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Swain AA, Sharma P, Keswani C, Minkina T, Tukkaraja P, Gadhamshetty V, Kumar S, Bauddh K, Kumar N, Shukla SK, Kumar M, Dubey RS, Wong MH. The efficient applications of native flora for phytorestoration of mine tailings: a pan-global survey. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:27653-27678. [PMID: 38598151 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Mine tailings are the discarded materials resulting from mining processes after minerals have been extracted. They consist of leftover mineral fragments, excavated land masses, and disrupted ecosystems. The uncontrolled handling or discharge of tailings from abandoned mine lands (AMLs) poses a threat to the surrounding environment. Numerous untreated mine tailings have been abandoned globally, necessitating immediate reclamation and restoration efforts. The limited feasibility of conventional reclamation methods, such as cost and acceptability, presents challenges in reclaiming tailings around AMLs. This study focuses on phytorestoration as a sustainable method for treating mine tailings. Phytorestoration utilizes existing native plants on the mine sites while applying advanced principles of environmental biotechnology. These approaches can remediate toxic elements and simultaneously improve soil quality. The current study provides a global overview of phytorestoration methods, emphasizing the specifics of mine tailings and the research on native plant species to enhance restoration ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Abhilash Swain
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, 835222, India
| | - Pallavi Sharma
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Sector-30, Gandhinagar, 382030, Gujarat, India
| | - Chetan Keswani
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-On-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Purushotham Tukkaraja
- Department of Mining Engineering and Management, South Dakota Mines, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA
| | - Venkataramana Gadhamshetty
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E. St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA
- 2D-Materials for Biofilm Engineering, Science and Technology Center, 501 E. St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, SD, USA
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Geology, BB Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Kuldeep Bauddh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, 835222, India.
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, 231001, India.
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, BB Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Shukla
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, 835222, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, 835222, India
| | - Rama Shanker Dubey
- Central University of Gujarat, Sector-29, Gandhinagar, 382030, Gujarat, India
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium On Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
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Attia YA, Farag MR, Al-Harthi MA, Bovera F, Alqurashi AD, Di Cerbo A, Alagawany M. Heat detoxification of Jatropha cucas meal and its effect on productive and reproductive performance of quail. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103072. [PMID: 37801915 PMCID: PMC10570121 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Jatropha is a large, multipurpose, drought-tolerant plant with many traits and great potential as a biofuel crop. It originates from Central America but is now distributed throughout the tropics, including Africa and Asia. The study determines whether the dietary inclusion of raw Jatropha cucas meal (RJM, 3.5%) had negative impacts on the reproductive and productive performances of male Japanese quail as well as whether these impacts could be mitigated by heating the jatropha meal at 100°C for 24 or 48 h (JH24 or JH48 respectively). One hundred twenty healthy mature male quails at the age of 12 wk were assigned randomly to 4 treatments. Every treatment had 6 replicates, with 5 birds per replicate. The RJM caused a considerable decline in fertility and a high mortality rate in quail, whereas heat-treated jatropha meal (JH24 or JH48) decreased these unwanted effects. The RJM significantly increased triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), while reducing total protein and albumin. These values returned to normal in the JH24 and JH48 groups. The RJM significantly reduced the testosterone and increased estradiol and hepatic content of vitellogenin (Vtg) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) while they were normal in JH48 group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and the reduced glutathione (GSH) content in testicular tissues were significantly reduced in the RJM group when compared to control. Protein carbonyl (PC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxy 2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were significantly increased in the RJM group when compared to control. Heating of JM for 48 h reduced the 8-OHdG and MDA levels toward the control level better than JH24 and restored PC to normal. Based on the obtained results, The toxic components in JM could be eliminated through heat treatment, and extending the treatment duration to 48 h is recommended for transforming the potentially harmful jatropha meal into an alternative protein source for livestock nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef A Attia
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mayada R Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44111, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Al-Harthi
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fulvia Bovera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, via F. Delpino,1, 80137, Napoli, Italy
| | - Adel D Alqurashi
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica 62024, Italy
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
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Gomes TG, de Assis Fonseca FC, Alves GSC, de Siqueira FG, Miller RNG. Development of reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis of gene expression in Pleurotus pulmonarius for biotechnological applications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12296. [PMID: 37516784 PMCID: PMC10387064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Jatropha curcas is an oilseed crop with biorefinery applications. Whilst cake generated following oil extraction offers potential as a protein source for animal feed, inactivation of toxic phorbol esters present in the material is necessary. Pleurotus pulmonarius is a detoxifying agent for jatropha cake with additional potential as animal feed, edible mushroom and for enzyme production. For the characterization of fungal genes involved in phorbol ester degradation, together with other industrial applications, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a tool that enables accurate quantification of gene expression. For this, reliable analysis requires reference genes for normalization of mRNA levels validated under conditions employed for target genes. The stability of potential reference genes β-TUB, ACTIN, GAPDH, PHOS, EF1α, TRPHO, LAC, MNP3, MYP and VP were evaluated following growth of P. pulmonarius on toxic, non-toxic jatropha cake and a combined treatment, respectively. NormFinder and geNorm algorithms for expression stability analysis identified PHOS, EF1α and MNP3 as appropriate for normalizing gene expression. Reference gene combinations contrasting in ranking were compared following normalization of relative expression of the CHU_2040 gene, encoding an esterase enzyme potentially involved in phorbol ester degradation. The reference genes for P. pulmonarius will facilitate the elucidation of mechanisms involved in detoxification of phorbol esters as well as analysis of target genes for application in biorefinery models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taísa Godoy Gomes
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Campos de Assis Fonseca
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Goiás (IFG), Águas Lindas, GO, 72910-733, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Sergio Costa Alves
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Robert Neil Gerard Miller
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
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Gomes TG, Isa Abdel Hadi SI, Antônio de Aquino Ribeiro J, Segatto R, Mendes TD, Helm CV, Chagas Júnior AF, Gerard Miller RN, Mendonça S, Gonçalves de Siqueira F. Phorbol ester biodegradation in Jatropha curcas cake and potential as a substrate for enzyme and Pleurotus pulmonarius edible mushroom production. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Geng X, Zhang C, Wei L, Lin K, Xu ZF. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Cytokinin Response Regulator (RR) Genes in the Woody Plant Jatropha curcas and Functional Analysis of JcRR12 in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911388. [PMID: 36232689 PMCID: PMC9570446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokinin (CK) response regulator (RR) gene family plays a pivotal role in regulating the developmental and environmental responses of plants. Axillary bud outgrowth in the perennial woody plant Jatropha curcas is regulated by the crosstalk between CK and gibberellins (GA). In this study, we first analyzed the effects of gibberellin A3 (GA3), lovastatin (a CK synthesis inhibitor), decapitation, and their interaction, on the outgrowth of axillary buds. The results indicate that lovastatin completely inhibited GA-promoted axillary bud outgrowth and partially weakened the decapitation-promoted axillary bud outgrowth. To further characterize and understand the role of CK signaling in promoting the development of female flowers and branches, we performed bioinformatics and expression analyses to characterize the CK RR gene (JcRR) family in J. curcas. A total of 14 members of the JcRR family were identified; these genes were distributed on 10 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the corresponding RR proteins are evolutionarily conserved across different plant species, and the Myb-like DNA-binding domain divides the 14 members of the JcRR family into type-A and type-B proteins. Further analysis of cis-acting elements in the promoter regions of JcRRs suggests that JcRRs are expressed in response to phytohormones, light, and abiotic stress factors; thus, JcRRs may be involved in some plant development processes. Genomic sequence comparison revealed that segmental duplication may have played crucial roles in the expansion of the JcRR gene family, and five pairs of duplicated genes were all subjected to purifying selection. By analyzing RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) data, we characterized that the temporospatial expression patterns of JcRRs during the development of various tissues and the response of these genes to phytohormones and abiotic stress. The JcRRs were mainly expressed in the roots, while they also exhibited differential expression patterns in other tissues. The expression levels of all six type-A and one type-B JcRRs increased in response to 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), while the four type-B JcRRs levels decreased. The expression levels of two type-B JcRRs increased in response to exogenous GA3 treatment, while those of three type-A and three type-B JcRRs decreased. We found that type-A JcRRs may play a positive role in the continuous growth of axillary buds, while the role of type-B JcRRs might be the opposite. In response to abiotic stress, the expression levels of two type-A and three type-B JcRRs strongly increased. The overexpression of JcRR12 in Arabidopsis thaliana slightly increased the numbers of rosette branches after decapitation, but not under normal conditions. In conclusion, our results provide detailed knowledge of JcRRs for further analysis of CK signaling and JcRR functions in J. curcas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchen Geng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Fast-Growing Tree Breeding and Cultivation in Central and Southern China, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Fast-Growing Tree Breeding and Cultivation in Central and Southern China, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lida Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Fast-Growing Tree Breeding and Cultivation in Central and Southern China, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kai Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Fast-Growing Tree Breeding and Cultivation in Central and Southern China, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Fast-Growing Tree Breeding and Cultivation in Central and Southern China, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence:
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Bioactives and Extracellular Enzymes Obtained from Fermented Macrofungi Cultivated in Cotton and Jatropha Seed Cakes. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081670. [PMID: 36014089 PMCID: PMC9413263 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work focused on obtaining fermented oil cake (cotton or Jatropha) via macrofungi growth with potential characteristics for animal feed formulations, such as the presence of extracellular enzymes, bioactive (ergosterol and antioxidants), and detoxification of antinutritional compounds. The concentration of phorbol esters was reduced by four macrofungi in Jatropha seed cake (JSC) to non-toxic levels. At least two macrofungi efficiently degraded free gossypol in cottonseed cake (CSC). Fermentation with Coriolopsis sp. INPA1646 and Tyromyces sp. INPA1696 resulted in increased ergosterol concentrations, antioxidant activity reduction, and high activity of laccases and proteases. Bromatological analysis indicated high crude protein concentrations, with partial solubilization by fungal proteases. Fermented products from Coriolopsis sp. and Tyromyces sp. in JSC or CSC can be considered important biological inputs for monogastric and polygastric animal feed.
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Zhang MJ, Fu Q, Chen MS, He H, Tang M, Ni J, Tao YB, Xu ZF. Characterization of the bark storage protein gene ( JcBSP) family in the perennial woody plant Jatropha curcas and the function of JcBSP1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12938. [PMID: 35186503 PMCID: PMC8833228 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bark storage protein (BSP) plays an important role in seasonal nitrogen cycling in perennial deciduous trees. However, there is no report on the function of BSP in the perennial woody oil plant Jatropha curcas. METHODS In this study, we identified six members of JcBSP gene family in J. curcas genome. The patterns, seasonal changes, and responses to nitrogen treatment in gene expression of JcBSPs were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Overexpression of JcBSP1 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana was driven by a constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S RNA promoter. RESULTS JcBSP members were found to be expressed in various tissues, except seeds. The seasonal changes in the total protein concentration and JcBSP1 expression in the stems of J. curcas were positively correlated, as both increased in autumn and winter and decreased in spring and summer. In addition, the JcBSP1 expression in J. curcas seedlings treated with different concentrations of an NH4NO3 solution was positively correlated with the NH4NO3 concentration and application duration. Furthermore, JcBSP1 overexpression in Arabidopsis resulted in a phenotype of enlarged rosette leaves, flowers, and seeds, and significantly increased the seed weight and yield in transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China,CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiantang Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Huiying He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Mingyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Jun Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan-Bin Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Observation of ionic conductivity on PUA-TBAI-I 2 gel polymer electrolyte. Sci Rep 2022; 12:124. [PMID: 34997013 PMCID: PMC8741775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03965-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Jatropha oil-based polyurethane acylate gel polymer electrolyte was mixed with different concentrations of tetrabutylammonium iodide salt (TBAI). The temperature dependences of ionic conductivity, dielectric modulus and relaxation time were studied in the range of 298 to 393 K. The highest ionic conductivity of (1.88 ± 0.020) × 10–4 Scm−1 at 298 K was achieved when the gel contained 30 wt% of TBAI and 2.06 wt% of I2. Furthermore, the study found that conductivity-temperature dependence followed the Vogel-Tammann Fulcher equation. From that, it could be clearly observed that 30 wt% TBAI indicated the lowest activation energy of 6.947 kJ mol−1. By using the fitting method on the Nyquist plot, the number density, mobility and diffusion coefficient of the charge carrier were determined. The charge properties were analysed using the dielectric permittivity, modulus and dissipation factor. Apart from this, the stoke drag and capacitance were determined.
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Oskoueian E, Oskoueian A, Shakeri M, Jahromi MF. Benefits and Challenges of Jatropha Meal as Novel Biofeed for Animal Production. Vet Sci 2021; 8:179. [PMID: 34564573 PMCID: PMC8472097 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8090179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Jatropha curcas L. has gained importance as a source of seed oil for biodiesel production. The meal contained about 60% protein with a good balance of essential amino acids, containing various bioactive compounds, including saponins, phytic acids, trypsin inhibitors, lectins, phenolics, and flavonoids, which render it as a potential biofeed for animal production. The Jatropha meal demonstrated various biological activities, including antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects which enhance its property as a bio-feed. The levels of these bioactive compounds in the seeds are dependent on the genotypes. The J. curcas possessed different varieties which are either toxic or non-toxic according to the presence of phorbol esters. The presence of phorbol esters in the meal confirmed the toxic variety of Jatropha resulting in the limited application of meal as a biofeed. The Jatropha meal devoid of phorbol esters could be applied as a biofeed in the animal production industry, and for the toxic varieties, various techniques such as physicochemical and biological treatments have been introduced to the industry to remove the phorbol esters from Jatropha meal. Several studies employing various cells and animals confirmed the toxicity of the phorbol esters. The molecular mechanism of action of phorbol esters is through up-regulation of PKC-β II gene, overexpression of down-stream proto-oncogenes resulted in inflammation and oxidative stress ending by apoptotic cell death. Despite the presence of valuable bioactive compounds in the Jatropha meal, its nutritional application is not recommended unless the phorbol esters are completely removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Oskoueian
- Department of Research and Development, Arka Biotechnology Corporation, Mashhad 1696700, Iran; (A.O.); (M.F.J.)
| | - Arshin Oskoueian
- Department of Research and Development, Arka Biotechnology Corporation, Mashhad 1696700, Iran; (A.O.); (M.F.J.)
| | - Majid Shakeri
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi
- Department of Research and Development, Arka Biotechnology Corporation, Mashhad 1696700, Iran; (A.O.); (M.F.J.)
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Ghosh S, Bitra VS, S Dasi D, Godugula V. Detoxification of jatropha kernel meal to utilize it as aqua-feed. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:5089-5096. [PMID: 33570746 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jatropha is an oilseed crop with high kernel oil (55-58%) and protein (26-29%) contents, which makes it a good source of biodiesel and animal/aqua-feed. However, the presence of anti-nutritional toxins, such as phorbol esters, lectins, trypsin inhibitor, phytate, and saponins, restricts its use as feed. This paper describes chemical, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and biological treatments for detoxification of jatropha kernel meal. Raw, defatted, and one-time and two-times mechanically expressed oil samples were analyzed for toxins. Chemical treatment involved heating with 90% methanol and 4% sodium hydroxide. UV treatment was carried out at UV light intensity of 53.4 mW cm-2 for 30 min. For biological treatment, cell-free extract from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain PAO1) was mixed with kernel meal for detoxification. RESULTS Among treatments, chemical treatment was most effective in reducing all toxins, with phorbol esters in the range 0.034-0.052 mg g-1 , lectin 0.082-10.766 mg g-1 , trypsin inhibitor 10.499-11.350 mg g-1 , phytate 2.475-5.769 mg g-1 , and saponins 0.044-0.098 mg g-1 . Biological treatment reduced all toxins except phytate, whereas UV treatment could not reduce any of toxins and, hence, cannot be used for aqua-feed preparation. Pellets prepared from chemically detoxified kernel meal with the least oil content (defatted) resulted in the highest strength (70.93 N). CONCLUSION Chemically treated jatropha kernel meal can be used for aqua-feed pellet preparation because of its low toxin content. The highest compressive strength was obtained for pellets with the least oil content (defatted). Biological treatment time must have been extended for many hours instead of 24 h. Jatropha kernel meal treated chemically can be recommended for aqua-feed manufacturing. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Ghosh
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Dr N.T.R. College of Agricultural Engineering, Bapatla, India
| | - Venkata Sp Bitra
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Dr N.T.R. College of Agricultural Engineering, Bapatla, India
| | - Daniel S Dasi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Pulivendula, India
| | - Veeraprasad Godugula
- Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, Dr N.T.R. College of Agricultural Engineering, Bapatla, India
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Hussain SM, Hanif S, Sharif A, Bashir F, Iqbal HMN. Unrevealing the Sources and Catalytic Functions of Phytase with Multipurpose Characteristics. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Musa SO, Okomoda VT, Tiamiyu LO, Solomon SG, Adeyemo BT, Alamanjo CC, Abol-Munafi AB. Dietary implications of toasted Jatropha curcas kernel on the growth, haematology, and organ histology of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:232. [PMID: 33772665 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02678-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The nutritional value of Jatropha curcas kernel (JCK) can be improved through different processing methods; however, when using a thermal treatment, optimization of the process is needed to prevent denaturation of nutrients. In this study, JCK was toasted for varying durations (0, 10, 20, and 30 min) and nutritionally evaluated. The implication of feeding Clarias gariepinus with dietary inclusions (35% CP; 315 kcal g-1) of the toasted JCK was also reported. The results obtained suggest that prolonged duration of toasting improved the nutritional characteristics of the JCK until the 20th min. Beyond this time, the protein content and essential amino acids are reduced. However, the antinutrients continuously decreased with prolonged processing. The growth, carcass analysis, and haematology of the fish groups fed toasted JCK at varying duration also did better than those fed raw JCK. Importantly, the performance tends to reduce for those fed JCK toasted beyond 20 min. The estimated cost of producing 1 kg of the fish also substantially reduced with feeding the processed JCK than feeding raw JCK. Histological examination of the intestine and liver tissues further revealed fewer signs of histopathological degeneration for fish-fed processed JCK compared to the control. It was concluded that the processing of JCK by toasting should not exceed 20 min to improve the nutritional composition of the feed ingredients and their dietary utilization by fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ojonogecha Musa
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, PMB, Jos, 2084, Nigeria
| | - Victor Tosin Okomoda
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forestry and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Makurdi, PMB, Makurdi, 2373, Nigeria. .,Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, 21030, Tereengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Lateef Oloyede Tiamiyu
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, PMB, Ilorin, 1515, Nigeria
| | - Shola Gabriel Solomon
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forestry and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Makurdi, PMB, Makurdi, 2373, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Ambok Bolong Abol-Munafi
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, 21030, Tereengganu, Malaysia. .,Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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Leyva-Padrón G, Vanegas-Espinoza PE, Evangelista-Lozano S, Del Villar-Martínez AA, Bazaldúa C. Chemical analysis of callus extracts from toxic and non-toxic varieties of Jatropha curcas L. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10172. [PMID: 33240600 PMCID: PMC7666564 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Jatropha curcas L. belongs to Euphorbiaceae family, and it synthesizes flavonoid and diterpene compounds that have showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, antifungal and insecticide activity. Seeds of this plant accumulate phorbol esters, which are tigliane type diterpenes, reported as toxic and, depending on its concentration, toxic and non-toxic varieties has been identified. The aim of this work was to characterize the chemical profile of the extracts from seeds, leaves and callus of both varieties (toxic and non-toxic) of Jatropha curcas, to verify the presence of important compounds in dedifferentiated cells and consider the possibility of using these cultures for the massive production of metabolites. Callus induction was obtained using NAA (1.5 mg L−1) and BAP (1.5 mg L−1) after 21 d for both varieties. Thin layer chromatography analysis showed differences in compounds accumulation in callus from non-toxic variety throughout the time of culture, diterpenes showed an increase along the time, in contrast with flavonoids which decreased. Based on the results obtained through microQTOF-QII spectrometer it is suggested a higher accumulation of phorbol esters, derived from 12-deoxy-16-hydroxy-phorbol (m/z 365 [M+H]+), in callus of 38 d than those of 14 d culture, from both varieties. Unlike flavonoids accumulation, the MS chromatograms analysis allowed to suggest lower accumulation of flavonoids as the culture time progresses, in callus from both varieties. The presence of six glycosylated flavonoids is also suggested in leaf and callus extracts derived from both varieties (toxic and non-toxic), including: apigenin 6-C-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-β-D-xylopyranoside (m/z 535 [M+H]+), apigenin 4′-O-rhamnoside (m/z 417 [M+H]+), vitexin (m/z 433 [M+H]+), vitexin 4′-O-glucoside-2″-O-rhamnoside (m/z 741 [M+H]+), vicenin-2 (m/z 595 [M+H]+), and vicenin-2,6″-O-glucoside (m/z 757 [M+H]+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Leyva-Padrón
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec, Morelos, México
| | | | - Silvia Evangelista-Lozano
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec, Morelos, México
| | | | - Crescencio Bazaldúa
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec, Morelos, México
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Silva-Jara J, Angulo C, Macias ME, Velazquez C, Guluarte C, Reyes-Becerril M. First screening report of immune and protective effect of non-toxic Jatropha vernicosa stem bark against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Longfin yellowtail Seriola rivoliana leukocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 101:106-114. [PMID: 32222403 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In México, the infusion of Jatropha vernicosa stem bark has been used in folk medicine for many clinical situations, but no reports were available about this particular species of Jatropha in fish of mammals. In this first screening report, the phytochemical, antioxidant profile and antimicrobial properties of aqueous J. vernicosa stem bark extract were explored against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, an opportunist fish pathogen. To evaluate the cytotoxicity and immunological effect for the possible application of aqueous J. vernicosa stem bark in aquaculture, this study assessed it by using Longfin yellowtail Seriola rivoliana leukocytes. The results showed that phytochemical composition of the J. vernicosa extract was rich in phenol, flavonoid, saponin, and coumarin compounds. The antioxidant capacity of hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion scavenging activities, iron-chelation activity and β-carotene bleaching coupled to linoleic acid showed that J. vernicosa extracts had a moderate antioxidant effect compared with synthetic antioxidants (BHT, BHA and EDTA). No adverse effects were observed on spleen leukocytes (viability > 98%). Interestingly, J. vernicosa stem bark extract has immunostimulant and antioxidant effects, increasing phagocytosis, respiratory burns activity, and nitric oxide production, as well as superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Additionally, J. vernicosa extract increased pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and suppressed anti-inflammatory IL-10 gene expression upon stimuli and V. parahaemolyticus challenge. Finally, the data confirms that J. vernicosa stem bark extract is non-cytotoxic, rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant effects, capable of enhancing the immune system in leukocytes and with great potential to fight against opportunistic diseases, such as vibriosis in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Silva-Jara
- Universidad de Guadalajara, University Center of Science and Engineering (CUCEI) Department of Pharmacobiology. 1421 Blvd. Marcelino García Barragan, Guadalajara, 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, Mexico
| | - María Esther Macias
- Universidad de Guadalajara, University Center of Science and Engineering (CUCEI) Department of Pharmacobiology. 1421 Blvd. Marcelino García Barragan, Guadalajara, 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carlos Velazquez
- Universidad de Guadalajara, University Center of Science and Engineering (CUCEI) Department of Pharmacobiology. 1421 Blvd. Marcelino García Barragan, Guadalajara, 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Crystal Guluarte
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, Mexico
| | - Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, Mexico.
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Yosri Kamel Emam A, Hamed Abd El-Rahman H, Ahmed Abd El-Fattah El-Nomeary Y, Ahmed Hanafy M, Mohamed Mahmoud AE. <i>In vitro </i> Evaluation and <i>in vivo</i> Digestibility of Physically, Chemically and Biologically Treated Jatropha Meal. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:638-649. [PMID: 32363820 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.638.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Protein considered the second main nutrient in diet formulation for all types of animals after energy. Present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different treatments on the nutritive value of Jatropha meal (JM) by in vitro and in vivo trials as protein source in sheep diet. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, gas production and phorbol esters (PE) were recorded for physically, chemically and biologically treated Jatropha meal. In vivo digestibility was measured by using 24 Barki rams randomly assigned into 4 nutritional groups (6 animals/treatment) as follow: 1) control ration and in 2, 3 and 4 groups cotton seed meal replaced with 30, 45 and 60% heated Jatropha meal (HJM). RESULTS The various treatments raised DM (Dry matter), CP (Crude protein), NFE (Nitrogen free extract) and ash, whereas reduced OM (Organic matter), CF (Crude fiber) and EE (Ether extract) content in JM, the results of in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) have a significant height (p<0.01) for physical followed by the chemical and biological treatments. Otherwise high significant results (p<0.01) for gas production for different treatments was observed. The different treatments decreased the concentration of PE in JM than untreated. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that all treatments especially heat enhanced chemical composition, IVDMD of JM and gas production. Feeding values were better with the ratio 30 and 45%.
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Ming X, Tao YB, Fu Q, Tang M, He H, Chen MS, Pan BZ, Xu ZF. Flower-Specific Overproduction of Cytokinins Altered Flower Development and Sex Expression in the Perennial Woody Plant Jatropha curcas L. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020640. [PMID: 31963715 PMCID: PMC7013397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Jatropha curcas L. is monoecious with a low female-to-male ratio, which is one of the factors restricting its seed yield. Because the phytohormone cytokinins play an essential role in flower development, particularly pistil development, in this study, we elevated the cytokinin levels in J. curcas flowers through transgenic expression of a cytokinin biosynthetic gene (AtIPT4) from Arabidopsis under the control of a J. curcas orthologue of TOMATO MADS BOX GENE 6 (JcTM6) promoter that is predominantly active in flowers. As expected, the levels of six cytokinin species in the inflorescences were elevated, and flower development was modified without any alterations in vegetative growth. In the transgenic J. curcas plants, the flower number per inflorescence was significantly increased, and most flowers were pistil-predominantly bisexual, i.e., the flowers had a huge pistil surrounded with small stamens. Unfortunately, both the male and the bisexual flowers of transgenic J. curcas were infertile, which might have resulted from the continuously high expression of the transgene during flower development. However, the number and position of floral organs in the transgenic flowers were well defined, which suggested that the determinacy of the floral meristem was not affected. These results suggest that fine-tuning the endogenous cytokinins can increase the flower number and the female-to-male ratio in J. curcas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ming
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China (M.T.); (H.H.); (M.-S.C.); (B.-Z.P.)
| | - Yan-Bin Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China (M.T.); (H.H.); (M.-S.C.); (B.-Z.P.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-B.T.); (Z.-F.X.)
| | - Qiantang Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China (M.T.); (H.H.); (M.-S.C.); (B.-Z.P.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Mingyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China (M.T.); (H.H.); (M.-S.C.); (B.-Z.P.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Huiying He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China (M.T.); (H.H.); (M.-S.C.); (B.-Z.P.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China (M.T.); (H.H.); (M.-S.C.); (B.-Z.P.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Bang-Zhen Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China (M.T.); (H.H.); (M.-S.C.); (B.-Z.P.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China (M.T.); (H.H.); (M.-S.C.); (B.-Z.P.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-B.T.); (Z.-F.X.)
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Saini MK, Sharma P, Prasad J, Kothari S, Gour VS. Quality assessment of oil and biodiesel derived from Balanites aegyptiaca collected from different regions of Rajasthan. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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The Sustainable Cultivation of Mexican Nontoxic Jatropha Curcas to Produce Biodiesel and Food in Marginal Rural Lands. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11205823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to identify Mexican nontoxic ecotypes of Jatropha curcas with potential for a sustainable agriculture practice to produce biodiesel and food products through a methodology and criteria of sustainability. In a rural region of Morelos state in central México, nine Mexican ecotypes of Jatropha curcas were evaluated in an experimental plantation with minimal water resources and fertilization. The experimental trial was assessed in terms of (1) toxicity, (2) growth and survival of the plants, (3) yield of seed, (4) residual biomass production, (5) oil characteristics for biodiesel production, (6) nutrimental properties of the seeds, and (7) changes in the chemical properties of the soil. Finally, two outstanding nontoxic ecotypes were identified as the most suitable for the establishment of Jatropha curcas crops to produce biodiesel and, at the same time, for food products using the de-oiled endosperm cake, for energy production from the residual biomass and for improvement of soil properties in marginal lands of rural regions of Morelos state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Honzíček
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Abou-Arab AA, Mahmoud MH, Ahmed DMM, Abu-Salem FM. Comparative study between chemical, physical and enzymatic methods for Jatropha curcas kernel meal phorbol ester detoxification. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01689. [PMID: 31193217 PMCID: PMC6522693 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Detoxification of protein rich Jatropha kernel cake to eliminate the phorbol esters is a great challenge for its industrial utilization in food processing. Several methods either chemical or physical have been previously applied trying to degrade phorbol esters in Jatropha curcas seed cake, which are the main toxic compound with thermo-stable properties. The objective of this study was to compare the different methods to get rid of phorbol esters (PE) including, chemical treatments (0.1 M NaOH/90 % methanol, 85 % ethanol, 90 % methanol & 85 % ethanol (50:50) for 8 h), physical treatments (microwave, ultrasonic and microwave + ultrasonic) and enzymatic treatment by crude germinated Jatropha seed lipase (CGJS). The results showed that the elimination of phorbol esters content chemically treated either by 0.1 M NaOH/90 % methanol or ethanol 85% had effectively decreased by 98.04 % and 98.17 %, respectively compared to control. The treatment by methanol 90% and ethanol 85% (50:50) gave degradation percentage of 95.43% of phorbol esters. The enzymatic elimination of phorbol esters by crude germinated Jatropha seed (CGJS) lipase proved high efficiency of detoxification by reducing the percentage to 98.43%. On the other hand, physical detoxification of Jatropha seed kernel showed good results with microwave treatment by reducing phorbol esters content to 86.29 %. Treatment by ultrasound has detoxified the phorbol esters content by 87.60 % in Jatropha curcas seed. While, combination between microwave & ultrasound increased the percentage of phorbol esters degradation to 88.38 %. In conclusion, enzymatic degradation of phorbol esters is a safe method for degradation as it is both an un-expensive and easy way for detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza A Abou-Arab
- Department of Food Technology, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa H Mahmoud
- Department of Food Technology, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dorria M M Ahmed
- Pomology Department, Agriculture and Biological Division, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ferial M Abu-Salem
- Department of Food Technology, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Verardo G, Baldini M, Ferfuia C, Gorassini A. Rapid and selective screening for toxic phorbol esters in Jatropha curcas seed oil using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1597:63-75. [PMID: 30885401 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Jatropha curcas L. is an inedible plant whose seed oil is an interesting source for biodiesel production. Seed cake, the main byproduct remaining (about 70% w/w) after the oil extraction process, has a high nutritional value but the presence in Jatropha curcas seed of phorbol esters (PEs), a family of toxic compounds with a tigliane skeleton, prevents application of seed cake and other byproducts (e.g. glycerin) in animal feed without an efficient detoxification. Considering the high toxicity of PEs, it is important to have a sensitive analytical method to evaluate the presence of these compounds in Jatropha curcas derivatives. In this paper we present the study of the ESI-MS/MS fragmentation pattern of the [M+Na]+ ion at m/z 733.5 of the six known PEs, namely Jatropha factors (JFs) C1-C6, which allowed to tentatively identify a series of characteristic and specific fragment ions useful to reveal the presence of JFs in Jatropha curcas seed oil, distinguish them from each other, and identify new PEs (J1-J4). Moreover, the substitution of the usual acetonitrile/water as mobile phase with a mixture of methanol/water (85:15, v/v) allowed to increase the signal of the sodium adduct of about 50-fold during the HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Verardo
- Department of Agri-Food, Environment and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Mario Baldini
- Department of Agri-Food, Environment and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferfuia
- Department of Agri-Food, Environment and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Gorassini
- Department of Humanities and the Cultural Heritage, University of Udine, Vicolo Florio 2/B, 33100, Udine, Italy
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Effects of partial dietary substitution of groundnut meal by defatted, Aspergillus niger-fermented and heated Jatropha curcas kernel meal on feed intake and growth performance of broiler chicks. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1383-1391. [PMID: 30706333 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine intake and growth performance of broiler chicks fed with Jatropha curcas kernel meal physico-chemically and biologically processed. The feed experiment lasted for 7 days with 20-day-old Ross 308 strain unsexed broiler chicks. Two dietary treatments were given each to ten animals, according to a complete randomized design. Kernels, manually obtained from J. curcas seed, were defatted, heated, and fermented with a strain of Aspergillus niger and oven-dried, in order to obtain the treated jatropha kernel meal. This latter was used to replace one third of a groundnut meal premix which was then incorporated in a commercial diet to warrant iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric characteristics of the diets. Data collected were analyzed according to ANOVA procedure. The results revealed that the animals that received the diet incorporating jatropha kernel meal had numerically higher live weight (156.1 vs. 152.7 g/animal) (P > 0.05) and average daily weight gain (12.3 vs. 11.7 g/day/animal) (P > 0.05) than the control ones, at the end of experiment. The average daily feed intake was the same for the two groups of animals (23.2 g/day/animal) (P > 0.05) with a similar feed conversion ratio (2.0 vs. 2.1 respectively for the jatropha group and the control group). The survival rate, at the end of the experiment, was 100% for the two groups of animals. Physico-chemically and biologically processed Jatropha curcas kernel could be an interesting by-product for poultry feeding.
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Neu PM, Schober S, Mittelbach M. Quantification of Phorbol Esters in
Jatropha curcas
by HPLC‐UV and HPLC‐ToF‐MS with Standard Addition Method. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201800146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M. Neu
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI GrazUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010GrazAustria
| | - Sigurd Schober
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI GrazUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010GrazAustria
| | - Martin Mittelbach
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI GrazUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010GrazAustria
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Cai L, Zhang L, Fu Q, Xu ZF. Identification and expression analysis of cytokinin metabolic genes IPTs, CYP735A and CKXs in the biofuel plant Jatropha curcas. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4812. [PMID: 29785355 PMCID: PMC5960259 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The seed oil of Jatropha curcas is considered a potential bioenergy source that could replace fossil fuels. However, the seed yield of Jatropha is low and has yet to be improved. We previously reported that exogenous cytokinin treatment increased the seed yield of Jatropha. Cytokinin levels are directly regulated by isopentenyl transferase (IPT), cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, family 735, subfamily A (CYP735A), and cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX). In this study, we cloned six IPT genes, one JcCYP735A gene, and seven JcCKX genes. The expression patterns of these 14 genes in various organs were determined using real-time quantitative PCR. JcIPT1 was primarily expressed in roots and seeds, JcIPT2 was expressed in roots, apical meristems, and mature leaves, JcIPT3 was expressed in stems and mature leaves, JcIPT5 was expressed in roots and mature leaves, JcIPT6 was expressed in seeds at 10 days after pollination, and JcIPT9 was expressed in mature leaves. JcCYP735A was mainly expressed in roots, flower buds, and seeds. The seven JcCKX genes also showed different expression patterns in different organs of Jatropha. In addition, CK levels were detected in flower buds and seeds at different stages of development. The concentration of N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)-adenine (iP), iP-riboside, and trans-zeatin (tZ) increased with flower development, and the concentration of iP decreased with seed development, while that of tZ increased. We further analyzed the function of JcCYP735A using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, and found that the concentrations of tZ and tZ-riboside decreased significantly in the Jccyp735a mutants, which showed severely retarded growth. These findings will be helpful for further studies of the functions of cytokinin metabolic genes and understanding the roles of cytokinins in Jatropha growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiantang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
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Phulia V, Sardar P, Sahu NP, Fawole FJ, Shamna N, Gupta S. Substitution of soybean meal with fermented Jatropha kernel meal: effect on growth performance, body composition, and metabolic enzyme activity of Labeo rohita. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:475-487. [PMID: 29224125 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the nutritional potential of fermented Jatropha kernel meal (FJKM) in the diets of rohu, Labeo rohita, fingerlings. Four iso-nitrogenous (336 g kg-1) and iso-energetic (20 MJ kg-1) diets containing 0, 100, 200, and 300 g kg-1 FJKM in replacement of 0, 33.3, 66.7, and 100% soybean meal protein, respectively, were prepared and designated as control, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. A total of 180 acclimatized fish (average weight 6.05 ± 0.04 g) were equally distributed into four experimental groups in triplicates, and were fed their respective diets to satiation twice daily at 10:00 h and 18:00 h. Higher percent weight gain (%WG); specific growth rate (SGR); protein efficiency ratio (PER); protease, aspartate amino transferase (AST), and alanine amino transferase (ALT) activities; and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded in T2 and T3 groups compared to other groups. Whereas hepatosomatic index (HSI), intestinal somatic index (ISI), and amylase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activities among the various dietary groups did not vary significantly (P > 0.05). Whole body composition of fish analyzed at the end of the feeding trial exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher ether extract and lower crude protein in the control group compared to the FJKM-fed groups. These results indicated that rohu fingerlings can efficiently utilize FJKM without any detrimental effect on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and metabolic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Phulia
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, SAS, Nagar, 140103,, {HQ- Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana}, India
| | - Parimal Sardar
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India.
| | - Narottam Prasad Sahu
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Femi John Fawole
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Management, College of Agriculture, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - N Shamna
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Subodh Gupta
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
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26
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Gomes TG, Hadi SIIA, Costa Alves GS, Mendonça S, De Siqueira FG, Miller RNG. Current Strategies for the Detoxification of Jatropha curcas Seed Cake: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2510-2522. [PMID: 29498277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Jatropha curcas is an important oilseed plant, with considerable potential in the development of biodiesel. Although Jatropha seed cake, the byproduct of oil extraction, is a residue rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and carbon, with high protein content suitable for application in animal feed, the presence of toxic phorbol esters limits its application in feed supplements and fertilizers. This review summarizes the current methods available for detoxification of this residue, based upon chemical, physical, biological, or combined processes. The advantages and disadvantages of each process are discussed, and future directions involving genomic and proteomic approaches for advancing our understanding of biodegradation processes involving microorganisms are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisa G Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular , Universidade de Brasília , Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte , 70910-900 , Brasília , DF , Brazil
| | - Sámed I I A Hadi
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB , Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 , 31270-010 , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - Gabriel S Costa Alves
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular , Universidade de Brasília , Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte , 70910-900 , Brasília , DF , Brazil
| | - Simone Mendonça
- Embrapa Agroenergia, STN-70297-400 , 70297-400 , Brasília , DF , Brazil
| | | | - Robert N G Miller
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular , Universidade de Brasília , Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte , 70910-900 , Brasília , DF , Brazil
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27
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An overview of Jatropha curcas meal-induced productive and reproductive toxicity in Japanese quail: Potential mechanisms and heat detoxification. Theriogenology 2018; 113:208-220. [PMID: 29554603 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the toxic effects of dietary inclusion of raw Jatropha cucas meal [RJM, 3.5%] on productive and reproductive performances of laying Japanese quail and the influence of physical treatment of jatropha meal by heating at [100 oc] for 24 or 48 h [JH24 or JH48 respectively] on reducing these effects. The inclusion of RJM in quail diets significantly decreased the egg production, fertility and hatchability percentages and resulted in a high mortality rate. While heat-treated jatropha meal [JH24 or JH48] improved such undesirable effects. The levels of hepatic proteins related to lipid synthesis, cholesterol metabolism and those related to lipid synthesis and transporting to egg yolk were increased in JH24 and JH48 groups than RJM group. Hepatic contents of vitellogenin [VGT-II] and estrogen receptor α [ERα] and circulating estradiol [E2] were improved in JH48 than RJM and JH24 groups however still under the control values. On the other hand, estrogen receptor β [ERβ] were restored to normal control value in both JH24 and JH48 groups. Histopathological investigation revealed that RJM produced various alterations in the histoarchitecture of liver, ovary and oviducts but these alterations were reduced in both JH24 and JH48 groups. From the obtained data we concluded that heating of jatropha meal for 24 h improved its nutritive value and increasing the time of heating is preferable for reduction of the most of toxic impacts indicating that heat treatment can convert toxic jatropha meal to an alternative protein source for livestock feed in a cheap and clean way without combining any other types of treatments.
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28
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Nepal S, Kumar V, Makkar HPS, Stadtlander T, Romano N, Becker K. Comparative nutritional value of Jatropha curcas protein isolate and soy protein isolate in common carp. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:143-162. [PMID: 28900838 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Jatropha seed cake (JSC) is an excellent source of protein but does contain some antinutritional factors (ANF) that can act as toxins and thus negatively affect the growth and health status of fish. While this can limit the use of JSC, detoxified Jatropha protein isolate (DJPI) may be a better option. An 8-week study was performed to evaluate dietary DJPI to common carp Cyprinus carpio. Five iso-nitrogenous diets (crude protein of 38%) were formulated that consisted of a C ontrol (fish meal (FM) based protein), J 50 or J 75 (50 and 75% of FM protein replaced by DJPI), and S 50 or S 75 (50 and 75% of FM protein replaced by soy protein isolate, SPI) and fed to triplicate groups of 75 carp fingerlings (75; av. wt. ± SD; 11.4 ± 0.25 g). The growth, feeding efficiencies, digestibility, plasma biochemistry, and intestinal enzymes were measured. Results showed that growth performance of fish fed the S 75- or DJPI-based diets were not significantly different from those fed the C ontrol diet, while carp fed the S 50 had significantly better growth than the J 75 diet. Fish fed the J 75 diet had significantly lower protein and lipid digestibility as well as significantly lower intestinal amylase and protease activities than all other groups. However, all plant protein-based diets led to significantly higher crude protein, crude lipid, and gross energy in the body of common carp compared to the control treatment. Plasma cholesterol and creatinine significantly decreased in the plant protein fed groups, although plasma triglyceride as well as the red blood cells count, hematocrit, albumin, globulin, total plasma protein, and lysozyme activity were higher in plant protein fed groups compared to FM fed group. White blood cells, hemoglobulin concentration, alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase activities, and glucose level in blood did not differ significantly among treatments. The results suggest that the DJPI is non-toxic to carp and can be used to replace FM in the diets of common carp up to 75%, but further research to potentially reduce some inherent ANF within this protein source, such as non-starch polysaccharides, may improve nutrient utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Nepal
- Institute of Organic Agriculture, Department of Livestock Sciences, 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Institute of Organic Agriculture, Department of Livestock Sciences, 5070, Frick, Switzerland.
- Division of Aquaculture, College of Agriculture, Food Science and Sustainable Systems, Kentucky State University, Frankfort, KY, 40601, USA.
| | - Harinder P S Makkar
- Institute of Organic Agriculture, Department of Livestock Sciences, 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Timo Stadtlander
- Institute of Organic Agriculture, Department of Livestock Sciences, 5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas Romano
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Klaus Becker
- Institute of Organic Agriculture, Department of Livestock Sciences, 5070, Frick, Switzerland
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29
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Máquina ADV, Souza LMD, Gontijo LC, Santos DQ, Borges Neto W. Characterization of Biodiesel by Infrared Spectroscopy with Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1267186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ademar Domingos Viagem Máquina
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Pedagogical University-Tete Branch, Campus Universitário de Cambinde-Matundo, Tete, Mozambique
| | - Letícia Maria de Souza
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas Caixeta Gontijo
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Urutaí, Goias, Brazil
| | - Douglas Queiroz Santos
- Technical School of Health, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Waldomiro Borges Neto
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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30
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Haniffa MACM, Ching YC, Chuah CH, Kuan YC, Liu DS, Liou NS. Synthesis, Characterization and the Solvent Effects on Interfacial Phenomena of Jatropha Curcas Oil Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E162. [PMID: 30970841 PMCID: PMC6432095 DOI: 10.3390/polym9050162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) was prepared from Jatropha curcas oil (JCO) and its alkyd resin via curing with different diamines. The isocyanate-free approach is a green chemistry route, wherein carbon dioxide conversion plays a major role in NIPU preparation. Catalytic carbon dioxide fixation can be achieved through carbonation of epoxidized derivatives of JCO. In this study, 1,3-diaminopropane (DM) and isophorone diamine (IPDA) were used as curing agents separately. Cyclic carbonate conversion was catalyzed by tetrabutylammonium bromide. After epoxy conversion, carbonated JCO (CJCO) and carbonated alkyd resin (CC-AR) with carbonate contents of 24.9 and 20.2 wt %, respectively, were obtained. The molecular weight of CJCO and CC-AR were determined by gel permeation chromatography. JCO carbonates were cured with different amine contents. CJCO was blended with different weight ratios of CC-AR to improve its characteristics. The cured NIPU film was characterized by spectroscopic techniques, differential scanning calorimetry, and a universal testing machine. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the morphology of the NIPU film before and after solvent treatment. The solvent effects on the NIPU film interfacial surface were investigated with water, 30% ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone, 10% HCl, 10% NaCl, and 5% NaOH. NIPU based on CCJO and CC-AR (ratio of 1:3) with IPDA crosslink exhibits high glass transition temperature (44 °C), better solvent and chemical resistance, and Young's modulus (680 MPa) compared with the blend crosslinked with DM. Thus, this study showed that the presence of CC-AR in CJCO-based NIPU can improve the thermomechanical and chemical resistance performance of the NIPU film via a green technology approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhd Abd Cader M Haniffa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaya.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaya.
| | - Yern Chee Ching
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaya.
| | - Cheng Hock Chuah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaya.
| | - Yong Ching Kuan
- University of Reading Malaysia, Persiaran Graduan, Kota Ilmu, Educity, 79200 Iskandar Puteri, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - De-Shin Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung-Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Nai-Shang Liou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan City 710, Taiwan.
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31
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Menkiti MC, Ocheje O, Agu CM. Production of environmentally adapted lubricant basestock from jatropha curcas specie seed oil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40090-017-0116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Vásquez-Mayorga M, Fuchs EJ, Hernández EJ, Herrera F, Hernández J, Moreira I, Arnáez E, Barboza NM. Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of Jatropha curcas L. in Costa Rica. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2931. [PMID: 28289556 PMCID: PMC5345823 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We estimated the genetic diversity of 50 Jatropha curcas samples from the Costa Rican germplasm bank using 18 EST-SSR, one G-SSR and nrDNA-ITS markers. We also evaluated the phylogenetic relationships among samples using nuclear ribosomal ITS markers. Non-toxicity was evaluated using G-SSRs and SCARs markers. A Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree and a Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree were constructed using SSR markers and ITS sequences, respectively. Heterozygosity was moderate (He = 0.346), but considerable compared to worldwide values for J. curcas. The PIC (PIC = 0.274) and inbreeding coefficient (f = − 0.102) were both low. Clustering was not related to the geographical origin of accessions. International accessions clustered independently of collection sites, suggesting a lack of genetic structure, probably due to the wide distribution of this crop and ample gene flow. Molecular markers identified only one non-toxic accession (JCCR-24) from Mexico. This work is part of a countrywide effort to characterize the genetic diversity of the Jatropha curcas germplasm bank in Costa Rica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Vásquez-Mayorga
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica , San Pedro , San José , Costa Rica
| | - Eric J Fuchs
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica , San Pedro , San José , Costa Rica
| | - Eduardo J Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica , San Pedro , San José , Costa Rica
| | - Franklin Herrera
- Estación Experimental Fabio Baudrit Moreno, Universidad de Costa Rica , Alajuela , Costa Rica
| | - Jesús Hernández
- Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería , San José , Costa Rica
| | - Ileana Moreira
- Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica , Cartago , Costa Rica
| | - Elizabeth Arnáez
- Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica , Cartago , Costa Rica
| | - Natalia M Barboza
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica; Escuela de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica; Centro Nacional en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica
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González-Chávez MDCA, Carrillo-González R, Hernández Godínez MI, Evangelista Lozano S. Jatropha curcas and assisted phytoremediation of a mine tailing with biochar and a mycorrhizal fungus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2017; 19:174-182. [PMID: 27408989 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2016.1207602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution is an important ecological problem worldwide. Phytoremediation is an environmental-friendly option for reducing metal pollution. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the growth and physiological response, metal uptake, and the phytostabilization potential of a nontoxic Jatropha curcas L. genotype when grown in multimetal-polluted conditions. Plants were established on a mine residue (MR) amended or not amended with corn biochar (B) and inoculated or not inoculated with the mycorrhizal fungus Acaulospora sp. (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, AMF). J. curcas was highly capable of growing in an MR and showed no phytotoxic symptoms. After J. curcas growth (105 days), B produced high desorption of Cd and Pb from the MR; however, no increases in metal shoot concentrations were observed. Therefore, Jatropha may be useful for phytostabilization of metals in mine tailings. The use of B is recommended because improved MR chemical properties conduced to plant growth (cation-exchange capacity, organic matter content, essential nutrients, electrical conductivity, water-holding capacity) and plant growth development (higher biomass, nutritional and physiological performance). Inoculation with an AMF did not improve any plant growth or physiological plant characteristic. Only higher Zn shoot concentration was observed, but it was not phytotoxic. Future studies of B use and its long-term effect on MR remediation should be conducted under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Del Carmen A González-Chávez
- a Colegio de Postgraduados, Soil and Environmental Chemistry Lab and Environmental Microbiology Lab , Campus Montecillo, Texcoco , México
| | - Rogelio Carrillo-González
- a Colegio de Postgraduados, Soil and Environmental Chemistry Lab and Environmental Microbiology Lab , Campus Montecillo, Texcoco , México
| | - María Isabel Hernández Godínez
- a Colegio de Postgraduados, Soil and Environmental Chemistry Lab and Environmental Microbiology Lab , Campus Montecillo, Texcoco , México
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Li H, Tsuchimoto S, Harada K, Yamasaki M, Sakai H, Wada N, Alipour A, Sasai T, Tsunekawa A, Tsujimoto H, Ando T, Tomemori H, Sato S, Hirakawa H, Quintero VP, Zamarripa A, Santos P, Hegazy A, Ali AM, Fukui K. Genetic Tracing of Jatropha curcas L. from Its Mesoamerican Origin to the World. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1539. [PMID: 28936216 PMCID: PMC5594977 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha), a shrub species of the family Euphorbiaceae, has been recognized as a promising biofuel plant for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, recent attempts at commercial cultivation in Africa and Asia have failed because of low productivity. It is important to elucidate genetic diversity and relationship in worldwide Jatropha genetic resources for breeding of better commercial cultivars. Here, genetic diversity was analyzed by using 246 accessions from Mesoamerica, Africa and Asia, based on 59 simple sequence repeat markers and eight retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphism markers. We found that central Chiapas of Mexico possesses the most diverse genetic resources, and the Chiapas Central Depression could be the center of origin. We identified three genetic groups in Mesoamerica, whose distribution revealed a distinct geographic cline. One of them consists mainly of accessions from central Chiapas. This suggests that it represents the original genetic group. We found two Veracruz accessions in another group, whose ancestors might be shipped from Port of Veracruz to the Old World, to be the source of all African and Asian Jatropha. Our results suggest the human selection that caused low productivity in Africa and Asia, and also breeding strategies to improve African and Asian Jatropha. Cultivars improved in the productivity will contribute to expand mass commercial cultivation of Jatropha in Africa and Asia to increase biofuel production, and finally will support in the battle against the climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Suguru Tsuchimoto
- Plant Bioengineering for Bioenergy Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Kyuya Harada
- Plant Bioengineering for Bioenergy Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Yamasaki
- Kobe Food Resources Education and Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe UniversityHyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroe Sakai
- Plant Bioengineering for Bioenergy Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Wada
- Plant Bioengineering for Bioenergy Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Atefeh Alipour
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sasai
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Takayuki Ando
- The Center for International Affairs, Tottori UniversityTottori, Japan
| | | | - Shusei Sato
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku UniversityMiyagi, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Primitivo Santos
- College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los BanosLaguna, Philippines
| | - Adel Hegazy
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat CitySadat City, Egypt
| | - Abdalla M. Ali
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shambat, University of KhartoumKhartoum, Sudan
| | - Kiichi Fukui
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kiichi Fukui,
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Martínez-Díaz Y, González-Rodríguez A, Rico-Ponce HR, Rocha-Ramírez V, Ovando-Medina I, Espinosa-García FJ. Fatty Acid Diversity is Not Associated with Neutral Genetic Diversity in Native Populations of the Biodiesel Plant Jatropha curcas
L. Chem Biodivers 2016; 14. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yesenia Martínez-Díaz
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta CP 58190 Morelia Michoacán México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta CP 58190 Morelia Michoacán México
| | - Antonio González-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta CP 58190 Morelia Michoacán México
| | - Héctor Rómulo Rico-Ponce
- Centro de Investigación Regional Pacífico Centro; Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias; Campo experimental Valle de Apatzingán, Km. 17.5, Carretera Apatzingán-Cuatro Caminos Km 17.5 CP 6078 Apatzingán Michoacán México
| | - Víctor Rocha-Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta CP 58190 Morelia Michoacán México
| | - Isidro Ovando-Medina
- Instituto de Biociencias; Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas; Carretera a Puerto Madero Km 2.0 CP 30798 Tapachula Chiapas México
| | - Francisco J. Espinosa-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta CP 58190 Morelia Michoacán México
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Makkar HP. State-of-the-art on detoxification of Jatropha curcas products aimed for use as animal and fish feed: A review. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rahman MM, Netravali AN. Micro-fibrillated cellulose reinforced eco-friendly polymeric resin from non-edible ‘Jatropha curcas’ seed waste after biodiesel production. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07749h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eco-friendly polymeric resin with desirable mechanical and physical properties was developed from non-edible protein extracted from Jatropha curcas (Jatropha) seed cake, so far considered as an agro-waste after oil extraction for bio-diesel conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil N. Netravali
- Department of Fiber Science & Apparel Design
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
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38
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Risks for human and animal health related to the presence of phorbol esters in Jatropha kernel meal. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Fu Q, Li C, Tang M, Tao YB, Pan BZ, Zhang L, Niu L, He H, Wang X, Xu ZF. An efficient protocol for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the biofuel plant Jatropha curcas by optimizing kanamycin concentration and duration of delayed selection. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2015; 9:405-416. [PMID: 26640597 PMCID: PMC4662722 DOI: 10.1007/s11816-015-0377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Jatropha curcas is considered a potential biodiesel feedstock crop. Currently, the value of J. curcas is limited because its seed yield is generally low. Transgenic modification is a promising approach to improve the seed yield of J. curcas. Although Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of J. curcas has been pursued for several years, the transformation efficiency remains unsatisfying. Therefore, a highly efficient and simple Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation method for J. curcas should be developed. We examined and optimized several key factors that affect genetic transformation of J. curcas in this study. The results showed that the EHA105 strain was superior to the other three Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains for infecting J. curcas cotyledons, and the supplementation of 100 mM acetosyringone slightly increased the transient transformation frequency. Use of the appropriate inoculation method, optimal kanamycin concentration and appropriate duration of delayed selection also improved the efficiency of stable genetic transformation of J. curcas. The percentage of β-glucuronidase positive J. curcas shoots reached as high as 56.0 %, and 1.70 transformants per explant were obtained with this protocol. Furthermore, we optimized the root-inducing medium to achieve a rooting rate of 84.9 %. Stable integration of the T-DNA into the genomes of putative transgenic lines was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis. Using this improved protocol, a large number of transgenic J. curcas plantlets can be routinely obtained within approximately 4 months. The detailed information provided here for each step of J. curcas transformation should enable successful implementation of this transgenic technology in other laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiantang Fu
- />Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303 Yunnan China
| | - Chaoqiong Li
- />Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303 Yunnan China
- />College of Life Science and Agriculture, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001 Henan China
| | - Mingyong Tang
- />Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303 Yunnan China
- />University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yan-Bin Tao
- />Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303 Yunnan China
| | - Bang-Zhen Pan
- />Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303 Yunnan China
| | - Lu Zhang
- />Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303 Yunnan China
| | - Longjian Niu
- />Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303 Yunnan China
| | - Huiying He
- />Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303 Yunnan China
| | - Xiulan Wang
- />Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303 Yunnan China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- />Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303 Yunnan China
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Nesseim TDT, Dieng A, Mergeai G, Ndiaye S, Hornick JL. Digestibility of solvent-treated Jatropha curcas kernel by broiler chickens in Senegal. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 47:1553-60. [PMID: 26255184 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0897-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Jatropha curcas is a drought-resistant shrub belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family. The kernel contains approximately 60 % lipid in dry matter, and the meal obtained after oil extraction could be an exceptional source of protein for family poultry farming, in the absence of curcin and, especially, some diterpene derivatives phorbol esters that are partially lipophilic. The nutrient digestibility of J. curcas kernel meal (JKM), obtained after partial physicochemical deoiling was thus evaluated in broiler chickens. Twenty broiler chickens, 6 weeks old, were maintained in individual metabolic cages and divided into four groups of five animals, according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design where deoiled JKM was incorporated into grinded corn at 0, 4, 8, and 12 % levels (diets 0, 4, 8, and 12 J), allowing measurement of nutrient digestibility by the differential method. The dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility of diets was affected to a low extent by JKM (85 and 86 % in 0 J and 81 % in 12 J, respectively) in such a way that DM and OM digestibility of JKM was estimated to be close to 50 %. The ether extract (EE) digestibility of JKM remained high, at about 90 %, while crude protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF) digestibility were largely impacted by JKM, with values closed to 40 % at the highest levels of incorporation. J. curcas kernel presents various nutrient digestibilities but has adverse effects on CP and CF digestibility of the diet. The effects of an additional heat or biological treatment on JKM remain to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Daniel Tamsir Nesseim
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agriculture, Département des Productions Animales, Université de Thiès, Km 3 route de Khombole BP A 296, Thiès, Sénégal. .,Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Département de Productions Animales, Université de Liège, 20 Boulevard de Colonster, 4000, Liège, Belgique.
| | - Abdoulaye Dieng
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agriculture, Département des Productions Animales, Université de Thiès, Km 3 route de Khombole BP A 296, Thiès, Sénégal.
| | - Guy Mergeai
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Département Phytotechnie Tropicale et Horticulture, Université de Liège, 2 Passage des déportés, 5030, Gembloux, Belgique.
| | - Saliou Ndiaye
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agriculture, Département des Productions Végétales, Université de Thiès, Km 3 route de Khombole BP A 296, Thiès, Sénégal.
| | - Jean-Luc Hornick
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Département de Productions Animales, Université de Liège, 20 Boulevard de Colonster, 4000, Liège, Belgique.
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Yang M, Wu Y, Jin S, Hou J, Mao Y, Liu W, Shen Y, Wu L. Flower bud transcriptome analysis of Sapium sebiferum (Linn.) Roxb. and primary investigation of drought induced flowering: pathway construction and G-quadruplex prediction based on transcriptome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118479. [PMID: 25738565 PMCID: PMC4349590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sapium sebiferum (Linn.) Roxb. (Chinese Tallow Tree) is a perennial woody tree and its seeds are rich in oil which hold great potential for biodiesel production. Despite a traditional woody oil plant, our understanding on S. sebiferum genetics and molecular biology remains scant. In this study, the first comprehensive transcriptome of S. sebiferum flower has been generated by sequencing and de novo assembly. A total of 149,342 unigenes were generated from raw reads, of which 24,289 unigenes were successfully matched to public database. A total of 61 MADS box genes and putative pathways involved in S. sebiferum flower development have been identified. Abiotic stress response network was also constructed in this work, where 2,686 unigenes are involved in the pathway. As for lipid biosynthesis, 161 unigenes have been identified in fatty acid (FA) and triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis. Besides, the G-Quadruplexes in RNA of S. sebiferum also have been predicted. An interesting finding is that the stress-induced flowering was observed in S. sebiferum for the first time. According to the results of semi-quantitative PCR, expression tendencies of flowering-related genes, GA1, AP2 and CRY2, accorded with stress-related genes, such as GRX50435 and PRXⅡ39562. This transcriptome provides functional genomic information for further research of S. sebiferum, especially for the genetic engineering to shorten the juvenile period and improve yield by regulating flower development. It also offers a useful database for the research of other Euphorbiaceae family plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering and Bioenergy Forest Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering and Bioenergy Forest Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering and Bioenergy Forest Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering and Bioenergy Forest Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingji Mao
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering and Bioenergy Forest Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering and Bioenergy Forest Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangcheng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering and Bioenergy Forest Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lifang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering and Bioenergy Forest Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Development of a sensitive in vitro assay to quantify the biological activity of pro-inflammatory phorbol esters in Jatropha oil. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:644-50. [PMID: 25588777 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9861-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
New health safety concerns may arise from the increasing production and use of Jatropha oil, a biodiesel feedstock that also contains toxic, pro-inflammatory, and co-carcinogenic phorbol esters. Based on the exceptional sensitivity of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells to the model phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a robust bioassay was developed to quantify the biological activity of Jatropha phorbol esters directly in oil, without sample extraction. We first verified that the characteristic response of MDCK cells to TPA was also observed following direct exposure to phorbol esters in Jatropha oil. We further confirmed that similarly to TPA, Jatropha oil's phorbol esters can activate protein kinase C (PKC). We then assessed the transcriptional response of MDCK cells to Jatropha oil exposure by measuring the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a gene involved in inflammatory processes which is strongly upregulated following PKC activation. Based on the parameterization of a TPA dose-response curve, the transcriptional response of MDCK cells to Jatropha oil exposure was expressed in term of TPA toxic equivalent (TEQ), a convenient metric to report the inflammatory potential of complex mixtures. The sensitive bioassay described in this manuscript may prove useful for risk assessment, as it provides a quantitative method and a convenient metric to report the inflammatory potential of phorbol esters in Jatropha oil. This bioassay may also be adapted for the detection of bioactive phorbol esters in other matrices.
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Adinurani PG, Hendroko SR, Nindita A, Wahono S, Maizirwan M, Sasmito A, Nugroho YA, Liwang T. Chaterization of Jatropha Curcas Linn. Capsule Husk as Feedstock for Anaerobic Digestion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cherikkallinmel SK, Gopalakrishnan A, Yaakob Z, Ramakrishnan RM, Sugunan S, Narayanan BN. Sodium aluminate from waste aluminium source as catalyst for the transesterification of Jatropha oil. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05982h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transesterification of Jatropha oil with methanol is carried over heterogeneous sodium aluminate catalyst to produce biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anila Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- UKM Bangi
- malaysia
| | - Zahira Yaakob
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- UKM Bangi
- malaysia
| | - Resmi M. Ramakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry
- Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College
- Palakkad-679306
- India
| | - Sankaran Sugunan
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- Cochin 22
- India
| | - Binitha N. Narayanan
- Department of Chemistry
- Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College
- Palakkad-679306
- India
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Tao YB, Luo L, He LL, Ni J, Xu ZF. A promoter analysis of MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 1 (JcMFT1), a seed-preferential gene from the biofuel plant Jatropha curcas. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2014; 127:513-24. [PMID: 24879400 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-014-0639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (MFT)-like genes belong to the phosphatidylethanoamine-binding protein (PEBP) gene family in plants. In contrast to their homologs FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-like and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1)-like genes, which are involved in the regulation of the flowering time pathway, MFT-like genes function mainly during seed development and germination. In this study, a full-length cDNA of the MFT-like gene JcMFT1 from the biodiesel plant Jatropha curcas (L.) was isolated and found to be highly expressed in seeds. The promoter of JcMFT1 was cloned and characterized in transgenic Arabidopsis. A histochemical β-glucuronidase (GUS) assay indicated that the JcMFT1 promoter was predominantly expressed in both embryos and endosperms of transgenic Arabidopsis seeds. Fluorometric GUS analysis revealed that the JcMFT1 promoter was highly active at the mid to late stages of seed development. After seed germination, the JcMFT1 promoter activity decreased gradually. In addition, both the JcMFT1 expression in germinating Jatropha embryos and its promoter activity in germinating Arabidopsis embryos were induced by abscisic acid (ABA), possibly due to two ABA-responsive elements, a G-box and an RY repeat, in the JcMFT1 promoter region. These results show that the JcMFT1 promoter is seed-preferential and can be used to control transgene expression in the seeds of Jatropha and other transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China,
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Xiao J, Zhang H. Comparative evaluation of Jatropha curcas L. seed meals obtained by different methods of defatting on toxic, antinutritional and nutritive factors. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2014; 51:1126-32. [PMID: 24876645 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0608-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Different methods of defatting have a great impact on toxic, antinutritional and nutritive factors in the oilseed meals. In order to find the most suitable methods of defatting for Jatropha curcas seed meals, the Jatropha curcas L. seed meals, defatted by Soxhlet extraction and screw-press were characterized for their toxic, anti-nutritional and nutrient factors in this study. The toxins (phorbolesters, 3.1 and 2.9 mg/g) and some anti-nutritional factors (saponins, 2.9 and 2.6%; phytates, 11.1 and 11.6%) in meals obtained by the two defatting methods were present at high concentrations. However, the trypsin inhibitors activity (TIA) and lectin (2.7 mg/g and 1.5 mg/ml) in the screw-pressed meal were significantly lower, due to the high temperature (120 °C) used in this defatting process. From nutritional side, the values of crude protein (CP), buffer-soluble nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen, pepsin insoluble nitrogen, in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD), as well as essential amino acid index (EAAI), biological value (BV), nutritional index (NI) and protein-digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) of the meal obtained by Soxhlet extraction were better than the screw-pressed meal. However, taking practical application into account, from detoxification side, screw-pressed meal is better for detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology & School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology & School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122 People's Republic of China
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Hallare AV, Ruiz PLS, Cariño JCED. Assessment of Jatropha curcas L. biodiesel seed cake toxicity using the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo toxicity (ZFET) test. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:6044-6056. [PMID: 24464135 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2539-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Consequent to the growing demand for alternative sources of energy, the seeds from Jatropha curcas remain to be the favorite for biodiesel production. However, a significant volume of the residual organic mass (seed cake) is produced during the extraction process, which raises concerns on safe waste disposal. In the present study, we assessed the toxicity of J. curcas seed cake using the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryotoxicity test. Within 1-h post-fertilization (hpf), the fertilized eggs were exposed to five mass concentrations of J. curcas seed cake and were followed through 24, 48, and 72 hpf. Toxicity was evaluated based on lethal endpoints induced on zebrafish embryos namely egg coagulation, non-formation of somites, and non-detachment of tail. The lowest concentration tested, 1 g/L, was not able to elicit toxicity on embryos whereas 100 % mortality (based also on lethal endpoints) was recorded at the highest concentration at 2.15 g/L. The computed LC50 for the J. curcas seed cake was 1.61 g/L. No further increase in mortality was observed in the succeeding time points (48 and 72 hpf) indicating that J. curcas seed cake exerted acute toxicity on zebrafish embryos. Sublethal endpoints (yolk sac and pericardial edema) were noted at 72 hpf in zebrafish embryos exposed to higher concentrations. The observed lethal endpoints induced on zebrafish embryos were discussed in relation to the active principles, notably, phorbol esters that have remained in the seed cake even after extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold V Hallare
- Department of Biology, CAS, University of the Philippines, Manila, Padre Faura St., Manila, 1000, Philippines,
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48
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Sustainability Study on Heavy Metal Uptake in Neem Biodiesel Using Selective Catalytic Preparation and Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry. SUSTAINABILITY 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/su6052413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Enhancement of biodiesel production from marine alga, Scenedesmus sp. through in situ transesterification process associated with acidic catalyst. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:391542. [PMID: 24689039 PMCID: PMC3943251 DOI: 10.1155/2014/391542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to increase the yield of biodiesel produced by Scenedesmus sp. through in situ
transesterification by optimizing various process parameters. Based on the orthogonal matrix analysis for the acidic catalyst, the effects of the factors decreased in the order of reaction temperature
(47.5%) > solvent quantity (26.7%) > reaction time (17.5%) > catalyst amount (8.3%). Based on a Taguchi
analysis, the effects of the factors decreased in the order of solvent ratio (34.36%) > catalyst (28.62%) > time (19.72%)
> temperature (17.32%). The overall biodiesel production appeared to be better using NaOH as an alkaline catalyst rather than using H2SO4
in an acidic process, at 55.07 ± 2.18% (based on lipid weight) versus 48.41 ± 0.21%. However, in considering the purified biodiesel, it was found that the acidic catalyst was approximately 2.5 times more efficient than the alkaline
catalyst under the following optimal conditions: temperature of 70°C (level 2), reaction time of 10 hrs (level 2), catalyst amount
of 5% (level 3), and biomass to solvent ratio of 1 : 15 (level 2), respectively. These results clearly demonstrated that the acidic solvent, which combined oil extraction with in situ
transesterification, was an effective catalyst for the production of high-quantity, high-quality biodiesel from a Scenedesmus sp.
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50
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Sharath BS, Mohankumar BV, Somashekar D. Bio-detoxification of Phorbol Esters and Other Anti-nutrients of Jatropha curcas Seed Cake by Fungal Cultures Using Solid-State Fermentation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172:2747-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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