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P L, Shirsat A, Gardi P, Kore S, Joshi V, Patra R, Maji D. A cost-effective and facile technique for realizing fabric based microfluidic channels using beeswax and PVC stencils. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:3372-3384. [PMID: 38747244 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00389f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic channels fabricated over fabrics or papers have the potential to find substantial application in the next generation of wearable healthcare monitoring systems. The present work focuses on the fabrication procedures that can be used to obtain practically realizable fabric-based microfluidic channels (μFADs) utilizing patterning masks and wax, unlike conventional printing techniques. In this study, comparative analysis was used to differentiate channels obtained using different masking tools for channel patterning as well as different wax materials as hydrophobic barriers. Drawbacks of the conventional tape and candle wax technique were noted and a novel approach was used to create microfluidic channels through a facile and simple masking technique using PVC clear sheets as channel stencils and beeswax as the channel barriers. The resulting fabric based microfluidic channels with varying widths as well as complex microchannel, microwell, and micromixer designs were investigated and a minimum channel width resolution of 500 μm was successfully obtained over cotton based fabrics. Thereafter, the PVC clear sheet-beeswax based microwells were successfully tested to confine various organic and inorganic samples indicating vivid applicability of the technique. Finally, the microwells were used to make a simple and facile colorimetric assay for glucose detection and demonstrated effective detection of glucose levels from 10 mM to 50 mM with significant color variation using potassium iodide as the coloring agent. The above findings clearly suggest the potential of this alternative technique for making low-cost and practically realizable fabric based diagnostic devices (μFADs) in contrast to the other approaches that are currently in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingadharini P
- Department of Sensor and Biomedical Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
| | - Aditya Shirsat
- Department of Sensor and Biomedical Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
| | - Prathamesh Gardi
- Department of Sensor and Biomedical Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
| | - Saurabh Kore
- Department of Sensor and Biomedical Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
| | - Vedant Joshi
- Department of Sensor and Biomedical Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
| | - Rusha Patra
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781015, India
| | - Debashis Maji
- Department of Sensor and Biomedical Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
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Sinha A, Dhanjai, Stavrakis AK, Stojanović GM. Textile-based electrochemical sensors and their applications. Talanta 2022; 244:123425. [PMID: 35397323 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Textile and their composite-based functional sensors are extensively acknowledged and preferred detection platforms in recent times. Developing suitable methodologies for fabricating textile sensors can be achieved either by integration of conductive fibers and yarns into textiles using technologies such as weaving, knitting and embroidery; or by functionalization of textile materials with conductive nanomaterials/inks using printing or coating methods. Textile materials are gaining enormous attention for fabricating soft lab-on-fabric devices due to their unique features such as high flexibility, wear and wash resistance, mechanical strength and promising sensing performances. Owing to these collective properties, textile-based electrochemical transducers are now showcasing rapid and accurate electrical measurements towards real time point-of-care diagnostics and environmental monitoring applications. The present review provides a brief overview of key progress made in the field of developing textile materials and their composites-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors in recent years where electrode configurations are specifically based on either natural or synthetic fabrics. Different ways to fabricate and functionalize textiles for their application in electrochemical analysis are briefly discussed. The review ends with a conclusive note focusing on the current challenges in the fabrication of textile-based stable electrochemical sensors and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sinha
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Dhanjai
- BioSense Institute, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Adrian K Stavrakis
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Goran M Stojanović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Jiang Y, Yang Y, Shen L, Ma J, Ma H, Zhu N. Recent Advances of Prussian Blue-Based Wearable Biosensors for Healthcare. Anal Chem 2021; 94:297-311. [PMID: 34874165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control, College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yupeng Yang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Liuxue Shen
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Junlin Ma
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Hongting Ma
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Nan Zhu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
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Min J, Sempionatto JR, Teymourian H, Wang J, Gao W. Wearable electrochemical biosensors in North America. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 172:112750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Matzeu G, Mogas-Soldevila L, Li W, Naidu A, Turner TH, Gu R, Blumeris PR, Song P, Pascal DG, Guidetti G, Li M, Omenetto FG. Large-Scale Patterning of Reactive Surfaces for Wearable and Environmentally Deployable Sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001258. [PMID: 32462737 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Wearable interfaces are central to multiple healthcare and wellness strategies encompassing diet and nutrition, personalized health monitoring, and performance optimization. Specifically, the advent of flexible electronic formats coupled with microfluidic interfaces has resulted in sophisticated conformal devices for biofluid sampling and quantification. Here, a complementary approach is presented to wearable sensing by using a large-scale, conformal, distributed format that relies on the use of biomaterial-based inks to print and stabilize deterministic patterns of biochemical reporters with high resolution. Colorimetric devices can vary in size and a sensing T-shirt based on a colorimetric pattern is developed to illustrate the utility that such formats can add to the wearable interface space. Image analysis allows parameter variation to be tracked in real-time, yielding a map-like format of distributed biophysical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Matzeu
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Science, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Laia Mogas-Soldevila
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Wenyi Li
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Arin Naidu
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Trent H Turner
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Roger Gu
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Patricia R Blumeris
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Patrick Song
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Daniel G Pascal
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Giulia Guidetti
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Meng Li
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Fiorenzo G Omenetto
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Science, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Physics, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Laboratory for Living Devices, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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Wang C, Li W, Lv Y, Bai H, Zhao P, Wen L, Wang C, Ma Q. Rapid analysis of perfluorinated carboxylic acids in textiles by dielectric barrier discharge ionization-mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gong S, Yap LW, Zhu B, Cheng W. Multiscale Soft-Hard Interface Design for Flexible Hybrid Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902278. [PMID: 31468635 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Emerging next-generation soft electronics will require versatile properties functioning under mechanical compliance, which will involve the use of different types of materials. As a result, control over material interfaces (particularly soft/hard interfaces) has become crucial and is now attracting intensive worldwide research efforts. A series of material and structural interface designs has been devised to improve interfacial adhesion, preventing failure of electromechanical properties under mechanical deformation. Herein, different soft/hard interface design strategies at multiple length scales in the context of flexible hybrid electronics are reviewed. The crucial role of soft ligands and/or polymers in controlling the morphologies of active nanomaterials and stabilizing them is discussed, with a focus on understanding the soft/hard interface at the atomic/molecular scale. Larger nanoscopic and microscopic levels are also discussed, to scrutinize viable intrinsic and extrinsic interfacial designs with the purpose of promoting adhesion, stretchability, and durability. Furthermore, the macroscopic device/human interface as it relates to real-world applications is analyzed. Finally, a perspective on the current challenges and future opportunities in the development of truly seamlessly integrated soft wearable electronic systems is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Clayton, 151 Wellington Road, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Lim Wei Yap
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Clayton, 151 Wellington Road, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Bowen Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Clayton, 151 Wellington Road, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Clayton, 151 Wellington Road, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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8
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Yang X, Cheng H. Recent Developments of Flexible and Stretchable Electrochemical Biosensors. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E243. [PMID: 32111023 PMCID: PMC7143805 DOI: 10.3390/mi11030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The skyrocketing popularity of health monitoring has spurred increasing interest in wearable electrochemical biosensors. Compared with the traditionally rigid and bulky electrochemical biosensors, flexible and stretchable devices render a unique capability to conform to the complex, hierarchically textured surfaces of the human body. With a recognition element (e.g., enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, ions) to selectively react with the target analyte, wearable electrochemical biosensors can convert the types and concentrations of chemical changes in the body into electrical signals for easy readout. Initial exploration of wearable electrochemical biosensors integrates electrodes on textile and flexible thin-film substrate materials. A stretchable property is needed for the thin-film device to form an intimate contact with the textured skin surface and to deform with various natural skin motions. Thus, stretchable materials and structures have been exploited to ensure the effective function of a wearable electrochemical biosensor. In this mini-review, we summarize the recent development of flexible and stretchable electrochemical biosensors, including their principles, representative application scenarios (e.g., saliva, tear, sweat, and interstitial fluid), and materials and structures. While great strides have been made in the wearable electrochemical biosensors, challenges still exist, which represents a small fraction of opportunities for the future development of this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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9
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Ko J, Zhao ZJ, Hwang SH, Kang HJ, Ahn J, Jeon S, Bok M, Jeong Y, Kang K, Cho I, Jeong JH, Park I. Nanotransfer Printing on Textile Substrate with Water-Soluble Polymer Nanotemplate. ACS NANO 2020; 14:2191-2201. [PMID: 31990171 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in wearable devices has drawn increased attention to smart textiles, and various transfer methods have therefore been introduced to realize the desired functions using textiles as substrates. However, the existing transfer techniques are not suited for the production of sophisticated nanoscale patterns on textiles, as textile roughness and difficulty of precise pattern size control hinder miniaturization, deteriorate device performance, and complicate the use of optical phenomena such as surface plasmon resonance. To address these limitations, we have developed a method based on simple dissolution of a water-soluble nanopatterned polymer film for the facile transfer of nanostructures of on-film-deposited functional materials onto textile substrates. The above method tolerates a variety of functional materials, e.g., metals and SiO2, and nano/microscale structures, e.g., nanoscale lines, dots, holes, and mesh patterns with a minimum pattern width of 50 nm. The proposed technique is employed to fabricate a palladium nanoscale line array (utilized as a highly sensitive and selective hydrogen sensor) and is shown to be suitable for the production of security patterns on textiles, as it allows the printing of complex nanostructure patterns with electrical and optical functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoo Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon , 34141 , South Korea
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon , 34103 , South Korea
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhao
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon , 34103 , South Korea
| | - Soon Hyoung Hwang
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon , 34103 , South Korea
| | - Hyeok-Joong Kang
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon , 34103 , South Korea
| | - Junseong Ahn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon , 34141 , South Korea
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon , 34103 , South Korea
| | - Sohee Jeon
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon , 34103 , South Korea
| | - Moonjeong Bok
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon , 34103 , South Korea
| | - Yongrok Jeong
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon , 34103 , South Korea
| | - Kyungnam Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon , 34141 , South Korea
| | - Incheol Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon , 34141 , South Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Jeong
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon , 34103 , South Korea
- Department of Nano-Mechatronics , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeong-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon , 34113 , South Korea
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon , 34141 , South Korea
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Chen D, Jiang K, Huang T, Shen G. Recent Advances in Fiber Supercapacitors: Materials, Device Configurations, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1901806. [PMID: 31206831 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fiber supercapacitors (SCs), with their small size and weight, excellent flexibility and deformability, and high capacitance and power density, are recognized as one of the most robust power supplies available for wearable electronics. They can be woven into breathable textiles or integrated into different functional materials to fit curved surfaces for use in day-to-day life. A comprehensive review on recent important development and progress in fiber SCs is provided, with respect to the active electrode materials, device configurations, functions, integrations. Active electrode materials based on different electrochemical mechanisms and intended to improve performance including carbon-based materials, metal oxides, and hybrid composites, are first summarized. The three main types of fiber SCs, namely parallel, twist, and coaxial structures, are then discussed, followed by the exploration of some functions including stretchability and self-healing. Miniaturized integration of fiber SCs to obtain flexible energy fibers and integrated sensing systems is also discussed. Finally, a short conclusion is made, combining with comments on the current challenges and potential solutions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Institute & Hospital of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guozhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
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Zahid M, Mazzon G, Athanassiou A, Bayer IS. Environmentally benign non-wettable textile treatments: A review of recent state-of-the-art. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 270:216-250. [PMID: 31277037 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Among superhydrophobic materials, non-wettable textiles are probably the ones that come in contact or interact with the human body most frequently. Hence, textile treatments for water or oil repellency should be non-toxic, biocompatible, and comply with stringent health standards. Moreover, considering the volume of the worldwide textile industry, these treatments should be scalable, sustainable, and eco-friendly. Due to this awareness, more and more non-wettable textile treatments with eco-friendly processes and green or non-toxic chemicals are being adopted and reported. Although fluorinated alkylsilanes or fluorinated polymers with C8 chemistry (with ≥ 8 fluorinated carbon atoms) are the best performing materials to render textiles water or oil repellent, they pose substantial health and environmental problems and are being banned. For this reason, water/solvent-borne, C8-free vehicles for non-wettable treatment formulations are probably the only ones that can have commercialization prospects. Hence, researchers have come up with a variety of new, non-toxic, green formulations and materials to render fabrics liquid repellent that constitute the focus of this review paper. As such, this review article discusses and summarizes recent developments and techniques on various sustainable superhydrophobic treatments for textiles, with comparable performance and durability to formulations based on fluorinated C8 compounds. The current state-of-the-art technologies, potential commercialization prospects, and relevant limitations are discussed and summarized with examples. The review also attempts to indicate promising future strategies and new materials that can transform the process for non-wettable textiles into an all-sustainable technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahid
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Technologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Giulia Mazzon
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Technologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica (DAIS), Università Ca' Foscari, Dorsoduro 3246, 30123 Venezia, Italy
| | | | - Ilker S Bayer
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Technologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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Costa C, van Es EM, Sears P, Bunch J, Palitsin V, Mosegaard K, Bailey MJ. Exploring Rapid, Sensitive and Reliable Detection of Trace Explosives Using Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry (PS‐MS). PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201800320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catia Costa
- Ion Beam CentreUniversity of Surrey Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - Elsje M. van Es
- National Physical Laboratory Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW UK
| | - Patrick Sears
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory Sevenoaks, Kent TN14 7BP UK
| | - Josephine Bunch
- National Physical Laboratory Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW UK
| | | | - Kirsten Mosegaard
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Surrey Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - Melanie J. Bailey
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Surrey Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH UK
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13
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A wearable origami-like paper-based electrochemical biosensor for sulfur mustard detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 129:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Textile-Based Potentiometric Electrochemical pH Sensor for Wearable Applications. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2019; 9:bios9010014. [PMID: 30654478 PMCID: PMC6468877 DOI: 10.3390/bios9010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a potentiometric pH sensor on textile substrate for wearable applications. The sensitive (thick film graphite composite) and reference electrodes (Ag/AgCl) are printed on cellulose-polyester blend cloth. An excellent adhesion between printed electrodes allow the textile-based sensor to be washed with a reliable pH response. The developed textile-based pH sensor works on the basis of electrochemical reaction, as observed through the potentiometric, cyclic voltammetry (100 mV/s) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (10 mHz to 1 MHz) analysis. The electrochemical double layer formation and the ionic exchanges of the sensitive electrode-pH solution interaction are observed through the electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analysis. Potentiometric analysis reveals that the fabricated textile-based sensor exhibits a sensitivity (slope factor) of 4 mV/pH with a response time of 5 s in the pH range 6–9. The presented sensor shows stable response with a potential of 47 ± 2 mV for long time (2000 s) even after it was washed in tap water. These results indicate that the sensor can be used for wearable applications.
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15
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Lactate biosensing: The emerging point-of-care and personal health monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:818-829. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Valentini F, Calcaterra A, Antonaroli S, Talamo M. Smart Portable Devices Suitable for Cultural Heritage: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E2434. [PMID: 30050013 PMCID: PMC6111338 DOI: 10.3390/s18082434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews recent portable sensor technologies to apply in the Cultural Heritage (CH) fields. The review has been prepared in the form of a retrospective description of the sensor's history and technological evolution, having: new nanomaterials for transducers, miniaturized, portable and integrated sensors, the wireless transmission of the analytical signals, ICT_Information Communication Technology and IoT_Internet of Things to apply to the cultural heritage field. In addition, a new trend of movable tattoo sensors devices is discussed, referred to in situ analysis, which is especially important when scientists are in the presence of un-movable and un-tangible Cultural Heritage and Art Work objects. The new proposed portable contact sensors (directly applied to art work objects and surfaces) are non-invasive and non-destructive to the different materials and surfaces of which cultural heritage is composed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Valentini
- Sciences and Chemical Technologies Department, Tor Vergata University, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
- INUIT Foundation Tor Vergata University, via dell'Archiginnasio snc, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Calcaterra
- INUIT Foundation Tor Vergata University, via dell'Archiginnasio snc, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Simonetta Antonaroli
- Sciences and Chemical Technologies Department, Tor Vergata University, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Talamo
- INUIT Foundation Tor Vergata University, via dell'Archiginnasio snc, 00133 Roma, Italy.
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17
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Sen U, Chatterjee S, Sinha Mahapatra P, Ganguly R, Dodge R, Yu L, Megaridis CM. Surface-Wettability Patterning for Distributing High-Momentum Water Jets on Porous Polymeric Substrates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:5038-5049. [PMID: 29304279 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Liquid jet impingement on porous materials is particularly important in many applications of heat transfer, filtration, or in incontinence products. Generally, it is desired that the liquid not penetrate the substrate at or near the point of jet impact, but rather be distributed over a wider area before reaching the back side. A facile wettability-patterning technique is presented, whereby a water jet impinging orthogonally on a wettability-patterned nonwoven substrate is distributed on the top surface and through the porous matrix, and ultimately dispensed from prespecified points underneath the sample. A systematic approach is adopted to identify the optimum design that allows for a uniform distribution of the liquid on horizontally mounted substrates of ∼50 cm2 area, with minimal or no spilling over the sample edges at jet flow rates exceeding 1 L/min. The effect of the location of jet impingement on liquid distribution is also studied, and the design is observed to perform well even under offset jet impact conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddalok Sen
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Souvick Chatterjee
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Pallab Sinha Mahapatra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600036, India
| | - Ranjan Ganguly
- Department of Power Engineering, Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700098, India
| | - Richard Dodge
- Corporate Research and Engineering, Kimberly-Clark Corporation , Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, United States
| | - Lisha Yu
- Corporate Research and Engineering, Kimberly-Clark Corporation , Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, United States
| | - Constantine M Megaridis
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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18
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Abstract
Living subjects (i.e., humans and animals) have abundant sources of energy in chemical, thermal, and mechanical forms. The use of these energies presents a viable way to overcome the battery capacity limitation that constrains the long-term operation of wearable/implantable devices. The intersection of novel materials and fabrication techniques offers boundless possibilities for the benefit of human health and well-being via various types of energy harvesters. This review summarizes the existing approaches that have been demonstrated to harvest energy from the bodies of living subjects for self-powered electronics. We present material choices, device layouts, and operation principles of these energy harvesters with a focus on in vivo applications. We discuss a broad range of energy harvesters placed in or on various body parts of human and animal models. We conclude with an outlook of future research in which the integration of various energy harvesters with advanced electronics can provide a new platform for the development of novel technologies for disease diagnostics, treatment, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Dagdeviren
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; .,Harvard Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Zhou Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332;
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19
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Lu Y, Jiang J, Yoon S, Kim KS, Kim JH, Park S, Kim SH, Piao L. High-Performance Stretchable Conductive Composite Fibers from Surface-Modified Silver Nanowires and Thermoplastic Polyurethane by Wet Spinning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:2093-2104. [PMID: 29277998 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Highly stretchable and conductive fibers have attracted great interest as a fundamental building block for the next generation of textile-based electronics. Because of its high conductivity and high aspect ratio, the Ag nanowire (AgNW) has been considered one of the most promising conducting materials for the percolation network-based conductive films and composites. However, the poor dispersibility of AgNWs in hydrophobic polymers has hindered their application to stretchable conductive composite fibers. In this paper, we present a highly stretchable and conductive composite fiber from the co-spinning of surface-modified AgNWs and thermoplastic polyurethane (PU). The surface modification of AgNWs with a polyethylene glycol derivative improved the compatibility of PU and AgNWs, which allowed the NWs to disperse homogeneously in the elastomeric matrix, forming effective percolation networks and causing the composite fiber to show enhanced electrical and mechanical performance. The maximum AgNW mass fraction in the composite fiber was 75.9 wt %, and its initial electrical conductivity was as high as 14 205 S/cm. The composite fibers also exhibited superior stretchability: the maximum rupture strain of the composite fiber with 14.6 wt % AgNW was 786%, and the composite fiber was also conductive even when it was stretched up to 200%. In addition, 2-dimensional (2-D) Ag nanoplates were added to the AgNW/PU composite fibers to increase the stability of the conductive network under repeated stretching and releasing. The Ag nanoplates acted as a bridge to effectively prevent the AgNWs from slippage and greatly improved the stability of the conductive network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University , Chungnam 32588, Korea
| | - Jianwei Jiang
- Department of Bio & Nano Chemistry, Kookmin University , Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Sungho Yoon
- Department of Bio & Nano Chemistry, Kookmin University , Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Kyung-Shik Kim
- Nano-Mechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM) , Daejeon 34103, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Kim
- Nano-Mechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM) , Daejeon 34103, Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Park
- Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University , Chungnam 32588, Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University , Chungnam 32588, Korea
| | - Longhai Piao
- Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University , Chungnam 32588, Korea
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20
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Wang D, Zhang Y, Lu X, Ma Z, Xie C, Zheng Z. Chemical formation of soft metal electrodes for flexible and wearable electronics. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4611-4641. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00192d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Efficient chemical approaches to fabricating soft metal electrodes aiming at wearable electronics are summarized and reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongrui Wang
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- China
| | - Yaokang Zhang
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- China
| | - Xi Lu
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- China
| | - Zhijun Ma
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- China
| | - Chuan Xie
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- China
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21
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Yu HA, DeTata DA, Lewis SW, Silvester DS. Recent developments in the electrochemical detection of explosives: Towards field-deployable devices for forensic science. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Mishra RK, Martín A, Nakagawa T, Barfidokht A, Lu X, Sempionatto JR, Lyu KM, Karajic A, Musameh MM, Kyratzis IL, Wang J. Detection of vapor-phase organophosphate threats using wearable conformable integrated epidermal and textile wireless biosensor systems. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 101:227-234. [PMID: 29096360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Flexible epidermal tattoo and textile-based electrochemical biosensors have been developed for vapor-phase detection of organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents. These new wearable sensors, based on stretchable organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) enzyme electrodes, are coupled with a fully integrated conformal flexible electronic interface that offers rapid and selective square-wave voltammetric detection of OP vapor threats and wireless data transmission to a mobile device. The epidermal tattoo and textile sensors display a good reproducibility (with RSD of 2.5% and 4.2%, respectively), along with good discrimination against potential interferences and linearity over the 90-300mg/L range, with a sensitivity of 10.7µA∙cm3∙mg-1 (R2 = 0.983) and detection limit of 12mg/L in terms of OP air density. Stress-enduring inks, used for printing the electrode transducers, ensure resilience against mechanical deformations associated with textile and skin-based on-body sensing operations. Theoretical simulations are used to estimate the OP air density over the sensor surface. These fully integrated wearable wireless tattoo and textile-based nerve-agent vapor biosensor systems offer considerable promise for rapid warning regarding personal exposure to OP nerve-agent vapors in variety of decentralized security applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh K Mishra
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Aida Martín
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Tatsuo Nakagawa
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Abbas Barfidokht
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Xialong Lu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Juliane R Sempionatto
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Kay Mengjia Lyu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Aleksandar Karajic
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | | | | | - Joseph Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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23
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Karuppusamy S, Demudu Babu G, Venkatesh V, Marken F, Anbu Kulandainathan M. Highly conductive nano-silver textile for sensing hydrogen peroxide. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Arduini F, Cinti S, Scognamiglio V, Moscone D, Palleschi G. How cutting-edge technologies impact the design of electrochemical (bio)sensors for environmental analysis. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 959:15-42. [PMID: 28159104 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Through the years, scientists have developed cutting-edge technologies to make (bio)sensors more convenient for environmental analytical purposes. Technological advancements in the fields of material science, rational design, microfluidics, and sensor printing, have radically shaped biosensor technology, which is even more evident in the continuous development of sensing systems for the monitoring of hazardous chemicals. These efforts will be crucial in solving some of the problems constraining biosensors to reach real environmental applications, such as continuous analyses in field by means of multi-analyte portable devices. This review (with 203 refs.) covers the progress between 2010 and 2015 in the field of technologies enabling biosensor applications in environmental analysis, including i) printing technology, ii) nanomaterial technology, iii) nanomotors, iv) biomimetic design, and (v) microfluidics. Next section describes futuristic cutting-edge technologies that are gaining momentum in recent years, which furnish highly innovative aspects to biosensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Arduini
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems "INBB", Viale Medaglie d'Oro, 305, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Scognamiglio
- Institute of Crystallography (IC-CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Danila Moscone
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems "INBB", Viale Medaglie d'Oro, 305, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palleschi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems "INBB", Viale Medaglie d'Oro, 305, Rome, Italy
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25
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Mostafalu P, Nezhad AS, Nikkhah M, Akbari M. Flexible Electronic Devices for Biomedical Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32180-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Liu X, Lillehoj PB. Embroidered electrochemical sensors for biomolecular detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2093-8. [PMID: 27156700 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00307a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors are powerful analytical tools which possess the capacity for rapid detection of biomarkers in clinical specimens. While most electrochemical sensors are fabricated on rigid substrates, there is a growing need for sensors that can be manufactured on inexpensive and flexible materials. Here, we present a unique embroidered electrochemical sensor that is capable of quantitative analytical measurements using raw biofluid samples. Conductive threads immobilized with enzyme probes were generated using a simple and robust fabrication process and used to fabricate flexible, mechanically robust electrodes on textiles. For proof of concept, measurements were performed to detect glucose and lactate in buffer and whole blood samples, which exhibited excellent specificity and accuracy. We also demonstrate that our embroidered biosensor can be readily fabricated in two-dimensional (2D) arrays for multiplexed measurements. Lastly, we show that this biosensor exhibits good resiliency against mechanical stress and superior repeatability, which are important requirements for flexible sensor platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Peter B Lillehoj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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27
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Modali A, Vanjari SRK, Dendukuri D. Wearable Woven Electrochemical Biosensor Patch for Non-invasive Diagnostics. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Parrilla M, Cánovas R, Jeerapan I, Andrade FJ, Wang J. A Textile-Based Stretchable Multi-Ion Potentiometric Sensor. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:996-1001. [PMID: 26959998 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A textile-based wearable multi-ion potentiometric sensor array is described. The printed flexible sensors operate favorably under extreme mechanical strains (that reflect daily activity) while offering attractive real-time noninvasive monitoring of electrolytes such as sodium and potassium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Parrilla
- Department of NanoEngineering; University of California; San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Rocío Cánovas
- Department of NanoEngineering; University of California; San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Itthipon Jeerapan
- Department of NanoEngineering; University of California; San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Francisco J. Andrade
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1 Tarragona 43007 Spain
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering; University of California; San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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29
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Steinberg MD, Kassal P, Steinberg IM. System Architectures in Wearable Electrochemical Sensors. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Agustini D, Bergamini MF, Marcolino-Junior LH. Low cost microfluidic device based on cotton threads for electroanalytical application. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:345-52. [PMID: 26659997 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01348h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices are an interesting alternative for performing analytical assays, due to the speed of analyses, reduced sample, reagent and solvent consumption and less waste generation. However, the high manufacturing costs still prevent the massive use of these devices worldwide. Here, we present the construction of a low cost microfluidic thread-based electroanalytical device (μTED), employing extremely cheap materials and a manufacturing process free of equipment. The microfluidic channels were built with cotton threads and the estimated cost per device was only $0.39. The flow of solutions (1.12 μL s(-1)) is generated spontaneously due to the capillary forces, eliminating the use of any pumping system. To demonstrate the analytical performance of the μTED, a simultaneous determination of acetaminophen (ACT) and diclofenac (DCF) was performed by multiple pulse amperometry (MPA). A linear dynamic range (LDR) of 10 to 320 μmol L(-1) for both species, a limit of detection (LOD) and a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 1.4 and 4.7 μmol L(-1) and 2.5 and 8.3 μmol L(-1) for ACT and DCF, respectively, as well as an analytical frequency of 45 injections per hour were reached. Thus, the proposed device has shown potential to extend the use of microfluidic analytical devices, due to its simplicity, low cost and good analytical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deonir Agustini
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.
| | - Márcio F Bergamini
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Humberto Marcolino-Junior
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.
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31
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Bandodkar AJ, Jeerapan I, You JM, Nuñez-Flores R, Wang J. Highly Stretchable Fully-Printed CNT-Based Electrochemical Sensors and Biofuel Cells: Combining Intrinsic and Design-Induced Stretchability. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:721-7. [PMID: 26694819 PMCID: PMC4713296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We present the first example of an all-printed, inexpensive, highly stretchable CNT-based electrochemical sensor and biofuel cell array. The synergistic effect of utilizing specially tailored screen printable stretchable inks that combine the attractive electrical and mechanical properties of CNTs with the elastomeric properties of polyurethane as a binder along with a judiciously designed free-standing serpentine pattern enables the printed device to possess two degrees of stretchability. Owing to these synergistic design and nanomaterial-based ink effects, the device withstands extremely large levels of strains (up to 500% strain) with negligible effect on its structural integrity and performance. This represents the highest stretchability offered by a printed device reported to date. Extensive electrochemical characterization of the printed device reveal that repeated stretching, torsional twisting, and indenting stress has negligible impact on its electrochemical properties. The wide-range applicability of this platform to realize highly stretchable CNT-based electrochemical sensors and biofuel cells has been demonstrated by fabricating and characterizing potentiometric ammonium sensor, amperometric enzyme-based glucose sensor, enzymatic glucose biofuel cell, and self-powered biosensor. Highly stretchable printable multianalyte sensor, multifuel biofuel cell, or any combination thereof can thus be realized using the printed CNT array. Such combination of intrinsically stretchable printed nanomaterial-based electrodes and strain-enduring design patterns holds considerable promise for creating an attractive class of inexpensive multifunctional, highly stretchable printed devices that satisfy the requirements of diverse healthcare and energy fields wherein resilience toward extreme mechanical deformations is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joseph Wang
- ; Fax: +1 (858) 534 9553; Tel: +1 (858) 246 0128
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32
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Zhang W, Zhu S, Luque R, Han S, Hu L, Xu G. Recent development of carbon electrode materials and their bioanalytical and environmental applications. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:715-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00297d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
New synthetic approaches, materials, properties, electroanalytical applications and perspectives of carbon materials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Shuyun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Rafael Luque
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Shuang Han
- Shenyang University of Chemical Technology
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Lianzhe Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
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33
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Textile-based sampling for potentiometric determination of ions. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 877:71-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Steinberg MD, Kassal P, Kereković I, Steinberg IM. A wireless potentiostat for mobile chemical sensing and biosensing. Talanta 2015; 143:178-183. [PMID: 26078146 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Wireless chemical sensors are used as analytical devices in homeland defence, home-based healthcare, food logistics and more generally for the Sensor Internet of Things (SIoT). Presented here is a battery-powered and highly portable credit-card size potentiostat that is suitable for performing mobile and wearable amperometric electrochemical measurements with seamless wireless data transfer to mobile computing devices. The mobile electrochemical analytical system has been evaluated in the laboratory with a model redox system - the reduction of hexacyanoferrate(III) - and also with commercially available enzymatic blood-glucose test-strips. The potentiostat communicates wirelessly with mobile devices such as tablets or Smartphones by near-field communication (NFC) or with personal computers by radio-frequency identification (RFID), and thus provides a solution to the 'missing link' in connectivity that often exists between low-cost mobile and wearable chemical sensors and ubiquitous mobile computing products. The mobile potentiostat has been evaluated in the laboratory with a set of proof-of-concept experiments, and its analytical performance compared with a commercial laboratory potentiostat (R(2)=0.9999). These first experimental results demonstrate the functionality of the wireless potentiostat and suggest that the device could be suitable for wearable and point-of-sample analytical measurements. We conclude that the wireless potentiostat could contribute significantly to the advancement of mobile chemical sensor research and adoption, in particular for wearable sensors in healthcare and sport physiology, for wound monitoring and in mobile point-of-sample diagnostics as well as more generally as a part of the Sensor Internet of Things.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petar Kassal
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Kereković
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Murković Steinberg
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Brunetti B, Valdés-Ramírez G, Litvan I, Wang J. A disposable electrochemical biosensor for l-DOPA determination in undiluted human serum. Electrochem commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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37
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Non-invasive wearable electrochemical sensors: a review. Trends Biotechnol 2014; 32:363-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 778] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Li J, Feng H, Feng Y, Liu J, Liu Y, Jiang J, Qian D. A glassy carbon electrode modified with β-cyclodextin, multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide for sensitive determination of 1,3-dinitrobenzene. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Malon RSP, Chua KY, Wicaksono DHB, Córcoles EP. Cotton fabric-based electrochemical device for lactate measurement in saliva. Analyst 2014; 139:3009-16. [PMID: 24776756 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00201f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lactate measurement is vital in clinical diagnostics especially among trauma and sepsis patients. In recent years, it has been shown that saliva samples are an excellent applicable alternative for non-invasive measurement of lactate. In this study, we describe a method for the determination of lactate concentration in saliva samples by using a simple and low-cost cotton fabric-based electrochemical device (FED). The device was fabricated using template method for patterning the electrodes and wax-patterning technique for creating the sample placement/reaction zone. Lactate oxidase (LOx) enzyme was immobilised at the reaction zone using a simple entrapment method. The LOx enzymatic reaction product, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was measured using chronoamperometric measurements at the optimal detection potential (-0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl), in which the device exhibited a linear working range between 0.1 to 5 mM, sensitivity (slope) of 0.3169 μA mM(-1) and detection limit of 0.3 mM. The low detection limit and wide linear range were suitable to measure salivary lactate (SL) concentration, thus saliva samples obtained under fasting conditions and after meals were evaluated using the FED. The measured SL varied among subjects and increased after meals randomly. The proposed device provides a suitable analytical alternative for rapid and non-invasive determination of lactate in saliva samples. The device can also be adapted to a variety of other assays that requires simplicity, low-cost, portability and flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha S P Malon
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering (FBME), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
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40
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Pablos JL, Trigo-López M, Serna F, García FC, García JM. Solid polymer substrates and smart fibres for the selective visual detection of TNT both in vapour and in aqueous media. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02716g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual detection of the explosive TNT with sensory polymer films and coated fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús L. Pablos
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Miriam Trigo-López
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Felipe Serna
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Félix C. García
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - José M. García
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001 Burgos, Spain
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Pablos JL, Trigo-López M, Serna F, García FC, García JM. Water-soluble polymers, solid polymer membranes, and coated fibres as smart sensory materials for the naked eye detection and quantification of TNT in aqueous media. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2484-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49260e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The naked eye detection of TNT in aqueous environments using solid colorimetric sensory polymers and fibres, and in surfaces using water-soluble sensory polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús L. Pablos
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Miriam Trigo-López
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Felipe Serna
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Félix C. García
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - José M. García
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001 Burgos, Spain
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Fernández E, Vidal L, Iniesta J, Metters JP, Banks CE, Canals A. Screen-printed electrode-based electrochemical detector coupled with in-situ ionic-liquid-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for determination of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:2197-204. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Caygill JS, Collyer SD, Holmes JL, Davis F, Higson SPJ. Electrochemical Detection of TNT at Cobalt Phthalocyanine Mediated Screen-Printed Electrodes and Application to Detection of Airborne Vapours. ELECTROANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Caygill JS, Collyer SD, Holmes JL, Davis F, Higson SPJ. Disposable screen-printed sensors for the electrochemical detection of TNT and DNT. Analyst 2013; 138:346-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an36351h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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46
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Fierke MA, Olson EJ, Bühlmann P, Stein A. Receptor-based detection of 2,4-dinitrotoluene using modified three-dimensionally ordered macroporous carbon electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:4731-4739. [PMID: 22905948 DOI: 10.1021/am301108a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Detection of explosives, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), is becoming increasingly important. Here, 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT, a common analogue of TNT) is detected electrochemically. A receptor based electrode for the detection of DNT was prepared by modifying the surface of the walls of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) carbon. Nitrophenyl groups were first attached by the electrochemical reduction of 4-nitrobenzenediazonium ions, followed by potentiostatic reduction to aminophenyl groups. Chemical functionalization reactions were then performed to synthesize the receptor, which contains two urea groups, and a terminal primary amine. Detection of DNT using cyclic voltammetry was impeded by a large background current that resulted from the capacitance of 3DOM carbon. Detection by square wave voltammetry eliminated the background current and improved the detection limit. Unfunctionalized 3DOM carbon electrodes showed no response to DNT, whereas the receptor-modified electrodes responded to DNT with a detection limit of 10 μM. Detection of DNT was possible even in the presence of interferents such as nitrobenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Fierke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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O'Mahony AM, Valdés-Ramírez G, Windmiller JR, Samek IA, Wang J. Orthogonal Detection of Nitroaromatic Explosives via Direct Voltammetry Coupled to Enzyme-Mediated Biocatalysis. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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49
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Windmiller JR, Bandodkar AJ, Valdés-Ramírez G, Parkhomovsky S, Martinez AG, Wang J. Electrochemical sensing based on printable temporary transfer tattoos. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:6794-6. [PMID: 22669136 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc32839a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The realization of epidermal chemical sensing requires a fabrication methodology compatible with the non-planarity and irregularities of the human anatomy. This communication describes the development of printed temporary transfer tattoo (T3) electrochemical sensors for physiological and security monitoring of chemical constituents leading to the demonstration of 'electronic skin'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Ray Windmiller
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448, USA
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50
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Current trends in explosive detection techniques. Talanta 2012; 88:14-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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