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Funjika E, Colombo SAP, Hayes KS, Tozer MJ, Tyrrell KA, Cai S, Faniyi AA, Shears RK, Dooley M, Alshammari Y, Alhazmi W, Assas M, Almilaibary A, Jackson-Jones LH, Thornton DJ, Worthington JJ, Grencis RK. High-fat diet-induced resistance to helminth infection via alternative induction of type 2 immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:27-38. [PMID: 36690078 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematode infections cause morbidity and socioeconomic loss in the most deprived communities. The shift in the context of obesity has led to spatial overlap with endemic gastrointestinal nematode regions resulting in the emergence of a novel comorbidity. Despite this, the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on immune-regulated protection against gastrointestinal infections remains largely unknown. We employed the murine model of nematode infection, Trichuris muris, to investigate the effect of an HFD on the immune response against chronic infection. Surprisingly, diet-induced obesity drove parasite expulsion in both single and repeated trickle low doses of T. muris eggs. Mechanistically, an HFD increased the expression of the ST2 receptor on CD4+ T cells, priming an enhanced type 2 helper T (Th2) cell cytokine production following interleukin (IL)-33 stimulation ex vivo. Despite IL-33-/- mice demonstrating that IL-33 is not critical for host protective immunity to T. muris under a conventional diet, HFD-fed T-cell deplete mice adoptively transferred with ST2-/- CD4 T cells were unable to expel a T. muris infection unlike those transferred with ST2-sufficient cells. Collectively, this study demonstrates that an HFD primes CD4+ T cells to utilize the IL-33-ST2 axis in a novel induction of type 2 immunity, providing insights into the emerging comorbidities of obesity and nematode infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Funjika
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Stefano A P Colombo
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kelly S Hayes
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mary J Tozer
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - Katrina A Tyrrell
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - Shanshan Cai
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - Aduragbemi A Faniyi
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - Rebecca K Shears
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Megan Dooley
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - Yasmine Alshammari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Wafaa Alhazmi
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical laboratory technology, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushref Assas
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical laboratory technology, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Lucy H Jackson-Jones
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - David J Thornton
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - John J Worthington
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK.
| | - Richard K Grencis
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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2
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Pinteaux E, Abdulaal WH, Mufazalov IA, Humphreys NE, Simonsen-Jackson M, Francis S, Müller W, Waisman A. Cell-specific conditional deletion of interleukin-1 (IL-1) ligands and its receptors: a new toolbox to study the role of IL-1 in health and disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:923-930. [PMID: 32468079 PMCID: PMC7343756 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays a key role in many physiological processes and during the inflammatory and immune response to most common diseases. IL-1 exists as two agonists, IL-1α and IL-1β that bind to the only signaling IL-1 type 1 receptor (IL-1R1), while a second decoy IL-1 type 2 receptor (IL-1R2) binds both forms of IL-1 without inducing cell signaling. The field of immunology and inflammation research has, over the past 35 years, unraveled many mechanisms of IL-1 actions, through in vitro manipulation of the IL-1 system or by using genetically engineered mouse models that lack either member of the IL-1 family in ubiquitous constitutive manner. However, the limitation of global mouse knockout technology has significantly hampered our understanding of the precise mechanisms of IL-1 actions in animal models of disease. Here we report and review the recent generation of new conditional mouse mutants in which exons of Il1a, Il1b, Il1r1, and Il1r2 genes flanked by loxP sites (fl/fl) can be deleted in cell-/tissue-specific constitutive or inducible manner by Cre recombinase expression. Hence, IL-1αfl/fl, IL-1βfl/fl, IL-1R1fl/fl, and IL-1R2fl/fl mice constitute a new toolbox that will provide a step change in our understanding of the cell-specific role of IL-1 and its receptor in health and disease and the potential development of targeted IL-1 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
| | - Wesam H Abdulaal
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.BOX 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ilgiz A Mufazalov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Building 308A, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Neil E Humphreys
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, EMBL-Rome, Via Ramarini, 3200015, Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Maj Simonsen-Jackson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Francis
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, S10 2RX, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Werner Müller
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Building 308A, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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Alhallaf R, Agha Z, Miller CM, Robertson AA, Sotillo J, Croese J, Cooper MA, Masters SL, Kupz A, Smith NC, Loukas A, Giacomin PR. The NLRP3 Inflammasome Suppresses Protective Immunity to Gastrointestinal Helminth Infection. Cell Rep 2018; 23:1085-1098. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Generation of a Novel T Cell Specific Interleukin-1 Receptor Type 1 Conditional Knock Out Mouse Reveals Intrinsic Defects in Survival, Expansion and Cytokine Production of CD4 T Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161505. [PMID: 27551932 PMCID: PMC4995027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays a crucial role in numerous inflammatory diseases via action on its only known signaling IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1). To investigate the role of IL-1 signaling in selected cell types, we generated a new mouse strain in which exon 5 of the Il1r1 gene is flanked by loxP sites. Crossing of these mice with CD4-Cre transgenic mice resulted in IL-1R1 loss of function specifically in T cells. These mice, termed IL-1R1ΔT, displayed normal development under steady state conditions. Importantly, isolated CD4 positive T cells retained their capacity to differentiate toward Th1 or Th17 cell lineages in vitro, and strongly proliferated in cultures supplemented with either anti-CD3/CD28 or Concanavalin A, but, as predicted, were completely unresponsive to IL-1β administration. Furthermore, IL-1R1ΔT mice were protected from gut inflammation in the anti-CD3 treatment model, due to dramatically reduced frequencies and absolute numbers of IL-17A and interferon (IFN)-γ producing cells. Taken together, our data shows the necessity of intact IL-1 signaling for survival and expansion of CD4 T cells that were developed in an otherwise IL-1 sufficient environment.
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Abdulaal WH, Walker CR, Costello R, Redondo‐Castro E, Mufazalov IA, Papaemmanouil A, Rothwell NJ, Allan SM, Waisman A, Pinteaux E, Müller W. Characterization of a conditional interleukin-1 receptor 1 mouse mutant using the Cre/LoxP system. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:912-8. [PMID: 26692072 PMCID: PMC4982085 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IL-1 is a key cytokine known to drive chronic inflammation and to regulate many physiological, immunological, and neuroimmunological responses via actions on diverse cell types of the body. To determine the mechanisms of IL-1 actions as part of the inflammatory response in vivo, we generated a conditional IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) mouse mutant using the Cre/LoxP system (IL-1R1(fl/fl) ). In the mutant generated, exon 5, which encodes part of the extracellular-binding region of the receptor, is flanked by LoxP sites, thereby inactivating the two previously described functional IL-1R1 gene transcripts after Cre-mediated recombination. Using keratin 14-Cre driver mice, new IL-1R1 deficient (-/-) mice were subsequently generated, in which all signaling IL-1 receptor isoforms are deleted ubiquitously. Furthermore, using vav-iCre driver mice, we deleted IL-1 receptor isoforms in the hematopoietic system. In these mice, we show that both the IL-17 and IL-22 cytokine response is reduced, when mice are challenged by the helminth Trichuris muris. We are currently crossing IL-1R1(fl/fl) mice with different Cre-expressing mice in order to study mechanisms of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam H. Abdulaal
- Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of SciencesKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ryan Costello
- Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | | | - Ilgiz A. Mufazalov
- Institute for Molecular MedicineMedical University of Johannes Gutenberg‐University of MainzMainzGermany
| | | | | | - Stuart M. Allan
- Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular MedicineMedical University of Johannes Gutenberg‐University of MainzMainzGermany
| | | | - Werner Müller
- Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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6
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T-cell-intrinsic Tif1α/Trim24 regulates IL-1R expression on TH2 cells and TH2 cell-mediated airway allergy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E568-76. [PMID: 26787865 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1522287113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of new therapeutic targets to control allergic reactions and forestall the rising trend of allergic diseases. Although a variety of immune cells contribute to allergy, cytokine-secreting αβ(+)CD4(+) T-helper 2 (TH2) cells orchestrate the type-2-driven immune response in a large proportion of atopic asthmatics. To identify previously unidentified putative targets in pathogenic TH2 cells, we performed in silico analyses of recently published transcriptional data from a wide variety of pathogenic TH cells [Okoye IS, et al. (2014) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111(30):E3081-E3090] and identified that transcription intermediary factor 1 regulator-alpha (Tif1α)/tripartite motif-containing 24 (Trim24) was predicted to be active in house dust mite (HDM)- and helminth-elicited Il4(gfp+)αβ(+)CD4(+) TH2 cells but not in TH1, TH17, or Treg cells. Testing this prediction, we restricted Trim24 deficiency to T cells by using a mixed bone marrow chimera system and found that T-cell-intrinsic Trim24 is essential for HDM-mediated airway allergy and antihelminth immunity. Mechanistically, HDM-elicited Trim24(-/-) T cells have reduced expression of many TH2 cytokines and chemokines and were predicted to have compromised IL-1-regulated signaling. Following this prediction, we found that Trim24(-/-) T cells have reduced IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) expression, are refractory to IL-1β-mediated activation in vitro and in vivo, and fail to respond to IL-1β-exacerbated airway allergy. Collectively, these data identify a previously unappreciated Trim24-dependent requirement for IL-1R expression on TH2 cells and an important nonredundant role for T-cell-intrinsic Trim24 in TH2-mediated allergy and antihelminth immunity.
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Ferguson BJ, Newland SA, Gibbs SE, Tourlomousis P, Fernandes dos Santos P, Patel MN, Hall SW, Walczak H, Schramm G, Haas H, Dunne DW, Cooke A, Zaccone P. The Schistosoma mansoni T2 ribonuclease omega-1 modulates inflammasome-dependent IL-1β secretion in macrophages. Int J Parasitol 2015; 45:809-13. [PMID: 26385440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The T2 ribonuclease omega-1 is a powerful Th2-inducing factor secreted by the eggs of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni. Omega-1 can modulate pattern recognition receptor-induced inflammatory signatures and alter antigen presentation by dendritic cells. Recent findings have suggested that component(s) contained in or secreted by S. mansoni eggs (soluble egg antigen) can also enhance IL-1β secretion by dendritic cells stimulated with pattern recognition receptor ligands. Here we show that omega-1 enhances IL-1β secretion in macrophages stimulated with Toll-like receptor 2 ligand, and propose omega-1 as the factor in soluble egg antigen capable of regulating inflammasome activity. This effect is dependent on the C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1, caspase-8 and the ASC inflammasome adaptor protein, highlighting the ability of omega-1 to regulate multiple pattern recognition receptor signalling pathways. These mechanistic insights into manipulation of host immunity by a parasite product have implications for the design of anti-inflammatory therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Ferguson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QP Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sarah E Gibbs
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QP Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Meghana N Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel W Hall
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QP Cambridge, UK
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - David W Dunne
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QP Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne Cooke
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QP Cambridge, UK
| | - Paola Zaccone
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QP Cambridge, UK.
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Grencis RK, Humphreys NE, Bancroft AJ. Immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes: mechanisms and myths. Immunol Rev 2015; 260:183-205. [PMID: 24942690 PMCID: PMC4141702 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses to gastrointestinal nematodes have been studied extensively for over 80 years and intensively investigated over the last 30–40 years. The use of laboratory models has led to the discovery of new mechanisms of protective immunity and made major contributions to our fundamental understanding of both innate and adaptive responses. In addition to host protection, it is clear that immunoregulatory processes are common in infected individuals and resistance often operates alongside modulation of immunity. This review aims to discuss the recent discoveries in both host protection and immunoregulation against gastrointestinal nematodes, placing the data in context of the specific life cycles imposed by the different parasites studied and the future challenges of considering the mucosal/immune axis to encompass host, parasite, and microbiome in its widest sense.
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Zaph C, Artis D. Parasitic Infection of the Mucosal Surfaces. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Bozaoglu K, Attard C, Kulkarni H, Cummings N, Diego VP, Carless MA, Shields KA, Johnson MP, Kowlessur S, Dyer TD, Comuzzie AG, Almasy L, Zimmet P, Moses EK, Göring HHH, Curran JE, Blangero J, Jowett JBM. Plasma levels of soluble interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein are reduced in obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:3435-43. [PMID: 24915116 PMCID: PMC4154095 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-4475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adipokines actuate chronic, low-grade inflammation through a complex network of immune markers, but the current understanding of these networks is incomplete. The soluble isoform of the IL-1 receptor accessory protein (sIL1RAP) occupies an important position in the inflammatory pathways involved in obesity. The pathogenetic and clinical influences of sIL1RAP are unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to elucidate whether plasma levels of sIL1RAP are reduced in obesity, using affluent clinical, biochemical, and genetic data from two diverse cohorts. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The study was conducted in two cohorts: the San Antonio Family Heart Study (n = 1397 individuals from 42 families) and South Asians living in Mauritius, n = 230). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Plasma sIL1RAP levels were measured using an ELISA. The genetic basis of sIL1RAP levels were investigated using both a large-scale gene expression profiling study and a genome-wide association study. RESULTS A significant decrease in plasma sIL1RAP levels were observed in obese subjects, even after adjustment for age and sex. The sIL1RAP levels demonstrated a strong inverse association with obesity measures in both populations. All associations were more significant in females. Plasma sIL1RAP levels were significantly heritable, correlated with IL1RAP transcript levels (NM_134470), showed evidence for shared genetic influences with obesity measures and were significantly associated with the rs2885373 single-nucleotide polymorphism (P = 6.7 × 10(-23)) within the IL1RAP gene. CONCLUSIONS Plasma sIL1RAP levels are reduced in obesity and can potentially act as biomarkers of obesity. Mechanistic studies are required to understand the exact contribution of sIL1RAP to the pathogenesis of obesity.
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Reynolds LA, Harcus Y, Smith KA, Webb LM, Hewitson JP, Ross EA, Brown S, Uematsu S, Akira S, Gray D, Gray M, MacDonald AS, Cunningham AF, Maizels RM. MyD88 signaling inhibits protective immunity to the gastrointestinal helminth parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2984-93. [PMID: 25114104 PMCID: PMC4157852 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Helminth parasites remain one of the most common causes of infections worldwide, yet little is still known about the immune signaling pathways that control their expulsion. C57BL/6 mice are chronically susceptible to infection with the gastrointestinal helminth parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus. In this article, we report that C57BL/6 mice lacking the adapter protein MyD88, which mediates signaling by TLRs and IL-1 family members, showed enhanced immunity to H. polygyrus infection. Alongside increased parasite expulsion, MyD88-deficient mice showed heightened IL-4 and IL-17A production from mesenteric lymph node CD4+ cells. In addition, MyD88−/− mice developed substantial numbers of intestinal granulomas around the site of infection, which were not seen in MyD88-sufficient C57BL/6 mice, nor when signaling through the adapter protein TRIF (TIR domain–containing adapter–inducing IFN-β adapter protein) was also ablated. Mice deficient solely in TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, or TLR9 did not show enhanced parasite expulsion, suggesting that these TLRs signal redundantly to maintain H. polygyrus susceptibility in wild-type mice. To further investigate signaling pathways that are MyD88 dependent, we infected IL-1R1−/− mice with H. polygyrus. This genotype displayed heightened granuloma numbers compared with wild-type mice, but without increased parasite expulsion. Thus, the IL-1R–MyD88 pathway is implicated in inhibiting granuloma formation; however, protective immunity in MyD88-deficient mice appears to be granuloma independent. Like IL-1R1−/− and MyD88−/− mice, animals lacking signaling through the type 1 IFN receptor (i.e., IFNAR1−/−) also developed intestinal granulomas. Hence, IL-1R1, MyD88, and type 1 IFN receptor signaling may provide pathways to impede granuloma formation in vivo, but additional MyD88-mediated signals are associated with inhibition of protective immunity in susceptible C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Reynolds
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Harcus
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine A Smith
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren M Webb
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
| | - James P Hewitson
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan A Ross
- Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Brown
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
| | - Satoshi Uematsu
- Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier Institute Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - David Gray
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
| | - Mohini Gray
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
| | - Adam F Cunningham
- Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Rick M Maizels
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, United Kingdom;
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12
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Zaiss MM, Maslowski KM, Mosconi I, Guenat N, Marsland BJ, Harris NL. IL-1β suppresses innate IL-25 and IL-33 production and maintains helminth chronicity. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003531. [PMID: 23935505 PMCID: PMC3731249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 2 billion people currently suffer from intestinal helminth infections, which are typically chronic in nature and result in growth retardation, vitamin A deficiency, anemia and poor cognitive function. Such chronicity results from co-evolution between helminths and their mammalian hosts; however, the molecular mechanisms by which these organisms avert immune rejection are not clear. We have found that the natural murine helminth, Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (Hp) elicits the secretion of IL-1β in vivo and in vitro and that this cytokine is critical for shaping a mucosal environment suited to helminth chronicity. Indeed in mice deficient for IL-1β (IL-1β(-/-)), or treated with the soluble IL-1βR antagonist, Anakinra, helminth infection results in enhanced type 2 immunity and accelerated parasite expulsion. IL-1β acts to decrease production of IL-25 and IL-33 at early time points following infection and parasite rejection was determined to require IL-25. Taken together, these data indicate that Hp promotes the release of host-derived IL-1β that suppresses the release of innate cytokines, resulting in suboptimal type 2 immunity and allowing pathogen chronicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario M. Zaiss
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédèrale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Ilaria Mosconi
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédèrale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Guenat
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédèrale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin J. Marsland
- Department of Pneumology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola L. Harris
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédèrale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Okoye IS, Wilson MS. CD4+ T helper 2 cells--microbial triggers, differentiation requirements and effector functions. Immunology 2012; 134:368-77. [PMID: 22043920 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2011.03497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 10 years we have made great strides in our understanding of T helper cell differentiation, expansion and effector functions. Within the context of T helper type 2 (Th2) cell development, novel innate-like cells with the capacity to secrete large amounts of interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-13 and IL-9 as well as IL-4-producing and antigen-processing basophils have (re)-emerged onto the type 2 scene. To what extent these new players influence αβ+ CD4+ Th2 cell differentiation is discussed throughout this appraisal of the current literature. We highlight the unique features of Th2 cell development, highlighting the three necessary signals, T-cell receptor ligation, co-stimulation and cytokine receptor ligation. Finally, putting these into context, microbial and allergenic properties that trigger Th2 cell differentiation and how these influence Th2 effector function are discussed and questioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel S Okoye
- Division of Molecular Immunology, National Institute for Medical Research, MRC, London, UK
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Stemkowski PL, Smith PA. Long-term IL-1β exposure causes subpopulation-dependent alterations in rat dorsal root ganglion neuron excitability. J Neurophysiol 2011; 107:1586-97. [PMID: 22170966 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00587.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on the electrical properties of sensory neurons was assessed at levels and exposure times comparable to those found in animal models of neuropathic pain. Experiments involved whole cell current-clamp recordings from rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in defined-medium, neuron-enriched cultures. Five- to six-day exposure to 100 pM IL-1β produced subpopulation-dependent effects on DRG neurons. These included an increase in the excitability of medium-diameter and small-diameter isolectin B(4) (IB(4))-positive neurons that was comparable to that found after peripheral nerve injury. By contrast, a reduction in excitability was observed in large-diameter neurons, while no effect was found in small-diameter IB(4)-negative neurons. Further characterization of changes in medium and small IB(4)-positive neurons revealed that some, but not all, effects of IL-1β were mediated through its receptor, IL-1RI. Although the acute actions of IL-1β on sensory neurons have been well studied and related to acute and/or inflammatory pain, the present study shows how sensory neurons respond to long-term cytokine exposure. Such effects are relevant to understanding processes that contribute to the onset of neuropathic pain.
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Sanecka A, Ansems M, Prosser AC, Danielski K, Warner K, den Brok MH, Jansen BJH, Eleveld-Trancikova D, Adema GJ. DC-STAMP knock-down deregulates cytokine production and T-cell stimulatory capacity of LPS-matured dendritic cells. BMC Immunol 2011; 12:57. [PMID: 21978263 PMCID: PMC3199277 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-12-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DCs) are the highly specialized antigen presenting cells of the immune system that play a key role in regulating immune responses. DCs can efficiently initiate immune responses or induce tolerance. Due to this dual function, DCs are studied in the context of immunotherapy for both cancer and autoimmune diseases. Characterization of DC-specific genes, leading to better understanding of DC immunobiology, will help to guide their use in clinical settings. We previously identified DC-STAMP, a multi-membrane spanning protein preferentially expressed by DCs. DC-STAMP resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of immature DCs and translocates towards the Golgi compartment upon maturation. In this study we knocked down DC-STAMP in mouse bone marrow-derived DCs (mBMDCs) to determine its function. RESULTS We demonstrate that DC-STAMP knock-down mBMDCs secrete less IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and IL-10 while IL-1 production is enhanced. Moreover, LPS-matured DC-STAMP knock-down mBMDCs show impaired T cell activation potential and induction of Th1 responses in an alloreaction. CONCLUSIONS We show that DC-STAMP plays an important role in cytokine production by mBMDCs following LPS exposure. Our results reveal a novel function of DC-STAMP in regulating DC-initiated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sanecka
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Zaccone P, Burton OT, Gibbs SE, Miller N, Jones FM, Schramm G, Haas H, Doenhoff MJ, Dunne DW, Cooke A. The S. mansoni glycoprotein ω-1 induces Foxp3 expression in NOD mouse CD4⁺ T cells. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:2709-18. [PMID: 21710488 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Immunization with Schistosoma mansoni soluble antigen preparations protects non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice against the development of type 1 diabetes. These preparations have long been known to induce Th2 responses in vitro and in vivo. Recently, two separate groups have reported that ω-1, a well-characterized glycoprotein in S. mansoni soluble egg antigens (SEA), which with IL-4 inducing principle of S. mansoni eggs (IPSE/α-1) is one of the two major glycoproteins secreted by live eggs, is a major SEA component responsible for this effect. We found that ω-1 induces Foxp3 as well as IL-4 expression when injected in vivo. We confirmed that ω-1 conditions DCs to drive Th2 responses and further demonstrated that ω-1 induces Foxp3(+) T cells from NOD mouse naïve T cells. In contrast, IPSE/α-1 did not drive Foxp3 responses. The in vitro development of Foxp3-expressing T cells by ω-1 was TGF-β- and retinoic acid-dependent. Our work, therefore, identifies ω-1 as an important factor for the induction of Foxp3(+) T cells by SEA in NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zaccone
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK.
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Uyttenhove C, Brombacher F, Van Snick J. TGF-β interactions with IL-1 family members trigger IL-4-independent IL-9 production by mouse CD4(+) T cells. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:2230-5. [PMID: 20540113 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200940281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
TGF-β and IL-4 were recently shown to selectively upregulate IL-9 production by naïve CD4(+) T cells. We report here that TGF-β interactions with IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-33 have equivalent IL-9-stimulating activities that function even in IL-4-deficient animals. This was observed after in vitro antigenic stimulation of immunized or unprimed mice and after polyclonal T-cell activation. Based on intracellular IL-9 staining, all IL-9-producing cells were CD4(+) and 80-90% had proliferated, as indicated by reduced CFSE staining. In contrast to IL-9, IL-13 and IL-17 were strongly stimulated by IL-1 and either inhibited (IL-13) or were unaffected (IL-17) by addition of TGF-β. IL-9 and IL-17 production also differed in their dependence on IL-2 and regulation by IL-1/IL-23. As IL-9 levels were much lower in Th2 and Th17 cultures, our results identify TGF-β/IL-1 and TGF-β/IL-4 as the main control points of IL-9 synthesis.
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Voronov E, Dotan S, Gayvoronsky L, White RM, Cohen I, Krelin Y, Benchetrit F, Elkabets M, Huszar M, El-On J, Apte RN. IL-1-induced inflammation promotes development of leishmaniasis in susceptible BALB/c mice. Int Immunol 2010; 22:245-57. [PMID: 20181656 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxq006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of host-derived IL-1 on the course of Leishmania major infection in susceptible BALB/c mice was assessed. Manifestations of the disease were more severe in mice deficient in the physiological inhibitor of IL-1, the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in comparison with control mice. In mice lacking one of the IL-1 genes (IL-1alpha or IL-1beta), there was delayed development of the disease and more attenuated systemic inflammatory responses. IL-1alpha-deficient mice were slightly more resistant to L. major infection compared with IL-1beta-knockout mice. During disease progression in IL-1Ra KO and control mice, myeloid-derived suppressor cells invaded the spleen, concomitant to suppression of T cell-mediated immunity and expression of systemic high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In IL-1-deficient mice, T(h)1 responses were still apparent, even at late stages of the disease. Thus, dose-dependent effects of IL-1 were shown to influence the pathogenesis of murine leishamaniasis in susceptible BALB/c mice. Physiological and supra-physiological levels of IL-1 in the microenvironment promoted an exacerbated form of disease, whereas sub-physiological doses of IL-1 induced a less progressive disease. Thus, manipulation of IL-1 levels in the host, using the IL-1Ra or specific antibodies, has the potential to alleviate symptoms of visceral manifestations of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Voronov
- Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
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