1
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Kim WD, Sin DD. Granzyme B May Act as an Effector Molecule to Control the Inflammatory Process in COPD. COPD 2024; 21:1-11. [PMID: 38314671 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2023.2299104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is caused by smoking, but only a small proportion of smokers have disease severe enough to develop COPD. COPD is not always progressive. The question then arises as to what explains the different trajectories of COPD. The role of autoimmunity and regulatory T (Treg) cells in the pathogenesis of COPD is increasingly being recognized. Nine published studies on Treg cells in the lung tissue or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid have shown that smokers with COPD have fewer Treg cells than smokers without COPD or nonsmokers. Three studies showed a positive correlation between Treg cell count and FEV1%, suggesting an important role for Treg cells in COPD progression. Treg cells can regulate immunological responses via the granzyme B (GzmB) pathway. Immunohistochemical staining for GzmB in surgically resected lungs with centrilobular emphysema showed that the relationship between the amount of GzmB+ cells and FEV1% was comparable to that between Treg cell count and FEV1% in the COPD lung, suggesting that GzmB could be a functional marker for Treg cells. The volume fraction of GzmB+ cells in the small airways, the number of alveolar GzmB+ cells, and GzmB expression measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the lung tissue of smokers were significantly correlated with FEV1%. These results suggest that the GzmB content in lung tissue may determine the progression of COPD by acting as an effector molecule to control inflammatory process. Interventions to augment GzmB-producing immunosuppressive cells in the early stages of COPD could help prevent or delay COPD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Dong Kim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Don D Sin
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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2
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Huang L, Li X, Li Z, Zhu H, Han Y, Zeng J, Wen M, Zeng H. PD-1 mediates microglia polarization via the MAPK signaling pathway to protect blood-brain barrier function during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Brain Res Bull 2024; 216:111055. [PMID: 39173779 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia is characterized by its rapid onset and high rates of recurrence, morbidity, and mortality, with blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability playing a vital role in brain injury. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanism which regulates the BBB during cerebral ischemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and an in vivo model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) were constructed. PD-1 overexpression vectors and vectors containing si-RNA were transfected and injected into in vitro and in vivo models. Western blotting, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), immunofluorescence (IF) analysis, and immunohistochemical staining were employed to evaluate the expression levels of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), microglia M1 and M2 biomarkers, and tight junction proteins. Flow cytometry and ELISA were used to measure the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The BBB permeability of brain tissues was evaluated by Evans blue dye (EBD) extravasation and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). Brain water content was measured to assess the extent of inflammatory exudation. The infarct volume and neurological severity score (NSS) were used to assess the severity of brain injury. Brain cell apoptosis was assessed by the TUNEL assay and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. RESULTS PD-1 helped to convert the microglia M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype and to reduce BBB permeability both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of PD-1 promoted a shift of the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype and reduced BBB permeability via the ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. PD-1 reduced inflammatory exudation, BBB permeability, cell apoptosis, and brain injury in vivo. CONCLUSION Our present study verified that PD-1 exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by converting the microglia M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype, reducing BBB permeability, and thereby relieves brain injury caused by cerebral ischemia. PD-1 is potential therapeutic target for brain injury caused by cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqiang Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, China
| | - Xinping Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, China
| | - Huishan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, China
| | - Yongli Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, China
| | - Juhao Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, China
| | - Miaoyun Wen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, China
| | - Hongke Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, China.
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3
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Deo AS, Shrijana, S U S, Karun S, Bisaria K, Sarkar K. Participation of T cells in generating immune protection against cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 262:155534. [PMID: 39180801 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
T cells are essential to the immune system's reaction. The major job of the immune system is to identify and get rid of any abnormal or malignant cells in the body. White blood cells called T cells coordinate and carry out immunological responses, including identifying and eliminating cancer cells. It mostly consists of two types called helper T-cells and cytotoxic T-cells. Together, they create an efficient reaction against cancer. Both the primary T cell subtype - CD4+ and CD8+ Tcells have specific role to play in our immune system.CD4+ T cells are limited to MHC-II molecules and acts as helper cell by activating and enhancing other immune cells. On the other side CD8+ T cells are called the killer cells as they eradicate the abnormal and contaminated cells and are limited to MHC-I molecules. The malignant cells are destroyed when cytotoxic T cells come into direct contact with them. This happens via number of processes, including TCR recognition, the release of cytotoxic chemicals, and finally the activation of the immune system. T cell receptors on the surface of cytotoxic T cells allow them to identify tumour cells and these T cells release harmful chemicals like perforins and granzymes when they connect to malignant cells. T-cells that have been stimulated release cytokines such as gamma interferon. T-cells can also acquire memory responses that improve their capacity for recognition and response. Helper T-cells contribute to the development of an immune response. It entails coordination and activation as well as the enlistment of additional immune cells, including macrophages and natural killer cells, to assist in the eradication of cancer cells. Despite the fact that the cancer frequently creates defence systems to circumvent their immune response. Together, these activities support the immune surveillance and T-cell-mediated regulation of cancer cells. Treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery are main ways to treat cancer but immunotherapy has been emerging since last few decades. These immune specific treatments have shown huge positive result. CAR T cell therapy is a promising weapon to fight again blood cancer and it works by focusing on our immune system to fight and eliminate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Singha Deo
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Shrijana
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Sruthika S U
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Shreya Karun
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Kashish Bisaria
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Koustav Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
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Ding Y, Lei S, Wang L, Tang L, Zhang Y, Liao Y, Deng X, Li Y, Gong Y, Li Y. Age-related efficacy of immunotherapies in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Lung Cancer 2024; 195:107925. [PMID: 39146625 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2024.107925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The reported impact of age on the effectiveness of emerging immunotherapies in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been inconsistent in clinical trials, largely due to an underrepresentation of older individuals. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) in older patients with NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature up to April 2024 was reviewed to identify articles meeting the criteria for inclusion. Hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) across various age groups were examined. The ratio of HR (RHR) was computed and combined for each study. RESULTS A preliminary search identified 118 articles, with 13 being phase II or III randomized clinical trials comparing the efficacy of nivolumab, avelumab, ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, and chemotherapy with or without antiangiogenic therapy. The analysis revealed that the HR for OS was 0.75 (95 % CI: 0.70-0.80, P=0.080) in patients aged under 75 years and 0.87 (95 % CI: 0.74-1.01, P=0.913) in patients aged 75 years and older. The combined RHR for patients aged 75 years and above versus those aged under 75 years was 1.14 (95 % CI: 0.97-1.34, P=0.697). There was no significant difference in OS benefit between patients over 75 years and younger patients (P=0.105). Subgroup analyses indicated that the benefit of OS was consistent across all subgroups and age groups. CONCLUSIONS Our investigation found no significant differences in the efficacy of immunotherapy for patients with NSCLC aged 75 years and older compared to those under 75 years old. This suggests that the efficacy of immunotherapy against NSCLC is consistent across age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ding
- Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Shun Lei
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Long Tang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yiran Liao
- Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xia Deng
- Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China.
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Xia T, Zhou Y, An J, Cui Z, Zhong X, Cui T, Lv B, Zhao X, Gao X. Benefit delayed immunosenescence by regulating CD4 +T cells: A promising therapeutic target for aging-related diseases. Aging Cell 2024:e14317. [PMID: 39155409 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
CD4+T cells play a notable role in immune protection at different stages of life. During aging, the interaction between the body's internal and external environment and CD4+T cells results in a series of changes in the CD4+T cells pool making it involved in immunosenescence. Many studies have extensively examined the subsets and functionality of CD4+T cells within the immune system, highlighted their pivotal role in disease pathogenesis, progression, and therapeutic interventions. However, the underlying mechanism of CD4+T cells senescence and its intricate association with diseases remains to be elucidated and comprehensively understood. By summarizing the immunosenescent progress and network of CD4+T cell subsets, we reveal the crucial role of CD4+T cells in the occurrence and development of age-related diseases. Furthermore, we provide new insights and theoretical foundations for diseases targeting CD4+T cell subsets aging as a treatment focus, offering novel approaches for therapy, especially in infections, cancers, autoimmune diseases, and other diseases in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayao An
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi Cui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinqin Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyi Cui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Lv
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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6
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Huna A, Massemin A, Makulyte G, Flaman JM, Martin N, Bernard D. Regulation of cell function and identity by cellular senescence. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202401112. [PMID: 38865089 PMCID: PMC11169915 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202401112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
During aging and in some contexts, like embryonic development, wound healing, and diseases such as cancer, senescent cells accumulate and play a key role in different pathophysiological functions. A long-held belief was that cellular senescence decreased normal cell functions, given the loss of proliferation of senescent cells. This view radically changed following the discovery of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), factors released by senescent cells into their microenvironment. There is now accumulating evidence that cellular senescence also promotes gain-of-function effects by establishing, reinforcing, or changing cell identity, which can have a beneficial or deleterious impact on pathophysiology. These effects may involve both proliferation arrest and autocrine SASP production, although they largely remain to be defined. Here, we provide a historical overview of the first studies on senescence and an insight into emerging trends regarding the effects of senescence on cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anda Huna
- Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Amélie Massemin
- Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Gabriela Makulyte
- Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Michel Flaman
- Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Nadine Martin
- Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - David Bernard
- Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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Chang Y, Cao W, Lu L, Han Y, Qin L, Zhou B, Li T. An updated immunosenescence exploration in healthy Chinese donors: circular elevated PD-1 on T cell and increased Ki67 on CD8+ T cell towards aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:10985-10996. [PMID: 38954761 PMCID: PMC11272111 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Immunosenescence is a process of immune dysfunction that occurs along with aging. Many studies have focused on the changes of different lymphocyte subsets in diseases and immune aging. However, the fluctuation in the number and phenotype of lymphocyte subset caused by aging have not been comprehensively analyzed, especially the effects of new indicators such as PD-1 and Ki67 in peripheral blood have been rarely reported. We further investigated the humoral and cellular immune parameters of 150 healthy donors over 18 years old. Age was associated with decreased CD4+CD45RA+CD62L+ T cells, decreased CD4+CD45RA+CD31+ T cells, and increased memory CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, dominated by male CD8+ T cells. The loss of CD28 expression on T cells and the transverse trend of activated CD38 and HLA-DR were also related to the increased age. In addition, CD8+ T cells in men were more prominent in activation indicators, and the difference between the old and young groups was obvious. CD4+CD25+CD127- T cells percentage tended to decrease with age and did not differ significantly between gender. Interestingly, we found that age was positively associated with PD-1+ T cells and showed significant age-related variability in men. Similarly, the percentage of CD8+ki-67+ also showed an increasing trend, with significant differences between the young group and other elderly groups in males. Our findings can provide immunological clues for future aging research, offering new insights for clinical monitoring and prevention of certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianfeng Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baotong Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Taisheng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Tsinghua University Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Guan Y, Cao M, Wu X, Yan J, Hao Y, Zhang C. CD28 null T cells in aging and diseases: From biology to assessment and intervention. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111807. [PMID: 38471362 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
CD28null T cells, an atypical subset characterized by the loss of CD28 costimulatory molecule expression, exhibit functional variants and progressively expand with age. Moreover, T cells with these phenotypes are found in both typical and atypical humoral immune responses. Consequently, they accumulate during infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular conditions, and neurodegenerative ailments. To provide an in-depth review of the current knowledge regarding CD28null T cells, we specifically focus on their phenotypic and functional characteristics as well as their physiological roles in aging and diseases. While uncertainties regarding the clinical utility remains, we will review the following two crucial research perspectives to explore clinical translational applications of the research on this specific T cell subset: 1) addressing the potential utility of CD28null T cells as immunological markers for prognosis and adverse outcomes in both aging and disease, and 2) speculating on the potential of targeting CD28null T cells as an interventional strategy for preventing or delaying immune aging processes and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Guan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ming Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaofen Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jinhua Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi Hao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China.
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9
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Chebly A, Khalil C, Kuzyk A, Beylot-Barry M, Chevret E. T-cell lymphocytes' aging clock: telomeres, telomerase and aging. Biogerontology 2024; 25:279-288. [PMID: 37917220 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the decline of physiological capabilities required for life maintenance and reproduction over time. The human immune cells, including T-cells lymphocytes, undergo dramatic aging-related changes, including those related to telomeres and telomerase. It was demonstrated that telomeres and telomerase play crucial roles in T-cell differentiation, aging, and diseases, including a well-documented link between short telomeres and telomerase activation demonstrated in several T-cells malignancies. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the literature regarding T-cells' telomeres and telomerase in health and age related-diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Chebly
- Jacques Loiselet Center for Medical Genetics and Genomics (CGGM), Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Higher Institute of Public Health, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Charbel Khalil
- Reviva Stem Cell Platform for Research and Applications Center, Bsalim, Lebanon
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Lebanese American University School of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alexandra Kuzyk
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marie Beylot-Barry
- Dermatology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BRIC, U1312, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Edith Chevret
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BRIC, U1312, 33000, Bordeaux, France
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10
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Yu PJ, Zhou M, Liu Y, Du J. Senescent T Cells in Age-Related Diseases. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0219. [PMID: 38502582 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-induced alterations in human immunity are often considered deleterious and are referred to as immunosenescence. The immune system monitors the number of senescent cells in the body, while immunosenescence may represent the initiation of systemic aging. Immune cells, particularly T cells, are the most impacted and involved in age-related immune function deterioration, making older individuals more prone to different age-related diseases. T-cell senescence can impact the effectiveness of immunotherapies that rely on the immune system's function, including vaccines and adoptive T-cell therapies. The research and practice of using senescent T cells as therapeutic targets to intervene in age-related diseases are in their nascent stages. Therefore, in this review, we summarize recent related literature to investigate the characteristics of senescent T cells as well as their formation mechanisms, relationship with various aging-related diseases, and means of intervention. The primary objective of this article is to explore the prospects and possibilities of therapeutically targeting senescent T cells, serving as a valuable resource for the development of immunotherapy and treatment of age-related diseases.
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Huang M, Wang Y, Fang L, Liu C, Feng F, Liu L, Sun C. T cell senescence: a new perspective on immunotherapy in lung cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1338680. [PMID: 38415245 PMCID: PMC10896971 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1338680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell senescence is an indication of T cell dysfunction. The ability of senescent T cells to respond to cognate antigens is reduced and they are in the late stage of differentiation and proliferation; therefore, they cannot recognize and eliminate tumor cells in a timely and effective manner, leading to the formation of the suppressive tumor microenvironment. Establishing methods to reverse T cell senescence is particularly important for immunotherapy. Aging exacerbates profound changes in the immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to chronic, infectious, and autoimmune diseases. Patients with malignant lung tumors have impaired immune function with a high risk of recurrence, metastasis, and mortality. Immunotherapy based on PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and other immune checkpoints is promising for treating lung malignancies. However, T cell senescence can lead to low efficacy or unsuccessful treatment results in some immunotherapies. Efficiently blocking and reversing T cell senescence is a key goal of the enhancement of tumor immunotherapy. This study discusses the characteristics, mechanism, and expression of T cell senescence in malignant lung tumors and the treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Huang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuetong Wang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liguang Fang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Cun Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Fubin Feng
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
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Rimmer L, Mann DA, Sayer AA, Amarnath S, Granic A. A silver bullet for ageing medicine?: clinical relevance of T-cell checkpoint receptors in normal human ageing. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360141. [PMID: 38361938 PMCID: PMC10867193 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence describes dysregulation of the immune system with ageing manifested in both the innate and adaptive immunity, including changes in T-cell checkpoint signaling. Through complex and nuanced process, T-cells lose excitatory signaling pathways and upregulate their inhibitory signaling, leading to ineffective immune responses that contribute to the formation of the ageing phenotype. Here we expand on the expression, function, and clinical potential of targeting the T-cell checkpoint signaling in age and highlight interventions offering the most benefits to older adults' health. Notably, modifications in vaccination such as with mTOR inhibitors show immediate clinical relevance and good tolerability. Other proposed treatments, including therapies with monoclonal antibodies fail to show clinical efficacy or tolerability needed for implementation at present. Although T-cell co-signaling fits a valuable niche for translational scientists to manage immunosenescence, future study would benefit from the inclusion of older adults with multiple long-term conditions and polypharmacy, ensuring better applicability to actual patients seen in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Rimmer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Derek A. Mann
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Avan A. Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Shoba Amarnath
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Talreja J, Peng C, Samavati L. MIF modulates p38/ERK phosphorylation via MKP-1 induction in sarcoidosis. iScience 2024; 27:108746. [PMID: 38299032 PMCID: PMC10829885 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a versatile cytokine that influences a variety of cellular processes important for immune regulation and tissue homeostasis. Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease characterized by extensive local inflammation and increased T helper cell mediated cytokines. We have shown that MIF has a modulatory role in cytokine networks in sarcoidosis. We investigated the effect of exogenous MIF on sarcoidosis alveolar macrophages (AMs), CD14+ monocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Our results showed that MIF negatively regulates the increased MAPKs (pp38 and pERK1/2) activation by inducing Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP)-1. We found that MIF decreased IL-6 and IL-1β production, increased the percentage of regulatory T-cells (Tregs), and induced IL-1R antagonist (IL-1RA) and IL-10 production. Thus, the results of our study suggest that exogenous MIF modulates MAPK activation by inducing MKP-1and Tregs as well as IL-10 and IL-1RA, and hence plays a modulatory role in immune activation in sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Talreja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University, School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Changya Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University, School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Lobelia Samavati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University, School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Yang J, Liu HC, Zhang JQ, Zou JY, Zhang X, Chen WM, Gu Y, Hong H. The effect of metformin on senescence of T lymphocytes. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:73. [PMID: 38087369 PMCID: PMC10714529 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosenescence occurs as people age, leading to an increased incidence of age-related diseases. The number of senescent T cells also rises with age. T cell senescence and immune response dysfunction can result in a decline in immune function, especially in anti-tumor immune responses. Metformin has been shown to have various beneficial effects on health, such as lowering blood sugar levels, reducing the risk of cancer development, and slowing down the aging process. However, the immunomodulatory effects of metformin on senescent T cells still need to be investigated. METHODS PBMCs isolation from different age population (n = 88); Flow Cytometry is applied to determine the phenotypic characterization of senescent T lymphocytes; intracellular staining is applied to determine the function of senescent T cells; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is employed to test the telomerase concentration. The RNA-seq analysis of gene expression associated with T cell senescence. RESULTS The middle-aged group had the highest proportion of senescent T cells. We found that metformin could decrease the number of CD8 + senescent T cells. Metformin affects the secretion of SASP, inhibiting the secretion of IFN-γ in CD8 + senescent T cells. Furthermore, metformin treatment restrained the production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 in lymphocytes. Metformin had minimal effects on Granzyme B secretion in senescent T cells, but it promoted the production of TNF-α in senescent T cells. Additionally, metformin increased the concentration of telomerase and the frequency of undifferentiated T cells. The results of RNA-seq showed that metformin promoted the expression of genes related to stemness and telomerase activity, while inhibiting the expression of DNA damage-associated genes. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that metformin could inhibit T cell senescence in terms of cell number, effector function, telomerase content and gene expression in middle-aged individuals, which may serve as a promising approach for preventing age-related diseases in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58 Zhong Shan Two Road, Guang Zhou, 510000, Guang Dong, China
| | - Hai-Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, The Institute of Immunology of Zhong Shan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.74 Zhong Shan Two Road, Guang Zhou, Guang Dong, 510000, China
| | - Jian-Qing Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58 Zhong Shan Two Road, Guang Zhou, 510000, Guang Dong, China
| | - Jian-Yong Zou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58 Zhong Shan Two Road, Guang Zhou, 510000, Guang Dong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58 Zhong Shan Two Road, Guang Zhou, 510000, Guang Dong, China
| | - Wo-Ming Chen
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang West Road, Guang Zhou, 510120, China
| | - Yong Gu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58 Zhong Shan Two Road, Guang Zhou, 510000, Guang Dong, China.
| | - Hai Hong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, The Institute of Immunology of Zhong Shan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.74 Zhong Shan Two Road, Guang Zhou, Guang Dong, 510000, China.
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Guo L, Liu X, Su X. The role of TEMRA cell-mediated immune senescence in the development and treatment of HIV disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1284293. [PMID: 37901239 PMCID: PMC10602809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1284293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has plagued human society for a long time since its discovery, causing a large number of patients to suffer and costing hundreds of millions of medical services every year. Scientists have found that HIV and antiretroviral therapy accelerate immune aging by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, and that terminal effector memory T cells (TEMRA cells) are crucial in immune aging. This specific subset of effector memory T cells has terminally differentiated properties and exhibits high cytotoxicity and proinflammatory capacity. We therefore explored and described the interplay between exhaustion features, essential markers, functions, and signaling pathways from previous studies on HIV, antiretroviral therapy, immune senescence, and TEMRA cells. Their remarkable antiviral capacity is then highlighted by elucidating phenotypic changes in TEMRA cells during HIV infection, describing changes in TEMRA cells before, during, and after antiretroviral therapy and other drug treatments. Their critical role in complications and cytomegalovirus (CMV)-HIV superinfection is highlighted. These studies demonstrate that TEMRA cells play a key role in the antiviral response and immune senescence during HIV infection. Finally, we review current therapeutic strategies targeting TEMRA cells that may be clinically beneficial, highlight their potential role in HIV-1 vaccine development, and provide perspectives and predictions for related future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Guo
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
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16
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Terrabuio E, Zenaro E, Constantin G. The role of the CD8+ T cell compartment in ageing and neurodegenerative disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233870. [PMID: 37575227 PMCID: PMC10416633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ lymphocytes are adaptive immunity cells with the particular function to directly kill the target cell following antigen recognition in the context of MHC class I. In addition, CD8+ T cells may release pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and a plethora of other cytokines and chemoattractants modulating immune and inflammatory responses. A role for CD8+ T cells has been suggested in aging and several diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, limbic encephalitis-induced temporal lobe epilepsy and Susac syndrome. Here we discuss the phenotypic and functional alterations of CD8+ T cell compartment during these conditions, highlighting similarities and differences between CNS disorders. Particularly, we describe the pathological changes in CD8+ T cell memory phenotypes emphasizing the role of senescence and exhaustion in promoting neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. We also discuss the relevance of trafficking molecules such as selectins, mucins and integrins controlling the extravasation of CD8+ T cells into the CNS and promoting disease development. Finally, we discuss how CD8+ T cells may induce CNS tissue damage leading to neurodegeneration and suggest that targeting detrimental CD8+ T cells functions may have therapeutic effect in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Terrabuio
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Hieber C, Grabbe S, Bros M. Counteracting Immunosenescence-Which Therapeutic Strategies Are Promising? Biomolecules 2023; 13:1085. [PMID: 37509121 PMCID: PMC10377144 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging attenuates the overall responsiveness of the immune system to eradicate pathogens. The increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by innate immune cells under basal conditions, termed inflammaging, contributes to impaired innate immune responsiveness towards pathogen-mediated stimulation and limits antigen-presenting activity. Adaptive immune responses are attenuated as well due to lowered numbers of naïve lymphocytes and their impaired responsiveness towards antigen-specific stimulation. Additionally, the numbers of immunoregulatory cell types, comprising regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, that inhibit the activity of innate and adaptive immune cells are elevated. This review aims to summarize our knowledge on the cellular and molecular causes of immunosenescence while also taking into account senescence effects that constitute immune evasion mechanisms in the case of chronic viral infections and cancer. For tumor therapy numerous nanoformulated drugs have been developed to overcome poor solubility of compounds and to enable cell-directed delivery in order to restore immune functions, e.g., by addressing dysregulated signaling pathways. Further, nanovaccines which efficiently address antigen-presenting cells to mount sustained anti-tumor immune responses have been clinically evaluated. Further, senolytics that selectively deplete senescent cells are being tested in a number of clinical trials. Here we discuss the potential use of such drugs to improve anti-aging therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hieber
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Kell L, Simon AK, Alsaleh G, Cox LS. The central role of DNA damage in immunosenescence. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1202152. [PMID: 37465119 PMCID: PMC10351018 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1202152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is the biggest risk factor for the development of multiple chronic diseases as well as increased infection susceptibility and severity of diseases such as influenza and COVID-19. This increased disease risk is linked to changes in immune function during ageing termed immunosenescence. Age-related loss of immune function, particularly in adaptive responses against pathogens and immunosurveillance against cancer, is accompanied by a paradoxical gain of function of some aspects of immunity such as elevated inflammation and increased incidence of autoimmunity. Of the many factors that contribute to immunosenescence, DNA damage is emerging as a key candidate. In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting the hypothesis that DNA damage may be a central driver of immunosenescence through senescence of both immune cells and cells of non-haematopoietic lineages. We explore why DNA damage accumulates during ageing in a major cell type, T cells, and how this may drive age-related immune dysfunction. We further propose that existing immunosenescence interventions may act, at least in part, by mitigating DNA damage and restoring DNA repair processes (which we term "genoprotection"). As such, we propose additional treatments on the basis of their evidence for genoprotection, and further suggest that this approach may provide a viable therapeutic strategy for improving immunity in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Kell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Botnar Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ghada Alsaleh
- Botnar Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lynne S. Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Laphanuwat P, Gomes DCO, Akbar AN. Senescent T cells: Beneficial and detrimental roles. Immunol Rev 2023; 316:160-175. [PMID: 37098109 PMCID: PMC10952287 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
As the thymus involutes during aging, the T-cell pool has to be maintained by the periodic expansion of preexisting T cells during adulthood. A conundrum is that repeated episodes of activation and proliferation drive the differentiation of T cells toward replicative senescence, due to telomere erosion. This review discusses mechanisms that regulate the end-stage differentiation (senescence) of T cells. Although these cells, within both CD4 and CD8 compartments, lose proliferative activity after antigen-specific challenge, they acquire innate-like immune function. While this may confer broad immune protection during aging, these senescent T cells may also cause immunopathology, especially in the context of excessive inflammation in tissue microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phatthamon Laphanuwat
- Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen UniversityKhon KaenThailand
| | - Daniel Claudio Oliveira Gomes
- Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Núcleo de Doenças InfecciosasUniversidade Federal do Espírito SantoVitoriaBrazil
- Núcleo de BiotecnologiaUniversidade Federal do Espírito SantoVitoriaBrazil
| | - Arne N. Akbar
- Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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Weng NP. Transcriptome-based measurement of CD8 + T cell age and its applications. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:542-550. [PMID: 37248098 PMCID: PMC10330598 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The ability of T cells to undergo robust cell division in response to antigenic stimulation is essential for competent T cell function. However, this ability is reduced with aging and contributes to increased susceptibility to infectious diseases, cancers, and other diseases among older adults. To better understand T cell aging, improved measurements of age-related cellular changes in T cells are necessary. The recent development of machine learning (ML)-assisted transcriptome-based quantification of individual CD8+ T cell age represents a significant step forward in this regard. It reveals both prominent and subtle changes in gene expression and points to potential functional alterations of CD8+ T cells with aging. I argue that single-cell transcriptome-based age prediction in the immune system may have promising future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Ping Weng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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21
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Jacenik D, Lebish EJ, Beswick EJ. MK2 drives progression of pancreas and colon cancers by suppressing CD8 + T cell cytotoxic function and is a potential immunotherapy target. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1212100. [PMID: 37415974 PMCID: PMC10321668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immune cell composition is a critical and dynamic component of the tumor microenvironment, which has an impact on immunosuppression and progression of cancer. T cells, especially CD8+ T cells, are one of the major immune cell types responsible for tumor cell killing employing receptor-ligand mediated apoptosis and/or releasing lytic granules among others. Accumulating evidence highlighted that adoptive transfer of activated and/or modified immune cells can enhance anti-tumorigenic immune responses and serve as promising therapy approach for patients with cancers. The mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) is a serine/threonine protein kinase, which controls production and secretion of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines involved in tumorigenesis. However, limited efforts have been made to learn how MK2 may affects CD8+ T cell action and function in the tumor microenvironment especially in gastrointestinal cancers. Methods To explore the therapeutic potential of MK2 in the immune response mediated by CD8+ T cells, RAG1 knockout mice with PK5L1940 and BRAF cells-derived allograft tumors were treated with WT or MK2 knockout CD8+ T cells. The phenotype of CD8+ T cells with MK2 depletion were evaluated in vitro. Immunofluorescence staining, real-time PCR and multiplex analysis were utilized to estimate the expression of apoptotic and lytic factors. Results Here, we show that CD8+ T cells with MK2 depletion prevent gastrointestinal cancer growth, which is accompanied by enhanced expression and secretion of factors related to apoptosis. Moreover, using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we found that depletion of MK2 lead to hyperactivation of CD8+ T cells and enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Conclusion Overall, we documented that MK2 drives the progression of gastrointestinal cancers and prevents immune response generated by CD8+ T cells suggesting potential implications of MK2 in the immunotherapy of gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Jacenik
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Eric J. Lebish
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Ellen J. Beswick
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Ye M, Huang X, Wu Q, Liu F. Senescent Stromal Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment: Victims or Accomplices? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071927. [PMID: 37046588 PMCID: PMC10093305 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a unique cellular state. Senescent cells enter a non-proliferative phase, and the cell cycle is arrested. However, senescence is essentially an active cellular phenotype, with senescent cells affecting themselves and neighboring cells via autocrine and paracrine patterns. A growing body of research suggests that the dysregulation of senescent stromal cells in the microenvironment is tightly associated with the development of a variety of complex cancers. The role of senescent stromal cells in impacting the cancer cell and tumor microenvironment has also attracted the attention of researchers. In this review, we summarize the generation of senescent stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment and their specific biological functions. By concluding the signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms by which senescent stromal cells promote tumor progression, distant metastasis, immune infiltration, and therapy resistance, this paper suggests that senescent stromal cells may serve as potential targets for drug therapy, thus providing new clues for future related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qianju Wu
- Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiamen 361008, China
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Lu Y, Ruan Y, Hong P, Rui K, Liu Q, Wang S, Cui D. T-cell senescence: A crucial player in autoimmune diseases. Clin Immunol 2023; 248:109202. [PMID: 36470338 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Senescent T cells are proliferative disabled lymphocytes that lack antigen-specific responses. The development of T-cell senescence in autoimmune diseases contributes to immunological disorders and disease progression. Senescent T cells lack costimulatory markers with the reduction of T cell receptor repertoire and the uptake of natural killer cell receptors. Senescent T cells exert cytotoxic effects through the expression of perforin, granzymes, tumor necrosis factor, and other molecules without the antigen-presenting process. DNA damage accumulation, telomere damage, and limited DNA repair capacity are important features of senescent T cells. Impaired mitochondrial function and accumulation of reactive oxygen species contribute to T cell senescence. Alleviation of T-cell senescence could provide potential targets for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyun Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yongchun Ruan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Pan Hong
- Department of Hematology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Ke Rui
- Department of Transfusion, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Dawei Cui
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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24
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Rodríguez IJ, Bernal-Estévez DA, Llano-León M, Bonilla CE, Parra-López CA. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy modulates exhaustion of T cells in breast cancer patients. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280851. [PMID: 36763585 PMCID: PMC9916600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide. It has been observed that the incidence of breast cancer increases linearly with age after 45, which suggest a link between cancer, aging, and senescence. A growing body of evidence indicates that the immunosuppressive tumor network in breast cancer patients can lead to T-cell exhaustion and senescence. Cytotoxic chemotherapy is a common treatment for many cancers, and it is hypothesized that its efficacy may be related to immune activation. However, the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on T-cell dysfunction in breast cancer patients are not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the expression of exhaustion and senescence markers in T cells in women with breast cancer. Our results showed that T cells from breast cancer patients have a reduced ability to respond to stimulation in-vitro and an increased expression of senescence and exhaustion-associated markers, such as TIM-3, LAG3, and CD57. Furthermore, we found that neoadjuvant chemotherapy has an immunomodulatory effect and reduces the expression of exhaustion markers. Our observations of the immune phenotype of T cells during neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment highlight its ability to stimulate the immune system against cancer. Therefore, monitoring the response of T cells during chemotherapy may enable early prediction of clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivon Johanna Rodríguez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Departamento de Movimiento Corporal Humano, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - David A. Bernal-Estévez
- Immunology and Clinical Oncology Research Group (GIIOC), Fundación Salud de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuela Llano-León
- Departamento de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Carlos Alberto Parra-López
- Departamento de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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25
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Li H, Zhao A, Li M, Shi L, Han Q, Hou Z. Targeting T-cell metabolism to boost immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1046755. [PMID: 36569893 PMCID: PMC9768337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1046755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promising therapeutic effects in the treatment of advanced solid cancers, but their overall response rate is still very low for certain tumor subtypes, limiting their clinical scope. Moreover, the high incidence of drug resistance (including primary and acquired) and adverse effects pose significant challenges to the utilization of these therapies in the clinic. ICIs enhance T cell activation and reverse T cell exhaustion, which is a complex and multifactorial process suggesting that the regulatory mechanisms of ICI therapy are highly heterogeneous. Recently, metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a novel means of reversing T-cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment; there is increasing evidence that T cell metabolic disruption limits the therapeutic effect of ICIs. This review focuses on the crosstalk between T-cell metabolic reprogramming and ICI therapeutic efficacy, and summarizes recent strategies to improve drug tolerance and enhance anti-tumor effects by targeting T-cell metabolism alongside ICI therapy. The identification of potential targets for altering T-cell metabolism can significantly contribute to the development of methods to predict therapeutic responsiveness in patients receiving ICI therapy, which are currently unknown but would be of great clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Li
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Alison Zhao
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Menghua Li
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lizhi Shi
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuju Han
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Qiuju Han, ; Zhaohua Hou,
| | - Zhaohua Hou
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Qiuju Han, ; Zhaohua Hou,
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26
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Kim CM, Lee JB, Shin SJ, Ahn JB, Lee M, Kim HS. The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in elderly patients: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100577. [PMID: 36156450 PMCID: PMC9588901 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has improved patient survival in advanced cancers; however, the efficacy of ICIs in elderly patients is still elusive. This study assessed the efficacy of ICIs in elderly patients with advanced cancer in terms of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Materials and methods We carried out a systematic review and identified 30 head-to-head phase II/III randomized controlled trials that compared immunotherapy with the standard of care in advanced solid tumor patients. The data on patients younger or over 65 years of age were indexed from PubMed-Medline, Embase, and Scopus and obtained for meta-analysis. The subgroup analyses were stratified by primary tumor type, line of treatment, or type of immunotherapy, and a meta-regression analysis was carried out after adjusting for all other variables. Results The study included 17 476 patients, comprising 58% (10 119) younger (<65 years old) and 42% (7357) elderly (≥65 years old) patients. The hazard ratio (HR) for OS was 0.77 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70-0.85] and 0.77 (95% CI 0.70-0.85) in the younger and elderly groups, respectively, suggesting similar efficacies of ICIs in these two age groups. The subgroup analyses revealed no significant relationship between age and treatment outcomes, except for the PFS benefit in younger patients with melanoma than in elderly patients (HR 0.44 in younger patients versus 0.65 in elderly patients, P = 0.04). These results were further supported by meta-regression analysis, which showed no statistically significant difference in OS (P = 0.954) and PFS (P = 0.555) between the two age groups. Conclusions The findings suggest that age-associated impairments of the immune system did not affect the efficacy of ICIs in elderly patients compared to younger patients. Therefore, the choice of ICIs for elderly patients can be considered, regardless of chronological age. We evaluated the efficacy of ICI in 17 476 patients, comprising 58% younger and 42% elderly patients. Meta-analysis resulted in the comparable efficacy of ICI between younger and older age groups. Further, meta-regression analysis showed no significant difference in OS and PFS. Our study suggests that chronological age does not lead to immunosenescence in response to ICI in immune-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - J B Lee
- Lung Cancer Clinic, Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul
| | - S J Shin
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - J B Ahn
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - M Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul.
| | - H S Kim
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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27
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Juarez I, Su S, Herbert ZT, Teijaro JR, Moulton VR. Splicing factor SRSF1 is essential for CD8 T cell function and host antigen-specific viral immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:906355. [PMID: 36189299 PMCID: PMC9523749 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.906355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD8 T cells are crucial for the host antigen-specific immune response to viral pathogens. Here we report the identification of an essential role for the serine/arginine-rich splicing factor (SRSF) 1 in CD8 T cell homeostasis and function. Specifically, SRSF1 is necessary for the maintenance of normal CD8 T lymphocyte numbers in the lymphoid compartment, and for the proliferative capacity and cytotoxic function of CD8 T cells. Furthermore, SRSF1 is required for antigen-specific IFN-γ cytokine responses in a viral infection challenge in mice. Transcriptomics analyses of Srsf1-deficient T cells reveal that SRSF1 controls proliferation, MAP kinase signaling and IFN signaling pathways. Mechanistically, SRSF1 controls the expression and activity of the Mnk2/p38-MAPK axis at the molecular level. Our findings reveal previously unrecognized roles for SRSF1 in the physiology and function of cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes and a potential molecular mechanism in viral immunopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Juarez
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shi Su
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zachary T. Herbert
- Molecular Biology Core Facilities at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John R. Teijaro
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Vaishali R. Moulton
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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28
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Garnica M, Aiello A, Ligotti ME, Accardi G, Arasanz H, Bocanegra A, Blanco E, Calabrò A, Chocarro L, Echaide M, Kochan G, Fernandez-Rubio L, Ramos P, Pojero F, Zareian N, Piñeiro-Hermida S, Farzaneh F, Candore G, Caruso C, Escors D. How Can We Improve the Vaccination Response in Older People? Part II: Targeting Immunosenescence of Adaptive Immunity Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9797. [PMID: 36077216 PMCID: PMC9456031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of people that are 65 years old or older has been increasing due to the improvement in medicine and public health. However, this trend is not accompanied by an increase in quality of life, and this population is vulnerable to most illnesses, especially to infectious diseases. Vaccination is the best strategy to prevent this fact, but older people present a less efficient response, as their immune system is weaker due mainly to a phenomenon known as immunosenescence. The adaptive immune system is constituted by two types of lymphocytes, T and B cells, and the function and fitness of these cell populations are affected during ageing. Here, we review the impact of ageing on T and B cells and discuss the approaches that have been described or proposed to modulate and reverse the decline of the ageing adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maider Garnica
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Hugo Arasanz
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Bocanegra
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ester Blanco
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anna Calabrò
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Chocarro
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Echaide
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Grazyna Kochan
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leticia Fernandez-Rubio
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pablo Ramos
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fanny Pojero
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nahid Zareian
- The Rayne Institute, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Farzin Farzaneh
- The Rayne Institute, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - David Escors
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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29
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Jo N, Zhang R, Ueno H, Yamamoto T, Weiskopf D, Nagao M, Yamanaka S, Hamazaki Y. Aging and CMV Infection Affect Pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-Reactive CD8 + T Cells in Unexposed Individuals. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:719342. [PMID: 35822004 PMCID: PMC9261342 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.719342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Age is a major risk factor for COVID-19 severity, and T cells play a central role in anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity. Because SARS-CoV-2-cross-reactive T cells have been detected in unexposed individuals, we investigated the age-related differences in pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells. SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4+ T cells from young and elderly individuals were mainly detected in the central memory fraction and exhibited similar functionalities and numbers. Naïve-phenotype SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD8+ T cell populations decreased markedly in the elderly, while those with terminally differentiated and senescent phenotypes increased. Furthermore, senescent SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD8+ T cell populations were higher in cytomegalovirus seropositive young individuals compared to seronegative ones. Our findings suggest that age-related differences in pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD8+ T cells may explain the poor outcomes in elderly patients and that cytomegalovirus infection is a potential factor affecting CD8+ T cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, this study provides insights for developing effective therapeutic and vaccination strategies for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihide Jo
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Alliance Laboratory for Advanced Medical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Miki Nagao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yoko Hamazaki
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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30
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Damian L, Login CC, Solomon C, Belizna C, Encica S, Urian L, Jurcut C, Stancu B, Vulturar R. Inclusion Body Myositis and Neoplasia: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137358. [PMID: 35806366 PMCID: PMC9266341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is an acquired, late-onset inflammatory myopathy, with both inflammatory and degenerative pathogenesis. Although idiopathic inflammatory myopathies may be associated with malignancies, IBM is generally not considered paraneoplastic. Many studies of malignancy in inflammatory myopathies did not include IBM patients. Indeed, IBM is often diagnosed only after around 5 years from onset, while paraneoplastic myositis is generally defined as the co-occurrence of malignancy and myopathy within 1 to 3 years of each other. Nevertheless, a significant association with large granular lymphocyte leukemia has been recently described in IBM, and there are reports of cancer-associated IBM. We review the pathogenic mechanisms supposed to be involved in IBM and outline the common mechanisms in IBM and malignancy, as well as the therapeutic perspectives. The terminally differentiated, CD8+ highly cytotoxic T cells expressing NK features are central in the pathogenesis of IBM and, paradoxically, play a role in some cancers as well. Interferon gamma plays a central role, mostly during the early stages of the disease. The secondary mitochondrial dysfunction, the autophagy and cell cycle dysregulation, and the crosstalk between metabolic and mitogenic pathways could be shared by IBM and cancer. There are intermingled subcellular mechanisms in IBM and neoplasia, and probably their co-existence is underestimated. The link between IBM and cancers deserves further interest, in order to search for efficient therapies in IBM and to improve muscle function, life quality, and survival in both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Damian
- Centre for Rare Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases (ERN-ReCONNET), Department of Rheumatology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- CMI Reumatologie Dr. Damian, 6-8 Petru Maior St., 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Cezar Login
- Department of Physiology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Carolina Solomon
- Radiology Department, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Radiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Belizna
- UMR CNRS 6015—INSERM U1083, University of Angers, 49100 Angers, France;
- Internal Medicine Department Clinique de l’Anjou, Angers and Vascular and Coagulation Department, University Hospital Angers, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Svetlana Encica
- Department of Pathology, “Niculae Stancioiu” Heart Institute Cluj-Napoca, 19-21 Calea Moților St., 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Laura Urian
- Department of Hematology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400004 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, 400014 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ciprian Jurcut
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Calea Plevnei No 134, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Stancu
- 2nd Surgical Department, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Romana Vulturar
- Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University “Babes-Bolyai” Cluj-Napoca, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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31
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Guan L, Crasta KC, Maier AB. Assessment of cell cycle regulators in human peripheral blood cells as markers of cellular senescence. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101634. [PMID: 35460888 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence has gained increasing interest during recent years, particularly due to causal involvement in the aging process corroborated by multiple experimental findings. Indeed, cellular senescence considered to be one of the hallmarks of aging, is defined as a stable growth arrest predominantly mediated by cell cycle regulators p53, p21 and p16. Senescent cells have frequently been studied in the peripheral blood of humans due to its accessibility. This review summarizes ex vivo studies describing cell cycle regulators as markers of senescence in human peripheral blood cells, along with detection methodologies and associative studies examining demographic and clinical characteristics. The utility of techniques such as the quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), microarray, RNA sequencing and nCounter technologies for detection at the transcriptional level, along with Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry at the translational level, will be brought up at salient points throughout this review. Notably, housekeeping genes or proteins serving as controls such as GAPDH and β-Actin, were found not to be stably expressed in some contexts. As such, optimization and validation of such genes during experimental design were recommended. In addition, the expression of cell cycle regulators was found to vary not only between different types of blood cells such as T cells and B cells but also between stages of cellular differentiation such as naïve T cells and highly differentiated T cells. On the other hand, the associations of the presence of cell cycle regulators with demographics (age, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status), clinical characteristics (body mass index, specific diseases, disease-related parameters) and lifestyle vary in groups of participants. One envisions that increased understanding and insights into the assessment of cell cycle regulators as markers of senescence in human peripheral blood cells will help inform prognostication and clinical intervention in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihuan Guan
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Karen C Crasta
- Healthy Longevity Translational Researc h Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A⁎STAR), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Singapore.
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Healthy Longevity Translational Researc h Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, the Netherlands.
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32
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Pieren DKJ, Smits NAM, Postel RJ, Kandiah V, de Wit J, van Beek J, van Baarle D, Guichelaar T. Co-Expression of TIGIT and Helios Marks Immunosenescent CD8+ T Cells During Aging. Front Immunol 2022; 13:833531. [PMID: 35651622 PMCID: PMC9148977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.833531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to alterations in the immune system that result in ineffective responsiveness against pathogens. Features of this process, collectively known as immunosenescence, accumulate in CD8+ T cells with age and have been ascribed to differentiation of these cells during the course of life. Here we aimed to identify novel markers in CD8+ T cells associated with immunosenescence. Furthermore, we assessed how these markers relate to the aging-related accumulation of highly differentiated CD27-CD28- cells. We found that co-expression of the transcription factor Helios and the aging-related marker TIGIT identifies CD8+ T cells that fail to proliferate and show impaired induction of activation markers CD69 and CD25 in response to stimulation in vitro. Despite this, in blood of older adults we found TIGIT+Helios+ T cells to become highly activated during an influenza-A virus infection, but these higher frequencies of activated TIGIT+Helios+ T cells associate with longer duration of coughing. Moreover, in healthy individuals, we found that TIGIT+Helios+ CD8+ T cells accumulate with age in the highly differentiated CD27-CD28- population. Interestingly, TIGIT+Helios+ CD8+ T cells also accumulate with age among the less differentiated CD27+CD28- T cells before their transit into the highly differentiated CD27-CD28- stage. This finding suggests that T cells with immunosenescent features become prominent at old age also within the earlier differentiation states of these cells. Our findings show that co-expression of TIGIT and Helios refines the definition of immunosenescent CD8+ T cells and challenge the current dogma of late differentiation stage as proxy for T-cell immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan K. J. Pieren
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Noortje A. M. Smits
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Rimke J. Postel
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Vinitha Kandiah
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Jelle de Wit
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Josine van Beek
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Teun Guichelaar
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Teun Guichelaar,
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Širvinskas D, Omrani O, Lu J, Rasa M, Krepelova A, Adam L, Kaeppel S, Sommer F, Neri F. Single-cell atlas of the aging mouse colon. iScience 2022; 25:104202. [PMID: 35479413 PMCID: PMC9035718 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed massive single-cell sequencing in the aging mouse colonic epithelium and immune cells. We identified novel compartment-specific markers as well as dramatic aging-associated changes in cell composition and signaling pathways, including a shift from absorptive to secretory epithelial cells, depletion of naive lymphocytes, and induction of eIF2 signaling. Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of death within the western world, incidence of which increases with age. The colonic epithelium is a rapidly renewing tissue, tasked with water and nutrient absorption, as well as hosting intestinal microbes. The colonic submucosa is populated with immune cells interacting with and regulating the epithelial cells. However, it is unknown whether compartment-specific changes occur during aging and what impact this would cause. We show that both epithelial and immune cells differ significantly between colonic compartments and experience significant age-related changes in mice. We found a shift in the absorptive-secretory cell balance, possibly linked to age-associated intestinal disturbances, such as malabsorption. We demonstrate marked changes in aging immune cells: population shifts and interactions with epithelial cells, linking cytokines (Ifn-γ, Il1B) with the aging of colonic epithelium. Our results provide new insights into the normal and age-associated states of the colon. Mouse colon shows compartment-specific transcriptional and population differences Old animal colon switches to a pro-inflammatory state Changes in epithelium linked to changes in tissue-resident immune cells
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omid Omrani
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jing Lu
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mahdi Rasa
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Anna Krepelova
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa Adam
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra Kaeppel
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix Sommer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Francesco Neri
- Institute on Aging Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- Corresponding author
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Titov A, Kaminskiy Y, Ganeeva I, Zmievskaya E, Valiullina A, Rakhmatullina A, Petukhov A, Miftakhova R, Rizvanov A, Bulatov E. Knowns and Unknowns about CAR-T Cell Dysfunction. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1078. [PMID: 35205827 PMCID: PMC8870103 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells is a promising option for cancer treatment. However, T cells and CAR-T cells frequently become dysfunctional in cancer, where numerous evasion mechanisms impair antitumor immunity. Cancer frequently exploits intrinsic T cell dysfunction mechanisms that evolved for the purpose of defending against autoimmunity. T cell exhaustion is the most studied type of T cell dysfunction. It is characterized by impaired proliferation and cytokine secretion and is often misdefined solely by the expression of the inhibitory receptors. Another type of dysfunction is T cell senescence, which occurs when T cells permanently arrest their cell cycle and proliferation while retaining cytotoxic capability. The first section of this review provides a broad overview of T cell dysfunctional states, including exhaustion and senescence; the second section is focused on the impact of T cell dysfunction on the CAR-T therapeutic potential. Finally, we discuss the recent efforts to mitigate CAR-T cell exhaustion, with an emphasis on epigenetic and transcriptional modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Titov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Centre for Hematology, 125167 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yaroslav Kaminskiy
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Centre for Hematology, 125167 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Ganeeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Zmievskaya
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Aygul Valiullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Aygul Rakhmatullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexey Petukhov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Hematology, Almazov National Medical Research Center, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Regina Miftakhova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Emil Bulatov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Lyu N, Yi JZ, Zhao M. Immunotherapy in older patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2021; 162:76-98. [PMID: 34954439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of cancer globally and is currently the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Recently, immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been shown with encouraging anticancer activity and safety in clinical trials. To reverse the phenomenon of tumours evading immune response, ICIs can be used to stimulate the natural antitumour potential of cancer cells by blocking the relevant checkpoints to activate T cells. However, the components and functions of the immune system may undergo a series of changes with ageing, known as 'immunosenescence,' potentially affecting the antitumour effect and safety of immunotherapy. In the current phase III clinical trials of ICIs including nivolumab, pembrolizumab and atezolizumab, the proportion of patients with HCC older than 65 years in CheckMate 459, KEYNOTE-240 and IMbrave150 is 51%, 58% and 50%, respectively, which is less than 70%-73% of epidemiological investigation. Therefore, the elderly population recruited in clinical trials may not accurately represent the real-world elderly patients with HCC, which affects the extrapolation of the efficacy and safety profile obtained in clinical trials to the elderly population in the real world. This review provides the latest advances in ICIs immuno-treatment available for HCC and relevant information about their therapeutic effects and safety on elderly patients. We discuss the benefits of ICIs for older HCC patients, and relevant recommendations about conducting further clinical trials are proposed for more complete answers to this clinical issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lyu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Liver Cancer Study and Service Group, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Zhe Yi
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Liver Cancer Study and Service Group, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Visram A, Kourelis TV. Aging-associated immune system changes in multiple myeloma: The dark side of the moon. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 29:100494. [PMID: 34837796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease of the elderly. Changes that occur in the immune system with aging, also known as immunosenescence, have been associated with decreased tumor immunosurveillance and are thought to contribute to the development of MM and other cancers in the elderly. Once MM establishes itself in the bone marrow, immunosenescence related changes have been observed in the immune tumor microenvironment (iTME) and are driven by the malignant cells. The efficacy of novel immunotherapies used to treat MM has been blunted by detrimental iTME changes that occur at later disease stages and are, to some extent, driven by prior therapies. In this review, we discuss general changes that occur in the immune system with aging as well as our current knowledge of immunosenescence in MM. We discuss the differences and overlap between T cell senescence and exhaustion as well as potential methods to prevent or reverse immunosenescence. We focus predominantly on T cell immunosenescence which has been better evaluated in this disease and is more pertinent to novel MM immunotherapies. Our lack of understanding of the drivers of immunosenescence at each stage of the disease, from precursor stages to heavily pretreated MM, represents a major barrier to improving the efficacy of novel and existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Visram
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taxiarchis V Kourelis
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN United States.
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37
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Smith PL, Piadel K, Dalgleish AG. Directing T-Cell Immune Responses for Cancer Vaccination and Immunotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1392. [PMID: 34960140 PMCID: PMC8708201 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccination and immunotherapy revolutionised the treatment of cancer, a result of decades of research into the immune system in health and disease. However, despite recent breakthroughs in treating otherwise terminal cancer, only a minority of patients respond to cancer immunotherapy and some cancers are largely refractive to immunotherapy treatment. This is due to numerous issues intrinsic to the tumour, its microenvironment, or the immune system. CD4+ and CD8+ αβ T-cells emerged as the primary effector cells of the anti-tumour immune response but their function in cancer patients is often compromised. This review details the mechanisms by which T-cell responses are hindered in the setting of cancer and refractive to immunotherapy, and details many of the approaches under investigation to direct T-cell function and improve the efficacy of cancer vaccination and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lawrence Smith
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. Georges University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK; (K.P.); (A.G.D.)
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Shirakawa K, Sano M. T Cell Immunosenescence in Aging, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092435. [PMID: 34572084 PMCID: PMC8464832 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although advances in preventive medicine have greatly improved prognosis, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. This clearly indicates that there remain residual cardiovascular risks that have not been targeted by conventional therapies. The results of multiple animal studies and clinical trials clearly indicate that inflammation is the most important residual risk and a potential target for CVD prevention. The immune cell network is intricately regulated to maintain homeostasis. Ageing associated changes to the immune system occurs in both innate and adaptive immune cells, however T cells are most susceptible to this process. T-cell changes due to thymic degeneration and homeostatic proliferation, metabolic abnormalities, telomere length shortening, and epigenetic changes associated with aging and obesity may not only reduce normal immune function, but also induce inflammatory tendencies, a process referred to as immunosenescence. Since the disruption of biological homeostasis by T cell immunosenescence is closely related to the development and progression of CVD via inflammation, senescent T cells are attracting attention as a new therapeutic target. In this review, we discuss the relationship between CVD and T cell immunosenescence associated with aging and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohsuke Shirakawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138421, Japan;
| | - Motoaki Sano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 1608582, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-(3)-5363-3874
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Kaiser M, Semeraro MD, Herrmann M, Absenger G, Gerger A, Renner W. Immune Aging and Immunotherapy in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7016. [PMID: 34209842 PMCID: PMC8269421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune functions decline as we age, while the incidence of cancer rises. The advent of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has not only revolutionized cancer therapy, but also spawned great interest in identifying predictive biomarkers, since only one third of patients show treatment response. The aging process extensively affects the adaptive immune system and thus T cells, which are the main target of ICB. In this review, we address age-related changes regarding the adaptive immune system with a focus on T cells and their implication on carcinogenesis and ICB. Differences between senescence, exhaustion, and anergy are defined and current knowledge, treatment strategies, and studies exploring T cell aging as a biomarker for ICB are discussed. Finally, novel approaches to improve immunotherapies and to identify biomarkers of response to ICB are presented and their potential is assessed in a comparative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Kaiser
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.D.S.); (M.H.); (W.R.)
| | - Maria Donatella Semeraro
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.D.S.); (M.H.); (W.R.)
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.D.S.); (M.H.); (W.R.)
| | - Gudrun Absenger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Armin Gerger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Wilfried Renner
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.D.S.); (M.H.); (W.R.)
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40
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Grassi F, De Ponte Conti B. The P2X7 Receptor in Tumor Immunity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:694831. [PMID: 34239877 PMCID: PMC8258391 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.694831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) is a potent mediator of the immune response via stimulation of purinergic P2 receptors. ATP concentration in the extracellular space increases dramatically during tissue damage and eATP acts as a danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) to alert innate immune system cells for tissue repair. Similarly, eATP is present at hundreds of micromolar concentration in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, its impact on antitumor immune response is still not well established, probably because of the complexity of the responses it induces in different cells constituting the TME. On one hand, ATP released by tumor cells concomitantly to cell death can contribute to immunogenic cell death (ICD) that is proinflammatory for the innate immune compartment and beneficial for tumor control, while on the other hand, eATP can foster immune-suppressive mechanisms within the TME, thus contributing to tumor progression and metastasis. It is well established that T-cell immunity is pivotal in limiting tumor growth and possibly eradicating neoplastic cells. T cells are limited though in their antitumor activity through different mechanisms, such as exhaustion, anergy, and senescence; the pathways resulting in these cellular outcomes are not clear. Here, we review the function of P2X7 receptor in conditioning T cell-dependent immunity against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Grassi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Benedetta De Ponte Conti
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Senescent T cells: a potential biomarker and target for cancer therapy. EBioMedicine 2021; 68:103409. [PMID: 34049248 PMCID: PMC8170103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The failure of T cells to eradicate tumour cells in the tumour microenvironment is mainly due to the dysfunction of T cells. Senescent T cells, with defects in proliferation and effector functions, accumulate in ageing, chronic viral infections, and autoimmune disorders where antigen stimulation persists. Increasing evidence suggests that inducing T cell senescence is a key strategy used by malignant tumours to evade immune surveillance. In this review, we summarize the general features, functional regulation, and signalling network of senescent T cells in tumour development and highlight their potential as prognostic biomarkers in multiple cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Moreover, we discuss possible therapeutic strategies for preventing or rejuvenating senescence in tumour-specific T cells. Understanding these critical issues may provide novel strategies to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
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42
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ElTanbouly MA, Noelle RJ. Rethinking peripheral T cell tolerance: checkpoints across a T cell's journey. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:257-267. [PMID: 33077935 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-00454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Following their exit from the thymus, T cells are endowed with potent effector functions but must spare host tissue from harm. The fate of these cells is dictated by a series of checkpoints that regulate the quality and magnitude of T cell-mediated immunity, known as tolerance checkpoints. In this Perspective, we discuss the mediators and networks that control the six main peripheral tolerance checkpoints throughout the life of a T cell: quiescence, ignorance, anergy, exhaustion, senescence and death. At the naive T cell stage, two intrinsic checkpoints that actively maintain tolerance are quiescence and ignorance. In the presence of co-stimulation-deficient T cell activation, anergy is a dominant hallmark that mandates T cell unresponsiveness. When T cells are successfully stimulated and reach the effector stage, exhaustion and senescence can limit excessive inflammation and prevent immunopathology. At every stage of the T cell's journey, cell death exists as a checkpoint to limit clonal expansion and to terminate unrestrained responses. Here, we compare and contrast the T cell tolerance checkpoints and discuss their specific roles, with the aim of providing an integrated view of T cell peripheral tolerance and fate regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A ElTanbouly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Randolph J Noelle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
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43
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Garcia de Moura R, Covre LP, Fantecelle CH, Gajardo VAT, Cunha CB, Stringari LL, Belew AT, Daniel CB, Zeidler SVV, Tadokoro CE, de Matos Guedes HL, Zanotti RL, Mosser D, Falqueto A, Akbar AN, Gomes DCO. PD-1 Blockade Modulates Functional Activities of Exhausted-Like T Cell in Patients With Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:632667. [PMID: 33767700 PMCID: PMC7985249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.632667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients infected by Leishmania braziliensis develop debilitating skin lesions. The role of inhibitory checkpoint receptors (ICRs) that induce T cell exhaustion during this disease is not known. Transcriptional profiling identified increased expression of ICRs including PD-1, PDL-1, PDL-2, TIM-3, and CTLA-4 in skin lesions of patients that was confirmed by immunohistology where there was increased expression of PD-1, TIM-3, and CTLA-4 in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Moreover, PDL-1/PDL-2 ligands were increased on skin macrophages compared to healthy controls. The proportions PD1+, but not TIM-3 or CTLA-4 expressing T cells in the circulation were positively correlated with those in the lesions of the same patients, suggesting that PD-1 may regulate T cell function equally in both compartments. Blocking PD-1 signaling in circulating T cells enhanced their proliferative capacity and IFN-γ production, but not TNF-α secretion in response to L. braziliensis recall antigen challenge in vitro. While we previously showed a significant correlation between the accumulation of senescent CD8+CD45RA+CD27- T cells in the circulation and skin lesion size in the patients, there was no such correlation between the extent of PD-1 expression by circulating on T cells and the magnitude of skin lesions suggesting that exhausted-like T cells may not contribute to the cutaneous immunopathology. Nevertheless, we identified exhausted-like T cells in both skin lesions and in the blood. Targeting this population by PD-1 blockade may improve T cell function and thus accelerate parasite clearance that would reduce the cutaneous pathology in cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Garcia de Moura
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Luciana Polaco Covre
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil,Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Carla Baroni Cunha
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | | | - Ashton Trey Belew
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | | | | | | | - Herbert Leonel de Matos Guedes
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - David Mosser
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Aloisio Falqueto
- Departamento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Arne N. Akbar
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Claudio Oliveira Gomes
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil,Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil,*Correspondence: Daniel Claudio Oliveira Gomes,
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Lioulios G, Fylaktou A, Papagianni A, Stangou M. T cell markers recount the course of immunosenescence in healthy individuals and chronic kidney disease. Clin Immunol 2021; 225:108685. [PMID: 33549833 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging results in substantial changes in almost all cellular subpopulations within the immune system, including functional and phenotypic alterations. T lymphocytes, as the main representative population of cellular immunity, have been extensively studied in terms of modifications and adjustments during aging. Phenotypic alterations are attributed to three main mechanisms; a reduction of naïve T cell population with a shift to more differentiated forms, a subsequent oligoclonal expansion of naïve T cells characterized by repertoire restriction, and replicative insufficiency after repetitive activation. These changes and the subsequent phenotypic disorders are comprised in the term "immunosenescence". Similar changes seem to occur in chronic kidney disease, with T cells of young patients resembling those of healthy older individuals. A broad range of surface markers can be utilized to identify immunosenescent T cells. In this review, we will discuss the most important senescence markers and their potential connection with impaired renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Lioulios
- Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Asimina Fylaktou
- Department of Immunology, National Peripheral Histocompatibility Center, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Papagianni
- Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Stangou
- Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Rodriguez IJ, Lalinde Ruiz N, Llano León M, Martínez Enríquez L, Montilla Velásquez MDP, Ortiz Aguirre JP, Rodríguez Bohórquez OM, Velandia Vargas EA, Hernández ED, Parra López CA. Immunosenescence Study of T Cells: A Systematic Review. Front Immunol 2021; 11:604591. [PMID: 33519813 PMCID: PMC7843425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is accompanied by alterations in immune response which leads to increased susceptibility to infectious diseases, cancer, autoimmunity, and inflammatory disorders. This decline in immune function is termed as immunosenescence; however, the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Experimental approaches of adaptive immunity, particularly for T cells, have been the main focus of immunosenescence research. This systematic review evaluates and discusses T cell markers implicated in immunosenescence. Objective To determine the best flow cytometry markers of circulating T cells associated with immunosenescence. Methods We systematically queried PubMed, MEDLINE, EBSCO, and BVS databases for original articles focused on two age groups of healthy humans: 18–44 (young adults) and >60 (older adults) years. In accordance with the Cochrane methodology, we synthesized data through qualitative descriptions and quantitative random effects meta-analysis due to extensive heterogeneity. Results A total of 36 studies conducted in the last 20 years were included for the qualitative analysis and four out of these studies were used to perform the meta-analysis. A significant decrease in naïve T cell subset was observed in older adults compared to young adults. Primary markers used to identify senescent cells were loss of CD28 and increased expression of CD57 and KLRG1 in terminally-differentiated memory T cell subset in older adults. Moreover, we observed an increase in proinflammatory cytokines and decrease in telomere length in old adult T cells. It was not possible to perform quantitative synthesis on cell markers, cytokines, and telomere length because of the significant variations between the groups, which is attributed to differences in protocols and unreported measurements, thus generating a high risk of bias. Conclusions Heterogeneity among studies in terms of data report, measurement techniques and high risk of bias were major impediments for performing a robust statistical analysis that could aid the identification of eligible flow cytometry markers of immunosenescence phenotype in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivon Johanna Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y medicina traslacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,Departamento de Movimiento Corporal Humano, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nicolás Lalinde Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y medicina traslacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuela Llano León
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y medicina traslacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura Martínez Enríquez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y medicina traslacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Juan Pablo Ortiz Aguirre
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y medicina traslacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Esteban Alejandro Velandia Vargas
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y medicina traslacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Edgar Debray Hernández
- Departamento de Movimiento Corporal Humano, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Alberto Parra López
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y medicina traslacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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46
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Covre LP, De Maeyer RPH, Gomes DCO, Akbar AN. The role of senescent T cells in immunopathology. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13272. [PMID: 33166035 PMCID: PMC7744956 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of senescence in tissues of different organs and in the immune system are usually investigated independently of each other although during ageing, senescence in both cellular systems develop concurrently. Senescent T cells are highly inflammatory and secrete cytotoxic mediators and express natural killer cells receptors (NKR) that bypass their antigen specificity. Instead they recognize stress ligands that are induced by inflammation or infection of different cell types in tissues. In this article we discuss data on T cell senescence, how it is regulated and evidence for novel functional attributes of senescent T cells. We discuss an interactive loop between senescent T cells and senescent non-lymphoid cells and conclude that in situations of intense inflammation, senescent cells may damage healthy tissue. While the example for immunopathology induced by senescent cells that we highlight is cutaneous leishmaniasis, this situation of organ damage may apply to other infections, including COVID-19 and also rheumatoid arthritis, where ageing, inflammation and senescent cells are all part of the same equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana P. Covre
- Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Núcleo de Doenças InfecciosasUniversidade Federal do Espírito SantoVitoriaBrazil
| | | | - Daniel C. O. Gomes
- Núcleo de Doenças InfecciosasUniversidade Federal do Espírito SantoVitoriaBrazil
| | - Arne N. Akbar
- Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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Pereira B, Xu XN, Akbar AN. Targeting Inflammation and Immunosenescence to Improve Vaccine Responses in the Elderly. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583019. [PMID: 33178213 PMCID: PMC7592394 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most appreciated consequences of immunosenescence is an impaired response to vaccines with advanced age. While most studies report impaired antibody responses in older adults as a correlate of vaccine efficacy, it is now widely appreciated that this may fail to identify important changes occurring in the immune system with age that may affect vaccine efficacy. The impact of immunosenescence on vaccination goes beyond the defects on antibody responses as T cell-mediated responses are reshaped during aging and certainly affect vaccination. Likewise, age-related changes in the innate immune system may have important consequences on antigen presentation and priming of adaptive immune responses. Importantly, a low-level chronic inflammatory status known as inflammaging has been shown to inhibit immune responses to vaccination and pharmacological strategies aiming at blocking baseline inflammation can be potentially used to boost vaccine responses. Yet current strategies aiming at improving immunogenicity in the elderly have mainly focused on the use of adjuvants to promote local inflammation. More research is needed to understand the role of inflammation in vaccine responses and to reconcile these seemingly paradoxical observations. Alternative approaches to improve vaccine responses in the elderly include the use of higher vaccine doses or alternative routes of vaccination showing only limited benefits. This review will explore novel targets and potential new strategies for enhancing vaccine responses in older adults, including the use of anti-inflammatory drugs and immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branca Pereira
- HIV/GUM Directorate, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Ning Xu
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arne N Akbar
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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48
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Yan X, Tian X, Wu Z, Han W. Impact of Age on the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Based Combination Therapy for Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1671. [PMID: 33072551 PMCID: PMC7538697 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the acknowledged benefits of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based combination therapy (either with other checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or radiotherapy), little is known about the impact of age on the efficacy of ICI -based combination therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the differences in the benefits of ICI-based combination therapy for NSCLC by age (cut-off age, 65 years). Methods: We systematically searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ICI plus other therapies including other ICIs, chemotherapies, targeted therapies, or radiotherapies, in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases with available hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for death and disease progression according to patient age. The search deadline was May 25, 2020. First, we calculated the pooled HRs of younger and older patients based on the HRs from each trial. Second, we assessed the pooled ratio of HRs reported in older patients to the HRs reported in younger patients for progression or death by the random-effects model. An estimated pooled HR ratio was lower than 1 indicating a better effect in older patients and higher than 1 indicating a better effect in younger patients. Results: A total of 10 eligible RCTs were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled HR for overall survival (OS) comparing ICI combined with other therapies to non-ICI regimens was 0.67 (95%CI 0.58-0.78) for younger patients and 0.79 (95%CI 0.70-0.90) for older patients. The pooled HRs ratio for OS reported in older patients compared to younger patients was 1.16 (95%CI 0.99-1.34), indicating no statistically significant difference between younger and older patients. Consistent with the findings related to OS, the analysis also demonstrated that ICI-based immunotherapy could significantly prolong progression-free survival (PFS) in younger and older patients (HR = 0.55; 95% CI 0.47-0.66, and HR = 0.64; 95% CI 0.57-0.71). The same results could also be observed in the pooled HRs ratio for PFS (HR = 1.15, 95%CI 0.91-1.46) indicating comparable efficacy of ICI-based combination therapy in younger and older patients with NSCLC. Conclusion: ICI-based combination therapy vs. non-ICI treatment had comparable efficacy in younger and older NSCLC patients with a cut-off age of 65 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- Department of Bio-Therapeutic, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Tian
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- Department of Bio-Therapeutic, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Bio-Therapeutic, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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49
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Ferrara R, Naigeon M, Auclin E, Duchemann B, Cassard L, Jouniaux JM, Boselli L, Grivel J, Desnoyer A, Mezquita L, Texier M, Caramella C, Hendriks L, Planchard D, Remon J, Sangaletti S, Proto C, Garassino MC, Soria JC, Marabelle A, Voisin AL, Farhane S, Besse B, Chaput N. Circulating T-cell Immunosenescence in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Single-agent PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors or Platinum-based Chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:492-503. [PMID: 32887723 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE CD28, CD57, and KLRG1 have been previously identified as markers of T-cell immunosenescence. The impact of immunosenescence on anti-PD(L)-1 (ICI) or platinum-based chemotherapy (PCT) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) is unknown. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The percentage of CD28-, CD57+, KLRG1+ among CD8+ T cells [senescent immune phenotype (SIP)] was assessed by flow cytometry on blood from patients with aNSCLC before single-agent ICI (discovery cohort). A SIP cut-off was identified by log-rank maximization method and patients with aNSCLC treated with ICI (validation cohort) or PCT were classified accordingly. Proliferation and functional properties of SIP+ CD8+ T cells were assessed in vitro. RESULTS In the ICI discovery cohort (N = 37), SIP cut-off was 39.5%, 27% of patients were SIP+. In the ICI validation cohort (N = 46), SIP+ status was found in 28% of patients and significantly correlated with worse objective response rate (ORR; 0% vs. 30%, P = 0.04), median progression-free survival (PFS) [1.8 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-NR) vs. 6.4 (95% CI, 2-19) months, P = 0.009] and median overall survival, OS [2.8 (95% CI, 2.0-NR) vs. 20.8 (95% CI, 6.0-NR) months, P = 0.02]. SIP+ status was significantly associated with circulating specific immunephenotypes, in vitro lower CD8+ T cells proliferation, lower IL2 and higher TNFα and IFNγ production. In the ICI-pooled population (N = 83), SIP+ status did not correlate with any clinical characteristics and it was associated with significantly worse ORR, PFS, and OS. In PCT cohort (N = 61), 11% of patients were SIP+. SIP status did not correlate with outcomes upon PCT. CONCLUSIONS Circulating T-cell immunosenescence is observed in up to 28% of patients with aNSCLC and correlates with lack of benefit from ICI but not from PCT.See related commentary by Salas-Benito et al., p. 374.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ferrara
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Villejuif, France.,Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Thoracic Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Research, Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marie Naigeon
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Edouard Auclin
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Descartes University, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Boris Duchemann
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Villejuif, France
| | - Lydie Cassard
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Mehdi Jouniaux
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Villejuif, France
| | - Lisa Boselli
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Villejuif, France
| | - Jonathan Grivel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Villejuif, France
| | - Aude Desnoyer
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Villejuif, France
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Matthieu Texier
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Lizza Hendriks
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases GROW - School for oncology and developmental biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - David Planchard
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Jordi Remon
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sabina Sangaletti
- Department of Research, Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Proto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thoracic Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina C Garassino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thoracic Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Aurelien Marabelle
- Departement d'Innovation Thérapeutique et d'Essais Précoces, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Anne-Laure Voisin
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Unité de Pharmacovigilance, Villejuif, France
| | - Siham Farhane
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Unité de Pharmacovigilance, Villejuif, France
| | - Benjamin Besse
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. .,Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Nathalie Chaput
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, CNRS-UMS 3655 and INSERM-US23, Villejuif, France. .,Faculté de Pharmacie, University Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France
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50
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Lolli C, Altavilla A, Conteduca V, Farolfi A, Casadei C, Schepisi G, Banna GL, De Giorgi U. A comprehensive review of the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in elderly patients affected by renal cell carcinoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 153:103036. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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