57BL/6 interleukin (IL)-10(+/+) and congenic IL-10(-/-) mice serve as C. jejuni colonization and colitis models, respectively, but a mouse model for GBS is lacking. We demonstrate that IL-10(-/-) mice infected with a C. jejuni colitogenic human isolate had significantly upregulated type 1 and 17 but not type 2 cytokines in the colon coincident with infiltration of phagocytes, T cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Both ILC and T cells participated in interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-17, and IL-22 upregulation but in a time- and organ-specific manner. T cells were, however, necessary for colitis as mice depleted of Thy-1(+) cells were protected while neither Rag1(-/-) nor IL-10R blocked Rag1(-/-) mice developed colitis after infection. Depleting IFN-γ, IL-17, or both significantly ameliorated colitis and drove colonic responses toward type 2 cytokine and antibody induction. In contrast, C. jejuni GBS patient strains induced mild colitis associated with blunted type 1/17 but enhanced type 2 responses. Moreover, the type 2 but not type 1/17 antibodies cross-reacted with peripheral nerve gangliosides demonstrating autoimmunity.
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25
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Yang X, Gao T, Shi R, Zhou X, Qu J, Xu J, Shan Z, Teng W. Effect of iodine excess on Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cell subpopulations in the thyroid of NOD.H-2h4 mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 159:288-96. [PMID: 24740393 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9958-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Iodine is an indispensable micronutrient for thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolism. Iodine excess may trigger and exacerbate autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). The pathogenetic mechanism of iodine excess-induced AIT is partly regarded as T helper type 1 (Th1) cell and/or T helper type 17 (Th17) cell dominant autoimmune disease. It is still unknown whether other cluster of differentiation 4+ T (CD4+T) cell subpopulations are involved. Therefore, we studied the profile of all the CD4+T cell subpopulations of the thyroid in iodine excess-induced nonobese diabetic-H2h4 (NOD.H-2h4) mice to explore the potential immunologic mechanism of iodine excess-induced AIT. A total of 40 healthy 8-week-old NOD.H-2h4 mice were randomly allocated into the normal group (NG, n=20) and the test group (TG, n=20), which were fed with double-distilled water and 0.05% sodium iodine (NaI) for 8 weeks, respectively. Compared to the NG, in the TG, the incidence of AIT was significantly higher, the expressions of interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-23 (IL-23), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) remarkably increased by immunohistochemistry, which were further verified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while the protein and mRNA expressions of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-γ (INF-γ) decreased markedly. In the AIT mice, the expressions of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt), retinoic acid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were much higher, the expression of forkhead/winged helix transcription factor p3 (Foxp3) significantly lower by western blot, and the proportion of Th17 cells by flow cytometry method (FCM) much larger compared to those of the NG group. In conclusion, Th17 cells may promote an inflammatory reaction in the development of iodine-excess-induced AIT, which is negatively regulated by Th1, T helper type 2 (Th2), and regulatory T (Treg) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
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Suzuki K, Nagao T, Itabashi M, Hamano Y, Sugamata R, Yamazaki Y, Yumura W, Tsukita S, Wang PC, Nakayama T, Suzuki K. A novel autoantibody against moesin in the serum of patients with MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 29:1168-77. [PMID: 24319012 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA) directed against myeloperoxidase (MPO), a diagnostic criterion in MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis (MPO-AAV), does not always correlate with disease activity. Here, we detected autoantibodies against moesin, which was located on the surface of stimulated endothelial cells, in the serum of patients. METHODS The anti-moesin autoantibody titer was evaluated by ELISA. Seventeen kinds of cytokines/chemokines were measured by a Bio-Plex system. RESULTS Serum creatinine in the anti-moesin autoantibody-positive group was higher than that in the negative group. Additionally, interferon (IFN)-γ, macrophage chemotactic peptide-1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, IL-12p70, IL-13, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor were significantly higher in the positive group. Furthermore, IL-7 and IL-12p70 levels correlated with the anti-moesin autoantibody titer. Based on these findings and the binding of anti-moesin IgG to neutrophils and monocytes, we detected the secretion of cytokines/chemokines such as IFN-γ, MCP-1 and GM-CSF from these cells. CONCLUSIONS The anti-moesin autoantibody existed in the serum of patients with MPO-AAV and was associated with the production of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines targeting neutrophils with a cytoplasmic profile, which suggests that the anti-moesin autoantibody has the possibility to be a novel autoantibody developing vasculitis via neutrophil and endothelial cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koya Suzuki
- Inflammation Program, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba City, Japan Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, Japan Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Nagao
- Inflammation Program, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba City, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Itabashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Hamano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi University, School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sugamata
- Inflammation Program, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba City, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wako Yumura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi University, School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Pi-Chao Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba City, Japan
| | - Kazuo Suzuki
- Inflammation Program, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba City, Japan Asia International Institute of Infectious Disease Control, Department of Health Protection, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The mechanisms of tolerance induction and maintenance remain incompletely understood and have yet to be translated to clinical practice. Advances in imaging techniques have allowed precise examination of cell interactions in the lymph node, often in real time. Herein we review evidence that lymph node structure is dynamic and controls the character of the immune response in a multistep, multiplayer dance. T-cell responses in particular can be initiated or influenced in regions beyond the canonical T-cell zone. We propose that the cortical ridge is one such region required for induction and maintenance of tolerance. RECENT FINDINGS Lymph node domains are more complex than T-cell and B-cell zones. Different domains are important for different types of immune responses. These domains are in part defined by dynamic, malleable physical structures that guide cell interactions and influence immune outcomes. SUMMARY Further probing as to how lymph node stromal cells and fibers interact with and determine the character of immune responses should yield fundamental insights into tolerance and immunity. Manipulation of lymph node structure and associated unique cell types and molecules may allow therapeutic interventions in the tolerogenic process.
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Wang J, Zheng S, Xin N, Dou C, Fu L, Zhang X, Chen J, Zhang Y, Geng D, Xiao C, Cui G, Shen X, Lu Y, Wang J, Dong R, Qiao Y, Zhang Y. Identification of Novel MicroRNA Signatures Linked to Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis Pathogenesis: Down-Regulated miR-145 Promotes Pathogenetic Th17 Cell Response. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2013; 8:1287-302. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-013-9498-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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29
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Zheng S, Dou C, Xin N, Wang J, Wang J, Li P, Fu L, Shen X, Cui G, Dong R, Lu J, Zhang Y. Expression of interleukin-22 in myasthenia gravis. Scand J Immunol 2013; 78:98-107. [PMID: 23617779 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
IL-17 and IL-22 are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The roles of IL-22 in the pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis (MG) remain unsettled. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between serum IL-22, IL-17 levels, anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody (anti-AChR Ab) titres and clinical parameters in patients with MG. The serum IL-22, IL-17 levels and anti-AChR Ab titres were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while the expression of IL-22 and IL-17 mRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy and MG subjects were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, PBMC from 12 patients with generalized MG were purified and treated with recombinant human IL-22 (rhIL-22), the IL-17 levels of supernatant were detected by ELISA. We found that the IL-17 levels were significantly increased, but IL-22 levels were significantly decreased in the serum of patients with MG compared with healthy controls. Consistantly, a significant decrease in IL-22 mRNA levels and an increase in IL-17 mRNA levels were detected in PBMC collected from patients with MG, compared with healthy controls. A negative correlation between IL-22 mRNA in PBMC, serum IL-22 and serum anti-AChR Ab levels was found in patients with MG. Moreover, in cultured MG PBMC treated with recombinant human IL-22 (rhIL-22), the IL-17 levels were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings indicated a possible role of IL-22 as a protective factor in MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Ashigaki N, Suzuki JI, Ogawa M, Watanabe R, Aoyama N, Kobayashi N, Hanatani T, Sekinishi A, Zempo H, Tada Y, Takamura C, Wakayama K, Hirata Y, Nagai R, Izumi Y, Isobe M. Periodontal bacteria aggravate experimental autoimmune myocarditis in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 304:H740-8. [PMID: 23262138 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00634.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most common infections in humans. Recently, published reports assert that periodontitis is associated with cardiovascular disease. Although it is said that viral, bacterial infections and autoimmune diseases may be the cause of myocarditis, the pathogenesis of it remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a periodontal pathogen on experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.), PBS as a control, were injected into the mice. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. We examined heart mRNA levels using quantitative RT-PCR. The anti-P.g. IgG antibody level in plasma samples of the P.g.-injected group significantly increased compared with the PBS-injected group. Histopathological analysis detected that the myocarditis-affected areas and the fibrotic area in the P.g.-injected EAM group significantly increased compared with the PBS-injected EAM group (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis detected that more CD11b-positive cells were shown in the heart of the P.g.-injected EAM group compared with the PBS EAM-injected group (P < 0.05). Hearts from the P.g.-injected EAM group showed significantly increased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IFN-γ, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) mRNA compared with the hearts from the PBS-injected EAM group (P < 0.05). On day 7, serum levels of IL-6 were significantly enhanced in the P.g.-injected EAM group compared with the PBS-injected EAM group (P < 0.05). These results showed that P.g. injection could deteriorate EAM in mice through CD11b-positive cells, cytokines, and MMP-9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Ashigaki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Kang Z, Liu L, Spangler R, Spear C, Wang C, Gulen MF, Veenstra M, Ouyang W, Ransohoff RM, Li X. IL-17-induced Act1-mediated signaling is critical for cuprizone-induced demyelination. J Neurosci 2012; 32:8284-92. [PMID: 22699909 PMCID: PMC3412399 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0841-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cuprizone inhibits mitochondrial function and induces demyelination in the corpus callosum, which resembles pattern III lesions in multiple sclerosis patients. However, the molecular and cellular mechanism by which cuprizone induces demyelination remains unclear. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) secreted by T helper 17 cells and γδT cells are essential in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In this study, we examined the importance of IL-17 signaling in cuprizone-induced demyelination. We found that mice deficient in IL-17A, IL-17 receptor C (IL-17RC), and adaptor protein Act1 (of IL-17R) all had reduced demyelination accompanied by lessened microglial and polydendrocyte cellular reactivity compared with that in wild-type mice in response to cuprizone feeding, demonstrating the essential role of IL-17-induced Act1-mediated signaling in cuprizone-induced demyelination. Importantly, specific deletion of Act1 in astrocytes reduced the severity of tissue injury in this model, indicating the critical role of CNS resident cells in the pathogenesis of cuprizone-induced demyelination. In cuprizone-fed mice, IL-17 was produced by CNS CD3(+) T cells, suggesting a source of IL-17 in CNS upon cuprizone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liping Liu
- Neuroinflammation Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, and
| | - Roo Spangler
- Neuroinflammation Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, and
| | - Charles Spear
- Neuroinflammation Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, and
| | | | | | - Mike Veenstra
- Neuroinflammation Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, and
| | - Wenjun Ouyang
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Richard M. Ransohoff
- Neuroinflammation Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, and
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Soltys J, Halperin JA, Xuebin Q. DAF/CD55 and Protectin/CD59 modulate adaptive immunity and disease outcome in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. J Neuroimmunol 2012; 244:63-9. [PMID: 22325826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The role of regulators of complement activity (RCA) involving CD55 and CD59 in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) remains unclear. CD55 and CD59 restrict complement activation by inhibiting C3/C5 convertases' activities and membrane attack complex formation, respectively. Actively immunized EAMG mice deficient in either CD55 or CD59 showed significant differences in adaptive immune responses and worsened disease outcome associated with increased levels of serum cytokines, modified production of acetylcholine receptor antibodies, and more complement deposition at the neuromuscular junction. We conclude that modulation of complement activity by RCA represents an alternative in controlling of autoimmune processes in EAMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindrich Soltys
- Department of Neurology & Psychiatry, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States.
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33
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Piconese S, Costanza M, Tripodo C, Sangaletti S, Musio S, Pittoni P, Poliani PL, Burocchi A, Passafaro AL, Gorzanelli A, Vitali C, Chiodoni C, Barnaba V, Pedotti R, Colombo MP. The matricellular protein SPARC supports follicular dendritic cell networking toward Th17 responses. J Autoimmun 2011; 37:300-10. [PMID: 21962567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lymphnode swelling during immune responses is a transient, finely regulated tissue rearrangement, accomplished with the participation of the extracellular matrix. Here we show that murine and human reactive lymph nodes express SPARC in the germinal centres. Defective follicular dendritic cell networking in SPARC-deficient mice is accompanied by a severe delay in the arrangement of germinal centres and development of humoral autoimmunity, events that are linked to Th17 development. SPARC is required for the optimal and rapid differentiation of Th17 cells, accordingly we show delayed development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis whose pathogenesis involves Th17. Not only host radioresistant cells, namely follicular dendritic cells, but also CD4(+) cells are the relevant sources of SPARC, in vivo. Th17 differentiation and germinal centre formation mutually depend on SPARC for a proper functional crosstalk. Indeed, Th17 cells can enter the germinal centres in SPARC-competent, but not SPARC-deficient, mice. In summary, SPARC optimizes the changes occurring in lymphoid extracellular matrix harboring complex interactions between follicular dendritic cells, B cells and Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Piconese
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, AmadeoLab, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
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34
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Ren J, Bai Y, Hao L, Dong Y, Pi Z, Jia L. Amelioration of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis rats by blood purification treatment using 4-mercaptoethylpyridine-based adsorbent. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 98:589-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Aricha R, Mizrachi K, Fuchs S, Souroujon MC. Blocking of IL-6 suppresses experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. J Autoimmun 2011; 36:135-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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36
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Aricha R, Feferman T, Scott HS, Souroujon MC, Berrih-Aknin S, Fuchs S. The susceptibility of Aire(-/-) mice to experimental myasthenia gravis involves alterations in regulatory T cells. J Autoimmun 2011; 36:16-24. [PMID: 21035305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The autoimmune regulator (Aire) is involved in the prevention of autoimmunity by promoting thymic expression of tissue restricted antigens which leads to elimination of self-reactive T cells. We found that Aire knockout (KO) mice as well as mouse strains that are susceptible to experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) have lower thymic expression of acetylcholine receptor (AChR- the main autoantigen in MG), compared to wild type (WT) mice and EAMG-resistant mouse strains, respectively. We demonstrated that Aire KO mice have a significant and reproducible lower frequency of CD4+Foxp3+ cells and a higher expression of Th17 markers in their thymus, compared to wild type (WT) mice. These findings led us to expect that Aire KO mice would display increased susceptibility to EAMG. Surprisingly, when EAMG was induced in young (2 month-old) mice, EAMG was milder in Aire KO than in WT mice for several weeks until the age of about 5 months. However, when EAMG was induced in relatively aged (6 month-old) mice, Aire KO mice presented higher disease severity than WT controls. This age-related change in susceptibility to EAMG correlated with an elevated proportion of Treg cells in the spleens of young but not old KO, compared to WT mice, suggesting a role for peripheral Treg cells in the course of disease. Our observations point to a possible link between Aire and Treg cells and suggest an involvement for both in the pathogenesis of myasthenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revital Aricha
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
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37
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Hickman-Brecks CL, Racz JL, Meyer DM, LaBranche TP, Allen PM. Th17 cells can provide B cell help in autoantibody induced arthritis. J Autoimmun 2010; 36:65-75. [PMID: 21075597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
K/BxN mice develop a spontaneous destructive arthritis driven by T cell dependent anti-glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) antibody production. In this study, a modified version of the K/BxN model, the KRN-cell transfer model (KRN-CTM), was established to determine the contribution of Th17 cells in the development of chronic arthritis. The transfer of naive KRN T cells into B6.TCR.Cα(-/-)H-2(b/g7) T cell deficient mice induced arthritis by day 10 of transfer. Arthritis progressively developed for a period of up to 14 days following T cell transfer, thereafter the disease severity declined, but did not resolve. Both IL-17A and IFNγ were detected in the recovered T cells from the popliteal lymph nodes and ankles. The transfer of KRN Th17 polarized KRN CD4(+) T cells expressing IL-17A and IFNγ induced arthritis in all B6.TCR.Cα(-/-)H-2(b/g7) mice however the transfer of Th1 polarized KRN CD4(+) T cells expressing IFNγ alone induced disease in only 2/3 of the mice and disease induction was delayed compared to Th17 transfers. Th17 polarized KRN/T-bet(-/-) cells induced arthritis in all mice and surprisingly, IFNγ was produced demonstrating that T-bet expression is not critical for arthritis induction, regardless of the cytokine expression. Neutralization of IFNγ in KRN Th17 transfers resulted in earlier onset of disease while the neutralization of IL-17A delayed disease development. Consistent with K/BxN mice, naive KRN T cell transfers and Th17 polarized KRN/T-bet(-/-) transfers induced anti-GPI IgG(1) dominant responses while KRN Th17 cells induced high levels of IgG(2b). These data demonstrate that Th17 cells can participate in the production of autoantibodies that can induce arthritis.
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Yu J, Zheng C, Ren X, Li J, Liu M, Zhang L, Liang L, Du W, Han ZC. Intravenous administration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells benefits experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis mice through an immunomodulatory action. Scand J Immunol 2010; 72:242-9. [PMID: 20696022 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are potent in immunomodulation. It has been proven that MSC functioned to correct immune disorder in several immune diseases. Here, we tested the hypothesis that MSC from human bone marrow (hMSC) can provide a potential therapy for experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). EAMG mice model was established by subcutaneous injection of synthetic analogue of acetylcholine receptor (AchR), then, hMSC were intravenously delivered into these mice repeatedly. The results showed that hMSC could specifically home to spleen tissue and hMSC treatment significantly improved the functional deficits of EAMG mice. In addition, AchR antibody level was dramatically decreased in cell-treated group when compared with untreated control on 10 days after the second cell injection. Moreover, both in vivo and in vitro mixed lymphocyte proliferation assays revealed that hMSC could definitely inhibit the proliferation of AchR-specific lymphocyte. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that hMSC treatment was therapeutically useful in autoimmune myasthenia gravis mice, and the underlying mechanism may relate with their immunomodulatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union, Medical College (CAMS&PUMC), Tianjin, PR China
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39
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Abstract
For several decades, allograft rejection was believed to be mediated almost exclusively by cellular immune responses, but it is now realized that humoral responses also play a major role. Although directed typically against donor human leukocyte antigen, it is becoming increasingly evident that the antibody response can also target autoantigens that are shared between donor and recipient and that this autoantibody may contribute to graft rejection. Many aspects of transplant-induced humoral autoimmunity remain poorly understood and key questions persist; not least what triggers the response and how autoantibody causes graft damage. Here, we collate results from recent clinical and experimental studies in transplantation and autoimmune diseases to propose answers to these questions.
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40
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Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular junction disease mediated by antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). The etiology and immunopathogenesis of MG remain unclear. Recent research has shown the involvement of autoantibodies, lymphocytes, cytokines and chemokines, in the pathogenesis of MG. Systematic factors are also demonstrated, such as inheritance and endocrine. This review indicates the research development in immunopathogenesis of MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Huang
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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Liu R, Hao J, Dayao CS, Shi FD, Campagnolo DI. T-bet deficiency decreases susceptibility to experimental myasthenia gravis. Exp Neurol 2009; 220:366-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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42
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Horie I, Abiru N, Nagayama Y, Kuriya G, Saitoh O, Ichikawa T, Iwakura Y, Eguchi K. T helper type 17 immune response plays an indispensable role for development of iodine-induced autoimmune thyroiditis in nonobese diabetic-H2h4 mice. Endocrinology 2009; 150:5135-42. [PMID: 19797122 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
T helper type 1(Th1)/Th2 paradigm has been expanded by discovery of a novel effector T cell (T(eff)) subset, Th17 cells, which produce a proinflammatory cytokine IL-17. Th17 cells have recently been shown to play a major role in numerous autoimmune diseases that had previously been thought to be Th1-dominant diseases. We here studied the significance of Th17 cells in iodine-induced autoimmune thyroiditis in nonobese diabetic-H2(h4) mice, a mouse model of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in humans, which spontaneously develop antithyroglobulin autoantibodies and intrathyroidal lymphocyte infiltration when supplied with iodine in the drinking water. We observed increased numbers of Th1 and Th17 cells in spleen and accumulation of both types of T(eff) in the thyroid glands of iodine-fed wild-type mice, indicating that Th17 cells as well as Th1 cells constitute thyroid lesions. Furthermore, the incidence and severity of intrathyroidal lymphocyte infiltration, and the titers of antithyroglobulin autoantibodies were markedly reduced in iodine-treated IL-17(-/-) mice as compared with wild-type mice. Of interest, IL-17(+/-) mice showed an intermediate phenotype. Therefore, the present study, together with a previous report demonstrating the importance of Th1, not Th2, immune response for developing thyroiditis using mice deficient for interferon-gamma or IL-4, clearly indicates that both Th1 and Th17 cells are critical T(eff) subsets for the pathogenesis of spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis in nonobese diabetic-H2(h4) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Horie
- Department of Medical Gene Technology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523 Japan
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Suppression of ongoing experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by transfer of RelB-silenced bone marrow dentritic cells is associated with a change from a T helper Th17/Th1 to a Th2 and FoxP3+ regulatory T-cell profile. Inflamm Res 2009; 59:197-205. [PMID: 19768385 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-009-0087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the therapeutic effect of RelB-silenced dendritic cells (DCs) in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), and further to investigate the mechanism of this immune system therapeutic. METHODS (1) RelB-silenced DCs and control DCs were prepared and the supernatants were collected for IL-12p70, IL-6, and IL-23 measurement by ELISA. (2) RelB-silenced DCs and control DCs were co-cultured with AChR-specific T cells, and the supernatant was collected to observe the IL-17, IFN-gamma, IL-4 production. (3) EAMG mice with clinical scores of 1 to 2 were collected and enrolled randomly into the RelB-silenced DC group or the control DC group. RelB-silenced DCs or an equal amount of control DCs were injected intravenously on days 0, 7, and 14 after enrollment. Clinical scores were evaluated every other day. Twenty days after allotment, serum from individual mice was collected to detect serum concentrations of anti-mouse AChR IgG, IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2c. The splenocytes were isolated for analysis of lymphocyte proliferative responses, cytokine (IL-17, IFN-gamma, IL-4) production, and protein levels of RORgammat, T-bet, GATA-3, and FoxP3 (the special transcription factors of Th17, Th1, Th2, and Treg, respectively). RESULTS (1) RelB-silenced DCs produced significantly reduced amounts of IL-12p70, IL-6, and IL-23, as compared with control DCs. (2) RelB-silenced DCs spurred on the CD4(+) T cells from Th1/Th17 to the Th2 cell subset in the co-culture system. (3) Treatment with RelB-silenced DCs effectively reduced myasthenic symptoms and levels of serum anti-acetylcholine receptor autoantibody in mice with ongoing EAMG. Th17-related markers (RORgammat, IL-17) and Th1-related markers (T-bet, IFN-gamma) were downregulated, whereas Th2 markers (IL-4 and GATA3) and Treg marker (FoxP3) were upregulated. CONCLUSIONS RelB-silenced DCs were able to create a particular cytokine environment that was absent of inflammatory cytokines. RelB-silenced DCs provide a practical means to normalize the differentiation of the four T-cell subsets (Th17, Th1, Th2, and Treg) in vivo, and thus possess therapeutic potential in Th1/Th17-dominant autoimmune disorders such as myasthenia gravis.
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Lineages of human T-cell clones, including T helper 17/T helper 1 cells, isolated at different stages of anti-factor VIII immune responses. Blood 2009; 114:1423-8. [PMID: 19549986 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-01-200725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors) after factor VIII (FVIII) infusions is a serious complication that affects approximately one-quarter of hemophilia A patients who have access to replacement therapy. To investigate the differentiation of naive T cells into FVIII-specific helper T cells that promote B-cell activation and antibody secretion, HLA-DRA-DRB1*0101-restricted T-cell clones that respond to a specific epitope in FVIII were isolated from a mild hemophilia A subject (the proband) 19 weeks and 21 months after his development of a high-titer inhibitor. Clones responding to the same epitope were also isolated from his multiply infused brother, who has not developed a clinically significant inhibitor. The 19-week proband clones were T helper (T(H))17/T(H)1- or T(H)1/T(H)2-polarized, whereas all 8 clones isolated 21 months postinhibitor development were T(H)2-polarized cells. In contrast, all 6 clones from the brother who did not develop an inhibitor were T(H)1-polarized, indicating that tolerance to FVIII can be maintained even with circulating T(H)1-polarized cells that respond vigorously to in vitro FVIII stimulation. This is the first evidence that T(H)17/T(H)1-polarized cells play a role in hemophilic immune responses to FVIII. Furthermore, this is the first report of successful isolation and expansion of antigen-specific human T(H)17/T(H)1 clones using standard culture conditions.
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Emamaullee JA, Davis J, Merani S, Toso C, Elliott JF, Thiesen A, Shapiro AMJ. Inhibition of Th17 cells regulates autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. Diabetes 2009; 58:1302-11. [PMID: 19289457 PMCID: PMC2682686 DOI: 10.2337/db08-1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The T helper 17 (Th17) population, a subset of CD4-positive T-cells that secrete interleukin (IL)-17, has been implicated in autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis and lupus. Therapeutic agents that target the Th17 effector molecule IL-17 or directly inhibit the Th17 population (IL-25) have shown promise in animal models of autoimmunity. The role of Th17 cells in type 1 diabetes has been less clear. The effect of neutralizing anti-IL-17 and recombinant IL-25 on the development of diabetes in NOD mice, a model of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes, was investigated in this study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS AND RESULTS Although treatment with either anti-IL-17 or IL-25 had no effect on diabetes development in young (<5 weeks) NOD mice, either intervention prevented diabetes when treatment was started at 10 weeks of age (P < 0.001). Insulitis scoring and immunofluorescence staining revealed that both anti-IL-17 and IL-25 significantly reduced peri-islet T-cell infiltrates. Both treatments also decreased GAD65 autoantibody levels. Analysis of pancreatic lymph nodes revealed that both treatments increased the frequency of regulatory T-cells. Further investigation demonstrated that IL-25 therapy was superior to anti-IL-17 during mature diabetes because it promoted a period of remission from new-onset diabetes in 90% of treated animals. Similarly, IL-25 delayed recurrent autoimmunity after syngeneic islet transplantation, whereas anti-IL-17 was of no benefit. GAD65-specific ELISpot and CD4-positive adoptive transfer studies showed that IL-25 treatment resulted in a T-cell-mediated dominant protective effect against autoimmunity. CONCLUSIONS These studies suggest that Th17 cells are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes. Further development of Th17-targeted therapeutic agents may be of benefit in this disease.
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Paper and market watch. Biotechnol J 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200890085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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