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Wu Z, Zang Y, Li C, He Z, Liu J, Du Z, Ma X, Jing L, Duan H, Feng J, Yan X. CD146, a therapeutic target involved in cell plasticity. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024:10.1007/s11427-023-2521-x. [PMID: 38613742 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Since its identification as a marker for advanced melanoma in the 1980s, CD146 has been found to have multiple functions in both physiological and pathological processes, including embryonic development, tissue repair and regeneration, tumor progression, fibrosis disease, and inflammations. Subsequent research has revealed that CD146 is involved in various signaling pathways as a receptor or co-receptor in these processes. This correlation between CD146 and multiple diseases has sparked interest in its potential applications in diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy. To better comprehend the versatile roles of CD146, we have summarized its research history and synthesized findings from numerous reports, proposing that cell plasticity serves as the underlying mechanism through which CD146 contributes to development, regeneration, and various diseases. Targeting CD146 would consequently halt cell state shifting during the onset and progression of these related diseases. Therefore, the development of therapy targeting CD146 holds significant practical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wu
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuzhe Zang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuyi Li
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiheng He
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaoqi Du
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinran Ma
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Jing
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hongxia Duan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, 451163, China.
| | - Jing Feng
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xiyun Yan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, 451163, China.
- Joint Laboratory of Nanozymes in Zhengzhou University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Mansoor A, Kamran H, Akhter A, Seno R, Torlakovic EE, Roshan TM, Shabani-Rad MT, Elyamany G, Minoo P, Stewart D. Identification of Potential Therapeutic Targets for Plasmablastic Lymphoma Through Gene Expression Analysis: Insights into RAS and Wnt Signaling Pathways. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100198. [PMID: 37105495 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare and aggressive B-cell lymphoma with overlapping characteristics with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and multiple myeloma. Hyperactive Wnt signaling derails homeostasis and promotes oncogenesis and chemoresistance in DLBCL and multiple myeloma. Evidence suggests active cross-talk between the Wnt and RAS pathways impacting metastasis in solid cancers in which combined targeted therapies show effective results. Recent genomic studies in PBL demonstrated a high frequency of mutations linked with the RAS signaling pathway. However, the role of RAS and Wnt signaling pathway molecule expression in PBL remained unknown. We examined the expression of Wnt and RAS pathway-related genes in a well-curated cohort of PBL. Because activated B cells are considered immediate precursors of plasmablasts in B cell development, we compared this data with activated B-cell type DLBCL (ABC-DLBCL) patients, employing NanoString transcriptome analysis (770 genes). Hierarchical clustering revealed distinctive differential gene expression between PBL and ABC-DLBCL. Gene set enrichment analysis labeled the RAS signaling pathway as the most enriched (37 genes) in PBL, including upregulating critical genes, such as NRAS, RAF1, SHC1, and SOS1. Wnt pathway genes were also enriched (n = 22) by gene set enrichment analysis. Molecules linked with Wnt signaling activation, such as ligands or targets (FZD3, FZD7, c-MYC, WNT5A, WNT5B, and WNT10B), were elevated in PBL. Our data also showed that, unlike ABC-DLBCL, the deranged Wnt signaling activity in PBL was not linked with hyperactive nuclear factor κB and B-cell receptor signaling. In divergence, Wnt signaling inhibitors (CXXC4, SFRP2, and DKK1) also showed overexpression in PBL. The high expression of RAS signaling molecules reported may indicate linkage with gain-in-function RAS mutations. In addition, high expression of Wnt and RAS signaling molecules may pave pathways to explore benefiting from combined targeted therapies, as reported in solid cancer, to improve prognosis in PBL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Mansoor
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Precision Laboratories (APL), Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Hamza Kamran
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Precision Laboratories (APL), Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ariz Akhter
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Precision Laboratories (APL), Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rommel Seno
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Emina E Torlakovic
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Tariq Mahmood Roshan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Precision Laboratories (APL), Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Meer-Taher Shabani-Rad
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Precision Laboratories (APL), Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ghaleb Elyamany
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Precision Laboratories (APL), Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Parham Minoo
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, and Alberta Precision Laboratories (APL), Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Douglas Stewart
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Novel Insights into the Role of Kras in Myeloid Differentiation: Engaging with Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020322. [PMID: 36672256 PMCID: PMC9857056 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells of the HL-60 myeloid leukemia cell line can be differentiated into neutrophil-like cells by treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The molecular mechanisms involved in this differentiation process, however, remain unclear. This review focuses on the differentiation of HL-60 cells. Although the Ras proteins, a group of small GTP-binding proteins, are ubiquitously expressed and highly homologous, each has specific molecular functions. Kras was shown to be essential for normal mouse development, whereas Hras and Nras are not. Kras knockout mice develop profound hematopoietic defects, indicating that Kras is required for hematopoiesis in adults. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating the homeostasis of hematopoietic cells. The protein β-catenin is a key player in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. A great deal of evidence shows that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is deregulated in malignant tumors, including hematological malignancies. Wild-type Kras acts as a tumor suppressor during DMSO-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells. Upon DMSO treatment, Kras translocates to the plasma membrane, and its activity is enhanced. Inhibition of Kras attenuates CD11b expression. DMSO also elevates levels of GSK3β phosphorylation, resulting in the release of unphosphorylated β-catenin from the β-catenin destruction complex and its accumulation in the cytoplasm. The accumulated β-catenin subsequently translocates into the nucleus. Inhibition of Kras attenuates Lef/Tcf-sensitive transcription activity. Thus, upon treatment of HL-60 cells with DMSO, wild-type Kras reacts with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, thereby regulating the granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells. Wild-type Kras and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway are activated sequentially, increasing the levels of expression of C/EBPα, C/EBPε, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor.
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"Losing the Brakes"-Suppressed Inhibitors Triggering Uncontrolled Wnt/ ß-Catenin Signaling May Provide a Potential Therapeutic Target in Elderly Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:604-613. [PMID: 36661526 PMCID: PMC9858232 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction is implicated in initiation, propagation, and poor prognosis in AML. Epigenetic inactivation is central to Wnt/β-catenin hyperactivity, and Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors are being investigated as targeted therapy. Dysregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling has also been linked to accelerated aging. Since AML is a disease of old age (>60 yrs), we hypothesized age-related differential activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in AML patients. We probed Wnt/β-catenin expression in a series of AML in the elderly (>60 yrs) and compared it to a cohort of pediatric AML (<18 yrs). RNA from diagnostic bone marrow biopsies (n = 101) were evaluated for key Wnt/β-catenin molecule expression utilizing the NanoString platform. Differential expression of significance was defined as >2.5-fold difference (p < 0.01). A total of 36 pediatric AML (<18 yrs) and 36 elderly AML (>60 yrs) were identified in this cohort. Normal bone marrows (n = 10) were employed as controls. Wnt/β-catenin target genes (MYC, MYB, and RUNX1) showed upregulation, while Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors (CXXR, DKK1-4, SFRP1-4, SOST, and WIFI) were suppressed in elderly AML compared to pediatric AML and controls. Our data denote that suppressed inhibitor expression (through mutation or hypermethylation) is an additional contributing factor in Wnt/β-catenin hyperactivity in elderly AML, thus supporting Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors as potential targeted therapy.
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Spinal ectopic recurrence of craniopharyngioma in a pediatric patient. Childs Nerv Syst 2023; 39:279-284. [PMID: 35831710 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-022-05604-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Craniopharyngiomas are rare, benign lesions that can be treated with surgery, radiation therapy, or a combination of these modalities. They have a propensity for local recurrence, but there have also been rare cases reported of ectopic recurrence. Here, we present the case of a 15-year-old girl with a recurrence of craniopharyngioma in the spine, which is the second-ever reported case of recurrence outside of the brain in a pediatric patient, and review the 19 reported cases of ectopic recurrence in pediatric patients due to cerebrospinal fluid dissemination.
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Axin2/Conductin Is Required for Normal Haematopoiesis and T Lymphopoiesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172679. [PMID: 36078085 PMCID: PMC9454631 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of T lymphocytes in the thymus and their stem cell precursors in the bone marrow is controlled by Wnt signaling in strictly regulated, cell-type specific dosages. In this study, we investigated levels of canonical Wnt signaling during hematopoiesis and T cell development within the Axin2-mTurquoise2 reporter. We demonstrate active Wnt signaling in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and early thymocytes, but also in more mature thymic subsets and peripheral T lymphocytes. Thymic epithelial cells displayed particularly high Wnt signaling, suggesting an interesting crosstalk between thymocytes and thymic epithelial cells (TECs). Additionally, reporter mice allowed us to investigate the loss of Axin2 function, demonstrating decreased HSC repopulation upon transplantation and the partial arrest of early thymocyte development in Axin2Tg/Tg full mutant mice. Mechanistically, loss of Axin2 leads to supraphysiological Wnt levels that disrupt HSC differentiation and thymocyte development.
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Liu Y, Ni M, Li L, Wang J, Tu Z, Zhou H, Zhang S. A novel four-gene signature predicts immunotherapy response of patients with different cancers. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24494. [PMID: 35588138 PMCID: PMC9279975 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has demonstrated favorable clinical efficacy, particularly for advanced or difficult‐to‐treat cancer types. However, this therapy is ineffective for many patients displaying lack of immune response or resistance to ICB. This study aimed to establish a novel four‐gene signature (CD8A, CD8B, TCF7, and LEF1) to provide a prognostic immunotherapy biomarker for different cancers. Methods Transcriptome profiles and clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to establish a four‐gene signature. The R package estimate was used to obtain the immune score for every patient. Results Risk scores of the novel four‐gene signature could effectively divided all patients into high‐ and low‐risk groups, with distinct outcomes. The immune score calculated via the estimate package demonstrated that the four‐gene signature was significantly associated with the immune infiltration level. Furthermore, the four‐gene signature could predict the response to atezolizumab immunotherapy in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer. Conclusions The novel four‐gene signature developed in this study is a good prognostic biomarker, as it could identify many kinds of patients with cancer who are likely to respond to and benefit from immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanli Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingyue Ni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lamei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Junyan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine (5+3 Programme), Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenzhen Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haisheng Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Siping Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Renault C, Veyrenche N, Mennechet F, Bedin AS, Routy JP, Van de Perre P, Reynes J, Tuaillon E. Th17 CD4+ T-Cell as a Preferential Target for HIV Reservoirs. Front Immunol 2022; 13:822576. [PMID: 35197986 PMCID: PMC8858966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.822576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among CD4+ T-cells, T helper 17 (Th17) cells play a sentinel role in the defense against bacterial/fungal pathogens at mucosal barriers. However, Th17 cells are also highly susceptible to HIV-1 infection and are rapidly depleted from gut mucosal sites, causing an imbalance of the Th17/Treg ratio and impairing cytokines production. Consequently, damage to the gut mucosal barrier leads to an enhanced microbial translocation and systemic inflammation, a hallmark of HIV-1 disease progression. Th17 cells’ expression of mucosal homing receptors (CCR6 and α4β7), as well as HIV receptors and co-receptors (CD4, α4β7, CCR5, and CXCR4), contributes to susceptibility to HIV infection. The up-regulation of numerous intracellular factors facilitating HIV production, alongside the downregulation of factors inhibiting HIV, helps to explain the frequency of HIV DNA within Th17 cells. Th17 cells harbor long-lived viral reservoirs in people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Moreover, cell longevity and the proliferation of a fraction of Th17 CD4 T cells allow HIV reservoirs to be maintained in ART patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Renault
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, INSERM U1058, University of Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, Antilles University, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Veyrenche
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, INSERM U1058, University of Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, Antilles University, Montpellier, France
- Virology Laboratory, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Mennechet
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, INSERM U1058, University of Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, Antilles University, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Bedin
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, INSERM U1058, University of Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, Antilles University, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service and Research Institute and Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Van de Perre
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, INSERM U1058, University of Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, Antilles University, Montpellier, France
- Virology Laboratory, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Reynes
- Virology Laboratory, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IRD UMI 233, INSERM U1175, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Infectious Diseases Department, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Edouard Tuaillon
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, INSERM U1058, University of Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, Antilles University, Montpellier, France
- Virology Laboratory, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- *Correspondence: Edouard Tuaillon,
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Pepe F, Bill M, Papaioannou D, Karunasiri M, Walker A, Naumann E, Snyder K, Ranganathan P, Dorrance A, Garzon R. Targeting Wnt signaling in acute myeloid leukemia stem cells. Haematologica 2022; 107:307-311. [PMID: 34525792 PMCID: PMC8719090 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.266155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Felice Pepe
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Marius Bill
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - Allison Walker
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Eric Naumann
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Katiri Snyder
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Parvathi Ranganathan
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Adrienne Dorrance
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ramiro Garzon
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
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Yu H, Gao R, Chen S, Liu X, Wang Q, Cai W, Vemula S, Fahey AC, Henley D, Kobayashi M, Liu SZ, Qian Z, Kapur R, Broxmeyer HE, Gao Z, Xi R, Liu Y. Bmi1 Regulates Wnt Signaling in Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:2304-2313. [PMID: 34561772 PMCID: PMC9097559 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Polycomb group protein Bmi1 is essential for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and terminal differentiation. However, its target genes in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are largely unknown. We performed gene expression profiling assays and found that genes of the Wnt signaling pathway are significantly elevated in Bmi1 null hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Bmi1 is associated with several genes of the Wnt signaling pathway in hematopoietic cells. Further, we found that Bmi1 represses Wnt gene expression in HSPCs. Importantly, loss of β-catenin, which reduces Wnt activation, partially rescues the HSC self-renewal and differentiation defects seen in the Bmi1 null mice. Thus, we have identified Bmi1 as a novel regulator of Wnt signaling pathway in HSPCs. Given that Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in hematopoiesis, our studies suggest that modulating Wnt signaling may hold potential for enhancing HSC self-renewal, thereby improving the outcomes of HSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sisi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Xicheng Liu
- National Institute of Biological Science, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Wenjie Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sasidhar Vemula
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Aidan C Fahey
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Danielle Henley
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Michihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Stephen Z Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Zhijian Qian
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Zhonghua Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Rongwen Xi
- National Institute of Biological Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Choudhury SR, Dutta S, Bhaduri U, Rao MRS. LncRNA Hmrhl regulates expression of cancer related genes in chronic myelogenous leukemia through chromatin association. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcab042. [PMID: 34734184 PMCID: PMC8559160 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA has emerged as a key regulator of myriad gene functions. One such lncRNA mrhl, reported by our group, was found to have important role in spermatogenesis and embryonic development in mouse. Recently, its human homolog, Hmrhl was shown to have differential expression in several type of cancers. In the present study, we further characterize molecular features of Hmrhl and gain insight into its functional role in leukemia by gene silencing and transcriptome-based studies. Results indicate its high expression in CML patient samples as well as in K562 cell line. Silencing experiments suggest role of Hmrhl in cell proliferation, migration & invasion. RNA-seq and ChiRP-seq data analysis further revealed its association with important biological processes, including perturbed expression of crucial TFs and cancer-related genes. Among them ZIC1, PDGRFβ and TP53 were identified as regulatory targets, with high possibility of triplex formation by Hmrhl at their promoter site. Further, overexpression of PDGRFβ in Hmrhl silenced cells resulted in rescue effect of cancer associated cellular phenotypes. In addition, we also found TAL-1 to be a potential regulator of Hmrhl expression in K562 cells. Thus, we hypothesize that Hmrhl lncRNA may play a significant role in the pathobiology of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Roy Choudhury
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advance Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Sangeeta Dutta
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advance Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Utsa Bhaduri
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advance Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
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Transcriptomic Analysis of Peripheral Monocytes upon Fingolimod Treatment in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4816-4827. [PMID: 34181235 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02465-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fingolimod (FTY), a second-line oral drug approved for relapsing remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) acts in preventing lymphocyte migration outside lymph nodes; moreover, several lines of evidence suggest that it also inhibits myeloid cell activation. In this study, we investigated the transcriptional changes induced by FTY in monocytes in order to better elucidate its mechanism of action. CD14+ monocytes were collected from 24 RRMS patients sampled at baseline and after 6 months of treatment and RNA profiles were obtained through next-generation sequencing. We conducted pathway and sub-paths analysis, followed by centrality analysis of cell-specific interactomes on differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We investigated also the predictive role of baseline monocyte transcription profile in influencing the response to FTY therapy. We observed a marked down-regulation effect (60 down-regulated vs. 0 up-regulated genes). Most of the down-regulated DEGs resulted related with monocyte activation and migration like IL7R, CCR7 and the Wnt signaling mediators LEF1 and TCF7. The involvement of Wnt signaling was also confirmed by subpaths analyses. Furthermore, pathway and network analyses showed an involvement of processes related to immune function and cell migration. Baseline transcriptional profile of the HLA class II gene HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DPA1 were associated with evidence of disease activity after 2 years of treatment. Our data support the evidence that FTY induces major transcriptional changes in monocytes, mainly regarding genes involved in cell trafficking and immune cell activation. The baseline transcriptional levels of genes associated with antigen presenting function were associated with disease activity after 2 years of FTY treatment.
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13
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The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Development of a Cancer Stem Cell Microenvironment Niche and Potential Therapeutic Targets: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102435. [PMID: 34069860 PMCID: PMC8157362 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells that possess traits usually attributed to stem cells. An increase in CSCs can lead to more rapid cancer progression, treatment resistance and the increased likelihood of recurrence. To promote CSC survival and associated cancer progression, cancer cells enter into reciprocal crosstalk with the surrounding tissue environment, as well as with distant metastatic sites. This mechanism of communication relies, in part, on secreted factors, of which extracellular vesicles (EVs) are thought to have a critical role. This systematic review evaluates the current knowledge of cancer communication via EVs to alter the microenvironment to increase the survival and maintenance of CSCs. A total of 16 studies spanning the EV content, pathway alterations and CSC-targeting treatments provide new insights into how EVs mediate CSC traits and identify the gaps in our understanding of how modulation of the microenvironment plays a key role. Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have increasingly been shown to be a crucial element of heterogenous tumors. Although a relatively small component of the population, they increase the resistance to treatment and the likelihood of recurrence. In recent years, it has been shown, across multiple cancer types (e.g., colorectal, breast and prostate), that reciprocal communication between cancer and the microenvironment exists, which is, in part, facilitated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, the mechanisms of this method of communication and its influence on CSC populations is less well-understood. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to determine the evidence that supports the role of EVs in the manipulation of the tumor microenvironment to promote the survival of CSCs. Embase and PubMed were used to identify all studies on the topic, which were screened using PRISMA guidelines, resulting in the inclusion of 16 studies. These 16 studies reported on the EV content, pathways altered by EVs and therapeutic targeting of CSC through EV-mediated changes to the microenvironment. In conclusion, these studies demonstrated the role of EV-facilitated communication in maintaining CSCs via manipulation of the tumor microenvironment, demonstrating the potential of creating therapeutics to target CSCs. However, further works are needed to fully understand the targetable mechanisms upon which future therapeutics can be based.
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14
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Hosokawa H, Rothenberg EV. How transcription factors drive choice of the T cell fate. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:162-176. [PMID: 32918063 PMCID: PMC7933071 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-00426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has elucidated how multipotent blood progenitors transform their identities in the thymus and undergo commitment to become T cells. Together with environmental signals, a core group of transcription factors have essential roles in this process by directly activating and repressing specific genes. Many of these transcription factors also function in later T cell development, but control different genes. Here, we review how these transcription factors work to change the activities of specific genomic loci during early intrathymic development to establish T cell lineage identity. We introduce the key regulators and highlight newly emergent insights into the rules that govern their actions. Whole-genome deep sequencing-based analysis has revealed unexpectedly rich relationships between inherited epigenetic states, transcription factor-DNA binding affinity thresholds and influences of given transcription factors on the activities of other factors in the same cells. Together, these mechanisms determine T cell identity and make the lineage choice irreversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hosokawa
- Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ellen V Rothenberg
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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15
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Duckworth BC, Groom JR. Conversations that count: Cellular interactions that drive T cell fate. Immunol Rev 2021; 300:203-219. [PMID: 33586207 PMCID: PMC8048805 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the extrinsic environment and the internal transcriptional network is circular. Naive T cells first engage with antigen‐presenting cells to set transcriptional differentiation networks in motion. In turn, this regulates specific chemokine receptors that direct migration into distinct lymph node niches. Movement into these regions brings newly activated T cells into contact with accessory cells and cytokines that reinforce the differentiation programming to specify T cell function. We and others have observed similarities in the transcriptional networks that specify both CD4+ T follicular helper (TFH) cells and CD8+ central memory stem‐like (TSCM) cells. Here, we compare and contrast the current knowledge for these shared differentiation programs, compared to their effector counterparts, CD4+ T‐helper 1 (TH1) and CD8+ short‐lived effector (TSLEC) cells. Understanding the interplay between cellular interactions and transcriptional programming is essential to harness T cell differentiation that is fit for purpose; to stimulate potent T cell effector function for the elimination of chronic infection and cancer; or to amplify the formation of humoral immunity and longevity of cellular memory to prevent infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigette C Duckworth
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Joanna R Groom
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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16
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The E protein-TCF1 axis controls γδ T cell development and effector fate. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108716. [PMID: 33535043 PMCID: PMC7919611 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
TCF1 plays a critical role in T lineage commitment and the development of αβ lineage T cells, but its role in γδ T cell development remains poorly understood. Here, we reveal a regulatory axis where T cell receptor (TCR) signaling controls TCF1 expression through an E-protein-bound regulatory element in the Tcf7 locus, and this axis regulates both γδ T lineage commitment and effector fate. Indeed, the level of TCF1 expression plays an important role in setting the threshold for γδ T lineage commitment and modulates the ability of TCR signaling to influence effector fate adoption by γδ T lineage progenitors. This finding provides mechanistic insight into how TCR-mediated repression of E proteins promotes the development of γδ T cells and their adoption of the interleukin (IL)-17-producing effector fate. IL-17-producing γδ T cells have been implicated in cancer progression and in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis.
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17
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18
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Xie Y, Wang Y, Xiang W, Wang Q, Cao Y. Molecular Mechanisms of the Action of Myricetin in Cancer. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:123-133. [PMID: 31648635 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191018112756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural compounds, such as paclitaxel and camptothecin, have great effects on the treatment of tumors. Such natural chemicals often achieve anti-tumor effects through a variety of mechanisms. Therefore, it is of great significance to conduct further studies on the anticancer mechanism of natural anticancer agents to lay a solid foundation for the development of new drugs. Myricetin, originally isolated from Myrica nagi, is a natural pigment of flavonoids that can inhibit the growth of cancer cells (such as liver cancer, rectal cancer, skin cancer and lung cancer, etc.). It can regulate many intracellular activities (such as anti-inflammatory and blood lipids regulation) and can even be bacteriostatic. The purpose of this paper is to outline the molecular pathways of the anticancer effects of myricetin, including the effect on cancer cell death, proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis and cell signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Center Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College (University), Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Center Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College (University), Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Center Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College (University), Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiaoying Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanchong Center Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College (University), Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yajun Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Center Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College (University), Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
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19
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Whelan R, Hengartner A, Folzenlogen Z, Prince E, Hankinson TC. Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma in the molecular age and the potential of targeted therapies: a review. Childs Nerv Syst 2020; 36:1635-1642. [PMID: 32440897 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-020-04677-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (ACPs) are histologically benign brain tumors that often follow an aggressive clinical course. Arising in the sellar/suprasellar region, they grow in close proximity to critical neurological and vascular structures and can result in significant neuroendocrine morbidity. First-line treatment often involves surgical resection with or without radiotherapy and has been associated with significant morbidity and poor quality of life outcomes. As a result, the discovery of alternative effective and safe treatments is clearly desirable. In recent years, laboratory studies have harnessed sophisticated techniques to identify the upregulation of several markers that may represent potential therapeutic targets. These targets include IL-6, PD1/PD-L1, MEK, IDO-1, and others. Agents that target these pathways exist, and there is an opportunity to investigate their potential efficacy in the treatment of ACP. Trials investigating some of these agents as monotherapy and in combination for the treatment of pediatric ACP are underway or in development. If positive, these trials may result in a paradigm shift in treatment that will hopefully result in reduced morbidity and better outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ros Whelan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Astrid Hengartner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA.,Division of Pediatric neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Zach Folzenlogen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eric Prince
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA.,Division of Pediatric neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Program, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Todd C Hankinson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA.,Division of Pediatric neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Program, Aurora, CO, USA
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20
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Mesman S, Smidt MP. Acquisition of the Midbrain Dopaminergic Neuronal Identity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134638. [PMID: 32629812 PMCID: PMC7369932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mesodiencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) group of neurons comprises molecularly distinct subgroups, of which the substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) are the best known, due to the selective degeneration of the SN during Parkinson’s disease. However, although significant research has been conducted on the molecular build-up of these subsets, much is still unknown about how these subsets develop and which factors are involved in this process. In this review, we aim to describe the life of an mdDA neuron, from specification in the floor plate to differentiation into the different subsets. All mdDA neurons are born in the mesodiencephalic floor plate under the influence of both SHH-signaling, important for floor plate patterning, and WNT-signaling, involved in establishing the progenitor pool and the start of the specification of mdDA neurons. Furthermore, transcription factors, like Ngn2, Ascl1, Lmx1a, and En1, and epigenetic factors, like Ezh2, are important in the correct specification of dopamine (DA) progenitors. Later during development, mdDA neurons are further subdivided into different molecular subsets by, amongst others, Otx2, involved in the specification of subsets in the VTA, and En1, Pitx3, Lmx1a, and WNT-signaling, involved in the specification of subsets in the SN. Interestingly, factors involved in early specification in the floor plate can serve a dual function and can also be involved in subset specification. Besides the mdDA group of neurons, other systems in the embryo contain different subsets, like the immune system. Interestingly, many factors involved in the development of mdDA neurons are similarly involved in immune system development and vice versa. This indicates that similar mechanisms are used in the development of these systems, and that knowledge about the development of the immune system may hold clues for the factors involved in the development of mdDA neurons, which may be used in culture protocols for cell replacement therapies.
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21
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Muhammad F, Avalos PN, Mursalin MH, Ma JX, Callegan MC, Lee DJ. Kallistatin Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis by Inhibiting Activation of T Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:975. [PMID: 32508841 PMCID: PMC7253575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) is a mouse model of human autoimmune uveitis. EAU spontaneously resolves and is marked by ocular autoantigen-specific regulatory immunity in the spleen. Kallikrein binding protein (KBP) or kallistatin is a serine proteinase inhibitor that inhibits angiogenesis and inflammation, but its role in autoimmune uveitis has not been explored. We report that T cells activation is inhibited and EAU is attenuated in human KBP (HKBP) mice with no significant difference in the Treg population that we previously identified both before and after recovery from EAU. Moreover, following EAU immunization HKBP mice have potent ocular autoantigen specific regulatory immunity that is functionally suppressive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauziyya Muhammad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Priscilla N Avalos
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - M H Mursalin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Michelle C Callegan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Darren J Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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22
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Wang M, Zhang C. Low LEF1 expression is a biomarker of early T-cell precursor, an aggressive subtype of T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232520. [PMID: 32401815 PMCID: PMC7219738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Early T-cell precursor (ETP) is the only subtype of acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) listed in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia. Patients with ETP tend to have worse disease outcomes. ETP is defined by a series of immune markers. The diagnosis of ETP status can be vague due to the limitation of the current measurement. In this study, we performed unsupervised clustering and supervised prediction to investigate whether a molecular biomarker can be used to identify the ETP status in order to stratify risk groups. We found that the ETP status can be predicted by the expression level of Lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1) with high accuracy (AUC of ROC = 0.957 and 0.933 in two T-ALL cohorts). The patients with ETP subtype have a lower level of LEF1 comparing to the those without ETP. We suggest that incorporating the biomarker LEF1 with traditional immune-phenotyping will improve the diagnosis of ETP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Behrens A, Jousheghany F, Yao-Borengasser A, Siegel ER, Kieber-Emmons T, Monzavi-Karbassi B. Carbohydrate (Chondroitin 4) Sulfotransferase-11-Mediated Induction of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Generation of Cancer Stem Cells. Pharmacology 2020; 105:246-259. [PMID: 32344408 DOI: 10.1159/000506710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have previously shown that the expression of carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase-11 (CHST11) is elevated in human breast cancer tissues, and that its expression in human breast cancer cell lines is associated with aggressive behavior of cells. The clinical significance of CHST11 expression is unknown, and its function in breast cancer cells is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE The current study was performed to define the clinical significance of this gene and address its biological function in promoting the aggressive behavior of breast cancer cells. METHODS Publicly available datasets were analyzed to determine the correlation of CHST11 expression with breast cancer survival. MCF-7 cells were transfected with the human CHST11 gene, and MCF-7-CHST11 cells with stable expression of the gene were established. Morphology and metastatic capacity of transfected cells were monitored in vitro. E-cadherin and β-catenin expression was compared by immunofluorescence. The expression of genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and pluripotency was determined using real-time PCR. The Wnt inhibitor, Wnt-C59, was used to examine the involvement of Wnt in CHST11-mediated morphology. RESULTS The elevated expression of CHST11 in breast tumor specimens was significantly associated with poor survival among patients. MCF-7-CHST11 cells displayed morphological characteristics consistent with EMT, together with a significantly higher proliferation rate, enhanced migratory potential, and more robust anchorage-independent growth. MCF-7-CHST11 cells showed decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased accumulation of β-catenin, as assessed by immunofluorescence. Consistently, increased expression of CHST11 resulted in upregulation of key EMT and stem cell markers. Morphological transition in MCF-7-CHST11 cells was partially reversed by co-incubation with an inhibitor of the Wnt pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a role for CHST11 in induction of EMT and stem cell-like properties. Our data also associate the expression levels of CHST11 in breast tumor specimens with patients' survival. The results have a significant implication for CHST11 expression level as a novel molecular signature for predictive and prognostic purposes in breast cancer. Moreover, with a possible role in driving tumor cell aggressiveness, CHST11 expression might be further considered as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Behrens
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Fariba Jousheghany
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Aiwei Yao-Borengasser
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Eric R Siegel
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Thomas Kieber-Emmons
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Behjatolah Monzavi-Karbassi
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA, .,Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA,
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24
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Karnam A, Rambabu N, Das M, Bou-Jaoudeh M, Delignat S, Käsermann F, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Kaveri SV, Bayry J. Therapeutic normal IgG intravenous immunoglobulin activates Wnt-β-catenin pathway in dendritic cells. Commun Biol 2020; 3:96. [PMID: 32132640 PMCID: PMC7055225 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic normal IgG intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a well-established first-line immunotherapy for many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Though several mechanisms have been proposed for the anti-inflammatory actions of IVIG, associated signaling pathways are not well studied. As β-catenin, the central component of the canonical Wnt pathway, plays an important role in imparting tolerogenic properties to dendritic cells (DCs) and in reducing inflammation, we explored whether IVIG induces the β-catenin pathway to exert anti-inflammatory effects. We show that IVIG in an IgG-sialylation independent manner activates β-catenin in human DCs along with upregulation of Wnt5a secretion. Mechanistically, β-catenin activation by IVIG requires intact IgG and LRP5/6 co-receptors, but FcγRIIA and Syk are not implicated. Despite induction of β-catenin, this pathway is dispensable for anti-inflammatory actions of IVIG in vitro and for mediating the protection against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in vivo in mice, and reciprocal regulation of effector Th17/Th1 and regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Karnam
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médicine, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Naresh Rambabu
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médicine, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Mrinmoy Das
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médicine, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Melissa Bou-Jaoudeh
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médicine, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Delignat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médicine, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Fabian Käsermann
- CSL Behring, Research, CSL Biologics Research Center, 3014, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Lacroix-Desmazes
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médicine, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Srini V Kaveri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médicine, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médicine, F-75006, Paris, France.
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25
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Whelan R, Prince E, Gilani A, Hankinson T. The Inflammatory Milieu of Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma and Its Implications for Treatment. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020519. [PMID: 32075140 PMCID: PMC7074265 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngiomas (ACPs) are histologically benign brain tumors that often follow an aggressive clinical course. Their suprasellar location leaves them in close proximity to critical neurological and vascular structures and often results in significant neuroendocrine morbidity. Current treatment paradigms, involving surgical resection and radiotherapy, confer significant morbidity to patients and there is an obvious need to discover effective and safe alternative treatments. Recent years have witnessed significant efforts to fully detail the genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic make-up of these tumors, in an attempt to identify potential therapeutic targets. These studies have resulted in ever mounting evidence that inflammatory processes and the immune response play a critical role in the pathogenesis of both the solid and cystic portion of ACPs. Several inflammatory and immune markers have been identified in both the cyst fluid and solid tumor tissue of ACP. Due to the existence of effective agents that target them, IL-6 and immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to present the most likely immediate candidates for clinical trials of targeted immune-related therapy in ACP. If effective, such agents may result in a paradigm shift in treatment that ultimately reduces morbidity and results in better outcomes for our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ros Whelan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (E.P.); (T.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eric Prince
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (E.P.); (T.H.)
- Department of Pediatric neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Program, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ahmed Gilani
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Todd Hankinson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (E.P.); (T.H.)
- Department of Pediatric neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Program, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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26
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The Role Played by Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031098. [PMID: 32046053 PMCID: PMC7037748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive hematologic neoplastic disorder that arises from the clonal expansion of transformed T-cell or B-cell precursors. Thanks to progress in chemotherapy protocols, ALL outcome has significantly improved. However, drug-resistance remains an unresolved issue in the treatment of ALL and toxic effects limit dose escalation of current chemotherapeutics. Therefore, the identification of novel targeted therapies to support conventional chemotherapy is required. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a conserved signaling axis involved in several physiological processes such as development, differentiation, and adult tissue homeostasis. As a result, deregulation of this cascade is closely related to initiation and progression of various types of cancers, including hematological malignancies. In particular, deregulation of this signaling network is involved in the transformation of healthy HSCs in leukemic stem cells (LSCs), as well as cancer cell multi-drug-resistance. This review highlights the recent findings on the role of Wnt/β-catenin in hematopoietic malignancies and provides information on the current status of Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors with respect to their therapeutic potential in the treatment of ALL.
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Evangelisti C, Chiarini F, Cappellini A, Paganelli F, Fini M, Santi S, Martelli AM, Neri LM, Evangelisti C. Targeting Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5413-5428. [PMID: 31904116 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological disorder that results from the clonal transformation of T-cell precursors. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways play a crucial role in T-cell development and in self-renewal of healthy and leukemic stem cells. Notably, β-catenin is a transcriptional regulator of several genes involved in cancer cell proliferation and survival. In this way, aberrations of components belonging to the aforementioned networks contribute to T-ALL pathogenesis. For this reason, inhibition of both pathways could represent an innovative strategy in this hematological malignancy. Here, we show that combined targeting of Wnt/β-catenin pathway through ICG-001, a CBP/β-catenin transcription inhibitor, and of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis through ZSTK-474, a PI3K inhibitor, downregulated proliferation, survival, and clonogenic activity of T-ALL cells. ICG-001 and ZSTK-474 displayed cytotoxic effects, and, when combined together, induced a significant increase in apoptotic cells. This induction of apoptosis was associated with the downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. All these findings were confirmed under hypoxic conditions that mimic the bone marrow niche where leukemic stem cells are believed to reside. Taken together, our findings highlight potentially promising treatment consisting of cotargeting Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways in T-ALL settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Evangelisti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Chiarini
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cappellini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Paganelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Spartaco Santi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca M Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,LTTA-Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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28
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Zhang Y, Ye T, Gong S, Hong Z, Zhou X, Liu H, Qu H, Qian J. RNA-sequencing based bone marrow cell transcriptome analysis reveals the potential mechanisms of E'jiao against blood-deficiency in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109291. [PMID: 31401395 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As a health-care food and traditional Chinese medicine, E'jiao, from the skin of Equus animus L, has been used to nourish blood in China for more than 2000 years. In modern medicine, there are also evidences indicate it has a beneficial effect on chemotherapy-caused blood deficiency. However, its mechanism of action for blood invigoration remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the hematopoietic effect of E'jiao in 5-Fluorouracil-treated mice. In addition to the counting of bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNCs), flow cytometry was used to detect the population of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and colony-forming unit (CFU) was used to assay the differentiation ability of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Gene expression profiles of bone marrow cells were obtained from RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed with an emphasis on hematopoiesis-related pathways. The results show that E'jiao promotes the proliferation of both BMNCs and HSCs, as well as the differentiation of HPCs. By providing a hematopoiesis-related molecular regulatory network of E'jiao, we point out that the mechanism of E'jiao is associated with pathways including ECM-receptor interaction, Wnt signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway, Hematopoietic cell lineage and Osteoclast differentiation, in which Ibsp, Col1a1, Col1a2, Notum, Sost, Dkk1, Irx5, Irx3 and Dcn are the key regulatory molecules. These findings provide valuable molecular basis for the mechanism of action of E'jiao.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Tingting Ye
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuqing Gong
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuping Hong
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangshan Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Haibin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China.
| | - Haibin Qu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jing Qian
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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29
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Comparative DNA methylomic analyses reveal potential origins of novel epigenetic biomarkers of insulin resistance in monocytes from virally suppressed HIV-infected adults. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:95. [PMID: 31253200 PMCID: PMC6599380 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to healthy individuals, those with stably repressed HIV experience a higher risk of developing insulin resistance, a hallmark of pre-diabetes and a major determinant for cardiometabolic diseases. Although epigenetic processes, including in particular DNA methylation, appear to be dysregulated in individuals with insulin resistance, little is known about where these occur in the genomes of immune cells and the origins of these alterations in HIV-infected individuals. Here, we examined the genome-wide DNA methylation states of monocytes in HIV-infected individuals (n = 37) with varying levels of insulin sensitivity measured by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS By profiling DNA methylation at single-nucleotide resolution using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip in monocytes from insulin-resistant (IR; HOMA-IR ≥ 2.0; n = 14) and insulin-sensitive (IS; HOMA-IR < 2.0; n = 23) individuals, we identified 123 CpGs with significantly different DNA methylation levels. These CpGs were enriched at genes involved in pathways relating to glucose metabolism, immune activation, and insulin-relevant signaling, with the majority (86.2%) being hypomethylated in IR relative to IS individuals. Using a stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis, we observed 4 CpGs (cg27655935, cg02000426, cg10184328, and cg23085143) whose methylation levels independently predicted the insulin-resistant state at a higher confidence than that of clinical risk factors typically associated with insulin resistance (i.e., fasting glucose, 120-min oral glucose tolerance test, Framingham Risk Score, and Total to HDL cholesterol ratio). Interestingly, 79 of the 123 CpGs (64%) exhibited remarkably similar levels of methylation as that of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in monocytes from IR individuals, implicating epigenetic defects in myeloid differentiation as a possible origin for the methylation landscape underlying the insulin resistance phenotype. In support of this, gene ontology analysis of these 79 CpGs revealed overrepresentation of these CpGs at genes relevant to HSC function, including involvement in stem cell pluripotency, differentiation, and Wnt signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Altogether, our data suggests a possible role for DNA methylation in regulating monocyte activity that may associate with the insulin-resistant phenotype. The methylomic landscape of insulin resistance in monocytes could originate from epigenetic dysregulation during HSC differentiation through the myeloid lineage. Understanding the factors involved with changes in the myeloid trajectory may provide further insight into the development of insulin resistance. Furthermore, regulation of specific genes that were implicated in our analysis reveal possible targets for modulating immune activity to ameliorate insulin resistance.
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30
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Chandrasekaran B, Pal D, Kolluru V, Tyagi A, Baby B, Dahiya NR, Youssef K, Alatassi H, Ankem MK, Sharma AK, Damodaran C. The chemopreventive effect of withaferin A on spontaneous and inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis models. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:1537-1547. [PMID: 30124785 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemopreventive effects and associated mechanisms of withaferin A (WA) against intestinal and colon carcinogenesis remain unknown. We investigated the chemopreventive effect of WA on transgenic adenomatous polyposis coli (APCMin/+) mouse and chemically induced azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) models of intestinal and colon carcinogenesis. Oral WA administration (4 and 3 mg/kg) inhibited tumor initiation and progression of intestinal polyps formation in APCMin/+ mice and colon carcinogenesis in the AOM/DSS mouse model. WA-administered mice showed a significant reduction in both number [duodenum, 33% (P > 0.05); jejunum, 32% (P < 0.025); ileum, 43% ( P < 0.001); and colon 59% (P < 0.01] and size of polyps in APCMin/+ mice compared with the respective controls. Similarly, tumor multiplicity was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in the colon of WA-administered AOM/DSS mice. Pathological analysis showed reduced adenomas and tissue inflammation in WA-administered mouse models. Molecular studies suggested that WA inhibited the expression of inflammatory (interluekin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cyclooxygenase-2), pro-survival (pAKT, Notch1 and NF-κB) markers in APCMin/+ and AOM/DSS models. The results suggest that WA is a potent agent for preventing colon carcinogenesis and further investigation is required to show clinical utility of the agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deeksha Pal
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Venkatesh Kolluru
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ashish Tyagi
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Becca Baby
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Nisha R Dahiya
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Khafateh Youssef
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Houda Alatassi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Murali K Ankem
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chendil Damodaran
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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31
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Xing S, Gai K, Li X, Shao P, Zeng Z, Zhao X, Zhao X, Chen X, Paradee WJ, Meyerholz DK, Peng W, Xue HH. Tcf1 and Lef1 are required for the immunosuppressive function of regulatory T cells. J Exp Med 2019; 216:847-866. [PMID: 30837262 PMCID: PMC6446865 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20182010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tcf1 and Lef1 are underexpressed in T reg cells compared with conventional CD4+ T cells. Xing et al. demonstrate that genetic ablation of both factors impairs immunosuppressive function of T reg cells and leads to spontaneous multi-organ autoimmunity. Tcf1 and Lef1 have versatile functions in regulating T cell development and differentiation, but intrinsic requirements for these factors in regulatory T (T reg) cells remain to be unequivocally defined. Specific ablation of Tcf1 and Lef1 in T reg cells resulted in spontaneous multi-organ autoimmunity that became more evident with age. Tcf1/Lef1-deficient T regs showed reduced protection against experimentally induced colitis, indicative of diminished immuno-suppressive capacity. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Tcf1 and Lef1 were responsible for positive regulation of a subset of T reg–overrepresented signature genes such as Ikzf4 and Izumo1r. Unexpectedly, Tcf1 and Lef1 were necessary for restraining expression of cytotoxic CD8+ effector T cell–associated genes in T reg cells, including Prdm1 and Ifng. Tcf1 ChIP-seq revealed substantial overlap between Tcf1 and Foxp3 binding peaks in the T reg cell genome, with Tcf1-Foxp3 cooccupancy observed at key T reg signature and cytotoxic effector genes. Our data collectively indicate that Tcf1 and Lef1 are critical for sustaining T reg suppressive functions and preventing loss of self-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Xing
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kexin Gai
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington DC
| | - Peng Shao
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Zhouhao Zeng
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington DC
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Xia Chen
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Weiqun Peng
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington DC
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA .,Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA
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32
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Cheema AK, Byrum SD, Sharma NK, Altadill T, Kumar VP, Biswas S, Balgley BM, Hauer-Jensen M, Tackett AJ, Ghosh SP. Proteomic Changes in Mouse Spleen after Radiation-Induced Injury and its Modulation by Gamma-Tocotrienol. Radiat Res 2018; 190:449-463. [PMID: 30070965 PMCID: PMC6297072 DOI: 10.1667/rr15008.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-tocotrienol (GT3), a naturally occurring vitamin E isomer, a promising radioprotector, has been shown to protect mice against radiation-induced hematopoietic and gastrointestinal injuries. We analyzed changes in protein expression profiles of spleen tissue after GT3 treatment in mice exposed to gamma radiation to gain insights into the molecular mechanism of radioprotective efficacy. Male CD2F1 mice, 12-to-14 weeks old, were treated with either vehicle or GT3 at 24 h prior to 7 Gy total-body irradiation. Nonirradiated vehicle, nonirradiated GT3 and age-matched naïve animals were used as controls. Blood and tissues were harvested on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 10 and 14 postirradiation. High-resolution mass-spectrometry-based radioproteomics was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in spleen tissue with or without drug treatment. Subsequent bioinformatic analyses helped delineate molecular markers of biological pathways and networks regulating the cellular radiation responses in spleen. Our results show a robust alteration in spleen proteomic profiles including upregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway and actin-cytoskeleton linked proteins in mediating the radiation injury response in spleen. Furthermore, we show that 24 h pretreatment with GT3 attenuates radiation-induced hematopoietic injury in the spleen by modulating various cell signaling proteins. Taken together, our results show that the radioprotective effects of GT3 are mediated, via alleviation of radiation-induced alterations in biochemical pathways, with wide implications on overall hematopoietic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita K. Cheema
- Departments of Oncology, Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Stephanie D. Byrum
- Division of Radiation Health, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Neel Kamal Sharma
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tatiana Altadill
- Departments of Oncology, Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
- Institut d’Investigacio Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Gynecological Department, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vidya P. Kumar
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shukla Biswas
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- Division of Radiation Health, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Alan J. Tackett
- Division of Radiation Health, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sanchita P. Ghosh
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland
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Otoukesh B, Boddouhi B, Moghtadaei M, Kaghazian P, Kaghazian M. Novel molecular insights and new therapeutic strategies in osteosarcoma. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:158. [PMID: 30349420 PMCID: PMC6192346 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most prevalent malignant cancers with lower survival and poor overall prognosis mainly in children and adolescents. Identifying the molecular mechanisms and OS stem cells (OSCs) as new concepts involved in disease pathogenesis and progression may potentially lead to new therapeutic targets. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of OSCs can be one of the most important and effective strategies for the treatment of OS. This review describes the new molecular targets of OS as well as novel therapeutic approaches in the design of future investigations and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Otoukesh
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1445613131 Iran
| | - Bahram Boddouhi
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1445613131 Iran
| | - Mehdi Moghtadaei
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1445613131 Iran
| | - Peyman Kaghazian
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Kaghazian
- Department of Biology, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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34
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Xing S, Shao P, Li F, Zhao X, Seo W, Wheat JC, Ramasamy S, Wang J, Li X, Peng W, Yu S, Liu C, Taniuchi I, Sweetser DA, Xue HH. Tle corepressors are differentially partitioned to instruct CD8 + T cell lineage choice and identity. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2211-2226. [PMID: 30045946 PMCID: PMC6080905 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Xing et al demonstrate the requirements for Tle transcriptional corepressors in CD8+ T cell development. Tle proteins are differentially partitioned to the Runx and Tcf/Lef complexes to promote CD8+ lineage choice and establish CD8+ T cell identity, respectively. Tle/Groucho proteins are transcriptional corepressors interacting with Tcf/Lef and Runx transcription factors, but their physiological roles in T cell development remain unknown. Conditional targeting of Tle1, Tle3 and Tle4 revealed gene dose–dependent requirements for Tle proteins in CD8+ lineage cells. Upon ablating all three Tle proteins, generation of CD8+ T cells was greatly diminished, largely owing to redirection of MHC-I–selected thymocytes to CD4+ lineage; the remaining CD8-positive T cells showed aberrant up-regulation of CD4+ lineage-associated genes including Cd4, Thpok, St8sia6, and Foxp3. Mechanistically, Tle3 bound to Runx-occupied Thpok silencer, in post-selection double-positive thymocytes to prevent excessive ThPOK induction and in mature CD8+ T cells to silence Thpok expression. Tle3 also bound to Tcf1-occupied sites in a few CD4+ lineage-associated genes, including Cd4 silencer and St8sia6 introns, to repress their expression in mature CD8+ T cells. These findings indicate that Tle corepressors are differentially partitioned to Runx and Tcf/Lef complexes to instruct CD8+ lineage choice and cooperatively establish CD8+ T cell identity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Xing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Peng Shao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Fengyin Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Wooseok Seo
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Justin C Wheat
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Medical Genetics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Genetics Research and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Selvi Ramasamy
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Medical Genetics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Genetics Research and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Medical Genetics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Genetics Research and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Weiqun Peng
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Shuyang Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - David A Sweetser
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Medical Genetics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Genetics Research and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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35
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Connor KM, Hsu Y, Aggarwal PK, Capone S, Colombo AR, Ramsingh G. Understanding metabolic changes in aging bone marrow. Exp Hematol Oncol 2018; 7:13. [PMID: 29796337 PMCID: PMC5966925 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-018-0105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is associated with complex molecular alterations at the cellular level. Bone marrow exhibits distinct phenotypic, genetic and epigenetic alterations with aging. Metabolic changes in the bone marrow related to aging have not been studied. Methods In this study, we characterized the metabolome and transcriptome of aging murine bone marrow and compared it with bone marrow from young healthy mice and chemotherapy treated mice; chemotherapy treatment is known to induce age-related changes in hematopoiesis. Results The metabolome of the aging bone marrow exhibited a signature of suppressed fatty-acid oxidation: accumulation of free fatty acids, reduced acyl-carnitines and low β-hydroxy butyric acid. The aged bone marrow also exhibited a significant reduction in amino acid and nucleic acid pool. The transcriptome of the aging bone marrow revealed a signature of oxidative stress, known to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Lastly, the metabolic and transcriptomic profiles of the bone marrow of chemotherapy treated mice did not show broad age-related changes but rather mostly resembled young healthy mice, suggestive of a lack of ‘metabolic aging’ with chemotherapy exposure. Conclusion Our results revealed broad changes in lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides in aging marrow tissue. Together, these data provide a rich resource for the study of metabolic changes associated with aging in bone marrow. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40164-018-0105-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwasi M Connor
- 1Jane Anne Nohl Division of Hematology and Center for the Study of Blood Diseases, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 441 Eastlake Ave, MC 9172, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA.,2Department of Biology, California Lutheran University, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA
| | - Young Hsu
- 1Jane Anne Nohl Division of Hematology and Center for the Study of Blood Diseases, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 441 Eastlake Ave, MC 9172, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Pardeep Kumar Aggarwal
- 1Jane Anne Nohl Division of Hematology and Center for the Study of Blood Diseases, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 441 Eastlake Ave, MC 9172, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Stephen Capone
- 1Jane Anne Nohl Division of Hematology and Center for the Study of Blood Diseases, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 441 Eastlake Ave, MC 9172, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Anthony R Colombo
- 1Jane Anne Nohl Division of Hematology and Center for the Study of Blood Diseases, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 441 Eastlake Ave, MC 9172, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Giridharan Ramsingh
- 1Jane Anne Nohl Division of Hematology and Center for the Study of Blood Diseases, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 441 Eastlake Ave, MC 9172, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
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36
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Krishnamurthy N, Kurzrock R. Targeting the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in cancer: Update on effectors and inhibitors. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 62:50-60. [PMID: 29169144 PMCID: PMC5745276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 682] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is a family of proteins that is implicated in many vital cellular functions such as stem cell regeneration and organogenesis. Several intra-cellular signal transduction pathways are induced by Wnt, notably the Wnt/beta-catenin dependent pathway or canonical pathway and the non-canonical or beta-catenin-independent pathway; the latter includes the Wnt/Ca2+ and Planar Cell Polarity pathway (PCP). Wnt activation occurs at the intestinal crypt floor, and is critical to optimal maintenance of stem cells. Colorectal cancers show evidence of Wnt signaling pathway activation and this is associated with loss of function of the tumor regulator APC. Wnt activation has been observed in breast, lung, and hematopoietic malignancies and contributes to tumor recurrence. The Wnt pathway cross talks with the Notch and Sonic Hedgehog pathways, which has implications for therapeutic interventions in cancers. There are significant challenges in targeting the Wnt pathway, including finding agents that are efficacious without damaging the system of normal somatic stem cell function in cellular repair and tissue homeostasis. Here, we comprehensively review the Wnt pathway and its interactions with the Notch and Sonic Hedgehog pathways. We present the state of the field in effectors and inhibitors of Wnt signaling, including updates on clinical trials in various cancers with inhibitors of Wnt, Notch, and Sonic Hedgehog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Krishnamurthy
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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37
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Generation of an osteoblast-based artificial niche that supports in vitro B lymphopoiesis. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e400. [PMID: 29170473 PMCID: PMC5704192 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes are produced from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) through the highly ordered process of B lymphopoiesis, which is regulated by a complex network of cytokines, chemokines and cell adhesion molecules derived from the hematopoietic niche. Primary osteoblasts function as an osteoblastic niche (OBN) that supports in vitro B lymphopoiesis. However, there are significant limitations to the use of primary osteoblasts, including their relative scarcity and the consistency and efficiency of the limited purification and proliferation of these cells. Thus, development of a stable osteoblast cell line that can function as a biomimetic or artificial OBN is necessary. In this study, we developed a stable osteoblastic cell line, designated OBN4, which functions as an osteoblast-based artificial niche that supports in vitro B lymphopoiesis. We demonstrated that the production of a B220+ cell population from Lineage− (Lin−) Sca-1+ c-Kit+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) was increased ~1.7-fold by OBN4 cells relative to production by primary osteoblasts and OP9 cells in coculture experiments. Consistently, OBN4 cells exhibited the highest production of B220+ IgM+ cell populations (6.7±0.6–13.6±0.6%) in an IL-7- and stromal cell-derived factor 1-dependent manner, with higher production than primary osteoblasts (3.7±0.5–6.4±0.6%) and OP9 cells (1.8±0.6–3.9±0.5%). In addition, the production of B220+ IgM+ IgD+ cell populations was significantly enhanced by OBN4 cells (15.4±1.1–18.9±3.2%) relative to production by primary osteoblasts (9.5±0.6–14.6±1.6%) and OP9 cells (9.1±0.5–10.3±1.8%). We conclude that OBN4 cells support in vitro B lymphopoiesis of Lin− Sca-1+ c-Kit+ HSPCs more efficiently than primary osteoblasts or OP9 stromal cells.
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38
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Zhang MJ, Su H, Yan JY, Li N, Song ZY, Wang HJ, Huo LG, Wang F, Ji WS, Qu XJ, Qu MH. Chemopreventive effect of Myricetin, a natural occurring compound, on colonic chronic inflammation and inflammation-driven tumorigenesis in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:1131-1137. [PMID: 29136951 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myricetin is a flavonoids compound extracted from edible myrica rubra. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Myricetin on colonic chronic inflammation and inflammation-driven tumorigenesis in mice. Myricetin was administrated by gavage for 4 consecutive weeks. Mice were sacrificed and the number of colonic polyps was counted. Myricetin significantly inhibited AOM/DSS-induced colitis and colorectal tumorigenesis. Myricetin prevented the incidence of colorectal tumorigenesis and reduced the size of colorectal polyps. Histopathologic analysis showed that Myricetin could attenuate the degree of colonic inflammation and colorectal tumorigenesis. Further analysis showed that Myricetin strongly reduced the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), PCNA and Cyclin D1 in the colonic tissues as analyzed by the assays of immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting and Q-RT-PCR. Our results demonstrated that Myricetin possesses the biological activities of chemoprevention colonic chronic inflammation and inflammation-driven tumorigenesis. We suggest that Myricetin could be developed as a promising chemopreventive drug for reducing the risk of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Jia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology in Universities of Shandong, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Han Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology in Universities of Shandong, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Jing-Yue Yan
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology in Universities of Shandong, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Huai-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology in Universities of Shandong, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Lian-Guang Huo
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology in Universities of Shandong, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wan-Sheng Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology in Universities of Shandong, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Xian-Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology in Universities of Shandong, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Mei-Hua Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology in Universities of Shandong, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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Gullicksrud JA, Li F, Xing S, Zeng Z, Peng W, Badovinac VP, Harty JT, Xue HH. Differential Requirements for Tcf1 Long Isoforms in CD8 + and CD4 + T Cell Responses to Acute Viral Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:911-919. [PMID: 28652395 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In response to acute viral infection, activated naive T cells give rise to effector T cells that clear the pathogen and memory T cells that persist long-term and provide heightened protection. T cell factor 1 (Tcf1) is essential for several of these differentiation processes. Tcf1 is expressed in multiple isoforms, with all isoforms sharing the same HDAC and DNA-binding domains and the long isoforms containing a unique N-terminal β-catenin-interacting domain. In this study, we specifically ablated Tcf1 long isoforms in mice, while retaining expression of Tcf1 short isoforms. During CD8+ T cell responses, Tcf1 long isoforms were dispensable for generating cytotoxic CD8+ effector T cells and maintaining memory CD8+ T cell pool size, but they contributed to optimal maturation of central memory CD8+ T cells and their optimal secondary expansion in a recall response. In contrast, Tcf1 long isoforms were required for differentiation of T follicular helper (TFH) cells, but not TH1 effectors, elicited by viral infection. Although Tcf1 short isoforms adequately supported Bcl6 and ICOS expression in TFH cells, Tcf1 long isoforms remained important for suppressing the expression of Blimp1 and TH1-associated genes and for positively regulating Id3 to restrain germinal center TFH cell differentiation. Furthermore, formation of memory TH1 and memory TFH cells strongly depended on Tcf1 long isoforms. These data reveal that Tcf1 long and short isoforms have distinct, yet complementary, functions and may represent an evolutionarily conserved means to ensure proper programming of CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi A Gullicksrud
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Interdisciplinary Immunology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Fengyin Li
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Shaojun Xing
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Zhouhao Zeng
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052; and
| | - Weiqun Peng
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052; and
| | - Vladimir P Badovinac
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Interdisciplinary Immunology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - John T Harty
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Interdisciplinary Immunology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242; .,Interdisciplinary Immunology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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40
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Xu Z, Xing S, Shan Q, Gullicksrud JA, Bair TB, Du Y, Liu C, Xue HH. Cutting Edge: β-Catenin-Interacting Tcf1 Isoforms Are Essential for Thymocyte Survival but Dispensable for Thymic Maturation Transitions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3404-3409. [PMID: 28348272 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
T cell factor 1 (Tcf1) is essential for T cell development; however, it remains controversial whether β-catenin, a known coactivator of Tcf1, has a role. Tcf1 is expressed in multiple isoforms in T lineage cells, with the long isoforms interacting with β-catenin through an N-terminal domain. In this study, we specifically ablated Tcf1 long isoforms in mice (p45-/-mice) to abrogate β-catenin interaction. Although thymic cellularity was diminished in p45-/- mice, transition of thymocytes through the maturation stages was unaffected, with no overt signs of developmental blocks. p45-/- thymocytes showed increased apoptosis and alterations in transcriptome, but these changes were substantially more modest than in thymocytes lacking all Tcf1 isoforms. These data indicate that Tcf1-β-catenin interaction is necessary for promoting thymocyte survival to maintain thymic output. Rather than being dominant-negative regulators, Tcf1 short isoforms are adequate in supporting developing thymocytes to traverse through maturation steps and in regulating the expression of most Tcf1 target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Shaojun Xing
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Qiang Shan
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Jodi A Gullicksrud
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Interdisciplinary Immunology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Thomas B Bair
- Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242; and
| | - Yubin Du
- Transgenic Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242; .,Interdisciplinary Immunology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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41
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The development of T cells from stem cells in mice and humans. Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO186. [PMID: 28883990 PMCID: PMC5583695 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2016-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells develop from hematopoietic stem cells in the specialized microenvironment of the thymus. The main transcriptional players of T-cell differentiation such as Notch, Tcf-1, Gata3 and Bcl11b have been identified, but their role and regulation are not yet completely understood. In humans, functional experiments on T-cell development have traditionally been rather difficult to perform, but novel in vitro culture systems and in vivo xenograft models have allowed detailed studies on human T-cell development. Recent work has allowed the use of human severe combined immunodeficiency stem cells to unravel developmental checkpoints for human thymocyte development.
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42
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Transgenic expression of a canonical Wnt inhibitor, kallistatin, is associated with decreased circulating CD19 + B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. Int J Hematol 2017; 105:748-757. [PMID: 28299632 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-017-2205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Members of the family of serine proteinase inhibitors, such as kallistatin, have been shown to inhibit canonical Wnt-TCF/LEF-β-catenin signaling via their interactions with the Wnt co-receptor LRP6. Yet the effects of transgenic overexpression of anti-Wnt serpins on hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis are not well known. We studied the effects of human kallistatin (SERPINA4) on Wnt reporter activity in various cell types throughout the hematopoietic system and associated impacts on circulating white blood cell profiles. Transgenic overexpression of kallistatin suppressed Wnt-TCF/LEF-β-catenin signaling in bone marrow, as demonstrated using a Wnt reporter mouse. Further, kallistatin overexpression and treatment were associated with reduced Wnt-TCF/LEF-β-catenin activity in CD34+ c-kit+ bone marrow cells and CD19+ B lymphocytes, with reduced levels of these populations in bone marrow and peripheral circulation, respectively. The presence of CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, and CD3- NK1.1+ T lymphocytes were not significantly affected. Our data suggest that overexpression of kallistatin interferes with lymphopoiesis, ultimately impacting the level of circulating CD19+ B lymphocytes.
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43
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Lyu X, Li J, Yun X, Huang R, Deng X, Wang Y, Chen Y, Xiao G. miR-181a-5p, an inducer of Wnt-signaling, facilitates cell proliferation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1469-1476. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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44
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Vathipadiekal V, Farrell JJ, Wang S, Edward HL, Shappell H, Al-Rubaish A, Al-Muhanna F, Naserullah Z, Alsuliman A, Qutub HO, Simkin I, Farrer LA, Jiang Z, Luo HY, Huang S, Mostoslavsky G, Murphy GJ, Patra PK, Chui DH, Alsultan A, Al-Ali AK, Sebastiani P, Steinberg MH. A candidate transacting modulator of fetal hemoglobin gene expression in the Arab-Indian haplotype of sickle cell anemia. Am J Hematol 2016; 91:1118-1122. [PMID: 27501013 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels are higher in the Arab-Indian (AI) β-globin gene haplotype of sickle cell anemia compared with African-origin haplotypes. To study genetic elements that effect HbF expression in the AI haplotype we completed whole genome sequencing in 14 Saudi AI haplotype sickle hemoglobin homozygotes-seven selected for low HbF (8.2% ± 1.3%) and seven selected for high HbF (23.5% ± 2.6%). An intronic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in ANTXR1, an anthrax toxin receptor (chromosome 2p13), was associated with HbF. These results were replicated in two independent Saudi AI haplotype cohorts of 120 and 139 patients, but not in 76 Saudi Benin haplotype, 894 African origin haplotype and 44 AI haplotype patients of Indian origin, suggesting that this association is effective only in the Saudi AI haplotype background. ANTXR1 variants explained 10% of the HbF variability compared with 8% for BCL11A. These two genes had independent, additive effects on HbF and together explained about 15% of HbF variability in Saudi AI sickle cell anemia patients. ANTXR1 was expressed at mRNA and protein levels in erythroid progenitors derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and CD34+ cells. As CD34+ cells matured and their HbF decreased ANTXR1 expression increased; as iPSCs differentiated and their HbF increased, ANTXR1 expression decreased. Along with elements in cis to the HbF genes, ANTXR1 contributes to the variation in HbF in Saudi AI haplotype sickle cell anemia and is the first gene in trans to HBB that is associated with HbF only in carriers of the Saudi AI haplotype. Am. J. Hematol. 91:1118-1122, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Vathipadiekal
- Department of Medicine; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston Massachusetts
| | - John J. Farrell
- Department of Medicine; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics; Boston University School of Public Health; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Heather L. Edward
- Department of Medicine; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Heather Shappell
- Department of Biostatistics; Boston University School of Public Health; Boston Massachusetts
| | - A.M. Al-Rubaish
- Department of Internal Medicine; College of Medicine, University of Dammam; Dammam Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Muhanna
- Department of Internal Medicine; College of Medicine, University of Dammam; Dammam Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Z. Naserullah
- Al-Omran Scientific Chair for Hematological Diseases; King Faisal University; Al-Ahsa Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatrics; Maternity and Child Hospital; Dammam Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Alsuliman
- Alomran Scientific Chair; King Faisal University, King Fahd Hospital; Hafof Al-Ahsa Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem Othman Qutub
- Alomran Scientific Chair; King Faisal University; Al-Ahsa Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Irene Simkin
- Department of Medicine; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Department of Medicine; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Department of Medicine; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Hong-Yuan Luo
- Department of Medicine; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Shengwen Huang
- Department of Medicine; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Gustavo Mostoslavsky
- Department of Medicine; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston Massachusetts
| | - George J. Murphy
- Department of Medicine; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Pradeep K. Patra
- Department of Biochemistry; Pt. J. N. M. Medical College; Raipur Chattisgarh India
| | - David H.K. Chui
- Department of Medicine; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Abdulrahman Alsultan
- Sickle Cell Disease Research Center and Department of Pediatrics; College of Medicine, King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Amein K. Al-Ali
- Center for Research and Medical Consultation; University of Dammam; Dammam Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Department of Biostatistics; Boston University School of Public Health; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Martin H. Steinberg
- Department of Medicine; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston Massachusetts
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45
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Suryawanshi A, Tadagavadi RK, Swafford D, Manicassamy S. Modulation of Inflammatory Responses by Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Dendritic Cells: A Novel Immunotherapy Target for Autoimmunity and Cancer. Front Immunol 2016; 7:460. [PMID: 27833613 PMCID: PMC5081350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway critical for several biological processes. An aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling is linked to several human diseases. Emerging studies have highlighted the regulatory role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in normal physiological processes of parenchymal and hematopoietic cells. Recent studies have shown that the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in mucosal tolerance and suppression of chronic autoimmune pathologies. Alternatively, tumors activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway in DCs to induce immune tolerance and thereby evade antitumor immunity through suppression of effector T cell responses and promotion of regulatory T cell responses. Here, we review our work and current understanding of how Wnt/β-catenin signaling in DCs shapes the immune response in cancer and autoimmunity and discuss how Wnt/β-catenin pathway can be targeted for successful therapeutic interventions in various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Suryawanshi
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation, and Tolerance Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Daniel Swafford
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation, and Tolerance Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Santhakumar Manicassamy
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation, and Tolerance Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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46
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Aberrant Wnt Signaling in Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8090078. [PMID: 27571104 PMCID: PMC5040980 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8090078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is essential in the development and homeostasis of blood and immune cells, but its exact role is still controversial and is the subject of intense research. The malignant counterpart of normal hematopoietic cells, leukemic (stem) cells, have hijacked the Wnt pathway for their self-renewal and proliferation. Here we review the multiple ways dysregulated Wnt signaling can contribute to leukemogenesis, both cell autonomously as well as by changes in the microenvironment.
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47
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Koushyar S, Grant GH, Uysal-Onganer P. The interaction of Wnt-11 and signalling cascades in prostate cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13049-13057. [PMID: 27514543 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Koushyar
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Guy H Grant
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Park Square, Luton, LU1 3JU, UK
| | - Pinar Uysal-Onganer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
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48
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Staal FJT, Chhatta A, Mikkers H. Caught in a Wnt storm: Complexities of Wnt signaling in hematopoiesis. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:451-7. [PMID: 27016274 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is an evolutionary conserved pathway that is involved in the development of almost every organ system in the body and provides self-renewal signals for most, if not all, adult stem cell systems. In recent years, this pathway has been studied by various research groups working on hematopoietic stem cells, resulting in contradicting conclusions. Here, we discuss and interpret the results of these studies and propose that Wnt dosage, the source of hematopoietic stem cells, and interactions with other pathways explain these disparate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J T Staal
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Amiet Chhatta
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Harald Mikkers
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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49
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Rothenberg EV, Ungerbäck J, Champhekar A. Forging T-Lymphocyte Identity: Intersecting Networks of Transcriptional Control. Adv Immunol 2015; 129:109-74. [PMID: 26791859 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T-lymphocyte development branches off from other lymphoid developmental programs through its requirement for sustained environmental signals through the Notch pathway. In the thymus, Notch signaling induces a succession of T-lineage regulatory factors that collectively create the T-cell identity through distinct steps. This process involves both the staged activation of T-cell identity genes and the staged repression of progenitor-cell-inherited regulatory genes once their roles in self-renewal and population expansion are no longer needed. With the recent characterization of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that share transcriptional regulation programs extensively with T-cell subsets, T-cell identity can increasingly be seen as defined in modular terms, as the processes selecting and actuating effector function are potentially detachable from the processes generating and selecting clonally unique T-cell receptor structures. The developmental pathways of different classes of T cells and ILCs are distinguished by the numbers of prerequisites of gene rearrangement, selection, and antigen contact before the cells gain access to nearly common regulatory mechanisms for choosing effector function. Here, the major classes of transcription factors that interact with Notch signals during T-lineage specification are discussed in terms of their roles in these programs, the evidence for their spectra of target genes at different stages, and their cross-regulatory and cooperative actions with each other. Specific topics include Notch modulation of PU.1 and GATA-3, PU.1-Notch competition, the relationship between PU.1 and GATA-3, and the roles of E proteins, Bcl11b, and GATA-3 in guiding acquisition of T-cell identity while avoiding redirection to an ILC fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen V Rothenberg
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.
| | - Jonas Ungerbäck
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Experimental Hematopoiesis Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ameya Champhekar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Berga-Bolaños R, Sharma A, Steinke FC, Pyaram K, Kim YH, Sultana DA, Fang JX, Chang CH, Xue HH, Heller NM, Sen JM. β-Catenin is required for the differentiation of iNKT2 and iNKT17 cells that augment IL-25-dependent lung inflammation. BMC Immunol 2015; 16:62. [PMID: 26482437 PMCID: PMC4615569 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-015-0121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells have been implicated in lung inflammation in humans and also shown to be a key cell type in inducing allergic lung inflammation in mouse models. iNKT cells differentiate and acquire functional characteristics during development in the thymus. However, the correlation between development of iNKT cells in the thymus and role in lung inflammation remains unknown. In addition, transcriptional control of differentiation of iNKT cells into iNKT cell effector subsets in the thymus during development is also unclear. In this report we show that β-catenin dependent mechanisms direct differentiation of iNKT2 and iNKT17 subsets but not iNKT1 cells. Methods To study the role for β-catenin in lung inflammation we utilize mice with conditional deletion and enforced expression of β-catenin in a well-established mouse model for IL-25-dependen lung inflammation. Results Specifically, we demonstrate that conditional deletion of β-catenin permitted development of mature iNKT1 cells while impeding maturation of iNKT2 and 17 cells. A role for β-catenin expression in promoting iNKT2 and iNKT17 subsets was confirmed when we noted that enforced transgenic expression of β-catenin in iNKT cell precursors enhanced the frequency and number of iNKT2 and iNKT17 cells at the cost of iNKT1 cells. This effect of expression of β-catenin in iNKT cell precursors was cell autonomous. Furthermore, iNKT2 cells acquired greater capability to produce type-2 cytokines when β-catenin expression was enhanced. Discussion This report shows that β-catenin deficiency resulted in a profound decrease in iNKT2 and iNKT17 subsets of iNKT cells whereas iNKT1 cells developed normally. By contrast, enforced expression of β-catenin promoted the development of iNKT2 and iNKT17 cells. It was important to note that the majority of iNKT cells in the thymus of C57BL/6 mice were iNKT1 cells and enforced expression of β-catenin altered the pattern to iNKT2 and iNKT17 cells suggesting that β-catenin may be a major factor in the distinct pathways that critically direct differentiation of iNKT effector subsets. Conclusions Thus, we demonstrate that β-catenin expression in iNKT cell precursors promotes differentiation toward iNKT2 and iNKT17 effector subsets and supports enhanced capacity to produce type 2 and 17 cytokines which in turn augment lung inflammation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Berga-Bolaños
- Immune Cells and Inflammation Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Archna Sharma
- Immune Cells and Inflammation Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.,Present addresses: Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Farrah C Steinke
- Department of Microbiology, Interdisciplinary Immunology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Kalyani Pyaram
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yeung-Hyen Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Dil A Sultana
- Immune Cells and Inflammation Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.,Present addresses: Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Jessie X Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Cheong-Hee Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- Department of Microbiology, Interdisciplinary Immunology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Nicola M Heller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Jyoti Misra Sen
- Immune Cells and Inflammation Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA. .,Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. .,National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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