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Fejfarová V, Jarošíková R, Antalová S, Husáková J, Wosková V, Beca P, Mrázek J, Tůma P, Polák J, Dubský M, Sojáková D, Lánská V, Petrlík M. Does PAD and microcirculation status impact the tissue availability of intravenously administered antibiotics in patients with infected diabetic foot? Results of the DFIATIM substudy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1326179. [PMID: 38774229 PMCID: PMC11106387 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1326179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims/hypothesis The aim of this substudy (Eudra CT No:2019-001997-27)was to assess ATB availability in patients with infected diabetic foot ulcers(IDFUs)in the context of microcirculation and macrocirculation status. Methods For this substudy, we enrolled 23 patients with IDFU. Patients were treated with boluses of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid(AMC)(12patients) or ceftazidime(CTZ)(11patients). After induction of a steady ATB state, microdialysis was performed near the IDFU. Tissue fluid samples from the foot and blood samples from peripheral blood were taken within 6 hours. ATB potential efficacy was assessed by evaluating the maximum serum and tissue ATB concentrations(Cmax and Cmax-tissue)and the percentage of time the unbound drug tissue concentration exceeds the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)(≥100% tissue and ≥50%/60% tissue fT>MIC). Vascular status was assessed by triplex ultrasound, ankle-brachial and toe-brachial index tests, occlusive plethysmography comprising two arterial flow phases, and transcutaneous oxygen pressure(TcPO2). Results Following bolus administration, the Cmax of AMC was 91.8 ± 52.5 μgmL-1 and the Cmax-tissue of AMC was 7.25 ± 4.5 μgmL-1(P<0.001). The Cmax for CTZ was 186.8 ± 44.1 μgmL-1 and the Cmax-tissue of CTZ was 18.6 ± 7.4 μgmL-1(P<0.0001). Additionally, 67% of patients treated with AMC and 55% of those treated with CTZ achieved tissue fT>MIC levels exceeding 50% and 60%, respectively. We observed positive correlations between both Cmax-tissue and AUCtissue and arterial flow. Specifically, the correlation coefficient for the first phase was r=0.42; (P=0.045), and for the second phase, it was r=0.55(P=0.01)and r=0.5(P=0.021). Conclusions Bactericidal activity proved satisfactory in only half to two-thirds of patients with IDFUs, an outcome that appears to correlate primarily with arterial flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimíra Fejfarová
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Radka Jarošíková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Simona Antalová
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Drug Information Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jitka Husáková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Veronika Wosková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavol Beca
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Drug Information Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jakub Mrázek
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Tůma
- Department of Hygiene, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Polák
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michal Dubský
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Dominika Sojáková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Věra Lánská
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Petrlík
- Vascular and Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic, Prague, Czechia
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Tůma P, Sommerová B, Koval D, Šiklová M, Koc M. Plasma levels of creatine, 2-aminobutyric acid, acetyl-carnitine and amino acids during fasting measured by counter-current electrophoresis in PAMAPTAC capillary. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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3
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Fejfarová V, Jarošíková R, Polák J, Sommerová B, Husáková J, Wosková V, Dubský M, Tůma P. Microdialysis as a tool for antibiotic assessment in patients with diabetic foot: a review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1141086. [PMID: 37139338 PMCID: PMC10150051 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1141086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot is a serious late complication frequently caused by infection and ischaemia. Both require prompt and aggressive treatment to avoid lower limb amputation. The effectiveness of peripheral arterial disease therapy can be easily verified using triplex ultrasound, ankle-brachial/toe-brachial index examination, or transcutaneous oxygen pressure. However, the success of infection treatment is difficult to establish in patients with diabetic foot. Intravenous systemic antibiotics are recommended for the treatment of infectious complications in patients with moderate or serious stages of infection. Antibiotic therapy should be initiated promptly and aggressively to achieve sufficient serum and peripheral antibiotic concentrations. Antibiotic serum levels are easily evaluated by pharmacokinetic assessment. However, antibiotic concentrations in peripheral tissues, especially in diabetic foot, are not routinely detectable. This review describes microdialysis techniques that have shown promise in determining antibiotic levels in the surroundings of diabetic foot lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimíra Fejfarová
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Vladimíra Fejfarová,
| | - Radka Jarošíková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Polák
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Blanka Sommerová
- Department of Hygiene, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jitka Husáková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Veronika Wosková
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michal Dubský
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Tůma
- Department of Hygiene, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Ragab MAA, El-Kimary EI. Recent Advances and Applications of Microfluidic Capillary Electrophoresis: A Comprehensive Review (2017-Mid 2019). Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:709-741. [PMID: 32447968 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1765729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic capillary electrophoresis (MCE) is the novel technique resulted from the CE mininaturization as planar separation and analysis device. This review presents and discusses various application fields of this advanced technology published in the period 2017 till mid-2019 in eight different sections including clinical, biological, single cell analysis, environmental, pharmaceuticals, food analysis, forensic and ion analysis. The need for miniaturization of CE and the consequence advantages achieved are also discussed including high-throughput, miniaturized detection, effective separation, portability and the need for micro- or even nano-volume of samples. Comprehensive tables for the MCE applications in the different studied fields are provided. Also, figure comparing the number of the published papers applying MCE in the eight discussed fields within the studied period is included. The future investigation should put into consideration the possibility of replacing conventional CE with the MCE after proper validation. Suitable validation parameters with their suitable accepted ranges should be tailored for analysis methods utilizing such unique technique (MCE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A A Ragab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Alexandria University, El-Messalah, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman I El-Kimary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Alexandria University, El-Messalah, Alexandria, Egypt
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Tůma P, Sommerová B, Daněček V. On-line coupling of capillary electrophoresis with microdialysis for determining saccharides in dairy products and honey. Food Chem 2020; 316:126362. [PMID: 32050115 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Free sucrose, lactose, galactose, glucose and fructose were determined in yoghurts, milk and honey using on-line coupling of capillary electrophoresis with microdialysis. The dairy products were diluted 50-fold with 10 mmol/L NaOH and sampled using laboratory-made microdialysis probes. The microdialysate was brought to the entrance of the electrophoretic capillary and the coupling consisted in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) cross connector working in the flow-gating interface regime. The electrophoretic analysis was performed in 50 mmol/L NaOH (pH 12.6) background electrolyte, where baseline separation of the five saccharides was achieved in 3.5 min. The LOQs varied in the range 2.3-7.3 mg/L, the number of separation plates varied between 176,000 plates/m for glucose to 326,000 plates/m for galactose and the relative standard deviation (RSD) for ten consecutive analyses of fruit yoghurt was 0.2% for the migration time and 4.4-7.6% for the peak area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Tůma
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hygiene, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic.
| | - Blanka Sommerová
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hygiene, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Daněček
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
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Tůma P, Sommerová B, Šiklová M. Monitoring of adipose tissue metabolism using microdialysis and capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. Talanta 2019; 192:380-386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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7
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Tůma P, Heneberg P, Vaculín Š, Koval D. Electrophoretic large volume sample stacking for sensitive determination of the anti-microbial agent pentamidine in rat plasma for pharmacological studies. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2605-2611. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Tůma
- Department of Hygiene; Third Faculty of Medicine; Charles University; Prague Czechia
| | - Petr Heneberg
- Third Faculty of Medicine; Charles University; Prague Czechia
| | - Šimon Vaculín
- Department of Normal; Pathological and Clinical Physiology; Third Faculty of Medicine; Charles University; Prague Czechia
| | - Dušan Koval
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czechia
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Opekar F, Tůma P. Coaxial flow-gating interface for capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3138-3143. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- František Opekar
- Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry; Charles University; Prague 2 Czechia
| | - Petr Tůma
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology; Charles University; Prague 10 Czechia
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Opekar F, Tůma P. Hydrodynamic sample injection into short electrophoretic capillary in systems with a flow-gating interface. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1480:93-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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The use of polarity switching for the sensitive determination of nitrate in human cerebrospinal fluid by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1447:148-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Jiang S, Liang Z, Hao L, Li L. Investigation of signaling molecules and metabolites found in crustacean hemolymph via in vivo microdialysis using a multifaceted mass spectrometric platform. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1031-8. [PMID: 26691021 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters (NTs) are endogenous signaling molecules that play an important role in regulating various physiological processes in animals. Detection of these chemical messengers is often challenging due to their low concentration levels and fast degradation rate in vitro. In order to address these challenges, herein we employed in vivo microdialysis (MD) sampling to study NTs in the crustacean model Cancer borealis. Multifaceted separation tools, such as CE and ion mobility mass spectrometry (MS) were utilized in this work. Small molecules were separated by different mechanisms and detected by MALDI mass spectrometric imaging (MALDI-MSI). Performance of this separation-based MSI platform was also compared to LC-ESI-MS. By utilizing both MALDI and ESI-MS, a total of 208 small molecule NTs and metabolites were identified, of which 39 were identified as signaling molecules secreted in vivo. In addition, the inherent property of sub microscale sample consumption using CE enables shorter time of MD sample collection. Temporal resolution of MD was improved by approximately tenfold compared to LC-ESI-MS, indicating the significant advantage of applying separation-assisted MALDI-MS imaging platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zhidan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ling Hao
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Ali I, Alharbi OML, Marsin Sanagi M. Nano-capillary electrophoresis for environmental analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2015; 14:79-98. [PMID: 32214934 PMCID: PMC7087629 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-015-0547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many analytical techniques have been used to monitor environmental pollutants. But most techniques are not capable to detect pollutants at nanogram levels. Hence, under such conditions, absence of pollutants is often assumed, whereas pollutants are in fact present at low but undetectable concentrations. Detection at low levels may be done by nano-capillary electrophoresis, also named microchip electrophoresis. Here, we review the analysis of pollutants by nano-capillary electrophoresis. We present instrumentations, applications, optimizations and separation mechanisms. We discuss the analysis of metal ions, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, explosives, viruses, bacteria and other contaminants. Detectors include ultraviolet-visible, fluorescent, conductivity, atomic absorption spectroscopy, refractive index, atomic fluorescence spectrometry, atomic emission spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry, time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Detection limits ranged from nanogram to picogram levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Omar M. L. Alharbi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Madinah Al-Munawarah, 41477 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd. Marsin Sanagi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
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Makrlíková A, Opekar F, Tůma P. Pressure-assisted introduction of urine samples into a short capillary for electrophoretic separation with contactless conductivity and UV spectrometry detection. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1962-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Makrlíková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - František Opekar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tůma
- Institute of Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology; Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
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Saylor RA, Lunte SM. A review of microdialysis coupled to microchip electrophoresis for monitoring biological events. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1382:48-64. [PMID: 25637011 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microdialysis is a powerful sampling technique that enables monitoring of dynamic processes in vitro and in vivo. The combination of microdialysis with chromatographic or electrophoretic methods with selective detection yields a "separation-based sensor" capable of monitoring multiple analytes in near real time. For monitoring biological events, analysis of microdialysis samples often requires techniques that are fast (<1 min), have low volume requirements (nL-pL), and, ideally, can be employed on-line. Microchip electrophoresis fulfills these requirements and also permits the possibility of integrating sample preparation and manipulation with detection strategies directly on-chip. Microdialysis coupled to microchip electrophoresis has been employed for monitoring biological events in vivo and in vitro. This review discusses technical considerations for coupling microdialysis sampling and microchip electrophoresis, including various interface designs, and current applications in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Saylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
| | - Susan M Lunte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
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Anderzhanova E, Wotjak CT. Brain microdialysis and its applications in experimental neurochemistry. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 354:27-39. [PMID: 24022232 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Microdialysis is one of the most powerful neurochemistry techniques, which allows the monitoring of changes in the extracellular content of endogenous and exogenous substances in the brain of living animals. The strength as well as wide applicability of this experimental approach are based on the bulk theory of brain neurotransmission. This methodological review introduces basic principles of chemical neurotransmission and emphasizes the difference in neurotransmission types.Clear understanding of their significance and degree of engagement in regulation of physiological processes is an ultimate prerequisite not only for choosing an appropriate method of monitoring for interneuronal communication via chemical messengers but also for accurate data interpretation. The focus on the processes of synthesis/metabolism, receptor interaction/neuronal signaling or the behavioral relevance of neurochemical events sculpts the experiment design. Brain microdialysis is an important method for examining changes in the content of any substances, irrespective of their origin, in living animals. This article compares contemporary approaches and techniques that are used for monitoring neurotransmission (including in vivo brain microdialysis, voltammetric methods, etc). We highlight practical aspects of microdialysis experiments in particular to those researchers who are seeking to increase the repertoire of their experimental techniques with brain microdialysis.
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Romanova EV, Aerts JT, Croushore CA, Sweedler JV. Small-volume analysis of cell-cell signaling molecules in the brain. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:50-64. [PMID: 23748227 PMCID: PMC3857641 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Modern science is characterized by integration and synergy between research fields. Accordingly, as technological advances allow new and more ambitious quests in scientific inquiry, numerous analytical and engineering techniques have become useful tools in biological research. The focus of this review is on cutting edge technologies that aid direct measurement of bioactive compounds in the nervous system to facilitate fundamental research, diagnostics, and drug discovery. We discuss challenges associated with measurement of cell-to-cell signaling molecules in the nervous system, and advocate for a decrease of sample volumes to the nanoliter volume regimen for improved analysis outcomes. We highlight effective approaches for the collection, separation, and detection of such small-volume samples, present strategies for targeted and discovery-oriented research, and describe the required technology advances that will empower future translational science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Romanova
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and the Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jordan T Aerts
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and the Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Callie A Croushore
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and the Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and the Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Sørensen M, Jacobsen S, Petersen L. Microdialysis in equine research: A review of clinical and experimental findings. Vet J 2013; 197:553-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Scott DE, Grigsby R, Lunte SM. Microdialysis sampling coupled to microchip electrophoresis with integrated amperometric detection on an all-glass substrate. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:2288-94. [PMID: 23794474 PMCID: PMC4000424 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of an all-glass separation-based sensor using microdialysis coupled to microchip electrophoresis with amperometric detection is described. The system includes a flow-gated interface to inject discrete sample plugs from the microdialysis perfusate into the microchip electrophoresis system. Electrochemical detection was accomplished with a platinum electrode in an in-channel configuration using a wireless electrically isolated potentiostat. To facilitate bonding around the in-channel electrode, a fabrication process was employed that produced a working and a reference electrode flush with the glass surface. Both normal and reversed polarity separations were performed with this sensor. The system was evaluated in vitro for the continuous monitoring of the production of hydrogen peroxide from the reaction of glucose oxidase with glucose. Microdialysis experiments were performed using a BASi loop probe with an overall lag time of approximately five minutes and a rise time of less than 60 seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas
| | - Ryan Grigsby
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas
| | - Susan M. Lunte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas
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Tůma P, Šustková-Fišerová M, Opekar F, Pavlíček V, Málková K. Large-volume sample stacking for in vivo monitoring of trace levels of γ-aminobutyric acid, glycine and glutamate in microdialysates of periaqueductal gray matter by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1303:94-9. [PMID: 23866123 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A new variant of large-volume sample stacking injection (LVSS) was used in the capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE/C(4)D) determination of the neurotransmitters γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine (Gly) and glutamate (Glu) in microdialysates of periaqueductal gray matter (PAG). The separation capillary was filled to 98% from the injection side with a sample of microdialysate in acetonitrile. Simultaneously with turning on the separation voltage, the sample zone was forced out by the background electrolyte by increasing the pressure in the terminal capillary outlet vessel. As a consequence of the stacking effect, the analyte was concentrated from the large sample volume into a narrow zone at the sample/background electrolyte boundary close to the injection end of the capillary. Under these conditions, LOD values of 9, 10 and 15nM were determined in the model samples for GABA, Gly and Glu, respectively; RSD equalled 0.5% for the migration times and 1.0-1.9% for the peak areas, respectively. In analysis of microdialysates of PAG, LOD values of 29, 29 and 37nM were determined for GABA, Gly and Glu, respectively; RSD equalled 0.5-0.7% for the migration times and 2.6-8.2% for the peak areas, respectively. The determined basal levels of the neurotransmitters in PAG microdialysates are 0.08, 4.7 and 0.8μM for GABA, Gly and Glu, respectively. Carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia increases the Gly and Glu levels and reduces GABA in PAG microdialysate. Peroral administration of paracetamol in hyperalgesia effectively reduces the Gly value and has no effect on Glu and GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Tůma
- Institute of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic.
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Croushore CA, Sweedler JV. Microfluidic systems for studying neurotransmitters and neurotransmission. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:1666-76. [PMID: 23474943 PMCID: PMC3632338 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc41334a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators are molecules within the nervous system that play key roles in cell-to-cell communication. Upon stimulation, neurons release these signaling molecules, which then act at local or distant locations to elicit a physiological response. Ranging from small molecules, such as diatomic gases and amino acids, to larger peptides, these chemical messengers are involved in many functional processes including growth, reproduction, memory and behavior. Understanding signaling molecules and the conditions that govern their release in healthy or damaged networks promises to deliver insights into neural network formation and function. Microfluidic devices can provide optimal cell culture conditions, reduced volume systems, and precise control over the chemical and physical nature of the extracellular environment, making them well-suited for studying neurotransmission and other forms of cell-to-cell signaling. Here we review selected microfluidic approaches that are suitable for monitoring cell-to-cell signaling molecules. We highlight devices that improve in vivo sample collection as well as compartmentalized devices designed to isolate individual neurons or co-cultures in vitro, including a focus on systems used for studying neural injury and regeneration, and devices that allow selective chemical stimulations and the characterization of released molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie A. Croushore
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science
and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61801,
USA
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science
and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61801,
USA
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Huang SH, Zhang J, Li Y, Rong J, Wu ZK. Time Delay of Microdialysis in vitro. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2013; 5:149-52. [PMID: 23641379 PMCID: PMC3624718 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.107540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Microdialysis is a specific and local sampling method to collect free molecules from the extracellular fluid, however, there are no reports on time delay issues of microdialysis applications. Aims: This study was to check the time gap between the start of target molecule changes in detected fluid and corresponding stable concentration formation in the sampled dialysate. Materials and Methods: A designated microdialysis system for free calcium ion was set up in vitro and perfused with saline. The dialysate was diluted synchronously, and collected in a vial every 10 min. The free calcium concentration [Ca++] of the sample was measured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. A signal-switching method was introduced to mimic the target molecule [Ca++] changes in the detected fluid, standard calcium solution and saline. Results: There was a notable lag in dialysates [Ca++] for both uprising and down going course in spite of instant switching between the detected fluids. The recovery time (RT) of the microdialysis system was extrapolated to be 20 min for [Ca++] detection. Conclusions: With 10 min sampling interval, [Ca++] time delay of the microdialysis system existed, and could not be estimated precisely beforehand. The signal-switching method was applicable for RT calibration in vitro with a dedicated microdialysis system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hong Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Nandi P, Scott DE, Desai D, Lunte SM. Development and optimization of an integrated PDMS based-microdialysis microchip electrophoresis device with on-chip derivatization for continuous monitoring of primary amines. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:895-902. [PMID: 23335091 PMCID: PMC3744098 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An all-PDMS on-line microdialysis-microchip electrophoresis with on-chip derivatization and electrophoretic separation for near real-time monitoring of primary amine-containing analytes is described. Each part of the chip was optimized separately, and the effect of each of the components on temporal resolution, lag time, and separation efficiency of the device was determined. Aspartate and glutamate were employed as test analytes. Derivatization was accomplished with naphthalene-2,3,-dicarboxyaldehyde/cyanide (NDA/CN(-)), and the separation was performed using a 15-cm serpentine channel. The analytes were detected using LIF detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradyot Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - David E. Scott
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Dhara Desai
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Susan M. Lunte
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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Recent advances in microchip electrophoresis for amino acid analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7907-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Masuhara Y, Jinno N, Hashimoto M, Tsukagoshi K. The micro-flow reaction system featured the liquid-liquid interface created with ternary mixed carrier solvents in a capillary tube. ANAL SCI 2012; 28:439-44. [PMID: 22687921 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.28.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A micro-flow reaction system was developed in which liquid-liquid interface was created based on the tube radial distribution of ternary mixed carrier solvents. The system was constructed from double capillary tubes having different inner diameters (100 and 250 µm i.d.). The smaller tube was inserted into the larger one through a T-type joint. The reaction of a protein with a fluorescence derivatizing reagent was adopted as a model. A water-acetonitrile mixture (3:1 volume ratio) including bovine serum albumin (hydrophilic) was delivered into the large tube from the inside through the small tube and an acetonitrile-ethyl acetate mixture (7:4 volume ratio) containing fluorescamine (hydrophobic) as a derivatizing reagent was delivered from the outside through the joint. Solutions were mixed through the double capillary tubes to promote ternary mixed carrier solvents (water-acetonitrile-ethyl acetate; 1:2:1 volume ratio). The liquid-liquid interface was created based on the tube radial distribution of ternary solvents in the larger tube. The derivatization reaction was performed in the larger, or reaction, tube in the micro-flow system. The fluorescence intensity of the fluorescamine-derivatized bovine serum albumin obtained by the system, which specifically included the kinetic liquid-liquid interface in the tube, was greater than that obtained through a batch reaction using a homogeneous solution of water-acetonitrile (1:2 volume ratio).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Masuhara
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
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Zhao W, Chen Q, Wu R, Wu H, Fung Y, O W. Capillary electrophoresis with LIF detection for assessment of mitochondrial number based on the cardiolipin content. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:3025-33. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wu RG, Yang CS, Cheing CC, Tseng FG. Nanocapillary electrophoretic electrochemical chip: towards analysis of biochemicals released by single cells. Interface Focus 2011; 1:744-53. [PMID: 23050079 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2011.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel nanocapillary electrophoretic electrochemical (Nano-CEEC) chip has been developed to demonstrate the possibility of zeptomole-level detection of neurotransmitters released from single living cells. The chip integrates three subunits to collect and concentrate scarce neurotransmitters released from single PC-12 cells, including a pair of targeting electrodes for single cells captured by controlling the surface charge density; a dual-asymmetry electrokinetic flow device for sample collection, pre-concentration and separation in a nanochannel; and an online electrochemical detector for zeptomole-level sample detection. This Nano-CEEC chip integrates a polydimethylsiloxane microchannel for cell sampling and biomolecule separation and a silicon dioxide nanochannel for sample pre-concentration and amperometric detection. The cell-capture voltage ranges from 0.1 to 1.5 V with a frequency of 1-10 kHz for PC-12 cells, and the single cell-capture efficiency is optimized by varying the duration of the applied field. All of the processes, from cell sampling to neurotransmitter detection, can be completed within 15 min. Catecholamines, including dopamine and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) released from coupled single cells, have been successfully detected using the Nano-CEEC chip. A detection limit of 30-75 zeptomoles was achieved, which is close to the levels released by a single neuron in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Guei Wu
- Department of Engineering and Systems Science , National Tsing Hua University , 101 Section 2 Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan , Republic of China ; National Health Research Institutes , 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan , Republic of China
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