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Song Y, Wu H, He X, Fang C, Song Q, Chen M, Liu Z, Lu Y, Yu B, Liu T, Zhang J, Xu FJ. Triboelectric Nanogenerator Made with Stretchable, Antibacterial Hydrogel Electrodes for Biomechanical Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:50630-50639. [PMID: 39264306 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attracted widespread attention as a promising candidate for energy harvesting due to their flexibility and high power density. To meet diverse application scenarios, a highly stretchable (349%), conductive (1.87 S m-1), and antibacterial electrode composed of carbon quantum dots/LiCl/agar-polyacrylamide (CQDs/LiCl/agar-PAAm) dual-network (DN) hydrogel is developed for wearable TENGs. Notably, the concentration of agar alters the pore spacing and pore size of the DN hydrogel, thereby impacting the network cross-linking density and the migration of conductive ions (Li+ and Cl-). This variation further affects the mechanical strength and conductivity of the hydrogel electrode, thus modulating the mechanical stability and electrical output performance of the TENGs. With the optimal agar content, the tensile strength and conductivity of the hydrogel electrode increase by 211 and 719%, respectively. This enhancement ensures the stable output of TENGs during continuous operation (6000 cycles), with open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and transferred charge increasing by 200, 530, and 155%, respectively. Additionally, doping with CQDs enables the hydrogel electrode to effectively inhibit the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Finally, the TENGs are utilized as a self-power smart ring for efficient and concise information transmission via Morse code. Consequently, this study introduces a creative approach for designing and implementing multifunctional, flexible wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hanjunyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiangtian He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chunlei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Minghao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zerui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bingran Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jicai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fu-Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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2
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Emerson AE, Sugamura Y, Mazboudi J, Abdallah TM, Seaton CD, Ghasemi A, Kodibagkar VD, Weaver JD. pO 2 reporter composite hydrogel macroencapsulation devices for magnetic resonance imaging oxygen quantification. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:1506-1517. [PMID: 38488241 PMCID: PMC11239328 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel cell encapsulation devices are a common approach to reduce the need for chronic systemic immunosuppression in allogeneic cell product transplantation. Macroencapsulation approaches are an appealing strategy, as they maximize graft retrievability and cell dosage within a single device; however, macroencapsulation devices face oxygen transport challenges as geometries increase from preclinical to clinical scales. Device design guided by computational approaches can facilitate graft oxygen availability to encapsulated cells in vivo but is limited without accurate measurement of oxygen levels within the transplant site and graft. In this study, we engineer pO2 reporter composite hydrogels (PORCH) to enable spatiotemporal measurement of oxygen tension within macroencapsulation devices using the proton Imaging of siloxanes to map tissue oxygenation levels (PISTOL) magnetic resonance imaging approach. We engineer two methods of incorporating siloxane oximetry reporters within hydrogel devices, an emulsion and microbead-based approach, and evaluate PORCH cytotoxicity on co-encapsulated cells and accuracy in quantifying oxygen tension in vitro. We find that both emulsion and microbead PORCH approaches enable accurate in situ oxygen quantification using PISTOL magnetic resonance oximetry, and that the emulsion-based PORCH approach results in higher spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Emerson
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Yuka Sugamura
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jad Mazboudi
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Tuhfah M Abdallah
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Charmayne D Seaton
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Azin Ghasemi
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Vikram D Kodibagkar
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jessica D Weaver
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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3
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Liu C, Corrie S, Regenauer-Lieb K, Hu M. Deciphering immunodiffusion: In silico optimization for faster protein diagnostics. Talanta 2024; 277:126385. [PMID: 38870760 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Immunodiffusion tests offer a simple yet powerful method for detecting protein antigens, but their long assay times hinder clinical utility. We unveil the complex interplay of parameters governing this process using finite element simulations. By meticulously validating our model against real-world data, we elucidate how initial concentrations and diffusivities of antigen and antibody shape the intensity, size, and formation time of the precipitin ring. Our key innovation lies in employing phase diagram analysis to map the combined effects of these parameters on assay performance. This framework enables rapid in silico parameter estimation, paving the way for the design of novel immunodiffusion assays with drastically reduced assay times. The presented approach holds immense potential for optimizing protein diagnostics for fast and reliable diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Corrie
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia; Bioresource Processing Research Institute of (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia; Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Klaus Regenauer-Lieb
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Manman Hu
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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4
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Fischer K, Lulla A, So TY, Pereyra-Gerber P, Raybould MIJ, Kohler TN, Yam-Puc JC, Kaminski TS, Hughes R, Pyeatt GL, Leiss-Maier F, Brear P, Matheson NJ, Deane CM, Hyvönen M, Thaventhiran JED, Hollfelder F. Rapid discovery of monoclonal antibodies by microfluidics-enabled FACS of single pathogen-specific antibody-secreting cells. Nat Biotechnol 2024:10.1038/s41587-024-02346-5. [PMID: 39143416 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-024-02346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are increasingly used to prevent and treat viral infections and are pivotal in pandemic response efforts. Antibody-secreting cells (ASCs; plasma cells and plasmablasts) are an excellent source of high-affinity antibodies with therapeutic potential. Current methods to study antigen-specific ASCs either have low throughput, require expensive and labor-intensive screening or are technically demanding and therefore not widely accessible. Here we present a straightforward technology for the rapid discovery of monoclonal antibodies from ASCs. Our approach combines microfluidic encapsulation of single cells into an antibody capture hydrogel with antigen bait sorting by conventional flow cytometry. With our technology, we screened millions of mouse and human ASCs and obtained monoclonal antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with high affinity (<1 pM) and neutralizing capacity (<100 ng ml-1) in 2 weeks with a high hit rate (>85% of characterized antibodies bound the target). By facilitating access to the underexplored ASC compartment, the approach enables efficient antibody discovery and immunological studies into the generation of protective antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aleksei Lulla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tsz Y So
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Gleeson Building, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pehuén Pereyra-Gerber
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew I J Raybould
- Oxford Protein Informatics Group, Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timo N Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Tomasz S Kaminski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Hughes
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Gleeson Building, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Paul Brear
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Matheson
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charlotte M Deane
- Oxford Protein Informatics Group, Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marko Hyvönen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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5
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Ivashchenko O. Layered complexity, reorganisational ability and self-healing mechanisms of heteropolysaccharide solutions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13957. [PMID: 38886515 PMCID: PMC11183217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Heteropolysaccharides are among the most widely distributed compounds in nature, acting as both tissue building blocks and as a source of nutrients. Their physicochemical and biological properties have been studied thoroughly; however, the microstructural properties of heteropolysaccharides are still poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the micro-structural peculiarities of agarose, gum arabic, hyaluronic and alginic acids by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). Herein, attention is paid to layered complexity of the microstructure differentiating surface, under surface, inner, and substrate interface layers. The scale and pattern of the polysaccharide's microstructure depend on the concentration, changing from lamellae to cell-like porous structures. This work provides the insight into micro- and nanoscale mechanisms of self-healing and substrate-induced reorganisation. Thus, investigation of the self-healing mechanism revealed that this diffusion-based process starts from the fibres, turning into lamellae, following by cell-like structures with smaller dimensions. Investigation of the substrate-induced reorganisation ability showed that nano-to-micro (scale) porous substrate causes reorganisation in the interface layer of the studied heteropolysaccharides. This work contributes to understanding the structural peculiarities of heteropolysaccharides by looking at them through a supramolecular, micro-level prism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Ivashchenko
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 85, 61614, Poznań, Poland.
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6
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Noh DH, Zadeh AH, Zhang H, Wang F, Ryu S, Zhang C, Kim S. Convection-Enhanced Drug Delivery: Experimental and Analytical Studies of Infusion Behavior in an In Vitro Brain Surrogate. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1693-1705. [PMID: 38502430 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Convection-enhanced drug delivery (CED) directly infuses drugs with a large molecular weight toward target cells as a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancers. Despite the success of many previous in vitro experiments on CED, challenges still remain. In particular, a theoretical predictive model is needed to form a basis for treatment planning, and developing such a model requires well-controlled injection tests that can rigorously capture the convective (advective) and diffusive transport of an infusate. For this purpose, we investigated the advection-diffusion transport of an infusate (bromophenol blue solution) in the brain surrogate (0.2% w/w agarose gel) at different injection rates, ranging from 0.25 to 4 μL/min, by closely monitoring changes in the color intensity, propagation distance, and injection pressures. One dimensional closed-form solution was examined with two variable sets, such as the mathematically calculated coefficient of molecular diffusion and average velocity, and the hydraulic dispersion coefficient and seepage velocity by the least squared method. As a result, the seepage velocity was greater than the average velocity to some extent, particularly for the later infusion times. The poroelastic deformation in the brain surrogate might lead to changes in porosity, and consequently, slight increases in the actual flow velocity as infusion continues. The limitation of efficiency of the single catheter was analyzed by dimensionless analysis. Lastly, this study suggests a simple but robust approach that can properly capture the convective (advective) and diffusive transport of an infusate in an in vitro brain surrogate via well-controlled injection tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hwa Noh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Amin Hosseini Zadeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Alfred Benesch & Company, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska-Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sangjin Ryu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering; Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska-Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Seunghee Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.
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7
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Ward CL, Cornejo MA, Peli Thanthri SH, Linz TH. A review of electrophoretic separations in temperature-responsive Pluronic thermal gels. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1276:341613. [PMID: 37573098 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Gel electrophoresis is a ubiquitous bioanalytical technique used in research laboratories to validate protein and nucleic acid samples. Polyacrylamide and agarose have been the gold standard gel materials for decades, but an alternative class of polymer has emerged with potentially superior performance. Pluronic thermal gels are water-soluble polymers that possess the unique ability to undergo a change in viscosity in response to changing temperature. Thermal gels can reversibly convert between low-viscosity liquids and high-viscosity solid gels using temperature as an adjustable parameter. The properties of thermal gels provide unmatched flexibility as a dynamic separations matrix to measure analytes ranging from small molecules to cells. This review article describes the physical and chemical properties of Pluronic thermal gels to provide a fundamental overview of polymer behavior. The performance of thermal gels is then reviewed to highlight their applications as a gel matrix for electrokinetic separations in capillary, microfluidic, and slab gel formats. The use of dynamic temperature-responsive gels in bioanalytical separations is an underexplored area of research but one that holds exciting potential to achieve performance unattainable with conventional static polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Ward
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Lumigen Instrument Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Mario A Cornejo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Thomas H Linz
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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8
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Einen C, Price SEN, Ulvik K, Gjennestad MA, Hansen R, Kjelstrup S, Davies CDL. Nanoparticle Dynamics in Composite Hydrogels Exposed to Low-Frequency Focused Ultrasound. Gels 2023; 9:771. [PMID: 37888344 PMCID: PMC10606116 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulsed focused ultrasound (FUS) in combination with microbubbles has been shown to improve delivery and penetration of nanoparticles in tumors. To understand the mechanisms behind this treatment, it is important to evaluate the contribution of FUS without microbubbles on increased nanoparticle penetration and transport in the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM). A composite agarose hydrogel was made to model the porous structure, the acoustic attenuation and the hydraulic conductivity of the tumor ECM. Single-particle tracking was used as a novel method to monitor nanoparticle dynamics in the hydrogel during FUS exposure. FUS exposure at 1 MHz and 1 MPa was performed to detect any increase in nanoparticle diffusion or particle streaming at acoustic parameters relevant for FUS in combination with microbubbles. Results were compared to a model of acoustic streaming. The nanoparticles displayed anomalous diffusion in the hydrogel, and FUS with a duty cycle of 20% increased the nanoparticle diffusion coefficient by 23%. No increase in diffusion was found for lower duty cycles. FUS displaced the hydrogel itself at duty cycles above 10%; however, acoustic streaming was found to be negligible. In conclusion, pulsed FUS alone cannot explain the enhanced penetration of nanoparticles seen when using FUS and microbubbles for nanoparticle delivery, but it could be used as a tool to enhance diffusion of particles in the tumor ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Einen
- Porelab and Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sebastian E. N. Price
- Porelab and Department of Chemistry, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kim Ulvik
- Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Rune Hansen
- Department of Health Research at SINTEF, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Signe Kjelstrup
- Porelab and Department of Chemistry, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Catharina de Lange Davies
- Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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9
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Moo EK, Ebrahimi M, Hrynevich A, de Ruijter M, Castilho M, Malda J, Korhonen RK. Load-induced fluid pressurisation in hydrogel systems before and after reinforcement by melt-electrowritten fibrous meshes. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 143:105941. [PMID: 37285774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluid pressure develops transiently within mechanically-loaded, cell-embedding hydrogels, but its magnitude depends on the intrinsic material properties of the hydrogel and cannot be easily altered. The recently developed melt-electrowriting (MEW) technique enables three-dimensional printing of structured fibrous mesh with small fibre diameter (20 μm). The MEW mesh with 20 μm fibre diameter can synergistically increase the instantaneous mechanical stiffness of soft hydrogels. However, the reinforcing mechanism of the MEW meshes is not well understood, and may involve load-induced fluid pressurisation. Here, we examined the reinforcing effect of MEW meshes in three hydrogels: gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), agarose and alginate, and the role of load-induced fluid pressurisation in the MEW reinforcement. We tested the hydrogels with and without MEW mesh (i.e., hydrogel alone, and MEW-hydrogel composite) using micro-indentation and unconfined compression, and analysed the mechanical data using biphasic Hertz and mixture models. We found that the MEW mesh altered the tension-to-compression modulus ratio differently for hydrogels that are cross-linked differently, which led to a variable change to their load-induced fluid pressurisation. MEW meshes only enhanced the fluid pressurisation for GelMA, but not for agarose or alginate. We speculate that only covalently cross-linked hydrogels (GelMA) can effectively tense the MEW meshes, thereby enhancing the fluid pressure developed during compressive loading. In conclusion, load-induced fluid pressurisation in selected hydrogels was enhanced by MEW fibrous mesh, and may be controlled by MEW mesh of different designs in the future, thereby making fluid pressure a tunable cell growth stimulus for tissue engineering involving mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng Kuan Moo
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, Canada; Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Canada.
| | | | - Andrei Hrynevich
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Mylène de Ruijter
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands.
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Rami K Korhonen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.
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10
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Wang M, Mahajan A, Miller JS, McKenna DH, Aksan A. Physicochemical Mechanisms of Protection Offered by Agarose Encapsulation during Cryopreservation of Mammalian Cells in the Absence of Membrane-Penetrating Cryoprotectants. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:2226-2236. [PMID: 37212878 PMCID: PMC10330259 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
During freeze/thaw, cells are exposed to mechanical, thermal, chemical, and osmotic stresses, which cause loss of viability and function. Cryopreservation agents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are deployed to minimize freeze/thaw damage. However, there is a pressing need to eliminate DMSO from cryopreservation solutions due to its adverse effects. This is of the highest priority especially for cryopreservation of infusible/transplantable cell therapy products. In order to address this issue, we introduce reversible encapsulation in agarose hydrogels in the presence of the membrane-impermeable cryoprotectant, trehalose, as a viable, safe, and effective cryopreservation method. Our findings, which are supported by IR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry analyses, demonstrate that encapsulation in 0.75% agarose hydrogels containing 10-20% trehalose inhibits mechanical damage induced by eutectic phase change, devitrification, and recrystallization, resulting in post-thaw viability comparable to the gold standard 10% DMSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Advitiya Mahajan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Jeffrey S. Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - David H. McKenna
- Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Alptekin Aksan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- The BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
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11
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Reys LL, Silva SS, Soares da Costa D, Rodrigues LC, Reis RL, Silva TH. Building Fucoidan/Agarose-Based Hydrogels as a Platform for the Development of Therapeutic Approaches against Diabetes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114523. [PMID: 37298999 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Current management for diabetes has stimulated the development of versatile 3D-based hydrogels as in vitro platforms for insulin release and as support for the encapsulation of pancreatic cells and islets of Langerhans. This work aimed to create agarose/fucoidan hydrogels to encapsulate pancreatic cells as a potential biomaterial for diabetes therapeutics. The hydrogels were produced by combining fucoidan (Fu) and agarose (Aga), marine polysaccharides derived from the cell wall of brown and red seaweeds, respectively, and a thermal gelation process. The agarose/fucoidan (AgaFu) blended hydrogels were obtained by dissolving Aga in 3 or 5 wt % Fu aqueous solutions to obtain different proportions (4:10; 5:10, and 7:10 wt). The rheological tests on hydrogels revealed a non-Newtonian and viscoelastic behavior, while the characterization confirmed the presence of the two polymers in the structure of the hydrogels. In addition, the mechanical behavior showed that increasing Aga concentrations resulted in hydrogels with higher Young's modulus. Further, the ability of the developed materials to sustain the viability of human pancreatic cells was assessed by encapsulation of the 1.1B4HP cell line for up to 7 days. The biological assessment of the hydrogels revealed that cultured pancreatic beta cells tended to self-organize and form pseudo-islets during the period studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara L Reys
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Simone S Silva
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Diana Soares da Costa
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luísa C Rodrigues
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tiago H Silva
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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12
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Kim KM, Kim GI, Son GH, Yoo YH, Hong S, Kim JG. New Accelerated Corrosion Test Method Simulating Atmospheric Corrosion of Complex Phase Steel Combining Cyclic Corrosion Test and Electrochemically Accelerated Corrosion Test. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3132. [PMID: 37109969 PMCID: PMC10144511 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The automobile industry commonly uses cyclic corrosion tests (CCTs) to evaluate the durability of materials. However, the extended evaluation period required by CCTs can pose challenges in this fast-paced industry. To address this issue, a new approach that combines a CCT with an electrochemically accelerated corrosion test has been explored, to shorten the evaluation period. This method involves the formation of a corrosion product layer through a CCT, which leads to localized corrosion, followed by applying an electrochemically accelerated corrosion test using an agar gel electrolyte to preserve the corrosion product layer as much as possible. The results indicate that this approach can achieve comparable localized corrosion resistance, with similar localized corrosion area ratios and maximum localized corrosion depths to those obtained through a conventional CCT in half the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Min Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (K.M.K.); (G.-i.K.); (G.-H.S.)
| | - Geon-il Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (K.M.K.); (G.-i.K.); (G.-H.S.)
| | - Gyeong-Ho Son
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (K.M.K.); (G.-i.K.); (G.-H.S.)
| | - Yun-Ha Yoo
- Steel Soution Research Lab., POSCO Global R&D Center, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea; (Y.-H.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Sujik Hong
- Steel Soution Research Lab., POSCO Global R&D Center, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea; (Y.-H.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Jung-Gu Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (K.M.K.); (G.-i.K.); (G.-H.S.)
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13
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Suzuki R, Karasawa A, Gomita A, Abe M, Kojima K, Tachibana M. Unique Mechanical Properties of Gel-Incorporating Protein Crystals. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:965-972. [PMID: 36802463 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline materials that are grown in gel media exhibit reinforced mechanical characteristics. Studies on the mechanical properties of protein crystals are limited in numbers because of the difficulty in growing high-quality large crystals. This study shows the demonstration of the unique macroscopic mechanical properties by compression tests of large protein crystals grown in both solution and agarose gel. Particularly, the gel-incorporating protein crystals exhibit larger elastic limits and a higher fracture stress compared with the native protein crystals without gel. Conversely, the change in the Young's modulus corresponding to if the crystals incorporate the gel network is negligible. This suggests that gel networks affect only the fracture phenomenon. Thus, reinforced mechanical characteristics that cannot be obtained by the gel or the protein crystal alone can be developed. By combining the gel media and protein crystals, the gel-incorporating protein crystals show the potential to toughen without sacrificing other mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Suzuki
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ayano Karasawa
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Ayaka Gomita
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Marina Abe
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kojima
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Masaru Tachibana
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
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14
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Nguyen-Le TA, Zhao X, Bachmann M, Ruelens P, de Visser JAGM, Baraban L. High-Throughput Gel Microbeads as Incubators for Bacterial Competition Study. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:645. [PMID: 36985052 PMCID: PMC10058504 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria primarily live in structured environments, such as colonies and biofilms, attached to surfaces or growing within soft tissues. They are engaged in local competitive and cooperative interactions impacting our health and well-being, for example, by affecting population-level drug resistance. Our knowledge of bacterial competition and cooperation within soft matrices is incomplete, partly because we lack high-throughput tools to quantitatively study their interactions. Here, we introduce a method to generate a large amount of agarose microbeads that mimic the natural culture conditions experienced by bacteria to co-encapsulate two strains of fluorescence-labeled Escherichia coli. Focusing specifically on low bacterial inoculum (1-100 cells/capsule), we demonstrate a study on the formation of colonies of both strains within these 3D scaffolds and follow their growth kinetics and interaction using fluorescence microscopy in highly replicated experiments. We confirmed that the average final colony size is inversely proportional to the inoculum size in this semi-solid environment as a result of limited available resources. Furthermore, the colony shape and fluorescence intensity per colony are distinctly different in monoculture and co-culture. The experimental observations in mono- and co-culture are compared with predictions from a simple growth model. We suggest that our high throughput and small footprint microbead system is an excellent platform for future investigation of competitive and cooperative interactions in bacterial communities under diverse conditions, including antibiotics stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Anh Nguyen-Le
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V. (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinne Zhao
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V. (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V. (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Philip Ruelens
- Department of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Arjan G. M. de Visser
- Department of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Larysa Baraban
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V. (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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15
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Rahbarian H, Nojavan S, Maghsoudi M, Tabani H. In-tube gel electromembrane extraction: A green strategy for the extraction of narcotic drugs from biological samples. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1688:463714. [PMID: 36565655 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of green and miniature extraction methods is always a major and controversial challenge in the field of sample preparation. In this work, in-tube gel electromembrane extraction (IT-G-EME) was developed as a miniaturized extraction device for the extraction of six narcotic drugs (codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, tramadol, thebaine, and noscapine) from biological samples. A transparent capillary tube (∼6 cm) was used as a microextraction unit. The middle part of the tube was filled with a narrow plug (∼3 mm) of the agarose gel (3.0% w/v) as a membrane and the other sides were filled with aqueous extractant solution (pH 2.0, 20 µL) and sample solution (pH 5.0, 200 µL). By applying electrical potential (400 V), the target drugs with positive charge were migrated from sample solution toward the extractant solution through gel membrane during short extraction time (5 min). Then, the enriched analytes in extractant solution was analyzed by HPLC-UV. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curves were linear within the permissible range of 10.0-1500 ng/mL (r2 ≥ 0.991). Limits of detection and extraction recoveries were in the range of 3.0-4.5 ng/mL and 61.9-86.9%, respectively. On the basis of four replications, the repeatability of the method was also evaluated in terms of intra- and inter-day RSDs (%), which did not exceed from 6.6 and 7.9%, respectively in aqueous media. The figures of merit were also assessed in biological samples. Eventually, the developed method was profitably used for simultaneous determination of narcotic drugs in the real urine and plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Rahbarian
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Maghsoudi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Tabani
- Department of Environmental Geology, Research Institute of Applied Sciences (ACECR), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Kim J, Kim BK, Park K. Electrodeposition of Silver Nanoparticles on Indium-Doped Tin Oxide Using Hydrogel Electrolyte for Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:nano13010048. [PMID: 36615957 PMCID: PMC9824541 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are used in various fields, including fuel cells, energy conversion devices, and sensors, because of their large surface area and excellent catalytic properties. Although various methods of synthesizing nanoparticles are available, the most popular is the solution-phase reduction of metal ions. Electrodeposition is a method of reducing metal ions in solution and is widely used because of its various advantages. In this study, Ag nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution were evenly dispersed on the surface of an electrode by applying electrodeposition in an agarose hydrogel medium instead of in solution, confirming the feasibility of Ag deposition in agarose hydrogel, even at a lower reduction potential than that in solution. These results are attributed to the electrolyte effect owing to the hydrophilic backbone of the agarose hydrogel and the gel effect, which reduces unexpected convection. H2O2 was detected by using the Ag nanoparticles synthesized in agarose hydrogel, and the limit of detection for H2O2 was found to be 4.82 µM, with a dynamic range of 1-500 µM. The nanoparticle synthesis platform proposed in this study is expected to be actively used for the synthesis of other metal/nonmetal nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (B.-K.K.); (K.P.); Tel.: +82-2-3277-6578 (B.-K.K.); +82-64-754-3545 (K.P.); Fax: +82-2-3277-2385 (B.-K.K.); +82-64-756-3561 (K.P.)
| | - Kyungsoon Park
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (B.-K.K.); (K.P.); Tel.: +82-2-3277-6578 (B.-K.K.); +82-64-754-3545 (K.P.); Fax: +82-2-3277-2385 (B.-K.K.); +82-64-756-3561 (K.P.)
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17
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Spontaneous and Electrically Induced Anisotropy of Composite Agarose Gels. Gels 2022; 8:gels8110753. [DOI: 10.3390/gels8110753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Agarose gels containing and not bacteriorhodopsin purple membranes (incorporated before gelling) manifest spontaneous optical anisotropy. The dependencies of the anisotropy on the agarose concentration and time have been studied. The rise in the anisotropy is explained by the predominant orientation of the agarose fibers during the gelling and subsequent deformation of the gel net. In the electric field, additional optical anisotropy rises, which is caused by the orientation of the membranes. A procedure has been developed to separate electrically induced and spontaneous anisotropy in composite gels. The isoelectric points and surface electric potential of bacteriorhodopsin trimer and purple membranes are calculated by the method of protein electrostatics to explain their electric asymmetry, which leads to perpendicular orientation in the direct electric field and longitudinal in the kilohertz sinusoidal field. The results allow for an increase in the separation capability of composite gels of electrophoresis for macromolecules with different sizes by applying an appropriate electric field to modulate the effective pore size.
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18
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Xue C, Huang Y, Zheng X, Hu G. Hopping Behavior Mediates the Anomalous Confined Diffusion of Nanoparticles in Porous Hydrogels. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10612-10620. [PMID: 36350083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion is an essential means of mass transport in porous materials such as hydrogels, which are appealing in various biomedical applications. Herein, we investigate the diffusive motion of nanoparticles (NPs) in porous hydrogels to provide a microscopic view of confined diffusion. Based on the mean square displacement from particle tracking experiments, we elucidate the anomalous diffusion dynamics of the embedded NPs and reveal the heterogeneous pore structures in hydrogels. The results demonstrate that diffusive NPs can intermittently escape from single pores through void connective pathways and exhibit non-Gaussian displacement probability distribution. We simulate this scenario using the Monte Carlo method and clarify the existence of hopping events in porous diffusion. The resultant anomalous diffusion can be fully depicted by combining the hopping mechanism and the hydrodynamic effect. Our results highlight the hopping behavior through the connective pathways and establish a hybrid model to predict NP transport in porous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chundong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
| | - Yirong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
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19
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Esteban-Linares A, Wareham LK, Walmsley TS, Holden JM, Fitzgerald ML, Pan Z, Xu YQ, Li D. Dynamic Observation of Retinal Response to Pressure Elevation in a Microfluidic Chamber. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12297-12304. [PMID: 36018813 PMCID: PMC10519618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic observation of cell and tissue responses to elevated pressure could help our understanding of important physiological and pathological processes related to pressure-induced injury. Here, we report on a microfluidic platform capable of maintaining a wide range of stable operating pressures (30 to 200 mmHg) while using a low flowrate (2-14 μL/h) to limit shear stress. This is achieved by forcing flow through a porous resistance matrix composed of agarose gel downstream of a microfluidic chamber. The flow characteristics were investigated and the permeabilities of the agarose with four different concentrations were extracted, agreeing well with results found in the literature. To demonstrate the capability of the device, we measured the change in intracellular Ca2+ levels of retinal ganglion cells in whole mouse retina in response to pressure. The onset of enhanced pressure results in, on average, an immediate 119.16% increase in the intracellular Ca2+ levels of retinal ganglion cells. The demonstrated microfluidic platform could be widely used to probe cell and tissue responses to elevated pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren K. Wareham
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Thayer S. Walmsley
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Joseph M. Holden
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Matthew L. Fitzgerald
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Zhiliang Pan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Ya-Qiong Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
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20
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Senzano LM, Bovo RP, Andrade DV. Empirical estimation of skin resistance to water loss in amphibians: agar evaluation as a non-resistance model to evaporation. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:276192. [PMID: 35818822 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Total resistance (RT) to evaporative water loss (EWL) in amphibians is given by the sum of the boundary layer (rb) and the skin resistance (rs). Thus, rs can be determined if the rb component is defined (rs=RT - rb). The use of agar models has become the standard technique to estimate rb under the assumption that agar surface imposes no barrier to evaporation (rs=0). We evaluated this assumption by determining EWL rates and rb values from exposed surfaces of free water, a physiological solution mimicking the osmotic properties of a generalized amphibian, and agar gels prepared at various concentrations either using water or physiological solution as diluent. Water evaporation was affected by both, the presence of solutes and agar concentration. Models prepared with agar at 5% concentration in water provided the most practical and appropriate proxy for the estimation of rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Senzano
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael P Bovo
- Departmento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denis V Andrade
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Bochert I, Günther JP, Fischer P, Majer G. Diffusion mechanisms of DNA in agarose gels: NMR studies and Monte Carlo simulations. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:245103. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0092568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the diffusion mechanism of short, single-stranded DNA molecules with up to 100 nucleobases in agarose gels with concentrations of up to 2.0% with the aim to characterize the DNA–agarose interaction. The diffusion coefficients were measured directly, i.e., without any model assumptions, by pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG-NMR). We find that the diffusion coefficient decreases, as expected, with an increase in both DNA strand length and gel concentration. In addition, we performed Monte Carlo simulations of particle diffusion in a model network of polymer chains, considering our experimental conditions. Together, the Monte Carlo simulations and the PFG-NMR results show that the decrease in diffusion coefficients in the presence of the agarose gel is due to a temporary adhesion of the DNA molecules to the surface of gel fibers. The average adhesion time to a given gel fiber increases with the length of the DNA strands but is independent of the number of gel fibers. The corresponding magnitude of the binding enthalpies of DNA strands to gel fibers indicates that a mixture of van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding contributes to the decreased diffusion of DNA in agarose gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Bochert
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan-Philipp Günther
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peer Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Günter Majer
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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22
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Wu T, Guillon M, Gentner C, Rigneault H, Tessier G, Bon P, Berto P. 3D nanoparticle superlocalization with a thin diffuser. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:3079-3082. [PMID: 35709055 DOI: 10.1364/ol.453813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report on the use of a thin diffuser placed in the close vicinity of a camera sensor as a simple and effective way to superlocalize plasmonic nanoparticles in 3D. This method is based on holographic reconstruction via quantitative phase and intensity measurements of a light field after its interaction with nanoparticles. We experimentally demonstrate that this thin diffuser can be used as a simple add-on to a standard bright-field microscope to allow the localization of 100 nm gold nanoparticles at video rate with nanometer precision (1.3 nm laterally and 6.3 nm longitudinally). We exemplify the approach by revealing the dynamic Brownian trajectory of a gold nanoparticle trapped in various pockets within an agarose gel. The proposed method provides a simple but highly performant way to track nanoparticles in 3D.
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23
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Kim BK, Park K. Mass Transport Properties and Influence of Natural Convection for Voltammetry at the Agarose Hydrogel Interface. J ELECTROCHEM SCI TE 2022. [DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2022.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Cameron AP, Zeng B, Liu Y, Wang H, Soheilmoghaddam F, Cooper-White J, Zhao CX. Biophysical properties of hydrogels for mimicking tumor extracellular matrix. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 136:212782. [PMID: 35929332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential component of the tumor microenvironment. It plays a critical role in regulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. However, there is lack of systematic and comparative studies on different widely-used ECM mimicking hydrogels and their properties, making the selection of suitable hydrogels for mimicking different in vivo conditions quite random. This study systematically evaluates the biophysical attributes of three widely used natural hydrogels (Matrigel, collagen gel and agarose gel) including complex modulus, loss tangent, diffusive permeability and pore size. A new and facile method was developed combining Critical Point Drying, Scanning Electron Microscopy imaging and a MATLAB image processing program (CSM method) for the characterization of hydrogel microstructures. This CSM method allows accurate measurement of the hydrogel pore size down to nanometer resolution. Furthermore, a microfluidic device was implemented to measure the hydrogel permeability (Pd) as a function of particle size and gel concentration. Among the three gels, collagen gel has the lowest complex modulus, medium pore size, and the highest loss tangent. Agarose gel exhibits the highest complex modulus, the lowest loss tangent and the smallest pore size. Collagen gel and Matrigel produced complex moduli close to that estimated for cancer ECM. The Pd of these hydrogels decreases significantly with the increase of particle size. By assessing different hydrogels' biophysical characteristics, this study provides valuable insights for tailoring their properties for various three-dimensional cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Cameron
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bijun Zeng
- Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yun Liu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Haofei Wang
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Farhad Soheilmoghaddam
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Justin Cooper-White
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Chun-Xia Zhao
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Müller J, Jäkel AC, Richter J, Eder M, Falgenhauer E, Simmel FC. Bacterial Growth, Communication, and Guided Chemotaxis in 3D-Bioprinted Hydrogel Environments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:15871-15880. [PMID: 35349260 PMCID: PMC9012179 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting of engineered bacteria is of great interest for applications of synthetic biology in the context of living biomaterials, but so far, only a few viable approaches are available for the printing of gels hosting live Escherichia coli bacteria. Here, we develop a gentle extrusion-based bioprinting method based on an inexpensive alginate/agarose ink mixture that enables printing of E. coli into three-dimensional hydrogel structures up to 10 mm in height. We first characterize the rheological properties of the gel ink and then study the growth of the bacteria inside printed structures. We show that the maturation of fluorescent proteins deep within the printed structures can be facilitated by the addition of a calcium peroxide-based oxygen generation system. We then utilize the bioprinter to control different types of interactions between bacteria that depend on their spatial position. We next show quorum-sensing-based chemical communication between the engineered sender and receiver bacteria placed at different positions inside the bioprinted structure and finally demonstrate the fabrication of barrier structures defined by nonmotile bacteria that can guide the movement of chemotactic bacteria inside a gel. We anticipate that a combination of 3D bioprinting and synthetic biological approaches will lead to the development of living biomaterials containing engineered bacteria as dynamic functional units.
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Kim C, Choi WJ, Kang W. Cavitation nucleation and its ductile-to-brittle shape transition in soft gels under translational mechanical impact. Acta Biomater 2022; 142:160-173. [PMID: 35189381 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cavitation bubbles in the human body, when subjected to impact, are being increasingly considered as a possible brain injury mechanism. However, the onset of cavitation and its complex dynamics in biological materials remain unclear. Our experimental results using soft gels as a tissue simulant show that the critical acceleration (acr) at cavitation nucleation monotonically increases with increasing stiffness of gelatin A/B, while acr for agarose and agar initially increases but is followed by a plateau or even decrease after stiffness reach to ∼100 kPa. Our image analyses of cavitation bubbles and theoretical work reveal that the observed trends in acr are directly linked to how bubbles grow in each gel. Gelatin A/B, regardless of their stiffness, form a localized damaged zone (tens of nanometers) at the gel-bubble interface during bubble growth. In contrary, the damaged zone in agar/agarose becomes significantly larger (> 100 times) with increasing shear modulus, which triggers the transition from formation of a small, damaged zone to activation of crack propagation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We have studied cavitation nucleation and bubble growth in four different types of soft gels (i.e., tissue simulants) under translational impact. The critical linear acceleration for cavitation nucleation has been measured in the simulants by utilizing a recently developed method that mimics acceleration profiles of typical head blunt events. Each gel type exhibits significantly different trends in the critical acceleration and bubble shape (e.g., A gel-specific sphere-to-saucer transition) with increasing gel stiffness. Our theoretical framework, based on the concepts of a damaged zone and crack propagation in each gel, explains underlying mechanisms of the experimental observations. Our in-depth studies shed light on potential links between traumatic brain injuries and cavitation bubbles induced by translational acceleration, the overlooked mechanism in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunghwan Kim
- Mechanical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States
| | - Won June Choi
- Mechanical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States
| | - Wonmo Kang
- Mechanical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States.
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Ed-Daoui A, Benelmostafa M, Dahmani M, Chahlal A. Elasticity and conformational structure of pure and modified agaroses gel. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-04007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Characterization of norbixin and evaluation of its mobility through rennet-induced micellar casein concentrate gels as influenced by an electrical field. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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29
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Dubay R, Urban JN, Darling EM. Single-Cell Microgels for Diagnostics and Therapeutics. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2009946. [PMID: 36329867 PMCID: PMC9629779 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202009946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell encapsulation within hydrogel droplets is transforming what is feasible in multiple fields of biomedical science such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, in vitro modeling, and cell-based therapies. Recent advances have allowed researchers to miniaturize material encapsulation complexes down to single-cell scales, where each complex, termed a single-cell microgel, contains only one cell surrounded by a hydrogel matrix while remaining <100 μm in size. With this achievement, studies requiring single-cell resolution are now possible, similar to those done using liquid droplet encapsulation. Of particular note, applications involving long-term in vitro cultures, modular bioinks, high-throughput screenings, and formation of 3D cellular microenvironments can be tuned independently to suit the needs of individual cells and experimental goals. In this progress report, an overview of established materials and techniques used to fabricate single-cell microgels, as well as insight into potential alternatives is provided. This focused review is concluded by discussing applications that have already benefited from single-cell microgel technologies, as well as prospective applications on the cusp of achieving important new capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Dubay
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, 175 Meeting St., Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Draper, 555 Technology Sq., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joseph N Urban
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, 175 Meeting St., Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Eric M Darling
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, 175 Meeting St., Providence, RI 02912, USA
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30
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Kubota R, Tanaka W, Hamachi I. Microscopic Imaging Techniques for Molecular Assemblies: Electron, Atomic Force, and Confocal Microscopies. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14281-14347. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryou Kubota
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Wataru Tanaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Hamachi Innovative Molecular Technology for Neuroscience, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
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31
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Alahmad W, Kraiya C, Varanusupakul P, Tabani H, Varanusupakul P. Gel electromembrane microextraction followed by ion chromatography for direct determination of iodine in supplements and fortified food samples: Green chemistry for food analysis. Food Chem 2021; 358:129857. [PMID: 33940293 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a sensitive, selective, and environmentally friendly analytical method for direct extraction and preconcentration of iodine was developed. Iodine, as an iodate ion or iodide ion, was simultaneously extracted and preconcentrated by gel electromembrane microextraction (G-EME) and analyzed for total iodine by ion chromatography. The total iodine was determined by combining the peak areas of both iodate and iodide ions. Under the optimized conditions, linear calibration for iodine using a mixture of iodate and iodide ions was obtained from 10 to 100 µg L-1 (r2 > 0.996). The detection limit was 7.0 µg L-1. Recoveries of spiked iodine (as iodate) in the samples were greater than 90%. The method was applied for the determination of iodine in dietary supplements and fortified food samples, i.e., iodine-enriched eggs. Our developed method could be directly applied for the determination of iodine in different matrix samples including eggs without a pretreatment step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Alahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Charoenkwan Kraiya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Hadi Tabani
- Department of Environmental Geology, Research Institute of Applied Sciences (ACECR), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pakorn Varanusupakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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32
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Krömmelbein C, Mütze M, Konieczny R, Schönherr N, Griebel J, Gerdes W, Mayr SG, Riedel S. Impact of high-energy electron irradiation on mechanical, structural and chemical properties of agarose hydrogels. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 263:117970. [PMID: 33858571 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, natural hydrogels are highly demanded biomaterials for biomedical applications such as wound dressing, tissue engineering, drug delivery or three dimensional cell culture. Highly energetic electron irradiation up to 10 MeV is a powerful and fast tool to sterilize and tailor the material's properties. In this study, electron radiation treatment of agarose hydrogels was investigated to evaluate radiation effects on physical, structural and chemical properties. The viscoelastic behavior, surface hydrophilicity and swelling behavior in a range of typical sterilization doses of 0 kGy to 30 kGy was analyzed. The mechanical properties were determined by rheology measurements and decreased by more than 20% compared to the initial moduli. The number average molecular weight between crosslinks was estimated based on rubber elasticity theory to judge on the radiation degradation. In this dose range, the number average molecular weight between crosslinks increased by more than 6%. Chemical structure was investigated by FTIR spectroscopy to evaluate the radiation resistance of agarose hydrogels. With increasing electron dose, an increasing amount of carbonyl containing species was observed. In addition, irradiation was accompanied by formation of gas cavities in the hydrogels. The gas products were specified for CO2, CO and H2O. Based on the radiolytic products, a radiolysis mechanism was proposed. Electron beam treatment under high pressure conditions was found to reduce gas cavity formation in the hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Krömmelbein
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Division of Surface Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Martin Mütze
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Division of Surface Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Konieczny
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadja Schönherr
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Griebel
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Stefan G Mayr
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Division of Surface Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Riedel
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Division of Surface Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Cell.Copedia GmbH, Bosestraße 4, 04109 Leipzig, Germany.
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33
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Mancia L, Yang J, Spratt JS, Sukovich JR, Xu Z, Colonius T, Franck C, Johnsen E. Acoustic cavitation rheometry. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:2931-2941. [PMID: 33587083 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02086a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of soft materials is challenging due to their high compliance and the strain-rate dependence of their mechanical properties. The inertial microcavitation-based high strain-rate rheometry (IMR) method [Estrada et al., J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 2018, 112, 291-317] combines laser-induced cavitation measurements with a model for the bubble dynamics to measure local properties of polyacrylamide hydrogel under high strain-rates from 103 to 108 s-1. While promising, laser-induced cavitation involves plasma formation and optical breakdown during nucleation, a process that could alter local material properties before measurements are obtained. In the present study, we extend the IMR method to another means to generate cavitation, namely high-amplitude focused ultrasound, and apply the resulting acoustic-cavitation-based IMR to characterize the mechanical properties of agarose hydrogels. Material properties including viscosity, elastic constants, and a stress-free bubble radius are inferred from bubble radius histories in 0.3% and 1% agarose gels. An ensemble-based data assimilation is used to further help interpret the obtained estimates. The resulting parameter distributions are consistent with available measurements of agarose gel properties and with expected trends related to gel concentration and high strain-rate loading. Our findings demonstrate the utility of applying IMR and data assimilation methods with single-bubble acoustic cavitation data for measurement of viscoelastic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Mancia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jean-Sebastien Spratt
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan R Sukovich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tim Colonius
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Christian Franck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eric Johnsen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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34
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An overview on the recent applications of agarose as a green biopolymer in micro-extraction-based sample preparation techniques. Talanta 2021; 224:121892. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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35
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Maghsoudi M, Nojavan S, Alexovič M, Tabani H. Two-phase agarose gel-electromembrane extraction: Effect of organic solvent as an acceptor phase in electroendosmosis flow phenomenon. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 195:113862. [PMID: 33388641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new mode of gel electromembrane extraction (G-EME) namely as "Two-phase G-EME", is suggested for the sensitive quantification of five basic drugs (desipramine, clomipramine, trimipramine, citalopram and clozapine) in biological samples. Compared to classical G-EME which is based on aqueous-gel-aqueous layout, herein, the aqueous acceptor phase (AP) was replaced with organic solvent. Briefly, negative electrode was immersed into the organic AP (with low conductivity) and positive electrode into the aqueous donor phase (DP). Based on our results, this simple adjustment significantly reduced electroendosmosis (EEO) flow phenomenon which is considered as the main issue in G-EME. In the workflow, target analytes were extracted from the 7.0 mL sample, across the fabricated agarose gel membrane, to the 100 μL of the AP under the optimized extraction conditions (organic solvent type: acetonitrile; pH of gel membrane: 5.0, pH of sample solution: 4.0, voltage: 45 V and extraction time: 22 min). Then, the organic AP with analytes was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) instrument with flame-ionization detector (FID). The methodology offered limits of detection (LODs) and recoveries in the range of 1.0-1.5 ng mL-1 and 48.5-89.0 %, respectively. Finally, we note that two-phase G-EME assembly was able to extract analytes-of-interest in the convenient and safe manner from the hazardous and difficult-to-process biological specimens such as human serum and urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Maghsoudi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19396-4716, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19396-4716, Evin, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Michal Alexovič
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, SK-04011, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Hadi Tabani
- Department of Environmental Geology, Research Institute of Applied Sciences (ACECR), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Asadi S, Nojavan S, Behpour M, Mahdavi P. Electromembrane extraction based on agarose gel for the extraction of phenolic acids from fruit juices. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1159:122401. [PMID: 33126069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Extraction of polar acidic compounds is a challenging task in electromembrane extraction. In this study, gel-electromembrane extraction was employed for the extraction of phenolic acids as the polar acidic compounds from fruit juices. For this aim, the extraction of phenolic acids from the juice samples (4 mL, pH = 6.0) was carried out across the agarose gel membrane (concentration of agarose; 3% (w/v), pH of gel; 10.0, and thickness of membrane: 3 mm) into the acceptor solution (100 μL, pH = 12.0). Also, this extraction process was conducted by applying the optimum potential (25 V) for 15 min to the extraction system. Under the optimized condition, acceptable linearity (R2 ≥ 0.993) over a concentration range of 10.0-2500 ng mL-1 was achieved. The limits of detection were between 3.0 and 15.2 ng mL-1, while the corresponding repeatabilities ranged from 5.3 to 11.4% (n = 4). The recoveries achieved for the extraction of target compounds were ranged from 26.8 to 74.4%. The proposed method was used for the extraction of phenolic acids from orange, apple and kiwi juices, and the obtained relative recoveries in the range of 78.0-104.2% and RSDs in the range of 6.3 to 11.3% indicated successful extraction of phenolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakine Asadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box, 5 19396-4716, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box, 5 19396-4716, Evin, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Behpour
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box, 5 19396-4716, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Mahdavi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box, 5 19396-4716, Evin, Tehran, Iran
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Facile formation of agarose hydrogel and electromechanical responses as electro-responsive hydrogel materials in actuator applications. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 247:116709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Kupikowska-Stobba B, Lewińska D. Polymer microcapsules and microbeads as cell carriers for in vivo biomedical applications. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:1536-1574. [PMID: 32110789 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01337g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymer microcarriers are being extensively explored as cell delivery vehicles in cell-based therapies and hybrid tissue and organ engineering. Spherical microcarriers are of particular interest due to easy fabrication and injectability. They include microbeads, composed of a porous matrix, and microcapsules, where matrix core is additionally covered with a semipermeable membrane. Microcarriers provide cell containment at implantation site and protect the cells from host immunoresponse, degradation and shear stress. Immobilized cells may be genetically altered to release a specific therapeutic product directly at the target site, eliminating side effects of systemic therapies. Cell microcarriers need to fulfil a number of extremely high standards regarding their biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, immunoisolating capacity, transport, mechanical and chemical properties. To obtain cell microcarriers of specified parameters, a wide variety of polymers, both natural and synthetic, and immobilization methods can be applied. Yet so far, only a few approaches based on cell-laden microcarriers have reached clinical trials. The main issue that still impedes progress of these systems towards clinical application is limited cell survival in vivo. Herein, we review polymer biomaterials and methods used for fabrication of cell microcarriers for in vivo biomedical applications. We describe their key limitations and modifications aiming at improvement of microcarrier in vivo performance. We also present the main applications of polymer cell microcarriers in regenerative medicine, pancreatic islet and hepatocyte transplantation and in the treatment of cancer. Lastly, we outline the main challenges in cell microimmobilization for biomedical purposes, the strategies to overcome these issues and potential future improvements in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kupikowska-Stobba
- Laboratory of Electrostatic Methods of Bioencapsulation, Department of Biomaterials and Biotechnological Systems, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Lewińska
- Laboratory of Electrostatic Methods of Bioencapsulation, Department of Biomaterials and Biotechnological Systems, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
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Pourahadi A, Nojavan S, Hosseiny Davarani SS. Gel-electromembrane extraction of peptides: Determination of five hypothalamic agents in human plasma samples. Talanta 2020; 217:121025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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40
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Fashi A, Cheraghi M, Ebadipur H, Ebadipur H, Zamani A, Badiee H, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Exploiting agarose gel modified with glucose-fructose syrup as a green sorbent in rotating-disk sorptive extraction technique for the determination of trace malondialdehyde in biological and food samples. Talanta 2020; 217:121001. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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41
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Morhard R, Mueller JL, Tang Q, Nief C, Chelales E, Lam CT, Alvarez DA, Rubinstein M, Katz DF, Ramanujam N. Understanding Factors Governing Distribution Volume of Ethyl Cellulose-Ethanol to Optimize Ablative Therapy in the Liver. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 67:2337-2348. [PMID: 31841399 PMCID: PMC7295656 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2960049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ethanol ablation, the injection of ethanol to induce necrosis, was originally used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma, with survival rates comparable to surgery. However, efficacy is limited due to leakage into surrounding tissue. To reduce leakage, we previously reported incorporating ethyl cellulose (EC) with ethanol as this mixture forms a gel when injected into tissue. To further develop EC-ethanol injection as an ablative therapy, the present study evaluates the extent to which salient injection parameters govern the injected fluid distribution. METHODS Utilizing ex vivo swine liver, injection parameters (infusion rate, EC%, infusion volume) were examined with fluorescein added to each solution. After injection, tissue samples were frozen, sectioned, and imaged. RESULTS While leakage was higher for ethanol and 3%EC-ethanol at a rate of 10 mL/hr compared to 1 mL/hr, leakage remained low for 6%EC-ethanol regardless of infusion rate. The impact of infusion volume and pressure were also investigated first in tissue-mimicking surrogates and then in tissue. Results indicated that there is a critical infusion pressure beyond which crack formation occurs leading to fluid leakage. At a rate of 10 mL/hr, a volume of 50 μL remained below the critical pressure. CONCLUSIONS Although increasing the infusion rate increases stress on the tissue and the risk of crack formation, injections of 6%EC-ethanol were localized regardless of infusion rate. To further limit leakage, multiple low-volume infusions may be employed. SIGNIFICANCE These results, and the experimental framework developed to obtain them, can inform optimizing EC-ethanol to treat a range of medical conditions.
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Behpour M, Nojavan S, Asadi S, Shokri A. Combination of gel-electromembrane extraction with switchable hydrophilicity solvent-based homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography for the extraction and determination of antidepressants in human serum, breast milk and wastewater. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1621:461041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Das S, Vörös-Horváth B, Bencsik T, Micalizzi G, Mondello L, Horváth G, Kőszegi T, Széchenyi A. Antimicrobial Activity of Different Artemisia Essential Oil Formulations. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102390. [PMID: 32455592 PMCID: PMC7287661 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The extreme lipophilicity of essential oils (EOs) impedes the measurement of their biological actions in an aqueous environment. We formulated oil in water type Pickering Artemisiaannua EO nanoemulsions (AEP) with surface-modified Stöber silica nanoparticles (20 nm) as the stabilizing agent. The antimicrobial activity of AEP and its effects on mature Candida biofilms were compared with those of Tween 80 stabilized emulsion (AET) and ethanolic solution (AEE) of the Artemisia EO. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by using the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC90) and minimum effective concentrations (MEC10) of the compounds. On planktonic bacterial and fungal cells beside growth inhibition, colony formation (CFU/mL), metabolic activity, viability, intracellular ATP/total protein (ATP/TP), along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also studied. Artemisiaannua EO nanoemulsion (AEP) showed significantly higher antimicrobial activity than AET and AEE. Artemisiaannua EO nanoemulsions (AEP) generated superoxide anion and peroxides-related oxidative stress, which might be the underlying mode of action of the Artemisia EO. Unilamellar liposomes, as a cellular model, were used to examine the delivery efficacy of the EO of our tested formulations. We could demonstrate higher effectiveness of AEP in the EO components’ donation compared to AET and AEE. Our data suggest the superiority of the AEP formulation against microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Das
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 13., Hungary;
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20., 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Barbara Vörös-Horváth
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rókus u. 2., 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Tímea Bencsik
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rókus u. 2., 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (T.B.); (G.H.)
| | - Giuseppe Micalizzi
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (L.M.)
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Györgyi Horváth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rókus u. 2., 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (T.B.); (G.H.)
| | - Tamás Kőszegi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság u. 13., Hungary;
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20., 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (A.S.); Tel.: +36-30-4917719 (T.K.); +36-70-3814462 (A.S.)
| | - Aleksandar Széchenyi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rókus u. 2., 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (A.S.); Tel.: +36-30-4917719 (T.K.); +36-70-3814462 (A.S.)
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Rahimi A, Nojavan S, Tabani H. Inside gel electromembrane extraction: A novel green methodology for the extraction of morphine and codeine from human biological fluids. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 184:113175. [PMID: 32097772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a new mode of gel-electromembrane extraction (G-EME), called "inside" gel-EME (IG-EME) is proposed for the extraction of morphine and codeine as model basic drugs from complex biological samples. Here, an aqueous media that was captured inside the agarose gel membrane, acted as both gel membrane and the acceptor phase (AP) at the same time. In this regard, the membrane served as the separation filter (membrane) and supported liquid acceptor phase (SLAP) as well. With this new development, unwanted changes of the AP volume during the extraction, which is a common issue in the G-EME (due to electroendosmosis (EEO) phenomenon), was addressed properly. Briefly, the setup involved insertion of negative electrode inside the gel membrane and positive electrode into the donor phase (DP). Following that, the IG-EME was easily performed using optimal conditions (pH of the DP: 6.0; membrane composition (agarose concentration: 1% (w/v) in aqueous media with pH 3.0, and 15 mm thickness); voltage: 25 V; and extraction time: 30 min). After extraction, the agarose gel was withdrawn and centrifuged for 5 min with 12000 rpm, to disrupt its framework to release the "trapped aqueous AP" apart from the gel structure. The separated AP was finally injected into the HPLC-UV for the analysis. The limits of detection (LODs) and recoveries in this proposed method were obtained 1.5 ng mL-1 and 67.7 %-73.8 %, respectively. The system feasibility was examined by the quantification of model drugs in the real plasma and urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atyeh Rahimi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran.
| | - Hadi Tabani
- Department of Environmental Geology, Research Institute of Applied Sciences (ACECR), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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Sanders JP, McBurney A, Gilmour CC, Schwartz GE, Washburn S, Kane Driscoll SB, Brown SS, Ghosh U. Development of a Novel Equilibrium Passive Sampling Device for Methylmercury in Sediment and Soil Porewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:323-334. [PMID: 31692059 PMCID: PMC9188764 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We explored the concept of equilibrium passive sampling for methylmercury (MeHg) using the strategy developed for hydrophobic organic chemicals. Passive sampling should allow prediction of the concentration of the chemically labile fraction of MeHg in sediment porewaters based on equilibrium partitioning into the sampler, without modeling diffusion rates through the sampler material. Our goals were to identify sampler materials with the potential to mimic MeHg partitioning into animals and sediments and provide reversible sorption in a time frame appropriate for in situ samplers. Candidate materials tested included a range of polymers embedded with suitable sorbents for MeHg. The most promising were activated carbon (AC) embedded in agarose, thiol-self-assembled monolayers on mesoporous supports embedded in agarose, and cysteine-functionalized polyethylene terephthalate, which yielded log sampler-water partition coefficients of 2.8 to 5 for MeHgOH and MeHg complexed with dissolved organic matter (Suwannee River humic acid). Sampler equilibration time in sediments was approximately 1 to 2 wk. Investigation of the MeHg accumulation mechanism by AC embedded in agarose suggested that sampling was kinetically influenced by MeHg interactions with AC particles and not limited by diffusion through the gel for this material. Also, AC exhibited relatively rapid desorption of Hg and MeHg, indicating that this sorbent is capable of reversible, equilibrium measurements. In sediment:water microcosms, porewater concentrations made with isotherm-calibrated passive samplers agreed within a factor of 2 (unamended sediment) or 4 (AC-amended sediment) with directly measured concentrations. The present study demonstrates a potential new approach to passive sampling of MeHg. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:323-334. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Sanders
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alyssa McBurney
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Grace E Schwartz
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - Spencer Washburn
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Upal Ghosh
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Stewart SA, Domínguez-Robles J, McIlorum VJ, Mancuso E, Lamprou DA, Donnelly RF, Larrañeta E. Development of a Biodegradable Subcutaneous Implant for Prolonged Drug Delivery Using 3D Printing. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E105. [PMID: 32013052 PMCID: PMC7076405 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantable drug delivery devices offer many advantages over other routes of drug delivery. Most significantly, the delivery of lower doses of drug, thus, potentially reducing side-effects and improving patient compliance. Three dimensional (3D) printing is a flexible technique, which has been subject to increasing interest in the past few years, especially in the area of medical devices. The present work focussed on the use of 3D printing as a tool to manufacture implantable drug delivery devices to deliver a range of model compounds (methylene blue, ibuprofen sodium and ibuprofen acid) in two in vitro models. Five implant designs were produced, and the release rate varied, depending on the implant design and the drug properties. Additionally, a rate controlling membrane was produced, which further prolonged the release from the produced implants, signalling the potential use of these devices for chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Stewart
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (S.A.S.); (V.J.M.); (D.A.L.); (R.F.D.)
| | - Juan Domínguez-Robles
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (S.A.S.); (V.J.M.); (D.A.L.); (R.F.D.)
| | - Victoria J. McIlorum
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (S.A.S.); (V.J.M.); (D.A.L.); (R.F.D.)
| | - Elena Mancuso
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, Jordanstown BT37 0QB, UK;
| | - Dimitrios A. Lamprou
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (S.A.S.); (V.J.M.); (D.A.L.); (R.F.D.)
| | - Ryan F. Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (S.A.S.); (V.J.M.); (D.A.L.); (R.F.D.)
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (S.A.S.); (V.J.M.); (D.A.L.); (R.F.D.)
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DNA Nanotechnology for Building Sensors, Nanopores and Ion-Channels. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1174:331-370. [PMID: 31713205 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9791-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
DNA nanotechnology has revolutionised the capabilities to shape and control three-dimensional structures at the nanometre scale. Designer sensors, nanopores and ion-channels built from DNA have great potential for both cross-disciplinary research and applications. Here, we introduce the concept of structural DNA nanotechnology, including DNA origami, and give an overview of the work flow from design to assembly, characterisation and application of DNA-based functional systems. Chemical functionalisation of DNA has opened up pathways to transform static DNA structures into dynamic nanomechanical sensors. We further introduce nanopore sensing as a powerful label-free single-molecule technique and discuss how it can benefit from DNA nanotechnology. Especially exciting is the possibility to create membrane-inserted DNA nanochannels that mimic their protein-based natural counterparts in form and function. In this chapter we review the status quo of DNA sensors, nanopores and ion channels, highlighting opportunities and challenges for their future development.
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Preparation, characterisation and microbiological examination of Pickering nano-emulsions containing essential oils, and their effect on Streptococcus mutans biofilm treatment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16611. [PMID: 31719559 PMCID: PMC6851100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are commonly applied in mouth care products like mouthwashes, mostly as an ethanolic solution or by usage of surfactants as solubilising agents. In this study, we present a formulation for preparation of Pickering nano-emulsions (PnE) of EOs as a novel form for application of EOs in mouth care. For the preparation of PnE, we have synthesised surface-modified silica nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 20 nm, as well as we have examined the effect of EOs concentration on PnE droplet size and stability. In vitro study of their effect on the Streptococcus mutans biofilm as the main pathogen of dental health problems has been performed. We have found that EOs in the PnE form has the highest effectiveness against biofilm formation. Diffusion through the biofilm model membrane was studied to explain this observation. We have found that PnEs have a better performance in the transportation of EOs trough model membrane than the ethanolic solutions and conventional emulsions (CEs).
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Pushpavanam K, Inamdar S, Dutta S, Bista T, Sokolowski T, Boshoven E, Sapareto S, Rege K. Determination of topographical radiation dose profiles using gel nanosensors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw8704. [PMID: 31763446 PMCID: PMC6858262 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw8704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the emergence of sophisticated technologies in treatment planning and administration, routine determination of delivered radiation doses remains a challenge due to limitations associated with conventional dosimeters. Here, we describe a gel-based nanosensor for the colorimetric detection and quantification of topographical radiation dose profiles in radiotherapy. Exposure to ionizing radiation results in the conversion of gold ions in the gel to gold nanoparticles, which render a visual change in color in the gel due to their plasmonic properties. The intensity of color formed in the gel was used as a quantitative reporter of ionizing radiation. The gel nanosensor was used to detect complex topographical dose patterns including those administered to an anthropomorphic phantom and live canine patients undergoing clinical radiotherapy. The ease of fabrication, operation, rapid readout, colorimetric detection, and relatively low cost illustrate the translational potential of this technology for topographical dose mapping in radiotherapy applications in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Pushpavanam
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Sahil Inamdar
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Subhadeep Dutta
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Tomasz Bista
- Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ 85234, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kaushal Rege
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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Parhi A, Bhunia K, Rasco B, Tang J, Sablani SS. Development of an Oxygen Sensitive Model Gel System to Detect Defects in Metal Oxide Coated Multilayer Polymeric Films. J Food Sci 2019; 84:2507-2519. [PMID: 31432530 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metal oxide coated multilayered polymeric pouches provide a suitable alternative to foil-based packaging for shelf-stable products with extended shelf-life. The barrier performance of these films depends upon the integrity of the metal oxide coating which can develop defects as a result of thermal processing and improper handling. In this work, we developed a methodology to visually identify these defects using an oxygen-sensitive model gel system. Four pouches with different metal oxide coatings: MOA (Coated PET), MOB (SiOx -coated PET), MOC (Overlayer-AlOx -Organic-coated PET), MOD (Overlayer-SiOx -coated PET) were filled with water and retort-processed for 30 and 40 min at 121 °C. After processing, the pouches were cut open, dried and subsequently filled with a gel containing methylene blue that changes color in the presence of oxygen. The pouches were then stored at 23 and 40 °C for 180 and 90 days, respectively. Defects were identified by observing the localized color change from yellow to blue in the packaged gel. These observations were confirmed through measurement of oxygen and water vapor transmission rates, as well as SEM and CLSM analyses. The MOC pouches showed the least change in barrier properties after thermal processing. This was due to crosslinking in the organic coating and protection provided by the overlayer. The melting enthalpy of all films increased significantly (P < 0.05) after sterilization. This may increase the brittleness of the substrates after processing. Findings may be used to improve the barrier performance of metal oxide coated polymeric films intended for food packaging applications. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: In this study, we developed a methylene blue-based, oxygen-sensitive model gel system to identify defects in metal oxide coated polymeric structures induced by thermal processing and mechanical stresses. We also performed a comprehensive analysis of these defects through CLSM and SEM. The gel system and methodology developed may be useful in the design and development of high barrier metal oxide coated films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutos Parhi
- Dept. of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State Univ., P.O. Box-646120, Pullman, WA, 99164-6120, USA
| | - Kanishka Bhunia
- Dept. of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Inst. of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Barbara Rasco
- School of Food Science, Washington State Univ., P.O. Box 64376, Pullman, WA, 99164-6376, USA
| | - Juming Tang
- Dept. of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State Univ., P.O. Box-646120, Pullman, WA, 99164-6120, USA
| | - Shyam S Sablani
- Dept. of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State Univ., P.O. Box-646120, Pullman, WA, 99164-6120, USA
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